CCNP practical studies: troubleshooting [illustrated edition] 9781587200571, 1587200570

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

pr ot ocol char act erist ics and t ools and sup por t ing I P, I PX, Et her net , sw it ches, VLANs, and WANs. Each chapt er cont ain s an over view of st and ard s and pr ot ocols, t r oubleshoot ing t ools, and basic m et hods an d docum en t at ion t echn iques, as w ell as han ds- on scenar ios. Alt houg h h aving access t o eq uipm ent is t he ideal w ay t o pr ofit fr om t his book , r elev ant infor m at ion deliv er ed t hr ou gh fig ur es, conf igur at ion exam ples, and det ailed t ex t ensur es ever y one can benefit f r om t he inf orm at ion pr esent ed . Pr ot ocol analy zer t races em phasize im por t ant con cept s and t r ouble ar eas. Chapt er s end w it h real- w or ld Tr oub le Tick et s desig ned t o giv e y ou addit ional pr act ical exp er ience. The f in al chapt er , " Tr oub le Tick et s: The Sum of All Fears, " of fer s com pr eh en siv e • Table of Content s t r oub leshoot ing scen arios in w hich you m ust id en t ify , diag nose, and solv e com plex issues using • I ndex t he met h ods y ou hav e lear ned. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

By Donna Whet h erL.yHar ou rington ar e seek in g pr act ical k now ledge t o enh ance you r pr epar at ion for t h e CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam or y ou ar e a new ly min t ed CCNP in need of h ands- on exp er ien ce t o h one y ourPubon - ter: he-Cisco job Press sk ills, CCNP Pr act ical St udies: Tr oubleshoot ing has wh at y ou need t o t ak e y our lish t r oub leshoot ing sk ills03t o t he n ex t lev el. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

This b ook is par t of a r ecom m en ded lear ning pat h f r om Cisco Sy st em s( r) t hat includes Pages: 84 0 simu lat ion an d h ands- on t r aining fr om au t hor ized Cisco Lear n in g Par t n er s an d self- st ud y pr odu ct s fr om Cisco Pr ess. To fin d ou t m or e abou t inst r uct or - led t r ainin g, e- lear n in g, an d h andson inst r uct ion of fer ed b y aut hor ized Cisco Learn ing Part ners wor ldw ide, p lease v isit w w w .cisco. com / go/ au t hor ized t r ain ing. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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Table of Content s

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

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Hand son th preact About Autice h or for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket About s b ased on Cisco t ern th e Tech nical RevI n iewer s et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Ack nowledgmen ts

Wit h t his b ook, you can: Foreword I n tr oduct ion

Set u p Career an d f Cert ollow Cisco ificaalong tion s w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w itGoals houtoft This h e act ual equip ment Book How t o Use Th is Book

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I con s Used in Th is Book Passwor ery Guidelines I dent ifdyRecov t r oublesh oot ing

t r oub leshoot ing Com paring Models

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

Cisco Conf igurat ion Regist er

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Part I . Pr ot ocol Ch aract erist ics an d Tools Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cha pter 1. Shoot ing Trou ble

DostYou Sho ble ored Does Trou ble -Shoot Use in r u ct orot- dTrou ev elop p rob lem isolatYou? ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s St andards an d Prot ocols

" SnifModels f" t he and w irMet e thods o sp ot n et w or k issu es Pract ical Troub lesh oot ing

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Rev iew Qu est ion s cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, mariat y ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e aut o Sum negot Cha pter 2. What ' s in You r Too l Bag?

App lyI OS a Trou lay er ed t rou bleshoot ing blesh Tools oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Cisco Resources Proj ect DOTU

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Net work Managem ent Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Har dware Tools and Media Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of Testers pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Net work Monit ors CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealProt ocol zers and WAN t op ics. w or ld ap plicat ionAnaly of LAN Deskt op Tools

CCNP Pr act ical Rev iew St Quud esties: ion s Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Sum mar y Part I I . Su pport ing I P and I PX Cha pter 3. Shoot ing Trou ble wit h I P Scenario: Shoot in g Tro uble wit h I P Prot ocols and Packet s Addressing Rou tin g Pro tocols

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Trou ble Tickets

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Trou ble Tick ets Solut ions CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Rev iew Qu est ion s By Donna L. Har rington Sum mar y Cha pter 4. Shoot ing Trou ble wit h Novell I PX Pub lish er: Cisco Press Scenario: Shoot in g Tro uble wit h I PX Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Prot ocols and Packet s I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Addressing Pages: 84 0 Rou tin g Pro tocols Trou ble Tickets Trou ble Tick ets Solut ions Rev iew Qu est ion s Sum mar y

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble I I I . Suon pport ing Et hI n ertnet , Swit VLANs t icket Part s b ased Cisco ern et wch ores, k aTrndoub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Cha pter 5. Shoot ing Trou ble wit h Et hernet

Wit h t his bScenario: ook, you can: Shoot in g Tro uble wit h

Et hern et

A Brief Sum mary of Et hern et Et h er net Fram es

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Et h ertnet w it hout h e Addressing act ual equip ment Et h er net at th e Ph ysical Lay er

Est ablish a baseline docu Shoot ing Trou ble wit hand Et hern et ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Trou ble Tickets

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Trou ble Tick ets Solut ions t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Rev iew Qu est ion s

Sum mar y Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Shoot ing Trou ble wit h Car tOS antdwI OS CatCha alypter st ( r6.) OS and Cisco I OS( ) Sof ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Scenario: Shoot in g Tro uble wit h Cat OS and I OS

Use in stment r u ctatorion - dRev ev iew elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Seg STP

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es The Cisco CLI 00 / Catand 60 00 rArch e AnalyCat ze50local em itotect e uraccess pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, plex Shootsp ingeed Trou and ble witdu h Swit ch,esu t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o Trou negot ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ble iat Tickets Trou ble Tick ets Solut ions

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Rev iew Qu est ion s env iron ment s Sum mar y Cha pteraspir 7. Shoot Trou ble wit CCI h VLANs er s an d Swit ches Desig ned for ing ing CCNP and E( r)onprRou oftessionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net wShoot ork inTrou in g ( CI hatchpes r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Scenario: g Trobleshoot uble wit h VLANs on T) Routt op ers ics andt Swit Tr oubleshoot exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Whying VLANs? CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealTru nk ing w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Man aging VLANs

I nical ter- VLAN CCNP Pr act St udRout ies:ingTr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Swittch Techn ologies im por t ant Rou contecep s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Shoot ing Trou ble wit h VLANs Trou ble Tickets Trou ble Tick ets Solut ions Rev iew Qu est ion s Sum mar y Part I V. Suppor tin g t h e WAN Cha pter 8. Shoot ing Trou ble wit h Fram e Relay

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Scenario: Shoot in g Tro uble wit h Frame Relay

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A Brief Hist ory of Fr ame Relay CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Fram e Relay Fram es By Donna L. Har rington Fram e Relay Addressing Fram e Relay at t h e Phy sical Lay er Pub lish er: Cisco Press Shoot ing Trou ble wit h Fr ame Relay Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Trou ble Tickets I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Trou ble Tick et 4 Pages: 84 0 Trou ble Tick et Solut ions Rev iew Qu est ion s Sum mar y Cha pter 9. Shoot ing Trou ble wit h HDLC, PPP, I SDN BRI , and Dial Backu p Scenario: Shoot in g Tro uble on t he WAN

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble WAN on Ter minolog t icket s b ased Cisco yI n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. HDLC

Wit h t his bPPP ook, you can: I SDN BRI Dial-on- Dem and Rou tin g

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dial Backup w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Trou ble Tickets

Est ablish baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Trou bleaTick et Solut ions Rev iew Qu est ion s

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Sum mar y t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Part V. Com prehensiv e Tr oubleshoot in g Exercises

Cha pter . Trot ruble Tick et s: Theact Suu mal of pr All oblem Fear s s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagn ose 10 and oublesh oot Scenario: Shoot in g Tro uble IRev iew Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Trou ble Tick et 1 Discovery Lab

Use in st rble u ctTick or et - d2evDocum elop en edt atpion robLab lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Trou Trou ble Tick et 3 OSPF Lab

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Trou ble Ticket 4 RI P/ OSPF/ EI GRP Redist ribut ion Lab Tick et 5 Frame Relay / I SDN Back up Lab s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h AnalyTrou ze ble local and r em ot e access pr oblem cabling, sp Tick eedetand duand plexSpa , unnin t ilizat ionLab and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Trou ble 6 VLAN g-Tree aut o Rev negot iatest ion, iew Qu ion saddr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Sum mar y

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Part VI . Appendix es env iron ment s Appendix A. An swers t o Review Qu est ion s 1' sing Rev iew Questand ions CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned Cha for pter aspir CCNP Cisco( r) I nt erpter net2'wsork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cha Rev iew Quest ions Tr oubleshoot ing 3'exam . Full ofions pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Cha pter s Rev iew Quest CCNP Pr act ical ies: oublesh Cha pterSt 4'ud s Rev iewTr Quest ions oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Cha pter 5' s Rev iew Quest ions

Cha pterSt 6'ud s Rev iewTr Quest ions oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP Pr act ical ies: oublesh iew Quest im por t ant Cha conpter cep7'tssRev cen t ral t oions t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Cha pter 8' s Rev iew Quest ions Cha pter 9' s Rev iew Quest ions Cha pter 10 's Review Qu estion s Appendix B. Troublesh oot in g Resou rces Reboot ing a Rou t er Con figur ation Regist er Fields Passwor d Recov ery Pro cedu res

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Soft ware Upgrad es

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Sum mar y CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Appendix C. Equ ipment Reference By Donna L. Har rington Suppor t Equ ipment Used in This Book Where to Buy Equipm ent Pub lish er: Cisco Press Con figur in g a Term inal Server ( 25 11) Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I n dex I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Copyright Cop yr igh t © 2 003 Cisco Sy st em s, I nc. Pub lished by :Table of Content s • Cisco Pr ess • I ndex 20 1 W est 103 rd St r eet CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing I ndian apolis, I N 462 90 USA By Donna L. Har rington

All r ight s reserv ed. No par t of t h is book m ay b e repr od uced or t r ansm it t ed in an y for m or b y any m ean r onic or m ech anical, inclu ding ph ot ocopy in g, r ecor d in g, or by any in for m at ion Pubs, lishelect er: Cisco Press st orPub ageDat and r et r iev al03syst em , w it hou t w r it t en p er m ission fr om t h e pu blish er , ex cept for t he e: April 0 4, 20 inclusion of b rief qu ot at ions in a r eview . I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 Pr int ed in t h e Un it ed St at es of Am erica 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Lib rar y of Con gr ess Cat aloging- in - Publicat ion Num ber: 20 010 952 70 First Prin t in g Mar ch 20 03 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Warning and Disclaimer

Wit h t his b ook, you can: This b ook is desig ned t o pr ov ide inf or mat ion ab out Cisco t rou blesh oot ing. Ever y eff ort has been m ade t o m ake t his book as com p let e an d as accur at e as possib le, b ut no w ar r ant y or fit ness is Set im plied . u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The in for m at ion is p r ovided on an " as is" basis. The au t hor s, Cisco Pr ess, and Cisco Sy st em s, Est ablish and ydocu y our phyysical and et witor I nc. , shall hav eanbaseline eit h er liabilit n orment r espon sibilit t o any p erlogical son ornent y kw it h r espect t o any loss or d amag es arising fr om t h e inf orm at ion cont ained in t h is book or fr om t h e use of t he d iscs or I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her pr ogr am s t h at m ay accomp any it . t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies The op inions ex pr essed in t his b ook belong t o t he aut hor and ar e not necessar ily t hose of Cisco Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Sy st em s, I nc. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Trademark Acknowledgments " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es All t er ms ment ion ed in t his b ook t hat ar e kn ow n t o be t rad em ar k s or serv ice mar k s hav e b een Analy ze local and r emCisco ot e access pr oblem in Et et net w or ks, clud w it hof t his app rop riat ely capit alized. Pr ess or Cisco sSyst emhern s, I nc. cannot at tinest t oing t heissues accur acy sp eed du in plex t ilizat should ion andnot collisions, andw CSMA/ CD,v alid on elin k, inf ormcabling, at ion. Use of aand t er m t h,isu book be regarbded asidtafh,fect in g t he it w y ay of any aut o negot ion,maddr t r adem ark or seriat v ice ar k . essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

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Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on At Cisco our g oal is tbleshoot o cr eat eininepT) t h ttop echn of t yhe ig hest alit y and v alu e. Cisco( r) IPress, nt er net w ork Trou g d( CI icsical t hatbook p r eps are ouh for t he qu CCNP Each book is cr aft ed w it h car e an d p recision , und er g oin g r igor ous developm ent t hatonin tvolv Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges he jes ob,t he un iq ue ex pert ise of m emb er s f r om t he pr ofessional t ech nical com m un it y. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Reader s' f eed back is a n at ur al cont inu at ion of t his pr ocess. I f y ou h ave any com ment s regar d in g how e act couical ld im e t he qualit y oot of tinhgis pbook , or yotou h erwwit ise alt erical it tinf o bet t er ion su iton y our CCNPwPr Stpr udov ies: Tr oublesh r ovides h p ract or mat all nt heeds, e yim oupor can cont act u s t hr ou gh em ail at feedback @ciscopr ess. com . Please mak e sur e t o include t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g t he

book t it le and I SBN in y our message. We g reat ly app r eciat e y our assist an ce.

Credits •

Table of Content s

• Pub lisher

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Ed it or- in - Chief

John Wait John Kane

By Donna L. Har rington

Ex ecu t ive Edit or

Br et t Bar t ow

Pub lish er: esent Cisco Press Cisco Repr at ive

Ant h ony Wolf en den

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Cisco Pr ess Pr ogr am Manager

Sonia Torr es Ch avez

Pages: Mar 84 0 ket ing Com m unicat ions, Cisco Sy st ems Man ager,

Scot t Miller

Cisco Mar k et in g Pr og ram Manager

Ed ie Quir oz

Pr oduct ion Manag er

Pat r ick Kanouse

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Acquisit ions Edit or Michelle Gr andin Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t Dev icketelopm s b ased Cisco enton Edit or I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. And rew Cupp Cop Editbor Wit h yt his ook, you can:

Keit h Clin e

Tech nical Ed it ors Mar t y Ad kins Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Rick Bur t s w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Ch Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ris Heff ner Scot Morr I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, tan d otisher t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Mar k Oliv o Diagn andiew t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it hChaut h or-Man p r ovided Con figu rat ose ion Rev er arles n Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Team Coor dinat or Tam m i Ross Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Cov er Desig ner Lou isa Adair " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Pr oduct ion Team Mar k Shir ar Analy clud I ndex er ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, inLar r ying Swissues eazy w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Corpor e er H enet a dqua er s bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( r)atI nt w ork rtTrou Cisco Sy st em s, I nc. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 17 0 WPr estactTasm anud Dries: ive Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP ical St San Jose, CA 9 513 417 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN06and WAN t op ics. USA w w w .cisco. CCNP Pr act com ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Tel: 40t ant 8 526im por con400 cep t0s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

8 00 553 - NETS ( 638 7) Fax: 40 8 5 26- 4 100 Eur ope an H ea dq ua rt e rs Cisco Sy st em s I nt er nat ional BV Haar ler ber gpar k Haar ler ber gw eg 1 3- 19 11 01 CH Am st erd am • Table of Content s The Net h er lands • I ndex w w w - eu rop e. cisco. com CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Tel: 31 0 20 35 7 100 0 By Donna Fax: 31 L.0 Har 20 rington 35 7 1 100 Am Pub e rilish caer: s HCisco e adq ua rt e rs Press Cisco Sy st em s, I nc. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 17 0 W est Tasm an Dr ive I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 San Jose, CA 9 513 4- 17 06 USA Pages: 84 0 w w w .cisco. com Tel: 40 8 526- 766 0 Fax: 40 8 5 27- 0 883 Asia Paon ci fi H eice adq rs Hand sprcact foruat rt hee CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Cisco em s, t icket sSy b st ased onI nc. Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Cap it al Tow er Wit8hRobinson 16 t his b ook,Road you can: # 22 - 01 t o # 2 9- 01 Singap or e 068 912 Set u pcom an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w w w .cisco. w it hout e act Tel: + 65 63 17t h777 7 ual equip ment Fax: + 65 63 17 779 9 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Cisco Sy st em s h as m ore t han 200 of fices in t h e follow ing cou nt r ies and r eg ion s. Addr esses, y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get sh ow ,Wclear , debu ph oneI dent nu mifbers, an d f ax nu m bers arse using list ed pin on g, t h ter ace, Cisco.com eb sit e a tg, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies w w w .cisco. com / go/ of fices. Diagn t r oublesh u al prm oblem by f ollow ing w ait h• aut h or-• p rChina ovidedPRC • Ar gent ina • ose Auand st r alia • Austoot r ia •actBelgiu • Brsazil • Bulgar ia • along Canad Chile Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Colom bia • Cost a Rica • Cr oat ia • Czech Repu blic De nm ar k • D ubai, UAE • Finland • Fr ance • Ger man y • Greece • Hong Kon g SAR • Hu ngar y • I ndia • I nd onesia • I r eland • I sr ael • I t aly Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Japan • Korea • Lu xem bou rg • Malaysia • Mex ico • eTh Net h er land s • New Zealand • Nor w ay • Peru •" Snif Philippines • Poland • Por t ug al Puer t o Rico • Roman ia • Russia • Sau di Ar abia • Scot land f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es • Sin gapor e • Slovak ia • Slovenia • Sout h Af ricaSpain • • Sw eden Sw it zer land • Taiw an • Thailand • ze Tur key and • Ukr rem aine Un it edprKingd ed Stet at es Venezu ela •ingViet nam w• it h Analy local ot e• access oblemom s in• EtUnit hern net•w or ks, in clud issues Zim babw e cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Cop yr igh t © 200 3 Cisco Sy st ems, I n c. All rig ht s r eser v ed . CCI P, CCSP, t h e Cisco Ar row logo, t h e Cisco Pow ered Net or tkrou m ar k, t he Syhstodology em s Vert o ified log o, rou Cisco it y, swit Follow App ly a lay erwed blesh ootCisco ing met r eallife t ingUnand chinMe g Brow sing , Form Sh are, iQ Net Readiness Scorecar d, Net w or king Academ y, and Scr ipt Sh ar e are t r ademar k s env iron ment s of Cisco Sy st em s, I nc. ; Ch angin g t h e Way We W ork , Live, Play , and Lear n, Th e Fast est W ay t o IDesig ncr ease I n t ern Quot ient andE(iQuick ud y ar e ser v ice aren k ssab of le Cisco st em s, I nc.; ned Your for aspir ingetCCNP and , CCI r) pr ofSt essionals, t his indm isp lab gSy uide b uilds on and Air onet , ASI ST, BPX, Cat aly st , CCDA, CCDP, CCI E, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, t he Cisco Cer t ified Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ITrntoubleshoot er net w ork ing Ex pert logo, OS, t he I OS logo, Pr ess,f or Cisco Sy st ems, exam . FullCisco of prIact ical exCisco er cises t h at g et Cisco y ou r eady challenges on Cisco t he j ob, Sy st em s Cap it al, t he Cisco Sy st ems log o, Em p ower ing t he I nt er net Generat ion , CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealEn rise/ Solv er ,ofEtLAN h er Ch annel, h erics. Sw it ch, Fast St ep, GigaSt ack , I nt er net Qu ot ien t , I OS, w ort er ldpap plicat ion and WANEtt op I P/ TV, iQ Ex pert ise, t he iQ logo, Light St ream , MGX, MI CA, t h e Net w ork ers log o, Net w ork CCNP Pr Regist r ar, act Packet ical St, ud PI X, ies:Post Tr oublesh - Rout ing oot , Pr in ge- pRout r ovides ing , yRat oueMUX, w it h p Regist ract icalr ar, inf or Slid mat eCast ion ,on SMARTn all t h e et , St imrpor at aView t ant con Plus, cepSt t sr cen at mt,ral Swt oit chPr t h e tobe, r oubleshoot TeleRouing t er ,por Tran t ion sPat of ht,he and CCNP VCOcer arteificat r eg ist ion, er ed includ in g

t r adem ark s of Cisco Sy st em s, I nc. an d/ or it s af filiat es in t he U. S. and cer t ain ot her coun t ries. All ot h er t rad em ar k s m en t ioned in t his d ocum en t or W eb sit e ar e t he p r opert y of t heir respect ive ow ner s. The use of t h e w or d p art ner does not im ply a p art nership r elat ion sh ip b et w een Cisco and any ot her comp any . ( 03 03R) Pr int ed in t h e USA •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

About the Author •

Table of Content s

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

D onna L. H a rri ngt on, MS, CCNP, h as m or e t han 20 y ear s ex per ience in t he in for m at ion syst em s, t elecom mu nicat ions, business m anagem ent , an d elect r on ics f ields. Sh e is also a cer t if ied Cisco Sy st em s inst r uct or . Don na specializes in net w or kin g an d t he deliver y of TCP/ I P and CCNP cour Sh et he has t au ght Cisco, Microsoft , andw Nov ell cer for tsev er al Hand s- on pr actses. ice for CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam it h TCP/ I P,t ified LAN,cour an dses W AN r ouble y ear s. Don na is cu rr ent ly em ploy ed as an int er net w ork ing specialist in Ann apolis Jun ct ion , t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Mar y lan d. Pr ev iou sly she was w it h Men t or Tech nologies ( Chesapeak e Com put er Consult ant s) and cer thif ied delivyou er CCNPWit t hist o b ook, can: r elat ed cour ses. Sh e dev eloped, deliv ered, and m aint ained Men t or 's TCP/ I P Net w or k in g cou rse. Alt hou gh t hey w ere lon g h our s at t imes, she enj oyed assist ing w it h Ment or ' s ECP1 , t he CCI E pr ep ar at ion cour se. She f ound it par t icu larly f un t o b r eak t hings for t h e Sets tuop fan f ollow along w it h realw ordeliv ld lab scenar o each amand t op ic, w it h or st udent ix. dDonn a has developed and ered courios sesaligned f or t h e tinfor m atex ion w itm hout t h eion actsy ual equipfor ment t elecom unicat st ems b usin ess an d t he police execut iv e lead er ship gr adu at e pr ogr am s at John Hopk ins Univ er sit y and consult ed an d t rain ed f or num er ous w ell- kn own b usin esses ablish baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k t hr ou Est ghout her acar eer . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

About the Technical Reviewers Scot t Morr is, CCI E No. 471 3, has mor e t han 15 year s exp er ience in t elecomm u nicat ion s, net w or k desig n, an d in st allat ion. He is a t r iple CCI E ( Rout ing an d Sw it ching , I SP/ Dial, and has ofspecialt •Secu rit y ) andTable Contenties s in v arious fields of t echnology , includ in g secur it y, I P t elep hony , an d cable ( RF) in t ern et w or k ing. Scot t is a cer t ified Cisco Sy st ems in st ru ct or and has t aught classes • I ndex on m any adv anced t opics in h ising specialt y ar eas and ot her ad van ced r out ing , MPLS, and CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot t r oub leshoot ing t op ics. Cu r rent ly , Scot t is an in dependent cont r act or w it h Uber - Geek Net w or k s By Donna L. Har rington ( w w w .u ber - geek . net) . Pr eviou sly , he w as w it h Men t or Tech nologies along w it h D onna and t r av eled all over t h e w or ld d eliv er ing Cisco cur r icula. These d ays, in add it ion t o deliver ing Cisco lish er: Cisco Pressw ork s on dev elopin g cour ses w it hin his specialt y ar eas. courPub ses, Scot t also Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Ri ck Burt E -0 No. I SBN:s,1-CCI 58 720 57 -0461 5, has mor e t han 20 year s exp er ience w it h com pu t ers an d com pu t er net w orPages: ks. Rick is a cer t if ied Cisco Sy st em s inst r uct or . I n addit ion t o h avin g t aught a var iet y of 84 0 Cisco cour ses, includ in g t he Cisco I nt er net w or k Tr oublesh oot ing cour se, Rick h as t aug ht w it h Don na at Ment or Techn olog ies. Since t h en , Rick join ed Ch esapeak e Net Cr aft sm en ( w w w .n et cr af t sm en. net ) wh er e h e is a senior consult an t . I n h is cur rent posit ion, Rick d eals w it h net w or k desig n, im plem en t at ion, an d t rou blesh oot ing issues in addit ion t o t eachin g cour ses. Hand act ice t he 128 CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing TCP/ I P, LAN, anCrd aft W sm AN en t r ouble Ma r t ys- on Adkpri ns, CCIfor E No. 9, is a senior con su ltexam ant wwitith hCh esapeak e Net , LLC, t icket s in b ased on Cisco on, I n t ern et,wmet or k rTr t opics. based t h e Washingt D. C. o oub ar ealeshoot ( w w w in .n get(crCIafT)t sm en. net ) . He is an elect r ical engineer w it h mor e t h an 25 year s exp er ience in net w ork ing and t elecom m unicat ions. Pr eviously , he w as Wit t his b ook, you can: w it hh Chesapeake Com put er Consult ant s ( a.k . a, Ment or Techn ologies) for eigh t y ears as a senior consult ant and cer t if ied Cisco Sy st em s inst r uct or , w her e he d eligh t ed in t eaching t he Cisco I nt er net w ork Trou blesh oot in g cou rse. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or it hout t hheas actbeen ual equip Ma r kwT. Ol iv o in t h ment e com p ut er field for m or e t han 2 6 y ears, w it h m or e t han 20 y ears of t each ing ex per ien ce. He h as m or e t han 70 dif fer en t com put er in dust r y cer t if icat ions fr om 12 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k dif fer en t v endor s, including CCNP an d CCDP. Mark is cu rr ent ly em ploy ed as a t ech nical t r ain er and cour sew dev elopoot er ing for tSMARTS ( Sy stpin emg,Managem s) ,and w g, orkan s on I dent if yart reoublesh ar get s using t r ace, sh ent ow , Art clear debu d otout herside pr oj ect s as t im e allow s. Mar k has kn own D onna for m any year s and has wor k ed w it h her at t hr ee t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies dif fer en t com panies. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Chri stCat opaly hest r (M. H e ffand ne r, CCI E No.r )821 t heinp n etutwor u nicat ion s, and r ) OS Cisco I OS( Sof1,t whas ar e been com minand , ouk ting, put ,t elecomm and loggin g design fields f or m ore t han 19 y ear s. He is a cer t ified Cisco Sy st ems inst ru ct or and cont r act inst r uct or inf or p ast y ear s inlem t he- isolat Cisco,ion Micr osoft , Nov and Lot u s Not esetcus rr icula. Chr is Use st rtuhe ct or - d eveight elop ed p rob m et hods t o rell, esolv e Tr ouble Tick earn ed h is CCI E in Rout ing and Sw it ching in Sep t em ber 2 001 , and is cur r en t ly w ork ing on his CCI E "in Secur it y w . Ch henow Ceres t ified Labs and St r at eg ic Net w or k Solut ion s, I n c. , Snif f" t he ir eris t o is sptot et wner or kofissu w hich off er s Cisco cert if icat ion pr epar at ion inclu ding r em ot e lab s access, pr act ical lab scen arios, exam Analy pr ep ze g uides, local and and rwem ebot - based e access p ract pr ice oblem exam s ins Et f orhern Cisco et net CCIwE, orCCNP, ks, in clud CCSP, ing issues and CCNA w it h cer t if icat cabling, ions. sp Chr eed is can and bdu e rplex eached , u t ilizat at cheff ion ner@cer and collisions, t ified- labs. b andw com idtan h, dCSMA/ at w wCD, w .cer ont ifiede- w ay lin k, labs. com aut o. negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Acknowledgments I nt er net w ork ing m ust b e bu ilt ar ound t h e business at h and in or d er t o pr ov ide easy access t o per t inent in for m at ion regar dless of locat ion , t im e, or syst em . Much of t he in for m at ion in clu ded in t• his b ook is based q uestsion s I hav e r eceiv ed in class. I h ave t o sen d out a special t hank s t o all Table ofon Content of m y st udent s and cowor k ers fr om TCP/ I P t o CCNA t o CCNP and ot her s ov er t he y ear s w h o hav e • I ndex kCCNP ep t m e on m y t oes. I w ouldn 't ing w ant t o f org et m y t echnical r eview er s, w ho hav e helped me P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot m ake t his book wh at it is t oday . Th ank y ou Scot t Mor r is, Rick Bu r t s, Mar t y Adk ins, Mar k Oliv o, By Donna L. Har rington and Ch ris Hef fner . I w ou ld also lik e t o t h ank Char lie Mann for t est ing t h e hand s- on scen arios and Tr ouble Tick et s. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Foreword CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g is design ed t o pr ov id e y ou w it h anot h er vehicle t o obt ain han ds- on ex per ien ce, w hich is a cr it ical com p onent of an y pr epar at ion p r ogr am for t he Cisco Cer t ified NetofwContent or k Pr ofession al exam s. The det ailed lab scenar ios con t ained in t h is book • Table s illust rat e t he ap plicat ion of k ey su ppor t and t r oubleshoot ing concep t s cover ed on t h e CCNP • I ndex Tr oubleshoot ing exam , h elp in g you m ast er t he ad van ced pr act ical sk ills you need t o inst all, CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing conf ig ur e, and oper at e LAN, W AN, and dial access serv ices for n et w or k s fr om 1 00 t o mor e t h an By Donna L. Har rington 50 0 n odes. Wit h t he int rod uct ion of p er f orm ance- based t est ing elem ent s t o t he CCNP ex am s, t hese han ds- on sk ills are of cr it ical im por t ance t o su cceed ing on t he exam and in y our daily job lish er: pr Cisco Press as aPub CCNP ofessional. This book w as developed in cooper at ion w it h t he Cisco I n t ern et Lear ning Solut Pub ions Dat e:GrApril oup. 0 4,Cisco 20 03 Press book s ar e t he only self - st udy b ooks aut hor ized b y Cisco for CCNP exam pr ep arat I SBN: 1- 58ion 720 .-0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Cisco and Cisco Pr ess pr esent t his m at erial in t ex t - based f or m at t o pr ovid e anot h er lear ning v eh icle f or our cu st om er s and t he br oader user comm un it y in general. Alt h ough a pub licat ion does n ot du plicat e t he in st r uct or - led or e- lear ning env iron ment , w e ackn owledg e t hat not ever yon e r espon ds in t he sam e w ay t o t he sam e deliver y m ech anism . I t is our in t en t t hat pr esent in g t his m at erial via a Cisco Pr ess p ublicat ion will enh ance t he t ran sf er of k now led ge t o a Hand on ience pr act ice oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble br oads-aud of nfor et wt he or kCCNP in g prTr ofessionals. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Cisco Pr ess w ill p resen t lab m anuals on ex ist ing an d f ut u re ex am s t hr oug h t hese Pract ical Wit h ies t hist itbles ook, St ud t o you helpcan: ach iev e Cisco I nt er net Lear ning Solut ion s Gr oup' s p rincipal object ives: t o educat e t h e Cisco comm u nit y of net w or kin g p rof essionals an d t o enable t h at com m unit y t o bu ild and m aint ain r eliable, scalab le net w ork s. The Cisco Car eer Cer t ificat ions an d classes t hat Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or supp ort t hese cer t if icat ions are dir ect ed at m eet in g t h ese ob ject ives t h rou gh a d isciplined w it hout t h e act ual equip ment app roach t o pr ogr essive lear ning . To succeed on t he Cisco Career Cer t ificat ions ex ams, as well as in Est y our dailyaj ob as a Ciscocer t ified al, w and e r ecom m enndetaw or blended lear nin g solut ion ablish baseline and docu mentpry ofession our ph ysical logical k t hat com bines inst r uct or - led , e- lear ning , and self - st udy t rain in g w it h han ds- on ex per ien ce. Cisco Sy st em s has ed anoot auing t hort ar ized Lear p rog r am, tdebu o p rov w it h t he m ost I dent if y cr t reat oublesh getCisco s using pinning g, t r Par ace,t ner sh ow , clear g, ide an dy ou ot her high lyt r qualif ied inst r uct ion an d in valu able han dson ex per ience in lab and sim ulat ion oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies env iron ment s. To learn m or e about Cisco Lear ning Par t ner p rog ram s av ailable in you r ar ea, please go t o: w w .cisco. com oot / go/act t r aining Diagn osew and t r oublesh u al pr.oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g The b ooks t hat Cisco Pr ess cr eat es in par t ner ship wit h Cisco Sy st em s m eet t h e sam e st an dar ds for con t ent q ualit y dem ourlem cou- isolat rses and cerett hods if icat ions. I t iseour in t en Tick t t h at Use in st r u ct or - d evand eloped ed of p rob ion m t o r esolv Tr ouble et sy ou w ill find t his an d su bseq uent Cisco Press cer t if icat ion and t r aining pu blicat ion s of v alu e as y ou build you r net w or " Snif kin gf" ktnow he wledge ir e t o base. sp ot n et w or k issu es ThomAnaly as M.ze Kelly local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Vice- Pr cabling, esid en tsp , Ieed nt erand net Lear du plex nin, guSolut t ilization ions and Gr oup collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Cisco aut Sy st o em negot s, Iiat nc.ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Mar ch 2 003 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Introduction CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g is par t of t h e Pr act ical St u dies ser ies of Cisco Press book s d esigned t o p r ep are r eader s for t he CCNP ex ams and real- w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t echn olog ies.of Unf ort unat ely , life is n ot j ust a ch eck list and neit her is sup por t ing net w ork s. • Table Content s How ev er , if you k now how t h in gs ar e sup posed t o w ork , u se a consist ent t r oub leshoot ing m et hod • I ndex and lay er ed appr oach, ap ply y our CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing sk ills t h rou gh han ds- on ap plicat ion , and h ave a posit ive at t it u de, you ar e m ost cert ain ly on you r w ay t o shoot in g t rou ble bef ore it shoot s y ou. By Donna L. Har rington

Tr oubleshoot ing skills ar e a mu st - hav e for ev ery CCNA, CCNP, and CCI E t od ay. There is an incrPub easing lish er: dem Ciscoand Pressfor pr act ical ap plicat ion of t h e kn ow led ge learn ed in Cisco and ot her int erPub netDat w e: orkApril ing0 4, classes. Peop le lear n by d oing. Pr act ice m akes per fect . Em p loy er s w ant people 20 03 w it h degr ees an720 d cer ificat ions, but t h ey r eally need people w h o can perf or m t he job t hat t heir I SBN: 1- 58 -0 57t-0 r esumPages: e say 84 s t0hey can. This book g ives y ou a pr act ical adv ant ag e ov er t he com pet it ion t h r ough r eal- w or ld applicat ion of in t er net w or k in g t opics. I t is desig ned for CCNAs and CCNPs as w ell as t he wan t - t o- b e seekin g p ract ical ex perience in t he t op ics cov ered on t he CCNP Tr oub leshoot ing exam . Because m at erial in t h is book is v ery h elp ful for an yon e in or pur suing a su ppor t car eer, even CCI Es and ot her sup por t p rof essionals m ay enj oy rev iew ing t h e book t o shar pen t heir t r oub leshoot ing sk ills. The scope is lim it ed t o TCP/ I P and r out ing and sw it ch in g and t o a lesser Hand on pr icet rfor t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ext ents- Nov ellact I PX oublesh oot ing. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Cisco Career Certifications Cisco CCNA, CCNP, and CCI E cer t ificat ions coup led w it h field ex perience ensur e hig h st an dar ds of t ech nical exp er t ise and can lead t o out st andin g op por t un it ies. To lear n mor e ab out t he Associat e, Pr ofession al, and Ex per t cert if icat ion pat hs, go t o •w w w .cisco. com Table of US/ Content / en/ learsning / index .h t m l. •

I ndex

CCNP cal gStan udi es: Tr ouble BeyonP ra d cti b ein ex cellen t shoot t r oubing leshoot in g t rainin g t ool, t his book help s pr epar e y ou f or t h e Cisco I nt er net w ork Trou blesh oot ing ( CI T) Tr oub leshoot in g ex am , w hich is on e of t he ex am s By Donna L. Har rington r eq uir ed t o ach iev e CCNP cert if icat ion . Review t h e pu blish ed supp or t ex am t opics at w w w .cisco. com / en/ US/ lear ning / index .h t m l ( click Pr ofessional, t hen CCNP, and t h en Pub lish er: Cisco Press Tr oubleshoot ing exam ) . Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN:le1-an 58 720 57 -0 To schedu ex -0 am in t he Unit ed St at es and Canad a, v isit Prom et r ic online at w w w .pPages: r omet 84r0ic. com or VUE at w w w .v ue. com. Alt er nat iv ely , call 1- 8 00- 8 29- 6 387 ( NETS) t o r eg ist er f or an exam .

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Goals of This Book Cisco Sy st em s, Cisco Pr ess, an d I st r ong ly r ecom m en d t h at y ou supp lem ent in st r u ct or - led t r aining w it h addit ional pr act ical ex per ience t o pr epar e for Cisco cer t ificat ion ex am s and gain t h e k now led ge n ecessar y t o wor k in t he field . Cisco is st ar t ing t o m ak e sur e of t hat by in clu ding •simu lat ion s on Table of Content s ion t est s. t heir cer t if icat •

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CCNP ra cti cal St udi es:aTrCCNA ouble shoot This bPook assu mes lev elingof k now led ge. Many t im es w hen st udent s get t o t he CCNP cur r iculu m, how ever , t hey f ail t o u nder st and t he b asics of TCP/ I P net w or king an d lack a By Donna L. Har rington m et hodology t o t r oub leshoot basic issu es. Th is will n ot b e an issue f or r eaders of t his t r oub leshoot ing gu ide because supp ort in g TCP/ I P and Cisco int er net w or ks are essen t ial goals of Pub lish er: Cisco Press t his b ook. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN:is1-a58st 720 -0 57 com -0 This b ook r ong panion t o t he Cisco I nt er net w or k Trou blesh oot ing cou r se as well as ot her Pages: Cisco 84 Pr0ess and t hir d- p art y mat er ials, inclu ding t he Cisco Syst em w ebsit e, w w w .cisco. com . I t is an essent ial resour ce t o p repar e y ou for t he r eal- w or ld CCNP Tr ou bleshoot in g cer t ificat ion. I t h elp s you t est y our self b ef or e you r emp loyer s do.

To m eet t h ese g oals, t his book h elp s you d o t he follow in g: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket Est s b ablish ased on Cisco I n t and ern etdocu w or kment Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) logical t opics. int er net w or k. a baseline y our ph ysical and Wit h tTak his eb st ook, ep - you by - stcan: ep app r oach es t o t r oub leshoot ing . Under st and pr ot ocol char act er ist ics an d t ools t o h elp ident if y how t echn olog ies w or k so t hat Set an dwfhen ollowt hey along it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or y ou uk pnow ar ewbr oken. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Ex per ien ce cov erag e of I P ov er Et her net an d t he WAN. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k App ly you r t r oubleshoot ing skills f ir st han d t hr ough pr act ical chapt er scen ar ios, d et ailed Ifig dent if y an t r oublesh ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her ur es, d ex amoot ples. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Set u p a t est lab or at least w alk t h rou gh t he solut ion s t o solv e r eal- w or ld sit uat ion s v ia Diagn oseTick and t r oublesh u aldoing pr oblem s by f ollow along w itinh qaut h or- rpecog r ovided Tr ouble et s. People oot lear act n by . Hand s- on labsing assist y ou uickly nizing Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g to com mon issu es so t hat y ou av oid just apply ing t he sw ap- t ill- y ou- d rop app r oach t r oub leshoot ing . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I n addit ion, t his book pr ovides sup por t ing r esour ces and files including t r oub leshoot in g " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es check list s and char t s, t ools, Sniff er Pr o pr ot ocol an aly zer capt u res, dow n load able conf ig ur at ions, r ev iew qu est d t rhe dix m at Analy zeions, localan and emapp ot een access prerials. oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

How to Use This Book To g et t h e max im um b en ef it f r om t his b ook, wh en r eading engag e you r self in t he chapt er scenar ios pr act ical appr oaches t o su ppor t ing t h e LAN and WAN. I t is cr it ical t o lear n t o ident if y t r ouble spot s lay er ed ap pr oach—how ev er , t h is can not be accomp lished v ia m em or izat ion t echn iques. This b ook s •how t o ap plyTable s t heorofetContent ical k now ledg e and skills t o pr act ical scen ar ios. Each chap t er in clu des a scen ar •t he pr act ical Ihndex ands- on basis f or a r eview of t h e applicable t echnology . Each chap t er en ds w it h r ealCCNP P ra cti calet Stsudi es: Trned ouble Tr ouble Tick desig t oshoot giv eingy ou f ur t her p ract ical exp er ience. Havin g y our own equ ip m en t or ac equipm isrington t he id eal w ay t o p rof it f r om t his b ook ( see App en dix C) , b ut if t hat is n ot p ossible, t h e By Donna ent L. Har inf orm at ion is deliver ed t h rou gh fig ur es, conf igur at ion exam ples, and t ext , so y ou can st ill follow al pr act ical ex er cises. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Tr oubleshoot ing com man ds such as cdp, pin g, t r ace , set , show , cl ea r, an d de bug ar e u sed ext e 1- 58 720 -0 -0 book so t hat y ou can follow alon g w it h or w it hou t t h e app rop riat e eq uipm e pr int edI SBN: exam ples in57t his Pages: 0 fr om Sn iff er84Pro pr ot ocol analy zer t r aces an d ot her t ools emp hasize imp or t ant con cept s and t r ouble r eq uir ed . Each chapt er sug gest s addit ional ref er ences su ch as u t ilit ies, labs, w ebsit es, an d su pplem r ead ing as it r elat es. Ref er t o App en dix C if y ou need t o get st ar t ed rig ht aw ay on acqu iring t h e equ y our lab.

IHand sincerely wact ish ice y oufort he b est wit hTrap plyin g t h ing is book t o wy itour specif r eq uir entAN s. tI r rouble ecomm end t h s- on pr t he CCNP oubleshoot exam h TCP/ I P,ic LAN, anem dW tt he fir st couple of chap t er s t o r ev iew t he t opics y ou t h ink y ou alr eady k now . Use Ch apt er 10 as bot h icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. and a post - t est for t he b ook. I t includes a com pr ehensive set of self- g uided Trou ble Ticket s t h at ena assess y our sup you por t can: sk ills b ef or e and aft er r eading t h e book . I f you w ant , t ur n t o it now t o g et fam i Wit h t his b ook, w hat t o ex pect t h rou ghou t t h e book . Then y ou can r et u rn t o t he b eg inning of t h e book an d spend a lit t le t im e needed on t h e t opics included. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or My exwperiences st udequip ies h ave it hout t h eand act ual mentg iven m e t he challenges an d op por t unit ies needed t o liv e and w or t echnologically adv ancing societ y. Pr ovidin g t echnical ex pert ise, leadership , and supp ort t o my em p cow ork Est ers, ablish f amailybaseline , an d fr ien and dsdocu giv es ment m e yt he ourchallenge, ph ysical and encour logical ag em n et ent w or , an k d en t husiasm r eq uir ed t o t oday ' s t ech nology f or t om or row ' s com pet it ive ad van t age. Please h elp m e cont inu e t hat by sendin g I dentt oif ydon t r oublesh oot arg. get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her feedback na@shor eting raintin com. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

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Usef ind in stfiles r u ct or - d ev elop robies lem isolat hods t o on r esolv Tr ouble Tick s e at You can and link s ted o upt ilit t h- at supion porm t tet h is book t he eCisco Press w et ebsit w w w .ciscop r ess.com / 15 872 005 70. Even if you do not hav e a lab , y ou can t ak e adv ant ag e of t he su Snif f" t he w irineclu t o ding sp ot tnhe et w orsk t issu es st and device inp ut and out pu t . Th e files are list ed t hr o conf ig"ur at ion files log o u nder chapt er s in it alics. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h eedt oand du plex t ilizat ande collisions, b andw h, CSMA/ I n ordcabling, er t o be sp able read and ,wuor k w ition h som of t he su ppor t ingidt f iles of fer edCD, at on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, mor e w w w .ciscop r ess.com / 15addr 872essing 005 70,, encapsulat y ou m ay wion, ant tand o dow n load som e of t he pr ogr ams list ed in Table App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig inguCCNP and aCCI pr of essionals, isp engsab uide' s b uilds on t i ng Tabned le I for -1 aspir . Usef l Pr ogr m E( s r) f or Rea din g at his n dind Usin ThleislabBgook Su ppor Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP w w w .ci scopr e ss.com / 1 5 8 7 2 0 0 5 7 0 . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

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Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Hy perTer m in al w w w .h ilg r aev e.com

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I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshootwing ools an t ilit ies .or g .u k/ ~ sgt at ham / put t y/ d ow nload. ht m l PuTTY w wt.chiar k . dgrueenend Free Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s FTP/ TFTP/ S yslog P rogr am s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Pum pKin TFTP w w w .k lever . net / kin Yess Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and plex.,com u t ilizat ioneli/ and b andw h, CSMA/ CD,. hon ay lin k, 3CDaemon supp ort du .3 com / in fod sw collisions, lib / ut ilit ies_f or _widt indow s_32 _bit t me- w Free aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig Cisconed TFTP for aspirwing w w CCNP .cisco.and com /CCI pcgiE( r) binpr / tof ablebuild. essionals, pl/tthis f t p ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds Free on Cisco( ser v err) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Command Syntax Conventions

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Not e t h at t h ese conv ent ions ar e f or syn t ax only . By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Icons Used in This Book Thr oug hout t his b ook, you w ill see t he f ollow ing icons u sed for net w ork ing dev ices:

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her The f ollow g icons u sed herals an d ot her dev ices: t r oubin leshoot ingare t ools anfor d uperip t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

The f ollow in g icons are u sed for net w ork s an d n et wor k conn ect ions:

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Password Recovery Guidelines Don na's Cisco Passw or d Recov ery Guidelines •

* Br eak Key Seq uence

Table of Content s

/ w arp / pu blic/ 4 74/ in dex. sht lm • w w w .cisco. com I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Hy perTer m / Secur eCRT Ct r l+ Br eak Pr oCom m / Ter aTer m

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Alt + B

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 1- 58 -0 57 -0 0, 20 00,I SBN: 250 0, 30720 00, 400 70 00 Pages: 84 0

16 00, 170 0, 26 00, 360 0, 45 00, 470 0, 55 00, 600 0, 75 00

Cat OS 29 00, 500 0, 6 000 Sw it ch es

1. Est ablish console session.

1. Est ablish console session.

1. Est ablish console session.

96 00b , 8d , 0p, 1s, no flow 96 00b , 8d , 0p, 1s, no flow con t rol. Hand s- on Trr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 96 00b , 8dpr, act 0p,ice 1s,for not he flowCCNP cont ol. t icket b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. cont rsol. Wit 2. hPower t his bcy ook, cle you and can: pr ess 2. Power cy cle and pr ess Br eak key * w it h in f irst 60 Br eak key * w it h in f irst 60 second s. second s. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

2. Power cy cle. Wit h in f irst 30 second s pr ess Ent er f or user passw ord , get in t o enab le mod e, aligned t o pr each op ic, w itleh or and also ess ex Entam er tfor enab passw ord .

3. Observ Est ablish e anda baseline r ecor d and 3. docu Observ mente yand our rph ecor ysical d and logical 3. Chan n etge w or t he k passw or ds as usual conf ig - r eg ist er . Nor mally conf ig - r eg ist er . Nor mally using set pa ss an d set dent t ar21 get s using r ace,resh clear debu 0x 21I 02. > ifoy t r oublesh oot ing 0x 02. rom mpin on1g,> tconf g owe,na ble,pa ss. g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 4. Chan ge conf ig - r eg ist er 4. Chan ge conf ig r egist er t o 4. Sin ce t hese devices w rit e t heir t o ig Diagn nor e st ar t upconf ig ignor e st ar t up config conf ig aut ically shou ld ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w itomat h aut h or- py rou ovided ( NVRAM) . ( NVRAM) . only n eed t o t est you r passwor ds. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g > o/ Use r 0 x2 re g- isolat 0 x 2 1 ion 4 2 m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s in1st4r 2u ct or - d ev elop ed> pconf rob lem Then" Snif init ialize f" t he wwitirhe>t oi sp ot n>etre w se or kt issu es 5. Press Ctze r l+local C t o and b reak Follow pr Stoblem eps 5–9 t he et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy r em ot e5.access s inf or Et hern out of set u p mod e. 20 00, 250 0, 30 00, 400 0, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, and 70 00 t o t he ion, left . and mor e aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat 6. Fr om enab le mod e, 29 00XL, 35 00XL, 295 0, 3 550 Sw it ches ly st a ar layt er ed bt rou t y pe App copy r un ut blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g envex iron s do not it . ment ( Old com m and is confi g m e m . ) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

7. Rest or e t h e config r eg ist er an d b r in g up all int er faces.

1. Est ablish console session.

r 1( conf ig) # confi g- re g 0x210 2

( I f you h ad p rev iously en abled boot - en ab le br ea k , t h e dev ice w ould r espon d lik e a r ou t er and you could follow t h e pr oced ur es fr om t here. )

96 00b , 8d , 0p, 1s, no flow con t rol

t s0of Content s • r 1( conf ig) # in Table •

I ndex

r 1( conf ig- if) # no sh ut

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

8.Donna Recor orrington chang e By L. dHar

t he

passw ord s. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r 1# sh r un ( or sh conf ig ) Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN:g 1-t 58 720 -0 57 -0 r 1# confi

2. Un plug t he p ow er cab le fr om back of sw it ch. Reconnect w h ile y ou h old t he f ron t p anel m ode bu t t on. Release t he mod e but t on a couple secon ds af t er t he f ir st por t on t h e sw it ch is no longer illum in at ed. You should see a m essage ab out t he sy st em b ein g int er ru pt ed pr ior t o t he Flash m emor y f ile sy st em init ializ in g.

Pages: 84 0

r 1( conf ig) # e na ble p ass don na r 1( conf ig) # e na ble se cr et har r in gt on Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s big) ased r 1( conf # lion ne Cisco vty 0In 4 t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit t hisigb ook, can: r 1(hconf line) #you pa ss don na Setigu pline) an d# feollow r 1( conf nd along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 9. Save t he conf ig ur at ion 3. Typ e fl a sh _ in it an d t hen t yp e loa d_ he lpe r. You can list t he ablish docuinment and logical et w orltk conf igur at ion is and Est r eload . a baseline and files flashy our wit hph diysical r fl ash: , an d t he ndefau conf ig .t ex t . I dent ru if y nt rst oublesh r 1# copy a rt ( oroot w ing r t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her m emt r)oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn r 1# re l oa dose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r 1# sh v e rsion Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

4. Typ e m ore f la sh :conf ig. t e xt t o v iew t he p assw or ds. I f not encry pt ed , y ou ar e d one. I f en cr y pt ed, g o t o St ep 5 . 5. Renam e t he conf igur at ion file as f ollow s: re na m e fl ash: con fi g. t ex t fl ash: con fig . ol d. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

6. Boot t h e sy st em w it h t he boot com m and. Answ er n f or n o t o st ar t set up. Go t o enable m ode by t y ping e na ble , b ut do n ot ex it . 7. Renam e t he conf igur at ion file t o it s or iginal n am e as follow s:

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

re na m e fl ash: con fi g. old fl ash: confi g. t e xt . 8. Copy t h e config ur at ion f ile t o m em ory wit h t h e confi g m e m or copy fl a sh :confi g. t e xt syst e m : run nin g- conf ig com m and. Accept conf ig .t ex t as t he sour ce and r un ning- conf ig as t he dest inat ion filenam es.

Pages: 84 0

9. Chan ge t he passw or ds. e na ble p assw or d don na e na ble se cr et har r in gt on Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 10w.orSav e oub youleshoot r configinurgat( CI ions. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et k Tr T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

copy ru n st a rt ( or w r m e m )

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Comparing Models •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Cisco Configuration Register •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Part I: Protocol Characteristics and Tools Ch apt er 1 Sh oot ing Tr ouble • •

Ch apt er 2 W hat ' s in You r Tool Bag ? Table of Content s I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 1. Shooting Trouble This chap t er ser v es as t he b asis f or t h e t r oublesh oot ing exer cises t hr oug hout t his b ook. I n add it ion t o a solid under st andin g of specific t echnologies, eff ect iv e t r oubleshoot ing r eq uir es t hat y• ou f ollow consist pr ocedur es t hat ar e based on ind ust ry st an dar ds an d reliable m et hods. Th e Table ent of Content s Op en Sy st em I n t er connect ion ( OSI ) m odel an d t he TCP/ I P su it e can h elp y ou m et hod ically div ide • I ndex and conqu er a p rob lem or lear n a n ew in t ern et w or k ing t opic ( b y t ak in g a layer - by - lay er CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing app roach, for in st an ce) . This chapt er p resen t s an int r odu ct ion t o t r oublesh oot ing; a r eview of By Donna L. Har rington st andar d s, pr ot ocols, an d in dust r y m odels; and pr act ical t r oubleshoot ing , including baselining and docum ent at ion t echniqu es. Th ese st an dar ds, m odels, and t ech niques ar e cov er ed in t h is Puber lishso er: tCisco Press can ref er t o t h em as you w or k t hr oug h t he specif ic t r oub leshoot ing t ask s in chapt hat you t hisPub b ook. Dat e:This April chapt 0 4, 20 03 er in clu des a Tr oub le Tick et designed t o g ive y ou pr act ical ex per ien ce in solvingI SBN: r eal-1-wor ld -0issues u sin g Cisco's t rou blesh oot ing appr oach. 58 720 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

This chap t er cov er s t he f ollowin g t opics: Do You Sh oot Tr oub le or Does Tr oub le Shoot You ? Ston andprard andforPrtot Hand sactsice heocols CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Mod els an d Met h ods Wit h t his b ook, you can: Pr act ical Tr ou bleshoot in g Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Do You Shoot Trouble or Does Trouble Shoot You? Tr oubleshoot ing is all ab out r edu cing g uessw or k and elim inat in g t h e obv ious. Follow ing a syst em at ic m et h od is essen t ial du rin g t he t r oub leshoot ing pr ocess. Met h odical pr oblem solving is t he cor e of t h e CI T cour se, t he CCNP Tr oub leshoot in g t est , an d t his book , r egar dless of t echn ical •int r icacies. Many Table tof s her or n ot y ou use a sy st em at ic m et hod det er min es if y ou shoot imContent es, w het •t r oub le or if tI rou ndexble shoot s y ou. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Shoot in g r ourington ble is oft en abou t q uest ion s. Do y ou ask t he equ ip m en t or t h e user? Who is w ait ing By Donna L. tHar for t he r esu lt s? What has happ en ed ? When did it occur ? W hy ? Wher e did it h appen? Ar e y ou using 10 / 100 - Mbp s Et h er net t o t h e deskt op ; 1 55- Mb ps ATM; or car rier serv ices su ch as cable Pub lish er: Cisco Press m odem s, digit al sub scr iber line ( DSL) , w ir eless, I SD N, Fr am e Relay , Sw it ch ed Mu lt imegab it Dat a e: April 0 4, 20 03 ServPub iceDat ( SMDS) , ATM, or long - haul Et h er net ? The pr ot ocols, t ech nologies, m ed ia, and t opologies I SBN: 58 720plexit -0 57 -0y and t he on ly t hing const ant is chang e. So w her e do you begin? ent ail lot s of1- com Pages: 84 0

NO TE Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble App en dix A m at er ial fr om t he Cisco inst r uct or - led Cisco I nt er net w or k Tr oublesh oot ing t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ( CI T) cou rse f or t h e CCNP Supp ort exam is cov ered t hr oug hout t his ch apt er and in or eb det ailyou in t can: he r elev ant chapt er s of t his b ook. Consider t his ch apt er fer t ile w it h t est Wit h m t his ook, m at erial; ev en m or e im por t ant ly , it mak es an excellent pr act ical rev iew . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The f ir st t opic is st an dar ds and p rot ocols. Thin k back for a m om en t t o t he last t ime you chat t ed w it h aEst f riend . Cer t ain ly you andocu d y our fr ien d had som et and hing logical t o sharne,et w regar ablish a baseline and ment y our ph ysical or k dless of t he m et hod used t o com mu nicat e. I f y ou m ade a phon e call, y ou w ere list ening t o each ot her t alk . I f you sen t an I dent e- m if yailt ror oublesh used oot a chat ing tclient ar get, syou using w ere pinsend g, t r ace, in g dsh at ow a b,ack clear and , debu for t h. g, Whet an d ot her herit was you r hom et rpoub hone, leshoot w ir eless ing t ools phonan e, doru tPC, ilit ies com m unicat ions media w as in p lace n onet heless. I assum e t hat y ou wait ed for t he f riend t o say hello fir st and t h at y ou t ook t ur n s t alkin g. You spok e t he osee and r oublesh actiple u al lan pr oblem s byHop f ollow ing you along w it hpolit auteh enoug or- p r ovided sam eDiagn languag or utnder st oodoot m ult guag es. ef ully, w ere h t o not t alk ( r )per OSson andw Cisco OS( rYou ) Sofmay t w arhav e com m and , ou t put ,som ande loggin w hile Cat t healy otst her as t alkI ing. e had t o tinp rouutbleshoot issuesgw hile t alk ing w it h t he f riend . Perh aps a lig ht nin g st or m h it y our p hone line or you d ialed t he w r ong nu m ber. Use in st r u ct - d ev elopped p rob lem - isolat m et hods ouble Tickmetay s not hav e May be y ou didn 't or pay y our hone bill and t he ion ser vice w as ttuornr esolv ed ofef. Tr The fr iend answ ered or t h e phon e m ay hav e been b usy. May be y our f r iend h ad caller I D and p ick ed u p Snif t he w ir eitt ow as sp ot n etRegar w or k issu esof y our ex act scen ario, t hr ough out t he cont act you r ight "aw ayf"because y ou. dless had t o decid e you r nex t st ep. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g NO TE env iron ment s Con t inue t o t hin k about y our com m unicat ions w it h y our f riend as y ou read t hr oug h t his Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on chapt er . You m ay begin t o see how a d if fer en t p er spect ive or an an alogy can help y ou Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP t o sim plify com plex t op ics. Thr ou ghout t h is book , I include occasional an alog ies I hav e Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, fou nd t o be v er y h elpf ul t o m y st ud en t s lear n in g in t h e classroom . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Standards and Protocols Com m un icat ion r ules are refer r ed t o as st andar d s an d pr ot ocols. Play ing w it h t he r ight r ules t o t he gam e nor m ally means you ar e m or e apt t o com m unicat e w ell in t he net w or kin g g am e. St and ard s ar e r ules, con dit ions, and r equir em ent s t hat can be de j ur e, de f act o, pr opr iet ary , or •open. De j ur eTable of Content st andar ds ar es of ficial; by legislat ion t hey ar e endor sed by a st and ard s body , such •as t h ose list ed I ndex in Table 1 - 1. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Tab le 1 -1 . St an da r ds Bodi es

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

St a nd ar ds84Body Pages: 0

Acron ym

Ex am pl es

Am er ican Nat ion al St and ar ds I nst it ut e

ANSI

C

w w w .an si. or g

Cob ol

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h Fort TCP/ran I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. X3T9 .5 Wit his ional b ook,Telecom you can: I nthert nat m un icat ion Union

I TU

V. 22

w w w .it u . in t V. 32 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment V. 34 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical V. 42 n et w or k [ * ] g, an d ot her dent if yElect t r oublesh oot ing t ar get g, t r ace, sh ow80 , clear , debu I nst itI ut e of r ical and Elect ron ics using pin I EEE 2. 2 LLC t r oubs leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies En gineer 80 2. 3 Et her net Diagn st andar d s.ose ieee.and or g t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp80 ut2. , ou 5 Token t put , and Ringloggin g w w w .ieee. or g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I nt er nat ional Or ganizat ion for I SO ( not an OSI St and ard izat ionw ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es acron ym ) " Snif f" t he I S- I S w w wAnaly .iso. or g ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Elect ron ic I ndu st r ies EI A/ TI A EI A/ TI A 5 68 Com m er cial Building aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Allian ce/ Telecom m unicat ions I n dust r y Telecom m unicat ions Wir ing Associat ion St and App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou ard t ing and swit chin g

env iron ment s w w w .eia. or g

RS- 2 32

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on w w w .t iaon lin e. or g EI A/ TI A 2 32 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP TrI nt oubleshoot ing exam Full For of pr r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, er net Engineerin g .Task ceact ical ex er cises I ETF t h at g et y ou RFCs CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealwworwld w .iet ap plicat f .or g ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

I nt er net Assig ned Num bers Aut hor it y

I ANA

Por t an d p r ot ocol num ber s

w w w .ian a.or g

[*]

LLC = Logical Link Contr ol

TCP/ I P and OSI exam psles of n onpr opr iet ary open st an dar ds t h at ar e w idely used t od ay. • Tablearofe Content St and ard s ar e w onder fu l t hin gs; t h at 's w h y w e hav e so m any . Webop ed ia • I ndex (CCNP w w wP.w ebop ed ia. com ) defines st and ard as a definit ion or f or mat t hat has b een app rov ed by a ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing r ecogn ized st and ard s or ganizat ion or is accep t ed as a de f act o st and ard b y t he in dust r y. By Donna L. Har rington St and ard s exist for p rog ram m ing langu ages, oper at in g sy st ems, d at a f orm at s, com m unicat ions pr ot ocols, and elect r ical in t erf aces. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

As an Pub exam Dat e: April ple of 0 4,an 20 03 ev olu t ion of t echn olog y t hr oug h st an dar ds, consider t he cr eat ion of t he I nt er net . Accor in -0 g 57 t o-0" 20 Quest ion s: How t h e Net Wor ks, " by Scot Finnie at I SBN: 1- 58 d 720 w w w .scot fin84 nie. Pages: 0 com / 20 quest s/ h ow net . ht m # Q1, no on e per son or g rou p can claim t his f am e; how ev er , in 19 62 a series of m em os d iscussed t h e " Galact ic Net w ork Concep t " f r om MI T's J. C. R. Lick lid er . Lick lider lat er becam e t he head of t he D ep art m ent of Defense ( DoD ) Ad van ced Resear ch Proj ect s Agency ( ARPA) . TCP/ I P r esear ch began in 19 61, an d in 1 967 ARPA' s Law r ence Rob er t s p ublished his plan for t he w or ldw ide net w or k . Test s wer e condu ct ed f or sev eral year s, and e- m ail and t he I n t er n et m ade t h eir f irst pub lic appear ances in 19 72. TCP/ I P p rot ocols an d Hand s- onmpr acttice t heint CCNP oubleshoot it h TCP/ LAN,Web an d (W AN t r ouble ser v ices ade heirfor w ay o t heTrnet w or k in t ing he 1exam 970 s. wThe Wor ldI P,Wide WWW) w as bor n tinicket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. t he lat e 1 980 s. The Nat ional Science Found at ion ( NSF) t ook ov er t he m anag em ent of ARPANET in 199 0. I n t he m id- 1 990 s, NSFnet w as t ur ned ov er t o a con sor t ium of pub lic p rov ider s Wit h t his b ook, you can: w e k now t oday as I nt er net ser vice pr ov iders ( I SPs) . Many st and ard s bod ies ar e r esp onsible for t he I n t er n et ' s exist ence and m aint enan ce, includ in g t he f ollow ing : Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment I nt er net Societ y ( I SOC) , w h ich includes t h e I nt ern et Ar ch it ect u re Boar d ( I AB) f or br oad dir ion and ov eralland ar chit ectment ur e and t h ephI nysical t ern etand En gineer eerin Estect ablish a baseline docu y our logicaling n etSt w or k g Grou p ( I ESG) . II nt er net ned oot Num Autshor it y (pin I ANA) d I sh n t er Net ,wor k I g, nf or dent if y tAssig r oublesh ingbers t ar get using g, t ran ace, own,etclear debu anmat d otion herCent er (t rI oub nt erleshoot NI C) f or I P ad dr esses, d om ain nam es, and ot h er n um ber s. ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Wor ld ose Widand e Web Consoroot t ium for HTML d w eb andar ds. Diagn t r oublesh act( WC3) u al pr oblem s byan f ollow ingstalong w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g I nt er net Engineerin g Task For ce ( I ETF) f or RFCs an d sm oot h oper at ion s. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I nt er net Research Task For ce ( I RTF) f or ong oing r esearch. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es TCP/ I P open st an dar ds ( n onpr opr iet ary ) are based on Requ est For Com ment s ( RFCs) ; w h er eas, pr opr Analy iet ar yze st andar ds arr em e v ot endor - specific. Refer t o Et whern w w .ret f c-net edit or gint oclud r ead and local and e access pr oblem s in wor or.ks, ingRFCs issues w itfor h m or e cabling, det ail onspt he RFC pr ocess, includ ing a t r ibut e t o Jon Post el w ho w as t he RFC Edit or eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay. Figur lin k, e 1- 1 shaut ows t he RFC Ed it or. Also refer t o w w w .iet f .or g/ rf c/ rf c2026 . t xt f or p art icular s. o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Figu r e 1 - 1 . RFC Edit or

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, sizean im age] CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g[ View g ivesfully ou edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Any pr opose a new st and ard , w hich t hen g oes t hr ough v ar ious levels t ow ar d mat u r it y . Wit hone t hiscan b ook, you can: All RFCs st ar t out as dr aft s, but not all dr aft s m at ur e t o RFCs. When pub lished, RFCs do not chang e. Up dat es get a new RFC nu mb er . You can r ev iew pr ivat e addr essing in RFC 191 8, f or an d obsolet f ollow along h real-RFC w or ld exam Set ple, uwphich es t he woritiginal 15 lab 97. scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment De f act o st and ard s include ex am ples su ch as t he Hay es com m and set for con t r olling m odem s, Estmablish baseline and mdocu ment ysical and n etcont w orrkol lan guag e ( PCL) and t he Ker it an d aXm odem com unicat ionsy our p rotph ocols, and t h logical e pr int er post scrip t f or laser p rin t er s. Alt hou gh num er ous d e fact o st an dar ds m ay h ave st ar t ed as dent y t r oublesh oot ing bt ar using pin g, ace, sh owas , clear , debu ot her pr opr Iiet ar yif imp lem ent at ions, y get t hest im e t hey aret r regar ded de fact o stg, anan dardds t h er e ar e t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies m any d if fer ent v endor imp lem ent at ions. One exam p le of t his is qu it e r elevan t t o Ch apt er 7, " Shoot in g Tr ou ble w it h VLANs on Rout er s and Sw it ches" ; t he ex am ple is t h e t w o d if fer en t w ay s Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided t hat Et h er n et t r unk ing can occur : Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use st r uch ct or - d ev p robis lem - isolat m et hods o retesolv I nt erinSwit Link ( Ielop SL) ,ed w hich t he Ciscoion p rop r iet ar y t m hod e Tr ouble Tick et s "80 Snif f" t he ir eist ot hsp n et st w or k issu 2. 1Q, whwich e ot I EEE andar d es and r em e access in Et hern et net ks, vend in clud w it h a St andAnaly ard s ze ar elocal im por t ant . Thotey en able pr difoblem fer en ts people ( and diffwerorent or ing s) t oissues ap pr oach cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew linby k, t ask in a similar w ay t o achieve a sim ilar solut ion t hat w or ks. St an dar ds can be cat egoray ized aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e how t hey ar e r ecogn ized : pr op riet ar y or open. Prop r iet ar y begin nings t en d t o pr odu ce de f act o st andar d s ( Hayes, Ker mit , and PCL) . Open beginn in gs t end t o pr oduce d e ju re st an dar ds ( TCP/ I P App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g and RFCs) . I f it is t r uly a p rop riet ar y solut ion and ot her v endor s cannot use it , it pr obab ly is not env iron ment s a st an dar d. A st andar d r eally r efers t o a solu t ion av ailable t o mu lt iple v en dor s. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Now t h at I hav e defined st andar ds and t he st and ar ds pr ocess, w hat abou t t h e need f or Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP pr ot ocols? Com m un icat ion s pr ot ocols ar e r ules g over ning t he t ran sm it t ing ( Tx ) and receiv ing Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ( Rx ) of dat a so t hat diff erent end sy st ems or applicat ions can comm u nicat e w it h on e anot h er . A CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealpr ot ocol is an ag reed- up on for m at f or t r ansm it t ing dat a bet w een t w o d ev ices. Th e pr ot ocol w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. det er min es h ow t h e send ing and r eceiv ing dev ices com m unicat e, such as t he ind icat or for sen ding and r eceivin g a m essage. The pr ot ocol also defin es t he t y pe of er ror - checkin g an d d at aCCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e com pr ession m et hod s if any ar e used. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Ex am ples of pr ot ocol suit es include TCP/ I P, OSI , I EEE, App leTalk , DECnet , Nov ell I n t ern et w or k Packet Ex ch ange ( I PX) , and I BM Sy st em s Net w or k Ar ch it ect ur e ( SNA) . A pr ot ocol suit e or st ack is like man y subcont r act or s bu ild in g a hou se. Br ick layer s t ak e care of t he f ound at ion , t h e elect r ician s put in t he w ir es, t h e plum b er s inst all t h e pipes, t h e fr am er s f r ame it up , r oofer s carr y ou t t h eir par t , and f in ally t he h omeow ner s do t heir ow n finishing t ouches. I n net w ork ing , dif fer en t pr ot ocols oper at e at each layer t o carr y ou t f und am en t al fu nct ions such as encapsulat ion, segm ent at ion and r e- assemb ly, con nect ion cont r ol ( conn ect ion- orient ed or connect ionless) , f low cont rsol, er ror con t rol, mu lt ip lex ing, and deliver y. • Table of Content •

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These pr ot ocols use r ules t o d ict at e how com m unicat ion is est ab lished. Unless ever yon e play s by CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing t he sam e r ules, comm u nicat ion is n ot possible. As a f un dem onst r at ion of t he im por t ance of By Donna d L.sHar rington st andar and pr ot ocols, I gav e sev er al gr oup s of t ech nology st ud en t s a car d gam e t o play . The r ules w er e on a piece of p aper giv en t o each gr oup . Unbek now nst t o t hem , each g rou p was given a sligh Pub lish t lyer:diff Cisco er ent Press set of r ules. ( One sheet said ace is h igh, anot her said t he j oker is a w ild car d, andPub y etDat anot her0 4, said j oker loses. ) Each g rou p was in st ru ct ed t o play by t he r ules and not t o t alk . e: April 20 03 When tI hey e com ort able in t heir ow n lit t le g rou ps of f our or f ive, I mov ed one per son f r om SBN: w 1- er 58 720 -0 57f-0 each tPages: eam t84 o 0anot h er gr oup. I t w as chaos, t o say t he least , as t hey t r ied t o play t h e gam e w it h dif fer en t un der st an ding s of t he r ules. They f in ally figur ed it out and ag reed t hat a st andar d set of r ules ( pr ot ocol) is d ef init ely beneficial.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icketNO s b ased TE on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h Under t his b ook, you st can: st anding and ard s and pr ot ocols and t h eir lay er ed appr oach w ill assist y ou in app ly ing int er net w or king sk ills an d sh oot in g t rou ble in a p ract ical env iron ment . I n add it ion , w it h su ch u nder st an ding y ou will b e on you r w ay t o passin g m any Sett ifuicat p an d ftollow cer ion est s. along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Models and Methods Mod els ar e g uidelines for com m unicat ions an d met h ods f or t r oubleshoot ing. This sect ion cover s t he m odel, t he DoD' s TCP/ I P suit e, an d Cisco's sev en - st ep app r oach t o t r oublesh oot ing. •

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The OSI Model CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

You hav e pr obab ly dealt w it h t he OSI m odel m ore t imes t h an you care t o r emem ber . Hopefu lly , h ow r ev iew w ill m ake t he OSI mod el meanin gfu l t o you . Use it t o t rou blesh oot t h e pr act ical lab scen ario er:t o Cisco as wPub elllish as undPress er st and and r eview int er net w or kin g t op ics. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SO b eg an wor on t h-0e OSI m odel in t he lat e 197 0s and p ublished t he OSI r efer ence m odel in 1 984 I SBN: 1- 58 k 720 -0 57 int er operab ilit y amon g vend ors. I t is one of t h e best t r oub leshoot ing m odels ar ound , and ev er y cert Pages: 84 0 v en dor w ill t est t o m ake su re y ou ar e an ex per t in t his ar ea. Be aw ar e, how ever , t h at ev er y v endor app roach t o OSI . ( I w r it e fr om ex perience h er e; I h ave been heav ily in volv ed in not only Cisco, bu t Micr osof t , Nov ell, an d Com pTI A ( A+ / Net w ork + ) cer t ificat ion cou rse deliv er y ov er t he y ears. ) Alt hou gh t he f ocu s her e is on und er st and in g t he OSI mod el and using it t o t r oubleshoot , t he OSI m Hand pritact icew for he CCNP Trerop oubleshoot it hdizat TCP/ion, I P, an LAN, d W AN ytou r ouble ot her s-b on en ef s as ell (t such as int er ab ilit ying anexam d st anwdar d itan enables t o sub divid e tt icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ask s w it hout hav ing t o alt er ot h er lay er s) . For ex am ple, net w or k int erf ace card ( NI C) vend ors reall t o be concern ed w it h w hat upper - lay er ap plicat ion s and pr ot ocols r un ov er t he har d war e. How ever , Wit h t his b ook, you can: m ust b e concer ned w it h LAN t echnolog ies such as Et hern et , Token Ring , and w hat phy sical sp ecifica and connect or s) t o follow . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Please Do Not Threaten Support People Again Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I lov e m nem onics. Th ey may seem sim p le, b ut t hey can b e sur pr ising ly ef fect ive in h elpin g com m it I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her m em or y . I n t his case, P lease D o N ot Thr eat en Sup por t P eople Again is a t ool t o help y ou rem emb er t h t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies lay er s of t h e OSI m odel, as d isplay ed in Table 1 - 2. Not e t he lay er s an d p rot ocol dat a unit s ( PD Us) i Alt hou gh oft en r ef er r ed t o as j ust p lain old packet s, PDUs act ually cam e fr om t he I SO. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w orTab k issulees1 -2 .

