Charles Baillairgé: Architect and Engineer 9780773561557

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Charles

B A I L L A I R G £ BY J . E . L I V E R N O I S , c.1874

Charles Baillairge ARCHITECT & ENGINEER

Christina Cameron

McGILL-QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY PRESS MONTREAL AND KINGSTON

1989

© McGill-Queen's University Press 1989 ISBN 0-7735-0638-1 Legal deposit first quarter 1989 Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec Design by Robert Tombs

Printed in Canada on acid-free paper This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Social Science Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and with the assistance of the J. Paul Getty Trust and The Samuel and Saidye Bronfman Family Foundation. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Cameron, Christina Charles Baillairge Includes index. Bibliography: p. ISBN 0-7735-0638-1 i. Baillairge, Charles, 1827-1906. 2. Architects— Canada—Biography. 3. Architecture, Modern—19th century—Canada. I. Title. NA749.B34C341989 720'.92'4 c88-090170-5

Contents

Illustrations

vii

Preface

xiii

Introduction

xvii

Abbreviations

xxv

Plates following page 1 The Making of an Architect, Engineer, and Surveyor

2 3

2 Baillairge the Professional Man

13

3 First Commissions: Experiments in Neoclassicism and the Gothic Revival

19

4 Discovering Greek Revival: Quebec Music Hall

39

5 Innovations in Construction Technology: Laval University Buildings

59

6 Religious Commissions: Sainte-Marie de Beauce

69

7 First Mishaps: Department of Public Works

75

8 Parliament Buildings Competition and the Quebec Jail

82

9 Success, Controversy, and Failure: Ottawa Parliament Buildings

94

10 Quebec City Engineer

110

11 Baillairge the Educator

130

12 Professional Standards

139

Conclusion

146

Appendix i: Summary Catalogue of Architectural Works by Charles Baillairge

153

Appendix 2: Genealogy of Charles Baillairge

157

VI

•

CONTENTS

Appendix 3: Bibliography of Primary Source Material

161

Notes

171

Index

195

Illustrations

1 2 3 4

9, rue Haldimand/7 43, rue d'Auteuil/8 Notre-Dame de Quebec/p Parish church of Saint-Roch/p

5

St Martin-in-the-Fields/io

6 7 8 9

Episcopal Palace/io Episcopal Palace "with rnodifications/u Proposal for Saint Paul Market/u Kingston Town Hall/u

10 n 12

Vaults of Saint-Jean-Baptiste church/14 Specifications for 1850 town house/id West facade of Saint-Jean-Baptiste church/2O

13 14 15 16

Saint-Jean-Baptiste church/2O Saint-Jean-Baptiste church from Saint-Roch ward/2i Proposal for Saint-Jean-Baptiste church/22 Longitudinal cross-section of Saint-Jean-Baptiste church/22

17

Beauport church/24

18 19

Beauport church after fire/24 Orphanage of the Soeurs de la Charite/25

20 21

Asylum of the Soeurs de la Charite/2tf Design for chapel of the Soeurs de la Charite/2d

22 23 24

Chapel of the Soeurs de la Charite/27 Cross-section of chapel of the Soeurs de la Charite/27 Henderson/Scott stores and Notre-Dame de Quebec/2p

25 26 27

Hamel & Frere building/jo Baillargeon/Drolet stores/jo De Blois building/ji

28 29 30 31 32 33

Bilodeau store/?2 Bilodeau store/j2 Interior of Bilodeau store/jj Trudelle house/jj Parent, Tetu, and Methot row houses/j4 Residences for the Hotel-Dieu Sisters/54

34

Corriveau house/jy

35

Hamel house/jy

36 37 38

Doorway in Hamel house/jd Interior of Hamel house/j5-7/ 33/20] (vol. i only); inventaire (1878). Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge 2 vols. text i do plates $36." Colton, George Woolworth. Colton's General Atlas, containing one hundred and seventy steel plate maps and plans ... accompanied by descrip-

tions, geographical, statistical and historical by Richard S. Fisher. New York: J.H. Colton & Company 1859. Not located; inventaire (1878). Cowper, Charles. The Building erected in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all nations, 1851. Illustrated by twenty-eight large plates, embracing plans, elevations, sections and details, laid down to a large scale from the working drawings of the contractors, Messrs. Fox, Henderson, and Co. by Charles Dowries with scientific description by Charles Cowper. London: J. Weale 1852. QMM, Blackader, NA 6750/1607 [disappeared]; Barbeau list. Cresy, Edward. Encyclopaedia of Civil Engineering, Historical, Theoretical and Practical, 2 vols. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans 1847. Not located; inventaire (1878). Croes, JJ.R. Statistical Tables from the History and Statistics of American Water Works. New York: Engineering News 1883. AVQ> rare books, 10/487/0939/1883. Inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." The Cyclopaedia of Machine and Hand-Tools: a Series of Plans, Sections, and Elevations of the most approved Tools for working in iron, wood and other materials ...To which are added an Essay on the Strength and Qualities of Wood and Metals, embracing a sketch of the manufacture of iron and steel, by W.J. Macauorn Rankine ... and an Essay on the Puddling of Iron, by St. John Vincent Day. London: William Mackenzie 1869. Not located; inventaire (1878). De 1'Orme, Philibert. Le premier tome de I'architecture de Philibert de I'Orme conseillier et aumosnier ordinaire du Roy. Paris: Federic Morel 1568. BSQ, 203; inventaire (1878). Inscription on title page: "Francois Baillairge, 1784." Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge. New binding"; inscription on fly leaf: "Chs. Baillairge £2.10.0"; inscription opposite title page: "L'Universite Laval. Hommage du Chevalier Baillairge 6 Oct. 79." Dempsey, G. Drysdale. The Practical Railway Engineer. London: John Weale 1847. QQLA, uncatalogued [collection code 105-7/33/18]; inventaire (1878). Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge £2.16.0." Desargues, Gerard. Maniere universelle de Mr. Desargues, pour pratiquer la perspective par petitpied, comme le Geometral. Paris: Pierre DesHayes 1648. QQLA, 1*0/749/0441/1648. Inscription on title page: "Chs Baillairge $iV2."

•

167

Dilworth, Thomas. The Yrnmg Book-keeper's Assistant: shewing him, in the most plain and easy Manner, the Italian way of stating Debtor and Creditor. London: Richard and Henry Causton 1790. QQLA, uncatalogued [collection code 105-7/33/25]; inventaire (1878). Inscription on inside front cover: "F. Baillairge." Dupain de Montesson. L'art de lever les plans de tout ce qui a rapport a la guerre et a I'architecture civile et champetre, 2nd ed. Paris: Ch. Ant. Jombert, pere 1775. Not located; Francois Baillairge inventory, Barbeau conversation. [Inscription on title page: "Thomas Baillairge 1806"]. Durand, Jean Nicolas Louis. Precis des le$ons d'architecture donnees a I'Ecole royale poly technique. Liege: D. Avanzo & Cie 1840. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Duval, Charles Jerome Alphonse. Petites maisons de plaisance et d'habitation choisies aux environs de Paris et dans les quartiers neufs de la capitalepresentees ... par C. Duval. Liege: D. Avanzo & Cie. 1852. Not located; Barbeau list. The Expositor; a Weekly Illustrated Recorder of Inventions, Designs and Art Manufactures, vol. i. London: J. Clayton 1850. Not located; inventaire (1878). Fairbairn, William. Construction of Conway and Britannia Bridges. London: John Weale 1849. Not located; inventaire (1878). [Felibien, Andre]. Des principes de I'architecture, de la sculpture, de la peinture, et des autres arts qui en dependent, avec un dictionnaire des termes propres a chacun de ces Arts, 2nd ed. Paris: Veuve Jean-Baptiste Coignard et Jean-Baptiste Coignard fils 1690. QMM, Blackader Rare Books, W/F33; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge 1858 $15"; Inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." Fergusson, James. The Illustrated Handbook of Architecture; being a concise and popular account of the different styles of architecture prevailing in all ages and countries. London: John Murray 1855. Not located; Barbeau list. Ferrerio, Pietro. Palazzi di Roma de piu celebri architetti disegnati da Pietro Ferrerio pittore et architett, vol. i. Rome: Gio Jacomo de Rossi [170-?]. QQBS, 203. Inscription on title page [scratched out]: "Thomas Baillairge aoust 1821." Foulke, William Parker. Remarks on the Penal System of Pennsylvania, particularly with refer-

i68

APPENDIX 3

ence to county prisons. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the miseries of public prisons 1855. Not located; Barbeau list. Foulston, John. The Public Buildings Erected in the West of England as Designed by John Foulston ER.I.B.A. London:]. Williams 1838. QMM, Blackader, WH45/H F825; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge £5.0.0." Gibbs, James. A Book of Architecture, containing Designs of Buildings and Ornaments, 2nd ed. London: W. Innys and R. Manby, J. and P. Knapton, and C. Hitch 1739. QMM, Blackader, WF/II 0352; inventaire (1878); Barbeau list. Inscription on title page: "John Cannon 1806' [crossed out]; "Thomas Baillairge 1833"; "Chs. Baillairge 1858 $15." Gould, Lucius D. The American House Carpenter's and Joiner's Assistant. New York: Daniel Burgess & Company 1853. Not located; inventaire (1878). Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations, 1851, 2 vols. London: Dickinson 1854. Not located; inventaire (1878). Gwilt, Joseph. An Encyclopaedia of Architecture, Historical, Theoretical and Practical. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans 1842. QQLA, NA/3i/G994/i842; inventaire (1878). Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge £4.2.?/binding 0.5.?/ £5.7.?"; inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." Hamel, Joseph. Rapport de I'inspecteur des chemins sur la canalisation de la cite de Quebec/ Report of the Road Surveyor on the Drainage of the City of Quebec. Quebec: Bureau & Marcotte 1852. QQLA, uncatalogued [bound with Sanderson, Rural Architecture]. Hope, Thomas. Histoire de I'architecture, 2 vols. Translated from English by A. Baron. Brussels: Meline, Cans et compagnie 1839. QMM, Blackader, WFII/HTTF; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Vol. i inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge in 2 vols. $9"; vol. 2 inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge 2 vols. $9." Hoppus, F. The Gentleman's and Builder's Repository: or, Architecture Display'd, containing the most useful and requisite Problems in Geometry. London: C. Hitch and L. Hawes, S. Crowder, B. Cole 1760. QMM, Blackader, WF/H77; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on title page: "Francois Baillairge 1800"; ""Chs. Baillairge 1858"; "Jan.

21/26 Mme. A.W. Baillairge, Blackader."

inventaire (1878).

The Imperial Journal of the Arts and Sciences, 3 vols. Glasgow: W. Mackenzie [1858-66?]. Not located; inventaire (1878).

. The Young Builder's General Instructor, containing the Five Orders of Architecture. Newark, NJ: W. Tuttle & Co. 1829. Not located.

Jackson, George, and Sons. Part of the Collection of Relievo Decorations as Executed in Papier Mache et Carton Pierre. London: George Jackson and Sons, n.d. [185?]. QQLA, NK/8555/JI2/ i856/Ex.B; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge £2.12.6." Jamieson, Alexander. A Dictionary of Mechanical Science, Arts, Manufactures, and Miscellaneous Knowledge, 2 vols. London: H. Fisher, Son and Co., 1827 [1837?]. Not located; inventaire (1878). Jeaurat, Edme-Sebastien. Traite de perspective a I'usage des artistes ... ou I'on demontregeometriquement toutes les pratiques de cette science, et ou Ton enseigne, selon la methode de M. LeClerc, a mettre toutes sortes d'objets en perspective, leur reverbation dans I'eau, et leurs ombres, tant au soleil qu'au flambeau. Paris: Charles-Antoine Jombert 1750. QQBS, 203. Inscription on title page: "E"; "Seminaire de Quebec." Jebb, Joshua. Modern Prisons: their Construction and Ventilation. London: John Weale 1844. Not located; inventaire (1878). Johnson, William. The Practical Draughtsman's Book of Industrial Design and Machinist's and Engineer's Drawing Companion, forming a Complete Course of Mechanical, Engineering and Architectural Drawing. New York: Stringer & Townsend 1854. Not located; inventaire (1878). Knight, Frederick. Knight's Heraldic Illustrations, designed for the use of herald painters and engravers. London: F. Knight [1843]. Not located; Barbeau list. Knight's Scroll Ornaments designed for the use of Silversmiths, Chasers, Die-Sinkers, Modellers, etc. etc. London: J. Williams, T. Griffiths and Ackerman & Co. [1833?]. QMM, Blackader, NKi58o/K7/i833/c.i; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." Knight's Unique Fancy Ornaments. London: J. Williams [1835?]. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Lafever, Minard. The Beauties of Modern Architecture. New York. D. Appleton & Co. 1835. Not located. The Modern Builder's Guide. New York: William D. Smith 1841. Not located;

Lardner, Dionysius. Popular Lectures on Science and Art; delivered in the principal cities and towns of the United States. New York: Greeley & McElrath 1846. Not located; inventaire (1878). Leeds, Lewis W. A Treatise on Ventilation, comprising seven lectures delivered before the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, 1866-68. New York: John Wiley & Son 1871. Not located, Barbeau list. Letarouilly, P[aul-Marie]. Edifices de Rome moderne ou recueil des palais, maisons, eglises, couvents et autres monuments publics et particuliers les plus rentarquabks de la ville de Rome, vol. i. Liege: D. Avanzo & Cie. 1843. QQLA, NA/ ii2O/L645a/i843/i [collection code 105-7/337 6]; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge $20 avec un vol. de texte"; inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." Edifices de Rome moderne. Liege: D. Avanzo et Cie. 1849. QQLA, uncatalogued [collection code 105-7/33/14]; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscrption on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge £5.00 pour ce vol. et le vol. in folio de planches"; inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." Lynde, Frederick Charles, ed. Descriptive Illustrated Catalogue of the Sixty-eight Designs for the Great Tower for London, compiled and edited by Fred. C. Lynde for the Tower Company, Limited. London: Industries 1890. Not located; Baillairge, Baillairge's London Eiffel Tower, 2. [Meikleham, Robert]. A Dictionary of Architecture; historical, descriptive, topographical, decorative, theoretical, and mechanical, 3 vols., by Robert Stuart (pseud.]. Philadelphia: A. Hart 1851. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Meyer, Franz Sales. A Handbook of Ornament, a grammar of art, industrial and architectural designing in all its branches, for practical as well as theoretical use. New York: B. Hessling and Spielmeyer 1894. Not located; Barbeau list. The National Portrait Gallery, 4 vols. London and New York: Cassell, Petter & Galpin 1875-7. Not located; inventaire (1878). Newton, Isaac. Optics or a Treatise on the

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light. London: W. & J. Innys 1718. Not located. Inscription: "F. Baillairge 1804 Quebec"; "L.G. Baillairge 1859 Charles Baillairge"; as noted in MAC, IBC, fonds Morisset, 2/6157/0 475, p. 15. Nicholson, John. The Operative Mechanic and British Machinist, being a practical display of the Manufactories and Mechanical Arts of the United Kingdom. London: Knight and Lacey 1825. Not located; inventaire (1878).

Baillairge £1.12.6." Parker, Charles. Villa rustica: Selected farm buildings and scenes in the vicinity of Rome and Florence, and arranged for rural and domestic dwellings, with plans and details, 2nd ed. London: John Weale 1848. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Parker, John Henry. An Introduction to the Study of Gothic Architecture. Oxford and London: J.H. Parker 1849. Not located; Barbeau list.

Nicholson, Peter. Encyclopedia of Architecture. A Dictionary of the Science and Practice of Architecture, Building, Carpentry, etc. from the earliest ages to the present time forming a comprehensive work of reference for the use of architects, builders, carpenters, masons, engineers, students, professional men and amateurs, ed. Edward Lomax and Thomas Gunyon, 2 vols. New York: Martin and Johnson 185?. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list.

Pattisson, William. Plans and Elevations of Cottage Villas and Country Residences, with parsonage houses, lodges, and other domestic buildings; also, various details and general estimates. London: Atchley and Co. 1852. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list.

Normand, Louis-Marie. Monuments funeraires choisis dans les cimetieres de Paris et des principales vilks de France, dessines, graves et publics par L. Normand, aine. Liege: D. Avanzo & Cie. 1852. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list.

Picturesque America; or, The Land we live in, ed. William Cullen Bryant, 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton and Company [1872-4]. Not located; inventaire (1878).

Paris moderne; ou, Choix de maisons construites dans les nouveaux quartiers de la capitale et dans ses environs, vol. i. Liege: D. Avanzo et Cie. n.d. QQLA, NA/7346/P232/I, Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge £10.0.0 pour les 3 vols." Paris moderne; ou, Choix de maisons dans les nouveaux quartiers de la capitale et dans ses environs, vols. 2 and 3. Liege: D. Avanzo & Cie., n.d. Not located; Barbeau list. Notman, William, and Thomas D. King. Photographic Selections, vol. i. Montreal: William Notman 1863. Not located; inventaire (1878). Official Reports of Various Duty Trials of the Gaskill Pumping Engine. Buffalo: Courier Company 1890. AVQ, rare books, JJ/JJQ/ 1890. Inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge. " Ornaments of all Nations. N.p., n.d. Not located; inventaire (1878). Owen, Robert Dale. Hints on Public Architecture, containing, among other Illustrations, Views and Plans of the Smithsonian Institution. New York and London: George P. Putnam 1849. QQLA, NA/2540/O97/I849, Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs.

Pictorial Gallery of Art, 2 vols. London: Charles Knight and Co. i845?-7. Not located; inventaire (1878).

Piganiol de la Force, [Jean Aymar]. Nouvelle description des chasteaux et pares de Versailles et de Marly; contenant une explication historique de toutes les peintures, tableaux, statues, vases et ornemens qui s 'y voyent... enrichie de plusieurs figures en faille douce, 2 vols. This book had at least nine editions in the i8th century. The first was Paris: Florentin & Pierre Delaulne 1701. The edition that Frangois Baillairge brought back with him from France in 1782 was probably the ninth edition, Paris: Etienne-Francois Savoye 1764. Not located; Frangois Baillairge inventory, Thomas Baillairge will. Practical Mechanic's Journal, 3rd ser. London: Longmans 1864. Not located; inventaire (1878). Proulx, Louis. Hospice des Soeurs de la Charite a Quebec. Quebec: Aug. Cote et Cie. 1851. QQLA, uncatalogued [bound with Sanderson, Rural Architecture]. Pugin, Augustus C. and E.J. Willson. Specimens of Gothic Architecture, accompanied by historical and descriptive accounts by E.J. Willson, vol. 2. London: M.A. Nattali 1821. QQLA, NA/445/P978. Inscription [effaced] on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge 2 vols. £?"; "J.P.E. Dussault, architecte, No. 253 rue St. Jean Quebec." Rondelet, Jean. Traite theorique et pratique de

169

I'art de bdtir, loth ed. Paris: Firmin Didot Freres 1843. QQLA, NA/2520/R77i/i843/6; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge $32 et 5 vols. de texte." Rondelet, Jean-Baptiste. Traite theorique et pratique de I'art de bdtir, 5 vols. Paris: Firmin Didot 1843. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Rondelet, Jean. Traite theorique et pratique de I'art de bdtir, supplement par G. Abel Blouet. Liege: Dque Avanzo & Cie., n.d. QQLA, NA/ 252O/R77i/i843/Suppl/2; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge $15. avec un vol. de texte"; inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." Rossi, Domenico de. Studio d'architettura civile sopra gli Ornamenti di Porte Finestre Tratti da alcune Fabbriche insigni di Roma con le Misure Piante Modini e Profili: Opera de piu celebri architetti de nostri tempi, part i. Rome: Domenico de Rossi 1702. QMM, Blackader, WF36R/H R735; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge 1858. 2 vols. $40.,"inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge 1858"; "Thomas Baillairge aoust 1821. . Studio d'architettura civile sopra varj Ornamenti di Cappelle, et diversi sepolcri tratti da piu Chiese di Roma colle loro Facciate, Fianchi, Piante, e Misure: Opera de piu celebri architetti de nostri tempi, part 2. Rome: Domenico de Rossi r/ii. QMM, Blackader, WF36R/U R735; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge 1858 en 2 vols. $40"; "Thomas Baillairge aoust 1821." Studio d'architettura civile sopra varie Chiese, Cappelle di Roma, e Palazzo di Caprarola, et Altre Fabriche con le loro Facciate, Spaccati, Piante, e Misure: Opera de piu celebri architetti de nostri tempi, part 3. Rome: Domenico de Rossi 1721. QMM, Blackader, WF36R/H R735 [bound with part 2]; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Sanderson, James. Rural Architecture; being a Series of Designs for Rural and Other Dwellings. London: Wm. S. Orr & Co. n.d. QQLA, uncatalogued [collection code 105-7/33/7], Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge"; inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." Sanderson, Nicolas. Elements of Algebra for the Use of Students at the Universities, 2nd ed. London: A. Millar, J. Whiston and B.

iyo

APPENDIX 3

White, L. Davis and C. Reymers, Thuribourn and Woodyer 1761. QQLA, uncatalogued [collection code 105-7/33/8]. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge." Sandrart, Joachim von. Insignium Romae templorum prospectus, exteriores et interiores a celebrioribus architects inventi nunc tandem suis cum plantis ac mensuris, septuaginta tribus figuris aeri incisis, in luce editi, 2 vols. Norimbergae: Joannis Jacobi de Sandrart 1684. Not located; Barbeau list [inscribed on title page: "Thomas Baillairge 1821"; "Charles Baillairge 1858 $20."] [Scott, David]. Examples of Machinery and Mill-work; being Plans, Sections and Elevations, of Works in Several Departments of Machinery, Mill-work and General Engineering. Glasgow: Blackie and Son 1845. Not located; inventaire (1878). [Sears, F.L. Famous American Buildings. London?: Hinton & Simpkin & Marshall 1832.] QMM, Blackader WH83/H 1159, Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge £1.5." Title page is missing. Sganzin, Joseph Mathieu. Programme, ou resume des lemons d'un cours de construction, avec des applications tirees specialement de I'art de I'ingenieur des ponts et chaussees, 5th ed. by FelixJean-Baptiste Reibell. Liege: D. Avanzo & Cie 1840-4. QQLA, TA/I44/S523; inventaire (1878). Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge £7.15.0. 2 vols de texte"; inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." Sharpe, Samuel. Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum. London: J.R. Smith 1862. Not located; inventaire (1878). Silliman, Benjamin, and C.R. Goodrich, eds. The World of Science, Art and Industry Illustrated from Examples in the New York Exhibition, 183-1854. New York: G.P. Putnam and Company 1854. Not located; inventaire (1878). Sloan, Samuel. The Model Architect. A Series of original designs for cottages, villas, suburban residences, etc., 2 vols. Philadelphia: E.S. Jones & Co. 1852. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Smith, James. The Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Manufactures ... embracing in all nearly three thousand articles on Arts and Sciences, 2 vols. Boston: Phillips, Sampson & Company 1854. Not located; inventaire (1878). Soane, John. Plans, Elevations and Sections of Buildings erected in the counties of Norfolk, Suf-

folk, Yorkshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Hertfordshire, etcaetera. London: Messrs. Taylor at the Architectural Library, Holborn 1788. QMM, Blackader, WF45/H 5676; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge $10."

taste; intended for those designing and making parks, terraces, pleasure walks, recreative ground, etc. etc.; principally taken from the executed works ofDecimus Burton, arch., John Nash, arc. [and others]. London: J. Weale 1841. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list.

Switzer, Stephen. An Introduction to a General System of Hydrostaticks and Hydraulicks, Philosophical and Practical. London: T. Astley, S. Austen and L. Gilliver 1729. QQLA, uncatalogued [collection code 105-7/33/12]. Inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge."

Student Guide [for Measuring and Valuing]. London: John Weale 1843. Not located; NA, RG n, vol. 417, no. 10,788.

Tattersall, George. Sporting Architecture. London: R. Ackermann 1841. Not located; inventaire (1878). Taylor, Michael. Tables of Logarithms of All Numbers, from 1 to 101000; and of the Sines and Tangents to every second of the Quadrant. Preface by Nevil Maskelyne. London: Christopher Buckton 1742. QQLA, uncatalogued [collection code 105-7/33/16]. No inscription. Telford, Thomas. On Bridges, 4 vols. N.p., n.d. Not located; inventaire (1878). Templeton, William. The Operative Mechanic's Workshop Companion and the Scientific Gentleman's Practical Assistant, 2nd ed. London: John Weale 1847. Not located; NA, RG n, vol. 417, no. 10,788. Tomlinson Encyclopedia, 2 vols. N.p. 1851. Not located; inventaire (1878). Ure, Andrew. A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures and Mines: containing a clear exposition of their principles and practice, 4th ed., 2 vols. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans 1853. Not located; inventaire (1878). Vignola, Giacomo Barozzio. Le grand Vignol augmente. Paris: N. Berey 1664. Not located; Francois Baillairge inventory, Thomas Baillairge will. Ville, Antoine de. Les fortifications du chevalier Antoine de Ville, contenant la maniere de fortifier toute sorte de places. Paris: Toussainct Quinet 1636. Lyon: J. Barlet 1628. Not located; Francois Baillairge inventory. Vitry, Urbain. Le proprietaire architecte, contenant des modeles de maisons de ville et de campagne, de fermes, orangeries, portes, puits, fontaines dessine et redige par Urbain Vitry avec gravures par Hibon, 2 vols. Paris: Audot 1827. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Weale, John, ed. Designs of ornamental gates, lodges, palisading and iron work of the Royal Parks; with some other designs equal in utility and

The Theory, Practice and Architecture of Bridges of Stone, Iron, Timber, and Wire, with Examples on the Principle of Suspension, 4 vols. [vols. i and 2 bound together]. London: John Weale 1855-6. QQLA, uncatalogued [collection code 105-7/33/30]. All three volumes inscription on inside front cover: "Chs. Baillairge £7.10 for the 3 vols." inscription on title page: "Chs. Baillairge." Wickersham, John B. A new phase in iron manufacture, embracing a description of its use for enclosing public squares, cemetry lots, dwellings, cottages, offices, gratings for stores, prisons etc., window guards, bedsteads, tree boxes, verandas, etc., 2nd ed. New York: Wm. C. Bryant & Co. 1853. Not located; Barbeau list. Willis, Nathaniel Parker. Canadian Scenery Illustrated, from Drawings by W.H. Bartktt. London: G. Virtue 1842. Not located; inventaire (1878). Wood, John. The Origin of building; or, the Plagiarism of the heathens detected, in five books. Bath: S. and F. Farley 1741. Not located; inventaire (1878), Barbeau list. Worthen, William Ezra, ed. Appleton's Cyclopaedia of Drawing, designed as a textbook for the Mechanic, Architect, Engineer and Surveyor. New York: D. Appleton & Company 1857. Not located; inventaire (1878). Yearly Encyclopedia. N.p., 1861-8. Not located; inventaire (1878).

Notes

INTRODUCTION 1 See Appendix 2, genealogy of Charles Baillairge. 2 Robert C. Tuck, Gothic Dreams: The Life and Times of a Canadian Architect William Critchlow Hants 1854-1913 (Toronto: Dundurn Press 1978); Terry Reksten, Rattenbury (Victoria: Sono Nis Press 1978); Anthony Barrett and Rhodri Liscombe, Francis Rattenbury and British Columbia: Architecture and Challenge in the Imperial Age (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press 1983). Although not yet published, a number of scholarly biographies on nineteenth-century architects practising in Canada have been completed or are in preparation, including a Master of Arts thesis on William Thomas by Neil Einarson of Winnipeg, a doctoral thesis by Ellen James of Concordia University on John Ostell, a study on George Browne by J. Douglas Stewart of Queen's University, a Master of Arts thesis on Thomas Fuller by Christopher Thomas of the University of Toronto, a Master of Arts thesis on Percy Nobbs by Susan Wagg of Concordia University, and a doctoral thesis by Raymonde Gauthier on Victor Bourgeau for Laval University. Exhibition catalogues include Geoffrey Hunt, John M. Lyle: Toward a Canadian Architecture/Creer une architecture canadienne (Kingston: Agnes Etherington Art Centre 1982), Ellen James, John Ostell: Architecte, Arpenteur/Architect, Surveyor (Montreal: McCord Museum 1985), and Susan Wagg, Ernest Isbell Barott: Architecte/Architect (Montreal: Canadian Centre for Architecture 1985). 3 See Appendix i, Summary Catalogue of Architectural Works by Charles Baillairge. For a complete catalogue of architectural works see Christina Cameron, "Charles Baillairge, Architecte," doctoral thesis, Laval University, December 1982, Appendix ii. 4 See Appendix 3, Bibliography, Printed Works by Charles Baillairge. 5 Reference to the proposed volume is made in another work in the same series, George-Frederic Baillairge, Notices biogra-

phiques. Fascicule no. 1: Jean Baillairge, 2"e du nom (Joliette: Bureaux de 1'etudiant, du couvent et de la famille 1891), 5. 6 Marius Barbeau, "Les Baillairge, Ecole de Quebec en sculpture et en architecture," Le Canada franc,ais 33 (1945): 249-50; Gerard Morisset, "Jean Baillairge (1726-1805)," Technique 22 (1947): 415-25; Ramsay Traquair, The Old Architecture of Quebec (Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada 1947), 287-9; Gerard Morisset, "Pierre-Florent Baillairge (1761-1812)," Technique 22 (1947): 603-10; Gerard Morisset, "Francois Baillairge (1759-1830)," Technique 23 (1948): 27-32, 159-63; Gerard Morisset, "Francois Baillairge 1759-1830: le sculpteur," Technique 24 (1949): 89-94, I87-9i, 233-8; Alan Gowans, "Thomas Baillairge and the Quebecois Tradition of Church Architecture," Art Bulletin 34 (1953): 116-37; David Karel, Luc Noppen, and Claude Thibault, "Francois Baillairge et son oeuvre (1759-1830) (Quebec: Le groupe de recherche en art du Quebec de 1'Universite Laval et le Musee du Quebec 1975), 1-84; Luc Noppen, "Le renouveau architectural propose par Thomas Baillairge au Quebec, de 1820 a 1850," doctoral thesis, Universite Toulouse-Le Mirail, 1976. 7 NA, RG ii, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Charles Baillairge to Hon. Jean Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853. 8 George-Frederic Baillairge, Notices biographiques, vols. 1-4 (Joliette: Bureaux de 1'etudiant, du convent et de la famille 1891); ANQ, P 0092/3, fonds Jean-Jacques Girouard, journal de la famille Baillairge, Quebec,

18549 ASQ, exercices publics: Seminaire de Quebec, collection of programmes of stud-' ies, Quebec, 1830-42.

12 Partial research results have been released in A.J.H. Richardson, Genevieve Bastien, Doris Dube, and Marthe Lacombe, Quebec City: Architects, Artisans and Builders (Ottawa: National Museum of Man 1984), and Christina Cameron and Monique Trepanier, Vieux Quebec: son Architecture interieure (Ottawa: National Museum of Man, 1986). 13 Christian Morissonneau, "Charles Baillairge, architecte," La Societe de geographic de Quebec 1877-1970 (Quebec: Les Presses de 1'Universite Laval 1971), 53. The exact phrase is "1'un des oublies de 1'historiographie canadienne-frangaise."

CHAPTER i 1 ANDQ, Registre Notre-Dame de Quebec, 1826, no. 878, p. 207, "Charles-Philippe-Ferdinand Baillairge, ne avant hier, i" oct. 1826." George-Frederic Baillairge, Notices biographiques. Fascicule no. 4: Theophile Baillairge ... et Charlotte-]anvrin Horsky (Joliette: Bureaux de 1'etudiant, du couvent et de la famille 1891), 109-28. Theophile Baillairge is identified as a "bookbinder, i St. Jean St." in John Smith, The Quebec Directory or Strangers' Guide in the City for 1826 (Quebec: T. Gary & Co. 1826), 9- See Appendix 2, Genealogy of Charles Baillairge. 2 ANQ, P 0092/3, fonds Jean-Jacques Girouard, journal de la famille Baillairge, Quebec, 1854. 3 George-Frederic Baillairge, Notices biographiques. Fascicule no. l:Jean Baillairge, 2"edu nom (Joliette: Bureaux de 1'etudiant, du couvent et de la famille 1891), 3; "Pierre-Florent Baillairge," BRH 8 (1902): 26-7. 4 G.-F. Baillairge, Notices biographies no. 4, 119.

10 Luc Noppen, "Le role de 1'abbe Jerome Demers dans 1'elaboration d'une architecture neo-classique au Quebec," JCAH 2, no. 1 J ( 975): J9~33; Noppen, "Le renouveau architecural."

5 Ibid., 122; "Baillairge, George Frederick," A Cyclopaedia of Canadian Biography being Chiefly Men of the Time, ed. Geo Maclean Rose (Toronto: Rose Publishing Company 1888), 70.