O SI Lay er s a nd PDUs

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h OSI La y er N u m b er OSI La y er N a m e P DU cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mores e ( dat a, v oice, video) 7 App licat ion Messag 6 5

P r oot esent ion h odologyMessag v oice, App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh ingatmet t o r eal-es life( dat roua,t ing and video) swit chin g env iron ment s Session Messag es ( dat a, v oice, video)

[ * ]sab Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E(t r) pr of essionals, isp en le agr lab ams g uide b uilds 4 Tr anspor Segmt his en t sind ( TCP ) / dat ( UD P[ * ] ) on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP N et ork r ams Tr3 oubleshoot ing exam . Full of prwact ical ex er cises t hPacket at g et s/y dat ou rag eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal2 D at a Link Fram es w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 1 P hy sical Bit s CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[*]

TCP = Tr anspor t Contr ol Pr otocol

[*]

UDP = User Datagr am Protocol

Tak e each lay er an d ex am ine t h e ser v ices pr ov ided t o or f rom t he n ex t lay er . I t is h elpf ul t o dr aw a end syst em s com m un icat in g t o un derst and t h e layer s. ( See Figur e 1- 2 . ) Oft en you m iss a lot of im p t o- h ost act ivit y if y ou look only at t he sour ce or t he dest in at ion h ost of one p r ot ocol st ack . Figur e 1Gr oup Wise h ost a, w hich send s e- m ail t o Ex chang e host b. The gener al lay er ed appr oach is pr esent e •t he applicat ion Table Content s d etofails. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Figu r e 1 - 2 . End- Sy st e m Da t a Flow Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Not ice how t he sour ce Gr oupWise h ost a encapsulat es t he m essag e as it w or k s it s w ay f rom Lay er 7 acrossDiagn t he w ire.and Assum ing t hat in at ion Exchan ge host is on wanot h er hnet , lot s of encap ose t r oublesh oott he actdest u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing balong it h aut or- w p rork ovided encapsulat ion occur s b et ween Lay er s 1 t hr ou gh 3 u nt il t he pack et get s t o t he dest in at Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ion h ost ( r out oper at ions) . The dest in at ion h ost pu lls t he f ram es of f t he w ir e and pr ocesses ( de- en capsulat es) t he st ack Use fr ominLayer 1 -t d o ev Lay er ed 7 so t hat t he e- m ion ail app iont ocan r ead t he e- mTick ail. et The st r u ct or elop p rob lem - isolat m etlicat hods r esolv e Tr ouble s pr ocessing inc necessar y r e- or der ing and r e- assemb ly of packet s t h at r esult f r om pack et r out ing and f rag ment at io " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Under st anding a lay er ed app roach and pack et f low s is cr it ical t o b ein g a good t r oub leshoot er . That ' pu t allAnaly t hat ze t heory u ff rin cour ses. I f y ou sdin on't k noweth net ow wt horinks, gs in w or k cor ly, how local st and emt heir ot e access pr oblem Et hern clud ingrect issues w it hin t he wo k now cabling, w h at is w r ong? En d sy st em –t o–end sy st em Ex chang e and Gr oup Wise m essag in g is t lin he k,m ain e sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay shar eaut w itoh negot st u dent s in m any of m y classes. Tak e a look ag ain at Figur e 12 an d t hen at Figur e 1- 3 ( iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e encapsulat ion) t o r eview t h e pack et flow and layer op er at ions. For m or e det ail, r ef er t o m at er ials on CCNPApp fr om ly Cisco a lay erPress ed t rou and blesh ot her ootping ublishers. met h odology I par t icu t o larly r eal- life lik e rou Jefft ing Doyand le's swit Rou chin t in g gTCP/ I P, Volum es t hin k env t heyiron belong ment son ev er yon e' s shelf. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises y ou psul r eadyat f orion challenges on t he j ob, Figu r e 1t h-at 3 .g et Enca CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble En capssub lat ionon ( f r Cisco amin g) liket e wwor r apping resen t sinf or else so t h at he or she can t ear t he w t icket ased I n is t ern k Tr oubpleshoot g ( someone CI T) t opics. pap er off . Anot h er an alogy m any p eop le use w hen refer r ing t o encapsulat ion is t hat it is lik e w r it in g st ufhfing let t er in can: an I P env elop e t o b e deliv er ed t o a dest inat ion. Think of encapsulat ion as p laci Wit t hist hbeook, you y our m ailbox an d p ut t ing t h e flag up t o let t he p ost al w ork er k now t o pick up and d eliv er t he let t er; w ill help you analy ze t he field s of t he I P header in Ch apt er 3, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h I P." Each hop Setalon u p gant he d f ollow wfitthherealwaging or ld lab scenar aligned t o each w it hages or ( La dev ice) w ay stalong r ips of pack ( Layer 2 ios fr am ing/ en cap su lat ex ionam ) ant op d ric, epack w it/hout e lat action ual) fequip ment fr am ing en capt hsu or t h e next hop closer t o t he d est inat ion ( Layer 3 ) . Figur e 1- 3 illust r at es t h encapsulat ion / de- encapsulat ion pr ocess for Et her net , includ in g t he dest inat ion add ress ( DA) , sou rc ablish a baseline our eph ysicalseq and logical n et,wall or kof w h ich ar e exam ined in m ( SA) , Est t y pe or len gt h field and ( T/ L)docu , an dment t he fyram check uence ( FCS) Ch apt er 5, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h Et h er net . " I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r oub leshoot t ools, w anhich d u tis ilitnot iesh in g mor e t h an a set of inst r uct ions f or it s peer lay er . Wit h T Each tlayer ad ds a ing header exam ple, t h e up per- lay er m essages ( dat a, voice, or v ideo pack et s) get en cap su lat ed ( st uf fed) insid and r oublesh u alspproroblem s by ingy.along it h autth Lay or- perr ovided seg m Diagn en t or ose UDP dattagr am atoot t h eact Tran t Layer f orf ollow deliver The Trwanspor segm ent ( con ne Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g w or k Lay er I P p or ien t ed ) or dat agr am ( conn ect ionless) get s encapsulat ed ( st uf fed) in sid e of t he Net dat ag r am ( connect ionless) . Th e num ber of segm ent s sent befor e ackn ow ledg em ent is r eq uired m ay Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ( w indow ing ) . The I P pack et get s encapsulat ed ( st uff ed) in sid e of t he Dat a Lin k Lay er fr am e. I n Et he inst ance, het he pr eam PRE) " Sniftf" w ir eble t o (sp ot n st et art w ors kt he issuf ram es e an d t he t r ailer ( cy clic redu ndan cy ch eck [ CRC] or FC fr am e. I f necessary , an Add ress Resolut ion Prot ocol ( ARP) p ack et is b r oadcast ( local br oadcast ) t o r dest inat ionze I Plocal add ress t o it s pr eqoblem uiv alent Cont r olin( MAC) dr ess (wLayer 2). I f Analy and (rLay em er ot e3)access s inMedia Et hernAccess et net w or ks, clud ingadissues it h dest inat ion host is on t h e same su bnet , t h e MAC is t he d est inat ion h ost ' s add ress. I f t he d est inat cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, ion dif fer en net ,iat t he result r esolut ion is gener d ef autt osub negot ion, addring essing , encapsulat ion,ally andt he mor e ault g at eway ( local rou t er int erf ace) MA ARP is not necessary acr oss a serial point - t o- point lin k becau se it is not a br oadcast seg m en t like Et I P p ack etlyd est inat P ad dr ess d ing oesn' t chan ge d urt in norlife malrou dest in atand ion-swit based App a lay erion ed tIrou blesh oot met h odology o gr ealt ing chinrou g t ing; how ever MAC add chan env resses iron ment s ge each h op alon g t he w ay . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, TEical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNPNO Pr act w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. The p r eceding par agr aph d iscusses I P, b ut t his lay er ed appr oach cer t ainly app lies t o var ious p acks ( su ch asies: NovTr elloublesh I PX, I BM pleTalk , and on ) ical . CCNPstPr act ical St ud oot SNA, in g p rAp ovides y ou w it hso p ract inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Net w ork ing is lim it ed by t he st and ard s t hat pr evail. Even t houg h 10- MB, 100 - MB, an d Gig abit Et her ar e av ailab le t oday , for ex am ple, t he fr am e size is st ill lim it ed t o 15 00 by t es. What if ev er y t hing d o t he fr am e? Think of it like sendin g a box of Chr ist m as g ift s r at h er t han just a Chr ist m as car d. You c bigg er box t o put all t h e pr esent s in or send lot s of sm aller on es. Ju st like t he Ch rist m as box , if ev e doesn' t f it in t he f r ame, I P fr agm ent s t h e dat a int o sm aller packet s ( chu nk s) each h op alon g t h e w a t• he fr am e t y pe or t h e m axim um t r ansmission u nit ( MTU) set on t he int er face. The in it ial pack et I D n Table of Content s be r an dom ly generat ed , but t h e su bseq uent packet I D s ar e seq uent ial in nat u re f or r e- ord er ing and • I ndex pu rp oses. Som e Lay er 3 pr ot ocols, su ch as I PX, d on't f rag ment t he dat a at all. The Phy sical Layer r CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing ( 0s and 1s) t o t r aver se t he w ir e. A lot of act iv it y occur s am ong t he low er lay er s u nt il t h e packet s r e By Donna Har rington dest inatL. ion host . De-Pub encapsulat ion is lik e op en in g en velopes or pr esen t s. Each lay er r ead s and car ries out t he in st ru c lish er: Cisco Press peerPub layer , discar ds he header ( inst r uct ions) , and sends t he pack et s up t he st ack f or fu r t her pr oces Dat e: April 0 4, 20 t03 lay er r Ieceiv es ser v ices fr om t he lay er below and pr ov id es ser vices t o t he lay er abov e it . SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 The f ollow in g sect ions cover t he OSI m od el lay er by lay er. I t is assum ed t h at y ou are som ew hat fam lay er s and ab br ev iat ions an d acr ony m s discussed w it h r egar ds t o each lay er . I f n ot , y ou can fin d m inf orm at ion at websit es such as w w w .acr ony m find er . com, w w w .shor et r aining. com , w w w .lear nt cpip. c w w w .com pu t er lang uage. com , w w w .w h at is. com , w w w .am azon .com , w w w .cer t ificat ionzone. com , an d w w w .cisco. com . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO TE Set uem pb anerd tfhat ollow along it hd realw or ld labarscenar am tan opdic, h or here Rem pr ot ocolswan applicat ions e w r it ios t en aligned t o per fort omeach f unctex ions, t hw e itfocus t hodel e actas uala equip ment tw heit hout OSI m m odel t o un derst an d an d t rou blesh oot t h em . I f y ou really w ant t o k now t he t echnical det ails ( f or an en gineer ing st and point ) , you should r ead t h e I SO d ocu m en t s. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Layer 7: The Application Layer

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ( r ) licat OS and Cisco OS( Sof t twserv ar e ers compr movid and in inp ou t putand , and loggin g est ing t o use t h Lay erCat 7, aly t hestApp ion Lay er, I is allr )abou g ut ser, vices users requ Serv er s pr ovid e shar ed ser v ices, such as file, pr int , message, dat ab ase, n et w or k m anag em ent , com Uselicat in stion r u ctser or v- dices. ev elop ed ps rob lem - isolat ion mser et hods r esolv e Tr ouble et s ou t t o eat . Th and app Client r equest t h e same vices.t oThis r emind s m e Tick of going host ess seat s y ou w it h t he m enus, an d a ser v er com es t o t he t ab le t o t ak e y our ord er ( pr ovid in g y o " Snif t heas w iraecust t o sp w or tk) ,issu es y our f ood ( requ est ser v ices) and ind ulge as u sual. ser v ices) . f" You, omotern et ( clien or der Analy local and em ot e access oblem Et hern et net w orser ks,vices, in cludX.ing it hy ser v ices App licat ionze Lay er ex am rples include t hepruser intserinface, X. 400 Mail 5 00issues Dir ectwor cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay k, , Sim Tr anspor t Pr ot ocol ( SMTP) , I nt er net Message Access Pr ot ocol ( I MAP) , Post Off ice Prot ocol (lin POP) aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Man agement Pr ot ocol ( SNMP) , FTP, TFTP, HTTP, t elnet , Dom ain Nam e Sy st em ( DNS) , Boot st r ap Pr ot ocol/ Dyn am ic Host Conf igur at ion Pr ot ocol ( BOOTP/ D HCP* ) , Net w or k File Syst em ( NFS) , gat ew a App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Gat ew ay Pr ot ocol ( BGP* ) , Rou t ing I n for m at ion Prot ocol ( RI P* ) , an d so on. Rou t in g p r ot ocols ar e g env iron ment s t hou ght of at t he Net w or k Lay er ( Lay er 3) . Because BGP operat es ov er TCP por t n um ber 17 9 and R ov er UDP por taspir 520ing , how ever and , m any le of chessionals, oose t o listt his t h em here. D HCP op g eruide at esbov er UDP Desig ned for CCNP CCIpE(eop r) pr ind isp en sab le lab uilds on por t s Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

NO TE

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Man y diff er ent opinions ex ist as t o how t o b est classif y r out ing p rot ocols. I t is im por t an t t o kee im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

m ind t hat m any m anag em ent and con t r ol t y pe p rot ocols ob viously supp or t Lay er 3 fu nct ions r a t han t r ansf er dat a. Exam ples include su ch serv ices as DHCP, BGP, and RI P, w h ich I hav e m ar k an ast er isk ( * ) in t he pr ecedin g p ar agr aph. I t is im possible t o m ak e ev er yt h in g fit nicely int o t h

Layer 6: The Presentation Layer •

Table of Content s

•Lay er 6, t he IPr ndex esent at ion Layer , is t he t r anslat or. Pr esent at ion is ev er y t hing . How ab out t hat big hu CCNP P ra cti calf or St udi es: Tr ing cheesecake deser t ouble w it h shoot st r aw ber ry

glaze on t he p lat e? The w ait er w r ot e dow n y our or der , bu t ca

ser v ing L. t he drington eser t int er pr et it ? By Donna Har Think of t ran slat ion f rom one app licat ion t o anot her ap plicat ion ( t r anslat ion of, f or exam p le, such t h Pub lish er: Cisco Press char act er cod es an d sy nt ax , encr y pt ion, an d com pr ession) . I n t h e Cisco env iron ment , comp ression April 0 4, 20 03 t houPub ghtDatt oe: relat e t o Lay er 2; I w ill cov er t hat det ail in t he WAN chapt er s ( Ch apt er 8, " Sh oot ing Trou I SBN: 1720d-0Ch 57 -0 Fram e Relay ,58 " an apt er 9, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h HDLC, PPP, I SDN BRI , and Dial Back up" ) . Pre 0 includ e ASCI I , Ex t en ded Bin ary Coded Decim al I nt er chang e Code ( EBCDI C) , Tagge Lay er Pages: exam 84 ples Form at ( TI FF) , Join t Ph ot ogr aphic Exp er t s Gr oup ( JPEG) , Musical I nst r um en t Dig it al I nt er face ( MI D Aud io Lay er I I I ( MP3) , Movin g Pict ur e Exp er t s Grou p ( MPEG) , Riv est Sham ir Adleman ( RSA) , Dat a St and ard ( D ES) , Secur e Socket s Layer ( SSL) , and Tr anspor t Lay er Secur it y ( TLS) . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s 5: Layer b ased TheonSession Cisco I n tLayer ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit ook, you can: Lay hert his 5, tbhe Session Lay er, is t he op er at or or dialog lay er. I t est ablish es, m aint ain s, and t ear s d ow com mu nicat ion sessions w it h in t h e oper at ing sy st em using pr ot ocols such as rem ot e- pr oced ur e call Lig ht w eiguhtp Direct or y Access Netscenar wor k Basic I npu t /t Ou t put ex Syam st em BIitOS) Set an d f ollow along Pr w itothocol real-( LDAP) w or ld ,lab ios aligned o each t op( Net ic, w h or, sock Messag e Block ( SMB) , or Net w or k Cont rol Prog ram ( NCP) . Comm u nicat ion s exam ples include t he f o w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Sim plex ( one w ay , like a t elev ision or r ad io br oadcast ) I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Half- d uplex ( one way at a t ime, lik e m y Nex t el w alk ie- t alk ie ph one) t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Full- dup lex ( sim ult aneous, lik e t elep hones and n et w or k s) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

NO TE " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es The u pper t h r ee layr em ersotofe taccess he OSI pr mod el are r edett onet aswt or heks, Applicat Analy ze local and oblem s inref Et er hern in cludion ing Layer issuesinw tithe h TCP/ I P pr ot ocols. Fr om a t r oubleshoot ing st and point , t hese lay ers t yp ically r elat e t o sof t w are p rk,oblem cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin syst em s and nam e r esolu t ion issues. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Layer 4: The Transport Layer

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Lay er 4, t he Tr anspor t Lay er , is all about host - t o- h ost deliver y. This lay er h ides low er - lay er pr oblem Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, lay er s in t hat it p rov ides er ror det ect ion and corr ect ion on t h e receiv ing end ( host ) . I n add it ion , it s CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr e- assemb les d at a f or up per - lay er app licat ions based on v arious TCP an d UDP por t num ber s. Applic w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. m ult iplexin g is com m on ( just lik e w hen y ou p r ess Alt + Tab t o cy cle t hr ough y our op en pr og ram s in exam y ou a woot eb in brgow ( HTTP 8 0) , t elnet edorint o aion r out ( TCP CCNPple, Pr act icalmStay udbe ies:r un Trning oublesh p rser ovides y oupor w tit h p ract ical tinf mat onerall t h e por t 23) , conf ig ur at ions t o a TFTP ser ver ( UDP por t 6 9) or FTP ser v er ( TCP por t s 20 and 21 ) all at im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includt hineg sam e t

Nor mally , sy st em s r un out of r esour ces befor e t hey r un ou t of por t s ( point er s t o ap plicat ion s) . TCP and UD P ar e t h e m ost comm on exam ples at Lay er 4 for TCP/ I P; t he eq uivalent I PX/ Seq uenced Ex chang e ( SPX) t ran sp ort is SPX. TCP is connect ion - or ient ed , w hich m ean s t he h ost m ust est ablish connect ion, such as a 3- w ay han dshak e, befor e com mu nicat ions can occur . Flow cont r ol occur s t h ro w indow ing , and TCP is r eliab le in t h at it uses ack now ledgem en t s ( ack s) and negat iv e ackn ow led gem UDP is connect ion less, w hich m ean s it d oes n ot r equir e an est ablish ed connect ion befor e com mu nic occu r . I t is u nr eliable at t he Tr an sp ort Lay er, w hich m eans t h at t h e r eliabilit y is left up t o t he App lic • Table of Content s TCP is lik e t h e cer t if ied m ail pr ot ocol; w her eas, UDP is lik e t h e r eg ular m ail pr ot ocol. •

I ndex

CCNP P ra udi es: shoot Rou t in gcti p cal r ot St ocols arTr e ouble g en er allying t hou ght

of as r elat in g t o t h e Net w or k Layer ( Layer 3 ) . Becau se I n t e p rot ocol n um ber 9) , Enh anced I GRP ( EI GRP, pr ot ocol n um ber 88 ) , and Op e Pat h Fir st ( OSPF, pr ot ocol nu mb er 89) oper at e sid e- by - sid e w it h TCP and UDP, h ow ev er, t hey ar e o as Layer 4 pr ot ocols. Pub lish er: Cisco Press This leaves r eliab ilit y u p t o t h e upp er - lay er pr ot ocols.

By Rou Donna t ing L.Prot Harocol rington ( I GRP,

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE Pr ot ocol nu mb er s an d p or t nu m bers are d iff er ent . Por t num b er s link t h e Tr anspor t Layer t o t he lay er s. FTP is an app licat ion t hat oper at es based on TCP por t s 20 and 2 1; TFTP is an ap plicat io based UDP p ortTr69 . Pr ot ocoling nu mb er s w link he Net ork Lay er Wt oAN t h ter ouble Tr anspor t Laye Handoper s- onatpres act ice foront he CCNP oubleshoot exam it h tTCP/ I P,wLAN, an d w her eas ser vice access poin t s ( SAPs) or t yp e cod es lin k t he Layer 2 f ram e t o point t o Lay er 3. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. access an excellent sit e for d et ails on p rot ocol an d por t n um bers by t h e layer s at w wb.nook, et wor k sorcer Wit h wt his you can: y. com / en p/ t opic/ ipsuit e. ht m . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Layer 3: The Network Layer

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Lay er 3, t he Net w or k Lay er , is w h er e r out er s or Layer 3 sw it ch es operat e. By t he w ay , Lay er 3 sw it c r out erI s, dent and if y Lay t r oublesh er 2 swoot it ches ing tar areget br sidges. usingPat pinhg,det t r ace, er minshatow ion, clear an d r, ou debu t ingg,isan alld about ot her m ov in g t hing place ttrooub anot leshoot her . You ing tdo ools it an ev d er uy t day ilit ieswit h t h e t eleph one, m ail, planes, t r ains, car s, boat s, bu sses, s so on . Do you t ak e t he fast est r out e, t he best r oads, t he scenic r out e, or do y ou figu r e it out as y ou Diagn osedirand oblem f ollow ing talong or- p et r ovided r out ing t ab le ect st rtoublesh h e packoot et s act as ut oalwpr h er e t o sgobyand dr ops h em inw it t hhe aut bit hbuck if it d oesn' t k no aly st ( ryou ) OSuse anda Cisco OS(-rst ) at Sof arin e com inpor ut ,doouyou t putj ,ust and loggin w it h tCat hem . Do m ap (Ilink e trw out g p rm otand ocols) st op at tghe gas st at ion s a ( dist ance v ect or rou t in g p r ot ocols) ? Eit her w ay , y our car or ot h er for m of t r anspor t at ion ( r out e d p r st rruies ct oryou - d ev ed a) p rob - isolat ion- layer m et hods o rions esolv( eheader Tr ouble Tick et I P or Use I PX)incar ( telop h e dat andlem any u pper in st r tuct s) hopbys- hop t o y our de r out er st r ips of f t he old fr am ing ( Lay er 2 packag in g) and r e- encapsulat es t h e pack et for t he out bou ir e in t oatspion ot InPetaddr w or kess issu accor "dSnif in g f" t o tthe h ewdest ines t h e dat a pack et header . Lay er 2 addr esses chang e fr om h bu t t h e Lay er 3 addr esses st ay t he sam e assum ing nor m al dest inat ion- b ased r out ing . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g NO TE env iron ment s Accor din g t o t he I SO docum ent s, r out in g p r ot ocols st an d ou t sid e t he b asic pr ot ocol st ack in a Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on m anagem ent plane and p rov ide m anag em ent ser v ices f or t he Net w or k Lay er. Alt houg h t his dis Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP focu ses on t he OSI m odel as a m odel, it is m or e t han j ust an y old m odel. I t is a set of I SO doc Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Spend t h e mon ey and r ead t he I SO docum ent s. Alt er nat ely, for a small f ee you can subscrib e t CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw w w .cer t ificat ionzone. com f or som e v er y com pr eh en siv e OSI st u dy g uides by How ar d Ber k ow i w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Kat her ine Tallis. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

As display ed in Figur e 1- 4 , r out er s r out e u sin g a hop - t o- hop r elay sy st em t o g et pack et s one st ep c dest inat ion. Rout er s accept a f r ame on on e int er face, st rip of f t he Lay er 2 header , and select an out int er face closer t o t he d est inat ion . The rou t er adds a new Layer 2 header ( r e- encapsulat es t he p ack sw it ch es ( for w ard s) f rom t he inb ound int er face t o t he ou t boun d in t erf ace w it h in t he r out er t o t r ansm pack et .

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1 - 4 . Rou t in g a n d Sw i t ch in g Pr ocess ( W i t h in t h e Rou t e r )

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Figur e 1- 4 illust r at es how t he r out er accep t s t h e Et her net f r am e on in boun d in t er f ace e0 and st r ips Wit can: 2 Ethh terhis netb ook, fr am you e leav ing t he upp er - lay er d at a in t act . Accor ding t o t he d est inat ion I P ad dr ess in t h e t he rou t er does a r out e t able look up t o see w hich out bou nd int erf ace w ill get t h e pack et closer t o it s net w or k. The r out er ad ds a new Lay er 2 header t o en cap su lat e t he d at a an d f or w ard s it t o it s nex t h Setilit u yp is annot d f ollow along w it h realw or ld lab aligned t o ion eachnet exwam w it h aorkey p o r eachab only a k ey point in get t ing packscenar et s t o ios t h eir d est inat or kt,op it ic, is also w it hout t h e act ual equip ment t r oub leshoot ing . Est docu our ph ysical etitwch or kp acket s f rom t he inb ound Rou t er s rablish out e t oa tbaseline h e dest inand at ion n etment wor k yad dr ess. They and b ufflogical er and nsw t he out bou nd int er face w it hin t he r out er . Per for m ance is defin it ely af fect ed by t he sw it ching t y pe. F I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r ef ers t o w hen a r out er d oes a r out e t able looku p for t h e fir st p ack et t ow ar d a d est inat ion and cache t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies doesn' t hav e t o per for m a rou t e t able look up on each and ev er y p ack et . ( I m agine t h e ov er head if a act ually perose for mand s a trrou t e t able upal on each and y pack et , w hich called ocess sw it ch in g a Diagn oublesh ootlook act u pr oblem s by ever f ollow ing along w it hisaut h or- pprr ovided w hen Cat youaly per for m such t ask s as debu g com m ands. ) New er devices off er Cisco Ex pr st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin gess For w ar ding sw it ch in g t yp e, w hereby ev en t h e fir st p ack et g et s cached. Remem ber t h ese im por t ant point s: Rout hop - tUse o- hop sw ited chpfrob r omlem t he- isolat in boun inet t erhods f ace t too rtesolv h e out er face in ,stand r u ct rorout - der evselop iond m e bTround oubleint Tick et s of t he rou t er a Ch apt ers 6, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h Cat OS and I OS, " an d 7, " Shoot in g Tr oub le w it h VLANs on Rout e Sw it ches, ch it es ect ur es) in m ore det ail. " Snif"f"d tiscuss he w irsw e titoch sping ot nt yetpes w or(karissu Mu ch Analy act ivitze y local occur and s at rLay I P, t heprconnect I n tet er net wProrotks, ocol, is t he t ofwTCP/ emer ot e3.access oblem sionless in Et hern in clud inghear issues it h I P- base app licat ions. Connect ionless is u nplan ned an d w it h out pr ior coor din at ion ( as is UD P at Lay er k, 4) . Ea cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin st ands alone; no negot iat ion occu rs. Th ink abou t t h is w hen y ou t r av el t o v ar iou s locat ion s and m ail aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e people y ou hav en 't seen for a w hile. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g I P an d I PX are r oust e d p r ot ocols r esponsible f or deliver y of packet s, includ in g rou t in g p r ot ocol pack env iron ment based on I P and I PX r espect ively . Rout in g p r ot ocols ex change rou t es w it h ot h er rou t ers. Rout e d p r Desig ned deliver p ack foretaspir s; t hing ey send CCNPuser and dat CCIa.E(This r) prsect of essionals, ion br ief ly t his r evind iews isp rou en sab t in le g/ lab r outgeuide d p r ot b uilds ocolson f or t r oub Cisco( pu rp oses. r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNPNO Pr act TEical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Refer t o t he book CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Rou t in g ( Cisco Press) or ACRC/ BSCN/ BSCI - r elat ed c and book s f or m or e det ails on rou t ing pr ot ocols. Alt h ough t h ey all hav e good inf orm at ion, Buil Sw it ched Cisco I nt er net w or ks ( BSCI ) r eplaces Bu ild ing Scalab le Cisco Net w or k s ( BSCN) , w h ich Adv anced Cisco Rout er Con figu rat ion ( ACRC) .

Rou t ed p rot ocols t r anspor t packet s t hr ough r out er s. Rout in g is a r elay sy st em , a hop - by - hop par ad • Table of Content s net w or k t o anot her . Rou t er s f ilt er based on Lay er 3 log ical net w ork addr esses. The r out er st r ips an d • I ndex Lay er 2 fr am ing accor ding t o t he ou t bou nd in t erf ace. Rout e f ilt er s, such as access cont r ol list s ( ACL CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing dist r ibut ion list s, rou t e m aps, and pr efix list s, allow fu rt her filt er in g. By Donna L. Har rington

TCP hand les end - t o- end connect ivit y , w her eas t he t r ansp ort of t he d at a is h andled by t h e con nect io r outPub er lish f rom t he Press sour ce t o t he dest inat ion m akes a decision. er: Cisco Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Rou t in g p r ot ocols r out e r ou t e d p r ot ocols. Rout in g p r ot ocols g ive d irect ions; r out e d p r ot ocols car r y 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Rou t inIgSBN: p r ot ocols ar e u sed by r out er s t o ex chan ge dat a. Table 1 - 3 g ives a br ief com par ison of r out Pages: 84 0

Besid es lear ning fr om r ou t ing pr ot ocols, r out er s k now about dir ect ly conn ect ed rou t es. Direct ly con ar e like y our arm s an d legs; t hey ar e at t ached net w ork s. Basically , t he rou t er need s dr ivin g d irect io y ou an d I need t h em . For ex am ple, you k now wh er e y our im m ediat e f amily an d f r iend s live. Th ey m sam e st at e, t ow n, or ev en on t h e sam e st r eet . You can also learn of ot h er locat ions; perh aps t h e loc look f orprisact r ight nextthe d oor ( dirTr ect ly conn ecting ed exam r out es)w, itper hapsI P, y ou look anAN addr ess on a w eb Handins-gon ice for CCNP oubleshoot h TCP/ LAN, anup dW t r ouble Yahoo! Maps ( lin kst at e rou t ing pr ot ocols) , or per haps som eone else gives y ou dir ect ions ( dist ance t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. pr ot ocols) . Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Tab le 1 -3 . Rou t i ng Pr ot ocol Com pa r ison Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Fea t ur e I P RI P I GRP EI GRP OSP F I S- I S I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Ope n or Op en Pr opr iet ar y Pr opr iet ar y Op en , but I P Op en t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Propr ie t ar y supp ort only Diagn t r oublesh oot actMedium u al pr oblem sLar bygef ollow ing along w it h aut h or- pVery r ovided Netw ork ose si ze and Sm all Lar ge Lar ge Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g D ist a nce Dist ance Dist ance Adv ance Lin k- st at e Lin k- st at e v ectUse or or in st li nk r u ct orv- ect d evor elop ed p robvlem ect-or isolat iondist m et ance hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ( Rou t ing by ( Rou t ing by st at e v ect or " Snif f" t he w ir(eRou t o tsp ing ot by n et w or(kRou issut ing es m ap) r um or ) ( hy br id) r um or ) by r u mor ) Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s (inRou Et hern t ing et by net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r um or ) aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e I nt e ri or or I GP I GP I GP I GP I GP e xt eApp ri orly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s U pda t es 30 - second 90 - second Tr igger ed 22 4. 0. 0. 5 Tr igger ed br oadcast br oadcast up dat es upbdat es on Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide uilds 22 4. 0. 0. 6 up dat es RI Pv 2 up dat es Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 22 4. 0. 0. 10 Lin k- st at e is 22 4. 0. 0. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of9pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady challenges on t he j ob, Lin k-f or st at e Packet s CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er pack t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealet s w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

B O V Pa (R be au sy EG Tr un up

Port or pr ot ocol nu m b er

UDP p ort 52 0

Pr ot ocol nu mb er 9

Pr ot ocol nu mb er 88

Pr ot ocol nu mb er 89

Pr ot ocol I

TC

CLNP ( 81 ) ES- ES ( 8 2) I S- I S ( 83 )

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CCNP Ad mPira nicti stcal r atSti udi v e es:12Tr0ouble shoot ing

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Band wid t h

Band wid t h

Cost

Delay

Delay

Reliabilit y

Reliabilit y

Defau lt A ( opt ion al) Delay Ex pense W Er r or Lo

Load

Load

M

MTU

MTU

O

di st ance By Donna L. Har rington Me t r ics

Hop cou nt

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

( Big D ogs ing( Big D ogs Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Really Lik e Really LikT)e t opics. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI M eat ) M eat ) Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w itt hout ual equip ment Al gori hm t h e act Bellm an- For d Bellm anDUAL Dij kst r a/ SPF[ * ] Dij kst r a/ S algor it hm Ford algor it hm algor it hm algor it hm Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k algor it hm

A N C O S pa

I dent for if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar getN/ s using pin g,VLSM t r ace,and sh ow , clear , debu her and Su pport VLSM and A VLSM andg, an d ot VLSM V [ * ] t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies V LSM a nd sum m arizat ion sum m arizat ion sum m arizat ion sum m arizat ion su sum m a r iz at i on ( in RI Pv2 ) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem sAut byom f ollow it h aut h or- p r ovided at ic ing along Manw ual Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and t put , and ion loggin g classfu l inp ut , ou sum m arizat sum m arizat ion at Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ionby m detefhods e [Tr * ] /ouble [ * ] et s ault t o r esolv ABR ASBRTick Man ual only " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es sum m arizat ion per int er face Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e [*]

SPF = Shor test Path First

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g [ * ] AS = Auton om ous system env iron ment s [*]

VLSM = Var iable- Lengt h Subnet Mask ing

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ] ABR Cisco([ *r) I nt er orkder Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP = net Ar eawBor Router Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ] ASBR = Autonom ous System Boundar y Rout er (or Bor der ) CCNP[ *Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. The r ou t ing t able is also pop ulat ed by st at ic and def ault r out es, w hich ar e not alway s au t om at ically t o ot her r out er sStby ef ault . D ef aultoot r ou v er yy ou usef st ubical n etinf w or scen w ht er CCNP Pr act ical uddies: Tr oublesh in gt es p rare ovides wul it hinp ract orkmat ionarios on all h ee t h er e is in por andt ant one con w ay out st . cen St at ic an rou t es can at of e r tout up dat t r af fic in includ m any incases—bu im cep t ral t o dt hdeeftault r oubleshoot ing elimin por t ion he ing CCNP ceret ificat ion, g

t r ick ed in t o p ack et s get t ing sent but not r et u rn ed b ecause t h ey d on' t hav e a r et u rn r out e. At t his poin t in you r CCNP pr epar at ion, y ou should be v ery com f ort ab le w it h r ou t in g, I P addr essing , and sum m ar izin g. The lab s in lat er ch apt ers w ill cer t ainly det er mine w het her y ou h ave mast er ed t h I n t he m eant im e, som e I P ex am ples appear h er e f or y our r eview . I P v ersion 4 mat h em at ically allow s for 4 .2 billion addr esses ( 2 32 ) . Base 2 , 32- bit , dot t ed - decim al ad as 1 72. 16 .1 . 1 ar e u sed. Figur e 1- 5 sh ows all 4 oct et s, w hich ar e com p rised of a t ot al of 3 2 b it s ( 8 b • Table of Content s com mon t o see t h e subn et m ask list ed as / nu m b er in t h e rou t ing t able t o illu st rat e t he n um ber of n •t he mask ( asI ndex sh own in t he bit w ise n ot at ion row ) . The nex t r ow is a pow er of t w o for t h e binar y p lac CCNP ra cti es: Tr shoot ing or base 1 0 r epr esent at ion of t h e binar y p lace v alue ab ove it . Use last r Pow iscal t h St e udi decim alouble eq uivalent such By Donna as L.t his Hartrington o assist y ou w it h su bnet t ing and sum m ar iz in g. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Figu r e 1 - 5 . Bin ar y Pl ace V al ue s

Pages: 84 0

[ View full size im age]

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly NO TEst ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g in st r u ct - d ev elop ed roba lem - isolat m etdecim hods al, t o r3esolv Trm ouble et s v er sion 6 is 12 IUse P v ersion 4 or addr esses ar epin 4- oct et , dion ot t ed2- bitefor at , wTick h er eas w r it t en as 8 g rou ps of 4 hex dig it s separ at ed by colons ( such as " Snif t he w1ir111 e t o: BBBB: sp ot n222 et w2: orCCCC: k issu es 00 00:f"AAAA: 33 33: D DDD) . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, negot iat sion ion, addr e By t h aut e woay, I P ver 4 st illessing has a, encapsulat long life ahion, ead and of it mor b ecause of ad dr ess- exh aust ion solut ion s su c add resses, p rox y serv ers, Net w or k Add ress Tr anslat ion ( NAT) , and Classless I n t erd omain Rou t ing ( App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g v alid pu blic add ress, cont act y our I SP or w w w .ar in. net in t h e Amer icas for d et ails. ARI N is one of t h env iron ment s r eg ional int er net regist r ies t he aut hor it y in t h e U.S. RI PE NCC is f or Eu r ope, t he Mid dle East , Nor t h par t s of Asia. APNI C is t he Asia Pacific Net w or k I nfor m at ion Cent r e. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Pr ivat e addr esses ar e not r out ed on t h e I nt er net and f all w it hin t he f ollow ing r ang es: Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld10 ap.0plicat . 0. 0/ion 8 of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP17 Pr2. act ical ies:ghTr172 oublesh oot 16. 0 .0Sttud h rou . 31. 0. 0/ in 1 2g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

19 2. 168 . 0. 0 t hr ough 19 2. 168 . 255 .0 / 16

NO TE Pr ivat e addr esses ar e used t hr ough out t he r est of t he chap t ers so t hat I don 't st ep on any one's

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Table 1 -L.4 Har d isp lays Class A, B, and C addr esses, w hich are av ailable f or host s, and also show s Class By Donna rington add resses, w hich ar e reserv ed f or ot h er pur poses. Not ice t he pat t er n of 0 , 1 0 , 1 10 in t h e fir st oct et YouPub m lish ay er: beCisco f amPress iliar w it h t he Jack son 5 " A- B- C" song ; t h e fir st oct et f ollows t hat t une pr ecisely : " Aas 1 - 2- 3…" w here t he 1- 2- 3 is t he b it posit ion of t he 0 . ( Than k y ou Glenn Tap ley . ) Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Tab le 1 -4 . Cla sses, M a sk s, Ne t w or k s, an d H ost s Fir st Oct et Bin ar y Fir st Oct et D e fa ult or N a t ura l N um b er of Hand s- on act ice for t he CCNP t rsouble Cla ss Rapr nge D eTr cioubleshoot m a l Ra ngeing exam Ma w skit h TCP/ I P, LAN, anNdeW t wAN ork t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. A 0 00 000 01 1– 127 [ * ] /8 12 6 Wit h t his b ook, you can: 0 11 111 11 25 5. 0. 0. 0 27 – 2

N um H os 16 ,7 2 24 –

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ( 25 6 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 25 6) B

C

D

E

0 00 000 0 12 8–1 91 y our ph ysical / 16and logical n et w or k 16 ,3 84 Est 1ablish a baseline and docu ment

65 ,5

14 1 0if11 1 25 5.sh 255 0 I dent y 111 t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, ow.,0.clear , debu g, 2an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

2 16 – ( 25 6

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 1 1 0 00 000 19 2–2 23 / 24 2, 09 7, 15 2 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

25 4

1 1 0 11 111 25 5. 255 . 255. 0 2 21 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

28 –

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 1 1 1 0 00 00 22 4–2 39 Mu lt icast Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed 1 1 1 0 11 11 and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 1 1 1 1 00 00 24 0–2 55 Ex per iment al App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 1 1 1ment 11 11s env1iron

( 25 6

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ] 127.0.0.0/ Cisco([ *r) I nt er net8wdenotes ork Trou bleshoot inessing g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP loopback addr Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Table 4 illust atud esies: t he Tr classes ofoot n etinwgorgkives s. I tyis iale tov o rerecog he it class t he f irst CCNP 1Pr- act ical rSt oublesh ouessent an edg t henize comt pet ion tby hr ough r eal-oct et r ywou ar ap e fplicat am iliar it hLAN t h e and default or t op natics. ur al m ask. W hen sub net t ing, you m ust bor r ow bit s f r om t he or ld ionwof WAN if you k now t he d ef ault m ask , t he host p ort ion is w her e t he 0 b it s ar e. For ex am ple, 10. 0. 0 .1 / 8 is a CCNP Pr act ies:sub Tr oublesh ootofin 25 g p5. r ovides y ou p ract icalminf ion e add ress w itical h a St defud ault net m ask 0. 0. 0 or / 8.wIitf hy ou need oror e mat net w or kon s, all yout hsubn et by b im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ g ber of r eq uir ed nu m ber of bit s f r om t he h ost oct et s 2, 3 , and 4 cont igu ously. To det er mine t he n in um

bor r ow , use t h e follow ing for m ula: 2 x > = t he n um ber of subn et s you need Solve for x t o k now h ow m any b it s t o b or row . I t is not w ron g t o use t h e for m ula 2 x – 2 , bu t t h e m in 0 subnet and t he all 1s sub net ( b road cast ) , wh ich ar e cer t ainly v alid t oday . Sup pose you n eed 250 for m ula t o solv e is 2 x > = 250 . I n t his exam ple, y ou bor r ow 8 bit s t o giv e y ou a new sub net m ask o or / 1 6. Th e class is st ill a Class A, how ever , not a Class B. •

Table of Content s

•Defau lt sub net I ndex m asks, class r anges, net w or ks, h ost s, an d t heir associat ed log ical ad dr esses ar e imp CCNP ra ctit opics cal St udi es: Tr shoot ingw it h pr act Pical t hat w ouble ill help you

t r oublesh oot ing. Shor t cut s ar e nice, bu t t h e binar y r eally t ell out w w wL..lear osub net .com f or a ref resher on subnet t in g an d Ch apt er 3 of t his book f or pr act ical ap By Donna Har nt rington t her eof. I n t he m eant im e, look at a couple of ex am ples of su bnet t ing and sum m ar iz at ion h er e. Pr ac per fect , and Cisco t est s ar en 't as lenien t as ot hers in allow ing y ou t o use a calculat or . Use Figur e 1Pub lish er: Cisco Press 1- 4 t o assist in y our calculat ions. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

1 . How m any host s ar e on 172 .1 6. 0. 0/ 1 6? What are t hey? An sw e r: 172 .1 6. 0. 0 is one b ig net w or k ( br oad cast dom ain) w it h 65 , 534 host s ( 2 16 – 2 ) . The f ir st h 17 2. 16. 0 .1 . The last host is 1 72. 16 .2 55. 2 54, an d t he br oad cast is 172 .1 6. 255 . 255 . The b in ar y repr t his is cr it ical t o u nder st anding b it s and bou ndar ies. Oft en it is h elpf ul t o w r it e out t he h ost s in r ang Hand s- on in prg: act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t he follow t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t17 his2.b16. ook, can: 0 .1you t h rou gh 172 . 16. 0. 25 5 17 2. 16. 1 .0 t h rou gh 172 . 16. 1. 25 5 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it2. hout ualghequip 17 16. 2t h.0e tact h rou 172 .ment 16. 2. 25 5 Est . . . ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I17 dent if y 2t 55. r oublesh oot hing t ar16 get. 255 s using 2. 16. 0 t hr oug 1 72. .2 54pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 17 2. 16. 2 55. 25 5 ( b r oadcast ) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided st ( r )r at OSesand I OS( r) u Sof e com m andv inp ut , ou and tloggin Figur eCat 1-aly 6 illust t he Cisco calculat ions sint w g ar b inar y place alu es. Nott put ice ,how he f ir stg host is t he net w plus one; t h e br oadcast ad dr ess is t h e same as t ur ning all b it s on ( 1) for t he host s p ort ion ; an d t he in st r uadd ct orress - d evmelop p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s t he brUse oadcast inusedone. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es zeany local r em otde haccess pr oblem s in net w clud 2 . Analy How m netand w ork s an ost s are on 1 72. 16 Et . 0.hern 0/ 24et? Wh atorarks, e t in h ey ? ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed Figu t rou blesh metar h odology t o rVeallife srou t ing andi on swit1 chin g r e 1oot - 6ing . Bin y Pl ace al ue (Q u est Answ er ) env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op[ics t hat r epimare View full p size age]y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

An sw e r: 172 .1 6. 0. 0 is 1 su bnet ( br oadcast dom ain) w it h 2 54 host s ( 2 8 – 2 ) . The f ir st host f or t h is 17 2. 16. 0 .1 . The last host f or t his sub net is 1 72. 16 . 0. 254 , and t h e br oadcast add r ess is 17 2. 16 .0 .2 5 r ep r esent at ion of t his is cr it ical t o u nder st an ding bit s and boun dar ies. Of t en it is helpf ul t o w r it e out rHand anges, such asice t hefor f ollowin g: Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble s- on pr act t he CCNP t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 0 .1you t h rou gh 172 . 16. 0. 25 4 ( host s on su bnet 172 .1 6. 0. 0/ 2 4) Wit h t17 his2.b16. ook, can: 17 2. 16. 0 .2 55 ( br oadcast on subn et 17 2. 16. 0 .0 / 24) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or This isw it a hout Classt hBe ad essequip w it h ment a d ef ault su bnet mask of / 1 6. Th e giv en m ask is / 24 , w hich m eans t h actdrual w ere b or row ed t o p rov ide m or e net w or k s ( subnet s) . Th is is su bnet t in g. Ther e ar e 2 8 = 256 av ailabl 8 – 2ment t his scenar io w a it hbaseline 254 host s ( 2docu ) on each Th ese net s incr em Est ablish and y our one. ph ysical andsub logical n et w orent k by 1 because t he low es bit is in t he 1 or 2 0 b inar y posit ion. Th e next t w o su bnet s ar e 17 2. 16 .1 .0 / 24 and 17 2. 16 .2 .0 / 24. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Use Figur e 17 t o ving er iftyools youan r calcu laties ion s and t o relat e t h e follow ing general r ules: t r oub leshoot d u t ilit Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided The r igh ailab le host rnar ede on for tinp he ut f ir, stouhost h er h ost Cat aly st (t rm) ost OS av and Cisco I OS(brit) is Soft ut w com( 1) m and t put., All andotloggin g bit s are off ( 0 The r igh ailab it is- tisolat u rn edion of m f (et 0)hods f or t ht oe rlast host All ot her Use in st rtumctost or - av d ev elopleedhost p robb lem esolv e Tr. ouble Tickhost et s bit s ar e on ( 1) All host bit sw ar ( 1) t he cast addr ess. Th e br oadcast f or a su bnet is one less t han t " Snif f" t he ir ee ton o sp ot for n et w or kb road issu es subn et . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Sub net s sp incr emand ent du by plex t h e ,lowest b it and ( r ight m ost bit )b in t heidt mask . The CD, su bnet inwcray emlin enk,t an d t cabling, eed u t ilizat1ion collisions, andw h, CSMA/ on esubn et s are cir cled in Figur e 17 . aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Figu r e 1 - 7 . Bin ar y Pl ace V al ue s ( Q u est i on 2 Answ er ) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, [ View size im age] CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou anfull edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

3 . How m any net w ork s an d h ost s are on 1 72. 16 . 1. 4/ 30 ? Wh at ar e t h ey ? What is t he n ex t availab An sw e r: 172 .1 6. 1. 4 is one sub net ( b road cast dom ain) wit h t w o host s ( 2 2 – 2 ) . The f ir st host f or t h Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 17 2. 16. 1 .5 . The last host f or t his sub net is 1 72. 16 . 1. 6, an d t he br oadcast ad dr ess is 172. 1 6. 1. 7. Th t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r ep r esent at ion of t his is cr it ical t o u nder st an ding bit s and boun dar ies. Of t en it is helpf ul t o w r it e out rWit anges, as you t he can: f ollowin g: h t hissuch b ook, 17 1 .5 h rou gh 172 .w16. 6 ( host subn et 17 2. 16. 1 .4 / 30) Set2.u16. p an d ftollow along it h1.realw orsldonlab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 17 2. 16. 1 .7 ( b road cast on sub net 1 72. 16 . 1. 4/ 30 ) Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 17 2. 16. 1 .8 / 30 ( nex t sub net ) I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her This is a Class B ad dr ess w it h a d ef ault su bnet mask of / 1 6. Th e giv en m ask is / 30 , w hich m eans t h t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies bit s w er e bor r ow ed t o giv e m ore n et wor k s ( sub net s) . This is sub net t ing. There ar e 2 14 = 16, 3 84 po in t hisDiagn scen ose ario and w it ht r2oublesh host s (oot 2 2 –act 2 )u al on pr each one. Thf eollow subn et along incr emwent Table 1 - 5. Th e oblem s by ing it h is autcirh cled or- p rin ovided 2 b inar y posit ion. Th e next t w o su incr em ent by 4 because t he low est 1 ( net w or k ) bit is in t he 4 or 2 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 17 2. 16. 1 .8 / 30 and 17 2. 16. 1. 1 2/ 30 . The shad ing in Table 1 - 5 in dicat es t he subn et por t ion. Only t h e show n. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, Tabsp leeed 1 -5 and . Bi duna plex r y, uPla t ilizat ceionVa and luecollisions, s f or t hbeandw La st idt h, O ct CSMA/ et ( CD, Qu on est e-iwon ay 3 lin k, An sw aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

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Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 4 . How m any net w ork s an d h ost s are on 1 0. 1. 1. 0/ 2 8? What are t hey? List t he host s an d br oadca App a lay ed le t rou t he ly next av er ailab sublesh bnet .oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s An sw e r: 10. 1. 1. 0 is 1 subn et ( br oadcast d omain ) w it h 14 host s ( 2 4 – 2 ) . The f ir st host f or t h is su b Desig ned foreaspir E( r) pr of1essionals, isp en sabaddr le lab uilds onThe bin 10 .1 . 1. 1. Th last ing hostCCNP for t hand is suCCI bnet is 10. .1 .1 4, an dt his t he ind br oadcast essg uide is 10.b1. 1. 1 5. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r ep r esent at ion of t his is cr it ical t o u nder st an ding bit s and boun dar ies. Of t en it is helpf ul t o w r it e out Tr oubleshoot . Full of r anges, such ing as texam he f ollowin g: pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 10 .1 . 1. 1 t hr ough 10 . 1. 1. 14 ( host s on sub net 10 . 1. 1. 0/ 2 8) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por10 t ant .1 . con 1. 15cep ( brt soadcast cen t ral on t o tsubn h e t ret oubleshoot 10 . 1. 1. 0/ing 28 ) por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

10 .1 . 1. 16 ( nex t sub net ) 10 .1 . 1. 17 t hr oug h 1 0. 1. 1. 30 ( h ost s on su bnet 1 0. 1. 1. 16 / 28) 10 .1 . 1. 31 ( br oadcast on subn et 10 . 1. 1. 16/ 2 8) 10 .1 . 1. 32 ( nex t sub net ) •

Table of Content s

This is a Class A ad dr ess w it h a d ef ault su bnet mask of / 8 . The g iven m ask is / 28, wh ich m eans t h a • I ndex w ere b or row ed t o g iv e m or e net w or ks. Th is is subn et t in g. Th er e ar e 2 20 = 1, 04 8, 576 possible subn CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing scenar io wit h 14 h ost s ( 2 4 – 2 ) on each one. Th ese sub net s incr em ent by 1 6 b ecause t h e low est 1 ( By 4 ) binar y posit ion. Th e nex t t w o su bnet s ar e 1 0. 1. 1. 16 / 28 and 10 .1 .1 . 32/ 2 8. Th e sh a is Donna in t heL.1 Har 6 ( 2rington 1- 6 in dicat es t he subn et por t ion. Only t h e last oct et is show n. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE

I f you h ave ev er t aken any of m y classes, y ou k now t hat all 4 oct et s w it h all 3 2 bit s get dr aw n boar d fir st . Then I w r it e out only t h e oct et s wh er e t h e m ask is less t h an 2 55 or 8 bit s. On e st ud sugg est ed I act ually w r it e t he last 2 oct et s on t he b ack of my business car d and han d t hem out Handfu s-ton ur eprstact udice en tfor s. t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Tab le 1 -6 . Bi na r y Pla ce Va lue s f or t h e La st O ct et ( Qu est i on w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Esttablish Su a baseline and y our pht ysicalH and n et w Su bne bne t Su docu bne tment Su bne ost slogical H ost s or k H ost s

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19St 2.udi 168 . 168. 0 / 24 CCNP P ra cti cal es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har 19rington 2. 168 . 169. 0 / 24

2. 168 . 170. 0 / 24 Pub lish er:19 Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

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19 2. 168 . 173. 0 / 24 19 2. 168 . 174. 0 / 24 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 19 2. 168 . 175. 0 / 24 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. An sw e r: 192 .1 68. 16 8. 0/ 2 1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Table 1 - 8 illust r at es t he t hir d oct et in bin ary so t hat you can easily ident if y t he b est pat t er n as t o su t he few estu pnum of stalong at em en t s. t he dar in gios sh aligned ow s, all tbit s m atex cham fr om oug h / Set an dber f ollow w it h As realw or ld ker lab shad scenar o each t opbit ic, /w1it thhror y ou can capt ur e eigh t lines int o one. Alt hou gh not as eff icient , y ou can sum m ar ize using t w o st at em w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ( 19 2. 168 . 168 .0 / 22 and 19 2. 168 . 172. 0 / 22) or f our st at em en t s ( 19 2. 168 . 168. 0 / 23, 192 .1 68. 17 0. 0/ 2 19 2. 168 . 172. 0 /a23, and 192 .1 68. 1 74. 0/ 2y3)our . ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish baseline and docu ment I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh Taboot le act 1 -8 u al . Sum pr oblem m sa by r izfat ollow i oning( Q along u est w iiton h aut 6 hAnsw or- p r ovided er ) Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ma sk ( Biint st w rise) 7 elop ed p / rob 1 8 lem - isolat / 1 ion 9 m et hods / 2 0t o r esolv/e2Tr 1 ouble Tick / 2 et 2s Use u ct or /- d1ev

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I f you t hTable in k yofouContent n eed sm ore rev iew and pr act ical applicat ion of sub net t ing, see Ch apt er 3. Ad di I ndex r ev iew t he CCNA Pr act ical St udies an d CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Rou t in g t it les as w ell as t he CCNP w P ra cal Stnt udi es: Trnet ouble shoot wcti w .lear osub .com w ing ebsit e. •

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

So w h at else happ en s at Layer 3 ? I P is r esponsible f or deliver y and fr ag ment at ion at Lay er 3 and it Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 helper pr ot ocols t o accom plish t hese t ask s. I nt er net Con t r ol Messag e Pr ot ocol ( I CMP) is for st at u s a I SBN: 1- 58 57 -0 r ep or t in g. Ad dr720 ess-0Resolut ion Pr ot ocol ( ARP) r esolves an I P ad dr ess t o MAC on a br oad cast - b ased n Pages:Net 84 0w or k car d s and r out er int er faces hav e bu rn ed - in ad dr esses ( BI As) for t he MAC. By t he as a LAN. not needed f or I PX ad dr essing because t he MAC is t h e host addr ess on t h e w ire in Nov ell. ARP is als r eq uir ed on point - t o- point m ed ia eit her. ARP is in it iat ed w it h a local br oadcast , b ut t he r eply is a u n of it t his w ay: I h ave t he I P, bu t I need t he MAC. You exp er im ent an d lear n a lit t le m or e about ARP in t he sect ion t it led " Pr ot ocols and Pack et s. " Unt il t hen, t h ink abou t w hat w ould hap pen in t he follow circum Hand s-st onances: pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ARPyou r equ est — I f y ou w er e t o ping a host on a local n et wor k an d look at t h e ARP cache Wit h tLoca his blook, can: w hat w ould you exp ect t o see? Re e ARP r eq ue st —wIitf hy ou w er e tld o lab pingscenar a hostios onaligned a diff ertent net wexork look h e ARP Setmuot p an d f ollow along realw or o each amand t op ic, w itath tor w ould y ou ex pect t o see? w it hout t h e act ual equip ment I w ould ect at obaseline see t he and hostdocu MACment add ress he d est inatlogical ion host t he Estexp ablish y ourf or phtysical and n etinw or k ARP t able f or a local ARP w ere t o pin g a host on a diff erent net w or k and look at t he ARP cach e, how ev er , I w ould exp ect t o se add ress associat ed wit hoot t hing e local intserf ace of t he er sh ( default gat, ew ay)g, . Lear I dent if y t r oublesh t ar get using pin g, rt rout ace, ow , clear debu an dning ot hert o follow t he A beneficial t r oubleshoot ing t r oubin leshoot ing t ools an. d u t ilit ies Now tDiagn u rn y our t ent trion t o RARP, w hich nds slikby e somet h in galong ou t ofw tithhe aut TV hshow k & Mind y. R ose at and oublesh oot act u al prsou oblem f ollow ing or- p r Mor ovided Rev erCat se aly Addstress Resolu Prot ocol. her w as BOOTP, an dloggin now DHCP t oo. You ex ( r ) OS andt ion Cisco I OS( r ) Fir Sofstt wtar e ecom m RARP, and inpt hen ut , ou t put , and g in one of t h e lat er lab s. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h NO TE cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut oTrnegot iat ion, addr ion, The an sp ort Lay er is essing oft en r, efencapsulat err ed t o as t heand hostmor - t o-eh ost lay er and t he Net w or k Lay er as t he lay er . I f y ou can' t ping t he d est inat ion h ost bu t can ping anot h er local h ost and y our d ef ault ga ly oblem a lay ermed ing t o troealrou ing and swit chin tApp he pr ayt rou be blesh in t heoot p at h frmet omhtodology h e sour ce t h elife dest intat ion. Use t ra cergout e ( t ra cer t ) env iron ment s y ou d et er m ine ex act ly w h er e t h e pr oblem is. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Layer Link Layer oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr2: actThe ical Data St ud ies: Tr oublesh w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Lay er 2, t he Dat a Lin k Lay er , is w h er e b rid ges and swit ches op er at e. Br idges an d sw it ches ar e cov e CCNP Pr act St ud oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e m or e det ailical in Ch apties: ers Tr 5, oublesh 6, an d 7. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

The I EEE Lay er 2- def in ed sub lay ers inclu de Logical Link Cont r ol ( LLC) and Media Access Cont r ol ( M r ep r esent ed in Figur e 1- 8 . LLC is r espon sible f or sy nchr onizat ion and connect ion serv ices via Ser v ic Point s ( SAPs) t o t h e up per layer s. MAC is r espon sible f or ph ysical ( har d war e) ad dr essing, logical t o shar ed m edia access.

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Figu r e 1 - 8 . LLC a nd M AC

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Digit al I n t el Xerox ( DI X) Et h er n et I I uses a Ty pe f ield t o point t o t h e Lay er 3 pr ot ocol ( 08 00 is I P) , Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 80 2. 3 Et her net u ses a valid len gt h field and 802 . 2 LLC SAPs t o lin k t o t h e Lay er 3 pr ot ocol. SAPs ar soft w ar e cont t o- dman ageedm pult ip lem le Lay er 3 ion p rotmocols. For h e hexTick SAP Use in st rruols ct or ev elop rob - isolat et hods t o exam r esolvple, e Trt ouble et vs alue of 0 6 is a l hex SAP value of e0 is a lin k t o I PX. Table 1 - 9 p r ovides m or e det ail on LLC t yp es. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Tab le and 1 -9mor . LLC Ty pe s aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

LLCTy pe

Conne ct ion

Re li ab il it y

D e scri pt i on

LLC Ty pe 1

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Unackn ow ledg ed Does not conf ir m d at a t r an sf er s Used in LANs

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

LLC Ty pe

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By 3Donna L. Har rington Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Est ablishes logical connect ion and con fir m s dat a r eceipt

Ackn ow ledg ed

Con fir ms dat a upon r eceipt but does not est abli connect ion Used in f act or y aut om at ion

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

I EEE- assign ed0 MAC add r esses are of t en refer r ed t o as har dw ar e add r esses, Layer 2 add resses, BI As Pages: 84 add resses t hat ar e coded int o t he n et w or k car d or int erf ace on a r out er . A 3 - by t e I EEE- assign ed Org Unique I d en t ifier ( OUI ) is used t o g en er at e u niver sal MAC addr esses f or v en dor s. Table 1 - 10 of fer s exam ples f rom Cisco, 3Com , I nt el, DEC, an d Madge. Th is is not by any means a com pr eh en siv e list w w w .ieee. or g f or m or e det ails. Dow nload t hem all in a t ex t file fr om st andar d s. ieee. or g/ r eg aut h/ ou Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Tab le 1 -1 0 . I EEE-Assi gne d M AC Ad dr esses

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar iosntaligned t o (each V e ndor I de i fi ca t i on OU I ex ) am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Cisco 00 - 00- 0 C Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 00 - 01- 4 2 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 00 - 01- 4 3 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow 00 - 01ing6 along 3 w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 00 - 01- 6 4 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 00 - E0- F7 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 00 - E0- F9 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 00 - E0FE idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 08 - 00- 5 8 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 3Com 00 - 01- 0 2 env iron ment s 00 - 01- 0 3 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat ep are 02p- rC08 C y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an 08 edg- 00e ov 4 er E t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

I nt el

00 - 01- 2 A 00 - 02- B3 00 - AA- 01 00 - AA- 02

• DEC

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

AA- 00 - 00 AA- 00 - 01 AA- 00 - 02 AA- 00 - 03

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: Mad ge

84 0

AA- 00 - 04 00 - 00- 6 F 00 - 00- C1 00 - 80- E9

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. The MAC sub layer is f or t ak ing t ur ns on t h e w ire as w ell as er r or check ing and ad dr essing. I t is like Wit thhet his b ook, . you can: on m edium Table 1 - 11 p r ovides a br ief r eview of access m et hod s. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Tab le 1 -1 1 . Access M et hods

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

I dent if y t r oublesh ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Access D e scri oot pt i on t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Me t hod

E

] CSMA/ CD [ *ose Politt reoublesh conv er oot sat ion cock t ail spar . Youing listalong en ( carwrier sense) if you an d Diagn and act at u ala pr oblem by t fyollow it h aut h or- pand r ovided anot h er person t alk simu lt aneously ( m ult iple access) , y ou b ot h w ait a Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ran dom am ount of t im e and t alk again . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s CSMA/ CA[ * * ] Collision av oidance " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Signal t he in t en t t o t r ansm it Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Tok en Passin gsp eed Mu stand holddut plex he t oken t o tion alk and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, , u t ilizat aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Et

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal] CSMA/ CarLAN r ier sense multiple access w or ld[ *ap plicatCD ion= of and WAN t op ics. w ith collision detect ion [**]

CSMA/ r ierTr sense multiple access w ith collision avitoidance CCNP Pr act icalCA St=udCar ies: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

IE 80 A

IB R IE To A FD

Et h er n et , wh et her a p hy sical st ar or bus, u ses t h e car r ier sense m ult ip le access collision d et ect ( CSM logical access m et hod because logically it act s lik e a bus. Tok en Ring and FDDI u se a t ok en - passin g m et hod in a logical r in g t opology ov er a p hy sical st ar or rin g. Collisions do not occu r in Tok en Ring dev ice m u st hav e t he t oken t o t alk . Access m et hod s ar e not h in g y ou and I set ; t hey are a f unct ion o ar ch it ect u re, such as Et hern et or Tok en Rin g, t h at allow s dev ices t o shar e t he m edia. Topologies encom pass t he Dat a Link ( logical) an d Ph ysical Lay ers. Et her net is t y pically a p hy sical st bu s; w her eas Tok en Ring is a p hy sical st ar , logical r ing t opolog y. ( See Figur e 1- 9 . ) •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Figu r e 1 - 9 . Top ol ogy

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" tLay he er w ir2e is t of rsp ot n etCon w ortkr ol issu The PD U for ames. bites s m ar k t he beginnin g an d en d of f r ames j ust as pict ur e fr a t he ed ges of a p ict u re. Layer 2 is t h e LAN/ WAN lay er in man y r espect s. You hav e seen how it allow s Analy and access oblem s in etornet or ks, intclud ing issues it h is t he d dev ices t o tze ak local e t ur ns onr em t h eotme ed ia andprhow t he n etEt whern or k w k s w( logical opologies) . Butw how cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay lin k,e b as pack aged at Lay er 2? Figur es 1- 1 0 ( Et her net ) , 1 - 11 ( Tok en Ring ) , and 1 - 12 ( FDDI ) show som aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e for m at ( en cap su lat ion) ex am ples. Use t he follow in g legend f or t he abbr eviat ions: App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

- 1essionals, 0 . Et h er n eind t Fr e le For Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and Figu CCI E(rr)e pr1of t his ispam en sab labmg at uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

PRE = Pr eam ble DA = Dest inat ion addr ess SA = Sour ce addr ess •

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T/ L = Ty pe or len gt h

CCNP caleStcheck udi es: Tr ouble FCS =P raFrctiam sequ enshoot ce ing By Donna L. Har rington

DEL = Delim it er Pub lish er: Cisco Press

FS = Fr am e st at us

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Figu r e 1 - 1 1 . Tok en Rin g Fr a me For m at

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Figu r e 1 - 1 2 . FDD I Fr a m e For m a t

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h

NO TE sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Et h er n et dom inat es t y pical LAN t opologies t od ay and is fu rt her discu ssed in Ch apt er 5. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s While I discuss ot hing er Lay er 2and act CCI iv it ies, back t o t he earind lierispanalogy t h ge uide w ait b eruilds w h oon t ook y ou Desig ned for aspir CCNP E( r)t hprink of essionals, t his en sab leoflab yCisco( ou g et t h e bigend ian cheesecake or t he lit t leendian cheesecak e…ek aceseeh c for deser t ? Bigen di r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP such as I BM, RI SC, and Mot or ola pr ocessor s, read lef t t o r ight , or hig hor der t o low or der b it s and Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, endian st ical em s,Stsuch I nt el pr ocessor ead t o lef t , itor der rt ealo high- or CCNP Prsy act ud ies:asTr oublesh oot in gsgand ivesDEC y ou Alp an has, edg er ov er r tight he com pet ionlow t hr- or ough by t es. Lik ew ise, Et h er net is can onical and Tok en Rin g is n oncanonical. Use Table 1 12 t o r eview the w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. calcu lat ion s ( base 1 6) u sed in Figur e 1- 1 3. Also r em em ber t h at A = 10 , B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E 15 in hexad ecimStal. CCNP Pr act ical ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 1 - 1 3 . Can oni cal N am e s

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Tab le 1 -1 2 . He x Pl ace Val ue s

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 23 8

2 0 g, t r ace, sh2ow 3 , clear , debu I dent if y t r2oublesh oot ing 2t 1ar get s using 2pin 2 2g, an d ot her 2 1 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 4 2 1 8 4 2 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

NO TE " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Accor t o wand w w .w h at , " Bigen dian lit t le-etendian fr oming Jonat hanwSw Analydin ze glocal r em otis. e com access pr oblem s inand Et hern net w order ks,ive in clud issues it h if t ' s Gu lli Tr avels in w hich t he Big En dians w er e a polit ical f act ion t h at br ok e t h eir egg s at t he cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w aylar linge k, end pr im it ive w ay " ) and rebelled ag ain st t h e Lillip ut ian King w ho r equir ed his subj ect s ( t he Lit t le E aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e t o br eak t heir eg gs at t he sm all end. " App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Figur 1- 1for 3 illust esCCNP t hat Et h er CCI net E( is r)canonical, and t he sign icanlet lab b it (gLSB) isuilds r eadon f irst . I n Desigened aspirr at ing and pr of essionals, t hisleast ind isp enifsab uide b Tok en Rin g is n oncanonical, and t h e m ost significant bit ( MSB) is read fir st . The p ict u r e also is a g re Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP binar y t oh ex conv er sion, but m ost people u se calculat or s f or t hat any how . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porNO t antTE con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Cisco of fers a t ool on t h eir websit e t h at enab les y ou t o au t om at ically conv ert canonical t o nonc and v ice ver sa. Sear ch for t h e " bit sw ap t ool" on w w w .cisco. com t o see for y our self .