11 A suggestion I owe to the late Eric Schreiber in a telephone converseation in 1971.

6 ANQ, P 0092/3, fonds Girouard, journal de la famille Baillairge; G.-F. Baillairge, Notices biographies no. i, 2; Marius Barbeau,

172

NOTES TO PAGES 3-6

"Les Baillairge: Ecole de Quebec en sculpture et en architecture," Le Canada francais 33 (X945): 249-5o; Doris Drolet Dube and Marthe Lacombe, Inventaire des marches de construction des Archives nationals a Quebec, XVUcet XVIIIe siecles, in Histoire et archeologie, 17 (Ottawa: Parks Canada 1977), 24, 98, 125, 148, 179, 203, 231, 249; Gerard Morisset, "Jean Baillairge (1726-1805)," Technique 22 (1947): 415-25; Gerard Morisset, "PierreFlorent Baillairge (1761-1812)," Technique 22 (1947); 603-10; Gerard Morisset, "Francois Baillairge (1759-1830)," Technique 23 (1948): 27-32, 159-63; Gerard Morisset, "Francois Baillairge 1759-1830: le sculpteur," Technique 24 (1949): 89-94, rSy-pi, 233-8; Luc Noppen, Notre-Dame de Quebec (1647-1922), son architecture, son rayonnement (Quebec: Ed. du Pelican 1974), 150-1. 7 David Karel, Luc Noppen, and Claude Thibault, Francois Baillairge et son oeuvre (1759-1830) (Quebec: Le groupe de recherche en art du Quebec de 1'Universite Laval et le Musee du Quebec 1975), 1-84. 8 The drawings, which are dated 1780 and 1781, belong to the collection of the Musee du Quebec; at least two of the perspective drawings of spiral staircases were originally part of the cahier Charles Baillairge, which was acquired by the museum in 1959 from Naomi Baillairge. One of the other drawings is reproduced in Karel et al., Francois Baillairge, 68. 9 Luc Noppen, "Francois Baillairge, architecte," in Karel et al., Francois Baillairge, 67-84; Luc Noppen, Les eglises du Quebec (1600-1850) (Quebec: Fides 1977), 248-50. 10 Luc Noppen, "Le role de 1'abbe Jerome Demers dans 1'elaboration d'une architecture neo-classique au Quebec," JCAH 2, no. 1 (!975): I9~33- See also Olivier Maurault, "Un professeur d'architecture a Quebec en 1828," Marges d'histoire, vol. i (Montreal: Librairie d'action canadienne-francaise 1929), 93-H311 His career is carefully studied in Luc Noppen, "Le renouveau architectural propose par Thomas Baillairge au Quebec, de 1820 a 1850," doctoral thesis, Universite Toulouse-Le Mirail, 1976. 12 George-Frederic Baillairge, Notices biographies. Fascicule no. yThomas Baillairge ... et Franfois-X. Baillairge (Joliette: Bureaux de 1'etudiant, du convent et de la famille 1891), 83.

13 G.-F. Baillairge, Notices biographies no. 4, 109-11. Theophile Baillairge's plans and elevations for market halls are simple and rudimentary, indicating that he had not been trained professionally in architecture. Illustrations of his design for a market hall in Lower Town are shown in Luc Noppen and Marc Grignon, L'art de I'architecte (Quebec: Musee du Quebec/Universite Laval 1983), 208-9. 14 James Macpherson Lemoine, Maple Leaves, ser. 7 (Quebec: Frank Carrel 1906),

13415 ASQ, exercices publics: Seminaire de Quebec, programs of studies, Quebec, 1830-42; Charles Baillairge, Bilan de M. Baillairge, comme Architecte, Ingenieur, ArpenteurGeometre, durant les 21 ans, avant d'entrer au service de la Cite, es-qualite dTngenieur des Fonts et Chaussees, ou de 184$ a 1866. Puis - entre heures - de 1866 a 1899, tnais non compris les Travaux Civiques relates dans un rapport supplemental [cited hereafter as Bilan de 1845 a 1866] ([Quebec]: n.p. [1899]), iii. 16 "Eloge du cours donne au Seminaire," Le Canadien, 14 Aug. 1839, cited in Honorius Provost, Le Seminaire de Quebec: documents et biographies (Quebec: Archives du Seminaire de Quebec 1964), 319-22. 17 Charles Baillairge, Divers, ou les enseignements de la vie [cited hereafter as Divers] (Quebec: C. Darveau 1898), 33. 18 NA, RG n, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Charles Baillairge to Hon. Jean Chabot stating his capacity as an architect and engineer, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853: "J'ai regu mon education au Seminaire de Quebec dont je suis sorti en Rhetorique. J'avais trop le desir de m'avancer dans les connaissances philosophiques & mathematiques pour pouvoir suivre avec patience le progres tardif de 1'institution dont je viens de parler. Aussi me suis-je mis a 1'etudier jour et nuit pour apprendre dans un an, ce qu'au Seminaire je n'aurais appris que dans trois ans." 19 Charles Baillairge, A Summary of Papers read at Different Times before the Royal Society of Canada, the Canadian Association of Civil Engineers and Architects, and Literary, and Scientific Societies, or which have appeared occasionally in scientific and other publications [cited hereafter as A Summary of Papers] (Quebec: H. Chasse Printing [1903], 71-4. 20 AVQ, fonds Charles Baillairge, nos. 6-49 and 6-50, plans, elevation, and sections

for Saint Paul Market, Quebec, July 1843. 21 NA, RG n, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853; the drawings may be found in AVQ, fonds Charles Baillairge, nos. 6-45 to 6-47. 22 NA, RG n, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853. 23 NA, RG 4 B 28, vol. 134, no. 1216, bond of Charles Baillairge to Her Majesty, Quebec, 14 July 1848. 24 NA, RG ii, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, 7 Jan. 1853. Le Journal de Quebec, 13 March 1849,3: "Le soussigne est maintenant pret a recevoir un nombre limite d'eleves a etre instruits dans les diverses branches de 1'Architecture, de 1'Arpentage, et du Genie Civil, conjointement ou separement, au gre de 1'eleve. Le soussigne aussi, mesurement de toute espece, geometric, mathematiques, mecanique etc. Chas. Baillairge." 25 NA, RG n, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853: "Je suis aussi parfaitement Ingenieur Civil qu'il est possible de 1'etre par 1'Etude, c'est-a-dire que je suis dans le cas de celui qui aurait fait une clericature entiere." 26 A list of Francois Baillairge's books is included in the inventory made after the death of his wife, in ANQ, gr. Roger Lelievre, no. 3803, inventaire, Quebec, 30 May 1808. A partial transcription may be found in David Karel et al., Francois Baillairge, 9. Judging from the inscription of Thomas Baillairge's copy as listed in the architectural library of Charles Baillairge, the volume by James Gibbs was obviously purchased by Thomas Baillairge after the death of Quebec architect John Cannon in 1833. For other books from Cannon's library see Christina Cameron, "John Cannon," Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. vi (Toronto: University of Toronto Press 1987), 119-21. 27 ANQ, P 0092/2, fonds Jean-Jacques Girouard, letter from Thomas Baillairge to Madame Girouard, Quebec, n April 1853; ASQ, polygraphie 19, no. 59, testament of Thomas Baillairge, passed before Mtre Charles M. DeFoy, no. 5567, Quebec, 5 Aug. 1848. Among the clauses one finds: 5°Je donne & legue a Charles Baillairge, Architect, mon petit cousin, mes livres suivants concernant ma profession, savoir Blondel, description de Versailles, Edifices de Paris, Antiquites

NOTES TO PAGES 6-14

30 G.-F. Baillairge, Notices biographiques no. 3, 81-3.

the 1857 Jacques Carter Market Hall by Luc Noppen, Claude Paulette, and Michel Tremblay, Quebec: trois siecks d'architecture (Quebec: Libre expression 1979), 317. This attribution is based on the fact that a twostorey market hall was erected at the Jacques-Cartier Market, that the corner visible in a later photograph appears similar to this design (insofar as one can see it), and that one of the drawings has written on the backing "set of plans market hall Jac Cart C. Baillarge [sic] before 1866," not in Baillairge's handwriting. What the authors failed to see was the inscription "C. Baillairge studens" on the front of each sheet of the plans. Charles Baillairge s son, Charles, was only five years old in 1857, so he could not be the "studens" in question. Moreover, in a contemporary newspaper report about the new Jacques Carrier Market Hall, it is stated that "le plan est de M. Theophile Baillairge, inspecteur des chemins" (Le Canadien, 23 July 1857, 4). In support of the 1845 date is the close stylistic similarity to the episcopal palace of the same period and the survival of an isolated foundation drawing clearly identified for the Saint Paul Market and signed "1845 Invt. Delt. C. Baillairge." AVQ, fonds Charles Baillairge, no. 6-48.

31 NA, RG ii, vol. 15, no. 12,239, letter from Charles Baillairge to Thomas Begley, Quebec, 26 Aug. 1850; vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853: "J'ai visite toutes les principales villes des Etats-Unis et ai reste des journees entieres aux endroits ou je voyais un pont, une ecluse, en construction pour considerer tous les moyens pratiques a employer dans la confection de ces ouvrages."

37 Genevieve G. Bastien, Doris D. Dube, and Christina [Cameron] Southam, Inventaire des marches de construction des archives civiles de Quebec 1800-1870 in History and Archaeology/Histoire et archeologie, IA (Ottawa: Parks Canada 1975), 238; Antonio Drolet, La ville de Quebec, histoire municipale HI, de I'incorporation a la Confederation (1833-1867) in Cahiers d'histoire, 19 (Quebec: Societe historique de Quebec 1967), 80.

32 A.J.H. Richardson, "Guide to Buildings in the Old City of Quebec," APT Bulletin 2, nos. 3-4 (1970): 36-51.

38 AVQ, conseil et comites, halles (marche) 2, report of market committee, Quebec, 5 Oct. 1843; Bastien et al., Inventaire des marches, 230; Theophile Baillairge's Upper Town Market Hall is illustrated in Noppen et al., Quebec: trois siecles, 321. Theophile Baillairge's specifications are simpler and less professional than those written by his son Charles.

Romaines, en quatre volumes folio, Philibert de Lorme, livre d'Architecture de James Gibb in folio, et le grand Vignole, aussi in folio, & plus tous mes ustencils a dessiner. 6° Je donne & legue a Raphael Giroux, sculpteur, tous mes cahiers de desseins, modeles & autres livres d'architecture ainsi que tous mes outils de menuiserie, sculpture & peinture.

28 NA, RG n, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853: "J'ai fait venir d'Europe et des Etats-Unis a grands frais pour mes faibles moyens tous les meilleurs traites sur 1'Arpentage, 1'Architecture & le Genie Civil & une grande quantite de volumes sur les arts, les sciences et les manufactures. J'ai lu & relu et etudie a maintes reprises ces volumes, et je connais non seulement tous les ouvrages de quelqu'importance qui ont existe & existent encore en Europe & dans les autres parties du monde, mais je suis aussi au fait de tous les moyens dont on s'est servi dans la construction de ces ouvrages. Je souscris a des publications qui me mettent au fait de tout ce qui se passe dans le monde scientifique." 29 See Appendix 3, Bibliography, Architectural Library of Charles Baillairge.

33 Noppen, "Le renouveau architectural," 374, 40934 Ibid., 549-51; Pierre-Georges Roy, "Notes sur les premieres annees de la paroisse de Saint-Roch-de-Quebec," BRH% (1927): 76. 35 QMM, Blackader, WF/II 6352, James Gibbs, A Book of Architecture, containing Designs of Buildings and Ornaments, 2nd ed. (London: W. Innys and R. Manby, J. and P. Knapton and C. Hitch 1739), 3. 36 Since the 1845 proposal has no precise title, it has been identified as the plan for

39 Jean-Claude Marsan, Montreal en evolution (Montreal: Fides 1974), 210-11; Luc d'Iberville-Moreau, Lost Montreal (Toronto: Oxford University Press 1975), 154-5; JDouglas Stewart and Ian E. Wilson, Heritage Kingston (Kingston: Agnes Etherington Art Gallery and Queen's University 1973), 134-44-

173

40 G.-F. Baillairge, Notices biographiques no. J, 72. 41 Charles Baillairge, "The Prevention of Steam Boiler Explosions," C£3 (May 1895): 5-6. 42 G.-F. Baillairge, Notices biographiques no. 4, 116-17. 43 NA, RG 11, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853.

CHAPTER 2 1 John Soane, Plans, Elevations and Sections of Buildings erected in the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Yorkshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Hertfordshire, etcaetera [sic] (London: Messrs Taylor at the Architectural Library, Hoiborn 1788), 3. 2

Ibid. 7.

3 ASQ, Universite 36, no. 66b, letter from Charles Baillairge to Procurer of Seminary, Quebec, 23 Aug. 1858. 4 These observations are based on perusal of most of Baillairge's specifications and many other architects' contracts, as part of the work involved in preparation of Genevieve G. Bastien, Doris D. Dube, and Christina [Cameron] Southam, Inventaire des marches de construction des archives civiles de Quebec 1800-1870 in History and Archaeology/ Histoire et archeologie, IA-B-C (Ottawa: Parks Canada 1975). 5 ASQ, Universite 36, no. 66b, letter from Baillairge to Procurer, Quebec, 23 Aug. 1858. 6 ASQ, Universite 36, no. 66a, account of Charles Baillairge, Seminary of Quebec, Quebec, 23 Aug. 1858; AVQ, fonds Charles Baillairge, nos. 2-1 to 2-41, plans, elevations, sections, and details for Laval University, Quebec (1854-7). 7 Charles Baillairge, A Summary of Papers, Read at Different Times before The Royal Society of Canada, the Canadian Association of Civil Engineers and Architects, and Literary, and Scientific Societies, or Which Have Appeared Occasionally in Scientific and Other Publications (Quebec: H. Chasse Printing [1903]), 58. 8 Charles Baillairge, "A Plea for a Canadian School of Architecture," CAB 6 (1893): 106. 9 Charles Baillairge, On the Necessity of a School of Arts for the Dominion: A Paper Read Before the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers at their Meeting of the 26th May 1887 (Quebec: n.p. 1887), 2.

174

NOTES TO PAGES 15-18

10 ASQ, Universite 36, no. 50, estimates for cut stone for pensionnat, Quebec, 6 Sept. 185511 ASQ, Universite 36, no. 40, plan for iron door, Quebec, n.d. 12 ASQ, Universite 36, no. 59, letter from Charles Baillairge to Abbe Casault, Quebec, 15 Dec. 1857. 13 ASQ, Universite 36, no. 59, account of Baillairge to Laval, Quebec, 21 Jan. 1856. 14 ANQ, gr. Edouard Lemoine, nos. 347-8, protest and reply, Seminary of Quebec to Pierre Chateauvert, Quebec, 15 May 1855. Chateauvert defended the fact that some stone did not conform to the specifications by explaining that a boat had sunk in the Saint Lawrence River en route from Deschambault to Quebec. 15

Le Canadien, 16 May 1856, 3.

16 An examination of the role of architects from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries in Quebec, including that of Thomas Baillairge, is found in Ramsay Traquair, The Old Architecture of Quebec (Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada 1947), 93-4. In his Maitres artisans de chez nous (Montreal: Les editions du Zodiaque 1942), 55, Marius Barbeau places the decline of skilled craftsmanship in Quebec at about 1840. 17 Baillairge had at least three apprentices in his office in 1849, as these legal contracts prove: ANQ, gr. Edward Cannon, no. 379, indentures, Charles Larue-Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 21 March 1849; no. 408, indentures, Laughlin Smith-Charles Baillairge, 24 April 1849; no. 525, indentures, Eugene Larue-Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 21 Nov. 1849. The apprentices paid £20 or £25 and pledged to act "in a decent and becoming manner as an apprentice to any liberal profession ought to do"; Baillairge undertook to instruct them and issued certificates at the end of their training. It was Eugene Larue who drew the plan for Bilodeau's store. AVQ, fonds Charles Baillairge, no. 1-12, plan for Bilodeau store, Quebec, Nov. 1849. 18 NA, RG n, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853. Among these apprentices were three in surveying, namely Frederic Belanger, Etienne Grondin, and George Le Bouthillier. ANQ, gr. Thomas Gauvin, no. 107, brevet de clericature, Frederic Belanger to Charles

Baillairge, Quebec, 17 Jan. 1850; no. 134, brevet de clericature, George Le Bouthillier to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 12 May 1850; no. 140, brevet de clericature, Etienne Grondin to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 2 July 1850. Baillairge signed as a guarantor for their Lower Canada Land Surveyors' Bonds. NA, RG 4 B 28, vol. 135, no. 2298, Bond of Frederic Belanger, Quebec, 8, Feb. 1853; no. 1723, Bond of George Le Bouthillier, Quebec, njan. 1854. 19 ANQ, gr. Alexandre-Benjamin Sirois, no. 10,363, brevet de clericature, CharlesEdouard Gauvin to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 14 April 1871. 20 Including the apprenticeships mentioned in notes 17 and 18, the following list constitutes Baillairge's known apprentices and the year in which they were bound by indentures: Charles Larue (1849), Eugene Larue (1849), Laughlin Smith (1849), Frederic Belanger (1850), Etienne Grondin (1850), George Le Bouthillier (1850), Elzear Lavergne (1855), Charles-Edouard Michaud (1859), Samuel O'Brien (1859), Ovide Paris (1859), Eugene-Etienne Tache (1860), Rene Steckel (1862), Jules-Emile Tache (1870), Charles-Edouard Gauvin (1871), PierreMar ie-Alphonse Genest (1873) and CharlesAuguste Parent (1874). ANQ. g r - Charles Cinq-Mars, no. 1062, brevet, Elzear Lavergne to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 4 Sept. 1855; no. 1497, brevet, CharlesEdouard Michaud to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 17 Oct. 1859; gr. Philippe Huot, no. 2492, indenture [architecture], Samuel O'Brien to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 14 Sept. 1859; no. 2771, indenture [surveying] Samuel O'Brien to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 8 May 1860; gr. Charles CinqMars, no. 1480, brevet, Ovide Paris to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 4 July 1859; no. 1530, brevet, Ovide Paris to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 13 April 1860; gr. Philippe Huot, no. 2622, brevet, Eugene-Etienne Tache to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 18 Jan. 1860; gr. Charles Cinq-Mars, no. 1639, brevet d'arpentage, Rene Steckel to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 17 July 1862; gr. Jean-Alfred Charlebois, no. 283, brevet de clericature, Jules-Emile Tache to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 7 Oct. 1870; gr. Georges-Theophile Tremblay, no. 1992, brevet de clericature, Pierre-Marie-Alphonse Genest to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, n Jan. 1873; gr- Philippe Huot, no. 7022, brevet de clericature, CharlesAuguste Parent to Charles Baillairge,

Quebec, 21 Jan. 1874. 21 An announcement for the firm appears in Le Canadien, 12 Oct. 1853, 3. 22 NA, RG n, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853: "J'ai bien pris soin d'apprendre tout ce que 1'on a coutume de negliger & non seulement je suis capable des operations ordinaires de 1'Arpenteur, telles que la division ou le bornage d'un terrain; mais aussi des operations geodesiques les plus etendues & les plus difficiles, telles que les releves necessaires pour une carte geographique, ou il faut prendre en consideration la courbature de la surface du globe." 23 NA, RG n, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Baillairge to Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853. 24 Charles Baillairge, Rapport de I'Ex-Ingenieur de la Cite, des travaux faits sous le Maire, Hon. S.N. Parent et le Conseil-de-Ville actuels et sous leurs predecesseurs durant le dernier tiers de Siecle: 1866 a 1899 (Quebec: C. Darveau [1899]), 72-3. The watercolour survives at the municipal archives in Quebec City. [Charles Baillairge], Exposition universelle a Paris, an 1900: exhibit de M. C. Baillairge arete, et ingr. de Quebec, Canada: Systeme de fonder des piliers de ponts a eau profonde de 100 a 200 pieds ou plus (Quebec: n.p. 1899). 25 Baillairge, Rapport de I'Ex-Ingenieur 1866-1899 73. 26 Le Canadien, 14 June 1852, 2; 28 July 1852, 2; 6 Oct. 1852, 2; 22 Oct. 1852, 2; 9 May 1853, 4; Charles Baillairge, "Baillairge's Marine Revolving Steam Express," €£5(1897-8): 166-7. 27 ANQ, p 0092/2, fonds Jean-Jacques Girouard, letter from Thomas Baillairge to Madame Girouard, Quebec, n April 1853. 28

Le journal de Quebec, 10 Sept. 1853, 2.