Layer 1: The Physical Layer •

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Lay er 1, t he Phy sical Lay er , is all about t he sh ape of t he net w ork . How t hing s w ork is mor e a m at t e • I ndex logical t opolog ies, bu t Layer 1 is concern ed w it h phy sical t opologies such as st ar, bus, r ing , or m esh CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing t y pically a ph ysical st ar , logical bus ( 10BASE- T/ 100 BASE- T/ 10 00BASE- T) . Tok en Rin g an d FDD I ar e By Donna rington w ired asL.aHar phy sical st ar , log ical r ing . Wit hou t a concen t rat or, FD DI is t r uly a phy sical rin g t op ology . HubPub s ar eer: Layer dev ices t h at r epeat or regener at e t h e sig nal t o allow connect ivit y an d assist w it h a lish Cisco 1 Press issuPub es. Dat Layer 1 dev ices e: April 0 4, 20 03 j ust ex t en d t he net w or k ; t h ey d o n o f ilt er ing. Hu bs spit bit s, includin g collisi br oadcast s. Sw it ch es ( Lay er 2 devices) assist w it h collisions an d m ak e f ilt er ing decisions b ased on p I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 add resses. Rou t ers ( Lay er 3 d ev ices or VLANs) assist w it h collision s and br oadcast s; t h ey m ak e f ilt e Pages: 84 0 based on logical ad dr esses. A collision dom ain is a sep arat e CSMA/ CD net w or k in Et her net or a sep Tok en Rin g w h er e d ev ices ar e t ak ing t ur n s for u se of t he w ir e. Collision dom ains ex ist bet w een t w o dev ices and f or each user - dedicat ed p ort on a sw it ch . Br oadcast dom ains are su bnet s in TCP/ I P. Th bet w een r out er s and f or each Lay er 3 int er face. Figur e 1- 1 4 sh ows collision d omains and br oadcast Tech nically t here ar e n o collisions on t h e ser ial link s, so y ou sh ouldn' t cou nt t hem as collision dom a Hand sonFigur pr act exam ine e ice 1- 1 for 4. t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Figu r e 1 - 1 4 . Colli si on an d B r oadcast Dom ai ns Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Hub s w it h an y int ellig en ce at all ( such as m ult iple speeds or net w ork m an agement capabilit ies) ar e 1 devices; t hey m ov e up t he OSI st ack accor ding t o t he b uilt - in in t elligence. Most people k now h ub I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her as t h e same t hing; how ev er , r epeat er is an I EEE t erm . W hen select ing a hub or an y con nect iv it y d e t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies m at t er, con sid er net w ork archit ect ur e ( such as Et h er net or Tok en Rin g, or FDD I ; por t densit y and s m anagem ; cab yp es; and odular it oblem y). Diagnent ose andlet rtoublesh oot mact u al pr s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Phy sical st ar t opologies ar e easier t o t r oublesh oot b ut t ake mor e cable. Failu r e of one dev ice doesn int er fer ew anctot . Ielop f a user calls and saysion t hemnet w or kt ois rdow n,e you can st artetysour t r oub leshoot Use initsthr u orher - d ev ed p rob lem - isolat et hods esolv Tr ouble Tick t he user and t he h ub or sw it ch por t con nect ion . Sw it ches ar e t yp ically u sed rat her t han hu bs t od ay pr ice "per is wdeclinin g all imke.issu The Snifpor f" tthe ir e t o sp ot nt he et wtor esb ig ad van t age is t h at each por t is a separ at e collision do w her eas all hub por t s are in t h e sam e collision dom ain. Af t er all, y ou d on' t n eed t oo m any packet fi un sh ielded t w local ist ed -and pair r cable st ill byprf ar t h e sminostEtcomm Analy ze em ot eisaccess oblem hern eton. net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Frozen g ard en haddr ose an d vam pir e t ap s com t o mmor indew hen I t hink of t he old 10BASE5 Et her n auty oellow negot iat ion, essing , encapsulat ion, eand using RG- 8 or RG- 1 1 st an dar d Et her net coax cable r at ed at 50 - ohm s im pedance. 10 BASE2 cou ld b e depend in g w hereted h ert rou hubblesh s ar eoot ining t h emet picthur e. Thinkt oofr eala t wlife o- pole clotand hesline upg on w h ich y ou h App ly on a lay odology rou t ing switset chin clot hes out d ry .sTh e poles at each en d are t he t er min at ors con nect in g one of t he RG- 58 f am ily of env iront oment Alt hou gh inexp en siv e t o im plem en t , t h e disadv ant ages includ e heav y t r aff ic pat t er ns on t he b us an d Desig ned for ing aspir and ,CCI E( r) you pr of essionals, indain isp en sab le g uide b uilds on you f i t r oub leshoot , t oing sayCCNP t he least unless h ave a t imtehis dom reflect omlab et er ( TD R) t o help Cisco( I ntcoax er netcable. w ork Trou in oper g ( CI tT) icsipm t hat y out he fort er t he CCNP w it hin r)t he Wit hbleshoot out t he pr estt op equ enpt ,r ep carare ry ing m inat or fr om one st at ion Tr oubleshoot . Full ing of pr actr ical er cises t h at gTod et ay y out he r eady on tthe j ob, abou t as ex citing in gexam as relocat you clotex hesline poles. b ackf or bonchallenges e is nor m ally w ist ed- p air CCNP Pr act ical ud not ies: as Tr oublesh g ives aner, edgt hat e ovmerany t hecer com pet it iont est t hrsough so t h ese issu es St are relevan toot ; bin e gaw are, yh ou ow ev t if icat ion t hinkr ealyou shou w or ld icat ap plicat specif ion s. ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical StRing ud ies:ar Tr in g sical p r ovides ou ical w it hrin p ract ical inf or mat act ion ivon allonit t h eor m on it or FDDI an d Token e toublesh y picallyoot a phy st ar, ylog g t opology . The em im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ g to be circulat ing ar oun d t he r ing. Prob lem isolat ion and net w or k reconf ig ur at ion are issues. I t u in sed

Ring w ir ing w as all shield ed t w ist ed - pair Ty pe 1 , 2, 3, 6 , and so on w it h herm aph r odit ic connect or s pr im arily UTP w it h RJ- 4 5 con nect or s. I n meshes, fau lt t oleran ce may be m ax im ized, b ut fr om t h e t r oublesh oot ing per sp ect iv e, it is of t en r ef er t o t he m esh t opolog y as t he m ess t opology , an d it is m ore oft en used f or back up lin ks on t he W exam ple, I SDN backu p f or Fr ame Relay lin ks) . I nst allat ion, r econ figu rat ion , and cost nor m ally lead us t o som e hy br id of t he p reced ing t opologies i • env iron ment .Table of Content s •

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CCNP P raUctifor cal Lay St udi ing ber The PD eres:1 Tr isouble b it s.shoot Remem

t h at t h e Phy sical Layer is r esp onsible for t r ansmit t in g b it s ( 0 coord inat r ules for t ran sm it t in g ( Tx ) and r eceiv ing ( Rx ) t hem . Mech anical, elect r ical, op t ical, an d By Donna L. ing Har rington am ong t he man y specif icat ions at Layer 1. Lay er 1 is a good place f or t r ouble t o shoot you if y ou ar Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: NO TE84 0

I h ad t o laugh at m yself t he ot h er d ay w hen I connect ed m y PC t o t he hu b in t h e fr ont of t he cl I h ad ligh t s on t he h ub, but not on t he PC don gle. " This is a lit t le st r an ge," I t h ough t t o m yself t hou ght m ayb e I h ad t h e w r ong cab le t y pe, because I didn 't k now w hat w as on t he ot her sid e h ought I wt he ou ld eliminat e t he h ubing and plug wditirhect ly inI P, t o LAN, t he wan all.d Neit h er a st r aight - t hr Handws-all. on Iprtact ice for CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam TCP/ W AN t r ouble a cr ossov er cable w or ked. I even t r ied dif ferent cables. Finally I pick ed up t he lapt op PC, t ook t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. anot h er room , and con nect ed it f ine. So I ret u rn ed t o t he classr oom , conn ect ed up again, b ut s lightyou . I decid Wit h don t hisgle b ook, can: ed t o ju st t est t h in gs f rom t he lap t op PC an yh ow and fou nd I could ping an t he I n t er n et , w hich is all I orig in ally wan t ed t o do. The f unny par t w as t hat I had put a red m a don gle t o t rick a st u dent w ho n eeded a lit t le m or e of a challenge. Ref er back t o t his scen ario a discuss Set u p an using d f ollow m odels along andwm it hetrealh odswt or o tldr oubleshoot lab scenar ios by aligned t he lay ert os. each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Do you w or k w it h t he p hy sical aspect s or is t h at d one f or you ? ( I hav e t hr ow n br oom s t hr oug h t h e c dentsh if yottsr oublesh t araget pin dow g, t rnace, ow w , clear debu'tg,hav aned any ot her used Isling t o get toot h e ing cab le lit st leusing f art her t he sh h all hen I, didn ot h er t ools at h r oub leshoot t ools an dmuindset t ilit ies at t he m om ent , t ake a m inut e t o look at a list of w hat uses R Becaut se you ar e ining a ph ysical Table 1 - 13) . Only t he act iv e pin s are displayed. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Tab le 1 -1 3 . W h a t Use s RJ- 4 5 ?

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

W ha t U se s RJ- 4 5 ?

Act iv e P

10 BASE- T Et her net

1– 2 3– 6

10 0BASE- TX UTP ( 2 pair Cat egor y 5 ) [ * ] •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

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3– 6 4– 5 T- 1 s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 1– 2 Hand t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 4– 5 Wit h t his b ook, you can: I SDN U ( Nor t h Am erica; U f or un pow ered) 4– 5 sing I SDN S/ T 1– 2( pw r ) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 4– 5( dat a Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

7– 8( pw r )

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies [*]

Although not comm only used, 1 00BASE- T4 uses 4 pair of Categor y 3, 4, or 5 cabling.

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Figur e 1- 1 5 sh ows t he RJ- 45 con nect or. When you poin t t h e clip t ow ar d t he f loor , p in 1 is on t h e lef Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g on t he r igh t . Com par e it t o t he sm aller RJ- 11 con nect or. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Figu r e 1 - 1 5 . RJ-1 1 an d RJ- 4 5 Con n ect or s

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Back in t he m id- 19 80s, com pan ies w er e con cer ned w it h cabling st and ard s in par t icu lar. EI A/ TI A ha per m eat ed t he cabling ind ust r y, par t icu larly w it h EI A/ TI A 5 68, and has v ery h igh recogn it ion am on v en dor s alike. Var ious com m it t ees h ave d ev eloped cab lin g st and ar ds and cont in ue t o pr ovid e upd at Tech nical Serv ice Bullet in s ( TSBs) as t h e indu st ry ev olves. 56 8A an d 568 B ar e t ech nically id en t ical, v er ify in Table 1 - 14. 5 68B is ver y w idesp r ead because it is b asically t he sam e as AT& T 2 58A; how ev allow s t w o p air s f or v oice t o m ak e it a lit t le mor e com pat ible in t he t elco env ir onm ent . • Table of Content s •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Tab le 1 -1 4 . 5 6 8 A a nd 5 6 8 B St an da r ds Pub lish er: Cisco Press April 03 re Or an ge a nd Gr ee n Are Rev e rsed t o 5 6 Pub 8 A Dat ( EIe:A/ TI0A4,W20he I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 Be M or e Com p at i bl-0 e w i t h Tel co)

Pin

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5 6 8 B ( Th e Old AT& T St a nda r d V e ry W id espr ea d Today ) Pin

1 w hit e/ gr een ( Rx + )

1 w hit e/ oran ge ( Tx + )

2 gr een ( Rx –)

2 or ange ( Tx –)

Hand s- e/ onoran pr act W AN 3 w hit geice ( Txfor + ) t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, 3 LAN, w hit e/an grdeen ( Rxt r+ouble ) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 6 or ange ( Tx –) 6 gr een ( Rx –) Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

NO TE

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Alt hou gh only one p air is used f or Tx an d on e pair f or Rx , t h e RJ- 4 5 conn ect or , w h ich holds fou (Ieight is st and Com it t opin t he 11 con nect or back in g, Figur 1- her 1 5, w hich only p dent ifwy ires) t r oublesh ootar ingd.t ar getpsare using g, RJt r ace, sh ow , clear , debu an de ot holds t w o pair ( four w ir es) . t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Besid es t he connect or s and t he pinout s, t he w ir e t hickn ess v ar ies t oo accord in g t o t h e Am er ican Wir ( AWG) . For ple, onepair 16 AWG speak ir e f or y outeside BOSE sp et eak Use in stexr uam ct or - d ev elop ed UTP p rob lem - isolat ion meretw hods t o rmesolv Tr ouble Tick s ers is mu ch lar fou r - pair UTP 24 - gaug e r unn ing my net w ork . " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Figur e 1- 1 6 sh ows a DB- 6 0 t o DB- 2 5 ser ial cable used f or WAN con nect iv it y . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Figu r e 1 - 1 6 . EI A/ TI A- 2 3 2 Ca ble Asse m bly App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Par t I I , " Su ppor t ing I P an d I PX, " and Par t I I I , " Su ppor t ing Et hern et , Sw it ch es, an d VLANs, " of t his t he Phy sical Layer and D at a Lin k Lay er as t hey r elat e t o LANs/ W ANs in m or e det ail. I n addit ion, you out t he follow in g cab le sit es on y our ow n: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket w sw b ased on com Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. w .cisco. Wit h twhis ook, you can: w wb.b eld en .com w w w .b elk in. com Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t hew e act ual equip w it whout w .st on allcable. comment Est baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k w wablish w .am pa.com I dentat if ysome t r oublesh ar getion s using g, sical t r ace,Layer sh ow. ,Do clear d ot Now look pr actoot icaling ap tplicat of t h pin e Phy you, debu k nowg,wan hen t oher use a st r aigh t - t h t r oub ing t ools anle? d uPer t ilithies com par ed tleshoot o a cr ossov er cab aps a bet t er quest ion is wh at is a crossover cable? A st raig ht - t h is w ir ed pin 1 t o 1 , 2 t o 2 , 3 t o 3 , and 6 t o 6 . A cr ossov er is 1 t o 3 an d 2 t o 6; it cr osses bet w een ac ose oublesh oot actr uequ al pr s by -f ollow ing cable, along w h aut or-epdev r ovided GenerDiagn ally sp eakand ing,t run like devices ir eoblem a st r aight t hr ough w it her eashlik ices r equ ir e a c alyeat st ( trhis ) OS andt oCisco I OS(as r ) ySof w ariew e com m and inp As ut , wou , and g t ion s app ly . Th e cable.Cat Rep r ule y our self ou trev Table 1 - 15. it thput any ru le,loggin ex cep t he cab le docum en t at ion t hat com es w it h you r sw it ch or r out er . For ex amp le, a hu b m ay h ave an u r u ct ev elop rob lem ion er m et hods r esolv Ticktet w hen Use in t hinestnor mor al- d posit ion ed it rpequir es -aisolat cr ossov cab le t ot oconn ecte tTr w oouble d ev ices ogset her. When in posit ion, t he cr oss is alr eady p er for m ed in t h e device har d war e an d a st r aig ht - t h rou gh cable is app " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Man y of t he Cisco sw it ch p ort s ar e desig nat ed w it h an X ab ove t he por t or a media dependent int er ( MD I / MDI - X) t og gle and som e are not . Connect ing t w o d ev ices w it h Xs nor m ally m ean s t hey ar e lik Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h y ou n eed w hich kind of cable? Ch eck y our answ er in Table 1 - 15. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Tab le 1 -1 5 . Do You Ne e d a St r a igh t - Thr ou gh or Cr ossove r Cabl e

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

St r ai ght - Thr ough ( Un li k e D ev ice s)

Crossov e r ( Lik e D e v ices)

Rol lov er

T1

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6-Donna 6 By L. Har rington 7- 7 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

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PC t o sw it ch

Hub t o hub

Sw it ch t o r out er

Sw it ch t o sw it ch

[* ] t o sw Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ingHub exam w itithchTCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Rou t er t o r out er

Wit h t his b ook, you can:

PC t o r out er [ * ]

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or [w * ]itDoesn't hout t hfollow e actthe ualgener equip al ment r ule of like devices use cr ossov er cable and unlik e use str aight- thr ough cable. The d w ith an aster isk requ ir e a cr ossov er .

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k The ex am ples mar k ed w it h an ast er isk ar e ex cept ions t o t he general ru le of lik e dev ices n eeding a c cable Iand r equir ing a sttrar aigh hr oug pin h cable. I f y ou d raw a line b etg, ween er 2 an d Lay er 3 dentun if ylik t reoublesh oot ing getts- tusing g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu an dLay ot her any dtev ice leshoot on t he ing samt ools e side r oub anof d ut he t ilitlin iese uses cr ossover cables. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

NO Use TE in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I" Snif t h ink f" of t hehuwbs ir eand t o sp swotit ches n et w or askAccess issu es Lay er dev ices; because y ou u se t hem t o con nect user s, cabling r espect t h ey are t he sam e. I t hink of PCs and r out er s as b eing t h e sam e f or cabling pu r Analy ze bot local and rou r emt eotusing e access oblem in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h because h can r outpr ing p rotsocols. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App m ly ed a ia layiserhot ed ttrou blesh ing is met h odology r ealroug tring swit chin g e w ir es ar e n o Wir eless hese dayoot s and g oin g t o gett ohot t er life . I t is eat and for places w her env iron ment s ( w hen you can' t d ig u p t he st r eet becau se you don 't hav e t he righ t - of- way , f or inst ance, or ov er a b w her e you choose n ot t o lay cab le or cable is j ust n ot f easible) . I t is b ecom ing conv en ient ly popu lar Desig for and aspirhom ing es. CCNP andex CCI r) pr of essionals, t his indnologies isp en saben le able lab gyuide un iv erned sit ies, Some amE( ples follow . I nf rar ed t ech ou t ob uilds t r ansfon er f iles o Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP easily as y ou flip TV chan nels. Sp r ead - sp ect r um rad io is a cost - eff ect iv e w ay t o divid e fr equencies i Tr oubleshoot ing exam Full pr act er cises at g et ou frulleady ob, inst ead of leasing lin es. fr omoft he ser ical viceex p rov ider s.t hEncr yp yt ed dupf or lexchallenges d at a is caron r iedt he at j a f ract ion CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCellular dig it al pack et dat a ( CDPD ) uses t he net w ork for d at a w hen not used f or v oice. Micr ow ave is w ld ap plicat ion of t op w or idesp r ead . Take a tLAN r ip t and o MarWAN y land' s ics. NASA Goddar d Space Flig ht Cent er somet im e or check out t h Ch in cot eag ue I slan d, Vir ginia. New car s ar e com in g out w it h w hat r en t al car s hav e had f or som e t im CCNP Pr act ical uds ies: Tr oublesh ooteinpgopular p r ovides w itIhf p ractar ical inf or ion on allr t lat h eit ude and posit ioning sy stSt em ( GPSs) are mor t h any ou ev er. y ou e out onmat a boat , you im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

locat ion is p ret t y sign ificant t o y our w h er eabout s on t he bay . Table 1 - 16 p r ovides a con cise y et com pr eh en siv e r eview of t h e OSI m odel.

Tab le 1 -1 6 . Th e O SI Ref e r en ce M ode l •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

[ View full size im age]

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies [ View full size im age] Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g As y ou w ork t hr ough t h is book , y ou w ill encoun t er mor e d et ailed in for m at ion and inv est igat e sp ecif in sting r u ctt ar or get - d ev ed tpim rob lem - isolat ion t m et hods t o r esolv e Trt ainly oublehelpf Tick et t r oub Use leshoot s.elop At all es, r em em ber h at alt h ough it is cer ul st o und er st and h w or k w hen y ou ar e shoot ing t r oub le, a m et h odical app roach t o t rou blesh oot in g is act u ally mor e im p " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h

Troubleshooting cabling, sp eed by andLayers du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e You m ust t r ain you r self t o sy st em at ically analyze, r esolv e, and escalat e p rob lem s. Tr oub leshoot ing ly on a lay edt ot rou blesh oot ing met h odology o sr ealt ingst and swit g is cer App t ainly e weray accom plish t h is. The OSI lay ter are life builtrou and ack ed f orchin a reason. For t r oub env iron ment s st ar t at t he Ph ysical Lay er and w or k y our w ay up t o t he Ap plicat ion Layer . A lay er pr oblem w ill lead and a solut ion . I t is p r et t y fr ust r at ing t o j ust com par e w h at w or ks t o w hat doesn' t ( t h e swap - t il- you Desig ned for aspir ing wh CCNP CCI E( r) pr essionals, indap. isp en sab le lab1 g uide uildsyou on t r oub l app roach) , esp ecially en yand ou don' t hav e of any t hing leftt his t o sw Use Table - 17 t o bhelp Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP lay er s. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot g -1 p r ovides y ouble w it shoot h p ract ical or mat Tab lein 1 7 . Tr ou i nginfby La ion ye ron s all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

OSI La y er N u m b er

OSI La y er N a m e

Ba si c Troub le shoot in g

7

App licat ion

Soft war e p rob lem in end syst em

6

Pr esent at ion

Soft war e p rob lem in end syst em

5

Session

Soft war e p rob lem in end syst em

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Host n ame ( Sock et s) or Net BI OS n am e issue Tr anspor t

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Cisco/ UNI X Tr acerou t e t est s up t o L4

By Donna L. Har rington

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Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Net w ork

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

2

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

1

Soft war e p rob lem in end syst em

Ping t est s up t o L3 Micr osof t Tr acer t t est s up t o L3

Dat a Link

Ping t est s up t o and t hr ough L3

Phy sical

Ping t est s up t o and t hr ough L3

The r ealit y of it all is t hat t he OSI lay er s are a good ap pr oach t o discu ssing net w or k in g an d in t ern et Hand s- on pr act iceprfor t he aCCNP oubleshoot which it h TCP/ P, LAN, an d. Be W AN t r ouble t echnologies and ov ide ver y Tr good f ound ating ion exam f r om w t o t rI oub leshoot awar e, h owev er , t tnot icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. necessar ily an sw er all in t er oper abilit y issu es. As y ou can see, m any ind ust ry st an dar ds an d p r o and obv iously t her e is a lot m or e t o k now . Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

NO TE

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Perh aps t h e I SO shou ld h ave in clu ded a Lay er 0 for Pow er and Layer s 8, 9 , and 1 0 f or Finance and Religion. Sh ould I dar e say low est bid w ins again , m any decision s are quit e p olit ical in nat I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t he met h odology ( r elig ion) is b ecause w e h ave alw ay s don e it t hat w ay ? Alt h ough t h ese lay er s t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies par t of t he I SO sp ecificat ions, t h ey do ap pear t o be par t of most pr act ical en vir onm ent s ( w h et h any oneose actand u allyt r ad m it s itoot or act n otu)al . pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagn oublesh Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Man y int ern et wor k ing t opics can be exam ined by r eview ing t he t echn ical d et ails of t h e OSI m od el. I giv e y"ou chor apt and Snifaf"t ast t hee wofir tehem t o spinott hnis et w k er issu es t o int r oduce t h e imp or t ance of t r oubleshoot ing by lay er m odel exam p les h ave p ur posely been I P- r elat ed due t o t h e pr act ical applicat ion of t h e book , b ut t h didn 'tAnaly hav eze t o local be. I and could hav j ust as pr easily used heretprnet ot ocol st ack. r em ot e access oblem s in anot Et hern w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

The App DoD TCP/IP Suite ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing

met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Ot h er in dust r y st and ard m odels, such as t he DoD TCP/ I P su it e, pr ovid e a w ay t o t ak e a sy st em at ic tDesig r oub leshoot .Table 1 - 18 com heprDoD TCP/ I P suit w it isp h t he OSIlemlab odel. ned for ing aspir ing CCNP and par CCIes E(tr) of essionals, t hise ind en sab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Tab le 1 -1 8 . Com pa r in g t he I SO 's OSI M ode l t o t h e DoD 's TCP/ I P S

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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OSI La y er N a m e

P DU

D oD TCP/ I P Su

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App licat ion

Messag es

App licat ion

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Pr esent at ion

Messag es

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Session

Messag es

Tr anspor t

Segm en t s ( TCP)

Tr anspor t

Dat ag ram s ( UDP)

Host - t o- host

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By Donna L. Har rington

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Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Net w ork

Packet s/ dat ag r ams I nt er net

Dat a Link

Fram es

Dat a Link

Phy sical

Bit s

Phy sical

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

TCP/ I P cam e f r om ARPANET. I t is old, b ut definit ely not out d at ed . Pr ior t o t he accept ance of t he TC single- vend or solut ions, such as I BM SNA and Novell I PX, p rev ailed. TCP/ I P allow s for het erog en eou syst em s, plat for m s, and har d war e, hence op en sy st em s. Many vend ors and resour ces d iscuss t h e T using fou r lay er s ( see Figur e 1- 1 7) ; how ever , t he DoD st an dar ds call f or fiv e lay er s, div iding t he Ne I nt er face Lay er int o separ at e Ph ysical and Lin k Lay ers ( see Table 1 - 18) . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Figu r e 1 - 1 7 . Upp er , H ost -t o-H ost , an d Low e r Lay er s

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig aspirying CCNP E( r)f rom pr of essionals, isp en sabore le Teach lab g uide b uilds This mned odelforg ives ou mor e mand n emCCI onics t he b ot t omt his up :ind N ever I gn er ' sAdv ice: on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPApp Pr act icalion St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eallicat w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Tr anspor t CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e er net im porI tnt ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

N et w ork I n t er f ace I ndu st ry m od els enab le you t o t ak e a lay er ed appr oach t o un der st an ding t ech nology an d t rou blesh o Cisco even r ecom m en ds a lay er ed app roach t o design . The Access Lay er ( user lay er) is t y pically com low - en d sw it ches oper at ing at 10/ 1 00 Mbp s. The Dist r ibut ion Lay er ( decision- m ak in g lay er) is t y pic com pr ised of 100 - Mbps rou t ers, w h er eas t he Cor e Layer is t yp ically a 100/ 100 0- Mbp s back bone of sw it ch es t o sw it ch pack et s as f ast as possible fr om t he sour ce t o t he dest inat ion net w or k. Kn ow in g •y our n et w or kTable is a of big Content par t sof t r oub leshoot in g. Comp are t he m odels once ag ain in Figur e 1- 1 8 b ef or e pr oach t o t r oubleshoot ing. •t o t he Cisco ap I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Figu r e 1 - 1 8 . Com par e t he M ode ls

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

[ View full size im age]

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" tthe w ir e ttoh espscenar ot n et w orand k issu As y ou w ork hr ough ios Tres ouble Tick et s t hr oug hout t he r est of t h e book , and par t icu y ou t ack le pr oblem s in real life, it w ill becom e m or e and m or e app arent t hat y ou need an und er st an Analy ze local e access oblem s in Et hern or ks, cludiv ing w tit yhour LANs st andar d s and pr ot and ocolsr em as ot w ell as systpr em at ic m odels andetmnet et hwods t o in effect elyissues sup por cabling, eed TCP/ and Idu t ilizat ionofand b andw idt th, w ay t rlin k, The OSI m odelspand P plex su it e, ucer t ainly fer acollisions, layer ed app r oach o CSMA/ und er stCD, andon in ge-and oublesh o aut oinnegot ion, essing encapsulat ion, and com plex t er n etiat w or k s.addr Howev er, ,t here are man y ot hermor apper oach es. As a m at t er of fact , Cisco of fer app roach of t heir ow n. Take t he t im e t o rev iew t he Cisco t r oub leshoot in g m odel. You can find it on App layCDer edROM t rouor blesh met h odology r eallifew or rou ing and swit Docum entlyataion searoot ching at Cisco.com f or t"oI nt er net k tTr oublesh ootchin ing gGuid e, Trou blesh env iron ment s Ov erv iew" t o find t he Cisco appr oach t o t r oub leshoot in g. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP The Ciscoing Troubleshooting Approach Tr oubleshoot exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat of tLAN anding WAN t opleics. The Cisco apprion oach o shoot t r oub can b e an ef fect iv e w ay t o t r oubleshoot , p ar t icu lar ly if y ou d hav e a w ork ing m et hod. Th is m et h od is crit ical t o t h e CCNP Supp ort exam object ives, so y ou sh ould CCNP icalefu Stlly ud. ies: Tr a oublesh oot in g p r oint ovides y oudownot it h pneed ract ical infange or mat all t hsterat egy if t 1- 1 9 vPr eract y car Fr om pr act ical v iewp , y ou t o ch t oion t heonCisco im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g t r oub leshoot ing m et hod/ m od el you hav e w or k s.

Figu r e 1 - 1 9 . Th e Ci sco App r oa ch t o Tr oubl esh oot in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g The Cisco t rou blesh oot ing appr oach in clu des sev en st eps f or r esolv ing pr oblem s. ( See Figur e 1- 1 9. ) defin eUse t heinpst rob t y ou h erlem f act s andion t h en ies based onet tshose fact s. This r u lem ct or.- dNex ev elop edgat p rob - isolat m etconsider hods t o possib r esolv eilitTr ouble Tick w ay of sayin g ev aluat e y our alt er nat iv es. Creat e an act ion plan, w h ich m ay be k ind of an if- t h en - els I m plem entf" t he ventet hew or r esu lt s, es and ver ify t h at y ou and ever yon e inv olved t hink s y ou fix ed " Snif t hepwlan, ir e obser t o sp ot k issu at hand . I f you did not fix t he pr oblem , be su re t o un do an y pr eviou s ch anges b ef or e you cont in ue w plan of act ion. I f y ou h ave hau st ed all y our ifs- in t henelseetcou rses y our act ion Analy ze local and r emex ot e access pr oblem Et hern net w orof ks,act inion cludining issues w it hplan, you st ar t cabling, at t he t op of t h e Cisco ladder t o ensur e y ou d ef ined t he r ight pr oblem . Cisco sugg sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w est ay slinstk,ep sev place aut t o odocum en t t he solut ion. How ev er , d ocu ment at ion is v er y imp ort ant at each st ep in t h is pr oc negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e indicat ed on Figur e 1- 1 9) . I define som e exam p les at each st ep in t he follow ing list . Use t hem t o ap Appt oly yaour layown er ed env t rouirblesh oot odology t o hr ealrou andleswit m et hod onm en t ing an d met t o wh or k t hr oug t he life chapt ert ing Tr oub Tickchin et . g env iron ment s 1 . Defin e t he p rob . Desig ned for aspir inglem CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP For exam ple, an .end in and epor ttsh tat heg net orkr eady is dow You shouldonident t he sy m Tr oubleshoot ing exam Fulluser of prcalls act ical ex errcises et ywou f orn.challenges t he ifj yob, t heStpud robies: lemTr , an d d ocu m in engt gt hives e find ings. CCNPisolat Pr acteical oublesh oot y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 2 . Gat h er fact s. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porPerf t antorcon cepttinent s cen ttral t o For t h e ex t r oubleshoot t ionoroft rt he CCNP t ificat includ g er ? C m per est s. amp le, caning y oupor p ing ace? Fr omcer t he PC?ion, From t he in r out

anot h er applicat ion su ch as HTTP or FTP? Can y ou t eln et t o t he por t ? Find out wh en it last w ork ed, if it ev er w or ked, and w het her it is a r ecur r ing pr oblem . What ha since it last w or k ed ?

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Det erm ine how m any people/ d ev ices are affect ed. I s it a local or r em ot e issue? I f y ou did a n e baselin e up fr on t , y ou h ave som e com par ison inf or mat ion . See t he " Pr act ical Tr ou bleshoot in g" m or e onTable baselining an d d ocu ment at ion. of Content s I ndex

Wor k as a t eam; collab orat e w it h ot h er en gineer s an d colleagues. Con t act users, n et wor k ad m m anager s, and ot her k ey people.

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Use y our t ools. For ex am ple, net w or k m anagem en t sy st em s ( NMS) such as CiscoWor k s or Cisc t o m ap y our n et w or k and t r ack chang es. Tak e ad van t age of pr ot ocol an aly ze fr Dat ome:pr ogr0ams su ch as Sn iff er or Net Mon. Mon it or syslog or ot her logs. I n t er pr et Cisco show Pub April 4, 20 03 out p ut1-and r esearch Cisco.com an d ot her sit es and t ools. Tim e an d dat e st am ps ar e v aluable f I SBN: 58 720 -0 57 -0 tPages: r oub leshoot ing ; Net w or k Time Prot ocol ( NTP) is f ree, so y ou sh ould t ake adv ant age of it and 84 0 clock w h ile g at her ing fact s. Answ er t he q uest ion s t hat help you ident if y w hich t ool t o u se; rem dif fer en t t ools op er at e at dif fer en t lay er s.

Pub( lish CI C) er: enable Cisco Press y ou

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble NO TE t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. apt er 2, can: " Wh at 's in You r Tool Bag, " cover s t ools r elev ant t o t h e CCNP Supp ort exam obj Wit h t his Ch b ook, you and t h e pr act ical wor ld of int ern et wor k ing. The m ost im p ort an t t h ing about t his st ep is t o d et er m ine w hat t he " real" an d " full" pr oblem is. Set u p an d f et ollow along it h realw or ld tlab scenar ios taligned t o each ex ams descript t op ic, w ion it h or Tr ouble Tick s based onwuser comp lain s, r em em ber o consider t h e user' of t h e p w it hout h e uact ment light of tthe serual 's tequip ech nical ex per t ise and und er st and ing. Est ablish Docum enta tbaseline he f indingand s. docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t rpoublesh t ar get 3 . Con sider ossibilitoot ies ing ( based ons fusing act s) . pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Br ainst orm and nar r ow dow n t h e possib ilit ies so t h at y ou can f ocu s on w hat is relevan t . Fin d o Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided any one else has t ried t o f ix t he p rob lem . Ju st as y ou did in t h e fact - g at herin g st ep, wor k w it h Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g y our t eam , not again st t hem . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Docum ent t he f inding s. Mor e t im es t han one I h ave been t h e vict im of m y ow n cir cum st ance b not elev ilit ies " Snifdocum f" t he ent w ir et he t o rsp ot ant n et wpossib or k issu es or m ak e a ch eck list of wh at h ad an d had not been com Docum ent at ion should be so good t hat someone sh ould b e able t o im mediat ely pick up w her e a Tr ouze blelocal Tickand et . r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 4 . Cr e an act ion paddr lan . essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e auteat o negot iat ion, Det erm App ly aine lay er whed at throu as blesh t o beoot don ing e tmet o f ixh odology t he p r oblem t o r eal. Tak life e arou divt ing id e-and and-swit conq chin uerg app roach. List t env ironfirment cause st ansd p lan t o chang e only on e v ariab le at a t ime so t hat you k now w hat chan ge h as w I dent if y any special r esour ce r eq uir em ent s. Pr ior it ize possibilit ies so t hat y ou st ar t w it h t h e m o Desigsolut ned for CCNP of essionals, t his of indyou isp en sab le plab g uide b uilds on ion aspir fir st .ing Who or wand hat CCI w ill E( ber)afpr fect ed as a r esult r act ion lan? Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing texam . Fulls.of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Docum ent he f inding CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or plicatent ionact of ion LANp lan and. WAN t op ics. 5 . ldI ap m plem CCNPFollow Pr act ical udby ies: oot in p r ovides y out he w itact h pion ractplan. ical inf or mat all tthin h e g at a t im a stSt ep- stTr epoublesh appr oach t og car ry ing out Chan ge ion onlyonone im porm t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in gs w orse easu re t he r esu lt s; alway s m aint ain a fallback plan . Mak e sur e you d on't m ak e t hing

add it ion al pr oblem s. Docum ent ing each st ep of t he w ay and f ollow ing y our p lan sy st em at ically m et iculou sly w ill assist w it h t his. Lim it t he im pact on ot h er s as r equir ed. For ex amp le, sh ops t h at w or k ar ound t h e clock ( 7 x2 4) likely t o hav e a m or e st r in gent ch ange pr ocess.

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Call or e- m ail TAC if y ou can' t resolve a pr oblem af t er put t in g it t hr oug h t he r igor ous on lin e t e giv es you at Cisco.com . Table of Content s I ndex

Ther e' s not hing w or se t han t r ying t o t r oubleshoot m or e t h an on e pr oblem at a t im e—par t icu la emb ed ded pr oblem is somet hin g y ou hav e helped cr eat e! Th is is w hy y ou undo a p lan w h en it By Donna L. Har rington solve t he pr oblem . CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

PubDocum lish er: Cisco ent Press t he f inding s. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

6 . Ob ser ve s. -0 I SBN: 1- 58result 720 -0 57 Pages: 84 0

Det erm ine wh et her y ou p er m anent ly solv ed t he pr oblem or w het her y ou ju st im plem ent ed a t e solut ion. Mak e sur e t he aff ect ed par t y/ par t ies t hink y ou fix ed t h e pr oblem. Then docum en t t h e r esult s a plan. I f y ou did not fix t h e pr oblem , go back and t r y t h e next it em on you r act ion p lan. Alw ay s Hand spr act ice for t he Tr oubleshoot examorwat it ht em TCP/ P, LAN, W AN t r ouble pron eviou s changes b efCCNP or e you it er at e t he ing pr ocess pt Iyou r nexan t pdlan of act ion. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. I f you h ave n ot f ixed t he p rob lem , consider t ak ing t im e aw ay fr om t he pr oblem ; y ou m ig ht be Wit h tback his bw ook, can: it h ayou f r esh per sp ect iv e. Alw ay s h ave a back up plan. Docum f inding s. w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Set u p ent an d t fhe ollow along w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 7 . Docum ent t he solut ion. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Docum ent each st ep along t h e w ay and t he final solut ion t o imp rov e ov erall ex per t ise as you s int er net . Many or get t h is st epg,. t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I dent if y wt rork oublesh ootpeople ing t arfget s using pin t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Whet h er m an ual or au t om at ed, m aint ain a d at abase and chang e log for each p iece of equip me Diagnple exam oseyand ou should t r oublesh do oot t hing act s usuch al pras oblem mains tby ainf ollow v ersion ing cont along r ol,wcomm it h autent h or-you p r ovided r conf ig ur at ions, Cat alyipt descr stion ( r ) sOS t o and y ourCisco int erfIaces, OS( r )an Sof d tcapt w ar e urcom e you mrand logsinp f orut lat , ou ert put r ev,iew and . Iloggin nclu deg chan ge not es f o ot her s in t he conf igur at ions wit h re m ar k , ! , or # f or com m en t s. I f y ou ar e cap t ur ing y our logs Use r u ct or - of d evt im elop rob - isolat ion mhapp et hods clockinastcouple esed t o psh owlem w hen t hings en edt o. r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s "Record Snif f" tw hehat w iryeout ohav sp ot n et w orh kave issu e done, a es fallback p lan , and pr ov ide a hist ory for y our self an d ot her Analy ze plocal and r em e access pr rad oblem in ur Etehern net w)or ks, er ingency clud ingchang issues Plan for eop le and eqot uipm ent upg es s( fut expet ansion . Em es w t oit h fix p r oblem cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew t hin g, b ut p lanned ch anges shou ld b e coor d in at ed p rop er ly t o assess t he r isk, planayforlint k, h e cha aut negot iateion, encapsulat and mor comomu nicat t he addr chanessing ge, im,plement t heion, ch ange, t estet h e chang e, and docum en t it . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron s On e of t he m ment aj or goals of t h e CI T cour se and t he Supp ort exam is t o m ak e sur e you est ablish a m et m indset f or t r oub leshoot ing so t h at y our net w ork operat es w it h a m inim um amou nt of dow nt im e. T Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on gener ic syst em at ic appr oach is met iculous, d isciplined, an d op t im ist ic. Any m et hod t h at y ou are alr Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP is pr obab ly fine for p ract ical pu rp oses, as lon g as you ar e sur e it t ak es adv ant ag e of t he benefit s a s Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, app roach can b r in g. For ex am pur p oses, how ev er , b e ver y fam iliar w it h t he Cisco p rob lem - solvin g m CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE Cisco of fers anot her m et hod called VI STA ( View, I solat e, Solv e, Test , Ap ply ) , w hich m ay b e a l easier t o r ecall in t he r eal w or ld of t r ou bleshoot in g. Cisco's lat est met hod ology says, " Def ine t h pr oblem , t hen I solat e, an d Corr ect . "

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The f ollow in g Tr ou ble Tick et g ives y ou a chance t o app ly t he Cisco m odel t o a sam ple n et w or k pr ob • I ndex obj ect iv es are t w ofold. I w ant you t o t r oublesh oot a par t icular t echnology b y app ly ing t h e sev en - st e CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing t r oub leshoot ing app r oach pr esen t ed ear lier in t his chap t er . Figur e 1- 2 0 sh ows a gr aph ic v iew of t h e By Donna L. Har Walk t h rou ghrington t he Tr oub le Tick et w it h m e as I u se t he Cisco m et hod t o solv e t he p r oblem and sum m im por t ant t ech nical concep t s. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Figu r e 1 - 2 0 . User s Ar e Not Loser s

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut oTE negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e NO App a layherted rou blesh ootsom ing met h odology t o r eallifessed rou tining swit chin g Ev enlyt houg h e tissu e is not et hing p rev iously discu t h and e book , it is som et hing y ou s env iron ment s fam iliar w it h in a Cisco env ir onm ent . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Trouble Ticket: Users Notoot Losers CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: TrAre oublesh in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. An en d user ( host a) calls in and repor t s, " I can 't get t o t he FTP ser v er . " CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im poran t ant con cep ral t he t o tinf h eort rmat oubleshoot t ion gofiven, t he CCNP ificat in g ding l This d Figur e 1-t 2s 0cen is tall ion y ou ing havpor e been so youcer m tust brion, ainstinclud orm accor

t hou ght s against t he Tr oub le Tick et solut ion t hat follow s.

Trouble Ticket Solution: Users Are Not Losers 1 . Defin e t he p rob lem . • •

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host a can 't get t o t he FTP ser v er , or at least t hat is w hat t he u ser is t elling y ou. I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

2 . Gat h er fact s.

By Donna L. Har rington

Fact gat h er ing r equir es you t o ask lot s of quest ions of u ser s and dev ices an d t o collab orat e w it long as y ou are sy st em at ic an d met hod ical, y ou can d ivide and con quer a bit wh ile you ar e ga Pub e: April 20 03 t oDat elim inat0e4,checking ev er y t hing . For exam ple, host a can't get t o t h e FTP ser v er . I n st ead of as I SBN: 158 720 -0 m any q uest ion57 s -0 of t he u ser s, y ou can t r y a sim ple pin g an d t racert f rom host a t o bot h of t he s net Pages: w or84 k 017 2. 16. 3. 0 . I f you can' t p in g, y ou kn ow y ou mu st t est f or Phy sical, D at a Lin k, and/ or Lay er issu es b et ween t he sour ce and dest inat ion net w or ks. Per haps y ou don 't hav e a r out e t o dest inat ion net w or k; but if you can ping , y ou can m ove you r t est in g ab ove t he Net w ork Lay er . is a pr oblem w it h a r out er in t he p at h. Tr acer t ( or t r acer out e) is helpfu l t h er e. You sh ould hav e and docum ent ed fact s such as t h e follow ing:

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. host a can pin g h ost b, it s g at ew ay 172. 1 6. 1. 1, b ot h devices on rem ot e net w or k 17 2. 16. 3 . Wit h t his b ook, you can: ever yt hing on net w ork 172 .1 6. 4. 0. t r acer t t owall it s lab local net wios or kaligned and all troem ot e ex n etam wort op k s ic, show Set u host p an ad can f ollow along it h host real-s won or ld scenar each w itnh in or Figur w it hout t h e act ual equip ment host a and host b on net w ork 1 72. 1 6. 1. 0 can 't FTP t o t he FTP serv er on net w or k 172 .1 6. 3. r em ot host s and er ment s can yFTP o t ysical h e FTPand ser vlogical er on nnet Est ablish a ebaseline andr out docu our t ph et wor w orkk 1 72. 16 . 3. 0. You e not su reing wht et ev er b ecause y ou don' t hav e any h er docum en t a I dent if y t rar oublesh oot arher get st his using pinwor g, tkred ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d otot her 3 . Con sider p ossibilit ies ( based on f act s) . t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Nar row dow n tthe f act s and possibilit ies so st hat can whhat r elev ant . You r fact s sh Diagn ose and r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem by fyou ollow ingfocus alongonw it autish orp r ovided yCat oualy f urstt her d ef ine t h e or ig inal p rob lem . Th e real issue is t h at h ost a can't FTP t ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin go t he FTP ser ver Becau se r1 , r 2, r 3, and t he h ost s on net w ork 1 72. 1 6. 4. 0 can FTP, y ou kn ow t he issue is n ot w i ser he v er ; ed in st eadlem t he- isolat pr oblem met ore lik ely volv e esTrt he 1 72. 16 .et 1.s0 net w ork of f of Usev ices in st r on u ct tor - dser ev elop p rob ion m hods t o rinesolv ouble Tick k now t h at y our pr oblem is not a Ph ysical or Dat a Link Lay er issue b ecause all p ings ar e succes " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 4 . Cr eat e an act ion p lan . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, and du , u t ilizat ionchang and collisions, andw idt h, onae-vweray linely k, t ar g St ar t w it sp h teed h e most likplex ely cause and e only onebvar iable at CSMA/ a t im e.CD, r 1 is y lik aut o yon negot iattion, addr1essing and ever e on he local 72. 16,.1encapsulat . 0 n et w or kion, is af fectmor ed . eYour act ion plan should include fur t h er i of r 1. Sav e y our conf igur at ions and w rit e d ow n ev ery st ep you int en d t o per for m . The Cisco I O App a llay t rou blesh r eala ccelyssister s ed com m and is oot by ing f ar met t h e hmodology ost r elevt oant h erlife e. rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 5 . I m plem ent act ion p lan . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco(The r) Ishow nt er net orkss-Trou in g (rCI t opt he ics ftollowin hat p r ep arer y1:ou for t he CCNP aw cce li st bleshoot s com m and evT) eals g on Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#sh access-lists Extended IP access list ftp • •

deny tcp any any (16 matches) Table of Content s I ndex

permit icmp any any CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing (4

matches)

By Donna L. Har rington

permit tcp any 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 eq ftp-data

Pub lish er:permit Cisco Press tcp

any 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 eq ftp

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

The access list is t he r eason host a can 't FTP t o t he serv er . Aft er y ou fou nd t he access list , y ou t hat it w as applied ou t boun d on in t er f ace s0 by ex am in ing t he r un ning conf ig ur at ion. You v er if t y ping show i p i nt e rf ace s0 , an d sur e enou gh t he FTP access list was applied ou t bou nd. Your analysis r equir es t hat you f ur t her def in e y our act ion plan. You m ay t em por ar ily d ecide t o Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble st at ement of f t he int er face so t h at t he access list is not app lied ( no ip a cce ss- g roup ft p ou t ) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. allow s host a t o FTP, y ou shou ld f ix t he access list for a m ore p er m anent solut ion. You shou ld s int er face dow n un t il all chan ges hav e been m ade. Not e t hat t he access list d en ies all TCP com m Wit h t his b ook, you can: fr om any wh er e t o any w her e out bou nd. Your p in gs shou ld succeed because of t he I CMP st at em t he t w o pe rm i t t cp st at em ent s d on't accom p lish a t h ing becau se t hey use t he su bnet mask r a necessar car dalong m askw. itI nh trealhis ex amldple, is p rob easiest t o com let ely emwov e tor he old Set u p anydwf ild ollow w or lab itscenar iosably aligned t o each expam t opric, it h and cr eat e anot her on e. You m ay n eed t o g o back t o t he t op of t he Cisco t r oub leshoot ing ladd w it hout t h e act ual equip ment t o gat her m or e fact s t o det er min e ex act ly w hat t he access list shou ld d o. Assu m e you d id t h at host b, anda any ot h erand hostdocu s except 72.ysical 16 . 1.and 13 added net Est ablish baseline ment host y our1ph logicalt on et ww orork k 1 72. 1 6. 1. 0 sh ould be ab 17 2. 16. 3 .1 3. Alt hou gh host 172 .1 6. 1. 13 should not be ab le t o FTP, all ot her I P- relat ed com m a I dent if y ed. t r oublesh oot ing t art oget s using sh ow clear debu ot her be allow You also w ant det er m inepin w g, hett rhace, er h ost 17, 2. 16 .1, .1 3 evg, eran atdt em pt s t o FTP t o t he t r oub new leshoot an d uldt ilit Your acting ion tpools lan shou at ies t em pt t o cr eat e and app ly t he f ollowin g access list on r 1: Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r1(config)#ip access-list extended ftp aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config-ext-nacl)#deny tcp host 172.16.1.13 172.16.3.13 eqg 20 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- lifehost rou t ing and swit chin env iron ment s r1(config-ext-nacl)#deny tcp host 172.16.1.13 host 172.16.3.13 eq 21 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on any Cisco(r1(config-ext-nacl)#permit r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in gip ( CIany T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-ext-nacl)#interface serial 0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ftp out im porr1(config-if)#ip t ant con cep t s cen t ralaccess-group t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config-if)#end r1#copy running-config startup-config

6 . Ob ser ve result s. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex Test y our n ew access list by m ak in g su re t hat host a an d h ost b can ping and FTP t o t he FTP ser t o en su re t hat it can' t FTP t o t he FTP ser ver ; it should, how eve ping an rington d t racert . I t is cr it ical t o m ak e sur e you f ixed t he p rob lem at han d and did not in t r oduc By Donna L. Har I n addit ion, ev ery one mu st be con t en t w it h y our solut ion; ot her w ise it is st ill a pr ob lem . Mak e save you r configu r at ions and docu ment t he findin gs. Now t h at t h ings ar e w or k in g, y ou m ay co Pub lish er: Cisco Press r ev isit in g you r act ion p lan . Alt ern at ively , y ou could place t h is ACL in boun d on in t er f ace e0 t o f Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 closer t o t he sour ce. CCNP Ppossible, ra cti cal St udi Tr ouble shoot addes:host 1 72. 1 6.ing 1. 13

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 t he solut ion. 7 . Docum ent

Docum ent all chang es an d you r new conf ig ur at ions.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t haccess-lists e act ual equip ment r1#show Est ablish a IP baseline andlist docuftp ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Extended access I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her deny tcp host 172.16.1.13 host 172.16.3.13 eq ftp-data t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies deny tcp host 172.16.1.13 host 172.16.3.13 eq ftp Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g permit ip any any Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#show ip interface serial 0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Internet is ,172.16.2.1/24 cabling, sp eedaddress and du plex u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron mentdetermined s Address by non-volatile memory Desig ned for is aspir ing CCNP MTU 1500 bytesand CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing address exam . Full pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Helper isofnot set CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld apDirected plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. is disabled broadcast forwarding CCNP PrMulticast act ical St ud reserved ies: Tr oublesh oot in gjoined: p r ovides224.0.0.10 y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e groups im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Outgoing access list is ftp Inbound

access list is not set

Proxy ARP is enabled

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

This Tr oub le Tick et h as pr ov id ed y ou w it h t h e opp ort u nit y t o pr act ice solv ing a pr ob lem u sin g t h e C CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing st ep ap pr oach an d t o r ev iew t he follow in g about access list s: By Donna L. Har rington

coding y our PubWhen lish er: Cisco Press

ACLs, use t op- d ow n p r ocessin g. Place t he m or e specif ic it ems at t h e t op and it ems at t h e bot t om . D on' t r ely on a par t icular v er sion of t he I OS t o or der t h in gs f or y ou.

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

1- 58 -0 57 -0 i t st at em ent is requ ir ed; ot her w ise t h e im plicit default of de ny a ny a ny ap p AtI SBN: least on720 e pe rm Pages: 84 0

Wildcar d m ask s ar e used in ACLs. Th ey pr ed at e subn et m ask s. Man y people w r it e a 0 w it h a li any how , so just dr aw a ch eck m ark over it so t hat y ou r em em ber t h at 0 m eans check. Think of dot abov e it so it look s m ore lik e t h e let t er i, f or ignor e. For ex amp le, 1 72. 1 6. 1. 13 0. 0. 0. 0 m ea bit s if t h is st at em ent is in t he ACL. I nst ead of spelling out t he 0 .0 .0 . 0, I u sed t he key wor d hos r ev access listt he . ByCCNP t h e sam e t oken, 1ing 72. exam 1 6. 0. 0w0. 0.TCP/ 255 . 255 im plies t he f irst 16 bi Hand sonised pr act ice for Tr oubleshoot it h I P, LAN, an dt oWcheck AN t r ouble t he last 16. 172 .1 6. 0. 0 255 . 255 .2 55. 25 5 is t he sam e as ign ore all bit s or t h e k ey w or d a ny ; an t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. being pe rm i t i p a ny a ny , w hich says p er m it all I P t r aff ic fr om an yw her e t o any w here. Wit h t his b ook, you can: An ACL w ill not block t r aff ic origin at ing fr om t h e r out er. You obser v ed t h is w hen y ou could FTP 17 2. 16. 3 .1 3 b ut not fr om host a, wh er e y ou had t o go t h r ough t he aff ect ed rou t er . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Nam ed ACLs enable y ou ment t o r em ove in divid ual lines of code; alt h ough in t his ex amp le, it w as j u w it hout t h e act ual equip delet e it an d st ar t again. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k To d elet e an ACL, it is b est pr act ice t o t y pe no in f ron t of t h e lines t o cr eat e and app ly t he ACL of anyif yv er sion inconsist cies. em ptpin y ACL t hat is an intg, eran face used I dent t r oublesh oot ingent ar get sAn using g, t r ace, sh applied ow , cleart o, debu d ot her t o deny ev ery per m itleshoot s ev er ing yt h in g. Juan st ddon 't app t r oub t ools u t ilit ies ly an em pt y ACL. Alw ay s creat e b ef or e you app ly and use t h t ools f or edit ing because you can' t ad d or delet e lin es w it h in t h e ACL in t he Cisco com man d- lin t r oublesh acteu al f ollow (Diagn CLI ) .ose Howand ev er, you canoot delet lin pr esoblem w it h ins abynam ed ing ACL.along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g When t r oubleshoot ing ACLs, use de bug an d log ; mat ch es ar e also h elp ful. For ex am ple, t he l Use st r ucan ct ordet - d ev lemt he - isolat m et hods esolv eevTr how in you er elop m ineedw p h rob et h er h ostion y ou w an t ed t too r deny erouble at t emTick p t sett os FTP any how . " Snif f" gh t henot w irappar e t o sp ot in n ett hwis orex k issu es y ou sh ould n ot h ave pr oblem s m od if y in g an ou t boun d Alt hou ent am ple, r em ot ely . How ev er, you could pot ent ially lock y our self out of t he r out er w it h an inbou nd. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, plexpr, ot u tocol, ilizat ion andwion. idt h, CD,hav onee-been w ay an lin k,issu e i Rem em bsp er eed , on eand ACLduper per and in t ercollisions, f ace, p er dbirect ThCSMA/ is w ould aut ohav negot iat ion, essing t, he encapsulat ion,ssand mor est at em ent so t hat t he in cor r ect ACL w as not e t em por araddr ily issued no ip a cce g roup App lyt haatlay er ed t rou blesh inghmet odology t o cise r eal-and life trou t ing andsolv swited chin Now y ou hav e gon e toot hr oug t hehent ir e exer echnically t heg im plied p rob lem env ironly ment s pr obab sh ould hav e asked you r self w het her t he user was supp osed t o h ave access t o t h e FTP aw ar e of any p olicies in p lace ou t sid e t he act u al config ur at ion of n et wor k ing eq uipm ent . Th is s Desigof ned for "aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on y our g at herin g f act s" st ep. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Practical Troubleshooting On e day y ou w ill get a call t hat say s t h e net w or k is dow n. Be ver y pr epar ed t o div ide and conqu er t o g et t o t he r eal pr oblem. Wor k t hr oug h t he af fect ed lay er s. Rem em b er t hat sh oot in g t r oub le is oft en about qu est ions. Do y ou ask t h e equipm ent or t he user ? Who is wait in g f or t h e •r esult s? WhatTable Content s hasofh appened? When did it occu r ? Wh y? Wher e did it hap pen? Plu g it in; t ur n it •on. Make su re I ndex you hav e ligh t s and pow er . Did it ev er wor k ? Wh at h as chang ed since it last CCNP P ra ctiCheck cal St udi es:obv Tr ouble shoot ingis com p lain in g? I s it an en d- sy st em issue? Ch eck t h e w or ked? t he iou s. Who app licat L. ionHar and config ur at ion if it is an in div id ual p er son or m ach ine. I s it a gr oup of people or By Donna rington m achines? Ch eck connect ivit y and perf or m ance. Run t hr oug h t he OSI lay er s; r em em ber ping andPub t r ace; check t he r out in g t ab les. I s it a local seg m en t issu e or does it ex t end t h rou gh rou t ers? lish er: Cisco Press I s a b ad NI C, cable, or dev ice causing per for m ance degr adat ion ? Ping y our self , ping som eon e Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 local, ping t he default gat ew ay, or st ar t b y pingin g a r em ot e n et wor k t o t est all of t h ese. Tr ace I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 t he pr oblem. What is slow : cab lin g, link , d ev ices? D o y ou hav e a b aseline com par ison ? Use ping, 0 t r ace, Pages: a pr ot84ocol an aly zer , and ot her t ools on an ong oing basis. Did som eone else t ry t o f ix t he pr oblem ? Nev er b e t oo pr oud t o ask f or help. Act ually it is q uit e h elpf ul t o hav e p eop le wit h d if fer en t b ack gr oun ds on y our t eam , w het h er it be in a t est lab or pr act ical env ir on ment . You mu st be ab le t o p rior it ize pr oblem ar eas and people for t hat m at er .ice Norfor m ally t he CEO has a pr oblem , youwtitak careI P,ofLAN, it im an mediat ely ;t rifouble ever yon e Hand s- on prtact t he if CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam h eTCP/ d W AN else in t he com pan y is dow n , h owev er, obv iou sly t hey t ak e pr ecedence ( one of t hose 8, 9 , 10 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. lay er t hings—f inance, polit ics, and religion) . Moder n d ay pr ior it izat ion say s let t he CEO w ait so tWit hath wt his henb you m ore people or r esou rces t he CEO r ecogn iz es t he need. ook, ask youf or can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld Models and Methods w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

I w ould to a cr baseline ed it m y REDI m odel sour ce, but it is som hing I nlear Estlike ablish and docu ment y our ph ysical andetlogical et wned or k ab out in colleg e w hile at Johns Hop kin s. I t hink it cam e fr om a sy st ems desig n or dat abase t ex t book . I n any case, t he dent if yg tivr oublesh using t r ace, , debu aned efotfect herive y et easy REDI Im odel es m e aoot sy ing st emt ar atget ic ms ind set pin for g, w hat ev ershI ow am, clear d oing. I t is g, quit t remb oub leshoot t ools an d su of t ilitt he ies REDI m odel ar e as follow s: t o rem er . Th eing basic t enant Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Defin Requir Cat alyestYour ( r ) OS and ement Cisco sI OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ev h eorAlt ived es p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Usealuat in ster ut ct - d er evnat elop D esigf"n tan " Snif hedwDirev e telop o sp ot n et w or k issu es IAnaly m plement ( and en ot doe itaccess all over again )s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ze local andt hr em pr oblem cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, I f t heaut d esign andiatdev ment w or, kencapsulat is don e, yion, ou arand e prmor obab o negot ion,elop addr essing e ly t rou blesh oot ing or st ar t ing t he life cycle all ov er again. Whet her it is t akin g a cer t ificat ion t est , a new con su lt in g gig, or apply ing for a j ob,App t akin rued ct ur ed blesh app r oach docu ment int o g ap pr opr ely areand of uswit t m ost ly ga alayster t rou oot ingand met h odology r eallife iat rou t ing chinim g por t ance. env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Baselining and Documentation Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Baselinin g an d ocu m enTr t atoublesh ion ar eoot cr ucial o you r longt er m success it h pet int it erion nettwhrorough k CCNP Pr act icald St ud ies: in g g tives y ou an edg e ov er t he w com r ealtwr or oub leshoot ing . This is n ot j ust t heory ; for if y ou don' t k now w hat is n or mal, h ow do y ou k now ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. w her e t o b eg in w it h t r oub leshoot ing . What if you g et t he call say ing t he n et w or k is slow ? Slow com par o w hat ? ies: Did yTrou collectoot aniny gdat w hen ytou he w net k wical as inst alled r unall ning CCNP Pred actt ical St ud oublesh p raovides it hw porract inf or mat and ion on the pr ou aud it itt ral f r om o t im e, or ing h ave you ak en t he cer pu tt-ificat out - tion, he- fir e app imoper por t ly, ant do cony cep t s cen t o tthim e et r toubleshoot por t ionj ust of t he CCNP includ inroach g

t o net w ork man agement ? You should k now w hat inf orm at ion t o collect , how t o st or e it , and w ho is af fect ed by w h at . Ut ilizat ion ( CPU and band w id t h) ; m em or y; err or st at ist ics; pr ot ocol dist r ibut ion ; t r aff ic st at ist ics; chan ges in har dw ar e, sof t w ar e, and con figu rat ion ; an d p ast t r oub leshoot ing docu ment at ion ar e all im por t ant aspect s for t rou blesh oot ing. Tr ack pat t er ns and t r ends. Wh en y ou find out w ho or w hat is aff ect ed, t im e of d ay, day of w eek , an d m on t h of y ear , y ou can com par e t his t o y our baselin e. I n t he f orm of pict ur es, char t s, m aps, t ables, an d dat abases, you r baselin e should include it em s • Table of Content s such as t he f ollowin g: •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington Mod el num ber

Serial num ber

RAM/ Flash mem or y

I OS v er sion

e: April 03 s ConPub fig-Dat r egist er0 4, set20t ing

I nt er face st at ist ics

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Band wid t h/ speed

Clock in g

En cap su lat ion

Du plex

Descr ipt ion s

Add resses

Pages: 84 0

Passw or ds Span ning- t ree p ort f ast Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble VLANs Rou t ed p rot ocols t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Rou t ing pr ot ocols Br idged pr ot ocols Wit h t his b ook, you can: I n pr act ion ,along ot her wt hitings t hat arlde lab v aluab le t oios docu ment t o include t he ailed ion Setical u p ap anplicat d f ollow h realw or scenar aligned each ex amdet t op ic, wlocat it h or of equipm ent ( dow n t o t he count ry , st at e, cit y , bu ild in g, w ir ing closet , r ack, and posit ion ) . St or e w it hout t h e act ual equip ment t his in for m at ion in a log b ook, on y our net w ork , or y our person al digit al assist ant ( PDA) f or t h at m at t er. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k From Iadent p ract if yical t r oublesh v iew poin ootting , pict t ar urget es sarusing e w onder pin g,futlr race, esour shces. ow , Phy clear sical , debu lay out g, an s, dlogical ot her m aps, list s of pr ot t rocols oub leshoot ( r out ed, ing bt ools r id ged, an dan u tdilit r ou iest in g in clu ding r ed ist r ibu t ion an d f ilt er ing ) can aid y ou in t he pr ocess. I nclu de y our I n t er net con nect ion s, addr essing p lan s, DHCP, NAT, secur it y plans, Diagn t r oublesh oots act al prdiagr oblem s s. by What f ollowising w ityou h aut or-not p r ovided and app licatose ion and im plem ent at ion in yu our am noralong m al for mhay be wh at is Catf or alytst ) OS per andson Cisco OS( r ) Sof t wion ar eand comdmiag and inp put , and nor m al he( r next , so Idocum ent at ram s ut ar ,e ou in tvaluab le. loggin Chang ge is t r uly t h e only t h ing con st ant in t h is in dust r y —soft w ar e, har dw ar e, and config ur at ion. Doct or s k eep Useoninystour r u ctch orild - dren ev elop ed tph rob lem m et t ohout r esolv e Trlife, ouble Tick et s in g su ch r ecor ds fr om e t im e -t isolat hey arion e bor n hods t hr oug t heir d ocu ment t hin gs as shot s, d iseases, sy m pt om s, cur es, op er at ions, an d so on. D o t he sam e f or y our " Snif f" t he e ttoo sp ot r npr etoblem w or k issu net w or k. The an w swirer you w illes be easier t o f ind if it hap pened b ef or e and y ou docum ent ed it in a d at abase of some kind . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eedoot and , u t ilizat andw h, CSMA/ CD, onapply e- w ayinglintk, Pr act ical t rou blesh ing du is plex all about t akion ing and t he collisions, p r ev ious mbet hodsidtand m odels and hem aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e t o t he r eal w or ld . Regar dless of t he m od el/ m et hod y ou f ollow , if y ou t ak e a sy st em at ic ap pr oach y ou w ill b e able t o nar r ow t he pr oblem dow n. Amat eur s an d pr os alik e shou ld b e able t o analy ze App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g new an d com plex pr oblem s w it h an ef fect iv e st r at egy . I t is n ot n ecessar y t o be a kn ow- it - all t o env iron ment s be an eff ect iv e t r oub leshoot er . A su ccessf ul t r oub leshoot er is a logical t hink er w it h com m on sen se ned and for people Div ide y ou d id w it h ind t heisp access Trou ble Ticket Desig aspirskills. ing CCNP andand CCIconq E( r) uer pr ofas essionals, t his en sablist le lab g uide b uilds; on nar r ow p ossibilit ies d ow n b y t he lay er s. An alyze and resolve. I f y ou can 't , escalat e t Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP he issue t o tTr heoubleshoot t eam t hating canexam . . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealAn unsy st em at ic ap pr oach is t im e- con sum in g and cost ly . This concept is st ressed on t he CCNP w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Tr oubleshoot ing exam , CCI E ex am s, and CCSI ex am s. Tr oublesh oot ing m odels and m et h ods help ceical a lar set of o ainsmaller set of causes bet t erinfyet a single CCNPredu Pr act Stge ud ies: Tr causes oubleshtoot g p r ovides y ou w it h por, ract ical or,mat ion oncause. all t h eThen yim oupor can solve t he pr oblem an d d ocu ment it for f ut ur e r efer en ce t o h elp m it ig at e t h e pr essur t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in ges of

supp ort in g cr it ical comp lex in t er net w or k s. Rem em ber , how ever , t h at v en dor in t er oper abilit y is far less sm oot h t han t heor y m odels pr et en d it t o b e.