29 Baillairge, Description et plan d'un nouveau calorifer, 22. 30 Le Canadien, 19 Jan. 1853, 3; 2 Feb. 1853, 3; several letters of invitation from the secretaries of the Institut canadien and the Association de la chambre de lecture de Saint-Roch are conserved in MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, n.p. 31 "Lecture a St-Roch," Le Canadien, 21 Jan. 1853, 2. 32

Le Canadien, 4 Feb. 1853, 2.

NOTES TO PAGES 19-28

CHAPTER 3 1 For the identification of buildings and their cost, see Appendix i, summary catalogue of architectural works by Charles Baillairge. Although the catalogue of architectural works is as complete a list as current research permits and provides a valid basis for the evaluation of his work, it should be kept in mind that the true extent of Charles Baillairge's practice is revealed in his 1853 letter to Chabot in which he claims by that date to have designed and supervised over sixty houses, shops, warehouses, churches, and presbyteries. NA, RG n, vol. 19, no. 19,850, letter from Charles Baillairge to Hon. Jean Chabot, Quebec, 7 Jan. 1853. 2 These observations are based on general knowledge of building in Quebec City acquired through work as a team member for AJ.H. Richardson's work on Old Quebec for the Canadian Inventory of Historic Building from 1970 to 1975 and on a general impression acquired through reading Le Canadien from 1846 to 1860, inclusive. 3 Jean Hamelin and Yves Roby, Histoire economiaue du Quebec 1851-1896 (Montreal: Fides 1971), 77-84; Albert Faucher, Quebec en ameriaue au XIXe siecle: essai sur ks caracteres economiques de la laurentie (Montreal: Fides 1973), 70-2; Narcisse Rosa, La construction des navires a Quebec et ses environs, greves et naufrages (Quebec: Imprimerie Leger Brousseau 1897), 14 4 The drawing, showing two sections for the church, is illustrated in C. Baillairge arct. ing. dessins architecturaux (Quebec: Ministere des Affaires culturelles 1979) 19. The 1846 date seems to be erroneous since the drawing clearly belongs to a set dated 1847 and since the purchase of a site for the church did not occur until August 1846. Saint-JeanBaptiste de Quebec: album publie a I'occasion du 50e anniversaire de I'erection canoniaue de la paroisse et dujubile d'or de MgrJ.-E. Laberge, cure Quebec: Faction catholique 1936, 49. 5 Luc Noppen, "Le renouveau architectural propose par Thomas Baillairge au Quebec, de 1820 a 1850," doctoral thesis, Universite Toulouse-Le Mirail, 1976, 377. 6

Ibid., 379.

7 M.-A. Laugier, Essai sur I'architecture, reprint of 1755 e 38; Picturesque Quebec: A Sequel to Quebec Past and Present (Montreal: Dawson Brothers 1882), 245; Baillairge, Report of City Surveyor 1872-1873, 53. 36 Letter from Lord Dufferin to the Earl of Carnarvon, Ottawa, 21 Dec. 1874, cited in Dufferin-Carnarvon Correspondence 1874-1878, ed. C.W. de Kiewiet and F.H. Underbill (Toronto: Champlain Society 1955), 124-537 Achille Murphy, "Les projets d embellissements de la ville de Quebec proposes par Lord Dufferin en 1875," JCAH i, no. 2 (1974): 18-29; Christian Rioux, "Le depart de la garnison britannique de Quebec en 1872 et le sort des fortifications de 1871 a 1884, vus * travers les journaux," Travaux inedit numero 168 (Ottawa: Parks Canada 1974), 45-51; Christina Cameron, "Lord Dufferin, centre les goths et les vandales," Cap-aux-Diamants 2, no. 2 (1986): 39-41.

18?

38 NA, MG 26 A, vol. 79, 733, extract of a confidential memorandum from Lord Dufferin to the Marquis of Lome [Ottawa 1878]. 39 Qames Macpherson Lemoine], "Quebec Improvements - Lord DufFerin Plans for the Preservation of its Historic Monuments," Morning Chronicle, 25 Dec. 1875, n -P>; Lemoine, Quebec Past and Present, 325-42. 40

Lemoine, Quebec Past and Present, 341.

41 AVQ, conseils et comites, terrasse Dufferin (Durham), letter from Charles Baillairge to mayor of Quebec, Quebec, 31 Aug. 1895. 42 NA, RG ii, vol. 553, no. 79,445, letter from Charles Baillairge to John A. Macdonald, Quebec, 20 Jan. 1879. 43 NA, MG 26 A, vol. 79, 732-3, extract of memorandum from DufFerin to Lome [Ottawa 1878]. 44 Lemoine, Quebec Past and Present, 337; AVQ, conseil et comites, porte Saint-Jean, copies of plans of Quebec gates by William Lynn, Quebec, Sept. 1875; NA» NMC, RG IIM, 77803/39, plans of Quebec gates by William Lynn, n.p., n.d. ANQ, cartotheque, true copies by Charles Baillairge of William Lynn's drawings for Quebec gates, Quebec, 1878; NA, RG n, vol. 734, no. 57,635, Charles Baillairge transmits two copies of proposed DufFerin Improvements, Quebec, 4 March 1876; vol. 794, no. 34,537, letter from secretary of public works to Charles Braun acknowledging receipt of copies of plans and forwarding one copy to governor general, Ottawa, 22 March 1876. 45 Charles Baillairge, "Design of Kiosks on Dufferin Terrace, Quebec," CAB 13 (1900): 40. 46 AVQ, cartotheque, A-352.ii - (1878), plans for aquarium and restaurant on Dufferin Terrace by Charles Baillairge, Quebec [1878]; NA, RG 11, vol. 553, no. 79,445, newspaper report of Quebec City engineer contained in letter from Baillairge to Macdonald, Quebec, 14 Feb. 1879; Charles Baillairge, "A Proposed Aquarium under Dufferin Terrace, Quebec," CAB 13 (1900): 93; Charles Baillairge, "Un projet inoui: pourquoi ne pas installer un aquarium sous la terrasse," Le Soleil, 26 April 1900, 5; Charles Baillairge, A Summary of Papers read at different times before the Royal Society of Canada, the Canadian Association of Civil Engineers and Architects, and Literary, and Scientific Societies,

i88

NOTES TO PAGES 118-24

or which have appeared occasionally in scientific and other publications (Quebec: H. Chasse Printing [1903], 50-2. 47 ASQ, Universite 49, no. 107, invitation for laying of foundation stone of Dufferin Terrace, Quebec, 18 Oct. 1878; Lady Dufferin, My Canadian Journal 1872-1878, ed. Gladys Chantler Walker (Don Mills: Longmans Canada 1969), 312-13; Canadian Illustrated News, 21 June 1879, 385; 28 June 1879, 401.

a 1899, 67; "Quebec," CAB 3 (1890): 30. 58

"The Quebec City Hall," CAB 3 (1890):

134

59 Charles Baillairge, Instructions to Architects Submitting Competing Designs for the New City Hall Quebec [Quebec: E. Vincent 1889]), 1-15; AVQ, conseil et comites, hotel de ville (nouvel) (i), reports and estimates, Quebec, 1889-96. 60

CAB 3 (1890): 2.

48 Charles Baillairge, "Quebec in 1894," CAB 7 (1894): 16.

61

Ibid. 14.

62

"Quebec," CAB 3 (1890): 21.

49 David Karel, Luc Noppen, and Claude Thibault, Francois Baillairge et son oeuvre (1759-1830) (Quebec: le Groupe de recherche en art du Quebec de 1'Universite Laval et le Musee du Quebec 1975), 21-2, 25-6.

63

CAB 3 (1890): 15.

50 "Remarkable Occurrences - 1879," The Dominion Annual Register and Review for the Thirteenth Year of the Canadian Union, 1879, ed. Henry J. Morgan (Ottawa: Maclean, Roger and Co. 1880), 213; "The Viceregal Visit," Morning Chronicle, 12 June 1879, 3. 51 Lemoine, Quebec Past and Present, 340. 52 NA, RG n, vol. 553, no. 79,445, letter from Baillairge to Macdonald, Quebec, 20 Jan. 1879; no. 79,710, petition from city council of Quebec, Quebec, 18 Feb. 1879. 53 James Macpherson Lemoine, Historkal and Sporting Notes on Quebec and its Environs (Quebec: L.-J. Demers & Frere 1889), 31-2. 54 NA, RG n, vol. 737, no. 80,010, letter from Charles Baillairge applying for position of chief architect of dominion when vacant, Quebec, 26 March 1879. 55 ANQ, gr. Joseph Allaire, no. 3843, marche, City of Quebec-Georges Hudon, Quebec, n Sept. 1888; no. 6221, marche, City of Quebec-Barthelemi Leclerc, Quebec, i June 1894; Baillairge, Rapport de I'Ex-Ingenieur 1866 a 1899, 12. Baillairge did not give up his grandiose schemes. For the international meeting of the Societe SaintJean-Baptiste in 1880, he proposed an open air dinner on his beloved Dufferin Terrace for 10,000 persons. This banquet did not take place. H.-J.-J.-B. Chouinard, Fete nationale des canadiens-fran^ais celebree a Quebec en 1880 (Quebec: A. Cote et Cie 1881), 136. 56 Baillairge, Rapport de I'ingenieur 1890-91, 14-15. 57 Baillairge, Rapport de I'Ex-Ingenieur 1866

64 "Quebec City Hall Competition," CAB 3 (1890): 28. 65 AVQ, conseil et comites, hotel de ville (nouvel) (4), report of judges, Quebec, 31 Oct. 1890; "The Quebec City Hall," CAB 3 (1890): 134. 66 Victor Roy, "Quebec City Hall Competition," CAB 4 (1891): 55. 67 "The Quebec City Hall," CAB 3 (1890): 134; Roy, "Quebec City Hall Competition," CAB 4 (1891): 55; Luc Noppen et al., Quebec: trois siecles, 282. 68

CAB 4 (1891): 29.

69 The building contracts are found in the file of notary, Joseph Allaire, beginning in December 1894. Consult Danielle Blanchet and Sylvie Thivierge, Inventaire des marches de construction des actes notaries de la ville de Quebec, 1871-1899 in History and Archaeology/ Histoire et archeologie, 62 (Ottawa: Parks Canada 1983). 70 Baillairge, Rapport de I'Ex-Ingenieur 1866 a 1899, 67. 71 AVQ, conseil et comites, escaliers (i), report of road committee, Quebec, 4 April 1883. 72 6.

Baillairge, Quebec, passe, present, futur,

73 AVQ, conseil et comites, chemins de ferQuebec-Lac Saint-Jean (Quebec Lake StJohn Ry), reports by Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 1884-8. 74 Charles Baillairge, Rapport du Chevalier C. Baillairge, Ingenieur de la Cite de Quebec sur I'Amelioration de son Aqueduc (Quebec: Elzear Vincent 1881), 1-82; AVQ, conseil et comites, aqueduc (1884-6), letters from Charles Baillairge to mayor of Quebec, Quebec, 2 June, 7 July 1883.

75 ANQ, gr. Adolphe Guillet dit Tourangeau, no. 2654, contract, City of Quebec-Horace Janson Beemer, Quebec, 10 July 1883. 76 Charles Baillairge, Lettre au maire de Quebec (Quebec: n.p. 1884), 2; AVQ, conseil et comites, employes (2), claim for extra payment for aqueduct work from Charles Baillairge to mayor of Quebec, Quebec, 19 Nov. 1886; Baillairge, The Aqueduct, 4; Rapport de I'Ex-Ingenieur 1866 a 1899, 78. 77 F[ranc.ois] Langelier, Lettres sur ks affaires municipals de la Cite de Quebec (Quebec: Imprimerie de 1'Evenement 1868), 1578 AVQ, conseil et comites, employes (2), letter from Mayor Francois Langelier to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 8 June 1883: Vous n'etes pas assez poli pour les conseillers et pour le public. La politesse chez un officier public est une qualite qui fait passer d'immenses defauts, et que les plus solides qualites peuvent difficilement remplacer. Vous n'avez pas d'idee de 1'impopularite que vous jetez sur la corporation par des brusqueries et des mauvais precedes qui, je le sais, ne viennent pas d'un mauvais coeur. Un autre reproche que je vous ai souvent fait aussi, c'est que vous ne tenez pas assez de compte du conseil, qui est votre maitre apres tout. A plusieurs reprises vous avez suscite contre nous des mecontentements que j 'ai eu toutes les peines du monde a calmer, parce que vous faisiez le contraire de ce qu'avait decide le conseil ou quelques comites. Voila le mal que j'ai dit de vous, et que je vous repete franchement pour que vous en fassiez votre profit. Mais j 'ai toujours rendu justice a vos grandes connaissances et a vos rares habitudes de travail.

79 AVQ, conseil et comites, aqueduc (1884-6), letters from Baillairge to mayor, Quebec, 2 June, 7 July 1883. 80 Baillairge, The Aqueduct, 2; Baillairge, Report on completion of Beemer Contract, 16. 81 Lemoine, Historical and Sporting Notes, TI.

82 Baillairge, Rapport de I'Ex-Ingenieur 1866 a 1899, 8483 "L'Exposition," L'Opinion du Peuple, 15 Sept. 1871, n.p.; Canadian Patent Office Record YJ (1889): 146, 170.

84

Baillairge, A Summary of Papers, 33.

85

"Electro-Chromatic Revolving Foun-

NOTES TO PAGES 124-32

tain," CAB 10 (1897): 72. 86

Baillairge, A Summary of Papers, 33.