•

Table of Content s

•

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Review Questions Use t his chapt er an d y our pr act ical t rou blesh oot ing kn ow ledg e and skills t o answ er t he f ollow ing qu est ions. Th e answ er s ar e locat ed in App en dix A, " An sw er s t o Rev iew Qu est ions. " •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

: ctiThe anes: spTr ort Layshoot er ising t he CCNP 1 P ra cal StTr udi ouble

host - t o- host lay er in t he OSI m odel and t he TCP/ I P suit e. I t is in bet w een t he u pper an d low er lay er s an d d ep en ding on t he p rot ocol is By Donna L. Har rington r espon sib le for d eliv er y , er ror det ect ion, and corr ect ion . Descr ibe t he up per layer s of t he OSI m odel and includ e ex am ples. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub April ibe 0 4, 20 03 2 :Dat e: Descr t he

low er layer s of t he OSI m odel and include ex am ples.

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

3Pages: : Dr84 aw 0 a pict ur e show ing t he diff er ences bet w een OSI lay ers an d TCP/ I P lay er s. 4:

Ex plain en capsulat ion u sin g t he app rop r iat e pr ot ocol dat a unit t erm inolog y.

5:

Ex plain de- encapsulat ion, in clud ing how Layer 2 han ds of f t o Layer 3 , how Lay er 3 dsice of f for t o Layer 4, and so on. Hand s- on han pr act t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 6 : What is t h e diff er ence bet w een a hub , sw it ch , and r out er ? Wit h t his b ook, you can: 7 : What is t h e diff er ence bet w een r out ed and r out ing p rot ocols? Giv e ex amp les of each. 8Set : uDescr p an dibe f ollow p ack along et f lowws itt h hr realoug hwror ouldt erlab s. scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 9 : How can t he OSI m odel assist in t r oub leshoot in g? Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 1 0 : List t he seven st ep s of t he Cisco t r ou bleshoot in g m od el? I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Summary This chap t er pr esent ed an in t r oduct ion t o t rou bleshoot in g, a r ev iew of st andar ds and pr ot ocols, indu st ry mod els, t r oub leshoot in g m et hod s, baselining , and d ocu ment at ion t echniq ues. The chapt er cov er ed t he OSI m odel and included infor m at ion on how an un derst an ding of t hat m odel •can aid y ou in Table s t h eoft rContent oubleshoot ing pr ocess. Th e DoD TCP/ I P suit e w as also cov ered and •com par ed t o I tndex he OSI m odel. The Tr oub le Tick et of fered y ou an op por t unit y t o app ly t he Cisco CCNP ra cti cal ing St udi Tr ouble shoot ing t echn iq ues y ou lear ned in t h is ch apt er. Now t hat y ou hav e t r oubPleshoot mes: et hod and ot her r ev iew ed st ud ied a sy st em at ic ap pr oach t o t r oubleshoot ing, you shou ld d et er m in e w het her By Donna L. and Har rington y ou r eally hav e t he righ t t ools for t h e job . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 2. What's in Your Tool Bag? On e of you r obj ect iv es t hus far is f or y ou t o shoot t r ouble r at h er t han let t r ouble shoot y ou. When confr on t ed w it h net w or k pr oblems, it is of ut m ost im por t an ce f or y ou t o d ef ine t he pr h er fact s, ands consider v ariou s possib ilit ies based on t h ose fact s. The con nect ion • oblem , gat Table of Content m ay not be p ossible, f or ex am ple, or p er hap s t he dat a t ran sf er is ju st slow . Hig her- lev el • I ndex pr ocesses m ay pr ov id err or - check CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tre ouble shoot ing ing issu es, r et r ansmission p rob lem s, r out ed and r out ing pr ot ocol issues, and ot her pr oblem s. Low er- lev el dat a- link t ar g et s are b asically int er faces and By Donna L. Har rington cont r oller s. This chap t er r ev iew s t he out put of som e b asic I OS comm an ds t o assist y ou in ident if ying t r oub le- shoot in g t arg et s and t o p rov e t h is bot t om - u p t r ou bleshoot in g t heory befor e er: ur Cisco Press y ouPub adlish vent e int o t he d et ailed t rou blesh oot ing Trou ble Ticket - based ch apt er s t o f ollow. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

This chap t er1- focuses I SBN: 58 720 -0 57on -0 man y of t he CCNP Tr ou bleshoot in g object ives an d is j ust as cr it ical t o y our ov erall cer t ificat ion an d pr act ical success as t he p reced ing ch apt er . This chap t er sp ecifically Pages: 84 0 add resses w h at y ou need in you r t ool b ag for Cisco t r ou bleshoot in g. Th e chapt er st ar t s by r ev iew in g I OS comm an ds and g oes on t o discu ss ot her har dw ar e- an d sof t w are- r elat ed t ools y ou need in y our b ag. This chap t er cov er s t he f ollowin g t opics: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. I OS Tr ou bleshoot in g Tools Wit h t his b ook, you can: Cisco Con nect ion On lin e Pr oject Set u p an DOTU d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Net w ork Managem ent Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Har dw ar e Tools and Media Test ers I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Net w ork Monit t r oub leshoot ingortsools an d u t ilit ies Pr ot ocol s Diagn oseAnaly and tzer r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Deskt op Tools Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e You can f ind files and link s t o u t ilit ies t h at sup por t t h is book on t he Cisco Press App ed t rou blesh oot ing872 met h odology eal- life rou thav ing eand swit g w ebsit e ly at aw lay w wer .ciscop r ess.com / 15 005 70. Event oifr you do not a lab , ychin ou can env iron ment s t ak e adv ant ag e of t he sup por t ing config ur at ion f iles in clu ding t he log s t o u nder st and dev ice in put and out p ut . Th e files ar e list ed t hr oug hout t he ch apt ers in it alics. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( netable w orkt oTrou t opeics p rppor ep are y ou for of t he I n ordr)erI nt t oerbe readbleshoot and w orinkg w( CI it hT)som of tthat he su t ing f iles fer CCNP ed at Trwoubleshoot exam/.15 Full pr act cises t h at et ynou r eady f orofchallenges on t he j ob, w w .ciscop ring ess.com 872of005 70,ical y ouexmeray w ant to g dow load som e t he pr ogr ams CCNP ical St ies: TrIoublesh in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eallist edPrinact Table I -ud 1 in the n t r oductoot ion. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Supporting Website Files cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

IOS Troubleshooting Tools Cisco is m or e t han j ust a har dw ar e comp any . Cisco I OS p r ovides y ou w it h p ow er fu l diag nost ic pr ogr am s such as show , pi ng, t ra ce , l og, an d de bug com m ands. Mast er ing t hem is im por t ant because some of t hese can be sim ple t ools t hat can st ill save y ou a g reat deal of t im e. •

Table of Content s

•Table 2 - 1 an Idndex t he f ollow ing sect ion s r ev iew some b asic I OS t r oub leshoot ing t ools. The object ives CCNP St udi Tr ouble ing sum mar ize t h e im por t ance of t he com m ands so t hat y ou can pu t her e Parraectit ocalr ev iewes:t he out pshoot ut and tBy hem t o pr act ical use. Many t im es it is adv ant ageous if y ou can p hy sically inspect t he har dw ar e, su c Donna L. Har rington as t h e eq uipm ent , cab les, and conn ect or s; bu t m ay be y ou can 't . Lot s of t im es y ou ar e r em ot e t o t he pr oblem , depend in g on y our scenar io, so it is cr it ical t o kn ow t he t ools innat e t o t he I OS t o assist Pub lish er: Cisco Press y ou. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE Rev iew Ch apt er 1, " Sh oot ing Trou ble," t o mak e sur e y ou hav e an und er st and in g of p r ot ocol t echnical char act er ist ics and a sy st em at ic m et hod for t rou blesh oot ing. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Tabwleit h2real-1 . wI or OS Tr ou bleios sh aligned oot i ngt oTool Set u p an d f ollow along ld lab scenar each sex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Cisco D e scri ptand i on docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline Com m a nd I dent if y t r oublesh ingoft ar shorowst, at clear debu g, ancom d otmher show A snapoot shot w hget at sisusing occurpin r in g, g ttor ace, m onit u s. ,The show and s en able y ou t r oub leshoott oing t ools an d u t ilit ies det ect neighb ors, spot per for m ance issu es, an d isolat e pr oblem s. oublesh oot u al pr oblemivit s by ollow ing alongy w pi ngDiagn ose and Dett rerm ine en d- tact o- end connect y fand reachabilit . it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g t ra cer out e Hop- b y- h op appr oach t o f in ding t he pr oblem . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s log Mon it or and v iew m essag es t hat record r eal- t ime ev ent s, such as er r or s, w arn ings t r ansit " Snif f" t he wand ir e tst o at speot n et w ions. or k issu es de bug Use f or t r oub leshoot in g t r af fic f low or m iscon figu rat ion s; not f or n orm al d aily Analy ze local and em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h oper at rions. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing Cisco Show Commands env iron ment s

met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

Cisco showforcom m ands give aand snapshot hat is occu rrt his ing ind to m or st us,gduide et ectb uilds n eig hbor Desig ned aspir ing CCNP CCI E( r)ofprwof essionals, isponit en sab leatlab on s, spo per for m d isolat e pr oblem s.T) This cov er sy sever show com m ands t o p repar Cisco( r) ance I nt erissu net wes, orkanTrou bleshoot in g ( CI t opdiscussion ics t hat p r ep are ou foralt he CCNP yTrou f or t h e chapt er p ract icalofexer cise, ariou s Tr ouble hr ough t he book ,on antdheforj ob, y our oubleshoot ing exam . Full pr act icalv ex er cises t h at gTicket et y ous rt eady f orout challenges ov er allPrr act eal-ical w orld t ries: oubleshoot ingoot needs. ee an t o use e qu mpet arkit(ion ?) for h elp or m or e CCNP St ud Tr oublesh in g g Feel ives fyrou edg et hov er est t heion com t hr ough r ealdet Beplicat aw arion e t hat show y ieldst op difics. fer en t r esu lt s accor din g t o w het her y ou are in u ser m ode or w orail. ld ap of LAN and? WAN pr iv ileged ( enable) m ode. I n add it ion , y ou can use show cdp ? t o display t h e opt ional key w ord s CCNP udpies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e av ailabPrleact w ical it h t St h at art icular com m and. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE The f ollow in g ex am ples and scr een shot s wer e capt ur ed w it h lit t le or no t r af fic, bu t ar e som e of t he com m ands y ou should use t o set up a b aseline. Any t im e y ou see . . . I h ave cu t par t of t he ou t put . •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Use show cont r oll er s f or Et hern et , Token Ring , FDDI , or T1 t o see D TE/ DCE, clock ing , ban dw idt h, By Donna L. Har rington and t o det erm ine w h et h er t he cable is p lu gged in pr operly . Nar r ow t he com m and out p ut by specif yin g an int er face, such as s0. Rem emb er , h ow ev er, t o p ut a space bet w een t h e s and t he 0. er: Cisco Press ThisPub islish t he only I OS com m and I can t hin k of w here y ou m ust p ut t he space ( b ut , in fact , t his is an Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20en 03 t behav ior ) . Ex am ples 2- 1 t hr ough 2- 3 sh ow t he ou t pu t of show cont r oll er s I OS r eleasedepend I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 -0 ser ia l 0 . Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 2 - 1 . show con t r oll er s on D CE En d w i t h ser i al 0 Up an d Ru nn in g Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r2>show controllers 0 k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. t icket s b ased on Cisco I nserial t ern et w or Wit hunit t his b0, ook, you HD idb = can: 0xDFE7C, driver structure at 0xE52F8 buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DCE cable, clockrate 64000 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ... w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies The sh aded line em ph asizes t h e V.3 5 DCE cable w it h a clock r at e of 6 400 0. Th e DCE end of a ser ial line alw ay s ose pr ovand id est rclock in g oot ( t iming sypr nchr onizat ion) . Norm y ouwriteceiv he pclock fr om t he Diagn oublesh act u al oblem s by f ollow ingally along h autehtorr ovided ser v ice pr ovider , b ut in a lab scen ario a b ack t ob ack 6 0pin ser ial cable is u sed ( in w hich t h e DCE Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g end r eq uires t h e clock r at e com m and) . You can or der t h ese cables for you r lab f r om such places as Eb ay.Use cominorst rSt onew le.ed com . Sear f or ion " cable ande pinou t s" Tick on Cisco.com f or a u ct or - dallcab ev elop p rob lem -ch isolat m etassem hods tblies o r esolv Tr ouble et s pict ur e of t h e DB60 60 - pin, male, b ack - t o- b ack EI A- 530 t y pe u sed for t he pr act ical exam ples in t his book ." Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Ex amAnaly ple 2-ze 2 sh local owsand wh at r em h appens ot e access wh en pr oblem y ou unp s inlug Et thern he cable. et net w I f or you ks, can, in clud seting upissues t w o r out w it er h s of y ou ow n wcabling, it h t h e back sp eed - t oand back du plex serial , ucable t ilizatan iond and givecollisions, it a t ry . b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App t rou blesh ing er met t o r ealt ing w and swit Exa m pllye a2lay - 2er . ed show conoot t r oll s haodology n d show i ntlife e r frou aces ith sechin r iagl 0 env iron ment s Un plu gge d Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r2# CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 00:59:36: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 00:59:37: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol changed im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t on ion Interface of t he CCNPSerial0, cer t ificat ion, includ instate g

to down r2#show controllers serial 0 HD unit 0, idb = 0xDFE7C, driver structure at 0xE52F8 buffer size 1524

HD unit 0, No cable, clockrate 64000

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r2#show serial 0 By Donna L. interfaces Har rington Serial0 is down, line protocol is down Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Hardware is HD64570 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 Description: r2 s0 DCE to r1 s0 DTE

Internet address is 192.168.2.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Encapsulation HDLC, loopback set (10 sec) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Trnot oub set, leshootkeepalive in g ( CI T) t opics. output 00:03:35, output hang never WitLast h t hisinput b ook, 00:03:31, you can: Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Est ablish a baseline and docufair ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Queueing strategy: weighted I dent ifqueue: y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pintotal/threshold/drops) g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Output 0/1000/64/0 (size/max t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Conversations 0/2/256 (active/max active/max total) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 390 packets input, 22659 bytes, 0 no buffer b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Received 367 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env 0 input iron ment errors, s 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort Desig ned aspir ingoutput, CCNP and CCI E(bytes, r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 389 for packets 23296 0 underruns Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full0 ofcollisions, pr act ical ex er26 cises t h at g et y resets ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 0 output errors, interface CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld 0 apoutput plicat ionbuffer of LAN and WAN t op0ics. failures, output buffers swapped out CCNP 7 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e carrier transitions im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

DCD=down

DSR=down

DTR=down

RTS=down

CTS=down

r2# 01:06:38: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up 01:06:39: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state • •

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...

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

The show oll-0er I SBN:cont 1- 58 r720 57s-0ou t pu t " n o cable" on r 2 in dicat es t hat t he cable is u nplug ged. Hence, t he st at usPages: of ser84ial0 in Ex am ple 2- 2 is t hat s0 is dow n and t h e line pr ot ocol is d own . Not ice t he last 0 couple of lines of t h e display for show i nt e rf aces se ri al 0 . Th ese ind icat e car r ier t ran sit ion s; all m odem cont r ol leads ar e d own , t oo. Th is is obv iously a Layer 1 issu e. Now plug t h e cab le back in and t ak e a look at t h e DTE en d on r 1 in Ex am ple 2- 3. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Exa m pl e 2 - 3 . show con t r oll er s on D TE End w it h se r ia l 0 U p a nd Ru nn in g t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1>show controllers serial 0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or HD unit 0, idb = ual 0xFC1A8, driver structure at 0x101628 w it hout t h e act equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu our ph ysical and logical n et w or k buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, ment V.35 yDTE cable if y t eda r oublesh oot ing t ar get s= using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her cpb =I dent 0xE2, = 0x4064, cda 0x4078 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies RX ring with 16 entries at 0xE24000 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ds=0xE2F240 ) Sof t w ar e comstatus=80 m and inp utpak_size=45 , ou t put , and loggin g 00 bd_ptr=0x4000 pak=0x104A60 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 01 bd_ptr=0x4014 pak=0x103E60 ds=0xE2C9D8 status=80 pak_size=45 r1>

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

I t is of t enlyd a ifflay icult o discuss onoot e I ing OS com and w it hout m en t ioning anot h erswit . For exgamp le, it is App er ted t rou blesh met hmodology t o r eallife rou t ing and chin alm ost imiron possib le st o discuss t he show cont r oll er s com m and w it hout m en t ioning t he show env ment in t er fa ces com m and because t hey ar e bot h v ery im p ort an t low er- lev el t r oubleshoot ing t ar get Desig com man nedds. for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP The show i nt ing e rf aces m of andprshow s tex heerstcises at ist ics allytou he rEt her net Tok en Rin g, ATM, Tr oubleshoot examcom . Full act ical t h atf org et eady f or , challenges onFDDI t he j,ob, BRI , PRI , Hig hSpeed Ser ial I nt er face ( HSSI ) , or ser ial int erf aces on a par t icular box . How ever CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal- , it is nor m oreion h elp t o and clearWAN t he coun t ers and look at j ust a par t icular int er face t o hone in on t he w orm ldally ap plicat of ful LAN t op ics. pr oblem . The cle ar coun t er s com m and r eset s t h e cou nt er s, en abling you t o look at t he int er face CCNP fr om aPrcer actt ain ical tSt imud e ies: for wTr aroublesh d; how ev oot erin, git pdroes ovides not yr ou esetw it t hing h p ract s such ical as inf or Simp matleion Net on w or allk t Man h e agem en imot Pr por ocol t ant( SNMP) con ceppar t s cen am tet ral er ts.o Ex t h eam t r ple oubleshoot 2- 4 illust ing r atpor es t ion heseofint t he er face CCNP com cerman t ificat ds. ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 2 - 4 . show i nt e r f aces a n d cl ea r cou nt er s

r2>show interfaces •

Table of Content s

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Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Hardware is Lance, address is 0000.0c38.a05d (bia 0000.0c38.a05d)

By Donna L. Har rington

Description: r2 e0 to HostC Win98Dell Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Internet address Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 is 192.168.3.1/24 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

MTUPages: 150084bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 0 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Hand s- oninput pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing output exam whang it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Last 00:04:22, output 00:00:03, never t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Wit h t his b ook, you can: Queueing strategy: fifo Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; w it hout t h e act ual equip ment input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute rate and 0 bits/sec, packets/sec Est ablishinput a baseline docu ment y0our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 5 minute rate 0 tbits/sec, packets/sec I dent if y output t r oublesh oot ing ar get s using0 pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 15 packets input, 3026 bytes, 0 no buffer Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat Received aly st ( r ) OS 10 and broadcasts, Cisco I OS(0r ) runts, Sof t w ar e0 com giants, m and inp 0 throttles ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob - isolat0ion m et hods 0t oignored, r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 lem frame, overrun, 0 abort "0 Snif f" t he packets w ir e t o spwith ot n etdribble w or k issucondition es input detected Analy local and r em ot e55751 accessbytes, pr oblem0s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 554 ze packets output, underruns cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr0essing , encapsulat ion, and morresets e 0 output errors, collisions, 2 interface App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred env iron ment s 0 lost carrier, 0 no Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP andcarrier CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 0 output buffer failures, 0 ex output Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical er cisesbuffers t h at g et swapped y ou r eadyout f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSerial0 is up, line up w or ld ap plicat ion of LANprotocol and WAN tis op ics. ... CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2#clear counters Clear "show interface" counters on all interfaces [confirm] r2# 01:22:56: %CLEAR-5-COUNTERS: Clear counter on all interfaces by console •

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r2#show interfaces ethernet 0 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up By Donna L. Har rington

Hardware is Lance, address is 0000.0c38.a05d (bia 0000.0c38.a05d) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Description: Pub Dat e: April 0 4, r2 20 03e0 to HostC Win98Dell I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Internet address is 192.168.3.1/24 Pages: 84 0

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Hand pr actARPA, ice for ARP t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ARPs- on type: Timeout 04:00:00ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Last input 00:00:43, output 00:00:04, output hang never Wit h t his b ook, you can: Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:00:19 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Queueing strategy: fifo w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Output queue 0/40, 0and drops; input queue 0/75, dropsn et w or k Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our ph ysical and0logical 5 minute rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec I dent if y input t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 0 packets input, 0 bytes, no Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) 0Sof t w buffer ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct0 or -broadcasts, d ev elop ed p rob - isolat0ion m et hods o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Received 0 lem runts, giants, 0 tthrottles "0 Snif f" t he errors, w ir e t o sp0otCRC, n et w or issu es 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort input 0 kframe, Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 0 input packets with dribble condition detected cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iatoutput, ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 2 packets 120 bytes, 0 underruns App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets env iron ment s 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2> CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Ex am ple 2- 4 d isp lays cle ar coun t er s an d has m e conf ir m t hat I w ant t o clear t he coun t er s on all int er faces. Fr om a t r oubleshoot ing per sp ect iv e, it is ad van t ageous t o clear only t he af fect ed int er fac count er s. Also not e t he descript ion sect ion in Ex am ple 2- 4. Th e de scr ipt ion com m and is an opt iona int er face com man d t hat is ex t r emely helpf ul f or t r oub leshoot ing . A g ood ex am ple w ould be t o t y pe de scr ipt ion fa 2 / 0 t o h ea dqu ar t er s fa 1 / 2 r oom 1 0 1 . Th e descr ipt ion is like n am in g t he por t ; it •all par t of good Table of Content s ion t ech niqu es t hat su ccessf ul t r oub leshoot er s need. docum ent at •

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Ex amPple shudi ows he show CCNP ra cti2cal5 St es: tTr ouble shooti p ingi nt e rf ace br ie f com m and out p ut . I t is not ju st an I P comm an d; it also w or ks for ot h er Lay er 3 p rot ocols. I t gives y ou a g lim pse of t h e st at us of y our in t er f aces an d By Donna L. Har rington add resses. Alt hou gh t his com m and m ay su it y our r equ ir em en t s w hen you don 't need t o see all t hat ot her st u ff, be aw ar e t hat t h is out pu t d oesn' t ev en show you subn et m ask det ails, wh ich y ou oft en Pubt lish er: Cisco need o see in t rPress oub leshoot in g scenar ios. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Exa mPages: pl e 8420- 5 . sh ow ip in t e r fa ce br i ef

r2>show ip interface brief Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Interface OK? Status Protocol t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ernIP-Address et w or k Tr oub leshoot in gMethod ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ethernet0

192.168.3.1

YES manual up

up

Serial0 192.168.2.2 YES manual up up Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Serial1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down r2> Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided " Adm Cat inistaly r atstively dow n " alw ay sI OS( indicat est twhat ou nm eed p erutf orm he ,no ut com ( r ) OS and Cisco r ) Sof ar eycom andt oinp , ou t tput andshloggin g m and on t he int er face; in Ex am ple 2- 5 I am r eally n ot u sing s1, how ev er , so it is n ot a w or ry h er e. I n general, t h St at u Use s colu eselop t h e ed Layper st at- isolat us, and ocol t heetLay inmn st r uind ct oricat - d ev rob1lem iont he m etProt hods t o colum r esolvne indicat Tr oubleesTick s er 2 st at u s. Tw o ot h er f"intt he erf ace andn setar e show i nt e rf aces et h er ne t 0 an d show i p i nt e rf ace e t he rn et 0 " Snif w ir ecomm t o sp ot w or k issu es Alt hou gh t hese look sim ilar, t hey dif fer signif icant ly . ( See Ex am ple 2- 6. ) Th e show i p i nt e rf ace e t he rne t 0 ze com m and he I P set ing s and ault s, her show i nt e rfissues aces w etithher ne t 0 ( Analy local anddisplay r em otse taccess pr toblem s in def Et hern et w net w eas or ks, in clud ing any otcabling, her t y pespofeed int and er faces for t hat mat t er ) sh ow s st at ist ics f or pack et s t hat go t o, t hr oug h, k, or are du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin generaut at ed b y t he r ou t er . Wh en checkin g t o det er mine w het her an access list has b een applied on t h o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e int er face, t y pe show i p i nt e rf ace e t he rn et 0 . I f , on t he ot h er hand , you ar e look ing for in t er f ace App ly a ilay t rouet blesh ootting odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g err or s, show nt eerrfed aces h er ne 0 ofmet fer shm or e help. env iron ment s Desig ned CCNPi pand r) pr of ind isp enrsab g uide bi nt uilds Exa m pl for e 2aspir - 6 . ing show i ntCCI erE( f ace etessionals, he r ne t t0hisCom pa edlet olabshow e r on f aces Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP e t he r n et 0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2>show ipical interface CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tre0 oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 192.168.3.1/24 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 Address determined by setup command • •

Table of Content s

MTU is 1500 bytes I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Helper address is not set

By Donna L. Har rington

Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Outgoing access Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03list is not set I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Inbound

access list is not set

Pages: 84 0

Proxy ARP is enabled Security level is default Hand s- on horizon pr act ice for he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Split is tenabled t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ICMP redirects are always sent Wit h t his b ook, you can: ICMP unreachables are always sent Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ICMP mask replies are never sent w it hout t h e act ual equip ment IP Est fast switching enabled ablish a baselineisand docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k IP I fast oning the interface dent if yswitching t r oublesh oot t arsame get s using pin g, t ris ace,disabled sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies IP Fast switching turbo vector Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided IP Cat multicast fast enabled aly st ( r ) OS and switching Cisco I OS( r is ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g in st r u ct ordistributed - d ev elop ed p rob lemswitching - isolat ion mis et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s IP Use multicast fast disabled " Snif f"Discovery t he w ir e t ois sp ot n et w or k issu es Router disabled ze local and accounting r em ot e access oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h IP Analy output packet isprdisabled cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, o negot iat ion, addraccounting essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e IP aut access violation is disabled App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g TCP/IP header compression is disabled env iron ment s RTP/IP header compression is disabled Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Probe proxy name replies are disabled Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealPolicy routing is disabled w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Network address translation CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh ootis in gdisabled p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Web Cache Redirect is disabled BGP Policy Mapping is disabled

r2>show interfaces e0 •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Hardware is Lance, address is 0000.0c38.a05d (bia 0000.0c38.a05d)

By Donna L. Har rington

Description: r2 e0 to HostC Win98Dell Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Internet address Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 is 192.168.3.1/24 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Pages: 84 0

Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Hand s- oninput pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing output exam whang it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Last 00:00:45, output 00:00:04, never t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:22:51 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Queueing strategy: fifo Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 5 minute rate and 0 bits/sec, packets/sec Est ablishinput a baseline docu ment y0our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 5 minute rate 0 tbits/sec, packets/sec I dent if y output t r oublesh oot ing ar get s using0 pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 3 packets input, 750 bytes, 0 no buffer Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Received 3 broadcasts, 0 r runts, throttles Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( ) Sof t w ar0e giants, com m and0inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob - isolat0ion m et hods 0t oignored, r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 lem frame, overrun, 0 abort "0 Snif f" t he packets w ir e t o spwith ot n etdribble w or k issucondition es input detected Analy ze local and r em ot e15281 accessbytes, pr oblem0s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 160 packets output, underruns cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr0essing , encapsulat ion, and morresets e 0 output errors, collisions, 0 interface App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred env iron ment s 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2> w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Look for ligh t s ( LEDs) t o help t rou bleshoot Lay er 1 pr oblem s, and ch eck t h ings such as encapsulat ion, in put and out p ut dr ops an d er r ors, car r ier t r an sit ions, an d in t er f ace reset s t o assist w it h Lay er 1 an d Lay er 2 issues. I OS int er face and cont r oller com m and s pr ov e quit e help fu l in t his r espect . You w ill exam ine m or e specif ics in t h e chapt er s t o com e. For now , t ur n you r at t ent ion t o Cisco Discover y Pr ot ocol ( CDP) . The show cdp ne ig hbor s [ de t a il ] com m and show s only d irect ly connect ed Cisco d ev ices b ecause i rop riet ar y pr ot •is a Lay er 2 pTable of Content s ocol. How ever , y ou can t elnet t o ot her dev ices an d u se show cdp ? dr aw a ph ysical m ap of you r Cisco dev ices. As m any of t h e ot her I OS com m and s, cdp •fr om t here t oI ndex even Pwraork s f rStom user m ode t o giv CCNP cti cal udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing e you inf or mat ion f or por t s, hold t ime, d ev ice and capabilit ies codes, and so on. I n ad dit ion, y ou can u se cle ar cdp r at h er t han w ait t h e t hr ee m in ut es f or it t o By Donna L. Har rington com plet ely disapp ear , if n ecessar y. CDP send s and r eceives n eig hbor ad ver t ise- m ent s ov er m ult icas add ress 01 - 00- 0 c- cc- cc- cc. I t uses a pr opr iet ar y High- Lev el Dat a Link Cont r ol ( HD LC) t y pe v alue, s er: Cisco Press t hat su ppor t s t he Sub net w ork Access Prot ocol ( SNAP) for m at . it mPub u stlishr un on media Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Ex am ple 2- 17 58 illust r at I SBN: 720 -0 57es -0 show cdp ne ig hbor s w it h and w it hou t t h e opt ion al de t a il k ey wor d. Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 2 - 7 . sh ow cdp ne igh bor s [ de t ai l]

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r2>show cdp on neighbors t icket s b ased Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge Wit h t his b ook, you can: S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout equip ment Device ID t h e act ual Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID r1

Est ablish a baselineSer and0docu ment y our n et w2516 or k 178ph ysical and logical R

Ser 0

I dentcdp if y t neighbors r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r2>show detail t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Device ID: r1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Entry address(es): Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s IP address: 192.168.2.1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Platform: cisco 2516, Capabilities: Router Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Interface: Port (outgoing Serial0 cabling, Serial0, sp eed and du plex ID , u t ilizat ion and port): collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Holdtime : 168 sec App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Version env iron : ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full (C2500-IS-L), of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g12.0(5), et y ou r eady f or challenges on (fc1) t he j ob, IOS (tm) 2500 Software Version RELEASE SOFTWARE CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im cep ral ett oert hine tthe r oubleshoot por tpion of t he t ificat ion,1includ g This Notpor icet ant t he con h oldt imt se cen par tam pr ecedinging exam le and howCCNP it ch cer anged fr om 78 t o in 1 68.

is how long you r emem ber CD P par am et er s f r om y our n eigh bor . Use show cdp as in Ex am ple 2- 8 t check t he d ef ault s of 18 0 seconds for t h e holdt im e, w hich is 3 t im es t h e adv er - t ising int er val of 60 second s. I nt erest ingly enou gh, if y ou t ur n off CDP on y our r out er in t er f ace, it st ill lear ns ab out ot he neighb or s in it s CDP t able, but doesn' t f orw ar d it s ow n infor m at ion.

Exa m pl e 2 - 8 . show cd p D ef a ul ts •

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r2>show cdp

By Donna L. Har rington

Global CDP information: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Sending CDP

packets every 60 seconds

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

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a holdtime value of 180 seconds

r2>

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Rev iew show cdp ne ig hbor s an d show cdp ne ig hbor s de t ai l ou t pu t un t il y ou are v er y com for h t h em bet t er y et un t il you can dr aw a com p let e m ap of y our env iron m en t . Look b ac Witthabt le hiswbitook, you, or can: at Ex am ple 2- 7 on ce mor e. show cdp ne ig hbor s sh ows t he local int er face and t h e r em ot e p ort I D. show cdp ne ig hbor s de t ai l sh ows t he local int er face as p ort I D and t he r emot e int erf ace as out g oing Set upor p an t . d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her NO TE t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies I n t rou blesh oot ing CDP, look for lines such as no cd p r un ( global) or no cd p e na bl e ose and r oublesh u al Also, pr oblem by f ollow ingdoes along h aut or-IpPr ovided (Diagn int er face) in y tour conf igoot ur atact ions. I P us nnum b er ed notw it pass yh our in for m at ion aly r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g tCat hr ou ghst (CDP. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s f" t he w ir e t o sp otenphy et w sical or k issu Alt hou" Snif gh man y pr oblem s ar in nes at ur e, if t he low er layer s check out you m ust m ov e up t o pr ot ocol conn ect ions as t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s. Som e ex am ples include r ou t ing pr ocesses, sw it chin Analy ze r em ot erou access pr oblem in Etsohern pr ocesses, roulocal t ing and pr ot ocols, t ed p rot ocols, sand on .et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, autt ainly o negot ion, and You cer caniatstion, art addr w it h essing show , i encapsulat p r out e , assum ing mor you ear e u sing I P as a r out ed pr ot ocol, t o see w het her y ou hav e a r out e t o y our dest in at ion n et w or k . How ever , do not und er est im at e t he pow er o ly ocols a lay eran edd tshow rou blesh ing met h( odology t ople r eallife. rou t ing and swit chin g showApp pr ot i p oot p rot ocols see Ex am 2- 9) env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Exa mr)plI nt e er2net - 9w . ork show ot ocols a nT)dt op show i pp pr Cisco( Trou pr bleshoot in g ( CI ics t hat r epot areocols y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2>show protocols CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Global values: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Internet Protocol routing is enabled Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 192.168.3.1/24 Serial0 is up, line protocol is up • •

Table of Content s ndex Internet I address is 192.168.2.2/24

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Serial1 administratively down, line protocol is down By Donna L. is Har rington r2>show ip protocols Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 0 r2>show ip84route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble OSPF NSSA external 1, N2in-g OSPF t icket s b N1 ased- on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Trtype oub leshoot ( CI T) NSSA t opics.external type 2 Wit h t hisE1 b ook, - OSPF you can: external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment U - per-user static route, o - ODR Est ablish a baseline Gateway of last resortand isdocu notment set y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k C C r2>

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 192.168.3.0/24 is directly Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u alconnected, pr oblem s by Ethernet0 f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

local and illu r em access s in Et hern et bnet w or ks, issueslewfor it h som eone Ex amAnaly ple 2-ze 9 cer t ainly st ot ratees t h at I pr P oblem rou t ing is enabled y defau lt , in buclud t it ing is possib cabling, eed and du rplex , u t ilizat b andw CSMA/com CD,mon e- wipayr out lin k,in g. T t o issue no ip sp rou t ing . To e- enab le t heion I Pand r ou tcollisions, in g pr ocess, use idt t heh,global and aut o negot iat ion, essing ion, enable I PX rou t ing, y ouaddr m ust issue, encapsulat ip x rou t ing . and mor e Appylyoua hav lay er t rou ootnow ing met odology t o r2ealt ing iand swit chin gan d show i p Perh aps e ed fig ur ed blesh out by t h athin Ex am ple 9 blife ot hrou show p p rot ocols iron ment rou t eenv in dicat e t hats no rou t ing pr ot ocols ar e t ur ned on. aspir CCNP of essionals, ispcan en sab le lab g uide uildse on IDesig f youned ar e for f ollow inging along w itand h mCCI e inE(y r) ourprown p ract icalt his lab,ind y ou t ake a look at bFigur 2- 1 f or a Cisco( ork tTrou g ( CIup T)on t opt hics t hat p rt ep arebook y ou. for t he gh CCNP pict ur er)ofI nt mer y net t estw lab hat Ibleshoot p lan t o inbuild r oughou t his Alt hou I am u sin g a 251 6 Tr oubleshoot . Full of tpr actchical cises t h at y ouuse r eady challenges onatt he j ob,one and 25 01 for ing t he exam ex amp les in his aptex er,eryou can cergtet ainly an yf or r out er t hat has least CCNP icalone St ud Tr oublesh in ga glook ives at y ou an edg e tov comofpet it ion ough r ealEt h er nPr etact and series: ial int erf ace. oot Take Cisco.com o er gett he a list r out er st hr t hat m eet t hese w orer ldia. ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. crit CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 2 - 1 . Cha pte r 2 Sce na r io

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Next I conf ig ur e RI P on r 1 and r 2 t o allow r 1 t o r each t h e far sid e of r2 an d v ice ver sa. Ex am ple 2- 1 show h e pr con figu , and Ex am ple 2- 11 shing ows t he tw est Hand ss-ton act icerat forion t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam it hing. TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h m t his Exa plbeook, 2 - 1you 0 . can: Addin g a Rout in g Pr ot ocol t o r 1 a nd r 2 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config)#router rip Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1(config-router)#network t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d 192.168.2.0 u t ilit ies r1(config-router)#end Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2(config)#router rip Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r2(config-router)#end aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2#

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot Exa m pl e 2ing - 1 exam 1 . Test . Fulli ng of pr t hacte ical Rou ex teri ng cisesPr t hot at ocol g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r2#show protocols im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Global values: Internet Protocol routing is enabled Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 192.168.3.1/24 •

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Serial0 is up, line protocol is up CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Internet address is 192.168.2.2/24

By Donna L. Har rington

Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r2#show ipApril protocols Pub Dat e: 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Routing Protocol is "rip" Pages: 84 0

Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 20 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Hand s- on pr act ice for filter t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam w it his TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Outgoing update list for all ing interfaces t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is Wit h t his b ook, you can: Redistributing: rip Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Default version control: send version 1, receive any version w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Interface Recv Est ablish a baseline Send and docu ment yKey-chain our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Ethernet0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot1ing t ar1get2s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Serial0 1 1 2 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Routing for Networks: Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 192.168.2.0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 192.168.3.0 Analy zeInformation local and r emSources: ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Routing cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat and mor e Gateway Distance Last ion, Update App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 192.168.2.1 120 00:00:25 env iron ment s Distance: (default is 120) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2#show ip route w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Codes: C -ical connected, S - static, - IGRP, - inf mobile, B on - BGP CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g pIr ovides y ouR w-it hRIP, p ractMical or mat ion all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default •

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Gateway of last resort is not set By Donna L. Har rington

R

192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:11, Serial0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

C

Pub192.168.2.0/24 Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

is directly connected, Serial0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

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192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

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r2#exit r2>ping 192.168.1.1 Hand on pr actsequence ice for t heto CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Type s-escape abort. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Wit h t his b ook, you can: !!!!! Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/30/32 ms w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her showt rpr otleshoot ocols in dicat es an t hat P r out in g pr ocess ( r out ed pr ot ocol) is enabled as w ell as t he oub ing t ools d ut he t ilitIies int er face add ress and st at us. show i p p rot ocols id en t ifies ex act ly w hich rou t ing pr ot ocols are r unn ing Diagn andose w hat andnet t r oublesh w ork s aroot e adv act er u al t ised. pr oblem The sr out by ing f ollow t abing le now along cont w itain h aut s t he h ormpissin r ovided g Net w or k 1, and t hCat e user aly st ping ( r ) OS outand p ut Cisco in Ex am I OS( ple r ) 2Sof 11t wcon ar efircom ms m t hat andr2inp can ut ,now ou t put r each , and t h eloggin far sid g e of r1 . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

NO TE

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and ion itand collisions, idt h,t he CSMA/ e- w When chang es ar e mdu adplex e w,ituht ilizat r out es, is oft en helpfublandw t o issue cle arCD, i p on rout e ay lin k, aut oman negot ion, addr e or k t o conv er ge. I n a lab com d t iat o clear a paressing t icular, encapsulat r out e and ion, for ceand t he mor n et w env iron ment , I t end t o not w or r y abou t specifics and ju st t y pe cle ar i p rout e * , b ut t his is App lyit ely a lay blesh oot ingcareer met h-odology o ov r ealrou t ing chinwgorld. Best defin onere ed of tt rou hose possible lim it ing tm es life ( CLMs) in t hand e prswit act ical env iron ment s pr act ice is t o r eplace t he * w it h a sp ecific n et wor k ad dr ess t o clear an individu al r ou t e. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing Full cises t h at g etony ou r eady f orm challenges on ess t he Resolut j ob, Recall fr om Ch aptexam er 1 .an d frof ompryact ourical owex n er net w or ks t hat br oadcast ed ia, an Addr ion CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r Pr ot ocol ( ARP) pack et is br oadcast ( local b road cast ) t o r esolv e t h e dest in at ion I P addr ess (ealLay er 3) w ap plicat ion ofg LAN op ics.2 ) . I f t he d est inat ion host is on t he sam e subnet , t he MAC t ooritld s cor r esp ondin MAC and ad drWAN ess ( tLayer is t he dest in at ion h ost 's ad dr ess. I f t he d est inat ion host is on a dif fer en t sub net , t he result ing CCNP actisical St ud ies:t he Tr oublesh g ay p r ovides y out er w itint h er p ract ical inf or mat ion on t hput e in r esolutPr ion gener ally d ef ault oot gatin ew ( local rou face) MAC add ress. Theallout im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Ex am ple 2- 12 sh ows t he MAC add r ess of int er face Et hern et 0 on my r2 r out er , w hich I ver ified wit h show i p i nt e rf ace e t he rn et 0 . Th e ot her add r ess in t he ARP t ab le is t he host MAC addr ess for 19 2. 168 . 3. 5, b ecause it is on t he local Et h er net segm ent of t he r 2 r out er . Ther e is no diff er ence bet w een show a rp an d show i p a rp in t h e ex am ple b ecause I P is t he only r out ed pr ot ocol cur r en t l r unn ing.

Exa m pl e 2Table - 1 2of. Content shows a r p a n d show i p a r p • •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r2>ping 192.168.3.5 Pub escape lish er: Cisco Press Type sequence to abort. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 720 -0 57 -0 ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.5, timeout is 2 seconds: Sending 5,1- 58 100-byte Pages: 84 0

.!!!! Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms r2>ping 192.168.3.5 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Type escape sequence to abort. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.5, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2>show arp I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u Age t ilit ies Protocol Address (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr-oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Internet 192.168.3.1 0000.0c38.a05d ARPA Ethernet0 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Internet 192.168.3.5 0 0050.04df.5f3c ARPA Ethernet0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2>show ip arp " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Protocol Age (min) Type Interface Analy zeAddress local and r em ot e access pr oblemHardware s in Et hernAddr et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Internet 192.168.3.1 0000.0c38.a05d ARPA Ethernet0 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Internet 0050.04df.5f3c App ly a192.168.3.5 lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met0h odology t o r eal- life rouARPA t ing andEthernet0 swit chin g env iron ment s r2>show interfaces e0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Ethernet0 isnetup, Cisco( r) I nt er w orkline Trouprotocol bleshoot in gis( CIup T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Hardware isStLance, isin 0000.0c38.a05d 0000.0c38.a05d) CCNP Pr act ical ud ies: Traddress oublesh oot g g ives y ou an edg(bia e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Description: r2 e0 to HostC Win98Dell CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im Internet por t ant conaddress cep t s cenis t ral192.168.3.1/24 t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 r2>show arp •

Table of Content s

•Protocol

I ndex Address

Age (min)

Hardware Addr

Type

Interface

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har192.168.3.1 Internet rington

-

0000.0c38.a05d

ARPA

Ethernet0

Internet 192.168.3.5 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

13

0050.04df.5f3c

ARPA

Ethernet0

Hardware Addr

Type

Interface

0000.0c38.a05d

ARPA

Ethernet0

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r2>show arp

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 Protocol Address

Internet

Age (min)

192.168.3.1

-

Internet 192.168.3.5 14 0050.04df.5f3c ARPA Ethernet0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

NO TE w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

The r ou t er keeps an ARP en t r y for f our h our s by default , wh er eas a PC r et ains t h is Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k inf orm at ion for only a cou ple of m in ut es. Microsof t Wind ow s defau lt ARP cach e t im eou t is tIwdent o mifinu y ttres. oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Refer Cat t o aly t hestAge ( m in) t he reced ing ex am ple t inp o wut at,ch e nu mb erloggin s in crgease. ARP is ( r ) OS andcolum Ciscon Iin OS( r ) pSof t w ar e com m and outthput , and dy nam ic in nat u re; if t h e w r ong infor m at ion w as lear ned or y ou mov e a device, how ever , y ou may som etUse im es need o -clear t heed ARP cache it h t ion h e cle arhods a rp t- ocache and w henet you ar e in st r u ct tor d ev elop p rob lem - w isolat m et r esolvcom e Trm ouble Tick s t r oub leshoot ing . Fir st , y ou should shut / no sh ut t he par t icular int er face t o see if t h at clears t he issu at hand . f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es " Snif Ot h erAnaly help fu show and comrm ands clud e pr show sh et ownet run nin conf , show zel local em ot e in access oblemv serinsion, Et hern w or ks,g-in cludig ing issuesstwar it ht upconficabling, g, show sp fleed ash,and v ar du ious m emor y com m ands, an d show t e chsup port . Ex am ples 2hr ough plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay1 3lint k, 2- 2 2 aut illust r at e an d ex plain t hese com m ands. o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s DesigNO nedTE for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Ex am pleing 2- 13 d isp t heprout ut of sion. w henf or y ouchallenges ar e at y our it s' jend Tr oubleshoot exam . lays Full of actpical ex show er cisesvter h at g et Even y ou r eady onwt he ob, , b etical t er St pay at t ent t o it .oot Too y t imes, h avee ov ex hau st ed m ypet bot t omt-hr u pough r ealCCNPy ou Pr act ud ies: Tr ion oublesh in gmgan ives y ou anI edg er t he com it ion oub leshoot sk illsand an dWAN st ill tbop een w or ldt rap plicat ion ing of LAN ics.st um ped b y t his on e. I n ot h er w ord s, I w ork ed my way up f rom t he Ph ysical Lay er t o t he App licat ion Lay er , and t he r eal pr oblem w as t h e I OS CCNPv er Prsion act ical ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e I wSt asudusing. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 2 - 1 3 . show v er sion

r2>shver •

Table of Content s

• I ndex Translating "shver"...domain server (255.255.255.255) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

% Unknown or computer name, or unable to find computer address By Donna L. Harcommand rington r2>show version

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 2500 84 0 IOS (tm) Software (C2500-IS-L), Version 12.0(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

Copyright

1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Tue 15-Jun-99 19:57 by phanguye Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Image 0x0303D744, t icket s btext-base: ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or kdata-base: Tr oub leshoot0x00001000 in g ( CI T) t opics. ROM: Version 11.0(10c)XB1, PLATFORM SPECIFIC RELEASE SOFTWARE Wit h t System his b ook,Bootstrap, you can: (fc1) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout 3000 t h e actBootstrap ual equip ment BOOTFLASH: Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c)XB1, Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our ph (fc1) ysical and logical n et w or k PLATFORM SPECIFICand RELEASE SOFTWARE I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r2 uptime is 6 hours, 15 minutes t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies System restarted by power-on Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g System image file is "flash:c2500-is-l.120-5.bin" Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision D) with 16384K/2048K bytes of memory. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Processor board ID 01507529, with hardware revision 00000000 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Bridging software. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 802.3 interface(s) 1 Ethernet/IEEE Desig ned for aspir inginterface(s) CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 2 Serial network Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ingnon-volatile exam . Full of prconfiguration act ical ex er cisesmemory. t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 32K bytes of CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld apbytes plicat ion LAN and WAN t op ics. 16384K ofofprocessor board System flash (Read ONLY) CCNP Pr act ical Stregister ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Configuration is 0x2102 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

>r2

Not ice in Ex am ple 2- 13 h ow t h e r out er is at t em pt ing t o resolve t he host nam e t o an I P addr ess. I could hav e ju st t y ped no ip dom a in- look up so t hat t he r out er d idn' t k eep look ing for a Dom ain ( D NS) ser v er, •Nam e Sy st em Table of Content s but I did n't . The shor t cut sh v e r w ou ld h ave w or k ed j ust f ine h ad I insert ed t he sp ace. I h ave sh aded som e of t h e out pu t of in t er est , such as har dw ar e and soft w ar e • I ndex conf ig f iles, boot im ages, and ver sion , bu t y ou can alw ay s r esearch t he det ails at Cisco.com . You w i CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing do t hat in lat er sect ion s of t his chap t er. show v er sion sh ows 163 84K/ 2 048 K, w hich is t h e am ount By Donna L. Har rington RAM/ sh ared pack et m em or y on t he r out er . Th e comm and also h elps you ident if y any k now n bu gs w it h a par t icular I OS ver sion or r elease. For exam ple, t h e cur rent I OS v er sion on r 1 an d r 2 is lish Press 12 .0Pub ( 5) , er: whCisco ich is r ead Ver sion 12 . 0 Release 5. How ever , 1 2. 0 code did not reach Gen er al Deploy m en ( GD ) u20nt Pub Dat e: tApril 0 4, 03il 1 2. 0( 8) . I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE The r ou t er t akes alm ost a m in ut e t o at t em pt DNS look ups f or ever y u nk now n phr ase t h at Handm s-ay on be pr act foratt he inge,exam it h TCP/ P,d LAN, dW ouble ion a tice elnet t emCCNP pt . OnTraoubleshoot pr act ical not also w k eep in mIin t hat an DNS n AN amet r resolut t icketiss vb ia ased on Cisco I nam t ernPr etot w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) et t opics. a User Dat agr ocol ( UDP) br oadcast p ack . Wit h t his b ook, you can: From a sup por t st and point , it is v er y h elp ful t o u nder st an d not only t he com m and st ru ct ur e of t he u p an d f ollow along it hd realw or ldw lab each ex am tin opaic,t est w it h or but I OS bSet ut also how t he v er sionswan r eleases or k.scenar You mios ay aligned u se n ewt oI OS r eleases bed, w it hout t h e act ual equip ment GD is m or e com m on in a pr odu ct ion env iron m en t . Table 2 - 2 d escr ibes t he r elease designat ion s. Also, Cisco m akes u se of Technolog y release t rain let t ers su ch as E f or Ent er pr ise feat ur e set , S for Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Serv ice Pr ovider , and T for Consolid at ed Technolog y follow ed b y anot her sequent ial ch ar act er such as A or B at t he en d of it s f ilen ames. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Tab le 2 -2 . The I O S Lif e Cycle

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Re le a se D e si gna t ion

D e scri pt i on

FCS

First Com mer cial Shipm ent . I n it ial release t hat deliv ers new fu nct ionalit y t o t he m ar ket .

CCO FCS Dat e

Com m ercially available t o cust om er s f or elect r onic d own load f r om Cisco.com .

e Com m ercially available t o cust om er s f r om Cisco m anuf act ur ing ( nor m ally a w eek • MFG FCS Dat Table of Content s I ndex aft er CCO FCS) .

•

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Pr oduct

I D n um ber of pr od uct bu llet in descr ibing t h e new f eat u r es.

By Donnain# L. Har rington Bullet

Maj or Release

Deliver s sig nificant plat f orm and feat ur e sup por t t o m ar ket . No new f eat u res ar e add ed t o a Maj or Release af t er t he in it ial FCS t o pr ot ect st abilit y .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

GD

I SBN: 1- 58 720Reaches -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

t he Gen er al D ep loym ent milest one w hen Cisco annou nces t hat it is suit able f or deploy m en t an yw her e in cu st omer n et w or k s w her e feat ur es and fu nct ionalit y of t he release ar e r equir ed. Th e GD m ilest one is r each ed af t er Cisco considers cr it eria su ch as cu st om er f eedb ack , b ug repor t s, an d r epor t ed field exp er ience. Only Maj or Releases ar e GD candid at es.

LD Lim it ed D ep loym ent is t he life cy cle phase b et w een t h e init ial FCS and t he GD Hand s- on pr act icemfor ilest t he ones. CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. GD Release Maint enan ce release at w hich t he Maj or Release becam e GD . Wit t his b ook, you EDhRelease Earcan: ly Deploy m en t Releases of fer n ew feat ur e, plat f orm , or int erf ace suppor t . En d of Sales Can 't ord er aft er t h is dat e, bu t st ill av ailable on Cisco.com . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or En d w ofit hout t h e act Alt hou no ment m or e scheduled main t en ance r eleases f or t h e Major Release, it is st ill ual gh equip En gineer ing av ailab le on Cisco.com . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k En d of Life Soft war e is n o long er off icially suppor t ed. Remov ed fr om Cisco.com . App rox iming at ely y ears follow he FCS of ,t he Maj or Release. I dent if y t r oublesh oot t ar3get s using pinin g,gt rt ace, sh ow clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub ing 'tt ools an, dbut u t ilit iesb e m ade av ailab le on Cisco.com u nder cer t ain cond it ion s. Ob solet e leshootCan ord er can Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ex am ple 2- 14 sh ows t he ou t put of show r unni ng- confi g. Comp are t his t o Ex am ple 2- 15, w hich cover Use s show in stst r uactrtorup - d-ev confi elopg. ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Exa m pl e 2 - 1 4 . show r u nn in g- conf ig ( w r it e t er m i na l) Com m a nd O ut put Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

r2>show run App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s ^ Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on % Invalid input detected at '^' Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g marker. ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r2>en CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2#show run CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r2#show im por t antrunning-config con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Building configuration... Current configuration: version 12.0 service timestamps debug uptime •

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•service timestamps I ndex log uptime CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

no service password-encryption By Donna L. Har rington hostname r2 Pub lish er: Cisco

Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

ip subnet-zero

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 0 ip host r184192.168.2.1

ip host hostA 192.168.1.11 ip host hostB 192.168.1.12 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ip host hostC t icket s b ased on 192.168.3.5 Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit hhost ip t his br2 ook, 192.168.2.2 you can: process-max-time 200 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it houtEthernet0 t h e act ual equip ment interface Est ablish ar2 baseline docuWin98Dell ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k description e0 to and hostC I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies no ip directed-broadcast Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g interface Serial0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s description r2 s0 DCE to r1 s0 DTE " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es bandwidth 64 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ip address cabling, sp 192.168.2.2 eed and du plex 255.255.255.0 , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e no ip directed-broadcast App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g envmroute-cache iron ment s no ip Desig ned for 64000 aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on clockrate Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshootSerial1 ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, interface CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealwno or ldip apaddress plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e no ip directed-broadcast im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

shutdown router rip network 192.168.2.0 network 192.168.3.0 •

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ip classless • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

line con 0

By Donna L. Har rington

transport input none Pub lish er: Cisco Press

line Pubaux Dat e: 0April 0 4,

20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

line Pages: vty 0844 0 password donna login Hand end s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2# Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

NO TE I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Not t r oub e tleshoot h at show ing rt ools un isan not d uav t ilit ailable ies in user m ode. I t y ped show r un f r om enable m ode and pr essed Tab t o com plet e t he com m and so t h at y ou cou ld v iew t he f ull com m and. I do ose t r oublesh al pr oblem s by Comm f ollow and ing along w ition h aut r ovidedy and tDiagn he sam e fand or show st a rtoot in act t h eu next exam ple. com plet is h n orot npecessar Catm aly st ( rI )do OSnot andbot Cisco OS(ay r )s Sof art ent e com inp , ou t put ,mand loggin nor ally her . IAlw p ayt wat ionmt oand com m ut and s and odes, how gever , because Cisco CCNP t est s in g en er al cov er t hem . The com m ands in t h is book f ollow t he Use inand st r uCisco ct or - dPr evess elopcon ed vent p robion lem isolat ion mt et hods r esolv Tr ouble et s get Cisco s -of sp elling h em ou ttoent ir elye so t hat y Tick ou can com for t able w it h t he f ull com m and. I n a pr act ical env ir onm ent , shor t cut s are j ust fine. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h eed and pr duact plex ilizat ionen and collisions, b andw idtion h, CSMA/ linek,ju st as I t is dcabling, ef init ely sp not good ice, tuhtat I hav 't sav ed my con figu rat f or a wCD, h ile.onI eww illay sav aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e soon as you t ak e a look at show st a rt up - confi g in Ex am ple 2- 15. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa m pl e 2 - 1 5 . show st a r t ( show con f ig) Com m a nd O ut put

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r2#show start CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2#show startup-config CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant cepof t s cen t ral tbytes o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g Using 764con out 32762

version 12.0 service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption •

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•hostname r2I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna ip subnet-zero L. Har rington

ip Pub host r1Cisco 192.168.2.1 lish er: Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

ip host hostA 192.168.1.11 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 ip host hostB 192.168.1.12

ip host hostC 192.168.3.5 ip host r2 192.168.2.2 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco process-max-time 200 I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: interface Ethernet0 description r2 e0 to hostC Win98Dell Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h192.168.3.1 e act ual equip255.255.255.0 ment ip address Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k no ip directed-broadcast I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her interface Serial0 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies description r2 s0 DCE to Diagn ose and t r oublesh ootr1 acts0 u alDTE pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g bandwidth 64 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es no ip directed-broadcast Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, no ip mroute-cache aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e clockrate 64000 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env ironSerial1 ment s interface Desig nedaddress for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on no ip Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Trno oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ip directed-broadcast CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealwshutdown or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ip classless im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

line con 0 transport input none line aux 0 line vty 0 4 •

Table of Content s • password donna I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

login

By Donna L. Har rington

end Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub r2#wr

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

Ex am ple 2- 15 sh ows t hat you ar e using 76 4 ou t of 3 276 2 b yt es of t he NVRAM. Many p eop le con fuse NVRAM and Flash, but t hey ar e q uit e dif fer en t . NVRAM is w rit ab le perm an en t st or age f or y our st ar t up config ur at ion, w her eas Flash pr ovid es perm anent st or age f or t he Cisco I OS soft w ar e Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble im age( s) , back up con figu rat ion s, or ot her f iles. I sav ed m y conf igur at ion on r2 w it h t he w ri t e t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. m em or y com m and because w r is easy t o t yp e ( sam e as copy ru n st a rt ) . I f I w er e t o com par e t h e rWit unn figu rat t o t he st ar t up conf igur at ion, now t h ey sh ould bot h kn ow abou t w h at I h ave h ing t hiscon b ook, youion can: conf ig ur ed . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

NO TE a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish Man y ifCisco t r oublesh aresstusing ill at t pin achg, edt rt ace, o t hesh old ds t hg, at an ar de ot left over f rom I dent y t r oublesh oot oot ing ers t ar get owcomm , clearan , debu her ItOS p rleshoot e- 1 0. 3ing codt e, su an ch dasu twilit riies t e; how ev er , Cisco says t he com man ds w ill event ually go r oub ools aw ay . w ri t e m em ory sav es t he r un ning conf ig ur at ion t o t h e st art u p con figu rat ion , w ri t e tDiagn e rm inose al is and lik et r oublesh show r unni oot act ngu al confi pr oblem g, ansd by show f ollow conf ingigalong is lik w e itshow h aut hstora rt p rup ovided - confi g. I n aCat p raly actst ical ( r )sense, OS andI hav Cisco e had I OS(t or ) use Sof tshow w ar e com confmigand w h inp en ut not , ou enoug t put ,h and mem loggin or y wgas available t o t yp e show r unni ng- confi g or show st a rt up - confi g. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Ex am ple 2- 16 d em on st r at es show f la sh on a 250 0 ser ies r out er . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Exa m pl e 2 - 1 6 . show f la sh on a 2 5 0 0 Se r ie s Rou t e r

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r2>show Desig ned flash for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP System flash Tr oubleshoot ingdirectory: exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealFile Length Name/status w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 1 Pr7567500 c2500-is-l.120-5.bin CCNP act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[7567564 bytes used, 9209652 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) r2>

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The sh aded lines ind icat e t hat t here is one f ile in Flash t h at t ak es up 7 MB ou t of t h e exist ing 16 MB CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing av ailab le. Th e last line show s t hat t he syst em Flash is r ead- only . Th e 250 0 ser ies r out er s r un t h e I O By Donna L. Har rington fr om Flash becau se t hey w er e d esigned at a t im e w hen Cisco w as t r ying t o save u ser s m oney . The im age f ile is r elocat able and is ind icat ed as such b y t he let t er l in t h e filenam e. To up gr ade t h e I OS im age Pub lish oner:t his Cisco r out Press er , I wou ld n eed t o g et int o r xb oot m ode b y chang in g t he conf ig r egist er t o 0x 21 01Dat ase: aApril consequ en ce of t h e Flash being r ead - only . How ev er , new er im ag es an d rou t er s Pub 0 4, 20 03 aut om at e t his you w it h Flash load help er . Comp ar e Ex am ple 2- 16 t o t h e Flash on a 36 00 ser ies I SBN: 1- 58for 720 -0 57 -0 r out erPages: in Ex84 am ple 217. 0

Exa m pl e 2 - 1 7 . show f la sh on a 3 6 0 0 Se r ie s Rou t e r Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 3620>show flash Wit h t his b ook, you can: System flash directory: File Set Length Name/status u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 1 3971288 c3620-d-mz.113-9.T Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k [3971352 bytes used, 12805864 available, 16777216 total] I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot t ools an d board u t ilit iesSystem flash (Read/Write) 16384K bytes ofing processor 3620>Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Not ice t he r ead/ w r it e st at us of Flash on t h e 362 0. Like h ar d d riv es, Flash can be par t it ioned. Ther efAnaly or e, ze youlocal m ayand need t ootcheck t he pr p art it ionss,ininEtwhern h ichetcase t he qu est ion ing m ark ( ?) will r em e access oblem net w or ks, in clud issues w it hh elp y ou t hr ou cabling, gh. Alw ay s check for ad dit ional Flash in slot 0: and slot 1 : on r out er s w it h Flash mem sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay or linyk,card s. For exam ple, t h e 650 9s m ay h ave ad dit ional Flash mem or y car d s on t he super v isor m od ule. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Assu m in glyy ou had an t up ed oot I OSing filemet h andy t h at ytou v er ified w ould in ygour n et w or k , y ou App a lay er ed roudat blesh h odology o r had eal- life rou t ing and wor switk chin could env t ake t he t im e t o upg rad e t he I OS. Copy ing conf ig ur at ions an d u pgr adin g I OS v er sions is iron ment s som ew hat assu m ed k now led ge h er e. I f you do need som e pr act ice, how ev er , r ef er t o t h e pr act ical tDesig r oub leshoot w or ksh eet s and in App enE( dix " Tr oub leshoot in gind Resour ces,le " or Cisco.com f or m or e ned for ing aspir ing CCNP CCI r) B, pr of essionals, t his isp en sab labsee g uide b uilds on inf orm at ion. A g ood st ar t ing place is t h e Cisco I OS Road m ap av ailable at Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP w w .cisco. com arp / pu blic/of6 20/ r oadm aper.sht ml.t hAlt elyr ,eady sear fch " cisco r oadm ap.j ob, " Trwoubleshoot ing/ wexam . Full pr act ical ex cises atergnat et yivou or for challenges on t he CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealNow rnplicat y ourion focus t o some mem or y ics. sh ow com man ds, such as show m e m or y, sh ow pr oce sse s, w or ldt uap of LAN and WAN t op show st a ck s, an d show bu ff er s t o m onit or m em ory leak s and ut ilizat ion issues. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Iim n Ex am plecon 2- 18, e m on m y ing r outpor er tan t het he Tab k ey cer t o com plet e tinclud he com por t ant cep It sissued cen t rala tshow o t h e tm r oubleshoot iond of CCNP t ificat ion, inm g and. I

pr essed t he Sp acebar t o display t h e out p ut scr een- by - scr een inst ead of j ust pr essing Ent er t o see line- by - line. Many t im es I f ind w hat I need b ef or e t he end of t h e display, so I t ap t he Esc k ey , Q k ey or an y key f or t hat m at t er t o st op w her e I am . D ep en ding on t he scroll buf fer size, I scr oll b ack t o fin d t he r eq uir ed d et ail. I n sit uat ions such as t h is wh er e y ou ar e t r ying t o capt ur e ou t put , log t he session so t hat you can ref er back t o it lat er . Th e specif ics d ep en d on t he t er min al pr ogr am . Becau s I am usin g Secur eCRT for m ine, I can go t o t he File menu an d t u r n on t h e logging f unct ionalit y , clea t he scr een, and st art again . Aft er I finish log ging , I j ust t u rn it off so t h at I can open t he sav ed session f ile inTable m y of Secur eCRT direct or y. Then I r en ame t he f ile t o som et h in g relevan t so t h at I can • Content s r ef er back t o it lat er. Ex am ple 2- 18 sh ows t he av ailable opt ions for show m e m or y an d show • I ndex m em or y ?. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Exa m pl e 2 - 1 8 . show m e m or y Ou t pu t Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r2>show mem Pages: 84 0 r2>show memory Head

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Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Processor 94DC8 16163384 1578748 14584636 14437208 14437896 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. I/O Wit h t his b ook,4000000 you can:

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1760776

1760556

Processor memory Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Address Next Ref PrevF NextF Alloc PC What w it houtBytes t h e actPrev. ual equip ment a baseline and docu ment y our et w or k 94DC8Est ablish1064 0 9521C 1 ph ysical and logical n31AB1C4

List Elements

t r oublesh oot ing t95D78 ar get s using 1pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear31AB1C4 , debu g, anList d ot her 9521CI dent if y 2864 94DC8 Headers t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 95D78 3992 9521C 96D3C 1 314C830 TTY data Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ... Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I/O memory " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Address Bytes Prev. Next Ref

PrevF

NextF

Alloc PC

What

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 4000000 260 4000130 1 *Packet Data* cabling, sp eed0and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt3187E70 h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 4000130 260 4000000 4000260 1 3187E70 *Packet Data* App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ... env iron ment s r2>show Desig ned memory for aspir ? ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP allocating-process allocating process name Tr oubleshoot ing exam . FullShow of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealdead Memory w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN towned op ics. by dead processes CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g pstats r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e fast Fast memory im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

• •

free

Free memory stats

io

IO memory stats

multibus

Multibus memory stats

pci

PCI memory stats Table of Content s

processor

I ndex

Processor memory stats

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

summary

Summary of memory usage per alloc PC

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r2>Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

show m e m or y g ives a block- b y- b lock d isp lay of mem or y usage, w hich is w hy I h ad t o st op t he com man d an d give you only a par t ial capt u re in Ex am ple 2- 18. Th er e ar e m any p rocesses r un ning on t he CPU t hat ar e allocat ed a cert ain am oun t of m emor y each. Consid er t he p rocessor m em or y, f o Hand s- on You pr act ice bet for t ter hehav CCNP oubleshoot ing exam it h TCP/ I P, LAN, aneway d W AN t r ocol ouble( BGP) , y o inst ance. had e atTrleast 1 MB f ree, and if wr unn in g Bord er Gat Prot tshould icket s bconsider ased on m Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ore lik e 5 t o 1 0 MB f ree w or k in g sp ace t o han dle r out e f laps an d conv er gence. From a t r oub leshoot in g st an dpoint , if a pr ocess d oesn' t de- allocat e t h e m em or y it had and it is b ein Wit h t his you allocat ed bmook, or e m emcan: or y, t hat is r eason t o w at ch it . Act ually , t his is r efer r ed t o as a m em or y leak an nor m ally t he f ix is t o u pgr ade t he I OS. For m em ory allocat ion er r or s, about all y ou can do t em por arily er cy along cle t hewbox for w a or mld orelab perm an en t faligned ix , u pgr tade t he ex I OS. or Set u p is anpdow f ollow it h ;realscenar ios o each am Check t op ic, Cisco.com w it h or r ep or w t tithhout e pr oblem if you ar e t h e fir st t o find it so t hat t he r est of us don' t h ave t o suf fer . t h e act ual equip ment Ex amEst pleablish 2- 19 illust r at es show pr ocess, hich es you he CPUnut a baseline and docu ment yw our phgiv ysical and t logical etilizat w or kion and m em or y usage. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

Exa m pl eleshoot 2 - 1 9ing . show t r oub t ools anpr d oce u t ilit ss ies Ou t pu t Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2>show process Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s CPU utilization for five seconds: 21%/19%; one minute: 28%; five minutes: 23% " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es PID QTy PC Runtime (ms) Invoked uSecs Stacks TTY Process Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 1 Csp 31C05CC 648 6436 100 736/1000 0 Load Meter aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 2 App M* ly a lay er ed 0 t rou blesh oot 124 14 t o r8857 2792/4000 Exec ing met h odology eal- life rou t ing and 0 swit chin g env iron ment s 3 Lst 31B0DDA 70276 4864 14448 3704/4000 0 Check heaps Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 4 Cwe 31B70F6 Pool Manager Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot0in g ( CI T) t op 1 ics t hat p r0ep3732/4000 are y ou for t he0 CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ... CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2>show process memory CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Total: 18260536, Used: Free: 16345536 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t1915000, o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

PID TTY

Allocated

Freed

Holding

Getbufs

Retbufs Process

0

0

35668

1252

1641800

0

0 *Init*

0

0

484

109420

484

0

0 *Sched*

0

0

3219684

1348972

1720

323940

268

1748

0

0 Load Meter

•

0 *Dead*

Table of Content s

•

1

0

I ndex

268

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

2 L.0 Har rington By Donna 3

312

0

56696

0

0 Exec

0

0

4748

0

0 Check heaps

0

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

...

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: Allocated 84 0 PID TTY

Freed

Holding

Getbufs

Retbufs Process

1914160 Total r2> Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: I cut m ost of t he out pu t f rom t he com m ands in Ex am ple 2- 19 b ecau se t he m ain em ph asis h er e is on t he beginnin g shad ed lines dealing w it h t he CPU u t ilizat ion an d m em ory usage. show pr ocess an dage f ollow wion it h realwer orvldals labofscenar iosds, aligned t oe,each t opes. ic, Af w itt er h or show sSet t h eu paver CPUalong ut ilizat f or int 5 secon 1 m inut an d ex 5 am m inut you w it hout t h e act ual equip ment hav e t ak en sev er al snap sh ot s of t his com m and, you can t hen com par e t h e r elat iv e inst ances t hat a par t icular pr ocess has been in vok ed. Th e one t h at h as been in vok ed t h e m ost is m or e t han likely Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r espon sib le for t he load on t he CPU. Th e show pr ocess m em or y com m and off ers a m or e det ailed display on how each pr ocess allocat es, f r ees, and h old s m em or y . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

NO TE

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I t is ext r em ely im p ort ant n ot t o ov er load t he r out er w it h de bug p ack et - t y pe com m ands if any ion gr es eat er t han 50 % . Perh aps y ou can use de bug e v ent " Snifoff" t these he w uirteilizat t o sp ot vnalues et w orar k e issu t y pe com m ands, f or a lit t le less over head, t o aid you in y our t r oub leshoot ing . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Ex am ple 2- 20 sh ows t he ou t put of show st a ck s, w hich is used t o m onit or r out er p r ocesses an d int er ru pt s. is com is notoot a ing d aily rou t ine. I f you show er sion d chin see tgh at t h e box App ly Th a lay er edmtand rou blesh met h odology t o r use eal- life rouvt ing and an swit r eloadenv ed iron because ment sof a cr ash, h owev er , use t he show st a ck s com m and so t h at t h e Techn ical Assist ance Cen t er ( TAC) can assist . I t m ay be h elpf ul if y ou dum p t he out pu t t o t he Cisco St ack Decoder b ef ore r eload cr ashed t er. I f t h e t out ut isp doesn 't appear o be bhuilds elp fulont o y ou, Desig nedTool for aspir ingyou CCNP and aCCI E( r) prrou of essionals, his pind en sab le lab gtuide m ay be alue t heTrou Cisco TAC eng ; man y t im es pt hey havyeou diffor ferent er sions of t ools f r om Cisco( r) of I ntver net twoork bleshoot in gineer ( CI T) t op ics t hat r ep are t he vCCNP w you an ding I hav e. . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Trhat oubleshoot exam CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Exa m pl e 2 - 2 0 . show st a ck s Ou t pu t

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2>show stacks Minimum process stacks: Free/Size

Name

Init • 2348/4000 Table of Content s •

3468/4000

I ndex

RADIUS INITCONFIG

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By3388/4000 Donna L. Har rington DHCP

Client

Pub lish er: Cisco Exec Press 1964/4000 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

3500/4000 Router I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Init Pages: 84 0

Interrupt level stacks: Level

Called Unused/Size

Name

3 3 2772/3000 Serial interface state change interrupt Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket on Cisco2576/3000 I n t ern et w or kNetwork Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 4 s b ased13976 interfaces Wit h t his b ook, you can: 5 171009 2864/3000

Console Uart

r2> Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Ex amIple dent 2-if21 y t rsh oublesh ows t he ootou ing t put t arof getshow s using bupin ff er g,s,t rinclud ace, sh inow g t,he clear size, debu of t heg,var anious d ot her b uff er pools. The r out ert r is oub prleshoot et t y sming ar t t in ools seran v ing d u titilit s cust ies omer s ( or shou ld I say allocat ing bu ff er s an d r eallocat in g as necessar y) , especially if y ou use t he fast er sw it chin g m odes. Ov err u ns occur w hen t he h ard w are ose and r oublesh al pr oblem f ollow along aut h orcan' t Diagn send receiv ed tdat a t o a oot buf act fer ubecause t hesinby put r at eing exceed ed wititshcapab ilit yp rtovided o han dle t h e aly stun ( r )s OS Cisco r ) Sof com anderinp ut , ou loggin g dat a. Cat Un derr ar e and w hen t he It rOS( ansm it t ert wisarr eunn ingm fast t han t h teput rou, tand er can p rocess. How ev er , int er face bu ff er s can fall b ack on sy st em buf fer s as needed, w h ich m akes t h em pr et t y self - t unin g. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h NO TE

cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, encapsulat mor ebu ff er s on t h eir ow n t han ear lier Newer v er sions of addr I OS essing do a m, uch bet t er jion, ob ofand t u ning v er sions d id . This is a case w h er e t w eak s, kn obs, and adj ust m en t s ar e gr eat if y ou k now ly paact layof er ed h odology t oault r eallifee rou swit,chin tApp he im t het rou d ef blesh ault s oot y ouing ar emet changin g. Def s ar set tfing or aand r eason andgw hen it env iron ment s com es t o bu ff er s, alw ays con su lt TAC befor e y ou ar bit r arily adj ust t hem . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Exa 2 - St 2 1ud. ies: show bu f fe r sin Ou t puytou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNPmPrpl acteical Tr oublesh oot g g ives w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t antbuffers con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g r2>show

Buffer elements: 500 in free list (500 max allowed) 18734 hits, 0 misses, 0 created Public buffer pools: •

Table of Content s

•Small buffers, I ndex 104 bytes (total 50, permanent 50): CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna 49L. in Har rington free

list (20 min, 150 max allowed)

hits, Pub 6802 lish er: Cisco Press0

misses, 0 trims, 0 created

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

0 failures (0 no memory) I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 Middle buffers, 600 bytes (total 25, permanent 25):

25 in free list (10 min, 150 max allowed) 2765 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s0b failures ased on Cisco (0 Ino n t ern memory) et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h buffers, t his b ook, 1524 you can: Big bytes (total 50, permanent 50): 50 in free list (5 min, 150 max allowed) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w1115 it houthits, t h e act0ual equip ment misses, 0 trims, 0 created Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 0 failures (0 no memory) I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her VeryBig (total 10, permanent 10): t r oubbuffers, leshoot ing4520 t ools bytes an d u t ilit ies 10 inose free (0 min, max allowed) Diagn and list t r oublesh oot act100 u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 0 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 0 failures (0 no memory) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Large buffers, 5024 bytes (total 0, permanent 0): Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and (0 du plex , u10 t ilizat ionallowed) and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 0 in free list min, max aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 0 hits, 0 misses, 0 trims, 0 created App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s (0 no memory) 0 failures Desig for aspir ing CCNP and(total CCI E( r)0, pr of essionals, t0): his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Huge ned buffers, 18024 bytes permanent Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam of pr act er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 0 in free list. Full (0 min, 4 ical maxexallowed) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld 0 aphits, plicat ion LAN and0 WAN t op ics. 0 of misses, trims, 0 created CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 0 failures (0 no memory) im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Interface buffer pools: Ethernet0 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 32, permanent 32): 8 in free list (0 min, 32 max allowed) 24 hits, 0 fallbacks •

Table of Content s

8 max I cache size, 8 in cache ndex

•

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Serial0 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 32, permanent 32): By Donna L. Har rington

7 in free list (0 min, 32 max allowed) Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub705 Dat e: hits, April 0 4, 0 20 03 fallbacks I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

8 max84 cache size, 8 in cache Pages: 0 Serial1 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 32, permanent 32): 7 in free list (0 min, 32 max allowed) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 25 hits, 0 fallbacks t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 8 max cache size, 8 in cache Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2> Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k You m ust k now and un derst an d t h e Cisco I OS t o becom e a CCNP and t o giv e Cisco t he in for m at ion oublesh s using t r ace, , clear g, an d ot t hey nI dent eed if t oy ht relp y ou. oot Oneing of ttar heget best t hingpin s t og,rev iew tsh heow p rev iou s, debu com man ds, t oher assist w it h you r t r oub leshoot anisd tuhe t ilitou ies baselin e, and t o g ing ive t ools o TAC t put of show t e ch- sup port . I t is ex cellent docum ent at ion for y ou t o hav e t h e nor m al out p ut of t his com man d wh en t h ings ar e op er at ing t h e w ay t hey should so ose oublesh u al pr oblem by f ollow it h The aut hout or-pput r ovided t hat yDiagn ou hav e aand comt rpar ison woot henact t hing s ar e nots oper at in ging so along smoot w h ly. of show t e chOS r ) Sof w arout e com inpple ut , 2ou22, t put supp Cat or t aly is st a (litr )t le lenand gt h Cisco y. I cuI tOS( m ost of tt he p ut m inand Ex am b ,utand lef tloggin enouggh for y ou t o g et feel f or t he u sef ulness of t he com m and. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Depend in g on t h e har dw ar e and t h e I OS f eat ur e set s, show t e ch- sup port in clu des out pu t f r om t he Snifcom f" t he w irds e as t o sp ot as n etot wh orerk s. issu es follow ing list sh ow s com m on shor t cut s f or some of t he follow"ing man w ell The fu ll comm an ds display ed in t his chap t er: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut v o enegot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e sh r App sh rly una lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s sh cont r Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco(sh r) st I ntaer c net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPsh Pr act i ntical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. sh p roc m e m CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e p roc cput s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im porsh t ant con cep

sh b uf

Exa m pl e 2 - 2 2 . show t e ch - su ppor t Ou t pu t

•

Table of Content s r2>show tech-support •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing -----------------show version

------------------

By Donna L. Har rington

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software Pub lish er: Cisco Press

IOSPub (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-IS-L), Version 12.0(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 ...

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Configuration Hand s- on pr act ice register for t he CCNP is 0x2102 Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ------------------ show running-config -----------------Wit h t his b ook, you can: Building configuration... Set uconfiguration: p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Current w it hout t h e act ual equip ment version 12.0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k service I denttimestamps if y t r oublesh debug oot ing tuptime ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies service timestamps log uptime Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided no service Cat aly stpassword-encryption ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g hostname Use inr2 st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ... " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and show r em otcontrollers e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ----------------------------------cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, o negot ion,0xD9280, addr essing , encapsulat and mor LANCEaut unit 0, iat idb ds 0xDAB88, ion, regaddr = e0x2130000, reset_mask 0x2 ly a lay er edmode=0x0000, t rou blesh oot ingmcfilter met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g IB atApp 0x4006E64: 0000/0000/0100/0020 env iron ment s station address 0000.0c38.a05d default station address 0000.0c38.a05d Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( ... r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies:show Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal-----------------stacks -----------------w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Minimum process stacks: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Free/Size

Name

2348/4000

Init

... Interrupt level stacks: •

Level •

Table of Content s

Called Unused/Size I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

3

3

2772/3000

Name Serial interface state change interrupt

By Donna L. Har rington

... Pub lish er: Cisco Press

-----------------Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 show interfaces -----------------I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Pages: 84 0

Hardware is Lance, address is 0000.0c38.a05d (bia 0000.0c38.a05d) ... Hand s- on is pr act iceline for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Serial0 up, protocol is up t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ... Wit h t his b ook, you can: DCD=up

DSR=up

DTR=up

RTS=up

CTS=up

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ... Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k DSR=down I DCD=down dent if y t r oublesh oot ing tDTR=down ar get s usingRTS=down pin g, t r ace,CTS=down sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ------------------ show process memory -----------------Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Total: Used: 1915584, Free: Cat18260536, aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e16344952 com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r u ct or - d ev elop ed Freed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv eRetbufs Tr ouble Tick et s PID Use TTYin stAllocated Holding Getbufs Process ir e t o sp ot n et1252 w or k issu1641800 es 0 " Snif 0 f" t he w35668

0

0 *Init*

s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem 1914784 Total cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, show addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e -----------------process cpu -----------------App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g CPU utilization for five seconds: 21%/14%; one minute: 23%; five minutes: 18% env iron ment s PID Runtime(ms) Invoked uSecs 5Sec 1Min 5Min TTY Process Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 1 676 6972 96 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0 Load Meter Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal2 9400 137 68613 7.61% 8.50% 2.59% 0 Exec w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ... CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

------------------ show buffers ------------------

Buffer elements: 500 in free list (500 max allowed) •

Table of Content s

19804 hits, 0 misses, 0 created

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Public buffer pools: By Donna L. Har rington

Small buffers, 104 bytes (total 50, permanent 50): Pub lish er: Cisco Press

...Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Huge buffers, 18024 bytes (total 0, permanent 0): Pages: 84 0

Interface buffer pools: Ethernet0 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 32, permanent 32): Hand ... s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial0 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 32, permanent 32): Wit h t his b ook, you can: ... Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Serial1 buffers, 1524 bytes (total 32, permanent 32): w it hout t h e act ual equip ment R2> Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ob viously Diagn , ose t his and sect ion t r oublesh h as not ootcov act erued al pr alloblem t h e show s by com f ollow m ing ands along of t h w e itI OS; h autnhoror-wpillr ovided y ou ev er cov er all t h eCat shaly owstcom ( r ) OS manand ds bCisco ecause I OS( Cisco r ) Sof is tconst w ar ean com t ly m imand p rovinp ingutt,heir ou t put I OS. , and Th isloggin sect ion g has p rov ided an over v iew of t he m ost usefu l com man ds and h ow t o in t erp ret t hem so t h at y ou can u se t hem in st - d ev elop lem - isolat hods t o r esolv Tr ouble etor s e com m on sho t hr ou Use ghout t hr eu ct exorercises in ed t h isp rob book . Now t h ion at y m ouethav e exam inede some of tTick he m com man ds, t ur n y our at t ent ion t o pi ng t o assist w it h t r ou bleshoot in g t arg et s up t hr oug h t he " SnifLay f" ter he. w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Net w ork Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Cisco aut oPing negotCommands iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly esav a layerer ted rou ingt o-met t oitryealrou t ing swit chin g ev er, it has t he Ping is a lif o dtet erblesh m in eoot enden h d odology conn ect iv andlife r eachab ilitand y issues. How env iron ment s pot ent ial t o d isr up t r out er s if not hand led pr oper ly. As w it h t he ot h er t ools, it is helpf ul t o baseline and hav e t h e nor m al out put of ping com man ds w hen t he n et wor k is w or k ing pr oper ly t o com par e Desig ned for aspir ingw hen CCNP and E( r) pr of essionals, hisway ind,isp en sab le lab g uide against t hose t im es y ou ar CCI e t r oubleshoot ing . By t the p ing is not just for I b P;uilds it is on a valu ab Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP t ool f or I P, I PX, an d ot h er pr ot ocols as w ell. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNPNO Pr act TEical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

As pr ev iou sly m ent ion ed , ping m ay pot en t ially d isr up t r out er s, and t his is p ut t in g it m ild ly . En t er p rise or ganizat ion s and I nt er net serv ice pr ovid er s ( I SPs) g en er ally filt er I nt er net Con t rol Message Prot ocol ( I CMP) p ack et s because t hey can be u sed t o lau nch d en ial- ofser v ice ( DoS) an d ot her hack at t ack s.

I som et im es t h in k of ping as a Ping- Pon g g am e. Pin g f ir st sen ds an I CMP Echo Req uest pack et and • Table of Content s aw ait s an I CMP Echo Rep ly. Many t im es ping f ails b ecause t h e Echo Request is successf ul, bu t t h e • I ndex Echo Reply doesn' t h ave a w ay t o ret ur n . Not e t he basic Cisco ping out p ut in Ex am ple 2- 23. Th e CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing success r at e of 5/ 5 is ob viously w hat y ou w an t t o see com par ed t o t h e 0/ 5 ( w her e t her e is m ost By Donna L. a Har defin it ely prrington oblem at Lay er 3 or below ) . I f t h e success r at e is less t han 5/ 5 , r em em ber t o p ing again for mor e accur at e r esu lt s. When t he success r at e is 4 / 5 ( 80 percent ) in a Cisco env iron ment , nor m ju st w rit e it of f t o ARP per for m in g it s dut ies an d p in g again if I really m ust see 5/ 5 ( 10 0 Pubally lish er: Cisco Press per cent ) . Refer b ack t o Ex am ple 2- 12 t o see t he . ! ! ! ! ( f our ban gs) an d ! ! ! ! ! ( fiv e bang s) w it h ARP in Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 act ion.IEx am ple 223 d em on st r at es u ser - m ode pi ng acr oss a p oint - t o- p oin t HDLC ser ial link w her e SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 ARP is not necessary . Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 2 - 2 3 . User - M ode pi ng Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2>ping 192.168.1.1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 100-byte ICMP wEchos tow or 192.168.1.1, timeout 2 seconds: Set u5, p an d f ollow along it h realld lab scenar ios aligned is t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment !!!!! Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/30/32 ms I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided st ( r ) ing OS ping and Cisco I OS(exam r ) Sof t w arand e com and inp -ut , ou t put , and loggin g it is f air ly eas From Cat t healy p reced and ARP ples, in m you r day t oday t r oublesh oot ing, t o in t erp ret t hat an ex clam at ion ( ! ) m ean s su ccessf ul an d a per iod ( .) m ean s not successf ul. Th e User at inestis r uact or - d ev elop rob lem isolat ionback m etthods r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s t han 80 p er cen success percent ag eed of ppacket s -echoed o t he t roout er , and any t hin g less is usually p rob lem at ic. The r oun d- t r ip t ime in t erv als display as m inim um , av er age, and m axim um , " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es and ar e qu it e helpfu l t o com p are ag ainst y our b aseline f or how long it t ak es t o r eceiv e a r eply . Tabl 2- 3 ex plains ing ch aract er ot ou put . Analy zeplocal and r em e t access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Tab le 2 -3 . Cisco Pin g- Pong Tabl e env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

•

Out put

D e scri pt i on

!

Each bang r epr esent s t he r eceipt of a r eply.

.

Tim eou t w hile w ait ing f or r ep ly .

U

Dest inat ion unr each able.

N

•P

Net w ork unr each able.

Table of Content s

Pr ot ocol un reachable.

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

C

Con gest ion OCCURRED .

Q

Sour ce qu en ch . Rout er say ing slow dow n.

By Donna L. Har rington

M

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Max im um t r ansm ission unit ( MTU) p rob lem . Could not f r agm en t .

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

A I

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Adm inist r at ively pr ohib it ed . User - int er ru pt ed ping.

?

Unk now n packet t yp e.

&

Packet lif et im e ex ceeded.

Ct r l+s-Shift + act 6 ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot Abor t Ciscoing ping. Hand on pr exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in gissu ( CIe.T) t opics. % Unr ecogn ized host or add ress Nam e r esolut ion Wit h t his b ook, you can: The p r eceding exam ple d em on st r at es t h e user - m ode ping t hat can b e issued in user or en able m od Set uping p an is d fav ollow along w itf rom h realor ldmlab ios aligned o each t opex ic,t en w itded h orop t ion Ex t ended ailable only enw able odescenar ( # ) . For I P, you tcan relatex e am t h ese houtint hteh eact equip t o t hewfitields I Pual pack et ( ment af t er w e rev iew t he I P header opt ions in Ch apt er 3, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h I P. " ) Table 2 - 4 list s t h e ex t end ed pin g op t ions. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Tab le 2 -4 . Ext en de d Pi ng Op t ion s

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Fie ld D e scri pt i on Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Pr ot ocol[ I P] : Defau lt is I P. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Tar get I P addr ess: Dest inat ion host n ame or I P add ress. Analy em otber e access oblem s. s in Et hern Repeat couzentlocal [ 5] : and rNum of p in gprpacket Defau lt iset5net pinwgorpks, ack in etclud s. ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Dat ag ram size iat ion, addr Sizeessing of ping p ack et s. Default sizmor e ofet he p in g packet is 100 by t es. aut o negot , encapsulat ion, and [ 10 0] : App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Tim eou in ment s Defau lt t im eout in t er v al is 2 secon ds. envtiron second s[ 2] : Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP r)end pr of t hisbind sabtleyplab uilds Ex t ended Defauand lt isCCI n o E( ext edessionals, com m ands, ut isp y ouencan e Ygtuide o indbicat e yon ou w ant Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP com man ds[ n] : a ser ies of ad dit ional com m ands t o app ear . Som e of t hese com m ands follow Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Sour ce Pr act addical ress Stor ud ies: Set Tr oublesh t h e sour oot cein addr g g ives ess yinout han e ping edg epack ov erett.he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealwint orer ld face: ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Ty pe Pr of act serv iceSt[ ud 0] :ies: TOS select oot ion in . Defau lt is 0.y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP ical Tr oublesh g p r ovides im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Set DF bit in I P header ? [ n o] :

Don 't fr agm ent . D rop an d send err or m essag e inst ead . Help s det er mine t he sm allest MTU in t h e pat h. Default is no.

Validat e r eply dat a? [ no] :

Specify w het her t o v alid at e t he reply d at a. Defau lt is n o.

Dat a pat t er n [ 0x ABCD ] : •

Defau lt is ABCD , bu t v ar ying t o all 1s or 0s can be h elpf ul wh en d eb ugg in g chann el ser v ice u nit s/ dat a ser vice un it s ( CSUs/ DSUs) or det ect in g cab le Table of Content s pr oblem s such as cr osst alk.

•

I ndex

Loose, Stcal r ictSt, udi es: Tr ouble Theshoot d ef ault CCNP P ra cti ing Record , Tim est am p, By Donna L. Har rington Verb ose[ n one] : Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

is none. Ot her header op t ion s include t he f ollow ing :

Loose — List of nod es t hat mu st be t rav er sed St r ict — List of nod es t hat mu st be t he only n odes t r av er sed Re cord— Pat h Tim e st am p— Tim es V e rbose — Det ailed infor m at ion

Sw eep r ange of Var y t he size of t h e ech o pack et s being sent . Usefu l t o det er m ine t h e sizes[ n] : m inim um MTUs conf igur ed f r om t he sou rce t o dest inat ion. Red uce Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble per for m ance pr oblem s r elat ed t o f r agm en t at ion. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. !!!!! Each bang ( ! ) ind icat es t h e receip t of a reply , w her eas a p er iod ( . ) ind icat es Wit h t his b ook, you can:a t im eout w hile w ait ing for a r ep ly . Success r at e is 1 00 10 0 p er cent or 5/ 5 is obv iously w hat you w ant t o see, not t he 0 / 5, w h ich Set u p an d f ollow along w itin h itrealw or ld lab ios aligned o each. Iex t op ic, w itrat h eoris less per cent m ost def ely in dicat es ascenar pr oblem at L3 or t below f tam he success w it hout t h e act ual tequip han 1ment 00 percent , rem em b er t o pin g ag ain f or best r esult s. When t he success r at e is 4/ 5 ( or 80 per cent ) in a Cisco env iron m en t , I nor m ally ju st Est ablish a baseline phm ysical w rand it e itdocu of f tment o ARPy our per for ing itand s dulogical t ies. n et w or k Rou ndt r ipif y t r oublesh oot Rouing nd-t ar t r ip imu mpin / aver axim milliseconds t he I dent getmsinusing g, tage/ r ace,msh ow um , clear , debu g, anfor d ot herr ep ly packet . m in/tav g/ m ax = ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r oub leshoot 1/ 2 / 4 ms Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ty pe pi ng an d pr ess Ent e r t o specif y t he ex t ended pr ot ocol opt ion s in Ex am ple 2- 24. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Exa m pl e 2 - 2 4 . Cisco Ex t e nde d Pi ng Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2#ping App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Protocol [ip]: Desig nedIPforaddress: aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Target 192.168.4.1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing[5]: exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Repeat count CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion[100]: of LAN and WAN t op ics. Datagram size CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Timeout in seconds [2]: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Extended commands [n]: y Source address or interface: 192.168.3.1 Type of service [0]: Set DF bit in IP header? [no]: •

Table of Content s

Validate reply • I ndex data? [no]: CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Data pattern [0xABCD]: By Donna L. Har rington

Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: Aprilof 0 4, sizes 20 03 Sweep range [n]: I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Type Pages: escape 84 0 sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2# Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Ex am ple 2- 24 illust r at es ext end ed p in g in act ion, b ut t he success r at e of 0 / 5 is not so su ccessf ul. I t is im por Esttablish ant t o an ot baseline e t hat yand ou mu docu st ment answ er y our y espht ysical o t h e ex and t ended logical comm n et wan ords k sect ion t o get m or e choices t o assist you w it h t r oubleshoot ing. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I n t het r"oub Cisco leshoot Tr ace ing Com t ools m ands" an d uand t ilit ies " Cisco Debu g Comm an ds" sect ions of t h is ch apt er , and in Ch apt er 3, y ou w ill ex plor e m or e t r oubleshoot ing using ping . Aft er all, p ing is one of t h e easiest t es Diagn oublesh aloug pr oblem s by y ou can perose for mand t o t rest all t hoot e w act ay u t hr h Layer 3 . f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es NO TE Analy ze local and e lev access pr oblem s ining Et hern ets.net w oryou ks, rself, in cludping w it hlocal, Use p ing t o id en t if yr em lowoterel t rou blesh oot t ar get Ping ing issues som eone cabling, sp eedltand du plex , u t ilizat andw on e- ws,ayt race lin k,is ping t h e defau gat ew ay , and p in gion a r and em otcollisions, e h ost . I f b you ar eidtsth, ill CSMA/ hav ingCD, pr oblem negot iatanion ion, addr essing encapsulat ion, andcom morplem e aaut g roeat comp ut ilit y t o p, ing. Pin g and t r ace en t one anot her . Ping show s connect ivit y and delay up t o Layer 3 , and t r ace show s t he pat h fr om t h e sour ce t o t h e App inat ly a ion. lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g dest env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Cisco Trace Commands CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or tldraap plicat of m LAN WAN t op by ics.- hop ap pr oach t o find ing t he p rob lem . I t is a v aluable t ool The cer out eion com andand uses a h opfor figu rin g ou t h ow far can y ou get an d f indin g ex act ly wh er e t h e connect ion f ails. Take a look at CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e how t he t ool w ork s. Thr ee pr obes ar e sent t o each h op st ar t ing w it h a t im e- t o- live ( TTL) of on e for im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

t he fir st hop . When t he TTL ex pir es, t h e r ound - t r ip t im e f or each pr obe is sent back t o t he or iginat o Aft er ev ery t hird p rob e, t he TTL is incr eased by one t o m ak e it t o t he n ex t r out er. Oft en , t im eou t s occu r and t ra cer out e p r in t s * t o t he scr een. As lon g as one at t em pt out of t hr ee wor k s, y ou g et ho inf orm at ion, but t he ex act ou t put depend s on su ch it em s as t he secur it y lev els at each hop. Try m ult iple t r aces t o see w het her t h e sam e r out e is t ak en each t im e. Table 2 - 5 d escr ibes t ra cer out e out p ut . As w it h Cisco pi ng, t ra ce rou t e of fer s ext en ded op t ions, t oo. Ju st t y pe t ra ce or t ra cer out e and pr ess Ent er t o see t hem . •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Tab le 2 -5 . t r a ce r out e Cha r a ct e r s

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Out put

D e scri pt i on

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

nn m sec t r 57 ip -0t im e per pr obe in m illisecon ds. I SBN: Rou 1- 58nd720 -0 *

Pages: 84 0

The p r obe t im ed ou t .

?

Unk now n packet t yp e.

A

Adm inist r at ively un reachable; ch eck f or access list issues.

H Host u nrfor eachab le. Hand s- on pr act ice t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. N Net w ork unr each able. Wit you un can: P h t his b ook, Pr ot ocol reachable. Q U

Sour ce qu en ch . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Port h t e u nr eachab le. Prob w it hout act ual equip mente r eceived but discard ed because it could not deliver t o t he app licat ion. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

y t reoublesh oot ing ar get s using pin g, t r ace, , clear d ot Now tIhdent at I ifhav int r oduced a ft ew t ools, I w ant you t o refsherow back t o ,t hdebu e pr g, actan ical exher am ples pr ov ided t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies t hu s far , if n ecessar y , t o h elp t r oub leshoot a p art icular p rob lem in Ex am ple 2- 25. Th e ch apt er scenar io is pict ur ed in Figur e 2- 2 f or y our conv enience. I am on r 2 t ry ing t o ping t he far side of r 1. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided This w or k ed in m y ear lier t est w hen I added RI P, b ut I can 't ping n ow. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl e 2 - 2 5 . Tr ace Tr oubl eshoot i ng " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r2>ping 192.168.1.1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Type escape sequence to abort. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron s Sending 5, ment 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ..... Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2>trace 192.168.1.1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Type escape sequence to abort. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Tracing the route to 192.168.1.1 1

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r2>show ip I route • ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

...

By Donna L. Har rington

C

192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

C

Pub192.168.3.0/24 Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

is directly connected, Ethernet0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r2>show ip84protocols Pages: 0 Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 23 seconds Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ... t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. for you Networks: WitRouting h t his b ook, can: 192.168.2.0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 192.168.3.0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ... Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r2>where t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp put , and loggin g * 1 Cat r1 aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco 192.168.2.1 0 ut , ou 2 t r1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1>show ip route Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ... cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 env iron ment s

r1>show Desig ned ip for protocols aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r1> Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 2 - 2 . Cha pte r 2 Sce na r io an d Log gin g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Cer t ainly , w e hav e all had p rob lem s w her e t hin gs w or ked fin e yest erd ay but t h er e seem s t o be a pr oblem am ple Wit h t his nbow. ook,Exyou can:2- 25 sh ows t he ou t put of m y pr oblem . The pi ng com m and did not w ork . Becau se I am t r y in g t o p in g t o a diff er ent net w ork and it f ailed, I t hou ght I w ould t r y t ra cer out e t o see wh et her t her e w as a p art icular st op ping point . t ra cer out e j ust gav e m e a b unch of t imeout s ( * so I t houg I wd ould t elnet t o wr 1it ht orealsee w wor het cou ld ios r each it s own local ex intam er face of w 19it2. Set uht p an f ollow along ldher labitscenar aligned t o each t op ic, h 16 or 8. 1. 1 I nst ead of let t ing m y scr een f ill up w it h ast er isk s, I p ressed t h e Ct r l+ Shift + 6 k ey sequ en ce t o abor t w it hout h e act ual equip ment t he t ra cer out e com m and. Then I used t h e w he re com m and t o see w het her I alr eady h ad a t elnet session Estop ablish en . You a baseline m ay beand m ordocu e f amiliar ment ywour it h ph t heysical showand se ssion logicals n com et wm orand, k but w he re is ex act ly t he sam e. Becau se r1 w as an act ive t eln et session, I j ust p r essed En t er t o r et ur n t o it . I t y ped in t w I dent t r oublesh ingail t arwget pinlem g, t ris. ace, , clear g, Ian com man dsiftyh at ou t put oot in det hats tusing he p rob Th sh in kow abou t it , adebu lit t le. w dill ot fixher t h e pr oblem in r oub aneck d u t ilit ies w het h er y ou ar e r ig ht . Ex amtple 2-leshoot 26, so ing y out ools can ch o see Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use TE in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s NO " Snifas f" twhe ir eist oanspalt ot er n nat et wiv orek comm issu esand f or show se ssion s, w h o is an alt er nat iv e Just hewre com man d f or show use rs. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Exa m pllye a2lay - 2er 6 ed . Now I Ca ning Pi met ng h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App t rou blesh oot env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork rip Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r1(config)#router Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g r1(config-router)#end

r1#write mem !!!write mem is the same as copy run start Building configuration... r1#show ip route •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

C

Pub 192.168.2.0/24 lish er: Cisco Press

is directly connected, Serial0

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

R

192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:02, Serial0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r1#exit

[Connection to r1 closed by foreign host] r2>show ip route Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ... Wit h t 192.168.1.0/24 his b ook, you can:[120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:25, Serial0 R C C

192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2>ping 192.168.1.1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Type t escape sequence toanabort. r oub leshoot ing t ools d u t ilit ies Sending 5,ose 100-byte ICMPoot Echos topr192.168.1.1, timeout isw 2 Diagn and t r oublesh act u al oblem s by f ollow ing along it hseconds: aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g !!!!! Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/32/32 ms " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2>trace 192.168.1.1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h eed and du , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Type cabling, escape sp sequence toplex abort. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Tracing the route to 192.168.1.1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env(192.168.2.1) iron ment s 1 r1 16 msec * 16 msec Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r2> Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE The m or al of t h is ex am ple is t h at y ou shouldn 't hook y our rou t er up t o an out let t hat is cont r olled by you r lig ht sw it ch and t hen for get t o sav e y our conf ig ur at ion. Th e m ore t imes y ou d o t h ings lik e t hat , how ever , t he bet t er suppor t per son y ou will b e ( because y ou w ill cer t ainly r em em ber it t he n ex t t ime) . I n a pr act ical env ir onm en t , t h ese dev ices shou ld b e on an unint er r upt ib le pow er su pply ( UPS) any w ay. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

You can t h ank Van Jacobson for t h e t ra cer out e u t ilit y. The Micr osof t im plem en t at ion of t race is By Donna t ra cer t ;L. t Har he rington Cisco/ UNI X im plem en t at ion is t ra cer out e ( or t ra ce f or shor t ) . Th e Microsof t t ra cer t com man d t est s on ly t hr ough Layer 3 because it is b ased on I CMP p ack et s; w her eas t he UNI X/ Cisco t ra cer out comPress m and is UDP- based, so it t est s t hr oug h Layer 4 . On a p ract ical n ot e, you bet t er Pub lish er:e Cisco consider t his w h en w03 r it in g you r access list s—m any p eop le filt er out I CMP by def ault as a secur it y Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 m et hodI SBN: for 1p ing scans. Som e d o, and som e do not filt er t he h ig h- p ort UD P ou t . Hence t r ace r esult s 58 720 -0 57 -0 fr om t he sam e net w or k m ay deliv er dif fer en t r esu lt s. The sam e holds t ru e for t raf fic eng ineer ing Pages: 84 0 giv ing low er p r ef er ence t o I CMP p ack et s. Ex am ple 2- 27 sh ows t he ou t put of an ex t ended t ra cer out com man d.

Exa m pl e 2 - 2 7 . Ext en de d t r a ce r out e Com m an d

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1#trace 192.168.3.5 Type Set escape to abort. u p ansequence d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Tracing the route to HostC (192.168.3.5) Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 1 r2 (192.168.2.2) 16 msec 16 msec 16 msec I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 2 t* Diagn ose and t r oublesh 20 oot msec act u al16 pr oblem HostC (192.168.3.5) msec s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g !!!user trace is above Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s !!!extended trace is below " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1#trace Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Protocol [ip]: aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Target 192.168.3.5 AppIP ly aaddress: lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Source address: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Numeric display [n]: Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Timeout inical seconds CCNP Pr act St ud ies:[3]: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Probe count [3]: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Minimum tot s Live [1]: im por t antTime con cep cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Maximum Time to Live [30]: Port Number [33434]: Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]: Type escape sequence to abort. •

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•Tracing theI ndex route to HostC (192.168.3.5) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

1 r2 L.(192.168.2.2) By Donna Har rington

16 msec 16 msec 16 msec

2Pub HostC (192.168.3.5) 16 msec 16 msec 16 msec lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r1#

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Fields uniqu e t o t he ext en ded t ra cer out e com m and include Sou rce ad dr ess; Nu mer ic display ; Tim eou t ; Pr obe cou nt ; Tim e t o Liv e; Por t n um ber ; an d Loose, St r ict , Recor d, Tim est am p , and Verb ic display helpfTruloubleshoot w h en DNSing is exam failing.w TTL is help l w hen k now y our net w ork Handose. s- onNu pr mer act ice for t he is CCNP it h TCP/ I P,fuLAN, an dyou W AN t r ouble is good t t he oblemI nis ouet t sid e.k Su f or exam ple, at y ou are about six hops f r om t he t icket s bbu ased onprCisco t ern w or Trppose, oub leshoot in g ( CI T) tthopics. I nt er net . Just ch ange t he m inim um TTL t o six t o st ar t y our t est ing t h er e. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Now t h at y ou hav e show , cle ar , pi ng, an d t ra cer out e in y our t ool bag, t ak e a look at som e ot her t ools inn at e t o t he Cisco I OS t hat are oft en ver y helpf ul f or t r oubleshoot ing , such as log an d de bug Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

NO TE

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ingatt ools d u t ilites—such ies Good docum ent ion t an echniqu as add in g descr ipt ions on y our in t er f aces, and ann ot at ing ( ! or r em ar k) y our conf igur at ions—ar e t hin gs y ou w ill t hank y our self f or at a Diagn ose r oublesh al pr ollow ing along it h aut or-arpkr ovided lat er dat e. and ( Refter back t ooot Exact amuple 2-oblem 27, f ors by instf ance, w her e I mwade a rh em abou t t h e Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ex am ple of user and ext en ded t r ace w it hin t he con figu rat ion com man ds. ) Anot h er pr act ical t his is t o add a rem ar k w hen you up dat e an access cont r ol list ( ACL) wit h such infor m at ion Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s as it s p ur pose, t he p oint of cont act ( POC) , and t he dat e. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion Cisco Logging Commands

Log ging y ou m blesh onit oroot aning d view essagest ot hrat r ecor r eale ev en chin t s, sug ch as er r ors, Appenables ly a lay er ed ttorou met hmodology eallife drou t ingt im and swit w ar nings, an d st at e t r ansit ion s. All m essages ar e logged t o t he console by d ef ault , b ut you can and env iron ment s should lim it t hem. Lim it in g log ging is ext r em ely im por t an t t o lessen t h e im pact on per for m ance ( an tDesig o getned y ourforCCNP) Ty pe show ng, asofinessionals, Ex am ple t2h owle itlab is g set up.b uilds on aspir .ing CCNP andl oggi CCI E( r) pr his28, indt oispsee en sab uide Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Exa 2 - St 2 8ud. ies: show l og gin t puy tou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNPmPrpl acteical Tr oublesh ootg in gOu g ives w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t antlogging con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g r2>show

Syslog logging: enabled (0 messages dropped, 0 flushes, 0 overruns) Console logging: level debugging, 9 messages logged Monitor logging: level debugging, 0 messages logged Buffer logging: level debugging, 9 messages logged

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Trap logging: level informational, 13 message lines logged

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington Log Buffer (4096 bytes):

00:00:42: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

00:00:42: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

HandNO s- onTE pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Con sole logg ing is har sh. I f y ou m u st use it , at least go in t h rou gh t he v t y ( t er m inal) lines. Wit h Log t hisging b ook, can: ser v er is ev en b et t er t han t eln et t ing in, and logg ing t o an int er nal t o you a syslog bu ff er is t he best ( assum ing y ou in cr ease t he b uff er size) , or least over head I sh ould say . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Table 2 - 6 list s levels, k ey w or ds, descr ipt ion s, and sy slog d ef init ions t o assist you w it h m in imizing t h Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k im pact of logg ing. Er ror messag es are t yp ically st r uct ur ed in t h e follow ing sy nt ax: % FACI LI TYSEVERI TY- if MNEM ONI C: oot Message ex t s, w her e pin FACI exsh amow ples inclu de t wg, o an or dm ot ore I dent y t r oublesh ing t art get using g, LI t rTY ace, , clear , debu hercap it al let t er s abou tt raoub harleshoot dw ar e ing devtice, soft w ar e m odu le, or pr ot ocol. SEVERI TY is a nu mb er fr om zer o t o sev en, ools an d u t ilit ies w it h zer o sign ify ing t he m ost ser iou s condit ion. MNEM ONI C u niqu ely ident if ies t he m essage. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Tab le 2 -6 . Logg ing Key w or ds an d Le v el s

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Le v el Ke y w or d Se v er it y D e scr ipt i on Sy slog D ef in it i on Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and plexu,nusable. u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD,LOG_EMERG on e- w ay lin k, 0 Em er gencies Sydu st em aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 1 Aler t s I m mediat e act ion needed. LOG_ALERT App a lay er ed t rou oot ingions metex h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Crlyit ical Cr itblesh ical condit ist . LOG_CRI T env iron ment s 3 Er r or s Er r or condit ion s ex ist . LOG_ERR Desig ned forning aspir andcond CCI E( r) sprexist of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds onNG 4 War s ing CCNP War ning it ion . LOG_WARNI Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 5 oubleshoot Not ificat butactsignif icant condit LOG_NOTI Tr ing ion exam .Nor Fullmal of pr ical ex er cises t h ion at gsetexyist ou. r eady f or challenges on t he jCE ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal6 I nf orm at ional I nf orm at ional m essages. LOG_I NFO w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 7 Debu gging Debu gging m essages. LOG_DEBUG CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g 2

Ty pe no logg ing console or log gin g consol e [ lev el] usin g one of t he lev els sp ecified in Table 2 - 6. Keep in m in d t hat t he def ault lev el is 7 f or debu ggin g, w hich includ es lev els equ al t o or less t h an 7. Ex am ple 2- 29 illust r at es ot her op t ions f or logging ; in t he ex am ple, how ever , I chose t o dir ect all loggin g t o t he con sole an d t ur n it off t o all ot h er su ppor t ed dest in at ions w it h no logg ing on.

Exa m pl e 2 - 2 9 . n o logg in g on Ou t pu t •

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r2(config)#no logging ? By Donna L. Har rington

Hostname or A.B.C.D

IP address of the logging host

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, buffered

20 03

Set buffered logging parameters

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

console Pages:

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Set console logging level

facility

Facility parameter for syslog messages

history

Configure syslog history table

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble monitor Set terminal line (monitor) logging level t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Witon h t his b ook, you can:

Enable logging to all supported destinations

source-interface Specify interface for source address in logging Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or transactions w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment yserver our ph ysical and logical trap Set syslog logging level n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing r2(config)#no logging on t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r2(config)#end Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof System t w ar e com m and inp , ou t put ,console and loggin g 01:27:39: %SYS-3-LOGGER_FLUSHING: pausing toutensure debugging output Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoler2# " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2#show log Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Syslog logging: (0 dropped, 1 flushes, overruns) cabling, sp eeddisabled and du plex , umessages t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h,0 CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Console logging: level debugging, 10 messages logged App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Monitor logging: level debugging, 0 messages logged env iron ment s level messages logged DesigBuffer ned for logging: aspir ing CCNP anddebugging, CCI E( r) pr of9essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Trap logging: 13t hmessage lines Tr oubleshoot ing examlevel . Full ofinformational, pr act ical ex er cises at g et y ou r eadylogged f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealLog bytes): w or ldBuffer ap plicat(4096 ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w itchanged h p ract ical inf or mat 00:00:42: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, state to ion up on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

00:00:42: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up r2(config)#

You m ust con Table figur eoflog ging t o lim it t h e ov er head on you r r out er f or logging t o t he console, loggin g • Content s t o ot her t er minals ( mon it or) , and loggin g t o a sy slog serv er. I m en t ioned t he levels in Table 2 - 6; • I ndex som e of t he b asic com m ands ar e in Table 2 - 7. Also r efer back t o Figur e 2- 2 f or a logging illust r at ion CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing of t he ch apt er scenar io. By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Tab le 2 -7 . Con f igu r in g Loggin g

Pages: 84 0

Log gin g Com m a nd Ex pla na t ion log gin g ip ad dre ss Log t o sy slog ser ver . log gin g Log t o int ern al bu ff er w here t he new er logs ov erw r it e t h e older ones. Show [ * ]act ice for t he Hand bu ffe s-re ond pr log CCNP t o seeTrt he oubleshoot ou t put . ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. log gin g consol e Log t o con sole accor ding t o lev el specif ied. [ lev el] Wit h t his b ook, you can: log gin g m on it or Log t o vt y ( t erm inal) lin e accor din g t o lev el specif ied . [ lev el] Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w itghout act equip log gin t ra pt h[elev el]ualLog t o ment sy slog accor ding t o lev el specif ied. ( The f our t y pes of sy slog m essage ar e list ed lat er in t his sect ion. ) Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k no logg ing on Log ging enabled for console only . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies [ * ] log g in g

bu ff er ed includes an optional but recom mended com man d to incr ease the default 4 k memor y buffer

Diagn ose and oublesh oot actas u al pr oblem ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Just specify a newt rbuffer size, such 500, after thse by comfmand. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Redir ect in g er r or m essage an d d eb ug out p ut is cr it ical t o r out er perf or man ce. Rout ers are packet r u ct in org- dand ev elop ed par rob ion m et hods r esolv Tick et s The f ollow in g for w arUse derin s. stLogg debug e lem f or -t isolat r oubleshoot ing, nott of or d ay-et Tr o- ouble d ay r out ines. list r e- em ph asizes, fr om h ighest t o low est , t h e loggin g ov er head on t h e rou t er: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Con sole cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, vaut t y o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Sy slog env iron ment s I nt er nal b uff er logging Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( The Cisco r) I nt I OS er net gener w orkat Trou es fou bleshoot r t y pes inofg sy ( CI slog T) tm opessag ics t hat es: p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealwar e/ion harof dwLAN ar e and m alfu nct ions show at t h e er r or s lev el. w or ldSoft ap plicat WAN t op ics. nt er r ansit ions d sy stoot eminrest t s show aswnot CCNPI Pr actface ical tSt ud ies: Tr an oublesh g p rarovides y ou it h ificat p ractions. ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Reload requ est s an d st ack m essages show as inf orm at ional. Debu g ou t put show s as d eb ugg in g. Log ging is qu it e helpfu l w it h t r oublesh oot ing and is m or e t han ju st docum ent at ion . You sh ould look up y our m ost com m on sy slog ou t put at Cisco.com so t hat you can cor r elat e t hem int o y our net w or k m anagem ent pr ogr am and docum ent at ion t o help y ou quick ly ident ify p r oblem s. Next look at som e com mon debu g com m and s in t h e last I OS t rou blesh oot ing cat eg ory cov ered her e. •

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Cisco Debug Commands By Donna L. Har rington

Becau se of t he im pact on t h e pr ocessor and m emor y , only u se debug com man ds f or t r oubleshoot ing Pub lish er: Cisco Press t r aff ic flow or m isconf igur at ions, not f or n orm al d aily operat ion s. I d eally , debu g com m ands are Pub e: ing Aprilperiod 0 4, 20 03 helpf ul Dat d ur s w hen t here is not m u ch t r aff ic and not m any u ser s. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

You mPages: ust b e84in 0 p riv ileg ed exec ( enab le) m ode t o use it , and d eb ug requ ires p rocess sw it ching . Som debu g com m ands for ce you t o t ur n off f ast sw it ch in g en t irely t o receiv e debu g out pu t . Lik e logg in g, debu g d ef ault sy st em err or m essag es ar e sent t o t h e console. W hat t his r eally m eans is t h at ev er y char act er generat es a pr ocessor int er ru pt , w h ich in t ur n is a signif ican t p er for m ance h it . As m en t ioned in t h e logging sect ion , how ever , y ou can issu e a no logg ing console com m and and v iew t he debug out p ut t hr oug h a t eln et session. Use t e rm in al m oni t or ( t e rm m on) as necessary t o v ie Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble debu g ov er a vt y session ( li ne v t y 0 4 ) . You can ev en sp ool t he ou t pu t t o a sy slog ser v er w it h t he t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. com man d log gin g [ ip- add ress] . Wit h t his b ook, you can: The f ollow in g ex am ples off er som e p ract ical sugg est ions for u sin g d eb ug as a t rou blesh oot in g t ool. On e t hat I don 't plan t o capt u r e for y ou is de bug a ll . D o not issu e t his com man d in a pr oduct ion env iron . The im pact of a wsingle d ebwug ent has h e pot ent t o br rouic, t erw dow n, so Setment u p an d f ollow along it h realor ldst at labemscenar iost aligned t oial each exing amat op it h or y ou can im agine t h e im pact of de bug a ll . By t he w ay , u al l, shor t for un deb ug al l or no de bug al w it hout t h e act ual equip ment is how t o t u r n it off —t hat is, if you hav en' t r ender ed t h e rou t er unu sable. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Mak e use of y our h ist or y b uff er w it h debug. Typ e un deb ug al l, t u rn on t h e requ ired de bug par amI dent et er s, exam ple, t he Up Arpin r owg,ktey t o t sh ur ow n it, off . How u sef really depend s if yf or t r oublesh oot and ing tuarseget s using r ace, clear , debu g,ulant hdisotis her on how m an y coming m and s y ou t r oub leshoot t ools an dinuput t ilit aft ieser t y pin g un deb ug al l. Wh at ever t h e m et h od, m ak e sur e y ou t ur n debu g of f aft er t rou bleshoot in g. I n add it ion , if t he p art icular de bug com m and for ced y ou t o Diagn and t r oublesh ootno actipu al prtoblem s bycom f ollow ing along aut hmort ur n off f astose sw it ching w it h t he rou e- ca che m and, I high w lyitrhecom enpdr ovided y ou t ur n it on again.Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in in st r Ex u ctam or -ple d ev2elop p rob ions m t o le r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ging . Anot h er As y ou see 30,edserv icelem t im- isolat e st amp aret e hods av ailab for logg ing and debug t ool t hat m ak es t hem a lot m or e useful is t he Net w or k Tim e Prot ocol ( NTP) . I t is f r ee, so w h y not us f" t he w ir eant od sp ot ch n etfw issu tes it . Go" Snif t o Cisco.com sear oror" kNTP" o enable an d t rou blesh oot NTP. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Exa m pl e 2 - 3 0 . Pr act i cal de bug U si ng Tim e St am p s aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1(config)#service timestamps ? Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on debug debug messages Cisco( r) I ntTimestamp er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, log Pr actTimestamp messages CCNP ical St ud ies:log Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s centimestamps r1(config)#service t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot debug ? ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

datetime

Timestamp with date and time

uptime

Timestamp with system uptime

r1(config)#service timestamps debug datetime ? • •

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localtimeI ndex

Use local time zone for timestamps

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

msec L. Har rington By Donna

Include milliseconds in timestamp

show-timezone Pub lish er: Cisco Press Add time zone information to timestamp Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 r1(config)#service timestamps debug uptime ?

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Know ing and m inim izing t he im pact of t rou blesh oot ing t ools on device per for m ance should be par t can: yWit ourh pt his lan .b ook, Goodyou t ools r equir e car e and feeding, so r em em ber t o b alance t he im pact of w hat y ou need t o capt u re w it h dev ice over head. Debu g is a good ex amp le. When d eb ugg ing packet s, f or inst ance, use an ACL t o lim it t he ou t put scop e. ( See Ex am ple 2- 31. ) Caut ion: Alw ay s r em em b er t o p an w it h realw orug ld lab iosug aligned each am in t op ic, twof it ht hore t ur n tSet he tuool of df wf ollow it h t h along e com m and un deb al l,scenar no d eb al l, or t o just t ypex e no f ron w it hout t h e act ual equip ment specif icde bug com m and y ou w an t t o quit . Alw ay s p ract ice safe d eb ug. Cisco help s y ou ou t on t h is one in t h at debu g com m and s ar e not sav ed as par t of t h e NVRAM or st ar t up configu r at ion. You can Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k do any t hing y ou w ant on a t est net w or k, but a p rod uct ion net w ork is an ot her st or y. See t he Debug Com mI dent and ifRefer ence in oot Cisco.com d ocum en pin t at ion m or assist ance w it hg,debu You w ill get v er y y t r oublesh ing t ar get s using g, t rfor ace, sheow , clear , debu an d g. ot her fam iliar w it h sp ecific d eb ug out p ut in y our ow n t r oub leshoot in g scen ar ios and as t he n eed ar ises in t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies t he Trou ble Ticket s t o come in t h is book . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Exa m pl e 2 - 3 1 . Usin g a n ACL w i t h de bug Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1(config)#ip access-list extended limitdebug Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host 192.168.1.11 gt 1023 host 192.168.3.5 eq www aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host 192.168.3.5 eq www host 192.168.1.11 gt 1023 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1(config-ext-nacl)#exit Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1(config)#interface s0bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1(config-if)#no ip Tr route-cache CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-if)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1#term im por t antmon con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#debug ip packet limitdebug detail

Not ice in Ex am ple 2- 31 t hat t he nam ed ACL lim it d eb ug is cr eat ed, f ast sw it ch ing is disabled on t he int er face, and t he ACL is applied t o only t he debu g ou t pu t accord ing t o t h e pe rm i t st at em ent s •specif ied . This Table Content n otofonly limsit s t h e debug ov erh ead act ivit y on t h e box , b ut also lim it s t h e ex t r a lines •y ou n eed t o sear I ndexch t h rou gh t o f ind t he pr oblem . CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

The n ex L. t cou ple of exam p les By Donna Har rington

illust r at e som e com m on uses for d eb ug. You w ill h ave an op por t unit y use d eb ug t o d eb ug you r ow n pr oblems in t h e upcom ing Tr ouble Tick et s and in y our real- w or ld net w or ks. Ex am ple 2- 32 cap t ur es I CMP t r af fic. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 -0 Exa mI SBN: pl e 1-258- 720 3 2-0. 57de bu g i p i cm p Pages: 84 0

r2#debug ip icmp ICMP s-packet Hand on pr actdebugging ice for t he CCNP is onTr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2#ping 192.168.1.1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Type escape sequence to abort. Set u5, p an d f ollow along it h realld lab scenar ios aligned is t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Sending 100-byte ICMP wEchos tow or 192.168.1.1, timeout 2 seconds: w it hout t h e act ual equip ment !!!!! Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Success is 100 oot percent (5/5), = 32/34/36 ms I dentrate if y t r oublesh ing t ar get s usinground-trip pin g, t r ace, min/avg/max sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r2# Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 12:53:23: ICMP: replyI OS( rcvd, src 192.168.2.2 Cat aly st ( r ) OSecho and Cisco r ) Sof t w ar192.168.1.1, e com m and inpdst ut , ou t put , and loggin g 12:53:23: reply rcvd, 192.168.2.2 Use in stICMP: r u ct or -echo d ev elop ed p rob lem -src isolat192.168.1.1, ion m et hods t odst r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 12:53:23: " Snif f" ICMP: t he w ir echo e t o spreply ot n et wrcvd, or k issu src es 192.168.1.1, dst 192.168.2.2 Analy zeICMP: local and ot e access oblem s in Et hern et net ks, in clud ing issues w it h 12:53:23: echor em reply rcvd,prsrc 192.168.1.1, dstw or 192.168.2.2 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e dst 192.168.2.2 12:53:23: ICMP: echo reply rcvd, src 192.168.1.1, App ly a all lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r2#undebug env iron ment s All possible debugging has been turned off Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Ex am ple 2- 32 illust r at es t he fiv e I CMP Ech o Rep lies r eceived fr om 1 92. 1 68. 1. 1, w hereas Ex am ple 2 33 sh ows t he ou t put of de bug i p p ack e t . Pack e t any t hing m eans m or e d et ail an d st r ess on t he CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e dev ice; t heref ore, y ou m ust w eigh t he ov erh ead of t h e com m and t o you r t r oub leshoot ing n eeds. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 2 - 3 3 . de bu g i p pa ck e t

r2#debug ip packet • Table of Content IP packet debugging iss on •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti192.168.1.1 cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing r2#ping By Donna L. Har rington

Type escape sequence to abort. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

!!!!! I SBN:

1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/36/40 ms r2# 12:54:13: s=192.168.2.2 (Serial0), len sending Hand s- on prIP: act ice for t he CCNP Tr(local), oubleshootd=192.168.1.1 ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W100, AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 12:54:13: IP: s=192.168.1.1 (Serial0), d=192.168.2.2 (Serial0), len 100, rcvd 3 Wit h t his b ook, you can: 12:54:13: IP: s=192.168.2.2 (local), d=192.168.1.1 (Serial0), len 100, sending Set u p IP: an d fs=192.168.1.1 ollow along w it h (Serial0), real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each exlen am t op ic, wrcvd it h or3 12:54:13: d=192.168.2.2 (Serial0), 100, w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 12:54:13: IP: s=192.168.2.2 (local), d=192.168.1.1 (Serial0), len 100, sending Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 12:54:13: IP: s=192.168.1.1 (Serial0), d=192.168.2.2 (Serial0), len 100, rcvd 3 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ... Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Alt hou gh Ex am ple 2- 34 is ev en m or e st r essfu l, it pr ov ides det ailed ou t put . Fir st I issue a show de bug t o f" v ert he if y wt hat debug dsesar e cur r en t ly ru nnin g. Th en I issue t he de bug i p p ack e t " Snif ir e tno o sp ot n etcomm w or k an issu de t a il com m and. Not e t he sh aded ar ea show ing t h e Echo Reply I CMP cod e as 0 and t he Echo I CMP code Analy as 8 . ze Table local 2 - and 8 d escr r emibes ot e taccess he v ar ious pr oblem I CMP s in codes. Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

NO env TE iron ment s DesigSearch ned fort he aspir Cisco.com ing CCNPf or and " d CCI eb ug E( com r) prm ofand essionals, r efer ent ce" his ind f or isp m or enesab detleail. lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldmap and Exa plplicat e 2 -ion 3 4of. LAN de bu g WAN i p pat op ckics. e t det ai l CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2#show debug r2#debug ip packet detail IP packet debugging is on (detailed) r2#ping 192.168.1.1 •

Table of Content s

Type escapeI ndex sequence to abort. • CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: By Donna L. Har rington

!!!!! Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0is 4, 20 03 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/41/44 ms Success rate 100 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r2#

Pages: 84 0

03:13:46: IP: s=192.168.2.2 (local), d=192.168.1.1 (Serial0), len 100, sending 03:13:46:

ICMP type=8, code=0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 03:13:46: IP: s=192.168.1.1 (Serial0), d=192.168.2.2 (Serial0), len 100, rcvd 3 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 03:13:46: ICMP type=0, code=0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: 03:13:46: IP: s=192.168.2.2 (local), d=192.168.1.1 (Serial0), len 100, sending Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 03:13:46: code=0 w it hout t h e ICMP act ualtype=8, equip ment 03:13:46: Est ablish IP:a baseline s=192.168.1.1 and docu(Serial0), ment y our phd=192.168.2.2 ysical and logical (Serial0), n et w or k len 100, rcvd 3 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t arcode=0 get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 03:13:46: ICMP type=0, t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ... Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ard=255.255.255.255 e com m and inp ut , ou(Ethernet0), t put , and logginlen g 72, 03:13:52: IP: s=192.168.3.1 (local), Use in st r ubroad/multicast ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s sending " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 03:13:52: UDP src=520, dst=520 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 03:13:52: s=192.168.2.2 d=255.255.255.255 cabling,IP: sp eed and du plex , u(local), t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt(Serial0), h, CSMA/ CD,len on e-52, w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e sending broad/multicast App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 03:13:52: env iron mentUDP s src=520, dst=520 r2#undebug Desig ned for all aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen tTab ral t olet h 2 e -8 t r oubleshoot ing pe por tVa ionlu ofes t heaCCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g . I CM P Ty nd Codes

V a lue Code 0

Echo Reply

3

Dest inat ion unr each able Cod e 0 - net unr each able

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Cod eI ndex 1 - host unr each able

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Cod e 2 - pr ot ocol u nr eachab le

By Donna L. Har rington

Cod e 3 - por t unr eachable Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub DatCod e: April e 40-4,f 20 rag 03ment at ion

n eeded and DF set

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Cod e 5 - sour ce rou t e f ailed

Pages: 84 0

4

Sour ce Quench

5

Redir ect

6 Alt ern at e- addr ess Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 8 Echo on Request t icket s b ased Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 9 Rou t er - ad ver t isem ent Wit h t his b ook, you can: 10 Rou t er - solicit at ion 11

12 13

Set Tim u p eanex d ceeded f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Cod e 0 – TTL exceeded in t r ansit Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Cod e 1 – f r agm en t r eassem bly t im e exceed ed I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Parleshoot am et ering - prtoblem t r oub ools an d u t ilit ies

14

Tim est am p- r equest Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly Timstest ( r )am OS p- and r eplyCisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

15

orm ionequ ested p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s UseI nf in st r u at ct or - d rev elop

16

I nf orm at ion- r eply " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Mask - requ est Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Mask -sp reply cabling, eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Con ver sion - er r or

17 18 31 32

AppMob ly a ilelayrer t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g eded irect env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on The p rr) imIar ocuw s ork of t his chap t er isinon ools e tt hat o t he such asCCNP sh ow , ping , t r ace, log , Cisco( ntyerf net Trou bleshoot g (t CI T) innat t op ics p rCisco ep are IyOS, ou for t he and debu g. Th e gener ic out pu t of each h as been cov ered so far , but I w ill see t hat yon ou t he expj lor Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges ob,e m or e specif ics relat ing t o v ar ious p rot ocols an d t echn olog ies t hr ough out t his book . Because ot her t ools ar CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealalso v er y v aluable in t est ing and m anaging t h e net w or k, t he discussion now br ief ly t ur ns t o w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. har dw ar e t ools, net w or k m onit or s, pr ot ocol analy zers, n et wor k m an agement syst em s, sim ulat ion and m Pr odeling deskTrt op t ools,oot and r esour ces. et imical es one ool ion is not CCNP act icalt ools, St ud ies: oublesh in gotphr er ovides y ou w itSom h p ract inf ortmat on enoug all t h eh, or you m e access onet ral t oolt oand t he ot h er .ing Fir por st , thow , I CCNP w an t tcer o m ake sur y ou arinegfam ilia imay porhav t ant con cep t so cen t h e not t r oubleshoot ion ever of t he t ificat ion,e includ

w it h CCO.