87 J.M. Richards, "A Tower for London," Architectural Review 88 (1940): 141-2. 88 Frank I. Jenkins, "Harbingers of Eiffel's Tower," jSAHi6, no. 4 (1957): 22. 89 Baillairge, A Summary of Papers, 52. Baillairge mentions his visit to Sydenham, the place where promoters reconstructed the dismantled Crystal Palace following the Great Exhibition of 1851. He had several volumes on the Great Exhibition in his personal library. 90 Charles Baillairge, Baillairge's London Eiffel Tower ([Quebec]: n.p. [1890]), 1-4. Estimated cost was $925,516 and weight 14,303 tons. 91 Jenkins, "Harbingers," 25. 92 Frederick Charles Lynde, ed., Descriptive Illustrated Catalogue of the Sixty-eight Designs for the Great Tower for London, compiled and edited by Fred. C. Lynde for the Tower Company, Limited (London: Industries 1890), 1-150. 93 Baillairge, A Summary of Papers, 33-4. 94 "Proposed Victoria Jubilee Tower for Quebec," €£5 (May 1897): n. 95 ANQ, P 0210/1, minute books and miscellaneous clippings for Quebec winter carnival, Quebec, beginning Nov. 1893. 96 ASQ, Seminaire 38, no. 95, letter from Charles Baillairge to Universite Laval sending sketches for proposed snow sculptures, Quebec, 30 Nov. 1895. 97 ASQ, Seminaire 38, no. 95, letter from Baillairge to Laval, Quebec, 30 Nov. 1895; "The Spiral Slide," CE 4 (May 1896): 15. 98 Baillairge, Rapport de I'Ex-Ingenieur 1866 a 1899, 20; Baillairge, A Summary of Papers, 67-8. 99

Baillairge, A Summary of Papers, 53.

donation from Louis-de-Gonzague Baillairge to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 10 May 1887. 102 Charlotte (Mrs Daniel) Macpherson, Old Memories: Amusing and Historical (Montreal: the author [1890]), 85. Charles Baillairge formalized the demolition by printing up signed certificates of authenticity dated 24 June 1891: "I hereby certify that each of the pieces of wood bearing the following inscription, 'portion of roof timber of house built some 233 years ago (demolished and rebuilt in 1890) in which the body of Gen. Montgomery of the U.S. Army was laid out 3ist Dec., 1775,' is a portion of the original roof timbers, of the house alluded to (Lafontaine collection)." 103 Baillairge et al., "Canadian Building Stones," CAB 3 (1890): 138. 104 Baillairge, "Some Novel Architectural Features," CAB 13 (1900): 40. 105 Charles Baillairge, Radeau de sauvetage Baillairge-Hurly ([Quebec: n.p. 1901]), 1-5; Charles Baillairge, The Baillairge, Hurly Safety Raft ([Quebec: n.p. 1901]), 1-5. 106 Charles Baillairge, A Paper read before the Royal Society of Canada and before the Can. Soc. of Civil Engineers on the Construction of an Indestructible Vessel for a Voyage to the North Pole and how to reach it (Quebec: Imprimerie Darveau [1903]), 1-17; Charles Baillairge, "A Vessel for North Polar Navigation and Discovery," CE 10 (1903): 40-1.

CHAPTER n 1 "Bibliography of C. Baillairge," Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada for the year 1894, & (^95): 6. 2 "Baillarge [sic], Chevalier Chas. P.P.," A Cyclopaedia of Canadian Biography being Chiefly Men of the Time, ed. Geo. Maclean Rose (Toronto: Rose Publishing Company 1888), 168. 3 NA, MG 24, B 2 (Papineau papers), vol. 4. 5881-2, printed letter from Charles Baillairge to Louis-Joseph Papineau seeking subscription to new treatise on geometry and including an announcement from Le Canadien, 5 Dec. 1859, Quebec, 30 Jan. 1860.

TOO ASQ, Seminaire 9, no. 3e, letter from priest at French Seminary in Rome to Tres Rev'd M.I.G. Legare, Quebec, 21 Feb. 1887; Lafontaine collection, correspondence from Charles Baillairge to Cardinal Taschereau, Quebec, 1886-7. The house was purchased in 1867. Lafontaine collection, copy of sale before notary B. Pouliot, Dominique Lemieux to Charles Baillairge, SaintMichel de Bellechasse, 23 March 1867.

4 Charles Baillairge, Nouveau trade de geometrie et de trigonometrie rectiligne et spherique, suivi du toise des surfaces et des volumes (Quebec: C. Darveau 1866), title page and p. in.

101 ANQ, Louis-Philippe Sirois, no. 75940,

5

Charles Baillairge, Papers Read Before the

189

Royal Society of Canada, 1882 & 1883 (Quebec: C. Darveau 1884), 17, 20. 6 "Literature," Quebec Mercury, 7 Jan. 1867, 2; "Book Notice," Ottawa Times, 18 Jan. 1867, 2; "Traite de geometrie," L'Echo du peuple, 7 March 1868, 2; NA, RG n, vol. 372, no. 84,234, letter from George-Frederic Baillairge to Frederick Braun, secretary of public works, recommending his brother's book on geometry and enclosing copies of favourable reviews, Ottawa, 31 Jan. 1867. This last appeal was successful, for the department purchased twenty copies of the treatise. NA, RG n, vol. 720, no. 84,714, receipt, Quebec, 4 March 1867. 7 "Literature," Quebec Mercury, 7 Jan. 1867, 2. One hundred years later, scholars re-evaluated the utility of Baillairge's geometry textbook. Without citing any proof, in an article in the Bulktin des recherches historiques, an unidentified author recognized that the book was the first of its kind produced in Canada but hypothesized that it was never used in the schools. "Le premier manuel de geometrie," BHS, 68 [1966]: 144. 8 "Mr. Baillairge's Lecture," Quebec Gazette, 22 March 1872, 2. 9 [Charles Baillairge], Prospectus of the Baillairge Stereometrical Tableau ([Quebec: n.p. 1872]), i. 10 Charles Baillairge, "Geometry, Mensuration and the Steretometrical Tableau," Transactions of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, new series, no. 9 (1871-2): 73. 11

Ibid., 100.

12

Ibid., 100-1.

13 "A 1'exposition," L'Evenement, 14 Sept. 1871, i. Baillairge's invention was also noted in "Ouverture de 1'exposition," Le Canadien, 13 Sept. 1871, 2. 14 NA, RG n, vol. 373, no. 20,441, letter from Charles Baillairge to Hector-L. Langevin, Quebec, 4 Dec. 1871. 15 ASQ, Universite 27, no. 693, letter from Mgr Jean Langevin to Mgr ThomasEtienne Hamel, Rimouski, 15 Nov. 1871. 16 ASQ, Journal SEM, vol. 2, 466, visit to Stereometrical Tableau of Mr Baillairge, Quebec, 27 Nov. 1871. 17 NA, RG 11, vol. 373, no, 20,441, letter from L.F. Napoleon Mainguy to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 25 Nov. 1871.

190

NOTES TO PAGES 132-6

18 AAR, registres, no. 187, copy of letter from Mgr Jean Langevin to Charles Baillairge, Rimouski, 3 Oct. 1872. 19 Charles Baillairge, Geometry, Mensuration and the Stereometrical Tableau, Lecture read before the Quebec Literary and Historical Society 20th March 1872 (Quebec: C. Darveau 1873), 29-44. 20 "Mr. Baillairge's Lecture," Quebec Gazette, 22 March 1872, 2. 21 "Literary and Historical Society," Quebec Daily Mercury, 21 March 1872, 2. 22 "Mr. Baillairge's Lecture, Quebec Gazette, 22 March 1872, 2. 23 "Baillairge's Stereometrical Tableau," Scientific American, i June 1872, 359. 24 MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, brevet d'invention de Paris no. 94081 from Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Paris, 19 April 1872. 25 Letter from Auguste Humbert to Charles Baillairge, Paris, i Aug. 1872, reprinted in Baillairge, Geometry, Mensuration and the Stereometrical Tableau, 40; MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, letter from H. Arnoux to Charles Baillairge naming him corresponding member of the Societe libre destruction et d'education populaire, Paris, 3 Oct. 1873. 26 ASQ, Manuscrit 759, 46, letter from Charles Baillairge to Nazaire Levasseur, Quebec, 4 Sept. 1872. 27 MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, diploma from exposition univetselk et international du Pavilion de I'Enfance, Paris, 4 Jan. 1874; letter from Auguste Humbert to Charles Baillairge, Paris, 6 Jan. 1874, reprinted in L'Evenement, 24 Jan. 1874, 228 Letters from Auguste Humbert to Charles Baillairge, Paris, 6 Jan. 1874, reprinted in L'Evenement, 24 Jan. 1874, 229 AVQ, conseil et comites, employes (2), report of finance committee, Quebec, 12 Feb. 1874; "Honneur a qui de droit," L'Evenement, 24 Jan. 1874, 2; "Faits divers; personnel," L'Evenement, 21 Feb. 1874, 230 Charles Baillairge, "Un projet inoui," Le Soleil, 26 April 1900, 5; Charles Baillairge, To the Jurors of the Educational Department of the Colonial Exhibition of London (Quebec: n.p. 1886), i; Charles Baillairge, A Summary of Papers read at different times before the Royal Society of Canada, the Canadian Association of Civil Engineers and Architects, and

Literary and Scientific Societies or which have appeared occasionally in scientific or other publications (Quebec: H. Chasse Printing [1903]), 52.

44 ANQ, P 1000/131, AP-P 81, diplomas of Charles Baillairge, Bordeaux, Paris, Quebec, Marseille, 1872-7.

31 "Nouveau dictionnaire francais de rimes et homonymes de M. Baillarge [sic]," Le Quotidien, 3 Nov. 1888, n.p.

45 Ibid.; ASQ, Manuscrit 759, 127, letter from Charles Baillairge to Nazaire Levasseur, Quebec, i May 1876.

32 "M. Chs. Baillairge a Paris," L'Evenement, 10 April 1874, 233 "Extract from a Paris Letter," Quebec Daily Mercury, 5 May 1874, 234 Charles Baillairge, Divers, ou les enseignements de la vie (Quebec: C. Darveau 1898), 536-7; Baillairge, A Summary of Papers, 44; Charles Baillairge, M. Le Redacteur du Journal "Paris Canada" (Quebec: n.p. 1887), i; David H. Pinkney, Napoleon III and the Rebuilding of Paris (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1958), 25-104. 35 Baillairge, A Summary of Papers, 20; Charles Baillairge, The Free and Liberal Ventilation of Sewers in its Relation to the Sanitation of our Dwellings (Quebec: C. Darveau 1892), 3. 36

Baillairge, Divers, 63.

37 Alphonse Jules Baillairge, Album du chateau de Blois restaure et des chateaux de Chambord, Chenonceaux, Chaumont et Amboise (Blois: A. Prevost 1851), 1-107. 38 The three engravings that Charles received from Alphonse Baillairge, two being views of Tours, one being a plate of technical drawings by Alphonse of the funeral monument from the church of 1'abbaye de Solesmes, have survived in his scrapbook. MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, n.d. Each has been inscribed by the executor of Alphonse Baillairge's estate: "A monsieur Baillairge architecte a Quebec, Souvenir de son parent. A.J. Baillairge decede a Tours le 26 fevrier 1882. G. Marquelez." 39 ASQ, Manuscrit 759, 86, letter from Charles Baillairge to Nazaire Levasseur, Quebec, 8 Aug. 1874. 40 Charles Baillairge, 20 ans apres: Le Club des 21 en 1879 ([Quebec]: n.p. [1899]), 1-12. 41 [Charles Baillairge], London Colonial Exhibition 1886: Canadian Educational Exhibit. Solid Geometry Made Easy: The Baillairge Stereometricon ([Quebec]: n.p. 1886), i. 42 MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, letter from George D. Fuchs to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 13 May 1874.

43

Ibid., "Monsieur le Comte," n.p., n.d.

46 MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, n.p., letter from J. Perrault to Charles Baillairge, Philadelphia, 2 Aug. 1876. 47 ANQ, P, 1000/131, AP-P 81, diplomas of Charles Baillairge, Bordeaux, Paris, Quebec, Marseille, 1872-7. 48 Ibid.; MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, "Monsieur le Comte," n.p., n.d. 49 ANQ, P 1000/131, AP-P 81, diplomas of Charles Baillairge, Bordeaux, Paris, Quebec, Marseille, 1872-7. 50 MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, "Monsieur le Comte," n.p., n.d. 51 Thomas C. Keefer, Paris Universal Exhibition, 1878: Report for the Canadian Commission (Ottawa: Maclean, Roger & Co. 1881), 36. 52 MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, n.p. 53 Charles Baillairge, [Suggestion aux geometres a propos d'une nouvelle edition d'Euclide], Memoire lu par I'auteur, C. Baillairge, devant la Societe Royale du Canada, durant sa seance de mai 1888 ([Quebec]: n.p. [1888]), 7. 54 Charles Baillairge, Clefdu tableau stereometriaue Baillairge (Quebec: C. Darveau 1874), IV> XXHI, xxvn; "Baillarge [sic], Chevalier Chas. P.P.," A Cyclopaedia of Canadian Biography, 168. 55 ASQ, Manuscrit 759, 151, letter from Charles Baillairge to Nazaire Levasseur concerning lecture on geometry, Quebec, 28 Feb. 1877; Universite 48, no. 61, letter from Charles Baillairge to Louis Turcotte concerning lecture on geometry, Quebec, 2 Jan. 1878; Charles Baillairge, The Stereometricon-Originator: C. Baillarge, [sic]M.S. ... Promoter: Thomas Whitty (Montreal: John Lovell & Son 1880), 1-38; [Baillairge], London Colonial Exhibition 1886, 1-12. 56 Charles Baillairge, To the Jurors of the Educational Department of the Colonial Exhibition of London (Quebec: n.p. 1886), i. 57 "Charles Baillairge," Rivista Universal, 10 (Feb. 1878): n.p.; MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, "Monsieur le Comte," n.d., n.p.

NOTES TO PAGES 136-41

58 "Charles Baillairge," L'Opinion publiaue, 25 April 1878, 194: II a fait une decouverte dans une science ou il semble que le genie de ITiomme ne pouvait pas aller plus loin: il a trouve le secret de mesurer tous les corps par une seule et meme formule. Son tableau stereometrique est un chef-d'oeuvre qui le place au premier rang parmi les savants du monde entier ... Il est assez curieux que les savants d'Europe soient devances par un Canadien-franc.ais dans une science si peu cultivee parmi nous. C'est un honneur pour lui et pour son pays. 59 MQ, cahier Charles Baillairge, diploma of Charles Baillairge for the Canadian Academy of Arts, Toronto [1880]; NA, MG 28, i 126, vol. 12, catalogue of 1880 exhibition of Canadian Academy of Arts, n.p. 1880, no. 380. 60 NA, MG 28, i 126, vol. i, minutes of the Canadian Academy of Arts, 1880-95, n8, meeting of council, Toronto, 15 May 1885. I am grateful to Evelyn McMann of Vancouver for information about the early years of the Royal Canadian Academy. 61 Baillairge, Papers Read Before the Royal Society, 3-5; Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada for the Year 1882, vol. i (Montreal: Dawson Brothers 1883), xvmXIX

62 Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, ist ser., vols. 1-12 (Montreal: Dawson Brothers 1883-94); 2nd ser., vols. 1-12 (Ottawa: James Hope & Company 1895-1906). Baillairge gave the following papers: 1882 meeting "Utility of Geometry as applied to the Arts and Sciences" 1883 meeting "Hints to Geometers for a New Edition of Euclid" "Simplified Solutions of Two of the More Difficult Cases in the Parting-ofF or Dividing of Land; also a Case in Hydrographical Surveying" "Le toise des surfaces des triangles et polygones spheriques sous un rayon ou diametre quelconque" 1884 meeting "A Particular Case of Hydraulic-Ram or Water-Hammer" "On the Form of the Contracted Liquid Vein affecting the Present Theory of the Science of Hydraulics" [by Rene Steckel, read by Baillairge]

188$ meeting "Concernant la theorie de M. Steckel sur la veine liquide contractee" [read in absentia] 1887 meeting "A Practical Solution of the Great Social and Humanitarian Problem, Escape from Buildings in Case of Fire" 1888 meeting "Elements de geometric" 1891 meeting "An Attempt at Deducing the Pressure under which a Steam Boiler Explodes from the Dynamic Effects Produced by the Explosion" "A Paper Relating to the Steam Boiler Explosion at Sillery, near Quebec" 1892 meeting "The Free and Liberal Ventilation of Sewers in its Relation to the Sanitation of our Dwellings" 1894 meeting "Technical Education of the People in Un technical Language" 1897 meeting 'How Best to Learn to Speak or Teach a Language: Better because Easier - Easier for Being Quicker" "The Abstract and Concrete in Education: The Word, the Image, the Reality" 1899 meeting "La Societe de Geographic de Quebec" "Le grec - le latin: Leur utilite pour apprecier la signification des mots actuels de la langue, et dans la composition de nouveaux mots" "La vie, 1'evolution, le materialisme" "L'antiquite de la terre et de I'homme" 1902 meeting "An Introduction to the Author's Forthcoming Volume on the Origin, Signification, Translation, Classification and Etymology of Proper Names" 1903 meeting "The North Pole of the Earth" 63 Charles Baillairge, Educational: Word Lessons (Quebec: C. Darveau [1899]), 3, 4, 12, 15. 64 Charles Baillairge, Nouveau dictionnaire franfais: systeme "educationnel", rimes, consonnances, homonymes, decomposition des mots, combinaisons variees de leurs elements et equivalents, jeux de mots (Quebec: C. Darveau 1888), xxx. 65 [Charles Baillairge, ed.], Dictionnaire des homonymes par Charles Baillairge: appreciations (Joliette: Imprimerie de 1'etudiant et du

191

couvent 1889), 1-4.