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Table of Content s

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Cisco Resources Cisco enables y ou t o be pr oact iv e an d r eact iv e w h en it com es t o t rou blesh oot in g. Som e of t h eir r esour ces t o p r ev ent p r oblem s in clud e Cisco Con nect ion On lin e ( CCO) , t he Docum en t at ion CDROM, t he Cisco Net w or k ing Prod uct s Mar k et place, an d Cisco Techn ical Assist ance Cent er ( TAC) . •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Cisco Connection Online (CCO) By Donna L. Har rington

CCO ( w w w .cisco. com ) is a glob al int r anet accessible ov er t he I n t er net . I t cont ains such link s as Pub lish er:for Cisco Solut ions YouPress r Net wor k ; Ord er ing ; Tr aining , Ev ent s, and Sem in ar s; Cor por at e New s and Pub Dat e: April 4, 20 03 I nf orm at ion; Pr 0oduct s an d Techn olog ies; Ser v ice an d Su ppor t ; and Par t ner s and Resellers. 720 -0 57 -0 ies is a good place t o st art for t r oublesh oot ing. These pages deliver u pPr oductI SBN: s an1d 58 Techn olog t o- d atPages: e t ech84 nical infor m at ion t hat is cont inu ally u pdat ed by Cisco TAC engin eer s. Figur e 2- 3 0 show s t h e CCO hom e p age.

r eTr2oubleshoot - 3 . Ci sco ne an d W AN t r ouble Hand s- on pr act ice for t heFigu CCNP ingCon examne wct it hi on TCP/On I P, li LAN, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

[ View full size im age]

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ingr uct exam of red pr act ical exaerfir cises t h at g etin yclu oudes r eady f ore challenges oncht he j ob, The CCO infr ast ur e. Full is secu behind ew all t hat Secur Tr anspor t Ar it ect ur e CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal( STA) pr ovidin g a secur e t r ansact ion pipe b et w een t he w eb ser ver s on t he p ublic I nt er net an d w or ld ap plicat LAN and t op ics. in En glish , Ch in ese, Dan ish , Dut ch , Fin nish, Fr en ch , Cisco's int er nalion sy of st ems. CCOWAN is available Ger man , I t alian, Jap anese, Kor ean, Nor w egian, Por t u guese, Russian , Span ish, and Sw ed ish . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e How ev er , t he in it ial hom e pag e is in English; fr om t h e hom e pag e, you m ak e a select ion t o v iew im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

t he appr opr iat e t r anslat ed con t en t . Cisco pr ov ides guest access t o com pany an d pr oduct in for m at ion for t h e gener al pu blic and r eg ist er ed access f or cust om er s t hat h ave pur chased equ ip m en t , supp ort cont r act s, or w ho are sponsor ed b y a Cisco- aut h orized par t ner . Regist r at ion requ ir es a cor por at e n um ber . Regist ered users w ho log in are t aken t o t he m ain ser ver in San Jose, Calif or nia. CCO is g eog rap hically disper sed for response t im e. Ot h er ser ver s include Aust ralia, China, Fr ance, Hong Kong , Japan , Net herlan ds, Sout h Kor ea, and t he Unit ed Kingd om. Cisco suppor t cen t er s includ e San Jose, • Table of Content s Califor n ia; Raleigh, Nor t h Car olina; Bru ssels, Belgiu m; and Sy dney , Aust r alia. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

NO TE

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

The b ook does not dif fer en t iat e bet w een r eg ist er ed access an d guest access; it ju st I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 assu m es y ou ar e logged in w it h y our CCO accoun t w hich y ou can do fr om Cisco.com . A Pages: 0 CCO accoun t is a crit ical t ool for y our t ool bag . r eg ist er84ed

CCO is in HTML for m at , w h ich m ean s y ou can easily r et ur n t o d ocu ment s you hav e look ed at befor sinprg act b ookm ar kt s. histTroroubleshoot y f acilit y enables y ou eep ItP, r ack of w e look ed Hand es- uon ice for he The CCNP ing exam w itt oh kTCP/ LAN, anhat d Wyou AN hav t r ouble at in t h e past 6 0 day s. CCO is av ailab le on t he w eb or via CDROM. I t is t he b est place t o get t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. cur r en t docu ment at ion f or t ech nology , p rod uct s, con figu r at ion , com man ds, and t r oub leshoot in g. IWit t inhclud a sear ch can: en gine ( n ow pow er ed b y Google) . t hisesb ook, you Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld Cisco Documentation CD-ROM w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

The pEst or t ablish able v er of CCO, he Cisco entysical at ion and CD - logical ROM ( Doc a sion baseline and tdocu mentDocum y our ph n et wCD) or k, is av ailable t o you in m any w ay s, including t h e follow ing: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Regist ered Cisco dir ect cust om er s can ord er Cisco pr oduct docum ent at ion fr om t h e Net w ork Pr oduct s Mark Place: Diagn oseing and t r oublesh ootetact u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g w w w .cisco. com / cgi- bin/ or der / or der_ r oot .p l Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Regist ered cisco. com u ser s can ord er t he D oc CD t hr oug h t h e online Su bscr ipt ion St or e: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es w w w .cisco. com / go/ sub scr ipt ion Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Nonr egistspereed ed Cisco.com u ,ser can ion ordand er docum ent at b ion t hr idt ough,h CSMA/ a local CD, accoun cabling, and du plex u tsilizat collisions, andw on e-t w ay lin k, raut ep or esent at iv e by calling Cisco cor p orat e headqu art er s ( Calif orn ia, USA) at 4 08- 5 26- 7208 negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e or , elsew her e in Nor t h Am er ica, by calling 80 0- 55 3- NETS ( 638 7) . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g I p refer o goment t o wsw w .cisco. com / univ ercd/ hom e/ h om e. ht m f or t h e online v ersion t hat is upd at ed envt iron m or e fr equent ly . Th e follow ing are som e ex amp les of w h at is cont ain ed on t he Cisco Doc CD: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP I OS r elease n ot es, confof igur es, comt hmat and er ences, m and sum m Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full pr at action icalguexider cises g etr ef y ou r eady com f or challenges onaries t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDebu g com m and r ef er ence and sy st em er r or m essages w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Cisco MI B u ser q uick r ef er ence and access serv ices CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Qu ick conf igur at ion guid e Cisco pr odu ct cat alog Rou t er and hub inst allat ion and con figu r at ion g uides Sw it ch inst allat ion and config ur at ion g uides and MI B ref er ence guid es •

Table Content Client / serv erofsoft w ar es inst allat ion g uides

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ratudi ion es f or m emor CCNP PCon ra ctifigu cal St es:not Tr ouble shoot ing y

u pgr ades, net w or k int er face car ds ( NI Cs) , r ack- m ou nt k it s, and ot h er f ield upg rad eab le pr oduct s By Donna L. Har rington I p art icular ly like t he Tech nology sect ion , w hich in clu des select ion s such as Techn ology , Desig n, lishion, er: Cisco Press I nstPub allat Tr oub leshoot ing , Case St u dies, an d a Term s an d Acr ony m s pag e. The Pub Dat e: com April /0univ 4, 20 03 www .cisco. ercd/ cc/ t d / doc/ cisint w k / it g_ v1 / in dex. h t m URL is m ost r elev ant t o su ppor t t opics; I SBN: it cov 1-er 58 s 720 t r-0 oubleshoot 57 -0 ing any t hin g. Sear ch f or " int er net w ork t rou blesh oot ing guide. " Pages: 84 0

NO TE HandThose s- on profact ice going for t heforCCNP oubleshoot it hCCI TCP/ P, pert LAN, an d W AN t r ouble y ou a hanTrdson Cisco ing t estexam , su ch was E (I Ex ) or CCSI t icket(sI nst b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r uct or ) , m ust f am iliar ize y our self w it h t he D oc CD. Just lik e in m an y real t r oub leshoot ing env iron m en t s, w hile und er gr eat pr essur e an d t ry ing t o con ser v e t ime, Wit h itt his you bcan: isn'btook, in y our est in t erest t o w ait f or t he sear ch eng in e t o find w hat you w ant if y ou don 't ev en kn ow t he cat egor ies av ailab le. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The Cisco sit e cont ain s m any h er ment help ful w eb es w it h logical w h ich ynou Est ablish a baseline and ot docu y our phpag ysical and et wshou or k ld b e fam iliar, fr om bot h a pr act ical and t est st andp oin t . Tak e a look at a few of t hem h er e, bu t I st ill h ighly r ecomI dent m en if d yt hat you gooot get andg,exp lore sh w how at , hclear as happ en ed since his b ook w as t r oublesh inga tCCO ar getaccount s using pin t r ace, , debu g, an d otther pu blish ed . For exam ple, Cisco consider s t he D oc CD so im por t ant t hat a link is n ow av ailable t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies fr om t heir m ain Cisco.com sit e. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

CCOUse Marketplace in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

CCO Mar k et al ece es p or t al for online or der ing and m anagem en t t o giv e y ou " Snif f" place t he w is ir eat g o lob sp ot n etcomm w or k er issu 24 - hour by 7- d ay online p ur chasin g, 3 65 day s a y ear . Ex plor e t he Net w or k in g Prod uct s Mar k et p lace www .cisco. go/ m arpr ket p lace, w her e y ou canwplace m anag e or ders Analy zeatlocal and r emcom ot e /access oblem s in Et hern et net or ks, and in clud ing issues w it hfor pr oducabling, ct s and ser v ices. Go t o t h e Cisco Mer ch andise st or e at Land' s En d t o or der shir t s, hatlin s, k, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay bag s, aut jack et s, an d ot her appar el. Lan d' s End is ev en m ak in g u se of Cisco t ech nology w it h t heir o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e click - t o- t alk cust om er- ser vice feat u re. Sh op at t he online Gif t St or e f or Cisco m er chan dise. er eding t rou ootedu ingcat met h odology t o r ealt ing and swit Ch eckApp outlyt haelay Learn Stblesh or e for ion al m at erials, andlife t h rou e Subscr ipt ion Stchin ore gt o k eep up on sales env an diron marment k et ins g mat er ials or t o get h ard copies of m uch of w h at is on t h e w eb . Subm it or der s elect r onically or f ax y our or der s t o Cisco. Mark et place includes st at u s, pr icing , Desig r) pr of essionals, conf igned ur atfor ion,aspir serving ice CCNP or der, and and CCI ser E( v ice p art s agent s. t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of figu pr act ical er cises t herate gyet ou r veady f or dw challenges he j ob, The Mark et place Dy nam ic Con rat ionex Tool is w h ouycan iew har ar e conf igon ur table CCNP Prby actpical udf ies: Tr. oublesh in gf rgom ivesany y ou an an edg t hesell com petwh it ion t hr ough ealm odels rodSt uct am ily You canoot buy one, d et hov eyerwill y ou at ever y ou rt ell or ld. ap plicat of LAN and kWAN twhem How everion , how do you now yt op ouics. hav e all t h e par t s an d w h et h er t hey all w or k t oget her ? I f y ou con figur e it her e, you k now it w ork s. Ch eck ou t CCO Or dering inf or mat ion f or m ore det ails. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Technical Assistance Center (TAC) The TAC ( w w w .cisco. com / t ac) con t ains a wealt h of t ech nical inf orm at ion, t ools, and resour ces t o assist you w it h solv ing y our ow n pr oblem or p rop er ly escalat ing it t o Cisco. Glance t h r ough t he m ajor sect ions in Figur e 2- 4 , w hich include Har dw ar e Sup por t , Sof t w are Supp ort , and Tech nology Su ppor t . Exp lore t he Tools & Ut ilit ies sect ion , t he Soft w ar e Cent er , check out What ' s Hot in TAC, and cont act TAC all f rom t he n ew ly r emod eled TAC p ages. •

Table of Content s

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Figu r e 2 - 4 . Ci sco TAC

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

[ View full size im age]

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Hardware, Software, and Technology Support Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, and du plex t ilizatort ion, and and Tech collisions, andw idtt h, CSMA/ CD,eronr eays,lin k, The Har dw ar esp Sueed ppor t , Sof t w ar,euSupp nologyb Su ppor sect ions cov ouwt er negot iat ion, essing , encapsulat ion, es, andmmor e y an d CPU issues, f in d sp ecific er r or sw it chaut es,o an d secur it y. addr Quickly t r ou bleshoot crash emor m essages, and r ecov er fr om a lost passw ord all f r om t he Har dw ar e Su ppor t pages. The Sof t w ar e App a layoff erer edsut rou blesh ingI OS, metCiscoWor h odologyks, t o an r eallife rou t ing and chin g Sup por t plyages ppor t foroot t he d CallManager . Getswit easy access t o t he env iron ment s Soft war e Cen t er and popu lar dow nload ut ilit ies. Desig ned Soft for aspir CCNP andenient CCI E( pres of essionals, ind ispct ens,sab le nloads, lab g uide b uilds on The CCO w ar e ing Cent er conv lyr)giv y ou accesst his t o pr odu dow u t ilit ies, and Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP gener al inf orm at ion , such as rev ision lev els and m ajor u pgr ad es t o t he I OS. Get y our quest ions Tr oubleshoot ing pr exam . Full cises m t hor at egabout et y ounam r eady challenges on texam he j ob, answ ered about ot ocol an of d f pr eatact ur ical e setex s.erLearn ingf or conv ent ions. For p le, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eala f ilen ame has t h ree par t s, separ at ed b y dashes, such as x xx x - y yy y - w w , w her e w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNPxPr udmies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e xxact x -ical PlatSt for im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

w w w .cisco. com / w arp / cust om er / 43 2/ plat f or m. h t ml y yy y - Feat ur es w w w .cisco. com / w arp / cust om er / 43 2/ f eat u res. ht m l w w - Form at ( w her e it ex ecut es f r om if com pr essed) • •

Tablecom of Content w w w .cisco. / w arp s/ cust om er / 43 2/ f orm at . ht ml I ndex

Ear lier discussed LD, shoot an d ing GD and how I recom mend GD f or pr odu ct ion deploy m en t an d t he CCNP P raI cti cal St udi es:ED, Tr ouble ot her s f or new f eat u r es n ot av ailable y et in GD. Tr y ou t t h e I OS Upgr ad e Planner . I t h as gone By Donna L. Har rington fr om a simp le FTP ser v ice t o deliver a fix t o a cust om er t o a w ond er fu lly org anized t ool for CCO users. Th e Har dw ar e- Sof t w ar e Com pat ibilit y Mat rix , t h e Soft w ar e I m age Nam ing Conv ent ions, er: Cisco Press andPub t hlish e Cisco I OS Road m ap all are w or t h y of you r exp lor at ion. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Tech nology I SBN: 1Su 58ppor 720 -0t57off -0 er s assist an ce wit h r out in g p rot ocol t rou blesh oot ing, vir t ual pr ivat e net w orPages: ks ( VPNs) , ACLs, VLANs, I PSec, and so on . 84 0

Tools and Utilities TAC pr Hand s-ovid on pr esact man ice yfor inst t he allat CCNP ion , Tr conf oubleshoot ig ur at ion,ing assessm exam w enitth, tTCP/ r oubIleshoot P, LAN,ing an, dand W AN case t r ouble t icket m anagem s b ased ent on t ools Cisco t o solv I n t ern e. Th et w eyorare k Trbet oubt er leshoot cat egin orized g ( CI T) t han t opics. ever , as illust r at ed in Figur e 2- 5 , and y ou can r each m any v ia t h eir own link s. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Figu r e 2 - 5 . TAC Tools Li nk w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k [ View full size im age]

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Av ailab le in st allat ion t ools includ e m em or y calcu lat ors an d fir mw ar e com pat ibilit y t ools, an SNMP object n avig at or, and a d iscussion f or um f or net w or king p rof essionals. An Open Sour ce I nit iat iv e Com m unit y r eleases t heir ow n t ools, scr ipt s, an d u t ilit ies. You can look u p conf ig ur at ion guidelines, cr eat e cust om ized com man d ref er ence docum ent s, sign up t o receiv e aut om at ic p rod uct f ield not ices, and r eq uest soft w ar e and h ard war e u pgr ades an d docum ent at ion . Use t h e I OS Roadm ap, Upg rad e Planner , Soft war e Ad visor , and Sof t w are Cen t er t o obt ain t he r igh t soft w ar e. At t end online TAC semin ars and dow nload t he Cisco TFTP ser ver . I n •add it ion t o some Table of of Content t he insts allat ion t ools, t he conf ig ur at ion t ools off er an I P su bnet calculat or . •

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Assess CCNP P raycti our cal nStetudi w or es:kTrand ouble f ind shoot out ing w het her it is p rop er ly d esigned for high- av ailabilit y t elep hony or search all t h e TAC k now ledgebases f or t ech nical issues. The t rou blesh oot ing t ools ar e m ost By Donna L. Har rington r elev ant t o t h is book ( see Figur e 2- 6 ) . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Figu r e 2 - 6 . TAC Tr oubl esh oot in g Tools

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

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Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Man y of t he t ools speak f or t hem selv es, and ot her s are descr ibed h er e w er e discu ssed on App ly a lay er ed can t roudblesh h odology t o r eallifer rou t ing andfield swit chin g pr eviou s pages. You ecodeoot ering r or met m essages, r eceive bug ep ort s and not ices env iron ment s aut om at ically, and receiv e inst an t analy sis of com m and out put en t ered in t o t h e Out p ut I nt er pr et er . You can aut om at ically d ecode rou t ing infor m at ion field s ( RI Fs) , st ack t races, and Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on int er act iv ely diagn ose com m on net w ork p r oblem s w it h t he Trou blesh oot ing Assist ant and Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Wir eless Tr oublesh oot ing Cent er . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP ical St ud Tr oublesh oottin g holdg ivesmy you an dedg er tthe pet it ion ing t hr .ough r ealThe Tr Pr ouact bleshoot in gies: Assist ant t akes he - han ap eprov oach o tcom r oubleshoot I t p rom pt s w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. y ou f or q uest ion s t o h elp nar r ow dow n t h e pr oblem. You can nar r ow d own p rob lem s t o pr ot ocols, plat f orm s, har dw ar e, conf ig ur at ion, p er f orm an ce, an d so on. The Trou blesh oot ing CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Assist ant t ak es you r inpu t an d scor es t he likely solut ions. A scor e of 10 0 is t he hig hest , so 90 is im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

v er y lik ely a solu t ion t o t he pr oblem ( assu min g y ou pu t in t he r igh t cr it er ia) . Ex plor e t h e Net w or k ing Prof essionals Connect ion or open d iscussion f or um s. This is t h e Ciscoapp rov ed place t o ask f or adv ice. You can ask wh o h as done or used w hat and w hat w eir d t hin gs t hey h ave encoun t ered. You can look for cu st omer ex periences in t he open for um . CCI Es lu rk her e ( m ost ly t hose w ho w ork f or Cisco) . Join in on Tech Talk s, Ask t he Exp er t , and sig n u p f or fr ee sem inar s. •

Table of Content s The Ad van ced Search Tool enab les y ou t o search all f ile t yp es or nar r ow t hem d ow n t o case •st udies, conf ig I ndex ur at ion ex am ples, field not ices, passwor d r ecov ery , Q&A, secu r it y adv isor s, t ech CCNP Staper udi es: ouble shoot not es,P rawcti hitcal ep s, Trand mor e. ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

NO TE

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: se 84 0websit es chang e daily , t his sect ion is v ery h ar d t o k eep cur rent in t er m s of Becau pu t t ing it in pr int . How ev er , t he poin t is t h at Cisco d oes a gr eat j ob of pr oact iv ely pr ov iding w hat you need t o solve you r ow n pr oblem s. I t is up t o y ou t o u se t he t ools av ailab le. St art at Cisco.com , login w it h you r CCO account and go fr om t h er e.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Contacting TAC

Wit h t his b ook, you can: The TAC case m anagem en t t oolk it is av ailable f rom man y pag es, includ in g t he Cisco h ome p age, and enables y ou o d ir ect ly access t he TAC. t o op en qu er y , or pdat eexaam case, Set u p an d ftollow along w it h realw or ldUse labitscenar ios, aligned t o ueach t op an ic, dwhitave h or TAC pr oact iv ely not if y you r egar ding y our op en cases. Select t his and t h e RMA/ Ser vice Or d er w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Tools r ight off t h e TAC sit e. Most people r ar ely p ick u p t he ph one t o call t he TAC un less t h ey hav e Est a dead b ox. On t he wand eb, docu you ment hav e ay our casephhysical ist or y and and logical so d o tnh et eyw; or you ablish a baseline k r comm u nicat ion is not ju st v er bal, and it w or ks rat her w ell. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Gat h er youleshoot r fact s:ing y our main cont r act inf or mat ion , t he eq uipm ent p r oduct an d ser ial t r oub t ools antdenuance t ilit ies nu mb er , an y pr oblem det ails, and so on . Use t h e show t e ch- sup port com m and on a n orm al box an Diagn d t hen oseonand a pr t roblem oubleshbox oot. act Useu al t heprshow oblemtse by ch-f sup ollowport ing along com m w and it h on autthhe or-pprob r ovided lem box so t hat yCat ou aly arestr(eady r ) OSf or and any Cisco t h in gI OS( t he rCisco ) Sof t w Sup ar epor com t Engin m andeer inp( CSE) ut , oum t put ay ,ask and. You loggin hav g e t o kn ow w hat w ork s an d w h at n orm al p er f orm an ce lev els ar e so t hat you can id en t ify an d f ix pr oblem s. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Op en a case at a specif ic pr ior it y lev el and not e t he case nu mb er . Use t he TAC case m anagem en t f" t he w ir eup t odat sp e ot itn. etTable w or k 2issu es s Cisco sup por t p rior it y levels. E- m ail is w ond er f ul, t oolk it" Snif t o quer y and - 9 list bu t t h er e m ust be som e r eason comp anies giv e t heir supp ort people t h ose cell ph ones. Think local and r emaothig e access s in EtI fhern et one net wisordks, clud w it h place abou tAnaly t h at ze w hen y ou h ave h- pr iorpr it yoblem pr oblem. ev ery ow ninan d ing out ,issues y ou bet t er a call.cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Tab le 2 -9 . Cisco Supp or t Pr i or i t y Le v el s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Prior it y Se v er it y

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Pr oduct ion net w or k dow n

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Pr oduct ion net w or k sev erely degr aded

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Net w ork perf or man ce degr aded

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

NO TE

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat April 0 4,e20 Tak ee:t he t im t o03w or k

w it h t he case man agem en t t oolk it b ecause an online r ecord f or each I SBN:case 1- 58 720 is a-0v57aluable -0 t ool for you and t h e CSE. Cont act TAC v ia p hone, f ax , e- mail ( tPages: ac@cisco. com ) , or via t he w eb ( w w w .cisco. com / t ac) . Go t o TAC an d pr in t ou t t h e 84 0 ph one nu m bers for y our locat ion so t hat y ou hav e t hem han dy .

I h ave st r essed repeat edly t h at Cisco w ant s you t o help y our self w it h t h e t ools t hey giv e y ou Hand on and pr actimp ice rov for ed t het ools CCNP oubleshoot ing all exam it he)TCP/ I P, LAN, dW r ouble ( and sn ew areTrcom ing online t he w t im . Because no an one is AN pertfect an d tbecause icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. m any com m ands an d t ools are und ocu ment ed or d id not m ak e it in t he p rod uct in t im e for release, a v alid CCO account w ill pr ov e ver y benef icial t o y ou w h en conf ig ur ing, mon it orin g, Wit h t his b ook, you can: and debu ggin g y our net w ork s. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Project DOTU What abou t t h e un docum en t ed st uf f t hat people t ell y ou about ? Wher e can you get mor e inf orm at ion on t hat ? For t his, t her e is a Proj ect DOTU: D ocu m en t t h e Un docum ent ed at w w w .b oer land .com / dot u ( see Figur e 2- 7 ) . Pr oj ect DOTU is a viab le opt ion; how ever , I am not b y •any m eans su Table of ing Content ggest t hats you t r y all t h e un docum en t ed com m ands in a pr oduct ion net w or k. •Tak e a look at I ndex t he Boer land sit e and also go t o Yah oo! or Google som et im e t o sear ch f or " cisco CCNP P ra ctien calt ed. St udi un docum " es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Figu r e 2 - 7 . Pr oj ect D O TU

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

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Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sp geed , urt out ilizat andt r collisions, on e-on w ay As ancabling, exam ple, o t oand oneduofplex y our erion s and y sh i nt swb andw i t ch inidt g h, t o CSMA/ see swCD, it ching an lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e int er face- by - int erf ace, pr ot ocol- b y- pr ot ocol basis. Ex am ple 2- 35 sh ows t he ou t put of t his on one of m y 25 00s in t he t est lab. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa pl for e 2aspir - 3 5ing . sh in t and sw CCI it chi ngprOu t pu t t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desigm ned CCNP E( r) of essionals, Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2>sh int switching w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Ethernet0 CCNP Pr act ical r2 St e0udto ies:HostC Tr oublesh Win98Dell oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Throttle count

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Protocol

By Donna L. Har rington

Other Pub lish er: Cisco Press

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

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Hand s- on pr actCache ice for misses t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Fast 0 0 0 0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Auton/SSE

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Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ARP Process 0 0 2 120 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment misses Est ablish Cache a baseline and docu ment y0our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Fast 0 pin g, t r ace,0 sh ow , clear ,0debu g, an d ot 0 her I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Auton/SSE 0 0 0 0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided CDP Process 0 inp ut , ou 383 114134 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof 0 t w ar e com m and t put , and loggin g Use in st r uCache ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s misses 0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu0es Fast

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Analy ze localAuton/SSE and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern w it h 0 0 et net w or ks, 0 in clud ing issues 0 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o r2 negot ion,to addr , encapsulat ion, and mor e Serial0 s0 iat DCE r1essing s0 DTE App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Throttle count 0 env iron ment s Drops RP 0 SP 0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP SPD Flushes Fast 0 SSE 0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSPD Aggress Fast 0 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. SPD Priority Inputs CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p0r ovides Drops y ou w it h p ract ical0inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Protocol

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Auton/SSE

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

IP

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

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CDP

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam 0w it h TCP/ I P,0LAN, an d W AN Fast 0 0 t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Auton/SSE 0 0 0 0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Interface Serial1 is disabled Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

NO t r oub TE leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ob Diagn viously ose , and some t r oublesh of t heseoot com actmuand al prs oblem are prsobably by f ollow u ndocum ing along ent ed w itfor h aut a rheason; or- p r ovided so if yCat ou aly in sist st ( r, )mOS ak eand surCisco e y ourI OS( j ob ris ) Sof n ott w onarteh ecom lin m e. and By tinp he ut w ay , ou , tthput is is , and w hat loggin t est glabs ar e for . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es The f ollow in g sect ion m ov es t he f ocus aw ay f rom Cisco- specific com man ds an d w ebsit es for zeing local r em ot net e access pr oblem s in Etas hern net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h t r oub Analy leshoot andand look s at w ork man agement a t et ool. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Network Management The g oals of t his sect ion ar e t o int r oduce y ou t o t h e I nt er nat ional Org anizat ion for St and ard izat ion ( I SO) f unct ional ar eas of net w or k m anagem ent and t o b riefly ex plor e su ch t ools as CiscoWor ks and WANDL ( Net sy s Baseliner ) . •

Table of Content s

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

ISO Functional Areas of Network Management By Donna L. Har rington

The I SO has f ive key f unct ional areas of net w or k m anag em ent , as follow s: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Fau lt 1m58 a na m-0en t is ver y applicable t o t r oubleshoot ing. A fau lt is defined as any I SBN: 720ge -0 57 abn orm al ev ent . Th e fau lt m ay be in dicat ed by com pon en t f ailu r es t hat g en er at e lot s of Pages: 84 0 err or s. Repor t fault s as t hey occu r . Wher e did it occur ? Can y ou isolat e t he pr ob lem an d m inim ize t he im pact on ot h er s? I s t he fau lt an abn orm al ev ent ; is t her e an ex cessive nu mb er of er r or s? Should y ou repair or replace? Mu st y ou u pgr ad e har dw ar e, upg rad e soft w ar e ( I OS) , or con figu r e for p er f orm an ce t o fix t he pr oblem ? Hand son pr act ice m fora na t hegeCCNP ing, exam it h device TCP/ I P,utLAN, an dand W AN ouble Account i ng m en tTrmoubleshoot easur es user g rou p,w or ilizat ion r egt rulat es t icket rsesour b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ces and qu ot as app rop riat ely . Wit h tConfi his b ook, gur atyou i oncan: an d n am e m a nag em e nt h elp y ou accoun t f or such it em s as conf igur at ion files, chang es in r esp onse t o p er f orm ance ev aluat ions, pr od uct and I OS upg rad es, an d fault r ecov ery . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w er it hout actm ual ment P formt h ae nce anequip ag em e nt is about m easur ing and m ak in g su re accept able lev els of t hr ou ghpu t , r esp onse t im e, and ut ilizat ion ar e m aint ain ed . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Se curi t y m an ag em e nt r elat es t o cont rolling access accor din g t o secur it y st an dar ds and I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her policies as t o n ot be sab ot aged. I t also assist s in m aking sensit iv e inf or mat ion accessible t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies only t o aut h orized par t ies. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Net w ork man agement can be pr oact ive or r eact iv e. As a sup por t p er son, y ou m ust d et er m ine a Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g good balan ce of m on it oring d ev ices as t o not int er fer e w it h t he m ain fun ct ion of t h e device. For exam ple, t h e m ain p ur pose of a r out er is t o r out e p acket s. Too m u ch m onit or ing and polling Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s t ak es pr ecious resour ces t h at m ay n ot b e available. On t h e ot her h and, n et wor k m an agement pr ogr "am s f" such nf o es Cent er ( CI C) , an d HP OpenView can sim plify Snif t he as w irCiscoW e t o spork ot ns,etCisco w or k Iissu conf ig ur at ion, m onit or ing , and t r oub leshoot ing . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e CiscoWorks App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g CiscoWork s, tment h e Cisco net w or k man agem en t sy st em ( NMS) , deliver s dev ice m onit or ing and env iron s m anagem ent pr oduct s as w ell as conf igur at ion and f ault m anag em ent t ools. Pr oduct s such as HP Op en View an daspir Sp ect areand comCCI petE( it or s. Desig ned for ingr um CCNP r) pprr oduct of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP CiscoWork s includ es sev er alof w ebb ased solu t ions ttharatget edy at igurf or ingchallenges , m onit or ing, Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full pr act ical ex er cises g et ou conf r eady on tan hedj ob, tCCNP r oub leshoot ing LAN and WAN env ir onm ent s. Go t o a sear ch eng ine such as Google an d ch Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr oughsear r ealfor " ciscow ork s, " w hich sh ould br ing you t o Cisco.com t o help you u nder st an d, m onit or , an d w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r eact t o p rob lem s. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e The LAN t Solut includ es ing t he por nGen iu sofReal e Mon or , Cam Manager , im por t antMan conagem cep t sencen t ral tion o t h( eLMS) t r oubleshoot t ion t he Tim CCNP cer titificat ion, pus includ in g

Dev ice Fault Manag er , Cont ent Flow Monit or , CiscoView , an d Resour ce Man ager Essen t ials. LMS is par t of t he CiscoWor ks fam ily of pr oduct s f or f ault an d con figu rat ion m anagem ent and t r oub leshoot ing of cam pus LANs and is a follow - on t o t h e CiscoWor k s for Sw it ch ed I nt er net w ork s ( CWSI ) bun dle. nGen iu s Real Tim e Mon it or is w eb - en abled an d d eliv ers Rem ot e Monit or ing ( RMON) inf orm at ion fr om RMON- enab led Cat aly st sw it ch es, in t er nal m odules, and ext er nal p rob es. n Genius in clud es t r aff ic dir ect or and packet analy zer ap plicat ion s. Use it t o collect RMON st at ist ics, analy ze t r aff ic • Table of Content s pat t er ns, an d r epor t lon g- t er m t r end analysis. You can set t h r esholds on p or t s for er r or s, • I ndex br oadcast s, collisions, and so f or t h; mon it or pr oact ive alar m s bef ore t hey aff ect users. Wh at a CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing w ay t o keep t abs on br oadcast t r af fic! A good r ule of t hu m b is t h at b road cast t r aff ic sh ould not By beDonna m or eL.t hHar anrington 2 0 percent of t he t ot al t r aff ic per seg ment . Use n Genius Pack et Analy zer t o t r oub leshoot pr ot ocol- relat ed issues. The pr od uct r un s on Micr osoft , SunOS, Solaris, HP/ UX, and I BMAIlish X.er: Cisco Press Pub Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Cam pu s Manag er inclu des Lay er 2 t ools for con figu ring , m anag in g, an d u nder st anding t h e I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 inf rast r uct ur e. Exp ort t he m ap s t o Visio, VLAN, LAN Emu lat ion ( LANE) , an d ATM ser v ices an d 84 0 assig nPages: sw it ch p or t s. Aut odiscover y and t op olog y m apping enab le you t o get link an d device st at us b ased on SNMP p ollin g. Diag nost ic t ools allow aut om at ic locat ion and cor r elat ion f or user inf orm at ion based on MAC, I P, login nam e, and ph ysical locat ion . Con figu re, m onit or , an d m anage VLANs t he dr ag- and - dr op w ay and comp ile st at ist ics w it h t he VLAN Dir ect or . Figur e 2- 8 show s a list of VLANs. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit hFigu t his brook, e 2 -you 8 . can: Ci scoW or k s

VLAN M an a gem e nt w it h Ca m pus M a na ge r Topology Ser v ices

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment [ View full size im age]

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por conManag cep t s er cen( DFM) t ral t ogtiv h es e t ryoubleshoot por t ion of t he CCNP cer ion, in g Dev icet ant Fault ou r eal- t iming e, pr oblem - f ocused f ault ant ificat aly sis. I ninclud t elligent

t r aps ar e sent t o e- m ail/ pager gat ew ay s or d isplay ed in t h e alarm win dow . Con t en t Flow Mon it or off ers load balan cin g an d p er f orm an ce m on it oring . CiscoView is a GUI for m onit or in g all Cisco devices, in clu ding on- d em and access t o CCO f or new and up dat ed device supp or t ( see Figur e 2- 9 ) . I t inclu des gr aph ical device m anagem ent , includin g f r ont an d back panel d isp lay s; p er f orm an ce m an agement t hr oug h ut ilizat ion st at ist ics, fr am es t r ansm it t ed an d r eceiv ed , err or s, and so on ; and y ou can chan ge conf ig ur at ions ( f or • Table of Content s exam ple, r out es, VLANs, an d d uplex set t ings) . •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Figu r e 2 - 9 . Ci scoV ie w Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

[ View full size im age]

Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r ce oubManager leshoot ing t oolsials an d u t ilit ies Resour Essent ( RME) st r eam lin es in vent ory , d ev ice con figu rat ion , and soft w ar e up dat es. I t is com pr ised of applicat ions such as: I nv ent or y Manag er , Chang e Audit , Device Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Con figu rat ion Man ager, Soft w ar e I m age Man ager, Availabilit y Man ager, Syslog Analyzer , and Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cisco Man agement Con nect ion . RME is bu ndled w it h CiscoWor k s and is also av ailab le as a st andalon e st prrodu ct .- d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use in u ct or RME int eg rat ct sn su HP es OpenView , CI C, I BM Net View , an d SunNet Manager t o " Snif f" tes he wwitirhe pr t oodu sp ot et wchoras k issu solve f ault , conf igur at ion, and per for m ance m anagem en t issues. I t even giv es you a pict ur e of t he device, w hich w onr em derfotule faccess or b asicprconn ect y st at us seewFigur 1 0)ing . issues w it h Analy ze localisand oblem s iv init Et hern et (net or ks,ein2-clud cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

e 2blesh - 1 0oot . Resour M ant age r Esse t ia ls E) g App ly a layFigu er ed rt rou ing met hce odology o r eallife rount ing and( RM swit chin env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on View age] Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( [CI T) tfull op size ics tim hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. The t wbarook, e I mag Manag er goes out t o Cisco's w eb sit e t o analy ze and r un a cr on job f or w hen Wit hSof t his youecan: y ou w an t t o sch ed ule t he upg rad e. I t giv es t he b est mat ch , w hich ob viou sly speeds up soft war e deploy m en t . This t ool pr ov id es ch ange con t rol for sof t w are and con figu rat ion s. I t act ually p an d f tollow w itthhey realor ldh in lab accouSet nt s uf or t h at ech walong h o said didw not g. scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her NO TE t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Cam pu s Bun dle for AI X/ HP- UX is sim ilar t o t h e LMS av ailab le for Win dow s NT an d t he Diagnisose andint rgoublesh al des pr oblem s by f ollow along w it h aut p r ovided Solar operat sy st emoot s. I act t inuclu Tr affic Direct or ,ing Cam pu s Manag erh, orRME, an d Cat aly st ( r.) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g CiscoView Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" WAN t he wMan ir e tagement o sp ot n etSolut w or kion issu es The Rout ed includes n Gen ius Real Tim e Mon it or, Access Cont r ol List Man ager, I n t er n et w or k Per for m ance Monit or ( I PM) , CiscoView , and RME. I PM em p ower s net w or k Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h engineer s t o p roact iv ely t rou blesh oot r esp onse t im e and av ailab ilit y issues. I PM's ser ver cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, com ponent r uns on Sun Solar is and Wind ows NT/ 200 0. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e The Ser v ice Man agem en t Solut ion includes Ser vice Lev el Manag er and CiscoView . You can d ef ine App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g and m onit or ser vice level ag reement s ( SLAs) , specif y in g t raf fic t yp es an d t hr esh old s bet w een env iron ment s ent er pr ise n et w or k s or int er nal or ext er nal end point s. Sof t w ar e agent s p rov ide j ob man agem en t and collect ion. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP CiscoWork s QoS Policy Manager ( QPM) in clud es perf or man ce pr ot ect ion for voice, v id eo, and Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, dat a app licat ions t hr ough policies and desig n g uide r ecom m endat ion s. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat LAN and WAN t op ics.includes a VPN Monit or , RME, CiscoView, and Cisco The VPN/ Securion it y of Man agement Solut ion Secu re Policy Man ager Lit e. Th is solut ion is f or cust om er s w ho r eq uir e r em ot e access an d sit e- t oCCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e sit e VPNs based on I PSec, Lay er 2 Tu nneling Pr ot ocol ( L2 TP) , and Point - t o- Poin t Tu nneling im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Pr ot ocol ( PPTP) or deploy ment and m anag em ent of perim et er secur it y using t h e Cisco PI X fir ew all. CiscoWork s h as ot her ad van ced applicat ions. The Def ault Fau lt Man ager ( DFM) is par t of t h e LAN solut ion or an add- on f or pr oblem - focused f ault analy sis. I nt ellig en t t rap s ar e sent t o em ail/ pager gat ew ay s or d isplay ed in t h e alarm win dow . The User Regist r at ion Tool allow s f or dy nam ic assig nm ent of VLANs based on user login. CiscoWor k s Voice Manag er ( CVM) is a v oice m anagem ent and repor t ing solut ion. I t pr ov ides adv anced capab ilit ies t o con figu re and pr ovision • Table of Content s v oice p ort s and creat e an d m od if y dial plans f or Voice over I P, Fr am e Relay , an d ATM. The ACL • I ndex Man ager is an add- on t o RME, but a com pon en t of t h e Rout ed WAN Managem ent b und le. I t CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing off ers a w eb in t er f ace t o m anag e access list s. Sear ch f or " ciscow or ks" at Cisco.com t o exp lore By Donna L. app Har rington t he ot her licat ions an d t he u p- t o- dat e bun dles. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e:Baseliner April 0 4, 20 03 (Now WANDL) Netsys I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 Cisco acquir ed0 Net sy s and ann ounced an end - of- life p lan in Nov em ber 2 000 . Cisco is now par t n er ing w it h WANDL for t h e follow ing Net sy s p lat for m s: Sun Solar is, HP- UX, AI X, and Wind ows w it h t h e ser v er - side Cisco Net sys- Ag en t ( N- Ag en t ) . This op en s t he p r oduct up t o ot h er NMSs an d op er at ing sy st em s v ia app licat ion pr ogr am m ing int erf aces ( API s) . Sear ch f or " w and l" at Cisco.com f or m or e det ails or go dir ect ly t o w w w .w an dl. com . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Net sy ss bBaselin er Cisco ( now IWAND L)wis lat ion anin d gm(od t ool t hat t akes t h e w hat - y ou- seet icket ased on n t ern et orak simu Tr oub leshoot CIeling T) t opics. befor e- y ou- get - it ( WYSBYGI ) ap pr oach. I t is a w hat - if t ool t o t est chan ges and per for m ance issu b efborook, e y ou com m it t o any d esign chang es. I t is gr eat for init ial net w or k desig n, an alysis Wit hest his you can: for reconf igur at ion or r ed esign , and st r ess- t est in g sit uat ion s. The out put m easur es t hr oug hpu t , r espon se t imes, ut ilizat ion, packet loss, an d so on. Ev en t houg h Net sy s is anot h er com pan y' s u p ,anit disf ollow h real-( w or ldis lab ios on aligned each pr oduSet ct now st ill aalong g reat wpritoduct and st illscenar cover ed t he ext oam ) . ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her NO TE t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Regar dless of t he t ool you choose, alway s r em em b er t o display , debu g, an d t est Diagn ose and of t r oublesh u al pr oblem s by f ollow ingnalong h aut ze h orr ovided conf ig ur at ions fline b efoot or eact you p ut t hem int o you r live et wor kw.itAnaly w phat - if Cat alyios st ( rt)o OS Cisco OS( r ) Sof t wpar e com m and , and g ively scenar detand erm ine whI at h appens r ior t o im pleminp en ut t in, gou cht put anges or loggin t o pr oact pr epar e y our self for a f ailu re so t hat you can r eact appr opr iat ely. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Man y t imes af t er using I OS com m ands, CCO, an d NMSs, you st ill need m or e t ools. The f ollow in g Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sect ion cover s some har dw ar e t ools and m edia t est ers t hat may b e of help. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Hardware Tools and Media Testers Net w ork media t est eq uipm ent is available t o inst all and v erif y new cabling syst em s as w ell as t o diagn ose and m ain t ain t he exist ing ph ysical inf rast r uct u re. At t he low er end of t he spect r um , t her e ar e br eakou t b oxes, cable t est er s ( scanner s) , v olt - ohm m et ers ( VOMs) , and d ig it al v olt •ohm met er s Table of Content ( DVOMs) . At tsh e high er en d of t h e spect r u m, t here are t ime d om ain r eflect omet er s •( TDRs) and opt I ndex ical TD Rs ( OTD Rs) . Go t o w ebsit es su ch as w w w .f luk en et wor k s.com , CCNP P ralack cti cal St .udi es: Tr w w w .b box com, anouble d w shoot w w .ming icr ot est . com f or m or e inf orm at ion. By Donna L. Har rington

Bre a k out b oxe s ch eck signals an d p inout s for RS- 232 ser ial d ev ices. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e:sApril 03 s VOM an d0 4,D 20 VOM

t est con t inuit y , v olt ages, cur rent , r esist ance, and phy sical con nect iv it y .

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Cab le 84 t e0 st er s an d scan ne rs, alt h ough at t he low er end of t he t r oub leshoot in g spect r um , Pages: ar e good in con t inuit y sit uat ion s, w het her it b e inst allat ion, m aint enan ce, or sup por t . A cable t est er may help y ou det er m ine w h et h er t he p ort is act ually bad on t he r ou t er or sw it ch , for in st ance. Many h andh eld t est er s t od ay display helpf ul ad dr ess an d p rot ocol st at ist ics as well. Figur e 2- 1 1 sh ows t he Fluk e han dheld d ev ice. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Figu r e 2 - 1 1 . Flu k e Ha ndh el d Te st er

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e TD Rs ar e at t he higher end of spect ru m and ar e good f or cable- br eak issues. They t est for App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g consist ency in t he im p ed ance over t h e len gt h of t he cab le. An elect r onic p ulse is sent t o env iron ment s qu ick ly det ect shor t s, br eaks, an d t hr ough put issues. You used t o r eally n eed TDRs for coax cable, but cable scanner s w ork just fine t oday f or t w ist ed - pair cable. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP An OTD R is a t im e dom ain ref lect om et er f or f iber. I t uses opt ical pu lses t o check sign al Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, loss. A good f lashligh t , b elieve it or not , w ill get y ou m ost of t he p r oblem s. Figur e 2- 1 2 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealshow s a fiber t est er . TDR pr oduct s ar e g reat , b ut are nor mally v ery ex pensive. I f y ou are w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. t he wir ing cont r act or , how ever , t h is is a m ust for y our t ool bag . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 2 - 1 2 . O m ni Fi be r Test e r

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Network Monitors Net w ork mon it ors assist w it h baselin in g. Th ey in clud e soft w ar e t o look at v ar iat ions f rom t he nor m al p er for m ance w it h such it em s as p ack et loss, band w id t h, collision s, ut ilizat ion, cy clical r ed und ancy check ( CRC) err or s, carr ier t r ansit ions, host reachabilit y , and so on . Net w ork •m onit or s canTable Content con tof inuou sly st r ack pack et s at t h e high er lay er s using SNMP an d k eepalive act iv it y. •They can collect I ndexinf orm at ion f rom rem ot e sit es, send back t o headqu art er s, and w ar n CCNP cal. Many St udi es: ouble shoot ing accorPdra incti gly inTr clu de SNMP and RMON capabilit ies. SNMP bot t om lin e is t hat it is sim ple: Get requL.est get r esp onse. I f you don 't hav e an easy - t o- r ead int er f ace, h owev er , SNMP is By Donna Harand rington any t hin g b ut sim ple. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Protocol Analyzers Pr ot ocol analy zer s g en er at e p acket s an d p rov ide r eal- t im e dat a t o int er act ively capt ur e t r af fic w it h a lay er ed appr oach. You w ill see just how t h eor et ical t he OSI m odel is not af t er using an analy zer. There is a capt u re an d disp lay m ode f or t he in divid ual pack et f low . You can gener at e •and edit fr amTable of capacit Content sy plan ning and load t est ing of dev ices such as sw it ch es, r out er s, es f or •ser v ers, an d Iw ndex or k st at ions. Record , int er pr et , and analy ze t he lif e of a p ack et . Get meanin g ou t CCNP P raes. cti cal udiret es: Tr ingon app licat ions such as Dom ain Nam e Syst em ( DNS) , Dy nam ic of fr am I n St t erp lotouble s of shoot det ail Host Configu r at ion Pr ot ocol ( D HCP) , FTP, and TFTP. Pr odu ct s in clu de Net w ork Associat es Sniff er , By Donna L. Har rington WildPack et ' s Et h er Peek, Net w or k Mon it or fr om Micr osoft , an d so on. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: NO TE84 0

I f you w ant t o com par e v ar ious pr ot ocol an alyzer p rod uct s, ch eck ou t t h e int er est ing ar t icle t hat ap pear ed in t he May 21, 200 1, edit ion of PC Magazine ( w w w .p cm ag .com ) . Packet Magazin e ( w w w .cisco. com / go/ p ack et ) has m any r elat ed ar t icles as well. Look " Trprick s ice of tfor he Trad e, " forTrinoubleshoot st an ce. ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Handfor s- on act t he CCNP t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Man y t imes a pr ot ocol analy zer is m ore adv ant ageous t han t he in nat e I OS t ools su ch as debug and log becau se it is r un f rom a w or kst at ion and is less disr u pt ing t o t he dev ice bein g m on it ored. Thr oug hout hed scenar andwTr ouble in tscenar h is book I u se Sntiffer Pr oext oam d em onst Set u p tan f ollow ios along it h real-Tick w oret ldslab ios, aligned o each t op ic, rwatit eh or concep t s; how ev er , y ou can u se any pr ot ocol an alyzer . Som e of t hese pr odu ct s ev en h ave a w it hout t h e act ual equip ment dem o v ersion t hat en ables y ou t o t r y befor e y ou buy ; ot her s, su ch as Et her eal ( w w wEst .etablish h er eal.com a baseline ) , ar e and f r ee.docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k This bI ook dentis if ynot t r oublesh int ended ootting o t each t ar get you s using ab outpin t he g, Snif t r ace, fer sh Pr ow o p,rod clear uct, . debu Snif fer g, an Pr od is ot her j ust anot her t ool t hat t r oub enab leshoot les you ing t ools o recor an d d,udisplay t ilit ies , and an aly ze v ar ious net w or k ar ch it ect u res. St ar t b y get t ing f amiliar w it h t he Sn iff er Pr o int erf ace in Figur e 2- 1 3. I am r unn in g v er sion 4. 5 on a Diagn ose0 and oublesh acts.u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Wind ows 200 d eskttrop for m oot y t est Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Figu r e 2 - 1 3 . Sni ff e r Pr o I nt er f a ce

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, [ View full size im age] aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO TE

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w itthout e act ual equip ment Ob ain ant hevalu at ion or licensed copy of t he pr ot ocol an aly zer of y our choice t o wor k t hr ou gh t he r est of t he Trou ble Ticket s t h rou ghou t t h is book . A g ood st ar t ing p oin t f or Est y our and logical n et m orablish e inforambaseline at ion on and p r otdocu ocol ment analy sis is ph w wysical w .n ai.com f or Snif ferw, or k w w w .w ildp ack et s.com , w w w .m icr osof t . com , or w w w .et h er eal.com . Reg ist er on if y tfer r oublesh ingyou t arrget s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow clear antdheotot her wI dent w w .snif . com t oot o get fr ee p r ot ocol post er, and ch, eck ou, tdebu som g, e of her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r ef erences and t ools at WildPacket s an d Et her eal. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed Sniffer Scenario

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Tak e t im e t o g et fam iliar w it h t he b asic int er f ace of w h ichev er pr ot ocol analy zer you choose t o use. IAnaly f t hatze pr local oductand is Sniff iff er Prpr o,oblem y ou can t henet Hw e lp > Hinelclud p Top > Ov e hrv ie w r emer/ ot eSnaccess s in ch Et oose hern et or ks, ing ics issues w it > H ow To se le ct ions t o get you rself st ar t ed. Alt houg h y ou should t ak e you r ow n selfg uided cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, t our , aut I ver br iefly describe t he w ind ows and how o use t hee t ool so t hat you can t ake ad van t age o ynegot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, tand mor of it in t he Trou ble Ticket s an d in r eal- w or ld sit u at ions. Follow along if y ou can u se Sniff er on y our PC eview t h eblesh scr een s prhovid ed hert oe.r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Appor ly jaust layr er ed t rou ootshot ing met odology env iron ment s Figur e 2- 1 4 d isp lays t he ph ysical connect ivit y f or t h is pr act ical ex er cise. Use a cr ossov er cable t o connect e PC diring ect ly t o t he ot hCCI er E( PC. u se a swt his it chind ( b isp ut en a hu b le is lab fine)g uide t o connect the Desig nedonfor aspir CCNP and r) Do pr ofnot essionals, sab b uilds on dev ices; y ou w ill wor k w it h sw it ch es in t h e ch apt er s t o com e. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Figu r e 2 - 1 4 . Sni ff e r Scen a r io

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 SBN: 1- 58192 720 -0 -0 1. 1 1 2 55. 25 5. 25 5. 0 an d t he ot h er one 19 2. 168 . 1. 12 255 . 255. 2 55. 0. Assig n I on e PC .15768. Assu mPages: in g y ou 84 0 ar e using Window s- based PCs, ju st r ight - click N e t w ork N ei ghb orhood or My N e t w ork Pl ace s. Alt er nat iv ely , choose St a rt > Se t t i ngs > Cont r ol P a ne l > N et w or k t o select y our LAN conn ect ion. For t his scenar io, I am using a Win dow s 20 00 Pro not ebook for host a and a Win dow s 98 not ebook for h ost b w it h a cr ossov er cable bet w een t h em . I assum e Wind ows 95 or hig her w ill w ork , b ut in f act t he operat in g sy st em ver sion is not crit ical f or any t hin g ypr ouact arice e doing t h rou ghou t h e hand s-ing on exam ex er cises. See Figur e 2- 1an 4 danWdAN t het rad dr ess Hand s- on for t he CCNP Tr toubleshoot w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, ouble inf orm at ion pr ov ided t o config ur e t he ap pr opr iat e I P p aram et ers in t h e LAN Prop er t ies, TCP/ I P t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. sheet for bot h PCs. Nam e t h e PCs h ost a and host b.

Wit h t his b ook, you can: Use t he ipconf ig/ w inipcfg d esk t op t ools t o v erif y y our conf ig ur at ion, as in Ex am ple 2- 36. I n add it ion , pin g t h e ot her PC t o ver ify conn ect iv it y. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Exa m pl e 2 - 3 6 . ip conf ig on t he D esk t op Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g C:\>ipconfig Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Windows " Snif2000 f" t he IP w ir Configuration e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Ethernet {F6BB63C3-5752-480C-96DB-206E49F87839}: Analy adapter ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Suffix ion, . and : aut o Connection-specific negot iat ion, addr essing DNS , encapsulat mor e App ly lay er ed t rou r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g IPa Address. . blesh . . oot . .ing. met . .h odology . . . :t o0.0.0.0 env iron ment s Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 0.0.0.0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot Default Gateway . . . in.g .( CI.T). t op . ics . :t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr actadapter ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealEthernet Local Area Connection: w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Autoconfiguration IP Address. . . : 192.168.1.11 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : C:\>ping 192.168.1.12 •

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Pinging 192.168.1.12 with 32 bytes of data: CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Reply from 192.168.1.12: bytes=32 time aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Ex am ple 42net illust r at es ipbleshoot con fi g winitgh (tCI h eT)opt ional a llppr ar r ovides m or e det ail Cisco( r) I 2nt er w ork Trou t op ics t /hat epamet are yer ou, w forhich t hepCCNP (Trsuch as t he MAC ad dr ess an d n am e r esolut ion par am et er s) . oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Exa m pl e 2 - 4 2 . ip conf i g / a ll

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

C:\>ipconfig /all Windows 2000 IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : hosta Primary DNS Suffix • •

. . . . . . . :

Table of Content s I ndex Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. IP Har rington Routing

Enabled. . . . . . . . : No

WINS Pub lish er: Cisco Proxy Press

Enabled. . . . . . . . : No

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Ethernet adapter {F6BB63C3-5752-480C-96DB-206E49F87839}: I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

Connection-specific DNS Suffix

. :

Description . . . . . . . . . . . : NOC Extranet Access Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 44-45-53-54-42-00 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased DHCPonEnabled. Cisco I n t ern . . et w.or.k . Tr oub . .leshoot . . .in:g No ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his bIP ook, you can:. . . . . . . . . . . : 0.0.0.0 Address. Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 0.0.0.0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e actGateway ual equip.ment Default . . . . . . . . : Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Ethernet adapter Area Connection: t r oub leshoot ingLocal t ools an d u t ilit ies Connection-specific DNS Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u alSuffix pr oblem s.by: f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Description . . . . . . . . . . . : 3Com Megahertz 10/100 LAN CardBus Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s PC Card " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-10-4B-A5-AE-50 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, eed and du.plex , u.t ilizat DHCPspEnabled. . . . .ion . and . . collisions, . : No b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Autoconfiguration IP Address. . . : 192.168.1.11 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment sMask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Subnet Desig ned Default for aspir ing CCNP and t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Gateway . .CCI . E( . r) . pr . of . essionals, . . : Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam . Full DNSing Servers . . of. pr.act . ical . .ex.er.cises . .t h:at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. C:\> CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

You w ill con t inue t o use m any of t hese t ools in t h e Tr ouble Tick et s t o com e. Depending on t he oper at ing syst em , ot her ad minist r at iv e and t r oubleshoot ing t ools ar e av ailab le. Ot her adm inist r at ive and t r oublesh oot ing t ools include sy st em con figu rat ion u t ilit ies, st art up menu s for safe m odes, help t r oubleshoot ers, D ev ice Manag er , Per fm on, Ev en t View er , an d Task Manager . Man y t hir d- par t y t ools are wor t h y of ex plor ing , t oo. Con sid er t akin g a look at TTCP, VMWar e, • Table of Content s Net Ops, an d VNC. Microsof t TechNet and Nov ell Users I n t er n at ional ( NUI ) Tech nical Resour ce CD • I ndex ar e sim ilar r esou rces t o t he CCO ( but focusing on t heir pr opr iet ar y pr oduct s rat h er t han Cisco CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing pr odu ct s) . Ex plor e t hese t ools on you r ow n; som e of t h em are ver y add ict ing . By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

NO TE I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 0 I fPages: you n84eed mor e h elp t r oub leshoot ing in t his ar ea, I h ig hly r ecom m end Com pTI A A+ and Net w ork + p rog r ams or specif ic operat in g sy st em resour ces f or m or e det ail. Ch eck out w w w .com pt ia. or g an d in div id ual v endor w eb sit es.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Aft er sallb ased t his inf mat ion exwamin atoub ion leshoot of t oolsinan resour ces, don 't for get t he Ph ysical Lay er. t icket onorCisco I n tand ern et or k Tr g d( CI T) t opics. LEDs ar e qu it e helpfu l in t r oublesh oot ing and on a p ract ical not e sh ould be y our f irst observ at ion if yWit ouhhtave sical his bphy ook, youaccess. can: Tr y t e st le d som et ime on a r out er t o mak e sur e t h at y ou are act u ally connect ed t o t he box y ou t hink y ou ar e. Look at t he link ligh t s on you r NI Cs an d d ev ices. Use m ult iple t ools t o adm inist er and m anage you r int er net w ork . Pict ur es and m aps ar e g reat , b ut if y ou d f ollow along it h real-en w or lab scenar ios aligned to w each ic, oper w it h at oring can' t Set af forudp aanf ancy net w or k mwanagem t pldrog ram , do w h at y ou can it h tex heam I OSt op and w itthout t h ed act ual eequip ment syst em ools an ex plor ot her t h ird - par t y t ools. Estofablish and ournd phtysical and logical n et w ores. k Use CDP, dr aw y our Use all t heseat baseline ools in conj undocu ct ionment w it h ysou r oubleshoot ing t echniqu ow n map , k now w h at is n orm al, k now w hat y our con figu rat ion s look like, an not at e t h em w it h dent t r oublesh t ar get s using sh owt r,ace, clearlog , debu g, es, an dan otdher descr Iipt ionifsyand r em ar koot s, ing ver ify conn ect iv it pin y wg, it ht rpace, ing and chang on ly use debu g t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies t o t he p oin t t h at it w on't st r ess ou t y our r ou t er . Som et im es a pr ot ocol analy zer giv es you m or e det ail an d is less int r usive on y our devices. By now y ou should be w ell on y our w ay t o a f ull t ool ose and t yr oublesh ootk act u algh pr toblem s ebyp ract f ollow ingpor along it ht he autr h or- p rder ovided bag t hDiagn at w ill enable ou t o w or t h rou he m or ical t ionswof emain of t his b ook. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es NO TE Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h I u sed t o d eliv er TCP/ I P an d CCNP classes f or Ch esapeak e/ Men t or Tech nologies. Recent ly cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, it w as br ough t t o m y at t ent ion t hat t he old w w w .ccci. com sit e is u p an d ru nning w it h aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r ef erences t o som e g reat t ools and r esour ces. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Review Questions Use t his chapt er an d y our pr act ical t rou blesh oot ing kn ow ledg e and skills t o answ er t he f ollow ing qu est ions. Th e answ er s ar e locat ed in App en dix A, " An sw er s t o Rev iew Qu est ions. " •

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ds Tr anouble d r eceiv CCNP 1 P:ra ctiCD cal P Stsen udi es: shootes ingneig hbor

adv er t isem ent s over m ult icast add r ess 01 - 00- 0ccccc an d uses a pr opr iet ar y HDLC t y pe v alue. CD P m ust r u n on m edia t h at sup por t s By Donna L. Har rington w hat ? Pub lish er: Cisco Press

2:

To m at ch up t he follow ing buf fer pools wit h t h e appr opr iat e sizes ( small, m idd le, b ig, and hu ge) , w hat I OS com m and w ould you use?

Pub Dat v e:er April y b0ig4,, 20 lar03ge, I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

A. 10 4 b yt es B. 60 0 b yt es Hand s- on pr C.act15 ice24forbytthe es CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. D . 45 20 by t es Wit h t his b ook, you can: E. 50 24 by t es Set u pF.an18 d f024 ollowbyalong t es w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 3 : Which suppor t t ool can m onit or up t o all sev en lay er s and is t he least st r essf ul on t he Est ablish r out era? baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies A. Net w ork mon it or Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ot ocol zerI OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat alyB. st ( rPr ) OS andanaly Cisco Use inC. st r udebu ct or -gd ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f"D t. heping w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 4Analy : List ze tlocal he f ivand e cat r em egor ot ies e access of net pr w ork oblem m an s in agement Et hern et and netgiv w or e ks, a Cisco in clud exing am issues ple of an w itNMS. h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 5aut : oWhat negotNMS iat ion, feat addr ur e essing of Cisco's , encapsulat p rod uct ion, is a and r ep lacem mor een t f or CWSI ? List at least four ot her f eat ur es t hat t his pr od uct is r esp onsible for . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ment s of sup por t t ool r ecor ds, display s, and analy zes how a pr ot ocol oper at es 6env : iron What t y pe and giv es a lay er- b y- lay er decode? Giv e an exam ple. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( nt erle nett est w ork bleshoot in g b( eCIused T) t op t hat r ep are y ou forivitt he CCNP 7 :r) I Cab er sTrou ( scan ners) can t oics t est phpysical connect y . Man y cable t est er s Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges j ob, include TDR fun ct ion alit y . W hat t yp e of device is used t o t est sign al loss won it h tfhe iber CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealcable? w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 8 : What supp ort t ool is usef ul f or baselining and cont inu ously t rack s pack et s but doesn' t CCNP Pr act ical Sttud ies:? Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e decode h em im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

9: 10 :

List at least t w o p r oact iv e and t w o react ive CCO t ools? Use t he nu m bers 1 –4 t o mat ch t he pr ior it y lev els w it h t he follow in g sev er it y level. - I n for m at ion n eeded on pr oduct

•

- Prod uct ion Table of Content s n et wor k sever ely degr aded

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- Net w or k per for m ance degr aded

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington - Prod uct ion

n et wor k d ow n

1 1 lish : er: Escalat ion t o Cisco supp ort r eq uir es cer t ain t ask s. The show t e ch- sup port Pub Cisco Press com man Pub Dat e: April 0 4, d20is 03h elp ful. You n eed y our equip ment and ser v ice con t r act inf orm at ion, and y ou sh ould op en a case w it h specif ic pr iorit y lev el and case num ber . What CCO t ool I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 enables y ou t o open, quer y, and up dat e a case w it h TAC? Pages: 84 0

12 :

The Cisco Dyn am ic Conf igur at ion t ool enables y ou t o look u p t h e specif ics of a WSC1 924 A y ou boug ht of f of eBay . You shou ld q uick ly f in d t hat it is a 24- p ort , 10MB sw it ch w it h t w o 100 BASE- TX por t s and it is upgr ad eab le t o t h e Ent er pr ise Ed it ion . Under w hich cat eg ory wou ld y ou find t h is on t he w ebsit e? Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Summary As int er net w or ks gr ow lar ger and m ore com plex , a m u ch gr eat er pot ent ial ex ist s for pr oblem s t o disable p ort ion s or t he en t ire n et wor k . You m ay also face issues t hat degr ade p er f orm an ce t o un accept ab le lev els. Th is com plex it y of addit ional users, r esou r ces, pr ot ocols, int erf aces, an d •v en dor s r eq uir Table of Content s e a f ull t ool bag t o t r ou bleshoot pr oblem s. Scalab le net w ork s ar e not es you t o hav •one- size- f it s-I all. ndexHard w are, soft war e, and t h e w eb ar e const ant ly ch anging . The r esour ces inn at e CCNP cti cal ISt udiand es: Trvar ouble shoot ing t o t heP ra Cisco OS ious t hir d- par t y t ools cov ered in t his chapt er shou ld h elp y ou deal w it h t his. Th ese f irrington st t w o chapt er s ar e designed t o p rov ide y ou w it h a f oundat ion f or t he pr act ical By Donna L. Har exer cises in t he r emain der of t he b ook. The nex t t wo chapt er s exam ine I P and I PX in m ore det ail. Af t er t hat , t he focu s t ur ns t o Lay er 2 LAN and WAN t echnologies t o help y ou cont inu e t o Pub lish er: Cisco Press bu ild y our p ract ical t r oub leshoot in g sk ills. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Part II: Supporting IP and IPX Ch apt er 3 Sh oot ing Tr ouble w it h I P • •

Ch apt er 4 Sh oot ing Tr ouble w it h Novell I PX Table of Content s I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 3. Shooting Trouble with IP This chap t er focuses on a nu m ber of obj ect iv es falling und er t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing gu id elines. Under st anding b asic TCP/ I P t r oubleshoot ing pr inciples not only ap plies t o t he CCNP cer t t oofall indu sst ry cer t ificat ions. A solid und er st andin g of h ow I P w or k s is essent ial • t if icat ion bu Table Content for t r oublesh oot ing any sm all, m ed iu m , or lar ge n et w or k . • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

This chap t er and t he r em aining chapt er s assu m e kn ow ledg e of t he p r ev ious chap t er s, w hich deal By Donnat ually L. Har rington concep w it h pr ot ocol char act er ist ics, m odels, t r oubleshoot ing m et hods, sup por t t ools, an d r esour ces. Each ch apt er st art s by int rod ucing a han ds- on ch apt er scen ario. To gain pr act ical expPub er ience, lish er: Cisco buildPress t he n et w or k in t he scenar io if at all possib le and follow along . I f t hat isn 't possible, t he cont Pub Dat e: April 0 4,ent 20 03and ex planat ions are d et ailed en ough f or y ou t o lear n f rom wit h out need in g t he eq uipm in f-0 ron t of y ou. Sev eral in t egr at ed w alk - t hr oug h scen ar ios and Trou ble Ticket s I SBN: ent 1- 58 720 57 -0 enablePages: y ou 84 t o0b en ef it f r om t he ad ded lear ning adv ant ages off er ed by pr act ical app licat ion. Af t er t he Shoot ing Tr ouble w it h I P scen ario, I ex plor e TCP/ I P concep t s, sy m pt om s, pr ob lem s, and act ion p lans. This chap t er cov er s t he f ollowin g t opics: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ario:onShoot oub leorwit P leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. t icket Scen s b ased Ciscoing I n tTr ern et w k hTrIoub ot ocols Wit h tPr his b ook, and you Pack can:et s Add ressin g Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Rou t ing tProt ocols w it hout h e act ual equip ment Tr et s Estouble ablishTick a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Tr ouble et s Solu I dent if y Tick t r oublesh oott ions ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Supporting Files Use in st r u ct Website or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion

m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Snifff" w irand e t o link sp ot or ies k issu es sup por t t h is book on t he Cisco Press You "can indt he files s tnoetuwt ilit t h at w ebsit e at w w w .ciscop r ess.com / 15 872 005 70. Even if you do not hav e a lab , y ou can zeag local em por ot e t access pr oblem s in Et hern net w or ks, ing issues t ak eAnaly adv ant e ofand t he rsup ing config ur at ion f iles in cluetding t he log sintclud o u nder st and w it h cabling, eed plex , u t ilizat ionedand b andw idters h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, dev ice in put sp and outand p ut du . Th e files ar e list t hrcollisions, oug hout t he ch apt in it alics. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e I n ord er t o be able t o read and w or k w it h som e of t he su ppor t ing f iles of fer ed at ly a rlay er ed t/ rou blesh oot ingy ou metmh ay odology r eal-nlife t ing and swit g w w wApp .ciscop ess.com 15 872 005 70, w ant tt o o dow loadrou som e of t he pr chin ogr ams env iron ment s list ed in Table I - 1 in t h e I n t r oduct ion. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Scenario: Shooting Trouble with IP I t is n ow t im e t o get st ar t ed w it h t he pr act ical Sh oot ing Tr ouble w it h I P scen ario. Fir st , add t he add it ion al equip ment , per for m a w ri t e e ra se or e ra se st a rt u p- conf ig t o clear you r conf ig ur at ions f rom pr evious lab s, and r ew ir e accor din g t o Figur e 3- 1 . •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Figu r e 3 - 1 . Sh oot in g Tr ou ble w it h I P

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

NO TE

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed du, plex , u 364 t ilizat andand collisions, b andw idtt ers, h, CSMA/ CD, e- w ay lin k, My lab uses t he and 2514 25 01, 0, ion 3 620, 25 16 Cisco rou b ut you rs on can aut o negot addr , encapsulat andintmor e include anyiat nuion, mb er of essing devices t hat hav e ion, similar er faces. See App en dix C, " Eq uipm ent Reference, " f or t he har dw ar e used t h rou ghou t t h e book . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir is ingt oCCNP E( r)config pr of essionals, t his tind en sab lab Ignuide The scenar io goal p ut inand t h eCCI basic ur at ions, and henisp add Roulet ing for m batuilds ion on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Pr ot ocol ( RI P) as t he r out in g pr ot ocol t o w or k t ow ar d en d- t o- end conn ect iv it y bet w een t he h ost s. Tr oubleshoot . Full act icalsuch ex er cises t h at gion et sy ou eady f or challenges on t he Wher e app roping r iatexam e, u se bestofprpr act ices as descript on rint erf aces, h ost s t ables, andj ob, so CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough on. Conf igur e r 1 and w ork you r w ay t hr oug h r 5 . As alw ays, t est and docum en t alon g t h e rwealay w or ldw hen ap plicat of LAN and ing WAN and you ion f inish conf igur . t op ics. CCNP Prbact St uder, ies:t hat Tr oublesh p ray ovides ouhtw itorh w p ract inftor ion on t h teask s Rem em er ,ical h owev t here isoot notin galw s on eyrig ron gical way o mat accomp lishall t he im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ g any pr esent ed . The ab ilit y t o obt ain t h e en d result u sin g g ood pr act ices is ext r em ely im por t an in t in

r eal- w or ld net w ork . My t r oublesh oot ing and dev ice conf igur at ions st ar t in Ex am ple 3- 1; you can com par e you r w or k t o t hat an d perh aps see a d if fer en t ap pr oach t o obt ainin g t he end r esult . Figur e 3- 2 sh ows a pict ur e of m y lab befor e w ir ing, and Figur e 3- 3 sh ows t he af t er - w ir ing pict ur e. I h ave p hy sically labeled each of m y dev ices so t hat I don' t hav e t o t h ink abou t t h at lat er. Refer back t o Figur e 3- 1 as you cont inu e t o set up and t r oubleshoot .

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Figu r e 3 - 2 . Sce n ar i o La b Ph ot o Be f or e W i r in g

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or Figu - d ev elop r e ed 3 -p3rob . Sce lem -nisolat ar i oionLambetPh hods ott oo rAft esolv ere Tr Wouble ir i ngTick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: The t er m inal serv er at t he t op of t h e eq uipm ent st ack in Figur e 3- 2 is not a r eq uir ed piece of equipm ent for t he lab, but m ore a conv en ien ce. I am using a Cisco 2 511 w it h t he f irst fiv e t er min Set al lead u p an s connect d f ollow ed along t o each w it hofrealt hewcon or ldsole labpscenar ort s onios myaligned fiv e rou t ot ers. eachSee ex am Appt op en dix ic, wCitfhoror m or e winfor it hout m att hion e act onual h ow equip t o con ment figu r e a t er m in al ser v er and use one for y our lab . My 2 511 conf ig ur at ion is in Ex am ple 3- 1 w it h t h e sig nificant out pu t shad ed . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Exa m pl e 3 - 1 . Te r m in al Ser v e r Con f igu r at ion ( 2 5 1 1 ) t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ts#show running-config Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ... " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es hostname ts Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eeddonna and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, enable password aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ip subnet-zero App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ip host r1 ment 2001s 1.1.1.1 Desig ned r2 for 2002 aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ip host 1.1.1.1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ipoubleshoot host r3 ing 2003 1.1.1.1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw ld ap plicat ion of1.1.1.1 LAN and WAN t op ics. ipor host r4 2004 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ip host r5 2005 1.1.1.1 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

interface Loopback0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 no ip directed-broadcast ... •

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transport input none By Donna L. Har rington

line 1 16 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

transport Pub Dat e: April input 0 4, 20 all 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

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line aux 0 line vty 0 4 Hand s- on pr act ice exec-timeout 30 for 0 t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. password donna Wit h t his b ook, you can: logging synchronous Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or loginw it hout t h e act ual equip ment end Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r oublesh oot u al pr3oblem f ollow ing t along w it h aut h orovided Alt houDiagn gh I ose giv eand y ou t Figur es 31 tact hr ough 3 , it sis by r eally a bet er pr act ice t o dr awpyr our own Cat st (am r ) OS ande Cisco ) Sof t wmn ar es com and inpt his ut , ou t put net w or k aly diagr . Som peopleI OS( p r efr er colu and m r ow s of t y pe of, dand at a,loggin b ut I gpr ef er color f ul diagr am s t o assist w it h t r oub leshoot ing lat er . For exam ple, y ou mig ht d r aw y our dev ices an d cteorpen, - d ev lab elopeledt he p rob - isolat t o pen, r esolv e el Tr ouble Tick m ed iaUse w itin h st a rbulu I P lem p ar amet erion s wm it hetahods black lab I PX par amet etser s w it h a r ed pen, dr aw a gr een cir cle ar ound t he Open Shor t est Pat h Fir st ( OSPF) ar eas, an d so on. Label " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es w hich in t erf aces ar e D CE or DTE for you r lab. D ocu ment dev ice n ames, locat ions, Lay er 2 and Lay er 3 addr esses, r out ed and br idged pr ot ocols, rou t ing pr ot ocols, access con t rol list s ( ACLs) , Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h conf ig ur at ion files, an d v er if y f ull connect ivit y . Per for m som e simp le ping and t r ace t est s ( see cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Table 3 - 1) , r un show t e ch- sup port , an d d ocu m en t som e m ore. All of t his giv es you a st ar t ing aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e point f or nor m al baseline act iv it y w hen you r net w or k is r unn in g well. Keep in m in d t hat I w ant y ou t oApp concent r atereed only onblesh I P- root elating ed met baselin ing for t o t his chapt . t ing and swit chin g ly a lay t rou h odology r eallife er rou env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP NO TE ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealYou w ill adju st y our h ands- on lab for n ew eq uipm ent , sof t w are, p rot ocols, m ed ia, w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ser v ices, pr oblem s, and so on as y ou pr ogr ess t h r ough v ariou s Tr ouble Ticket s an d s. Feel r ee tTr o oublesh subst it ut e in w ghat equyip enit thypou hav e for t he host CCNPchapt Pr acterical St udfies: oot p rever ovides oumw ract ical inf or mat ions,onr out all er t hs, e it ch est sincen Figur 2 600 s and ing 36 00s, or bet all cer 650t 0s, wion, ouldinclud be n ice, im porand t antsw con cep t rale t3o 1t h. eAll t r oubleshoot por t ion of tter he yet CCNP ificat in g

bu t t h at isn' t w hat I h ave eit her .

Table 3 - 1 g ives y ou a lay er ed yet divid e- an d- conqu er appr oach t o qu ick ly spot t ing I P issues. I t w ould be w on derf ul if I could t ell y ou t o j ust st ar t at t h e fir st it em in t he t ab le and w ork you r w ay t hr ou gh, b ut you n eed t o t h ink m et hodically ( as Ch apt er 1, " Sh oot ing Trou ble," sugg est ed) . I t is h elp ful t o d iv ide an d con quer along t h e w ay in p ract ical ap plicat ion t o quickly n ar row dow n • Table of Content s t he real p rob lem . I f y ou can 't com m un icat e wit h y our g at eway , f or inst ance, it is a lit t le dif ficult • I ndex t o com m un icat e w it h a rem ot e host . I f y ou can 't comm un icat e w it h y our self , it is im possible t o CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing com mu nicat e w it h a local host . By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Tab le 3 -1 . I P Tr oubl esh oot in g Che ck li st

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

I sola t in g P rob le m s

Com m a nds a nd Sy m pt om s

Ch eck MAC add ress, I P add r ess, subn et m ask , d ef ault gat ew ay , and ot h er st at ic or DHCP[ * ] p ar amet er s.

Wind ows NT/ 200 0: ip con fi g / a ll

Wind ows 95/ 9 8: w in ipcfg Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. UNI X: if confi g Ping ourb ook, loopbyou ack can: fr om y our w or k st at ion t o see w h et h er Wit h tyhis t he TCP/ I P st ack is loaded.

pi ng 1 2 7 .0 . 0 . 1

* ]. Ping Set y ouru self y ouralong w orkw stitathion t owvor erif youscenar r NI C[ios pi ngt o1 each 9 2 .1 6ex8 am . 1 . 1t 1op ic, w it h or p anfrdom f ollow realldylab aligned hout ht host e act ualyequip Ping waitlocal fr om our wment ork st at ion t o v erif y local pi ng 1 9 2 .1 6 8 . 1 . 1 2

com mu nicat ion s. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Ping y our d ef ault g at eway fr om y our w or k st at ion t o v er ify pi ng 1 9 2 .1 6 8 . 1 . 1 I dent if y mu t r oublesh t ar get s using g,erf t race. ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her y ou can com nicat e oot w iting h y our local rou t erpin int t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ar e y ou g et t in g ARPs[ * ] f r om t he gat ew ay? I f so, t he a rp – a gat ew ay 's MAC ad dr ess shou ld b e in t he w or kst at ion ARP Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided t able. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ping Use a r em otreu ct host anot if itlem fails fr omionyou pi nge 1Tr9 ouble 2 .1 6 8Tick . 3 . 5et s in st or - dand ev elop edher p rob - isolat m ret hods t o r esolv w or kst at ion. " Snif t he wt ir t o rsp ototneethost w or kt oissu Perf or m af"t race o et he em f in es d hop- b y- h op Wind ows: t ra cer t [ - d ] r out er issu es. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et netUNI w or X/ ks,Cisco: in cludt ra ingcer issues out e w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

I s it a host pr oblem or a r ou t er pr oblem ?

show i p i nt e rf ace br ie f show r un int e r fa ce e 0 show i p i nt e rf ace e 0 show i nt e rf aces e0

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

show i p r out e show i p p rot ocols

By Donna L. Har rington

show i p a rp Pub lish er: Cisco Press

show i p ca ch e

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

show i p a cce ss- li st

Com bin e ping and t r ace t o look f or p ack et loss in t he p at h.

pa t hp ing 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 .3 .5

Use an ap plicat ion t o t est t he u pper lay er s.

St a rt = > Ru n \ \ 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 .3 . 5

Net BI OS issu es

Find com pu t er

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Socket s issues nb t st a t – A I P_ addr ess t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

pi ng 1 9 2 .1 6 8 . 3 . 1 t e lne t 1 9 2 .1 6 8 . 3 . 1

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ft p 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 3 . 1 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment tftp 1 92.16 8.3.1 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Elim inat e an y nam e r esolut ion issu es by not using Nam e r esolut ion I dentes if yort rNet oublesh ingest aratget pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her host nam BI OSoot nam f irsstusing . t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies DNS, host s f ile, NI S t ables When ot her t h ings ar e w or k in g, f ix any n ame resolut ion Diagn osee and oblem f ollow w itNS, h aut p rsovided lmhhorost f ile issu es. Ensur namt er oublesh r esolut oot ion fact ilesu al ar eprin t heirs rby eq uir ed ing along WI Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ( Net BI OS) locat ions and hav e t h e app rop riat e nam es. Tr oub leshoot files, DNS[ * ] / WI NS[ * ] ser ver s, and t he n et wor k issues t o Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble nb t Tick st a tet–sc ( view and f rom t hese devices. cach e) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es nb t st a t – R ( reload Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing cach e) issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Micr osof t Br ow ser ser vices ( Net BI OS issu es) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s St a rt , Run \ \ com p ut e rna m e Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Find com pu t er or ne t Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, v ie w CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. nb t st a t – A I P_ addr ess CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cerSocket t ificat ion, includ in g s issues

pi ng host c t e lne t host c

[*]

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DHCP = Dynamic Host Configur ation Pr otocol

s card NI Cs =Table Netwof orContent k inter face I ndex [*] essTrResolution otocol CCNP P raARPs cti cal =StAddr udi es: ouble shootPr ing [*]

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[ * ] DNS By Donna L. Har = rington Dom ain Nam e Ser vice [*]

WI NS = Window s I nter net Nam ing Ser vice

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE Alt hou gh t he com m ands I use in t his book ar e in t heir com plet e for m , u sing t r un cat ed com man ds is v irt ually a m and at or y pr act ice in t he real w or ld. More im p ort an t ly how ev er , y ou sh ould kn ow t h e su bm ode f r om w hich t he com man d can be issued. At Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t im es I t end t o issue glob al config ur at ion com m ands in int er face sub m ode. This w or ks t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ju st f in e assu min g t hat y ou don 't need h elp in t he m idst of t h e comm an d. I f y ou ar e un su re, h ow ev er, t yp e t he com m and fr om t he app r opr iat e su bm ode an d m ak e use of Wit h t his b ook, you can: t he Tab k ey and ? for h elp. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Using t h e scenar io d iagr am in Figur e 3- 1 , conf igur e r 1 sim ilar t o w hat is in Ex am ple 3- 2. My r1 is a Cisco 251 4,a bu t y ou can se any Cisco r out t h at and h as logical t w o Et hern Est ablish baseline andu docu ment y our pherysical n et wetorint k er faces and t w o ser ial int er faces for t he lab. My passw ord s ar e all don na b ecause t h at is easy t o rem em b er f or t h e labs, bu t t hI at is ifex ly wh y oot t hey ld not all b pin e donn f or sh pr act applicat Thd rou ghou t t h e dent y act t r oublesh ingshou t ar get s using g, t raace, ow ,ical clear , debuion. g, an ot her followting ples, ave an m ad a fies ew car eless m ist akes t h at y ou m ay or m ay not m ake. I will r oubexam leshoot ingI thools d uet ilit t r oub leshoot t hem w hen all m y r out er s are con figu red per t h e scenar io d iag ram . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Exa m pl e 3 - 2 . r 1 Conf i gur a t i on ( 2 5 1 4 )

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Router>enable Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Router#configure terminal aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e EnterApp configuration commands, line.t o rEnd with ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ingone metper h odology eal- life rouCNTL/Z. t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Router(config)#hostname r1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork password r1(config)#enable Trou bleshoot donna in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St udvty r1(config)#line ies: Tr 0 oublesh 4 oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-line)#login CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o tdonna h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g r1(config-line)#password

r1(config-line)#exit r1(config)#interface ethernet 0 r1(config-if)#description e0 to hosta and hostb r1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 •

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I ndex r1(config-if)#no shut CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har%LINK-3-UPDOWN: rington 00:10:12: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up

00:10:13: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

changed state to up I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

r1(config)#interface ethernet 1 r1(config-if)#description e1 to r2e0 r1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(config-if)#no shut Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-if)#interface serial 0 r1(config-if)#description s0 to r5s0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config-if)#bandwidth 64 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1(config-if)#no t r oub leshoot ingshut t ools an d u t ilit ies 00:13:11: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Serial0, changed state down Diagn ose and t r oublesh ootInterface act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w itto h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1(config-if)#ip host r1 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.4.1 10.1.1.1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1(config)#ip host r2 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1(config)#$192.168.2.2 192.168.5.2 192.168.6.2 192.168.3.1 10.2.2.1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed andr4du10.2.2.2 plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r1(config)#ip host aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config)#ip host r5 10.1.1.2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s rip r1(config)#router Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config-router)#end r1#copy running-config startup-config

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NO TE

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

For t he fir st r out er conf ig ur at ion, I illust r at e t h e e na ble com m and t o t ake y ou int o enable m ode Rout er # an d t he confi gur e t e rm in al com m and t o t ake y ou t o t he Pub lish er: Cisco Press global configu r at ion m ode Rout er ( con fig ) # , w her e t h e Cisco out pu t r em in ds y ou t hat Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 y ou can pr ess Ct03r l+ Z t o ret ur n t o en able m ode f rom any p rom pt . Alt er n at iv ely, you can I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 -0 t y pe e nd t o r et ur n t o t h e pr ivileged p r omp t ( enab le mod e) or e xi t t o back u p on e lev el atPages: a t im84e. 0 I w ill assu me fr om t h is point on t hat you ar e v er y com for t able w it h ent er in g and exit in g t hese m od es an d t heref ore I w ill elim inat e t h e init ial e na ble an d confi gur e t e rm in al com m ands fr om m y exam p les.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h NO t his TE b ook, you can: Rem em b er t hat t he dollar sign ( $) at t he b eg in ning of a line of user in put is t he Cisco ISet OS in t h atalong t h e t ext t oo mu f orscenar t he wid of t he tt o er each min alexscr een. u pdicat an dion f ollow w it hw as realw or ldchlab iost haligned am t opYou ic, wcan it h or alw ays pr ess Ct rl+ A t o g et t o t he beginn ing or Ct r l+ E t o g et t o t he end of a line. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Now m ov e ifon conf igur ing insEx am ple a ,Cisco 1, g, b utanyou I dent y t trooublesh oot ingr 2t aras get using pin3g,3.t r My ace,r2shisow clear ,250 debu d otcan her use any Cisco tr out t h at hing as tat least one Et her ouber leshoot ools an d u t ilit ies net in t er f ace and t w o serial in t er f aces f or t he lab . I copied t he host s t able lines f r om r 1 an d p ast ed t h em in t o t h is con figu r at ion . I n fut ur e ex am ples, I plan oublesh u alh ost pr oblem s by ing w it h aaut or-tpy rping. ovided t o justDiagn pastose e t heand cont rfigu rat ionoot f oract t he s t able an df ollow p assw or along ds t o save litht le Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use elop ed p rob - isolat Exa m plin e st3r -u 3ct.orr- 2d evConf i gur a lem t i on ( 2 5ion 0 1m) et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Router(config)#hostname r2, u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed and du plex aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2(config)#enable password donna App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r2(config)#line env iron ment s vty 0 4 r2(config-line)#login Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of donna r2(config-line)#password pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2(config-line)#exit CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trethernet oublesh oot0in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r2(config)#interface im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2(config-if)#description e0 to r1e1 r2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0 r2(config-if)#no shut r2(config-if)#int •

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00:41:44: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

00:41:45: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, By Donna L. Har rington

changed state to ups0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r2(config-if)#description s0 to r3s0/1 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r2(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Pages: 84 0

r2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0 r2(config-if)#no shut Hand s- on pr%LINK-3-UPDOWN: act ice for t he CCNPInterface Tr oubleshoot ing exam changed w it h TCP/state I P, LAN, d W AN t r ouble 00:42:22: Serial0, to an down t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2(config-if)#interface serial 1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2(config-if)#description s1 to r3s0/2 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r2(config-if)#bandwidth 64 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.1 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our255.255.255.0 ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2(config-if)#router I dent if y t r oublesh ootrip ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r2(config-router)#network Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I 192.168.5.0 OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p192.168.6.0 rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2(config-router)#network " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2(config-router)#exit Analy ze local and r1 r em192.168.1.1 ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, 10.1.1.1 in clud ing issues w it h r2(config)#ip host 192.168.2.1 192.168.4.1 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, r2 addr192.168.4.2 essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2(config)#ip host 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r2(config)#$192.168.2.2 192.168.5.2 192.168.6.2 192.168.3.1 10.2.2.1 env iron ment s r2(config)#ip host r4 10.2.2.2 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r2(config)#ip host r5 10.1.1.2 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2(config)#end w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2#copy running-config startup-config CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE • •

The sh aded ou t put m ay app ear a lit t le confu sin g in t ex t and is q uit e ann oyin g in pr act ice.Table HadofI Content t ur neds on log gin g sy nchron ous, m y inp ut w ould n ot h ave been int er ru ptI ndex ed. You shou ld d o t h is for y our con figu rat ion s.

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Con figu re t he r est of you r r out er s now and ch eck y our wor k u sin g t h e follow ing exam ples. I Pub lish Press copied t her: e tCisco ext in Ex am ple 3- 4 t o Wind ow s Not ep ad t o easily p ast e it int o r 3, r 4, and r 5. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Exa mPages: pl e 8430- 4 . Not e pa d Fil e I n clu di ng Passw or ds a nd Host s Ta ble

enable password donna Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ip host r1 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern192.168.2.1 et w or k Tr oub 192.168.4.1 leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit hhost ip t his br2 ook, 192.168.4.2 you can: 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.1 ip host r3 192.168.2.2 192.168.5.2 192.168.6.2 192.168.3.1 10.2.2.1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ip host r4 10.2.2.2 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ip host r5 10.1.1.2 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her line vty 0 4 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies loginDiagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g password donna Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s line console 0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es logging synchronous Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h exit cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Ex am ple 3- 5 an d Ex am ple 3- 6 st ar t my r3 conf igur at ion. My r 3 is a Cisco 36 40, but you can use Desig ned for ing has CCNP E(Et r) hern pr of et essionals, isp en sab le g uidef or b uilds on. any Cisco rouaspir t er t hat at and leastCCI one int er facet his andind f our serial in tlab er f aces t he lab Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Alt hou gh t he capab ilit ies ar e not imp or t ant in t h is ch apt er , hav ing m ult iple serial in t er f aces on a oubleshoot ingy ou exam . Full pr act icalFr exam er cises t h at ou er r eady challenges oning t he rTrout er enables t o set u pofy our own e Relay swgitet chy lat in t hfeorbook . Depend onj ob, t he CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough capabilit ies, t he Fast Et hern et int er face w ill giv e y ou an opp or t unit y t o exp er im en t w it h dur ealplex w or ldspeed ap plicat ion of LANwell. and WAN t op ics. and concept s as CCNP actam icalple St3ud5ies: r ovides it hint p ract icalwinf or mat all fa2/ t h e 0 t h at Not e inPrEx t hatTrIoublesh at t empoot t edintgo pconf ig ur ey tou he we0 er face hen it w ion as r on eally im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ g t I n eeded t o conf igur e. A p hy sical in sp ect ion of t he d ev ice con fir m ed t h at t h e Fast Et h er netinpor

w as locat ed in Slot 2 ; because y ou can 't phy sically see m y device, how ever , I p roceeded w it h t he show i nt e rf aces com m and.

NO TE •

s I n pr act Table ical t rofouContent bleshoot in g, d on't f org et t he lit t le t hings. For ex amp le, t he posit ion of I ndex t he car et ( ^ ) is qu it e helpfu l in find in g ex act ly w here t he sy nt ax er ror ex ist s w it hin a CCNP line. P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing •

By Donna L. Har rington

Wher ever y ou see . . . I elimin at ed som e of t he ou t pu t t o sh or t en t h e len gt h of t he conf ig ur at ion. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 3 - 5 . r 3 Conf i gur a t i on ( 3 6 4 0 )

Router(config)#hostname r3 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tr3(config)#enable icket s b ased on Ciscopassword I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. donna Wit h t his b ook, you can: r3(config)#ip host r1 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.4.1 10.1.1.1 r3(config)#ip 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.1 Set u p an d fhost ollow r2 along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar 192.168.6.1 ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r3(config)#$192.168.2.2 192.168.5.2 192.168.6.2 192.168.3.1 10.2.2.1 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r3(config)#ip host r4 10.2.2.2 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r3(config)#ip r5 10.1.1.2 t r oub leshoothost ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and vty t r oublesh r3(config)#line 0 4 oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r3(config-line)#login Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r3(config-line)#password donna " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r3(config-line)#line console 0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r3(config-line)#logging synchronous aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r3(config-line)#exit App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r3(config)#int e0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w^ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, % Invalid input at '^' CCNP Pr act ical St uddetected ies: Tr oublesh oot in marker. g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r3(config)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r3#show im por t antinterfaces con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Hardware is CD2430 in sync mode ... FastEthernet2/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down • •

Table of Content s ndexAmdFE, address is 00b0.6481.e300 (bia 00b0.6481.e300) Hardware I is

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

MTU 1500 bytes, By Donna L. Har rington

BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Half-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 84 0 ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 ARPPages: type:

... r3#configure terminal Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Enter line. End t icket s bconfiguration ased on Cisco I ncommands, t ern et w or k one Tr oubper leshoot in g ( CI T) with t opics.CNTL/Z. r3(config)#interface Wit h t his b ook, you can: fastethernet 2/0 r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip mentserial 0/0 r3(config-router)#interface Est ablish a baseline and docu r3(config-if)#desc r3s0/0 to ment r1s1 y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing64 t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r3(config-if)#bandwidth t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r3(config-if)#no shut " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r3(config-if)#interface serial 0/1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r3(config-if)#description to and r2s0collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed and du plex ,r3s0/1 u t ilizat ion aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r3(config-if)#clock env iron ment s rate 64000 Desig ned for aspir ingaddress CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of255.255.255.0 essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r3(config-if)#ip 192.168.6.2 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r3(config-if)#no shut CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and serial WAN t op0/2 ics. r3(config-if)#interface CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in gto p r ovides r3(config-if)#description r3s0/2 r2s1 y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64 r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0 r3(config-if)#no shut •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donnaconf L. Har rington Finish igur ing r 3,

r 4, and r 5 an d t est you r configu r at ions.

NowPub t hlish ater: y ou hav e config ur ed y our lab , per for m som e basic low er - lay er t est s t o v er ify you r Cisco Press dr aw ing and y our er net w or k. Mak e su r e all used in t er f aces ar e in a line p rot ocol up st at e as in Pub Dat e: April 0 4, int 20 03 Ex am ple 36; if t h ey are not in a lin e pr ot ocol up st at e, f ix any not iceable pr oblem s at t his point . I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Not ice how show i p i nt e rf ace br ie f is a v er y ap pr opr iat e comm an d t o qu ick ly spot low er - lev el Pages: 84 0 issu es.

Exa m pl e 3 - 6 . I P I n t e r fa ce Te st i ng Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1>show ip interface brief Wit h t his b ook, you can: Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Ethernet0 192.168.1.1 YES NVRAM up up w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Ethernet1 192.168.4.1 manual up Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our phYES ysical and logical n et w or k

up

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh owup , clear , debu g, an d ot her up Serial0 10.1.1.1 YES NVRAM t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Serial1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly ( r ) OS and Cisco r2>show ipstinterface briefI OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop IP-Address ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t oStatus r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface OK? Method

Protocol

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Ethernet0 192.168.4.2

up

YES NVRAM

up

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Serial0 192.168.6.1 YES NVRAM up up cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Serial1 192.168.5.1 YES NVRAM administratively down down App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r3>show ip ment interface brief env iron s Interface OK? Method Status Protocol Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP IP-Address and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Serial0/0 YES unset down Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full 192.168.2.2 of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on tdown he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSerial0/1 YES unset up up w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and192.168.6.2 WAN t op ics. Serial0/2 192.168.5.2 YESy ou unset CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides w it h p down ract ical inf or mat ion on all tdown he im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0/3

unassigned

YES unset

down

down

192.168.3.1

YES manual up

down

OK? Method Status

Protocol

... FastEthernet2/0

r4>show ip interface brief •

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Interface

IP-Address

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Ethernet0/0

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

10.2.2.2

YES manual down

unassigned

YES unset

Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

BRI0

unassigned

YES unset

By Donna L. Har rington

Serial0/0

down

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Serial0/1 Pub Dat e:

April 0 4, 20 03

administratively down down

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r5>sh ip int brie Pages: 84 0

Protocol

administratively down down

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ethernet0

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Serial0 10.1.1.2 YES manual up up w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Serial1 unassigned unset administratively down down Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our phYES ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

NO TE

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I n t he r eal w or ld of sup por t ing net w ork s, I t y pically use t h e sh ort cu t sh i p int br ie t o " Snif f" tident he wify ir e my t o sp et w or k issu es ad dr esses. I sp ell br ie f ou t t o t he ch eese qu ick ly in ot t erfnace st at us and ( br ie ) just in case t her e ar e any I SDN Basic Rat e I nt er faces ( BRI ) . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Think about t hese line and pr ot ocol issues. Targ et t he low er lay er s t o get all t he r equir ed App lyt oa alay rou ing odology o reck eal-ylife t ing and swit g ing int er faces ster ated us tof upblesh / up boot ef or e ymet ou hcont in ue. tCh ourrou w or k using t h e chin follow env iron ment s exam ples. Desig aspir CCNP E( assign r) pr ofed essionals, t hisan ind sab le labr atgively uide bdow uilds onat us First Ined spotfor t ed, f or ing int er face and s1, tCCI he un I P ad dr ess d isp t heenadm inist n st Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP on r 1, w hich I corr ect in Ex am ple 3- 7. Because m y int er face comm an d w as in t er r up t ed once Tr oubleshoot exam . Full pr act er cisesous t h aton g et f oritchallenges m or e, I m usting h ave f or got t enoflog ginical g syex nchron r 1,y ou so rIeady add ed and sav ed on t het he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealconf ig ur at ion. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Exa pl econ 3 -cep 7 .t sCor ectt oi ng t e r f ace ing I ssu 1 CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im porm t ant cen rt ral t h e It rnoubleshoot pores t ionon of trhe

r1(config)#interface serial 1 r1(config-if)#description s1 to r3s0/0 r1(config-if)#bandwidth 64 •

Table of Content s

• I ndex r1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(config-if)#no By Donna L. Har rington shut 05:16:39: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 05:16:40: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

to Pages: up

84 0

r1(config-if)#end r1#sh i Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 05:16:50: Configured from by consolep int brief t icket s b ased%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in gconsole ( CI T) t opics. Interface Wit h t his b ook, you can:

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

Ethernet0 192.168.1.1 YES NVRAM up up Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Ethernet1 192.168.4.1 YES manual up up Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our phYES ysical and logical n et w or k Serial0 10.1.1.1 NVRAM up

up

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh owup , clear , debu g, an d ot her up Serial1 192.168.2.1 YES manual t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1#configure terminal Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1(config)#line console 0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1(config-line)#logging synchronous Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1(config-line)#end cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1#copy running-config startup-config App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( nt er w ork Trou bleshoot g ( CI ics t hat ep areidty houstfor t he The r 1r) s1 I int ernet face w ould hav e com einup finT) e wt op it hout t he pb randw at em enCCNP t , b ut it is opt im al Tr oubleshoot examt o. Full preact exect er cises t h at challenges on tThe he j ob, for rou t ing pring ot ocols conf of igur t h ical e corr b andw idtghetst yatou emr eady en t onf ory our int er faces. CCNP Pr act ud ies: as Tr oublesh g gt ainly ives ym ouakan e ov er oot t heing com pet it ion t hr you oughk now r ealde scr ipt ionical is St opt ional w ell, buoot t itincer es edg t r oublesh easier w hen w or ldlyapwplicat of LANedand WAN t op ics. Now m ove alon g t o r 2, wh ich has issues w it h int erf ace exact hat ision connect t o an int er face. s1 bein g ad m in ist r at iv ely dow n. Fix t hese issu es n ow and check y our w or k in Ex am ple 3- 8. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 3 - 8 . Cor r ect i ng I n t e r f ace I ssu es on r 2

r2(config)#interface serial 1 r2(config-if)#no shut •

Table of Content s

05:20:08: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

05:20:09: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, By Donna L. Har rington

changed state to up Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 r2(config-if)#end I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r2#show ip84interface brief Pages: 0 Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

Ethernet0

192.168.4.2

YES NVRAM

up

up

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Serial0 192.168.6.1 YES NVRAM up up t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial1 Wit h t his b ook, you can:

192.168.5.1

YES NVRAM

up

up

r2#copy running-config startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r 3 requ ir es y ou t o look at you r dr aw ing m or e closely so t hat y ou can concen t r at e on just t he I dent being if y t r oublesh oot ing ar get using t rdr ace, sh ow , clear ot her int er faces used . Con figutre anys m issingpin I Pg,ad esses and issue, debu a no g, shan utdcom m and on any t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies used in t er f aces t h at ar e show ing as adm inist r at ively dow n . Check t he st at us of t he int er faces in Ex am ple 3- 9. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Exa m plin e st3r -u 9ct.orCor ected i ng I nlem t e -risolat f aceion I ssu on 3 Use - d evrelop p rob m et es hods t o rr esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze interface local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r3#show ip brief cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, mor e Status Interface IP-Address OK?and Method Protocol App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology o r eal- life Serial0/0 192.168.2.2 YES tmanual uprou t ing and swit chin g up env iron ment s Serial0/1 192.168.6.2 YES manual up up Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t opYES ics tmanual hat p r epup are y ou for t he CCNP Serial0/2 192.168.5.2 up Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives yYES ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSerial0/3 unassigned manual down down w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ... CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

FastEthernet2/0

192.168.3.1

YES manual up

down

Ex am ple 3- 9 in dicat es t hat a pr oblem st ill exist s w it h s0/ 3 and fa2 / 0. Th e ot her end ( h ost ) is not r unn ing for m y Et her net host c con nect ion , but y ou need t o ex am ine f ur t her t he cau se of t he dow n / dow n st at us f or s0/ 3. Think abou t w h at 's in y our t ool bag fr om t he pr ecedin g chap t er t o • Table of Content s assist you f ur t her in sp ot t ing low er - lay er pr oblem s. Check y our t houg ht s ag ainst Ex am ple 3- 10. •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Exa m pl e 3 - 1 0 . Cor r e ct in g Ph ysica l I ssue s on r 3 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 serial 0/3 r3#show controllers Pages: 84 0

CD2430 Slot 0, Port 3, Controller 0, Channel 3, Revision 15 Channel mode is synchronous serial idb 0x6129A1A0, buffer size 1524, V.35 DTE cable Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ... Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Ev eryw t hitinhout g look the s nact orm ualalequip on t hment e r 3 end of t h in gs f r om a p hy sical p oin t of v iew , so now in vest igat e t he ot her end of t he conn ect ion as in Ex am ple 3- 11. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Exa m pl e 3 - 1 1 . I nv est i gat e r 4 se r ia l 0 / 0 Conn ect ion t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r4#show controllers serial 0/0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface Serial0/0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Hardware is Quicc 68360 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling,cable sp eedattached and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, No serial aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e idb at 0x60AC9A40, driver data structure at 0x60ACEE10 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ... env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP ical ud ies: oublesh g g ives y ou anmedg e ov er tIhe comypet ion dt hr r eal-if I h avePr anactad vanStt age in tTr hat I can oot phyinsically inspect y dev ices; hope ou itcan o tough h e same w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. y ou ar e f ollowin g alon g in y our ow n lab. I f y ou look ver y closely in t he pict ur e of m y equ ip ment , y ou m ay b e able t o det ect t he er r or , but I w on' t assum e t h at f or now . The show cont r oll er s CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e com man ds cert ain ly disp lay t he p rob lem here. Alt h ough I d id n ot specif ically illust r at e t he out pu t im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

of show cont r oll er s s0 / 1 , t h e out p ut of s0 / 0 is q uit e h elpf ul. I had t he cable p lu gged int o s0 / 1 r at her t h an s0/ 0 on r 4. On t he 36 40, s0 / 0 is closest t o t he pow er sw it ch , w hich is t yp ical. Th is m ist ak e af fect ed t h e ser ial conn ect ion bet w een r 3 an d r4 . Ex am ple 3- 12 sh ows t he ou t put show ip i nt e rf ace br ie f af t er t he phy sical cor r ect ion and assig ning t he appr opr iat e add r ess t o s0 / 3.

Exa m pl e 3 - 1 2 . Aft er t he Ph ysical Cabl e Sw a p f r om ser i al 0 / 1 t o se r ia l •0 / 0 Table of Content s •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r3#show ip interface brief Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

192.168.2.2

YES manual up

up

Serial0/1

192.168.6.2

YES manual up

up

Serial0/2

192.168.5.2

YES manual up

up

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: Serial0/0

1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

Serial0/3 10.2.2.1 YES manual up I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble up Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ... Wit h t his b ook, you can: FastEthernet2/0 192.168.3.1 YES manual up down Set urunning-config p an d f ollow alongstartup-config w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r3#copy w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k if ying t r oublesh oot t aronline, get s using pin g,Ett rher ace, debuldg, chan an d ge ot her Aft er Iydent ou br y our h ost s ing back t h e Fast netsh2ow / 0 ,stclear at us, shou fr om t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies up / dow n t o up / up. I give t hat a t est in Ex am ple 3- 13. My Fast Et her net in t er f ace did n ot com e up w hen I br oug ht t he h ost online, so f ollow along t o d et er m ine t h e issue. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided st ( rI) not OSed and Cisco ) Sof t wkarcar e com m anddinp t put loggin The f irCat st aly t hing w as t hatI OS( t he rnet w or d d ongle id nutot, ou ligh t up, and f or 10 or 1g00 Mbp s. Next , look at Figur e 3- 1 an d lab el w hat t yp e of cable y ou n eed if you hav e t h e PC con nect ed Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s dir ect ly in t o t h e Fast Et h er net por t . Cat egor y 5 cr ossov er is cor r ect . I f ix ed t he pr ob lem b y r ep lacing or iginal aigh t hr cabesle wit h a cr ossover Cat eg ory 5 in - lin e cou pler so t h at I " Snifm f" yt he w ir e t st o rsp ot nt -et w oug or k hissu could use t w o shor t st raig ht - t hr ou gh cab les t o m ak e my con nect ion . Figur e 3- 4 sh ows a pict ur e of t heAnaly cou pler . I n prand act ical ion,prt his is ws her e using w ou ld issues help you ze local r em applicat ot e access oblem in Et hern etcolor net wed or cab ks, les in clud ing w ittho v er y qu ick ly spot t he issu e. For ex am ple, use t h e nor m al gr ay cable f or st raig ht t h rou gh and cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ayuse linrk,ed for cr aut ossover s. Thing s appear t o be w or k ing for n ow in Ex am ple 313. o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env Exa m pliron e 3ment - 1 3s. Fast Et he r ne t 2 / 0 St a t us Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam . Fullfastethernet of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r3#show runing interface 2/0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. interface FastEthernet2/0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

no ip directed-broadcast end ... 07:22:02: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet2/0, • •

Table of Content s

changedI ndex state to up

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r3#show ip interface brief By Donna L. Har rington

Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

192.168.2.2

YES manual up

up

192.168.6.2

YES manual up

up

Serial0/2

192.168.5.2

YES manual up

up

Serial0/3

10.2.2.1

YES manual up

up

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Serial0/0 Pub Dat e:

April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Serial0/1 Pages:

84 0

Hand ... s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. FastEthernet2/0 Wit h t his b ook, you can:

192.168.3.1

YES manual up

up

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish aFigu baseline ment y our and logical n ete w or k pl er r e 3and - 4 .docu Cr ossov er ph Caysical t e gor y 5 I n - lin Cou I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Mak e App sur ely yaoulay h er ave all cor hat rou yout ing need forswit y our labg , so t h at y ou edmad t roueblesh ootrect ingions, met hincludin odologyg ttoh ose r eal-t life and chin can con t inue the ts est s in Ex am ple 3- 14 f or som e sim p le rou t er ping t est s. Recall f r om t he env iron ment pr ecedin g chap t ers t hat ping t est s up t hr oug h Lay er 3 . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot . Fulli ng of pr ex erar cises t h at ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Exa m pl e 3ing - 1 exam 4 . Test t hacte ical Scen io w it hg etPiyng CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act r1>ping r2ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.4.2, timeout is 2 seconds: .!!!! Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms •

Table of Content s

r1>ping r3 I ndex • CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Type escape sequence to abort. By Donna L. Har rington

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

!!!!! Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Success rate Pages: 84 0 is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/30/32 ms r1>ping r4 Type escape sequence to abort. Hand s- on 5, pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ an d W AN t r ouble Sending 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.2.2.2, timeout isI P, 2 LAN, seconds: t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ..... Wit h t his b ook, you can: Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1>ping r5 t h e act ual equip ment w it hout Type Est escape ablish sequence a baseline to andabort. docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Sending ICMP 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2, debu seconds: I dent5, if y 100-byte t r oublesh oot ing tEchos ar get s to using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies !!!!! Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r )is OS100 and percent Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put=, and loggin gms Success rate (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max 28/30/32 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Next check t he r out ing t ab les an d rou t ing pr ot ocols as in Ex am ple 3- 15 t o m ak e su r e r1 h as a Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r out e t o get t o r 4. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Exa m pllye a3lay - 1er 5 ed . r t1rou Rou t ioot nging Tabl App blesh mete h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r1>show iperroute Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g gIives y ou anRedg ov er Mt he pet it ion t hrBGP ough r ealCodes: C -ical connected, S - static, - IGRP, - e RIP, - com mobile, B w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant t s cen t ralexternal t o t h e t r oubleshoot t ion ofNSSA t he CCNP cer t ificat ion,2 includ in g N1con - cep OSPF NSSA type 1, ing N2 por - OSPF external type

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is not set... • •

C

Table of Content s I ndex

192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

By Donna L. Har rington R 192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:02, Serial1 Pub 10.0.0.0/24 lish er: Cisco Press

is subnetted, 1 subnets

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

C R C

10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

192.168.6.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:02, Serial1 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s192.168.3.0/24 b ased on Cisco I n[120/1] t ern et w orvia k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial1 R 192.168.2.2, 00:00:02, Wit h t his bip ook, you can: r1>show protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 3 seconds Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Outgoing update for all interfaces is not set t r oub leshoot ing tfilter ools an dlist u t ilit ies Incoming update filteroot list interfaces is along not set Diagn ose and t r oublesh act ufor al prall oblem s by f ollow ing w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Redistributing: rip Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Default version control: send version 1, receive any version " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Interface Send Recv Key-chain Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Ethernet0 1 plex , 1 2 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Ethernet1 1 1 2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Serial0 1 1 2 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Serial1 1 1 2 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Routing for Networks: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 10.0.0.0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por192.168.1.0 t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

192.168.2.0 192.168.4.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway • •

Distance

Last Update

Table of Content s

192.168.2.2 I ndex

120

00:00:02

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Distance: (default is 120)

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 58 720 57 -0 t he issue h er e; t h e out p ut con t ains som e pr et t y useful infor m at ion Con t inue t o 1-t hin k -0 about ( par t icular Pages:ly84t0he shad ed ar eas) . How ev er, you should analy ze any pr oblems t hat I specif ically m en t ioned and fix t h em now . Ch eck y our conf igur at ions against m ine so t hat y ou can r et u rn an d cont inu e t o t est out end - t o- end host con nect iv it y . I m ade a few ot h er min or chang es, w hich I high lig ht in t h e nex t f ew ex am ples. Ex am ples 3- 1 6 t hr ough 3- 2 1 in clu de t he ru nning conf ig ur at ions f or all m y r out er s at t his t im e.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO TE

Ch r un ning andw it stharrealt up config at scenar ions is ios notaligned t h e most ficient w ayt op t oic, w it h or Seteck u ping antdhef ollow along w or ld ur lab t o ef each ex am tw r oub leshoot , b ut t his is a good check t o m ak e su re t hat you r config ur at ions ar e as it hout t h e act ual equip ment close t o m ine as p ossible w it h y our lab en vir onm ent . For t hose of you w ho ar e r ely ing on e for ay our lab, t hand is gives y ou any our oppor un it y and t o analyze conf Estm ablish baseline docu ment ph tysical logical tnhe et w or kigur at ions f or exist ing and f ut ur e issues. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Exa m pl e 3 - 1 6 . r 1 ( 2 5 1 4 ) Con fi gu r at ion Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#show " Snifrunning-config f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, hostname r1 iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e aut o negot Apppassword ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g enable donna env iron ment s ip subnet-zero Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI 192.168.4.1 T) t op ics t hat p10.1.1.1 r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ip host r1er192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealip host r2ical 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.1 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ip host r3 192.168.2.2 192.168.5.2 192.168.6.2 192.168.3.1 10.2.2.1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ip host r4 10.2.2.2 ip host r5 10.1.1.2 ! interface Ethernet0 • •

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description e0 to hosta and hostb I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

By Donna L. Har rington

no ip directed-broadcast Pub lish er: Cisco Press

interface Ethernet1 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

description e1 to r2e0 Pages: 84 0

ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast Hand s- on prSerial0 act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble interface t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. description s0 to r5s0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: bandwidth 64 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment no ip directed-broadcast Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k no ip mroute-cache I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies no fair-queue Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided interface Serial1 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or -to d evr3s0/0 elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s description s1 " Snif f" t he bandwidth 64 w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot255.255.255.0 e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ip address 192.168.2.1 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut directed-broadcast o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e no ip App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g router rip env iron ment s network 10.0.0.0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP network 192.168.1.0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealnetwork 192.168.2.0 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. network CCNP Pr act192.168.4.0 ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ip classless line con 0 logging synchronous transport input none •

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•

I ndex

line aux 0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

line vty 0 4

By Donna L. Har rington

password donna Pub lish er: Cisco Press

login Pub Dat e:

April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

end

Pages: 84 0

r1#

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tNext icket look s b ased I n tat ern et w k am Tr oub at r 2on 's Cisco conf igur ion inorEx ple leshoot 3- 17. in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pl e 3 - 1 7 . r 2 ( 2 5 0 1 ) Con fi gu r at ion Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2#show running-config ... I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies hostname r2 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat password aly st ( r ) OSdonna and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g enable Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ip subnet-zero " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ip host r1 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.4.1 10.1.1.1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ip host r2 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.1 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion192.168.6.1 and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ip host r3 192.168.2.2 192.168.5.2 192.168.6.2 192.168.3.1 10.2.2.1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ip host r4 ment 10.2.2.2 env iron s ip host Desig ned r5 for 10.1.1.2 aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP interface Tr oubleshootEthernet0 ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eale0ofto r1e1 wdescription or ld ap plicat ion LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical 192.168.4.2 St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ip address 255.255.255.0 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

no ip directed-broadcast interface Serial0 description s0 to r3s0/1 bandwidth 64 • •

Table of Content s

ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

no ip directed-broadcast

By Donna L. Har rington

no ip mroute-cache Pub lish er: Cisco Press

noPub fair-queue Dat e: April 0 4,

20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

interface Serial1 Pages: 84 0

description s1 to r3s0/2 bandwidth 64 Hand s- on pr act192.168.5.1 ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ip address 255.255.255.0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. no ip directed-broadcast Wit h t his b ook, you can: router rip Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or network 192.168.4.0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment network 192.168.5.0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k network I dent if192.168.6.0 y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ip classless Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided line Cat con aly0st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use insynchronous st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s logging " Snif f" t he w ir e none t o sp ot n et w or k issu es transport input ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h line Analy aux 0 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, o negot line aut vty 0 4 iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g password donna env iron ment s login Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP end Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2# w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Mak e any adju st m ent s t o y our r 2 , and t hen analy ze t he r 3 conf ig ur at ion in Ex am ple 3- 18.

Exa m pl e 3 - 1 8 . r 3 ( 3 6 4 0 ) Con fi gu r at ion

•

Table of Content s r3#show running-config •

I ndex

CCNP ... P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

hostname r3 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

enable password donna Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

ip subnet-zero Pages: 84 0

ip host r1 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.4.1 10.1.1.1 ip host r2 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.1 ip host Hand s- on r3 pr act 192.168.2.2 ice for t he CCNP 192.168.5.2 Tr oubleshoot 192.168.6.2 ing exam w192.168.3.1 it h TCP/ I P, LAN, 10.2.2.1 an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ip host r4 10.2.2.2 Wit h t his b ook, you can: ip host r5 10.1.1.2 Set u p Serial0/0 an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or interface w it hout t h e act ual equip ment description s0/0 to r1s1 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k bandwidth I dent if y 64 t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided no ip Catdirected-broadcast aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g no ip Usemroute-cache in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s clockrate " Snif f" t he 64000 w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy zeSerial0/1 local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h interface cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negots0/1 iat ion,to addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e description r2s0 App ly a 64 lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g bandwidth env iron ment s ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) directed-broadcast I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP no ip Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealclockrate 64000 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. interface Serial0/2 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

description s0/2 to r2s1 bandwidth 64 ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast • •

Table of Content s

clockrate 64000 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

...

By Donna L. Har rington

interface FastEthernet2/0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

description Pub Dat e: Aprilfa2/0 0 4, 20 03to hostc I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 Pages: 84 0

no ip directed-broadcast router rip Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble network 10.0.0.0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. network 192.168.2.0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: network 192.168.3.0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or network 192.168.5.0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment network 192.168.6.0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ip classless I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies line con 0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided logging Cat alysynchronous st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st rinput u ct or - dnone ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s transport Snif f"0 t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es line "aux ze 4local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h line Analy vty 0 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e password donna App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g login env iron ment s end Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r3# Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Descr ioncon s arcep e tthe on ly I f ounding n ecessar y and t h is maycer seem a ion, lit t leinclud m un dane, im poript t ant s cen t ralmod t o ificat t h e t rions oubleshoot por t ion of t he CCNP t ificat in g

bu t d ocu ment at ion is ex t r em ely helpfu l for t r oublesh oot ing. Nex t analyze t he r 4 con figu r at ion in Ex am ple 3- 19.

Exa m pl e 3 - 1 9 . r 4 ( 3 6 2 0 ) Con fi gu r at ion •

Table of Content s

r4#show running-config • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

...

By Donna L. Har rington

hostname r4 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 enable password donna I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

ip host r184192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.4.1 10.1.1.1 Pages: 0 ip host r2 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.1 ip host r3 192.168.2.2 192.168.5.2 192.168.6.2 192.168.3.1 10.2.2.1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ip host r4 10.2.2.2 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ip 10.1.1.2 Wit hhost t his br5 ook, you can: interface Ethernet0/0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or no ip address w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k shutdown I dent if ySerial0/0 t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her interface t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies description s0/0 to r3s0/3 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r10.2.2.2 ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ip address 255.255.255.0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s no ip mroute-cache " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es bandwidth 64 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h clockrate cabling, 64000 sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e interface Serial0/1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g no ip envaddress iron ment s shutdown Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP router rip ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal10.0.0.0 wnetwork or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ip classless im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

line con 0 logging synchronous line aux 0 line vty 0 4 • •

Table of Content s

password donna I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

login

By Donna L. Har rington

end Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r4#Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

Last but not least , com par e y our r 5 conf ig ur at ion t o Ex am ple 3- 20. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Exa m pl e 3 - 2 0 . 3 -2 0 r 5 ( 2 5 1 6 ) Conf i gur a t i on t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r5#show running-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ... w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish hostname r5 a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her enable password donna t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ip subnet-zero Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and10.1.1.1 inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ip host r1st192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.4.1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ip host r2 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ip host r3 192.168.2.2 192.168.5.2 192.168.6.2 192.168.3.1 10.2.2.1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ip host r4 10.2.2.2 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ip host r5 10.1.1.2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g hub ether 1 s env iron0ment link-test Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Trauto-polarity oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal... w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e interface Serial0 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

description s0 to r1s0 bandwidth 64 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast • •

Table of Content s

no ip mroute-cache I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

no fair-queue

By Donna L. Har rington

clockrate 64000 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

...Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

router rip

Pages: 84 0

network 10.0.0.0 ip classless Hand on pr line s-con 0 act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. logging synchronous Wit h t his b ook, you can: transport input none Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or line aux 0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment line Est vty 0 4 a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ablish password I dent if ydonna t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies login Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided end Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r5# Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h eed andeddumplex t ilizat b andw CSMA/ CD,t able on e- display w ay lin k, Alt houcabling, gh you sp hav e t est an y, tuhing s, ion t herand e is collisions, st ill a pr oblem w idt it h h, t he r ou t ing ( as aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e y ou w it n essed in Ex am ple 3- 15) . Th er e ar e m any w ay s t o fix t h is pr oblem , and by n ow I p redict t hat y ou t hor ough ly looked t hr oug h t h e config ur at ions and r esear ched y our net w ork diagr am App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ( r efer t o Figur e 3- 1 ) t o spot t he issue of discon t igu ous subn et s. env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, NO TE CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldThis ap plicat ionably of LAN andort WAN is p rob an opp u ne ttop imics. e t o r ev iew I P classless, b ecause it aut om at ically show ed u p in y our conf igur at ions. I t is t he d ef ault for I OS 12. 0 and it ver y m uch CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e aff ect s how t h e r out er does a looku p an d wh et her it m ak es use of a d ef ault r ou t e ev en im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

if one ex ist s. Believ e it or not , t he ip cla ssl e ss com m and chang es t he classf ul look up t o classless even for classful rou t ing pr ot ocols. At t im es t he r ou t er mig ht r eceiv e pack et s dest in ed f or a sub net of a net w or k t hat has n o net w or k defau lt r out e. To hav e t he Cisco I OS soft w ar e f orw ar d such p ack et s t o t he b est su pern et r out e p ossible, use t he ip cla ssl e ss g lobal conf igur at ion comm and . To disab le t his f eat u r e, use t he n o for m of t his comm an d: no ip cla ssl ess. I ' ll hav e y ou ex perim ent w it h t h is in t he Tr ouble Tick et s. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

The Rout ing I nf orm at ion Pr ot ocol ( RI P) does n ot su ppor t discont ig uous su bnet s, or at least By L. Harnot rington RIDonna Pv 1 does su ppor t t his. How ev er , w hat w ould b e t he result of chan ging t h e rou t ing pr ot ocol t o RI Pv2 ? Ex am ple 3- 21 d isp lays t he st eps necessar y t o chan ge t h e exist ing RI Pv 1 t o RI Pv 2 on r 1; Pub repeat hesePress st ep s on r2 t h rou gh r5 as w ell. lish er: t Cisco Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Exa mPages: pl e 8430- 2 1 . Con f igu r in g RI Pv 2

r1(config)#router rip Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1(config-router)#version ? t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. version Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-router)#version 2 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1(config-router)#end w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1#copy running-config startup-config Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose ze and ooty our act ucon al pr oblem s by ingatalong w itpu h taut or- p r ovided Test and analy t h ter oublesh r esult s of figu rat ion . Firf ollow st look t h e out of hshow i p r out e an d st (ocols r ) OS as andinCisco OS(3r ) 22 Sofan t wdart est e com t putple , and loggin g showCat i p aly p rot Ex amI ple w itm h and p inginp asutin, ou Ex am 3- 23. D isplay t he r out ing t ab le, t he I P r out in g p rot ocols, and ensur e t h at r 1 can p ing all ot her r out er s befor e y ou Use st r upar ct or ev result elop eds tporob leme- isolat mer etmin hods r esolv e Tr Tick cont inu e. in Com e -tdhe Figur 3- 1 t oion det e ift oany t hing is ouble m issing . et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, NO TE aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e I assum e y ou ar e f am iliar w it h t he rou t ing t able legend t hat t ells you t h at R is for RI P App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g and C is for d ir ect ly con nect ed r out es, so I h ave elim inat ed t hat p ar t of t h e rou t ing env iron ment s t able d isp lay in m any ex am ples. Refer back t o Ex am ple 3- 15 if y ou need t o r ev iew it Desigagain. ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealExa plplicat e 3 -ion 2 2of. LAN Testand i ngWAN a ndt opAn w or ldmap ics.al yz in g r 1 RI Pv 2 Rou t e s an d Pr ot ocols CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#show ip route ... C

192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1

R

192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:13, Serial1

• •

Table of Content s

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

R

10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:13, Serial1

By Donna L. Har rington

C

10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

R

Pub192.168.6.0/24 Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

[120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:13, Serial1

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

C

192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

Pages: 84 0

C

192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

R

192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:13, Serial1

Hand s- on ip pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1#show protocols t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Routing Protocol is "rip" Wit h t his b ook, you can: Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 1 seconds Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Outgoing filter listment for yall interfaces is notn et set Est ablishupdate a baseline and docu our ph ysical and logical w or k Incoming filter allpininterfaces is, clear not ,set I dent if y update t r oublesh oot ing tlist ar get sfor using g, t r ace, sh ow debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Redistributing: rip Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Default version control: send version 2, m receive version Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com and inp ut , ou t put ,2and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface Send Recv Key-chain " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp2ot n et w2or k issu es Ethernet0 Analy ze local and r em pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Ethernet1 2 ot e access 2 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr Serial0 2 essing 2 , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Serial1 2 2 env iron ment s Routing for Networks: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 10.0.0.0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal192.168.1.0 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP192.168.2.0 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

192.168.4.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway

Distance

192.168.2.2 • •

120

Last Update 00:00:05

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Distance: (default is 120) I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r2#show ip route By Donna L. Har rington

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP Pub lish er: Cisco Press

De: -April EIGRP, Pub Dat 0 4, 20 03EX

- EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

Pages: 84 0

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default Hand s- onU pr ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot - act per-user static route, o - ing ODRexam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Gateway of last resort is not set Wit h t his b ook, you can: C

192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

C

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

R

10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] 00:00:05, Ethernet0 Est ablish a baseline andvia docu192.168.4.1, ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

C

[120/1] 192.168.6.2, I dent if y t r oublesh oot ingvia t ar get s using pin g, t00:00:16, r ace, sh ow ,Serial0 clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies [120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:16, Serial1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 192.168.6.0/24 directly connected, Serial0 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and is Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

R

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem192.168.4.1, - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolvEthernet0 e Tr ouble Tick et s 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 00:00:05,

R

"192.168.2.0/24 Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:05, Ethernet0 Analy ze local and r [120/1] em ot e access oblem s in Et hern et net w orSerial0 ks, in clud ing issues w it h via pr 192.168.6.2, 00:00:16, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing via , encapsulat ion, and 00:00:16, mor e [120/1] 192.168.5.2, Serial1

R

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.2, 00:00:16, Serial0 env iron ment s

[120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:16, Serial1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Perf or m y our p in g t est s if y ou lik e, bu t y ou may not be any m or e successfu l t han y ou w er e w it h RI Pv 1 Pr fr om r 2' sStstud andp . Even if y ou f or ay ou h intw itas t h eical r ealinfissue h ion er e,on t h eallsam CCNP act ical ies: oin Tr toublesh oot in g wpere, r ovides h tporact or mat t h ee t hing w ould r if cep I t old yout ral t o tuse I nt ering ior por Gattew Pr ot ocol ( EIion, GRP)includ inst ead im por t occu ant con t s cen o t hEn e thanced r oubleshoot ionayofRou t het ing CCNP cer t ificat in g of

RI Pv 2. Th e fix is in Ex am ple 3- 23, so ch eck y our t h ough t s again st it an d m ak e any necessar y chang es t o y our conf igur at ions.

Exa m pl e 3 - 2 3 . Tur n in g Of f Aut om a t i c Su mm a r iz a t ion a nd Re v ie w i ng t h e Rou t i ng Tabl e •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Trrip r1(config)#router ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config-router)#no auto-summary Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1(config-router)#end Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 r1#copy running-config startup-config Pages: 84 0

r3(config)#router rip r3(config-router)#no Hand s- on pr act ice for t heauto-summary CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r3(config-router)#end Wit h t his b ook, you can: r3#copy running-config startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r2#show ip route Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub ing tEX ools d u t ilitexternal, ies D leshoot - EIGRP, - an EIGRP O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s i f"- t he IS-IS, " Snif w ir e tL1 o sp-otIS-IS n et w orlevel-1, k issu es L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U ze - per-user route, o - ODR Analy local and r static em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Gateway last resort is not set aut o of negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 192.168.4.0/24 isblesh directly connected, App ly a lay er ed t rou oot ing met h odology tEthernet0 o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( 10.0.0.0/24 r) I nt er net w orkisTrou bleshoot in g2 ( subnets CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP subnetted, Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh in g g ives y ou 00:00:00, an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealR 10.2.2.0 [120/1] via oot 192.168.6.2, Serial0 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:00, Serial1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im con cep t s cen t ral t o tvia h e t r192.168.4.1, oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g R por t ant10.1.1.0 [120/1] 00:00:20, Ethernet0 C

C

192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0

R

192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:20, Ethernet0

R

192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.2, 00:00:00, Serial0 [120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:00, Serial1

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[120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:20, Ethernet0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

By Donna L. Har rington R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.2, 00:00:01, Serial0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

[120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:01, Serial1

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

As a result of t he no au t o- sum m ar y com m and on r1 an d r 3, Ex am ple 3- 23 clearly illust r at es t hat r 2 is less conf used abou t w h er e t o send t h e pack et s dest in ed f or net w or k 10. 0. 0 .0 . RI Pv 2 is classless and RI Pv 1 is classful. Classless rou t ing pr ot ocols—such as RI Pv 2, EI GRP, Hand s-and on pr act foriatt eheSyst CCNP oubleshoot w it(hI STCP/ P, LAN, W AN r ouble OSPF, I nt erice m ed em -Tr t oI nt er m ed ing iat e exam Syst em I S) I—supp ortanv dariab le-tlengt h t icketet s bmased on (Cisco t ern et w or oub leshoot in g in( CI t opics. subn ask ing VLSM)I nan d sum mkarTr izat ion. All r out g pT)r ot ocols sup por t su mm ar izat ion, b ut t he classful ones do t hat in a fix ed m ann er , at t h e class b oundar y . Hence in t his exam p le, t he b ook, you rWit outhert his s could not d iffcan: er ent iat e b et w een 1 0. 1. 1. 0/ 2 4 and 10. 2. 2 .0 / 24 because a com plet ely dif fer en t net w or k sep ar at ed t h em . Th is is w hat is meant by d iscont ig uous su bnet s. The " Rou t ing Pr ot ocol" and " Sum m ar iz at ion " sect ions of t h is ch apt er pr ov ide a lit t le m or e d et ail. You can Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or count on gaining m or e pr act ical ex per ien ce wit h t h is issue in t h e Trou ble Ticket s. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

NO TE t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Just rem emb er t hat ping in g b y host nam e t ries only t h e fir st I P in t h e host s t ab le. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided How ev er , t he ot her addr esses in t he h ost s t able ( show host s) are r eachable v ia ot h er Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g com man ds, such as t e lne t . Ot her int er faces cou ld b e dow n or un reachab le and you wUse ouldn t it ed if you in gedion by m host nam e. t he eshow i p iTick nt e et rf sace in st't r kn u ctow or - abou d ev elop p robj ust lemp- isolat et hods t o So r esolv Tr ouble br ie f com m and comp lem ent s t his. Be w ary , h ow ev er, of t he on e- w ay link on Et her net . This ustt he m eans mw ayorbe t ranessm it t ing ( Tx ) but not receiv ing pack et s ( Rx ) or " Snifj f" w ir e tt ohat sp you ot n et k issu v ice v er sa. Keep in m ind t hat y ou t ran sm it over on e pair an d r eceiv e ov er t he ot her , so tAnaly he Phy n ev ex em pt om prs oblem s even t hou ghks,you k now zesical localLayer and risem ot eeraccess pr fr oblem in Et hern et net w or in clud ingyou issues w it h connect ed ev er y t hing p rop er ly . cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Aft er env y ouiron v er ment ify rou s t er con nect iv it y , m ove on t o v er ify host - t o- host con nect iv it y as in Ex am ple 324 . You m ay f in d Table 3 - 1 t o be a helpf ul g uide h er e. This is a good t im e t o ch eck t h e int erf aces Desig neding fort ab aspir and CCI E( r) er prs,of tessionals, his Iind isp'tendisplay sab le lab uide and r out les ing on CCNP all y our ot her r out oo. Alt houtgh didn t h egout pubt ,uilds all ofonm y Cisco( I nt er net w bleshoot ( CI T)t he t opcon ics figu t hatred p r ep ares yt ab oule. for t he CCNP r out er r) s can p ing allork m yTrou ot her r out erins gusing host Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Ex am ple 3- ical 24 dSt isp heoublesh host - t oh ost ingy fr ost ae tov o herost c. Icom assu me yout hr t ook t im e to CCNP Pr act udlays ies: t Tr oot in g t gest ives ouom anhedg t he pet it ion ough r ealconf ig ur t he appr opr iat eand def ault ay s f or y our h ost s; if n ot , do t hat now . w or ld apeplicat ion of LAN WANg tat opew ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porm t ant t rali ng t o t haend t r oubleshoot inggpor t ion -t ofo-H t he CCNP cer t ificat in g Exa pl econ 3 -cep 2 4t s. cen Test An al yz in Host ost Conn ection, iv itinclud y fr om

h ost a t o h ost c

C:\>ipconfig Windows 2000 IP Configuration •

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Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Connection-specific DNS Suffix

By Donna L. Har rington

. :

IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.11 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, Mask 20 03 Subnet

. . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Default Pages: 84 0

Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1

!!!hosta can ping itself C:\>ping 192.168.1.11 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Pinging 192.168.1.11 with 32 bytes of data: t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Reply from 192.168.1.11: bytes=32 time Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h and of du tplex t ilizat ion collisions, andw idtdh,Figur CSMA/ e- wtay k, Tablecabling, 3 - 3 list ssp t heed e fields h e I,Puheader ( pand ack et or dat agrbam ) , an e 3-CD, 5 shon ows he lin f irst aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e signif icant ping lines of t h e Sniff er packet cap t ur e of host a ping in g h ost c. Refer t o t he f ile chapt er 3 p ing fr om h ost a t o host c sniffer capt ur e. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Figu r e 3in-g5(.CIHost h eareRou er t he CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot T) t opaicsARPs t hat p rtep y ou tfor Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [ View full size im age]

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

HandNO s- onTE pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. The p r act ical st ud ies lab - based n at ur e of t he r est of t h e m at er ial in t his b ook assu mes Wit h som t his eb ook, can: basicyou kn ow ledg e of shoot ing t r oub le and w ork ing w it h t ools. As necessary , r efer back t o t he Ch apt er 1 encap su lat ion t op ic t o r eview t h e w ay dat a is pack aged in an I P pack Ford a r eview of t hweitSniff er w Pror o ld intlab er face andios h ow t o u set ot he t ool, refer b ic, ackwtitoh or Set uetp. an f ollow along h realscenar aligned each ex am t op Ch apt er 2, " Wh at 's in You r Tool Bag?" w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Tab le 3 -3 . The I P H ea de r ( Pack e t or Da t a gr a m ) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Fie ld s Bit s D e scri pt i on Use in st r u ct or - d4 ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat Version Version of I P.ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" gt t he or k tissu Header len h w ir e4t o sp ot n et wLeng h ines3 2- bit w ord s ( HLEN) . Pr iorit y anze d TOS 8 (m oreot e access Dat agpr ram hand lin g or t hete upp pr ot ing ocolissues ( delayw, it h Analy local and r em oblem s in Etfhern net weror- lay ks,erin clud det ail) t hr ou ghpu t , r eliab ilit y , an d cost ) . cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Tot al leng t h 16 Max im um lengt h of dat agr am is 65 535 by t es ( dat a and header ) . h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met iron ment s 16 I dentenv if icat ion

I dent if ies sm aller f r agm en t s t hat need t o be re- assem bled back int o t he sam e pack et . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( Flags r) I nt er net w ork 3 Trou bleshoot Specify in g ( CI w het T) ther op ics p ack t hat et pcan r ep be aref ryagm ou for en tted he an CCNP d w h et h er t her e Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ar eical anyexmerorcises e f rag t hment at g et s. y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealenplicat t of fset The orics. d er ( by t e count ) of t he f r agm en t in t he big packet for r ewFrag or ld map ion of 13 LAN and WAN t op assem bly p ur poses. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

TTL

8

Tim e- t o- liv e f or t he p ack et . Wh en it decr em en t s t o 0 , t h e pack et is discard ed . Keep s pack et s fr om looping f orev er .

Pr ot ocol

8

Point er t o t he u pper - layer p rot ocol.

Header check sum

16

For header int egr it y .

Sour ce I P • add ress •

32 - bit send in g n ode. Table of Content s

Dest inat ion IIndex P add ress

32

32 - bit r eceiv ing node.

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Op t ions

0– 32

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DatPub a

Dat e: April 0 4, 20Var 03 ies

Allow s I P t o su ppor t su ch opt ion s as secu rit y , t est ing, or debu gging . The act u al dat a and up per- lay er inf orm at ion.

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

View t he sum m ar y pan e t o b e aw ar e of t he g en er al p ack et f low w hen host a init iat ed a p ing t o host c in Figur e 3- 5 . Host a is on n et w or k 1 92. 16 8. 1. 0/ 2 4, an d h ost c is on net w ork 19 2. 168 . 3. 0/ 24 , so host a r elied on it s d ef ault gat ew ay ( local rou t er int er face) in w hich t o hand t he packet s. Lin e 28 show s t he local ARP r equest as a br oadcast com m and, and lin e 29 show s tHand he unicast r espon se fr om 19 168 . 1. 1 ( default gatwew . Com e tan h isd tW o tAN h e tar ouble rp – a s- on prARP act ice for t he CCNP Tr2. oubleshoot ing exam it hay) TCP/ I P, par LAN, out p ut on h ost a back in Ex am ple 326. Lin es 30 t o 3 7 illust r at e t h e I CMP Echo Req uest s and t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Echo Replies. Nor m ally, Micr osoft host s issue f our r equest s and fou r r ep lies, w her eas Cisco r outhert his s giv e y ouyou f ivecan: b y defau lt . How ev er , t her e ar e not fou r r ep lies her e. Look b ack at Ex am ple Wit b ook, 3- 2 6 t o analy ze w hy . Mov e Set along o tdhe Ech o along Requ est line in Figur 3- 6 . Nott oice howexI am sized indow u p tan f ollow w it hpacket real- won or ld lab32scenar iosealigned each t opmic,y w it h or s t o seewm or e oft hteheact d et ailed I Pment header . These ar e t he sam e f ields t hat ar e in Table 3 - 3. Comp are it hout ual equip t hem on e- b y- one un t il y ou ar e com for t ab le wit h t h e I P pack et st r uct ur e ( alt hou gh t his w ill n ot be Est ablish a baseline and docu y our ysical bet andw logical et w orReq k uest and t h e Echo y our last chan ce t o d o t his) . Also n ment ot e t he diff ph er ences een t henEcho Reply p ack et . Figur e 3- 7 d isp lays t he out p ut of an Ech o Rep ly . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn oot al prIoblem s by h aut h orovided Figuose r e and 3 - 6t.r oublesh An al yz inact g ut he P H ea def ollow r of ing a nalong Echow itRe que stp rPa ck et Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s [ View full size im age]

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Figu r eice3 -for 7 . t he AnCCNP al yz Tr inoubleshoot g t he I Ping H ea de w r itof a n IEcho Patck et Hand s- on pr act exam h TCP/ P, LAN,Re anply d W AN r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

[ View full size im age]

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g The menv ainiron dif ferences ment s y ou sh ould hav e not ed in t h e Sniff er t r aces in clud e t he f ollow in g: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on sou and est inat ion MAC ar et hat r ever pery ou t h efor Datt he a Link Cont r ol ( D LC) Cisco(The r) I nt errce net w orkd Trou bleshoot in gadd ( CIresses T) t op ics p rsed ep are CCNP header . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealThe sou rce and d est inat ion I P ad dr esses are rev er sed p er t he I P h ead er . w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. The I n t er net Cont r ol Message Pr ot ocol ( I CMP) t y pe is 8 f or t he Echo Req uest and 0 for t he CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Echo Reply per t h e I CMP header. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Real- w or ld pack et analy sis sh ould m ake y ou a lit t le m or e com for t able w it h how I P w ork s, bu t I ' ll cer t ainly t est t hat out in t h e upcom ing Tr ouble Tick et s. I P is t he m ain pr ot ocol at t he I nt er net Lay er t hat has help er s such as ARP and I CMP t o assist it w it h it s du t ies. ARP is f or r esolv in g an I P ad dr ess t o a MAC ad dr ess, w her eas Rever se Ad dr ess Resolut ion Pr ot ocol ( RARP) is f or r esolv ing a MAC add ress t o an I P addr ess. I CMP is f or st at us an d er r or r ep or t in g. Look back at Ex am ple 3- 26 t o see t he st at u s lin es, such as Reply f r om. . . , and t h e err or r epor t ing, su ch as Requ est t imed out . Obv iously, t his is w hy y ou didn 't hav e fou r successful replies in t he p rot ocol analy zer captTable ur e. of Also not es in t h e Ex am ple t hat 19 2. 168 . 3. 5 is n ow here t o b e foun d in t h e ARP • Content cach e; inst ead, t h e defau lt gat ew ay I P and MAC addr ess is t here. Ex am ple 3- 27 d isp lays t he e0 • I ndex int er face on r 1 so t hat you can com p are t his inf orm at ion. Also not e t h at r 1 has h ost a CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing 19 2. 168 . 1. 11 in it s I P and ARP cache. By Donna L. Har rington

ExaPubmlishpler:e Cisco 3 - 2Press 7 . r 1 Et h er n et 0 I P a nd M AC Addr e sses Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r1#show interfaces ethernet 0 Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware isice Lance, is 0000.0c8d.6705 0000.0c8d.6705) Hand s- on pr act for t headdress CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w(bia it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Description: e0 to hosta and hostb Wit h t his b ook, you can: Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24 MTUSet 1500 u p an bytes, d f ollowBWalong 10000 w it Kbit, h real- wDLY or ld 1000 lab scenar usec, iosrely aligned 255/255, t o each load ex am 1/255 t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:09, output hang never Diagn ose and of t r oublesh act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Last clearing "showoot interface" counters never Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Queueing strategy: fifo Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Output " Snif f"queue t he w ir0/40, e t o sp0otdrops; n et w or kinput issu esqueue 1/75, 0 drops 5 minute rate 0 packets/sec Analy ze input local and r em0otbits/sec, e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 5 minute output 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec aut o negot iat ion,rate addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 2358 bytes, 0 not obuffer App ly apackets lay er ed tinput, rou blesh361385 oot ing met h odology r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Received 1949 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( 0 r) input I nt er neterrors, w ork Trou 0 bleshoot CRC, 0 inframe, g ( CI T) 0t opoverrun, ics t hat p r0epignored, are y ou for0 t he abort CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP 0 Pr act input ical St packets ud ies: Trwith oublesh dribble oot in g gcondition ives y ou andetected edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 2889 packets output, 320787 bytes, 0 underruns CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t0ant con ceperrors, t s cen t ral11 t o tcollisions, h e t r oubleshoot por t ion ofresets t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g output 2 ing interface

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 15 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out r1#show ip cache •

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ndex IP routing I cache 1 entry, 172 bytes CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington 5 adds, 4 invalidates,

0 refcounts

Minimum invalidation interval 2 seconds, maximum interval 5 seconds, Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

quiet interval 3 seconds, threshold 0 requests I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

Invalidation rate 0 in last second, 0 in last 3 seconds Prefix/Length

Age

Interface

Next Hop

192.168.1.11/32 03:02:54 Ethernet0 192.168.1.11 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased r1#show arp on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Protocol Address

Age (min)

Hardware Addr

Type

Interface

Internet 192.168.1.11 34 0010.4ba5.ae50 ARPA Ethernet0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Internet 192.168.1.1 0000.0c8d.6705 ARPA Ethernet0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Internet 192.168.4.1 0000.0c8d.6706 ARPA Ethernet1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Internet 192.168.4.2 0000.0c38.a05d ARPA Ethernet1 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 42 r1# Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h NO TE

cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut oisnegot iat ic ion, encapsulat ion, e ARP dy nam in addr nat uressing e, bu t, on ce in a wh ile and in t r mor oub leshoot in g y ou m ay need t o m anually clear an en t ry or t w o. On a rou t er, cle ar a rp - cache d oes not t ru ly clear t h e ly in a st lay er ed ealg r ies tApp able; ead , it trrou efr blesh esh esoot t heing entmet ir e ht odology able, an dt od rep enlife dingrou ont ing t he and n umswit ber chin of ent env iron ment s t his cou ld be mor e of an im pact t han you int end . Use shut / n o shut t o r emov e t h e ent r ies associat ed w it h a g iv en in t erf ace. On a Wind ow s- b ased m ach ine, t he com m and Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on is a rp - d ip ad dr ess t o r emov e a par t icu lar addr ess. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw orant ld ap LAN op ics.t o discussin g TCP/ I P, so nex t t h e discu ssion m oves up I w t oplicat con t ion inueoft he layand er edWAN ap prt oach t he st ack t o t he Tran sp ort Lay er. Aft er I d iscuss t h e Tr anspor t an d Ap plicat ion Layer s, I spend a CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e bit m ore t im e on ad dr essing and pr ot ocols befor e v ent ur ing int o t he Tr oub le Tick et s. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Transport (Host-to-Host) Layer Protocols, Applications, and Utilities Recall fr om t h e OSI m od el in Ch apt er 1, t h e Tr anspor t Layer is all about host - t o- h ost deliver y. TCP and UD P ar e t h e Tran spor t Layer t w ins. TCP is connect ion- or ient ed ( log ical con nect ion ) and r eliable ( ACKs) . •

Table of Content s UDP, like I P at t he I nt er net Layer , is connect ionless and unr eliab le; t her ef or e it r elies on t h e •up per layer s Ifndex or r eliabilit y . TCP is lik e t h e cer t ified mail pr ot ocol, w hereas UDP is lik e t he regu lar CCNP ra cti calt er St udi ouble ing m ail (Por b et y etes: , bTrulk m shoot ail) pr ot ocol. By Donna L. Har rington

UDP is connect ion less, w hich m ean s it d oes n ot r equir e an est ablish ed connect ion befor e comPub mulish nicat ion s can occur . I t is unr eliab le at t he Tr anspor t Lay er , w hich m ean s t hat it s er: Cisco Press r eliabilit y is left up t o t he ap plicat ion . Com par e t h e TCP an d UDP pack et for m at s in Tables 3- 4 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 and 3- 5 . I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE t h ice e w for or d t un a bit har sh f orexam UDP.wWh I mI ean is t hat is tnr ouble ot HandPerh s- onaps pr act he reliable CCNP Trisoubleshoot ing it h at TCP/ P, LAN, an dUD WP AN r eliable b ecause it has n o bu ilt in m ech anism t o det ect and over come er r or s, so it m ust t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. han d of f t o an u pper - layer p rot ocol t o per for m t h at t ask . Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Tab le 3 -4 . The TCP Segm e nt Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Fie ldI dent s s ing t arDget e scri pt i onpin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her if y t r oubleshBit oot s using t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Sour ce Por t 16 Sending p ort . and t r oublesh ootReceiv act u aling pr oblem DestDiagn inat ionose Port 16 por t . s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Sequence Num b er 32 Tr ack s b yt e t r ansfer. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Ackn ow ledg m en t 32 Con fir ms by t e t r ansfer . For war d r ef erenced and ex pect at ional in Num"ber cones t ain s t he sequ en ce num ber of t h e next by t e ex pect ed . Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et twhat or kitissu Dat a Of fset 4 Num ber of 3 2- bit w ord s in t he header . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sp eed and u t ilizat and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Resercabling, v ed 6 du plex ,For fu t urion e use. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Flags 6 flags Sy nchr onizat ion ( SYN) App ly a lay er ed tof rouTCP blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Ackn ow ledg em ent ( ACK) env iron ment s N)of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and Finish CCI E( (r)FIpr Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ( PSH) Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of prPush act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealUrg en t ( URG) w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Reset ( RST) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Wind ow Size

16

Ch eck su m

How m any by t es are sent per seg m en t . Size of sen der' s r eceive w indow . I n com ing bu ff er sp ace. ( How man y pizzas can y ou p ut in t he w ar m ing bag if you ar e t he deliv ery person?) Sender g en er at es and r eceiver v erif ies t o see w het her t he header w as d amag ed in t r ansit .