CHAPTER 12 1 ANQ, P 1000/131, address of students from Quebec School of Arts and Trade to Charles Baillairge, Quebec, 18 April 1872. 2 "Generosite," Le Journal de Quebec, 17 Feb. 1880, 2: "Initie de bonne heure a 1'etude des styles divers qui se partagent le domaine de l'ornementation, a la majestueuse simplicite de 1'antique, aux legeres et delicates arabesques du moyen-age aux riches et elegantes decorations de la renaissance, il [the artisan] sait en faire de nombreuses applications ou en faire naitre des combinaisons multiples, qui s'appuient constamment sur les principes reconnus par I'homme de 1'art." 3 Charles Baillairge, "Rapport sur 1'etat actuel de 1'art de batir dans la Province de Quebec et des moyens a prendre pour y remedier," in H.-J.-J.-B. Chouinard, Fete rationale des canadiens-franc.ais celebree a Quebec en 1880 (Quebec: A. Cote et Cie 1881), 413, 429-36. 4 Charles Baillairge, "On the Necessity of a School of Arts for the Dominion," Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers i, no. 2 (1887): 68-76. 5

Ibid., 69, 73.

6 NA, RG 4, B 28, vol. 134, no. 1216, bond of Charles Baillairge to Her Majesty, Quebec, 14 July 1848. Although surveyors had worked in Quebec since the seventeenth century, known under a variety of titles including arpenteur, arpenteur-royal, arpenteur-jure, and arpenteur-provincial, the profession was reorganized under the Act of Union in 1841, at which time the title provincial land survey or PLS was created. AVQ, dossier exposition Charles Baillairge, text entitled "au fils des ans" appended to a letter from J. Roland Pelletier, a.g., to Ginette Noel, Sainte-Foy, 14

Nov. 1979. 7 Charles Baillairge, Bilan de M. Baillairge, comme Architecte, Ingenieur, Arpenteur - Geometre, durant les 21 ans, avant d'entrer au service de la Cite - es-qualite d'Ingenieur des Fonts et Chaussees, ou de 184$ a 1866. Puis - entre heures - de 1866 a 1899, mais non compris les Travaux Civiques relates dans un rapport supplemental ([Quebec]: n.p. [1899]), iii; "Ages and other Data Respecting Living Canadian Public Men," The Dominion Annual Register and Review for the Eighteenth Year of the Canadian

192

NOTES TO PAGES 141-5

Union, 1884, ed. Henry J. Morgan (Toronto: Hunter, Rose and Company 1885), 382.

archives. AVQ, conseil et comites, architectes [association des], Montreal, 1897.

8 "Association of Architects, Civil Engineers and P.L. Surveyors of the Province of Canada, "Journal of the Board of Arts and Manufactures for Upper Canada i (1861): 14.

18 CAB 4 (1891): 89; "Province of Quebec Association of Architects," CAB 5 (1892): 96;

9 Quebec (Province), Statuts, 45 Vic., ch. 16, Acte concernant les arpenteurs de la province de Quebec et les arpentages, 27 May 1882; AVQ, dossier exposition Charles Baillairge, "au fil des ans," Sainte-Foy, 14 Nov. 1979. 10 Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, 2 (1888): 14; 5 (1891): 27. 11 Charles Baillairge, "The Boston Gas Works," CE? (April 1900): 313-14, 324; Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers 15 (1901): n.p.; 21 (1907): 13. On his return to Quebec, Baillairge collected five photographs of his architectural works, including the Quebec Music Hall, proposed Parliament Buildings, a kiosk and bandshell on DurTerin Terrace, and 3, ruelle des Ursulines, and sent them with his compliments and a few descriptive notes to the Boston Public Library. They are still in the library. 12 "Charles Baillairge, C.P.E., M.A., F.R.S.C. etc.," CE 2 (May 1894): 16-17; C£3 (May 1895): n; "The Ball-Nozzle Fire Jet," C£3 (Aug. 1895): 96-7; "The Ball Nozzle," CE 4 (May 1896): 20; "The Spiral Slide," CE4 (May 1896): 15-16; "Proposed Victoria Jubilee Tower for Quebec," C£5 (May 1897): 11-12. 13

CAB 2 (1889): 19-20; CAB 3 (1890): 112.

The Ontario Association of Architects grew out of the Architectural Guild of Toronto. 1889. 14 "Organization of the Province of Quebec Association of Architects," CAB 3 (1890): 112. 15 "Province of Quebec Association of Architects," CAB 4 (1891): 24; "An Act to Incorporate the Province of Quebec Association of Architects," CAB 4 (1891): 35. 16 "Organizations of the Province of Quebec Association of Architects," CAB 3 (1890): 115-16. 17 Ibid., 114; CAB 6 (1893): 99; CAB 7 (1894): 121; CAB 8 (1895): 118-19; CAB 9 (1896): i; CAB 10 (1897): 105; CAB ii (1898): i. There is a file of letters from the secretary of the Province of Quebec Association of Architects to Charles Baillairge in the municipal

CAB 6 (1893): 104; CAB 8 (1895): 13, 145; CAB 9

(1896): 56, 196; CAB 10 (1897): 210; "Examination Papers, Ontario and Quebec Associations of Architects," CAB 4 (1891): 92. 19 "Province of Quebec Association of Architects," CAB 5 (1892): 97; Charles Baillairge, "A Plea for a Canadian School of Architecture," CAB 6 (1893): 105-8; Charles Baillairge, "Foundations in Deep and Unreliable Soils," CAB 7 (1894): 128-30; Charles Baillairge, "A Quick and Easy Way of Getting at the Weight of Iron Scantlings, Girders, Columns, etc.," CAB 7 (1894): 154-5; Charles Baillairge, "On the Bearing and Resisting Strength of Structures and that of their Component Parts and Materials," CAB 8 (1895): 122-4; CAB 8 (1895): 119. 20 "Province of Quebec Association of Architects," CAB 5 (1892): 96; CAB 17 (1904):

4421 "Province of Quebec Association of Architects," CAB 4 (1891): 91. 22 "Funerailles de M. Chs. Baillarge [sic]," Le Soleil, 12 May 1906, 16. 23 Outlooker, "Canadian Architects," CAB I (1888): 3. 24 CAB 3 (1890): opp. 78; "Canadian City Engineers: ii: Mr. Charles Baillairge," CAB 4 (1891): 107; CAB 7 (1894): 123. 25 CAB 5 (1892): 56; 8 (1895): 43, 115; 10 (1897): 156; 12 (1899): 115; 16 (1903): 107. 26

"Personal," CAB 8 (1895): 81.

27 "The Necessity for Proper Fire Escapes for Public Buildings," CAB 14 (1901): 3-4; NA, MG 26 G, vol. 184, 52345-53, letter from Charles Baillairge to Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier concerning legislation for fire safety and enclosing Baillairge s printed pamphlet, Quebec, rojan. 1901; "ElectroChromatic Revolving Fountain," CAB 10 (1897): 72; "Exhibits for the Paris Exposition," CAB 12 (1899): 128. Baillairge exhibited plans, models, and descriptions of some of his inventions in the Paris Exhibition of looo, including his fire escape system, his Quebec bridge proposal, and diverse towers, fountains, slides, and monuments. The three posters or exhibits have survived in the municipal archives in

Quebec. 29 The complete guest list was published in two local papers: "Architects at Dinner," Chronicle, i Jan. 1901, 5; "Diner finde-siecle," L'Evenement, 2 Jan. 1901, 2. It comprised Sir Wilfrid Laurier (prime minister of Canada), Sir Alphonse Pelletier, Sir Sandford Fleming (Ottawa engineer for CPR), T.C. Keefer (Ottawa engineer), Mgr J.C.K. Laflamme (Laval University mathematician), Hon. C. Fitzpatrick, Hon. Mr. Duffy, Hon. Mr. Turgeon, Hon. Israel Tarte (federal minister of public works responsible for exposing the Langevin-McGreevy scandal), Hon. Mr. Dechene, Hon. Jules Tessier, T.C. Gasgrain, Lt-Col. Oscar Pelletier, Lt-Col. E.F. Pinault, Lt-Col. Thos Roy, Lt-Col. Forrest, LJ. Cannon (assistant attorney general and relative), Capt. F. Pennee, Capt. Leonce Stein (relative), Georges Tanguay (Quebec member of parliament), Oneziphore Talbot (Quebec member of parliament), Albert Malouin (Quebec member of parliament), Amedee Robitaille (Quebec member of parliament), Rodolphe Roy (Quebec member of parliament), Joseph Archer (builder), Sir J.G. Bourinot (senator), C.E. Roy (alderman), Mr Evans (electrical engineer), E.A. Hoare (engineer of Quebec City bridge), Georges-Emile Tanguay (president of the Province of Quebec Association of Architects), Joseph-Ferdinand Peachy (architect and former partner), Rene-P. Lemay (architect), Dussault (architect), Franc.ois-Xavier Berlinguet (architect), Eugene Talbot (architect), Raymond (architect), Buissiere (architect), David Ouellette (architect), Eugene-Etienne Tache (architect), Joseph Ouellette (architect), Pageau (architect), Harry Staveley (architect), Resther (architect), Major Nazaire Levasseur (consul of Brazil, editor of L'Evenement, and personal friend), Ovide Frechette (consul of Spain), Mr. Hoecher (consul of Germany), J.A. Charlebois (contractor), M.P. Davis (contractor), H.J. Beemer (contractor who did Quebec aqueduct and Lake Saint John Railway), Frangois Parent (contractor), J.U. Gregory (agent of marine and fisheries), Dr Edwin Turcot, Dr Ahern, Dr Marois, Dr Brousseau, Dr Hamel, Dr Grondin, Dr Beaupre, Dr Simard, Dr Dionne, Louis Frechette (writer), Mr Prefontaine (mayor of Montreal), Dr Roy (MRSC), Ludovic Brunei, Hon. EJ. Flynn, Mr DeCazes, F. Legendre (MRSC), L.Z. Joncas, P.B. Dumoulin, Judge

NOTES TO PAGES 145-52

Routhier, Judge Langelier, Judge Lemieux, Judge Chauveau, Hon. Chs. Langelier, and Judge C. Pelletier; the following were engineers, Cooper, Clea Walbank, Hobson (Victoria bridge), Felix Turcotte, Col. Anderson (Ottawa), Robert Surtees (Ottawa city engineer), Mountain (Ottawa), Steckel (Ottawa engineer and partner with Baillairge in bid for heating contract for Ottawa buildings), Kennedy, Bovey, McLeod, Jennings, Keating, Henning, T. Berlinguet, Bignell, Boswell, Gauvin, Stein, Gallagher, Roy, Brown, Girard, Russell, Pigot, Gosselin, Oliver, L.A. Vallee, H. O'Sullivan, de Puyjalous; Senator P.B. Casgrain, Hon. M. Ouimet (former minister of public instruction who promoted the Stereometrical Tableau), Dr Arthur Simard, Rev. Abbe Mathieu, Filion, Dr Catellier, Dr Stewart, Hon. T. Chapais, J.C.L. Lafrance (city treasurer), Frank Carrel (publisher), L.-J. Demers (publisher), Chs. DeGuise, Ernest Pacaud, Cinq-Mars, E. Chouinard, T.W.S. Dunn, T. Levasseur, H. Chasse, Fergus Murphy (lawyer), J.I. Lavery (lawyer), Joseph Lemieux, Edward Archer (builder), Adolphe Stein (relative), S.H. Townsend (relative), G. DeLery, Joncas, Adolphe Tourangeau (notary), Dr L. Bacon, and Wilson Baillairge (son). 30 "Diner fm-de-siecle," L'Evenement, 2 Jan. 1901, 2; "Welcoming the New Century," CAB 14 (1901): 5. 31 "Architects at Dinner," Chronicle, i Jan. 1901, 5. 32 "Diner fm-de-siecle," L'Evenement, 2 Jan. 1901, 2.

CONCLUSION 1 Charles Baillairge, Rapport de I'Ex-Ingenieur de la Cite des travaux fails sous le Maire, Hon. S.N. Parent et le Conseil-de-Ville actuels et sous leurs predecesseurs durant le dernier tiers de Siecle: 1866 a 1899 (Quebec: C. Darveau [1899]), 50. "Votre ex-ingenieur croit ... qu'il a 1'intuition de bonnes et belles choses; mais peut-etre moins de talent de les concevoir lui-meme que d'en juger lorsqu'elles sont projetees par d'autres." 2 "Mr. Charles P. Baillairge," CAB 19 (1906): 66. 3 A.J.H. Richardson, Genevieve Bastien, Doris Dube, and Marthe Lacombe, Quebec City: Architects, Artisans and Builders (Ottawa: National Museum of Man 1984), 5r7-

4

Ibid., 450-4.

5

Ibid., 525-6.

6 "Mort de M. Charles Baillarge [sic]," L'Evenement, n May 1906, 5. 7 "Aged Citizen Dead: Mr. Charles Baillairge, F.R.S.C., late City Engineer, Passes Away," Quebec Chronicle, n May 1906, 5; "Death of Chevalier Baillairge," Quebec Telegraph, n May 1906; n.p.; "Deceased Members," Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 12, 2nd ser. (1906): viii-ix; "Feu M.C. Baillairge: 1'ancien ingenieur de la cite meurt a 1 'age avance de quatre-vingts ans," Le Soleil, n May 1906, i; "Funerailles de M. Chs. Baillarge [sic]," Le Soleil, 12 May 1906, 16; "Obituary of Charles P. Baillairge," Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers 21 (1907): 13; "Regret Expressed by Association of Architects at Death of Chevalier Baillairge," Quebec Chronicle, 12 May 1906, 6; "The Late Chevalier," Quebec Chronicle, 14 May 1906, 6. 8 "Funerailles de M. Chs. Baillarge [sic]," Le Soleil, 12 May 1906, 16.

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Index

Academic Christophe Colomb 136 Academic commerciale des freres 139 Academic des palmiers 137 Academic ethnographique de la Gironde 136 Academic royale de Peinture et de Sculpture 4 Academic royale d'architecture 4 Adam, Robert 35, fig. 35 Adamson, Agar 180 chy nz Adonis 135

Ahearn, Dr 192 029 Alberti 13 Alleyn, Hon. Charles 40, 103, 185 1165 Alvanez 135 Amiot, Louis 180 m6 Anderson, Col. 193 n29 Anderson, W.H. 40 Andrews, Thomas 177 1126 Archer, Edward 1931129 Archer, Joseph 178 n4i, 180 ni6, 192 n29 Arnoldi, King, fig. 132 Arnot, David Henry 7, 24 Arnoux, H. 190 n25 Association de la chambre de lecture de Saint-Roch 18, 130, 174 n30 Association des amateurs des arts et metiers 136 Association of Architects, Civil Engineers and Provincial Land Surveyors of Canada 140, 141,186 n9, 192 n8 Athens: Parthenon (temple of Minerva) 43 Audet, Jean xiv Aylmer: convent 109 Baby, Francois 185 n65 Bachelor's Ball (1853) 45 Bacon, Francis 152 Bacon, Dr L. 193 n29 Badger, Daniel 62, 179 ni3 Baillairge, Alphonse Jules 135, 190 nn37-8 Baillairge, Ann xix Baillairge, Charles, architectural library xix, xx, 6-7, 13, 22, 33-4, 55, 158-62, fig. 5, 87,138 Baillairge, Euphemie xix, 158 Baillairge, Francois (architect and sculptor) xviii, 4-7, 16, 20, 71, 119, 150, 171 intro n6, 172 nn6-9, 172 ni2, 172 n26, 177 n9, 188 n49 Baillairge, Frangois (plasterer) 176 n29 Baillairge, George-Frederic xviii, xix, 7-8, ii, 76, 119, 152, 171 intro n5, 171 intro n8, 171 chi m, 171 chi nn3-6, 172 nni2-i3, 173 n30,

173 n40,173 n42, 177 n9, 180 n9, 186 mo, 189 n6 Baillairge, Jean xvii, xviii, 3-4, 20, 171 intro nn5-6,171 chi n3,171 chi n6 Baillairge, Louis-de-Gonzague n, 28, 65, 127, 189 moi Baillairge, Marie-Anne 3 Baillairge, Naomi 157, 172 n8 Baillairge, Pierre-Florent 3,171 intro n6,171 chi n3, 172 n6 Baillairge, Theophile 3-6, 10, n, 112, rji chi ni, 172 ni3, 173 n36, 173 n38, 186 mo Baillairge, Thomas xviii, xix, 3-11, 14-16, 18-25, 28, 32, 37, 71, 73, 76, 108, no, 139, 146-7,150, 158,171 intro n6,172 nn, 172 ni2,172 11026-7, r74 ni6, 174 n27, 175 n5, 175 ni4, 175 n25, 177 n9, figs. 3-4, 6-7, 19, 20, 24 Baillairge, William-Duval 152 Baillairge, Wilson 193 n29 Baillairge & Fortin 17 Baillairge & Peachy 107-9, J49 Baillairge Hurly Safety Raft 128, 151,189 ni05 Baillairge's Marine Revolving Steam Express 17, 151, 174 1126 Baillargeon, Mgr 24, 27, 74, 175 nr7, 180 ch6 n3,180 ni7 Baillargeon, Dr Pierre 28-30, 109 Ball, Norman xv Barbeau, Dr Marius xix, xx, 157-8, 171 intro n6, 171 chi n6, 174 ni6, 175 ni4 Barnard, Henry 7 Barott, Ernest Isbell 171 intro n2 Barrett, Anthony 171 intro 112 Bastien, Genevieve G. xxi, 171 ni2, 173 nn37-8, 173 n4,175 n29, 176 1103-6, 177 nj, 178 047, 180 ch6 n6, 182 n6, 183 n43, 193 n3 Beaudry, Joseph 143 Beauport: church 14, 16, 19, 23-5, 27-8, 37, 92, no, 146, 148, figs. 17,18 Beaupre, Dr 192 n29 Bedard, Elzear 176 n42 Beemer, Horace Janson 123-4, J88 n75, 192 029 Begley, Thomas A. 76, 83, 86, 173 1131, 176 1145, 1771124-5, 180 mi, 181 ni2, 181 ni5, 181 nnr7-i8, 181 n25, 182 n7 Belanger, Ambroise 186 n73 Belanger, Frederic 174 ni8, 174 n20 Bellona 65, fig. 102 Benjamin, Asher 177 ni4

Benjamin, Henry 30, 46 Bergeron, Claude xv Berlinguet, Frangois-Xavier 108, 126, 142, 180 ni6, 192 1129 Berlinguet, Louis-Thomas n Berlinguet, T. 193 n29 Bernard 74, 180 nr7 Bernier 145, 152 Berube, Leo xiv Betts 173 n34 Bignell 193 n29 Bilodeau, Louis 28, 31-2, 46, 176 nn32~4, 176 042 Blaiklock, F.W., fig. 141 Blaiklock, George 8, 175 nn29~30 Blaiklock, Henry Musgrave 8, 33 Blair, Hon. F. 186 n70 Blanchet, Danielle xxi, 188 n69 Blondel, Jacques-Francois 4, 7, 9, 10, 23, 172 n27, 175 ni5 Board of Prison Inspectors 87-8, 90-1,182 n29, 183 n38, figs. 126-7 Board of Works xiv, xviii, 75-8 Bogardus, James 62, 179 nq Bond, Courtney CJ. 183 ni Bordeleau, Soeur Huguette xiv, 186 n74 Borgnis, J.-A. 7 Boston Prison Discipline Society 89 Boswell, Joseph Knight 186 n75, 193 n29 Boucher, Soeur Marcelle xiv Bourgeau, Victor 96,171 intro nz Bourget 122 Bourinot, Sir J.G. 192 029 Bourret, Hon. 180 ch7 mo Bovey 193 1129 Bowes, John 101, 103, 184 nn3O-i, 184 n33, 185 «45, fig- Q2 Brandon, Raphael, and J. Arthur 7, 24 Braun, Charles 187 n44 Braun, Frederick 185 11043-4, 185 nn46-7, 185 n52, 187 n23, 189 n6 Breton, Joseph & Frere 108, 180 ni6 Brewer, Marie 152 Brighton: Royal Pavilion and aquarium 134 Brongniart, A.-T. 85 Brosseau, Mathilde 175 m8, 180 ch6 n6, 183 ni Brousseau, Dr 192 1129 Brown 193 029 Browne, George 8, 10, 14, 33, 40, 77, in, 147-8, 171 intro n2, 176 n30, 176 n6, figs, i, 9

ip6

INDEX

Browne, Goodlatte Richardson 40, 59, 61, 71, 148, 175 n23, 176 n6, 181 nji Browne & Lecourt 40, 46, 48, 71, 119-20, figs. 45, 64 Brunet, Ludovic 192 n29 Bruyere, Mere Elisabeth 186 n74 Buchotte 7 Bussiere 192 n29 Burton, C. 125 Callicrates 43 Calvet, Alain xiv Cameron, Christina xxi, 171 intro nj, 171 ni2, 172 n26, 173 n37, 173 n4, 176 n37, 176 n40, 176 n3, 178 1142, 180 ch6 n6, 182 n6, 183 ni, 187 n37 Cameron, John H. 103 Campbell, Archibald 40-1 Canadian Academy of Arts 136, 151, 191 nn59-6o Canadian Society of Civil Engineers xxii, 140-1, fig. 175 Cannissie 56 Cannon 122 Cannon, John 172 n26 Cannon, L.J. 192 1129 Canterbury: cathedral 71 Cap Rouge: "Ravenswood" 36-7, figs. 42-3 Carey, Brian xiv Carnarvon, Earl of 116, 187 n36 Caron, Rene-Edouard 28, 36, 65-6 Caron, Robert xix, xx, 25, 175 nn2i-2, 175 n25, 181 n20 Carrel, Frank 193 n29 Casault, Abbe Louis-Jacques 59, 61, 174 ni2, 178 nn6-7 Casgrain, P.B. 193 029 Casgrain, T.C. 192 n29 Catellier, Dr 193 n29 Cauchon, Hon. Joseph 65, 95-6, 106, 112,184 n8, 185 n58, 185 n6s Cavanagh, Miles 176 1129 Cazeau, Mgr Charles-Felix, fig. 143 Chabot, Hon. Jean 65, 77-8, 80-2, 171 intro n7, 172 ni8, 172 nn2i-2, 172 nn24~5, 173 n28, 173 n3i, 173 n43, 174 ni8, 174 nn22~3, 175 ni, 178 n62, 181 nni2-i3, 181 n28, 181 n32 Chambers, R. 119 Chapais, Hon. J.C. 101, 103-6, 185 1149, 185 1151, 185 n59, 193 n29 Charest, Elzear 121 Charlebois, J.A. 192 n29 Chartre, Zephirin 18, 49, 50, 62, 109 Chasse, H. 193 n29 Chateau a la Roche-du-Veau 55-6, fig. 87 Chateauvert, Pierre 15, 174 ni4, 181 ni8 Chauveau, P.-J.-O. 65, 135, 193 n29 Cherry Hill: Eastern Penitentiary 89

Chiasson, Diane xiv Chicago: drainage canal 144 Chinic, Eugene 55, 178 n56 Chouinard 122 Chouinard, E. 193 1129 Chouinard, H.-J.-J.-B. 179 n24, 179 n26, 179 n29, 188 n55, 191 n3 Chouinard, Julian 64 cimetiere Belmont 72, 180 ni2 cimetiere Saint-Charles 72, 109, 152, 180 ni2 Cinq-Mars 193 029 Clark, Edwin 124 Clerk, Nathalie xiv Club des 21135 Cockerell, C.R. 85 Colvin, Howard 176 n4 Condit, Carl W. 62, 179 nni2-i4 Cooper 193 n29 Council of Public Instruction 132-3 Cousin, Paul 114, 187 n2i Cresy, Edward 7 Crook, J. Mordaunt 85, 182 ni6 Cumberland, Frederick 102, 106 Davis, P. 192 n29 DeBlois, heirs 28, 30 DeCazes, E 192 n29 Dechene, Hon. 192 n29 DeFoy, Francois 28 DeGuise, Charles 193 n29 de Laval, Mgr 114 De Lery, G. 193 n29 de 1'Orme, Philibert 4, 7, 173 1127 Demers, Abbe Jerome xix, 4-5, 9, 21-3, no, 171 intro mo, 172 mo, 175 ni5 Demers, L.-J. 193 n29 De Pages, Madame la Baronne 134 Department of Public Works xiv, xviii, xxiii, 7, 75-107, 114, 119, 131, 149 de Premio Real, Comte 135 de Puyjalous 193 n29 Derome 187 021 de Salaberry, Col. 65 de Sales Laterriere 65 Desbarats, George 67 Desilets, Andree 185 n62 De Varennes, Ferdinand, fig. 172 Dionne, Amable 178 n57 Dionne, Caroline 55 Dionne, Dr 192 n29 Dionne, Pascal-Amable 55, 178 n57 Dionne, Soeur Annette xiv Dorion, Isaac 175 n29, 176 n3o, 176 n39, 178 1146, 178 n56, 180 ni6, 186 n75 Drolet, Antonio 173 n37 Drolet, Charles 178 n44 Drouin, Georges xiv Dube, Doris Drolet xxi, 171 intro ni2, 172

n6, 173 n37, 173 n4, 176 n3, 176 n6, 180 ch6 n6, 182 n6, 193 n3 Dube, Philippe xvii DufFerin, Lady 188 n47 DufFerin, Lord 116-19, X35» 187 nn36-9, 187 n43 Duffy 192 n29 Dumoulin, P.B. 192 n29 Dunn, T.W.S. 193 n29 Dupain de Montesson 7 Durand, Jean Nicolas Louis 23, 148, 175 n8, 194 n27 Dussault 192 029 Duval, Charles Jerome Alphonse 7

Ecclesiologists 24 Einarson, Neil 171 intro n2 Electro-Chromatic Revolving Fountain 124-5, ^P. J89 n85, fig. 161 Ellis, Thomas 88 Elmes, Harvey Lonsdale 85 Ely: cathedral 71 Euclid 130, 191 n62 Evans 192 n29 Evanturel, Francois 135, 175 n29 Fairbairn, William 7 Faribault, G.-B. 65 Fargues, Rev. 61, 179 ni6 Faucher, Albert 175 n3 Faussurier, Annik xxi Felibien, Andre 7 Fergusson, James 7, 24 Ferrerio, Pietro 7 Filion 193 n29 Fiset, Louis n, 135 Fitzpatrick, Hon. C. 192 n29 Fleming, Sir Sandford 192 n29 Flynn, Hon E.J. 192 1129 Footner, William 10 Forrest, Lt-Col. 192 n29 Fortin, Baillairge & 17 Foulke, William Parker 7, 183 n37 Foulston, John 7, 46, 177 ni4, fig. 57 Fournier, Thomas 180 ni6 Franklyn, Dorothy xiv Frechette, Louis-Honore 135, 192 n29 Frechette, Ovide 192 n29 Fuchs, George D. 190 1142 Fuller, Thomas 95-100, 103, 171 intro n2, 184 nq, 184 ni9, 184 n20, 184 n30, 184 n35, fig. 132 Fuller and Jones 94 Gaboury, Edouard 179 n2 Gagne, Abbe Armand xiv Gagne, Pere Lucien xiv Gagnon, Soeur Claire xiv

INDEX

Gagnon-Pratte, France xxiii, 36, 176 1144, 178 1155 Gallagher 193 029 Gait, Thomas 103 Garibaldi 45 Garneau, Francois-Xavier n, 65 Gamier 134 Gauthier, Raymonde xxiii, 171 intro 112, 178 n57 Gauvin 193 1129 Gauvin, Charles-Edouard 174 111119-20 Gauvreau, L.-Pierre, junior 83, 104, 112, 185 n50 Gauvreau, Pierre 39, 77, 81-2, 92, 97, 104, 114, 147-9, 176 n3, 177 1126, 181 nn3i-2, 184 ni6, 185 n5O Gayle, Margot 179 ni4 Genest, Pierre-Marie-Alphonse 174 n20 Gibb, James (architect and author) 7, 9, no, 146, 172 nn26-7, 173 n35, fig. 5 Gibb, James (merchant) 46 Gillis, Peter 180 ch; ni Gingras 122 Girard 193 n29 Girouard, Jean-Jacques xix, 3, 171 intro n8, 171 chi n2, 171 chi n6, 172 n27, 174 n27 Girouard, Madame 18, 172 n27, 174 n27 Giroux, Raphael 73-4, 173 1127, 175 1125, 180 nr; Glackemeyer, Edouard n Gloucester: cathedral 71 Godin, Francois, fig. 172 Gosselin 193 n29 Gowan, James Robert 102 Gowans, Alan 171 intro n6, 175 ni3 Gowen, Hammond 178 n4i Grand Trunk Railway 45 Gregory, J.U. 192 n29 Grignon, Marc xxiii, 172 ni3 Grondin, Dr 192 n29 Grondin, Etienne 174 ni8, 174 n20 Guay 122 Gwilt, Joseph 7, 24, 98, 177 n9 Hacker, Frederick 8, 10, 33, 40, 178 n47, fig. 2 Hale, C. Anne 179 ni5 Halifax: Coombs building 179 ni5 Hall, George 179 n3o Hallett, Brian xiv, xxi, 180 ch7 ni Hamel, Abraham 28 Hamel, Dr 192 n29 Hamel, Ferdinand 109 Hamel, Theophile 50, 178 n5i Hamel, Mgr Thomas-Etienne 132, 189 ni5 Hamel & Frere 29 Hamelin, Jean xv, 175 n3 Harper, J.W. 182 m8

Harris William Critchlow 171 intro n2 Hatch, Hugh 118 Haussmann, Baron in, 115, 135 Head, Sir Edmund Walker 65, 182 n9 Hearn 122 Henderson 28, fig. 24 Henning 193 n29 Herring, William 36 Hill, Robert xv, xx Hincks 80,182 n28 Hitchcock, Henry-Russell 175 n8 Hoare, E.A. 192 n29 Hobson 193 n29 Hodgetts, J.E. xxiii, 76, 83, 94-6, 180 ch? nni-3, 180 ch? n5, 180 cli7 n7, 182 nn4~5, 183 ni, 184 nz, 184 nn4-6, 184 n9 Hoecher 192 n29 Hope, Thomas 7, 24, 176 n4 Hoppus, F. 7 Horsley, Charlotte Janvrin 3-4, 171 chi ni, 186 nio Horsley, Lt Richard Howard 3-4 Howard, John 89 Hubbard, R.H. 178 nsi Hudon, Georges 188 n55 Hudon, Joseph 186 n2i Humbert, Auguste 133, 190 n25, 190 nn27-8 Humphreys, Barbara xiii Hunt, Geoffrey 171 intro n2 Huot, P. 135 Hurly 128 Hutchison, William 99, fig. 132 Huyda, Richard xiv Ichtimus 43 Indestructible 128 Institut canadien 18, 32, 130, 174 n30 Institut Confucius 136 Institut protecteur de I'enfance 136 Isle-Verte: church 69, no, 146, 148, 179 ni Jackson 177 n34 Jackson, George 7, 50, 177 ni4, 178 1149 James, Ellen 171 intro n2 Jeaurat, Edme-Sebastien 7 Jebb, Joshua 7 Jellard, Robert 33, 51 Jenkins, Frank 189 n88 Jennings 193 n29 Jerome, Jean-Pierre xiv Jerome-Napoleon, Prince 65 Jobin, Albert 186 ni7 Johnson, William 7 Joly 187 n23 Joncas, L.Z. 192 n29 Jones, Fuller and 94 Jones, Haycock & Company 95, 97-8, 101-3, 107, 184 nn8, 19, 35-6, 42

197

Karel, David 171 intro n6, 172 ^17-9, 172 n26, 188 n49 Keating 193 n29 Keefer, Samuel 86-8, 95, 184 n5 Keefer, Thomas Coltrin 140, 190 n5i, 192 rag Kelly, John, fig. 132 Kelman, Mary xiv Kennard, John Fogg 186 ni? Kennedy 193 n29 Kent, Duke of 4, 119 Killaly, Hamilton H. 75-6, 78, 81-3, 86, 96, 180 ch7 n2, 181 n2, 185 n65 Kingston: 33, 173 n39, 176 n30, 177 n6; Mowat building 176 n3o; Penitentiary 89; Town Hall and Market House 10, 148, fig. 9 Knight, David B. xxiii, 182 n7, 172 ng Knight, Frederick 7, 50, 63, 146, 177 ni4, fig. 100

La Capricieuse 65 Lachine Canal 8 Lacombe, Marthe xv, 171 intro ni2, 172 n6, 176 n6, 180 ch6 n6, 193 n3 Lafever, Minard 7, 34, 36, 39, 42-4, 49, 50, 54, 56, 63, 146, 148, 176 041, 176 n2, 177 nni4-i9, 177 nn2i-2, 178 1145, 178 n48, figs. 40-1, 47-8, 51-3, 67, 71, 73-4, 82 Laflamme, Mgr J.C.K. 124, 192 n29 Lafontaine, Jean xv Lafrance, J.C.L. 122, 193 n29 La Grenade-Meunier, Monique 182 1125 La Guadeloupe: chapel 127, fig. 169 Lake Beauport: "Woodland" 5 Lake Saint John Railway 123-4, ^S, 188 n73, fig. 158 Laliberte, Yves xv Landry, Renee xiv Langelier, Hon. Chas 193 n29 Langelier, Francois 122-3, l&7 n2^ l&7 n74, 187 n76, 187 n78 Langelier, Judge 193 1129 Langevin, Hon. Hector-L. 5, 105-7, 114, 119, 185 n57, 185 nn6o-2, 186 n70, 186 n?6, 187 nzS, 189 M4 Langevin, Mgr Jean 132-3, 189 ni5, 190 ni8 Langevin, Jean 147 Langton, John 75, 181 n3 Lanthier, Helene xiv LaPierre, Laurier L. 185 n62 Larose, Joseph, fig. 132 Larose, Louis 180 m6 Larue, Adolphe 181 n3i Larue, Charles 174 nr7, 174 n20 Larue, Eugene 174 nr7, 174 n2O Larue, Narcisse 39, 147 176 n3 LaSelve, Edgar xviii Laugier, M.-A. 21, 23, 175 n7, 175 n9 Laurier, Sir Wilfrid 145, 192 n27, 192 n29

198

INDEX

Laval University 97, 126, 136, 189 1196 Lavallee, Calixa 135 Laver, Stent and 94-5, 98-100, 185 nn2i-2, figs. 133, 135, 137 Laverdiere, Abbe Charles-Auguste 179 n2i Lavergne, Elzear 174 nao Lavery, J.I. 193 1129 Lebel, Alyne xv LeBouthillier, Georges 174 ni8,174 1120 Leclerc, Barthelemi 188 n55 Lecourt, Browne & 40, 46, 48, 71, 119-20, figs. 45, 64 Lecourt, Joseph-Pierre-Michel 40, in Lecourt, Tate and in Lee, Nor ma xv Leeds, Lewis W. 7 Legare, Joseph 65, fig. 39 Legare, Rev. M.I.G. 189 moo Legendre, F. 192 n29 Lelievre, Simeon 41 Lemay, Rene-P. 192 1129 Lemesurier, Henry 40 Lemieux, Francois 89, 176 n36, 181 ni4, 181 ni9, 181 n26, 182 nn26-7, 183 n37 Lemieux, Joseph 193 n29 Lemieux, Judge 193 n29 Lemoine, James Macpherson xxi, 5, 23, 36, 65, 114, 116-17, *72 ni4> J75 nnio-n, 176 n43, 178 n3, 178 n8, 179 n28, 185 n57, 186 nry, 187 n22, 187 n35, 187 nn39~40, 187 n44, 188 n5i, 188 n53, 188 n8i Lepage 187 n2i Lepine, Abbe Joseph xiv Letarouilly, Paul-Marie 7 Letellier, Robin xiv Levasseur, Nazaire 114, 133, 135, 157, 187 1123, 187 n29, 190 1126, 190 n39, 190 n45, 190 n55, 192 n29 Levasseur, T. 193 n29 Levey, Charles 40 Levis (officer) 65 Liscombe, Rhodri 171 intro n2 Literary and Historical Society of Quebec 133 Livermore, J. Daniel 183 ni Livernois 114, 134, 179 n2i, 182 nq, fig. 174 Liverpool: St George s Hall 85 London: British Museum 85; Colonial Exhibition (1886) 190 041; Crystal Palace 62, 125, 134, 189 n89; Eiffel Tower proposal 125-6, 147, 151, 189 nn87-92, figs. 162-3; Newgate Prison 91; Royal Lodge 73, fig. 117; St Martin-in-the-Fields 9, no, fig. 5; Saint Paul Cathedral 134 London, Ont: City Hall 144 Look, David W. 179 ni4 Lome, Marquis of 116, 118-19, 136-7,187 n38, 187 n43, 188 n50, fig. 149

Louise, Princess 118-19, 136, fig. 149 Lyle, John M. 171 intro n2 Lynde, Frederick Charles 189 n92 Lynn, William 116-17, 187 1144 Macdonald, D.W. 177 nn24~5 Macdonald, John A. 106-7, n?. 119, 185 n6i, 187 n42,187 n46, 188 n52 MacKay, William 178 n54 Mackenzie, Alexander 107 Macpherson, Charlotte 127, 189 ni02 Mainguy, Abbe L.F. Napoleon 132, 189 nr7 Majestueux 135

Malette, Ghislain xiv Malouin, Albert 192 1129 Malouin, F.X. 180 ni6 Marcil, Eileen xv Marois, Dr 192 n29 Marsan, Jean-Claude 173 n39, 178 n59 Martin, Roland r/8 n57 Mathieu, Abbe 193 n29 Maugard 45 Maurault, Olivier 172 mo McDonald 181 ni8 McGreevy, Robert 107, 184 n30, 184 n35, 185 n6i, 185 n68 McGreevy, Hon. Thomas 95, 97, 101, 103, 105-7, 184 n8, 184 ni4, 184 n3o, 184 n35, 185 n62, 185 n65 McLeod 193 n29 McMann, Evelyn xv, 191 n6o Mendel, David xv Meredith, E.A. 182 1129, 183 ^133-4 Merrill, Alexander 66 Messer, R.C. 88 Methot, Franc.ois-Xavier 176 n39 Michaud, Charles-Edouard 174 n2o Milot, Frere xiv Mimee, Frederic, fils 177 mo Molt, Francis n Montcalm, Marquis of 3 Montgomery, Gen. Richards 127, 189 ni02 Montmorency: Saint-Joachim church 4 Montreal: 7, 173 n39; Bank of Montreal building 33, 79; Bonsecours Market 10; Chateau de Vaudreuil 55; Court House 76, 176 n45, 180 ch7 n8; Hopital-General 25; Nelson's column 65, Notre-Dame de Montreal 8, 23, 175 ^113-14; Parliament House 39; Simon McTavish's column 65 Moreau, Luc d'Iberville 173 n39 Morin, Augustin-Norbert 65 Morisset, Gerard xxi, 108, 171 intro n6, 172 n6, 186 n72 Morissette, Isidore 186 n73 Morissonneau, Christian 171 intro ni3 Mortimer, C.H. 144 Mount Pleasant: "Bellevue" 55

Mount Pleasant: Chinic house 55, fig. 84 Mountain 193 n29 Murphy, Achille 187 n37 Murphy, Fergus 193 n29 Murphy, Thomas J. 15, 91-3, 103-5, i?8 n43, 178 n49, 183 n43, 183 n50, 183 n55, 185 n50, 185 n55, 185 n57 Murray, Col. James 65 Myers, Denys Peter 42, 177 ni8 Nagy, Thomas xiv Napoleon m xviii, n5, 135 Nash, John 8 Nelson 3 Nelson, Dr 88 New York: Industrial World s Fair (1853) 17-18, 151 New York State: Auburn Prison 89-90 Niagara Falls 86 Nicholson, Peter 7, 42, 98, 177 ni4, fig. 138 Nobbs, Percy 171 intro n2 Noel, Ginette xiv, xxi, 191 n6 Noppen, Luc xiii, xv, xix, xxiii, 4, 8, 19, 21, 171 intro n6, 171 intro mo, 172 nn6-7, 172 nn9-n, 172 ni3, 173 n33, 173 n36, 173 n38, 175 nn5-6, 175 ni3, 175 ni6, 173 025, 176 ni, 186 n2, 186 n8, 188 n49, 188 n67 Normand, Louis-Marie 7, 55, 177 ni4, 178 n6o North Shore Rail Road 124 O'Brien, Lucius 137, 174 n2o O'Connor, C.R. 177 n9 O'Leary, John 92 Oliver, 193 n29 Olivier, Daniel xiv Ontario Association of Architects 141, 144, 192 ni3 Ordre des arpenteurs-geometres du Quebec 140

Ostell, John 171 intro n2 O'Sullivan, H. 193 n29 Ottawa: Parliament and Departmental Buildings 15, 82, 83-6, 92-107, 109-10,114, 131, 146, 140-50, 182 nni9-22, 183-4 nni-26, 184-5 nn28-53, 185 n57, 185 nn59-6i, 185-6 nn63~70, figs. 123-5, 132-8 Ottawa: Parliament and Departmental Buildings - Commission of Inquiry 94, 96, 102, 106-7, !84 nn6-n Otto, Steve xv Ouellette, David 192 1129 Ouellette, Joseph 192 n29 Ouimet, Hon. M 193 n29 Owram, Douglas xxiii, 180 n6, 183 ni Pacaud, Ernest 193 n29 Page, John 101-3, 106-7, 183 ni, 184 mo, 185 nn43-4, 185 n59, 185 n6i, 185-6 nn66-9

INDEX

Pageau, 192 1129 Pampalon, Antoine 177 nim-rj Panel, Charles 65 Papineau, Louis-Joseph 3,189 113 Parent, Archange n Parent, Charles-Auguste 174 1120 Parent, Francois 192 n29 Paris: exhibition (1873-4) *33> *$6> I5l< I9O n27, fig. 173; exhibition (1878) 136; exhibition (1900) TJ, 128, 144, 151, 174 n24, 192 n27; La Bourse 85; Louvre 85; Pantheon 134; sewage system 135 Paris, Ovide 174 n20 Parker, Charles 7 Parker, John Henry 7, 24, 72, 180 n8 Parthenon (temple of Minerva) 43 Patry, Michel 28, 30, 39, 147,176 n30,176 n3 Pattison, John H., fig. 132 Pattison, William 7 Paulette, Claude xxiii, 173 n36, 175 ni6, 176 ni, 186 nz Paxton, Joseph 62,134 Peachy, Joseph-Ferdinand 92, 107-8, 112, 121-2, 149-50, 178 n49, 183 1149, 187 nzi, 192 n29, figs. 13, 176 Peachy, Baillairge & 107-9, *49 Peebles & Andrews 15 Pelham, George B., fig. 132 Pelletier, Sir Alphonse 192 n29 Pelletier, Judge C. 193 n29 Pelletier, Lt-Col. Oscar 192 n29 Pelletier, J. Roland 191 n6 Pennee, Capt. F. 192 n29 Pericles 43 Perrault, J. 190 n46 Peters, William Joseph 186 n8 Peters, Simon & Charles 180 ni6, 186 n75, 187 n22 Pevsner, Nicholas 183 n36 Philadelphia: international exhibition (1876) 136, 151 Phillips, John 33, 51 Phillips, Robert A.J. 183 m Pierrefonds: Sainte-Genevieve church 21 Pigot 193 1129 Pinault, Lt-Col. E.F. 192 n29 Pinkney, David H. 190 n34 Piton, Nicolas 187 n32 Plamondon, Antoine 178 n5i Playfair, Dr John 130 Plouffe, Murielle xv Plymouth: Public Library 46, fig. 57 Pontbriand, Mgr de 3 Porter, Cirius & Son 121 Precis d'architecture 4, 6

Prefontaine 192 n29 Prince of Wales 63, 179 n22, figs. 96-7 Proulx, Cure 71-2

Province of Quebec Association of Architects xxii, 72, 141-4,149-52,180 nn, 182 ni5, 192 nni4-2i, fig. 176 Provost, Abbe Honorius xiii, 172 ni6, 180 11114-5, 180 n9 Pruneau, Soeur Alice xiv Pugin, Augustus C., and E.J. Willson 7, 24, 72, 177 ni6 Pugin, Augustus Welby 71 Pye 15, 181 ni8 Quakers 89 Quebec: Anglican Cathedral 8, 9; aqueduct 123-4, J88 n74-6, 188 n8o, fig. 157; Armouries 149; Baillairge houses 51-2, 107, 127-8, 186 nyi, 189 nnioi-4,191 n6, figs. 170-1; Baillargeon building 29-30, 46, fig. 26; Baillargeon house 109; Berthelot Market Hall m; Bilodeau house 48, 52, 92, 178 n53, fig. 62; Bilodeau store 19, 31-2, 37, 62, 146, 174 nr7, 176 10132-5, 176 n42, figs. 28-30; Blaiklock house 109, fig. 141; boulevard Langelier 127, 129; Caisse d'economie building 52, 66-7, 91, 108, 146-7, 179 n3i, fig. 106; Chalmers Free Presbyterian church 71,180 n6; Chartre house 50; Chateau Frontenac 145; Chinic house 178 n56; Citadel 60-1, n6, fig. 150; City Hall 176, 39-40, 43, 46, 49,113, 119-22, 144, 150, 176 m, 188 nn58-68, figs. 44-5; Commercial Chambers 46; Congregation Notre-Dame de Quebec chapel 72, residence 73; Corriveau house 34, 36, fig. 34; Court House 8,10, (new) 140,149; Customs House 8, 75, 78-82, 87, 146-7, 181 nn23-8, 181 nsi, 182 n27, figs. 119-22; DeBlois store 19, 30-1, 37, fig. 27; DeFoy house 50-2, 146, figs. 77, 81-3; DeFoy store 39, 46, 48-9, 61,146, figs. 54-6; Desbarats building 66-7, 91, 146, fig. 107; Dorion house 39, 48-9, 51, figs. 60-2; Douglas house 33-4; Drolet building, 28, fig. 26; Drolet house 48-9, 178 n44; Dufferin Improvements 115-19, 127,187-8 nn36-47,188 n52; Dufferin Terrace 118, 120, 123, 126-7, 129. !47> 187 n4i, 187-8 111145-7, 188 n55, 192 nn, figs. 149-52; Durham Terrace 60, 115-17; ecole Saint-JeanBaptiste 107; "Elm Grove" 109, 146, fig. 142; Episcopal Palace 8, 10, 37, 767, figs. 6-7, 24; Estebe-Fargues house 46; Gibb warehouse 46, 62, fig. 58; Gowen house 48, fig. 64; Hamel houses 33-4, 36, 109, 147, figs. 35-8; Hamel & Frere store 29-30, fig. 25; Hamel/Morin house 50, fig. 78; Henderson & Scott stores 28, 31, fig. 24; Hope Gate 115; Hospice des Soeurs de la Charite xix, 16, 25, 27-8, 37, 88, 97, no,

199

175 nn20-3, figs. 19-23; Hotel-Dieu houses 34, fig. 33; Jackson house 48; Jacques Cartier Market Hall m, 173 n36; Johnston house 50; Kent Gate 119; Langevin house 147; Laval University buildings 13-15, 58-64, 67, 77, 82, 97, 147,173 n6, 13, 178-9 nni-n, 179 nnr7-23, (central pavilion) 50, 59-65, 73. 78-9, 149, i?4 nil, 178 nn2-3, 178-9 nn5-n, 179 nm6-23, figs. 91-4, 96-9, (medical building) 59, 61, 178 n6, (residence) 59, 63, 85, 174 nio, 178 114, 179 nn, figs. 90, 95; Leaycraft house 50, 52, 85, 146, 178 ns4, figs. 75, 80; Legare house 39, 48-9, 56, fig. 63; Legislative Building 10, 76, 180 mo, 181 mi, 187 n23, (Quebec Music Hall as temporary) 45,177 n24; Lemoine houses 50, 52, fig. 79; Marine Hospital fence and water closet wing 8, 72-3, 75, 77-8, 80-2, 181 nni3-i8, 181 111128-9, fig- IJ8; Massue warehouse 46, fig. 59; Merrill store 66-7, 108, 147, figs. 104-5; Methot, Parent and Tetu house 17, 34, 176 n39, figs, n, 32; Moisan house 50; Montcalm Market Hall 113-14, 186 1121; Montgomery house 127; Monument aux Braves 59, 64-7, 143, 147, 179 n29, figs. 101-3; Monument to Wolfe 65; Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm 65; Morin/ Hamel house 50, 52, fig. 78; Morrin house 50, 52; Murphy house 105, 178 1143, 185 n55; Normal School fig. 150; Notre-Dame de Quebec 8-9, 21, 31, 172 n6, 177 n9, figs. 3, 24; Notre-Dame de Quebec fence 69, 73, 109, figs. 116-17; Notre-Dame de Quebec presbytery 72; Palace Gate 115-16; Parent Park 127; Parent, Tetu and Methot house 17, 34, figs, n, 32; Parliament House 77-8, 148, (wing) 76; Parliament House fence 75, 77-8, 181 ni2; Parliament Buildings 114, 140, 149, 182 nni2-r3, 182 ni5, 182 nr7,192 nn; Petitclerc houses 50, fig. 76; Petry house 107, 109, 146,186 n75; Place d'Armes dome 114, fig. 148; Post Office 140; Prescott Gate H5; Provincial Exhibition (1871) 132; Quebec Bridge 17; Quebec Jail xxi, 81-2, 87-93, 97, 102-5, 107-8, no, 114,146, 148-9, 182 1125, 182-3 nn28-35, 183 nn37-55, 185 n57, figs. 126-31; Quebec Music Hall 16, 38-46, 48-9, 56, 61-2, 77-8, 146, 177 nn8-i3, 177111123-4, 177 nn32-5, 192 nn, figs. 46-53; Quebec Prison (rue Saint-Stanislas) 4; Quebec Theatre (former Riding School) n, 40, 44; SaintAugustin staircase 122, figs. 153-4; SaintJean-Baptiste church 14, 19, 20-3, 27-8, 32, 37, 71, 92, 149, r75 n4, figs. 10, 12-16; Saint-Jean-Baptiste presbytery 73, 180 ni3; Saint John Gate 111-12, n5, 186 n3,187

200

INDEX

1144, fig. 147; Saint Louis Gate 115, 119; Saint Paul Market 6, 10, 113, 172 n20, 173 n36, fig. 8; Saint-Roch church 8-9, 21, 175 1125, fig. 4; Sainte-Claire staircase 122-3, fig. 155; Scott house 50; Scott store 176 n3o; Seminary of Quebec 149; Soeurs de la Charite chapel 19, 27, 29, 37, 78, no, 146, 148-9, 175 nn2O-7, figs. 21-3; Soeurs du Bon-Pasteur chapel iio-n, figs. 143-6; Tache building 67, 179 n33, fig. 108; Taschereau arch 124, fig. 159; Taschereau tower 124, fig. 160; Tetu house 18, 39, 48-51, 55-6, 61, 85, 92, 146, 178 nn4