Urg en t Point er •

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Point s t o f ir st u r gent d at a b yt e, su ch as Ct rl+ Z t o end ur gent dat a.

Op t ions 32 shoot ing Var ious CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble

opt ion s m ust end on a 3 2- bit bou ndar y , and pad ding gu aran t ees t his.

By Donna L. Har rington

Dat a

Var ies

Upper - layer inf or mat ion .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Tab le 3 -5 . The U DP D at agr a m Fie ld s

Bit s

D e scri pt i on

SoursceonPor Sending ort w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hand prtact ice for t he CCNP 16 Tr oubleshoot ing pexam t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dest inat ion Port 16 Receiv ing por t Wit h tLen his gt b ook, you can: UDP h

16

Dat a and header

Ch eck su m 16 Op t ional Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dat aw it hout t h e act ual equip ment Var ies Upper - layer inf or mat ion Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k The 2 0- b yt e TCP h ead er is a lot m or e soph ist icat ed t h an t he 8 - by t e UD P h ead er , as y ou w ill dent if m y tw r oublesh t ar, get s using t r ace, sh ow debu ot her t he p ing againI confir it h Snif oot fer .ing Fir st op en t he prpin ev g, ious Sn iffer Pr o, clear t r ace, w h er eg,yan oudissued t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies and t r acer t com m and s in Ex am ple 3- 26. I nam ed m y f ile chapt er 3 ping fr om host a t o h ost c sniff er capt ur e. Use t his f ile t o analy ze t h e layer s or r efer t o Figur e 3- 8 , in w hich I em p hasize t he Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided lay er s of a RI P pack et . Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

e ir3e-t8o .spAn aletyz ink gissu t he " SnifFigu f" t her w ot n w or es

RI P Pack e t at La ye r s 2 , 3 , a nd 4

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, [ View full sizeand im age] aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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Table of Content s

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Alt gh bt he f ocu s incan: t his subsect ion is t he Tr anspor t Lay er , r emem ber t h at each lay er depend s Withou h t his ook, you on t he f un ct ion alit y of an ot her lay er t o car ry out com m unicat ions. Th e Sniff er t r ace cer t ainly illust rat es t hat . For ex amp le, t he RI P packet at t h e Dat a Link Layer is a good exam ple of Set ucomm p an dufnicat ollowion along it h wrealor ldmlab scenar ios ess aligned t o each009 ex am t op er ic, 2, w it h or m ult icast s. RI w Pv2 or k swvia ult icast addr 010 05E000 at Lay w it hout the actks ual ment , w hich w ou ld b e sh ow n as all Fs at Layer 2 . The Et herTy pe is w her eas RI Pv1 w or viaequip br oadcast 08 00, wh ich t ells t he D at a Lin k Lay er t o h and off t o I P at t he I nt er net Lay er for f ur t her Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k pr ocessing. I dent oot ing t arsion, get s using pinlengt g, t rhace, sh ow clear d ot ion, her Flags, Rev iew t heifIyPt hr oublesh ead er field s—Ver Header , TOS, Tot, al len,gtdebu h, I dg,enan t ificat t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Frag m en t of fset , TTL, Prot ocol, Check sum , Add resses, an d Opt ions. Th e I P header cont ains t he Pr ot ocol field t o han d off t o at t h e nex t lay er in t h e st ack . I n Figur e 3- 8 , f or exam ple, t h e Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided pr ot ocol n um ber is 17 , w hich m eans t o han d u p t o UDP. Th e sour ce ad dr ess is t he Et hern et 0 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g int er face on r 1, an d t h e dest inat ion is again t he r eser v ed m ult icast add ress of 22 4. 0. 0. 9 for RI Pv 2, b ut t his t im e at t he I nt er net Layer . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I ANA has reser v ed ad dr esses fr om 2 24. 0. 0. 0 t h rou gh 224 .0 . 0. 255 , such as t hose in Table 3 - 6, " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es for local mu lt icast s. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Tab leoot 3 -6 Loca l M ul ttiocast Adrou dr esses App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh ing. met h odology r eal- life t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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Mu lt i ca st A ddr ess

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22 4. 0. 0. 1

All sy st em s on t his sub net

22 4. 0. 0. 2

All r out er s on t his sub net

22 4. 0. 0. 5

OSPF r out er s

22 4. 0. 0. 6

• 22 4. 0. 0. 9

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OSPF d esign at ed r out er s RI Pv 2

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Globally scoped ad dr esses fr om 2 24. 0. 1 .0 t h rou gh 238 . 255 .2 55. 25 5 can be used t o m ult icast dat aPubbet orPress ganizat ion s and across t h e I nt er net . An ex am ple of an I ANA r eser ved addr ess is lishw er:een Cisco 22 4.Pub 0. 1. 1 for Net or03 k Tim e Pr ot ocol ( NTP) . Dat e: April 0 4,w20 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE Refer t o w w w .ian a.or g/ assignm ent s/ m ult icast - addr esses f or m or e inf orm at ion and ples. Handexam s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: I n addit ion, I ANA ow ns a block of Et her net MAC ad dr esses t hat st art w it h 01: 0 0: 5E, w her e half of t he block ( 010 0. 5e00. 0 000 t hr oug h 010 0. 5e7f. f ff f) is allocat ed for mu lt icast ad dr esses. I n t h e Set u p aness, d f ollow w it h realscenar aligned t o each exch amfor t op" et ic,h w h or Et h er n et addr 23 bitalong s cor respond t owtor heldI Plab m ult icastios gr oup add ress. Sear eritnet w ult it hout ual equiptment m ac m icastt"h e atact Cisco.com o get a det ailed ex planat ion and pict ur es. Wit h t his m app ing, t he up per 5 bit s of t h e I P m ult icast add ress ar e dr opp ed and t h e r esult ing add r ess is n ot un ique, ablish baseline and docu ment ysical and tlogical n et w w hichEst result s ina diff erent m ult icast gr oupy Iour Ds tph h at all map o t he sam e or Etkh er n et addr ess. The I nt er net Gr ou p Managem en t Pr ot ocol ( I GMP) dy nam ically regist ers in div id ual h ost s in a I dentgr if oup y t r oublesh ootsing s using pin g, ttor ace, ow ,erclear g,s an ot her m ult icast . The h ost sent ar d Iget GMP m essages t heirshr out . The, debu r out er listden and t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies per iodically send out quer ies t o discover w h ich gr oup s ar e act iv e or in act iv e on a p ar t icu lar subn et . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided st ( rLay ) OS OS( r ) Sof t wed ar e com m ouPt put and loggin The TrCat analy sp ort er and contCisco ains t Ihe f ields list Table 3 -and 5 f orinp t hut e ,UD dat,agr am. RI P gw or k s via UDP p ort 52 0, w hich is clear ly r ev ealed her e. UD P por t 520 is how t he Tr an sp ort Lay er han ds of f Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s t o t he App licat ion Lay er for RI P com mu nicat ions ( as d iscussed in m ore det ail lat er) . For now , look at t hef"dtet " Snif heails w irof e tTCP. o sp ot n et w or k issu es TCP pr ov id es d- t oend fu ot ll- eduplex er y , flow con t r olett hr oug h ks, w inin dow ing, d er r or -h Analy ze en local and r em accessdeliv pr oblem s in Et hern net w or clud ingan issues w it det ectcabling, ion an d sp - cor r ect ion ser v ices. Dat a m oves in a cont in uous b yt e st ream , in w hich b yt eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ayeslinar k,e ident ifaut iedo by sequence n um ber s. TCP h id es low er layer int ricacies f r om t he u pper lay ers on t h e negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r eceivin g h ost . I t segm en t s and r e- assem bles dat a f or u pper - layer app licat ions based on v ariou s por t num beras.lay Unerlik h owoot ev er, 3 - way hand sh mlife u st rou occu r befor com m unicat ions can App ly ede tUDP, rou blesh ing amet h odology t oake r ealt ing and eswit chin g begin.env This est ablish es t he v irt ual conn ect ion bet w een t he t wo comm u nicat in g par t ies ( see iron ment s Figur e 3- 9 ) . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Figu r e Tr3oublesh - 9 . The TCP 3- W ayanHedg anedsha e com Se que cet hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: oot in g g ives y ou ov er k t he pet itn ion w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: A g ood ex am ple of an applicat ion t hat uses TCP is t elnet . Tr y it out and t eln et f rom host a ( at t he com man d p r omp t ) t o r 1. Capt ur e y our r esult s w it h Sniff er ( see Figur e 3- 1 0) . Sav e t h e Sniff er file as chapt elnet f rom along host a wt oit hr 1realsniffwerorcapt ur escenar so t hat can ref back t o itt op latic, er . wAn Seteru 3p tan d f ollow ld lab iosyou aligned t o er each ex am it halyze or y our ow n capt ur e or look at m y Snif fer t r ace. I t m ay pr ov e helpf ul t o use t he Sniff er out pu t to w it hout t h e act ual equip ment label t h e 3- w ay h andshak e in Figur e 3- 9 , includ in g flags, p ort s, sequence, and ackn ow em ent num b erand s. docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Estledg ablish a baseline I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Figu r e 3 - 1 0 . Ana ly zi ng Tel ne t an d t he 3 -W a y Ha nd sh ak e

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem -[isolat ionsize m et View full imhods age] t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

I n t he pr eced in g ex am ple, host a was con figu red w it h t he local r out er I P ad dr ess as it s default Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble gat ew ay . Becau se of t his, host a sent an ARP r equest p ack et t o it s def ault g at ew ay t o learn t h e t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. MAC add ress of t he Et her net 0 int er face on r 1. Th e comm and a rp – a on t h e host wou ld h ave show t his, w heryou eascan: show i p a rp is t he com man d on t h e r out er . ARP fr am es are n ot p art of t he Wit h nt his b ook, 3- w ay h andshak e or TCP session, but ar e cer t ainly r equir ed f or host a t o t r ansm it d at a. St ud ySet TCP t hde fSniff capt ur d d raw I t is oft enios refaligned er r ed t ot oaseach t he ex 3- w ay t op hanic,dshak u pinan olloweralong weit hanrealw orinldg.lab scenar am w it h e.or St ep 1 of t h e 3w ay h andshak e ( SYN) is lik e m e int rod ucin g my self t o y ou an d g iving y ou my w it hout t h e act ual equip ment basic com mu nicat ion p aram et ers so t hat w e can t alk . St ep 2 is lik e y ou saying , " Ok ay ( ACK) , Don na, w an t a t obaseline t alk, t oo;and h erdocu e ar ement m y com unicat ionand p arlogical amet ernset( w SYN) EstIablish y ourmph ysical or k . " St ep 3 is my okay ( ACK) t o y ou. Aft er a 3- w ay han dshak e, t he t w o comm un icat in g p ar t ies ar e v ir t ually connect ed and TCP I dent comm if y t ruoublesh nicat ionoot s can ing t ar hen getoccur s using . Som pineg,app t r ace, licat sh ions owrequ , clear ir e, m debu u lt ip g,lean hand d otsh her akes. A bon a tfridoub e exam leshoot pleing is an t ools yt hing an d inv u t ilit olving ies t h e Wor ld Wid e Web ( W WW) . Ev er y t ime you click a link on a w eb page, an ot her TCP session st ar t s. Anot h er ex am ple is a phone call. Th e connect ion is al prnect oblem along w itailab h aut or- psom r ovided set upDiagn and ose y ou and t alk;t rtoublesh hen t heoot log act icalucon ion sisby t orf ollow n dowing n and is av leh for eon e else. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Next look a lit t le closer at t h e ex act p ack et s in t he Sn if fer capt u r e for t he 3- w ay h andshak e. You Use ina stlot r u ct or - dtev p rob lem - isolat ionone, m etbu hods r esolv Tr ouble Tick can glean f rom heelop sumed m ar y pane on t h is t t h teo det ail peane is show n et ass w ell. The shaded line 7 st art s t he h andshak e describ ed in Figur e 3- 9 . I t sh ow s t he SYN fr om h ost a Snif. 1. f" 11) t he twoirtehet or out sp ot w or16 k 8. issu es. The sour ce por t ( S) is r and om ( ephem er al) por t ( 19 2."168 er n( et 1 92. 1. 1) nu mb er 107 9, b ut t he dest inat ion por t is t he w ell- k now n por t num b er 23 for t elnet . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sp eed ande du plexf or , uapp t ilizat ionions andt ocollisions, b andw CSMA/ on e-t hr w ay linout k, Por t s cabling, ar e places t o leav st uff licat pick u p, as y ou idt w illh,con t inueCD, t o see ough o negot addr est essing , encapsulat ion, and mor t his baut ook. A clieniat t ion, t y pically ab lishes a por t w it hin f ir st 4 eb yt es of t h e Tr anspor t Layer h ead er . Not ice how t he por t s r ev er se depend in g on w ho is doing t h e t alk in g, h ost a or t h e r out er. Line 8 a lay t rou blesh oot ing met ah odology r eallife. .rou t ing and chinlook g show sApp t h ely rou t ererr ed espon ding back t o host w it h ACKt onum ber . 260 8, w h ichswit if you close is env iron ment s one m or e t h an t he pr eviou s SEQ num b er of . . . 26 07. Th e SEQ of St ep 2 of t h e hand sh ake is . . .3 396 . St ep 3 of t h e han dshak e in line 9 ACKs t he p rev ious SEQ nu m ber w it h . . . 339 7. W hen t h e Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on TCP session h as been est ablish ed , t h e num ber s incr em ent by t h e act ual n um ber of by t es Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP t r ansfer r ed . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr of actan ical St ud ies: oublesh in gI w g ives ou tan edgat e tov t het ocom it ion t hr ough I nst ead alyzing t h eTr t eln et detoot ails, ant yyou o pay enert ion t hepet TCP session t earr ealdow n w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. nex t . Op en y our Sn if fer capt ur e and r ef er t o t h e v er y end of t he file as I illust r at e in Figur e 3- 1 1. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 3 - 1 1 . TCP Se ssi on D iscon ne ct

[ View full size im age]

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Fram e 1 32 st art s t he TCP disconnect w it h t he FI N f lag fr om t h e rou t er. Host a ACKs in fr am e 13 3 Sets,u"pHey an ,d If ollow along w it h realor lde lab aligned ex am ic, in w itthheorlast and say am also finished, " in fwram 1 34 scenar ( FI N) .ios The r out er t go iveach es t he finalt op ACK w it hout t h e act ual equip ment fr am e. A 4 - w ay discon nect like t his is com mon . andside docu et w oren k ed if t he d ef ault Next Est I w ablish ant y oua tbaseline o t hin k out t h ment e box yaour lit t ph le. ysical What and wou logical ld h avenhapp gat ew ay w as n ot conf igur ed on t h e host or if t he r out er w as n ot local in t he p reced ing t est in g? I dent t r eoublesh t ar get using pinmg,ost t r ace, sh ow , cleargiv , debu an dis,otither You can g ivifey m t h e nuoot mbing er one ph srase t h at su ppor t people e, wg, hich depend s; as t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies usual, h ow ev er, I 'll cr inge at t hat answ er. I n m any cases, how ev er , t hat is t he best answ er . Act ually, t he p ack et s m ay st ill get t o t h eir d est inat ion assu m in g pr ox y ARP is en abled on t he Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r out er and t h at h ost a w ill ARP for n onlocal dest in at ions. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Pr oxy ARP h elps host s r each r em ot e su bnet s w it hou t conf igur ing r out ing or a defau lt gat ew ay . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Con figu ring t h e host wit h a sm aller su bnet m ask w ould m ak e t h e host ARP f or ev er yt h ing and t hu s sen d f" allt he packet out out er j ust replies t o t he host w it h it s MAC ad dr ess " Snif w ir es tvoiaspt hote nr et wer or.k The issures assu m in g t hat it is conf ig ur ed t o accept and r esp ond t o p rox y ARP. Obv iously, t here are secur it y and ov er h ead disadv antrag pr ox y pr ARP. Thes Cisco I OSetinnet t erfwace com anding noissues ip pr w oxy Analy ze local and emes ot et oaccess oblem in Et hern or ks, inm clud it h- a rp t ur n s cabling, t his of f and is show n in Ex am ple 328. sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Exa m pllye a3lay - 2er 8 ed . Pr oxy ARP env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trouethernet bleshoot in g0 ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r1#show run interface Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealinterface Ethernet0 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. description e0 to hosta and hostb CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast end r1#configure terminal •

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r1(config)#interface ethernet 0 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config-if)#end Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1#show run ethernet 0 Pub Dat e: Aprilinterface 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

interface Ethernet0 Pages: 84 0

description e0 to hosta and hostb ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Hand s- ondirected-broadcast pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble no ip t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. no ip proxy-arp Wit h t his b ook, you can: end Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1#configure terminal w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config)#interface Est ablish a baseline e0 and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config-if)#ip proxy-arp I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config-if)#end Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Pr ior t o t he t hin king ou t sid e t he b ox exer cise, y ou w er e w ork ing w it h t eln et , w hich is an " Snif t he w iron e tTCP o sppor ot nt et w orTCP k issu es 23 is t h e point er f rom t he Tr anspor t Lay er t o t h e app licat ionf" based 23. p ort App licat ion Lay er , just as t he I P packet con t ains a pr ot ocol nu mb er su ch as 6 t o lin k t o t he Analy ze local and r em ot ef or access pr oblem s in Et hern net ingerissues Tr anspor t Lay er TCP p rot ocol f ur t her pr ocessing. Figuret e 31w 2 or shks, owsintclud his lay lin kagweit h for t he cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ay sav lin k,ed UDP an d TCP ap plicat ion s you p rev iou sly ex am ined. You can alw ay s com par e t his t oe-ywour aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Snif fer t r aces t o v alid at e t he t heor y fr om t h e low er lay ers t o t h e upp er layer s. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Figu e 3 - 1and 2 . CCI Pr ot ocol Appl icat i li tgie s b uilds on Desig ned for aspir ingrCCNP E( r) pr ofs, essionals, t hisi ons, ind isp a ennd sab Ut le lab uide Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Man y applicat ions h ave w ell- kn ow n p ort nu mb er s assigned. Port s gr eat er t han 102 4 are r efer r ed t o as ep hem er al, r and om, sh ort - liv ed, or t em por ar y , w her eas n um ber s below 10 24 ar e Set u pwan d kf now ollown along considered ellpor t s. w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Figur e 3- 1 3, w w w .ian a.or g, an d RFC 17 00 pr ov id e y ou w it h m or e det ail. Por t s ar e oft en Estized ablish baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k cat egor as af ollow s: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub 0– 102leshoot 3 W ell-ing k now t ools n an d u t ilit ies 10 24–ose Diagn 491 and 51 Regist t r oublesh er edoot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 49 152 –65 535 Dy nam ic ( pr iv at e) Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Figu r e 3 - 1 3 . Appli ca t i on Por t Nu m be r s

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w ithav hout t h e act ment As y ou e seen in ual t h e equip pr eviou s su bsect ions, af t er y ou h ave elim inat ed Phy sical Layer issu es, pr ot ocol conn ect ions ar e t rou bleshoot in g t arg et s t hat m ust b e con sid er ed. Af t er t he p r ot ocol Estions ablish a baseline andmdocu ment our connect h ave b een confir ed as op eryat ionph al,ysical it is tand im e logical t o mov n e et uw p or t okt he Applicat ion Layer s. I could not begin t o cov er t he v ast v ar iet y of upper - lay er ap plicat ion s in use t oday , b ut I w ill I dent if y ter oublesh oot ingAp t arplicat get sion using t r ocols ace, sh , clear int r odu ce som of t h e m ajor Laypin er g, pr ot ofow t he TCP/, I debu P suitg, e. an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided loggin g

Upper-Layer Protocols, Applications, Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e comand m andUtilities inp ut , ou t put , and

Usesect in stion r u ctcov or -ers d evapplicat elop ed ions p rob lem ion m et hods t o r esolv Tr oubleDNS, Tick et s This sub such- isolat as t elnet , FTP, TFTP, SMTP,e POP3, SNMP, RI P, HTTP, HTTPS, an d D HCP. Ob viou sly , t h ese ar e not t he only app licat ions y ou w ill need t o Snif f" t, he e t oarspeot n et or kmissu t r oub "leshoot b utw ir t hey v er y w com on. es Analyatzet hlocal and r em e access procol oblem s in Et hernan et applicat net w or ks, clud ing ive. issues it h First look e t erm inal emotulat ion pr ot t elnet fr om ioninperspect Revwiew cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay Figur es 3- 9 an d 3- 1 0 an d you r Sniff er capt ur e f ile ( chapt er 3 t elnet f rom host a t o r 1 sniff erlin k, negot addr essing , encapsulat ion, fand capt uraut e) .oFigur e iat 3- 1ion, 4 illust r at es t he t elnet session rom mor hostea on p ort 10 79 t o r 1 on por t 2 3. Lin e 10 st ar t s t he t eln et session, w hich w as dependent on t he TCP 3 - way hand sh ake in lines 7, 8, an d App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 9. Not ice t h e ech o, w indow size, an d t er m inal n eg ot iat ion in lines 10 t o 1 5. Fr am e 12 is w ait ing env iron ment s for t he login t h at ev en t ually appear s in lin es 17 t o 2 5 on e char act er at a t ime. I n addit ion , not ice how t ned hat aft t h e ing userlev eland passw t y ped t he n ecessar y com man d le anlab d passw t o g on et int o Desig foreraspir CCNP CCIorE(dr)I pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab g uideorbduilds enable m ode. Alt h ough I d o not show all t his in t he scr een cap t ur e of Figur e 31 4, if y ou hav e Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP yTrour ow n file y ou can see t he r est of t h e com m and s t hat w er e t yp ed on t he r out er , let t er for oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, let t er . Pr I t act is ical pr etSt t y ud obv ious h er e t h at p rog ram d ocom n ot pet encr yp t tthr h eough loginr ealCCNP ies: Tr oublesh oott hineg stgandar ives ydout elnet an edg e ov er st he it ion inf orm at ion, and I dou bt t hat t his is w hat y ou wan t p eop le t o see w hen y ou t elnet t o you r w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. dev ices t o con figu re t hem . I n t he r eal- w or ld applicat ion of t elnet w here secur it y is m ore of a concerPr n ,act m any people secur e oot t elnet ram s y(ou Secur [ SSH] por t 2ion 2) . on Exam CCNP ical St ud ies:u se Tr oublesh in g pprog r ovides w it eh Shell p ract ical inf or mat all ples the include Secur Comt ral mNet TTY. SSH.ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im por t ant coneCRT, cep t s cen t o ,t han e dt r Pu oubleshoot

Figu r e 3 - 1 4 . Te ln et f r om an Appl ica t i on Per spect i ve

[ View full size im age] •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Next w look at TFTP and Asment I illust r at ed in Figur e 3- 1 3, TFTP t yp ically oper at es over UDP por t it hout t h e act ualFTP. equip 69 , and FTP t y pically operat es ov er TCP por t 21 for cont rol and 20 for dat a. Wh en I say t y pically , I r eally t his is ent upment t o t he devph elop er . FTP d TFTP Estmean ablisht hat a baseline andir ely docu y our ysical and an logical n etar w eorver k y useful applicat ions in t he sup por t env ir onm en t . For inst ance, w hat happ en s if you lose t he con figu rat ion on one of y our rI out erifs? ully,oot y ou ans using aut ompin at ed t o sh r est it inst ead g, of an h avin t o t y pe in dent y tHopef r oublesh inghav t ar eget g, w t ray ace, owore , clear , debu d otgher t he con figuleshoot rat ion line- line. t r oub ing t for ools an d u t ilit ies To t est TFTP, am using a fr eew e upr am called mp Kin Figurweit35. hYou dow nload Diagn oseI and t r oublesh oot ar act alogr pr oblem s by Pu f ollow ing in along h 1aut or- pcan r ovided Pum pKin , set anotand h er Cisco rou t erI OS( as ar ) TFTP ver , ormuand se any TFTP plicat ionloggin y ou lik Cat aly st (up r ) OS Sof t wser ar e com inp ut , ou ap t put , and g e. I st ar t ed and conf ig ur ed Pu mp Kin t o pu t an d get all files, st ar t ed a new Sn iff er cap t ur e, and pr oceeded t o r u ct or rat - d ev elop - isolat m et hods esolv Tr ouble copy Use m y rin 1 st con figu ion f ileedt optrob h e lem TFTP ser v ion er for t his t estt o. rYou sheould ev enTick g o et a sfew st eps fu r t her t o wip e you r config ur at ion w it h t h e e ra se st a rt u p- conf ig or w ri t e e ra se com m and t o he w ir t os.spAft ot er n etall, w ort his k issu ensur"eSnif t hisf" r teally weork is tes he t yp e of t hing y ou sh ould do in a lab env ir onm en t m any t im es so t h at y ou are pr ep ared for t he u nexp ect ed. Use Ex am ple 3- 29 as a gu ide f or t his Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h exer cise. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Figu r e 3 - 1 5 . Usin g Pu m pKi n f or a TFTP Se r ve r env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

NO TE

Wit h t his b ook, you can: The sh aded ou t put in Ex am ple 3- 29 is not r equ ir ed for t h e TFTP exer cise. I t is meant t o r ev iew t hat t he ef fect of copy ing any t hin g t o t he ru nning conf igur at ion is a m er ge Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r at her t h an a r ep lace t o t h e ex ist ing con figu rat ion . w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Sav e Itdent he Sn f ile as oot chapt 3 get t f t ps fr om r 1 t og,h tost a and back sniff, er capt e df or f ur t her if yiffer t r oublesh ingert ar using pin r ace, sh ow , clear debu g,uran ot her r ev iew . t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

NO Use TE in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Just amw in habit w ri " Snifas f" tI he ir et ht oe sp ot n of et wt yorping k issu est e m em ( w r) t o sav e m y ru nnin g conf igur at ion t o t he st ar t up conf ig ur at ion, I t yp ically t y pe w ri t e e ra se ( w r er ) t o er ase t he st ar t up. How evze er ,local w ri t eand m em d access w ri t e epr raoblem se ar se in t heEtold wet ay;net copy ru nni ng-ing conissues fi g Analy r eman ot e hern w or ks, in clud w it h st ar t upcon fi g an d e ra se st a rt u pconf ig ar e t he new er ( 10 .3 + ) com man ds. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e-I w ay lin k, taut houoght I wiat ould t tessing h is out, encapsulat in case youion, seeand t he mor old e com man ds in some of my negot ion,poin addr exam ples or Sn iff er t races. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Exa m pl e 3 - 2 9 . Cop yi ng r 1 Con fi gu r at i on t o a TFTP Ser v er Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1#copy running-config tftp CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Address []? 192.168.1.11 im por t antor conname cep t s of cenremote t ral t o t hhost e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Destination filename [running-config]? hosta-config !! 1093 bytes copied in 5.888 secs (218 bytes/sec) r1#erase startup-config •

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• Erasing theI ndex nvram filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

[OK] By Donna L. Har rington Erase of nvram: complete Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April20 4, 20 03 !!!The next shaded commands are not necessary for the tftp exercise I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 it is a good time to review when files are replaced or !!!However,

!!!just modified. r1#copy startup-config running-config Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Destination filename t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t[running-config]? ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1#show Wit h t his brunning-config ook, you can: Building configuration... Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Current configuration: Est ablish version 12.0 a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I denttimestamps if y t r oublesh debug oot ing tuptime ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her service t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies service timestamps log uptime Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g no service password-encryption Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s hostname r1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es enable password donna Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ip subnet-zero cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ip host r1 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.4.1 10.1.1.1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ip host r2 ment 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.1 env iron s Desig ned r3 for 192.168.2.2 aspir ing CCNP 192.168.5.2 and CCI E( r) pr192.168.6.2 of essionals, t his ind isp en sab10.2.2.1 le lab g uide b uilds on ip host 192.168.3.1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ip host r4 ing 10.2.2.2 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or host ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ip r5 10.1.1.2 CCNP ...! Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Next r eload t he rou t er as in Ex am ple 3- 30.

Exa m pl e 3 - 3 0 . Rel oa di ng t h e Rou t er •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1#reload

By Donna L. Har rington

Proceed with reload? [confirm] Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 02:21:13: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE Pages: 84 0 Copyright

1986-1995 by cisco Systems

2500 processor with 2048 Kbytes of main memory Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble F3: 7464832+102636+503004 at 0x3000060 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Restricted Rights Legend Wit h t his b ook, you can: ... Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Ciscow itInternetwork hout t h e act ualOperating equip ment System Software IOS (tm) Est ablish 2500a baseline Softwareand (C2500-IS-L), docu ment y ourVersion ph ysical 12.0(5), and logicalRELEASE n et w or k SOFTWARE (fc1) I dent if y 1986-1999 t r oublesh ootby ingcisco t ar get sSystems, using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Copyright Inc. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Compiled Tue 15-Jun-99 19:57 by phanguye Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS(data-base: r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ImageCat text-base: 0x0303D744, 0x00001000 in st r(68030) u ct or - d evprocessor elop ed p rob(revision lem - isolat ion et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble s ciscoUse 2500 L)mwith 2048K/2048K bytesTick of etmemory. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Processor board ID 03074719, with hardware revision 00000000 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Bridging software. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 2 Ethernet/IEEE env iron ment s 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network Desig ned for aspir inginterface(s) CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 32K bytes of Tr oubleshoot ingnon-volatile exam . Full of prconfiguration act ical ex er cisesmemory. t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal8192K bytes of of processor board flash (Read ONLY) w or ld ap plicat ion LAN and WAN t opSystem ics. %Error CCNP Pr act opening ical St ud tftp://255.255.255.255/network-confg ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract (Timed ical inf or out) mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

%Error opening tftp://255.255.255.255/cisconet.cfg (Timed out) SETUP: new interface Ethernet0 placed in "shutdown" state SETUP: new interface Ethernet1 placed in "shutdown" state %Error opening tftp://255.255.255.255/network-confg (Timed out) •

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%Error opening tftp://255.255.255.255/cisconet.cfg (Timed out) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

%Error opening tftp://255.255.255.255/router-confg (Timed out) By Donna L. Har rington

%Error opening tftp://255.255.255.255/ciscortr.cfg (Timed out) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Press RETURN get Pub Dat e: April 0to 4, 20 03 started! I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

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00:03:45: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted -Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshootVersion ing exam 12.0(5), w it h TCP/ IRELEASE P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-IS-L), SOFTWARE (fc1) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Copyright 1986-1999 by cisc Wit h t his b ook, you can: Router>o Systems, Inc. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Compiled Tue 15-Jun-99 19:57 by phanguye w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Router>enable Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Router#configure terminal I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Router(config)#interface Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco ethernet I OS( r ) Sof 0 t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob192.168.1.1 lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Router(config-if)#ip address 255.255.255.0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spshut ot n et w or k issu es Router(config-if)#no ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Router(config-if)#end App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Now t he f ilewfork r omTrou t he bleshoot TFTP t o rin1gas amics plet hat 3- 31. Byare t hey ou w ayfor , a t rhe outCCNP er w it h no Cisco(copy r) I nt er net ( CIinT)Ext op p r ep conf ig ur at ion is oft en ref er r ed t o as a rou t er out of t he box ( ROTB) . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Exa m pl e 3 - 3 1 . Cop yi ng t h e Con fi gur a t i on fr om t h e TFTP Ser v er

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Router#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.11 Source filename []? hosta-config Destination filename [running-config]? •

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•Accessing tftp://192.168.1.11/hosta-config... I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. hosta-config Loading Har rington from 192.168.1.11 (via Ethernet0): !

[OKPub - lish 1093/2048 er: Cisco Pressbytes] Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

1093 bytes copied in 5.124 secs (218 bytes/sec) I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 r1#copy running-config startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

NO TE w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Rem em b er t o st op and save t he Snif fer file as chapt er 3 t f t p fr om r 1 t o h ost a and back Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k sniff er capt ur e. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies I n t heDiagn pr eced g ex am ple, I copied y fpr ileoblem t o a TFTP v ering and m ade e ith was osein and t r oublesh oot act m u al s by f ser ollow along w itsur h aut or- p rreally ovidedt her e. Then Cat I per for m ed an e ra se st a rt on t h e r out er t o er ase t he st ar t u p conf igur at ion. When I t r ied aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g t o over w rit e t he r unn ing con figu r at ion w it h t he st ar t u p conf igur at ion, how ever , it act ed as a m er ge, w hich you shou exlem pect- .isolat To r eally r id of e r unn ingouble con figu Use in st r uisctworhat - d ev elop ed pldrob ion mgetethods t o trhesolv e Tr Tickrat et ion s , y ou m u st re l oa d t he r out er ; so I did. W hen t he r out er cam e back up , it h ad n o conf igur at ion, but it w as cer t ainly ingwfor " Sniflook f" t he ir e one t o sp( as ot yn ou et wcan or k see issu fr esom t he shaded out p ut in Ex am ple 3- 30) . Nex t I conf ig ur ed t h e I P add ress on t he Et her net 0 int er face and issued a no sh ut . I f t he TFTP ser v er ze local and r em e ay access pr oblem s ined Et as hern et net w ort hat ks, in clud ing w it h w ere Analy n ot local, a default gatot ew w ould be r equir w ell. Now I had TCP/issues IP cabling, sps,eed andinu dued plex , u copied t ilizat ion collisions, andw idt h, on ew ayt olint k, com mu nicat ion I cont and t heand conf igur at ion bfile f rom t heCSMA/ TFTP CD, ser ver back he o negot addr r out eraut and sav ediatt hion, e con figuessing rat ion, .encapsulat ion, and mor e a lay ed t rouyou blesh ing ing metconf h odology t o r ealrou t inges and swit chin gon y our I OS TFTP App and lyFTP caner assist w itoot h sav ig ur at ions an dlife I OS imag depending envTo ironex ment s t h e diff erences, sav e t h e TFTP capt u re or ref er t o m y Snif fer f iles t o lat er v er sion. plor e com par e it t o FTP. Mak e a list of t h e m ajor d iffer ences as you ob ser ve t he t w o applicat ions. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco(er)y ou I nt er in ga( CI T) mt op r ep aret he y ouTFTP for tSn heifCCNP Befor ex net perw imork entTrou w it hbleshoot FTP, t ake few inuics t est hat t o dpecode fer capt u r e. Th e Tr oubleshoot exam . Full pr actt ical ex er cises at g et ,y ou r eady f orerchallenges onopcode t he j ob, shaded line ining Figur e 31 6 hof ighligh s a TFTP wr it et hr equest w hich Sniff por t r ays as 2 in CCNP actpan icale.StLines ud ies:63Trt o oublesh ootde in gt hgeives y ouf ile ant redg e ov er t he6 4 com pet op it ion ealt he detPrail 69 inclu act ual ansfer. Line is an codt hr e 3ough and ris t he w apaplicat optics. firor stldd at p ackion et t rof anLAN sf er .and NotWAN ice t htat h e fir st b lock , or 5 12 by t es, of dat a w as t ran sf err ed and line 65 is t h e app licat ion ack now ledgem ent t o t h e fir st dat a pack et w it h an opcode 4. Table 3 - 7 CCNP Pr act ical St ud Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e list s t he com m on opies: cod es. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 3 - 1 6 . TFTP W r it e Re que st

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

NO TE

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k My TFTP Sn iff er cap t ur es hav e an er r or in t hem because of an old Sn iffer b ug. I n Figur 6 an d 31 7, mu stshact f ollow aman esd6ot 1 her and 62. I I dentes if y3-t r1oublesh oot ingf or t arexam get s ple, usingf r ame pin g,6t0r ace, owually , clear , debufrg, pr not t o ing doctt ools or m an y Snif capt u re b ut rat her t ell you t h at it ' s not possib le for it t o t r efer oub leshoot d u tfer ilit ies behav e as show n . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop edFigu p robrlem m et hods t or r esolv e 3- isolat - 1 7 .ion TFTP Cl ea Te xte Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr[ oblem s size in Etimhern View full age] et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Tab le 3 -7 . O pCod es Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her OpCode Te x t OpCode N um be r t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Read r eq uest 1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Wr it eCat r eq uest 2 m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com Dat a 3 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Ack 4 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Er r or 5 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Also not e t hat t he Sn if fer t r ace does n ot in any w ay h id e t he con figu rat ion w hile it is t ran sf err ing . Figur e 3- 1 7 sh ows t he end in g con figur at ion , including passw or ds. Not ice how y ou can r ead t he App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ent ir e config ur at ion f ile w hen y ou open each dat a pack et indiv idually . env iron ment s Using t h e Sniff er capt ur e, t ak e a few m inut es t o dr aw a sim p le pict ur e of w hat happens w hen Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on y ou t ran sf er a f ile usin g TFTP. I n clu de com mu nicat ion s bet w een r 1 and host a, includ in g lin e Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP nu mb er s, p ort s, an d opcodes, as I did in Figur e 3- 1 8. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Figu r e oot 3 - in 1 g8 p. rTFTP cat s mat ion on all t h e CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh ovides yCom ou w m it hupni ract icalion inf or im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Man y UD P- based app licat ions su ch as som e im plement at ion s of TFTP and DNS use a f ixed dat a Handhs- (on pr act t he Tr oubleshoot examum w itpherTCP/ I P,ent LAN, an d35 W by ANt es. t r ouble lengt such as ice 51 2forb yt es)CCNP t o oper at e, bu t t h eing m axim segm is 655 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO TE

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t h e act Iwn itthout he Cisco envual ironequip m en tment , y ou m ay n eed t o use FTP t o u pdat e larg e I OS im ages ( ov er 16 MB) or t r ansfer lar ger f iles. A mor e lik ely r eason t o use FTP ov er TFTP is t hat t he Estt er ablish and- pong docu ment y our ph ysical fand logical et wworindow k lat operaatbaseline es in a ping , r eq uest / response ashion wit hnno ing , w hich gr eat ly im pact s t hr oug hpu t in high - lat en cy pat hs. I n add it ion , t he ret r ansm it t im ers I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her ar e fix ed, so t hey do n ot ad apt t o t h e r ound - t r ip t im e as d oes TCP. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g As y ou ver ified in t he pr ev ious f igur es, TFTP t r ansfer s t ex t in t he clear. Use FTP t o per for m t h e sam eUse file in t r ansfer h e TFTP exer cise. Act ion ually, I hods t r ansfer ed t hee Tr con figu rat ionetfsrom r1 an d r 2 st r u ct oras - din ev telop ed p rob lem - isolat m et t o rr esolv ouble Tick t o t he FTP ser ver in m y t est . Any FTP ap plicat ion is app rop r iat e. I am using 3CDaemon in Figur e 3- 1 9," aSnif fr eew ar ewpr I dow ed fres om f" t he ir eogt oram sp ot n et wnload or k issu supp ort .3 com . com / in fod eli/ sw lib / ut ilit ies_f or _w indow s_32 _bit . h t m for t he lab in Ex am ple 3- 32. Use Sn iff er ze t o local capt uand re t he s, analyze you rs find or w d or r aw p clud ict u re wh at hwappens Analy r emr esu ot e ltaccess pr oblem in Etings, hernlist et net ks,a in ingofissues it h w hen cabling, you t r ansf er a file u sing FTP, an d, last b ut not least , com par e t he t wo I Pbased sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, app licat autions. o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env Exa m pliron e 3ment - 3 2s. Cop yi ng r 1 an d r 2 Conf i gur a t i on t o a n FTP Ser v e r Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1(config)#ip ftp username anonymous CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config)#ip ftp password [email protected] CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1(config)#end im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#copy running-config startup-config r1#copy running-config ftp Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.11 Destination filename [running-config]? r1-config •

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Writing r1-config ! • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

1169 bytes copied in 8.836 secs (146 bytes/sec) By Donna L. Har rington

... Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Figu r e 3 - 1 9 . FTP Se r v er Sof t w ar e Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble [ View full size t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in gim( age] CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s I d id n ot t ak e t h e t ime t o er ase my con figur at ion and t est t h is out as I did w it h t he TFTP exam f y aspir ou n eed or e pr actCCI ice,E( y ou can do ju st t hat . My 3 le f t plab fr om r 1 and r 2 on to Desig ple. ned Ifor ing m CCNP and r) pr of essionals, t his indchapt isp ener sab g uide b uilds host a sn if fer capt u re f ile display s in Figur e 32 0. Follow t he TCP sessions and dat a t ran sfer, Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP includin g t h e ing seqexam uence. and ackn ow ledg emerent num f ory ou a r rev iew . f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot Full of pr act ical ex cises t hbatergs et eady CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh ourw p ract icalst inf or mat ion on all t h e Figu root e 3in-g2p0r ovides . FTP yW ititeh Re que im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Feel fSet r ee u t op dr a m or along e sp ecific ict u r ew or w itldh lab linescenar num ber por t s, and seq uence anaw d f ollow w it hp realioss,aligned t o each ex am and t op ic, w it h or ackn ow ledg em ent num b er s. How ever , t he follow in g gives a general pict ur e of how FTP w ork s: w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ARP and TCP 3- w ay han dshak e ( FTP cont r ol p ort 21 ) I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her FTP login and t r oubuser leshoot ing( anon t oolsym anous) d u t ilit iespasswor d ( don na@shor et rain in g. com) TCP 3-ose w ayand h andshak e ( oot FTPact d atuaalt rpr ansf er por t 2f0) Diagn t r oublesh oblem s by ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g FTP dat a t r ansfer ( clear t ext ) Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Session t ear dow n ( dat a por t 2 0) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Session t ear dow n ( cont r ol por t 21) Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h The m ain dif ference is t hat t he pr ogr am I used f or t he t est does not use an indiv idual por t 2 0 f or cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, each d at a t r ansf er , b ut in st ead uses a separ at e ephem eral por t . aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s DesigNO nedTE for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Act ually m y FTP client specif ied a PASV ( passive) t ran sfer m ode, and t h e 3CD aem on Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ser v er su ppor t ed it . This m ak es FTP a lit t le conf using because, as I ju st illust r at ed , t he CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealdat a por t is not alw ay s por t 20. I n p assiv e- m ode FTP, t he clien t init iat es bot h t he w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. cont r ol an d d at a conn ect ion t o t he ser v er. Obv iously t his can be good or bad in g St on f irew allinconf ur at ions. ch FTP forion mor d ett h ail. CCNPdepend Pr act ical udser ies:ver Trand oublesh oot g p rig ovides y ou Resear w it h p ract ical m infodes or mat one all e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

You should hav e not es sim ilar t o t h e follow ing t o com par e TFTP an d FTP com m un icat ions:

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The client u ses an eph em eral por t t o init iat e com m unicat ions t o TFTP ser v er por t 6 9 and t he ser ver p ick s an ephem er al p or t t o r espon d t o t he client . FTP uses p or t 21 f or cont r ol and a separ at e p ort 20 f or file t r ansf er , an d t he ser v er por t d oesn 't need t o ch ange for s m ult ipleTable clienoft sContent because of t he TCP session. I ndex

CCNP PNo ra cti calinSt es: Tr ouble shoot ing log , udi usern am e, or passwor d

anon ymrington ous log in By Donna L. Har

is used for TFTP. FTP r equir es login and can allow w it h t h e e- m ail ad dr ess f or t h e passw or d.

TFTP t r ansf er s a min im u m of 512 b yt es of d at a per d at agr am , and t h e applicat ion ACKs each on e indiv idually because UDP h as no reliabilit y m echan ism ; FTP, on t h e ot her h and, Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 uses a TCP session for each file t r ansfer .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

TFTP Pages:and 84 0 FTP u se clear - t ext dat a t r ansmission. FTP secu r e imp lem ent at ions are av ailable. I n addit ion, TFTP and FTP ar e v er y h elpf ul in t h e Cisco en vir onm ent t o copy not only conf ig ur at ions b ut also Cisco Oper at ing Syst em im ages. Many t im es I set u p m y r out er as a TFTP ser v er so t hat I can cop y t he I OS t o anot her locat ion. App en dix B p r ovides m or e det ail on such t opics. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tAs icket s bcan ased on itCisco I n t ul ernt oet un w or k Trand oub leshoot in g (of CIhow T) t opics. y ou see, is helpf derst t h e basics ap plicat ion s w ork t o m or e easily t r oub leshoot t hem . Nex t t ak e a look at t he Sim ple Mail Tran sf er Pr ot ocol ( SMTP) and Post Of fice Wit h t his b ook, you can: Pr ot ocol ( POP3 ) in Figur e 3- 2 1. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Figu r e 3 - 2 1 . SM TP an d PO P3

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment baseline docuinment y our phoff ysical logical n etI w k w or k f or Cisco Pr ess SMTPEst is ablish lik e t h ea m ail t r uckand deliver g fr om post ice tand o post off ice. f yorou and y ou wan t t o set up y our m ail clien t t o sen d y our mail, f or ex amp le, y ou m ay set up I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her sm t p. ciscopr ess. com , wh ich by default occu rs on TCP por t 25. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies POP3 is m or e of a serv er t o t he clien t m ail deliv er y pr ot ocol t h at op er at es by default on TCP p or t Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 11 0. Th er efor e if y ou w or k f or Cisco Pr ess an d w an t t o set up y our m ail clien t , y ou m ay set u p Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g pop 3. ciscopr ess. com t o r eceive you r m ail. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Assu m euser@ciscopr ess. com w an t s t o send an e- mail t o don na@shor et rain in g. com. Th at u ser click s Send and SMTP is used t o t r ansfer t he e- m ail f r om t he u ser t o his m ail serv er using SMTP " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es TCP por t 2 5. Th e m ail ser v er deliv ers t he m ail t o t he shor et r aining. com dom ain ov er p or t 25 . WhenAnaly I check m y mand ail on shotoret r aining, m y e- smin ailEt p hern r ogr am estwab a connect ion t ow it mhy m ail ze local r em e access pr oblem et net orlishes ks, in clud ing issues ser v ercabling, over POP3 p ort 11 0. sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Know ing t h e over all SMTP/ POP3 d eliv er y p rocess may assist y ou w it h t r ou bleshoot in g y our em ail one d ay. Forer ex ple, I hav b een sit uat iontso wr ealher elife I could send m ailchin bu tgnot r eceive, App ly a lay edam t rou blesh ooteing metinh odology rou t ing ande-swit w hichenv t uriron nedment out tso be a POP3 issu e. Per hap s a p art icular por t or ad dr ess w as block ed by an access list . I hav e also b een in sit uat ion s w her e t he op posit e occu rs. For ex amp le, m an y t im es yDesig ou mned ay hfor aveaspir t he ing lux ur y of uand singCCI a high speed n et w or k conn ecten ion but y ourg uide I SP m ay n otonallow CCNP E( r) er pr-of essionals, t his ind isp sab le lab b uilds yCisco( ou t or)" r Ielay " t hr oug h an ot her syst em . How ev er , t r oubleshoot ing em ail issues h appens t o be nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP anot h er book in it self ( as ar e m ost ap plicat ion s) . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porNO t antTE con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Lik e t elnet , SMTP and POP3 ar e clear - t ext pr ot ocols for all e- mail and passw or d inf orm at ion. You can add secu rit y wit h bet t er alt er nat iv es. Secur e POP ( SPOP, p ort 99 5) uses Secur e Socket s Layer ( SSL) . SMTP ( st ill por t 2 5) can use SSL as w ell. I nt er net Message Access Pr ot ocol ( I MAP, p ort 14 3) is in herent ly mor e secu re t han POP3 is. Pr ev iously in t his chapt er , I com par ed SSH ( por t 22) t o t elnet ( por t 2 3) .

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DNS is anot her ap plicat ion t h at it is quit e h elp ful t o u nder st and in t h e supp ort w or ld . I w ould • I ndex m uch rat her t y pe w wTrwouble .cisco. com CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: shoot ing t han it s I P add r ess ever y t im e I w ant t o look up som et hin g on Cisco.com . D NS m aps an I P ad dr ess t o a h ost n am e so t hat hu man s can r elat e t o it a lit t le b et t er . By Donna L. Har rington

Host nam e r esolut ion once w as a flat host s f ile, b ut wh o w ould hav e enou gh mem or y t o op en Pubalish er: gCisco Press such t hin t oday ? Host s f iles ar e st ill av ailab le for u se, h owev er . You h ave t hem on each of y ourPub r out Dater e: s April now 0 4,. 20 Typ 03 e show host s w it h m e on r 1 as in Ex am ple 3- 33. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 3 - 3 3 . Cisco H ost s Fi le

r1>show Hand s- on hosts pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Default domain is not set Wit h t his b ook, you can: Name/address lookup uses domain service u p an dare f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Name Set servers 255.255.255.255 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Host Flags Age Type Address(es) Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1 (perm, OK) 23 IP 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 192.168.4.1 10.1.1.1 r2

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided (perm, OK) 23 IP 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.1 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 192.168.6.1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

r3

(perm, OK)es23 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu

IP

192.168.2.2

192.168.5.2

192.168.3.1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern192.168.6.2 et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 10.2.2.1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e OK)h odology 23 IPt o r eal10.2.2.2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh(perm, oot ing met life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5 (perm, OK) 23 IP 10.1.1.2 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or lds ap plicat and WAN t opinics. Host files on ion PCs of ar LAN e t y pically fou nd locat ions such as \ Wind ow s, \ Et c, \ Winn t \ Sy st em 32\ Dr iv er s\ Et c and ar e nam ed host s. Refer en ce Figur e 3- 2 2 f or a sam p le CCNP Pr act ical0 St ud sies: Wind ows 200 h ost file.Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g r4

Figu r e 3 - 2 2 . W i ndow s 2 0 0 0 H ost s Fi le

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k if y t rlist oublesh inge t3ar2get s using r ace, ow ,Lm clear , debu g, an hernam e The otI dent her files ed in oot Figur 2 can be qpin uit g, e ht elpf ul,sh t oo. host s is f or NetdBIotOS t r ion oub. leshoot oolscon an dt ain u t ilit iesm on net w ork , p rot ocol, an d por t n um bers. At t he upp er r esolut The ot hing er tfiles com lay er s, I of t en ask m y self w het her a host nam e or a Net BI OS issue ex ist s. Figur e 3- 2 3 p r ovides r oublesh oot3 -act u allier pr oblem byapt f ollow som eDiagn ex amose ples,and as tdoes Table 1 ear in t h iss ch er . ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Figu r e 3 - 2 3 . N am e a nd Ad dr ess Re sol ut ion

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

DNS is hier ar chical in nat ur e; t h er efor e, f ully qualif ied dom ain nam es ( FQDN) m ust be u nique. Upper - lev el dom ain nam es inclu de such dom ain nam es as com , ed u, net , and gov . Secon d- level dom ain nam es m ust b e regist er ed . For ex am ple, ciscopr ess. com and shor et r ain ing. com ar e bot h par t of t heprt op lev el ain. Cisco Pressing hasexam au t hor it h y TCP/ ov er IwP,hat t hey Hand s- on act- ice forcom t he dom CCNP Tr oubleshoot w it LAN, ando d Wund ANert r ouble ciscopr ess. com , an d I hav e cont r ol ov er w hat I do u nder shor et rain in g. com. Obv iou sly , t h ese t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. second - lev el dom ains mu st be r egist ered t hr oug h I n t er net ser v ice p rov ider s ( I SPs) or com panies such iSign. Wit h tas hisVer b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

NO TE Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Som e im plem ent at ion s of DNS d o not allow host n ames w it h un derscor es ( _ ) . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ose oublesh oot act su u albdom pr oblem by f ollow aut hain or-zon p r ovided The nDiagn am e sp aceand cont rt ains d omains, ains,s and h ost s.ing Thalong e ser vw eritshcont es, w hich ar e st ( rw) itOS Cisco I OS( Sof tCom w ar emcom and ut , include ou t put , alias and loggin g dat abCat asealy files h v and ar ious r ecor d t yr )pes. on r m ecor d tinp y pes ( can onical nam e) or m ail ( MX) r ecor ds. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Why do y ou care? Nam e r esolu t ion is cer t ainly som et h in g t o check for in t h e upp er lay er s. I f y ou " Snift he f" t Ihe w ir eess t o sp ot not n et w or kh ost issunam es e, for ex am ple, ch ances are you hav e a host nam e can ping P addr but t he r esolut ion issu e. I f y ou can issue a St a rt > Run \ \ 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 .1 . 1 2 b ut not a St a rt > Run Analy and is r em access pr OS oblem s in hernt ion. et net w or ks, in clud w itor h \ \ host b, tze h e local pr oblem pr ot obeably Net BI nam e rEt esolu These could in ing t u r nissues b e DNS cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay lin k, WI NS issues, depend ing on t h e app licat ions an d set t ing s in y our en vir onm ent . aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e I f you w er e cap t ur ing DNS in for m at ion w it h Snif fer , y ou w ou ld see t hat quer ies t yp ically ar e a laypor er ed rou ootzone ing met odology o r ealt ing and chin g t t ak e a don e App overlyUDP t 5 t3, w blesh h er eas t r anhsf er s ar e tcom pletlife ed rou ov er TCP porswit t 5 3. Nex env iron ment s look at SNMP, w hich is ev ery t hin g b ut sim ple. Desig aspir ingfor CCNP CCI E( r) pren oftessionals, indwar isp eendsab le labb ut g uide b uilds on for SNMPned wasfor orig in ally r em and ot e m anagem of n et w or tkhis h ard ev ices, t oday is u sed Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP lot s m or e. A m anag em ent con sole sends a r equest t o an agent ( man aged device) ov er UDP por t Tr exam . Full of aprtact ertcises g et y ou r eady f orAn challenges on tcan' he j ob, 16oubleshoot 1, an d t h e ing agent gener at es r apical on ex por 1 62 tt h o at a specif ic addr ess. agent r eally t CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough init iat e an yt h ing on it s own , bu t it can n ot ify t h e m anager of event s, su ch as a link up or dr ealow n or w plicat ionprof LAN . and t opsics. a or sofldt wap are mail oblem The WAN r eq uest ar e par t of a dat ab ase refer r ed t o as a Managem en t I nf orm at ion Base ( MI B) in t he SNMP w or ld. Com m un it ies ar e g rou ps t h at t alk t o one an ot her t o CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e assist wit h secu rit y , an d p ublic is t h e defau lt com m unit y . CiscoWor ks, Cisco I nf o Cen t er ( CI C) , im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

and HP OpenView ar e exam ples of net w or k m anagem ent p lat for m s t hat supp ort SNMP- b ased m anagem ent . Next I r eview t h e RI P ap plicat ion . RI P is t he r out ing pr ot ocol y ou set up earlier in t he chap t er so t hat one en d sy st em cou ld g et t o an ot her end syst em . RI P is an ap plicat ion t hat oper at es ov er UDP p ort 52 0. RI Pv 2 st ill operat es ov er UDP p ort 52 0, b ut it uses 224 . 0. 0. 9 as a d est inat ion I P m ult icast add ress. Alt houg h each of t he p refix ent ries includes a m ask , RI Pv 2 is m ore considerat e of t he h ost s, w h ich ar e not int erest ed in it s m essag es, b ecause t h eir NI Cs w ill f ilt er • Table of Content s t he fr am es at Lay er 2. Figur e 3- 2 4 enab les you t o analyze t he RI P header . Does m y capt ur e • I ndex display RI Pv 1 or RI Pv 2? CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Figu r e 3 - 2 4 . RI P

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

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Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h You arcabling, e cor r ect youand said 2 4 dion isp and lays collisions, RI Pv 2 because t he inat ion is on t h ee-m spifeed duFigur plex , eu3t ilizat b andw idtdh,est CSMA/ CD, wult ay icast lin k, 22 4. 0. 0. 9 addr ess r at her t han a local br oadcast . aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Now look h er ionoot t hing at ismet com m on in at oday - t oday ir onm ; chin Hy per App lyataanot lay er ed applicat t rou blesh h odology r eallife rouenv t ing and ent swit g t ext Tr anspor t Pr ot ocol ( HTTP) uses TCP por t 8 0 t o pr ov ide w eb ser vices. I t also uses clear - t ext dat a env iron ment s t r ansm ission. Obv iously t his is a ver y big issue wit h p ur ch asin g it em s ov er t he I nt er net . Ecom mer applicat ionsCCNP m ak eand useCCI of E( m or e pr ot ocols ov er TCP bp uilds or t 44on 3. I f Desig nedcefor aspir ing r) eprsecur of essionals, t his such ind ispas enHTTPS sab le lab g uide yCisco( ou com par e a Sniff er t r ace of HTTP and HTTPS t r af fic, t he HTTPS dat a is encry pt ed . Figur e 3- 2 5 r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP show s y ou wh at p eop le can snif f wh en y ou use HTTP t o access a sw it ch. I had t o t u rn p ort Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, m onit or on for t hies: is t oTrwoublesh or k . Those cov ed m in tpet he itsw it ch apt err eals, CCNP Pring act ical St ud oot indgetgails ivesaryeou aneredg e or oveerdept t he hcom ion t hrch ough Ch apt er 6, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h Cat OS and I OS, " an d Ch apt er 7, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. VLANs on Rou t ers and Sw it ch es. " For n ow, analy ze t he lay ered appr oach t o HTTP as y ou h ave don e wPritact h t ical he otSther ap plicat ion s. oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP ud ies: Tr oublesh im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 3 - 2 5 . H TTP t o a 1 9 0 0 Sw it ch

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies NO TE Diagn1ose and oot conn act u ect al pr oblem s by it f ollow ing along aut hnorr ovided HTTP . 0 op en st r aoublesh n ew TCP ion for each em, but HTTP 1w.1it hdoes ot ,pas y ou can alyat st (wr )wOS OS( r ) Act Sofivt w e com inp ut,, tou andd ecode loggin goff er s a vCat er ify w .wand 3 .orCisco g / ProtI ocols/ it ar y . ht m l. Imn and addit ion hist put Sn if, fer good opp or t unit y t o point out t he default behav ior of m ost TCPs, t o ackn owledg e ev er y Use r u ct ot herinpstack etor . - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es local and r em e access Et hern or ks,inin h ion, Now tAnaly h at I ze hav e t ouched onotall t he lay pr er soblem of t h se in TCP/ I P suetit enet t owlead t oclud t heing addissues ressin w g itsect cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay I w ill discuss DHCP. Fir st t h er e w as RARP, t h en BOOTP, and now DHCP. Th e basic concep t lin is k, the aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e sam e. Tak e RARP, f or exam ple. I t is used t o resolve MAC ad dr esses t o I P addr esses. I t is t h e opp osit e of ARP, w it h wh ich I k now you h ave b ecom e pr et t y com for t able b y now . Th e Boot st r ap App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Pr ot ocol ( BOOTP) w as dev elop ed t o allow diskless w ork st at ions t o obt ain I P inf or mat ion u pon env iron ment s boot u p. BOOTP spaw n ed DHCP, w hich is w idely used t oday . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on DHCP is not fu lly aut om at ic because someone mu st config ur e t he ser ver w it h a r ang e of I P Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP add resses ( scope) an d ot her opt ion al par am et er s such as t he mask , gat ew ay , DNS ser ver , WI NS Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ser v er, and so on. Client s r eq uest DHCP par am et er s v ia Lay er 2 and Lay er 3 br oadcast s t o UDP CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealpor t 67. The ser v er sen ds m essages t o t he clien t on UDP por t 6 8. How ever , it w ou ld d ef eat t he w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. pu rp ose of a r out er if it w er e allowed t o for w ard all b road cast s. On t h e ot her h and, it is possible for you t o open up cer t ain por t s f or r out ers t o f orw ar d v ia t he ip h el pe r- a dd re ss [ ipaddr ess] CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e com man d. Req uest for w ar ding is also possible v ia DHCP pr ox y agent s. Figur e 3- 2 6 p r ovides im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

exam ples of t h e ip h el pe r com m and. Helper s in ef fect chan ge t h e local br oadcast dest inat ion t o a u nicast or d ir ect ed br oad cast t o r each t h e DHCP ser v er . Table 3 - 8 sh ows DHCP fr am es t hat y ou should capt ur e som et ime wit h a pr ot ocol analy zer .

Figu r e 3 - 2 6 . I P H el per •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

NO TE a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish To f or if wyard f ew er toot h aning t h et ar eig hts defau porg,t st rtace, h at I sh P help opens u p, oudcan use t h e I dent t r oublesh get usingltpin ow , er clear , debu g, yan ot her ip f orw ar dprot ocol udp por t com m and for t he p ort s you w ant t o for w ard f ollow ed t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies by t he no ip for w ar d- p rot ocol udp por t f or t h e por t s y ou do n ot w an t t o for w ar d. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k le issu3es Tab -8 .

DH CP Fr a m es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h D H CP Fra m e sp eedDand e scri i on, u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, duptplex aut o negot iat ion, addr ion, e Discover Client is essing look ing, encapsulat f or DHCP ser v erand ( brmor oadcast ). t rou ser blesh met h( odology t o) .r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Of ferApp s ly a lay er ed DHCP v eroot s r ing espond br oadcast env iron ment s Requ est Client ask s f or fir st serv er t hat of fered ( br oadcast ) . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Ack DHCP ser v er send s. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP TrARP oubleshoot ing exam . Full of spran actARP ical ex cises for t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Client send t o er check d uplicat e add resses. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Addressing Whet h er y ou use DHCP or st at ic I P addr essing , und er st and ing addr essing is a ver y im por t ant skill. As a CCNP Supp ort candid at e, assum ed sk ills include b asic t hings su ch as ad dr essing, subn et t in g, sum m ar izin g, an d rou t ing. I n t his sect ion I t ake t he t im e t o rev iew becau se t oo •m any p rob lem Table of Content s s occur b ecause of lack of plann in g wit h I P ad dr essing. Prop er plannin g p r ev ent s •poor perf or man I ndex ce in all cir cu m st an ces. Besid es, y ou w ill need t h ese sk ills in t he Tr ou ble Tick et s, CCNP ra cti cal por St udi es:ly Tr ouble bu t mPor e im t ant in t heshoot r ealingw or ld. By Donna L. Har rington

Ch apt er 1 cov ered t he b asics of I P ad dr essing, discu ssing t he 4. 2 billion ( 2 32 ) , 3 2- bit , dot t eddecimal for m at . Table 3 - 9 r ev iew s classes and m asks. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Tab le 3 -9 . I P Ad dr ess Cla sses a nd M a sk s Cla ss and Ra ng e

D e ci m a l M ask

Bit w i se Ma sk

* ] for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing 25 Hand 0 s-Aon 1 –12 pr act 7 [ ice exam 5. 0. 0. w it0 h TCP/ I P, / 8LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 10 B 1 28– 191 25 5. 255 . 0. 0 / 16

Wit b ook, can: 11 h0 t his C 192 –22 you 3

25 5. 255 . 255. 0

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Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or [ * ] Loopback w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Pub licEst addr esses ar e r eg istand er eddocu t h rou gh yy our SPysical or at and w w wlogical .ar in. net ablish a baseline ment our Iph n et.wARI or kN is one of t h e t hr ee r eg ional I nt er net r egist r ies ( an d is t he au t hor it y in t he Unit ed St at es) . RI PE NCC is t h e aut h orit y for Eur ope,if tyhe Midd le East , Nor h Afr ica, and of Asia. C is t he Asia I dent t r oublesh oot ing t art get s using pinpar g, t rsace, sh owAPNI , clear , debu g, anPacific d ot herNet w or k I nf orm ionleshoot Cent r ing e ( an d is an t hed aut h or t r at oub t ools u t ilit iesit y for p art s of Asia not und er t he aut hor it y of RI PE NCC) . I r eg ist er ed m y d omain nam e in for m at ion w it h VeriSign and m y local I SP h ost s t he Diagn in ose and w t r ebsit oublesh ootmact al praoblem s by tfes ollow it h aut r ovided Shor eTrain g. com e f or e. u Take few minu anding goalong out t ow ARI N' shworebpsit e, u se t heir alyt o st (dro) aOS and I OS( w ar e com andAn inpexam ut , oup tleput loggin g ess is w hoisCat t ool look upCisco of any pubr )licSof adt dr ess y ou m like. of, aand pu blic addr 21 6. 239 . 51. 10 0, w hich happ en s t o be one of m y f av orit e sear ch engin es. Th is addr ess falls u ct or ev elop p rob lem ion .2m39. et hods t o .r esolv e er, Tr ouble Ticklik et es t o pick on w it hinUse t heinnst etr wor k -bdlock of 2ed16. 23 9. 32.- 0isolat t o 216 6 3. 255 How ev I do not pu blic sit es, so I w ill st ay wit h pr iv at e add resses f or t h e pr act ical st u dies. Priv at e add r esses " Snif t he w ired e ton o sp ot Innet w net or k, issu should notf"be r out t he t er andest hey fall wit h in t h e follow ing r anges: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, and t ilizat ion25and 10 .0 . 0. 0/sp 8 eed ( 10 .0 . 0. du 0 t plex o 10,.2u55. 2 55. 5) collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 17 2. 16. 0 .0 / 12 ( 17 2. 16. 0. 0 t o 172 .3 1. 255 . 255 ) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env2.iron 19 168ment . 0. 0/s16 ( 1 92. 16 8. 0. 0 t o 1 92. 16 8. 255 . 255 ) Desig andyou CCIarE(e r)u sing pr of essionals, indeisp en sab b uilds Not icened t hatfornoaspir mating t er CCNP wh et her a pub lic ort his pr ivat addr ess,le ylab ou g stuide ill need a suon bnet Cisco( w ork in gpor ( CI T) t op ics cer t hat p r ep areh ave y ou hfor m ask tr)o Idnt iv er idenet t he net Trou w or kbleshoot and host t ion. I am t ain you eartdhemCCNP any an alog ies on oubleshoot Fullcom of pr act ical er cises atreet g et byein ou gr eady f orwchallenges on ht he j ob, tTr his b y now , bing ut exam t he m.ost m on is prex obably t h tehst t he net or k and y our ouse CCNP Pr act ical aSthost ud ies: oublesh oot g er g ives y ou an edgate tov t heress comand pet it ionytour hr ough nu mb er being on Tr t he net w or k .inAlt n at ively, look h eeradd use " net rwealork or ldmeasur ap plicat LAN and twape e"ion t o of m easur e of fWAN t he nt op et wics. or k bit s fr om left t o r igh t , or j ust t h ink of a paint er m asking of f wh at h e does not w ant t o p aint . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porback t ant con cep t se cen o t h e tyr our oubleshoot t ion CCNP (cer t ificat ion, in g a Look at Figur 3- 1t ral t o rteview st r eet s ing ( netpor w ork s) of antdhehouses host s) . Qu ickinclud ly m ake

list or t ab le of you r net w or ks and host s as in Table 3 - 10, b ecause y ou w ill soon be ch anging y our I P ad dr essing schem e. Not ice how I also in clu ded t he r out er int er faces, because t hey need an add ress t o operat e w it h I P ( unless, of cour se, y ou ar e u sin g som et hing like I P unn um ber ed ) .

Tab le 3 -1 0 . Cu r r en t I P Addr e ssin g

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r 1e0

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host a

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host b

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r 1s1

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r 3s0/ 0

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r 3f a2/ 0

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Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 19 2. 168 . 2.84 0/024

19 2. 168 . 3. 0/ 24

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, 19 2. 168 . 3.ing 5/ 24 hostan c d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 19 2. 168 . 4. 0/ 24 19 2. 168 . 4. 1/ 24 r 1e1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: 19 2. 168 . 4. 2/ 24 r 2e0 19 2.Set 168 .u5. 19 2.w 168 . 5.lab 1/ 24 2s1 ex am t op ic, w it h or p 0/ an24 d f ollow along w it h realor ld scenar ios aligned t o reach w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 19 2. 168 . 5. 2/ 24 r 3s0/ 2 a baseline and docu ment y our ysical and logical n et wr 2S0 or k 19 2.Est 168ablish . 6. 0/ 24 19 2. 168 . 6.ph 1/ 24 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s 2. using g,1 an d ot her 19 168 .pin 6. 2/g,24t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu r 3s0/ t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 10 .1 . 1. 0/ 24 10 .1 . 1. 1/ 24 r 1s0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided . 1.t w 2/ar 24e com m and inp ut , ou t putr 5s0 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS(10 r ) .1 Sof , and loggin g 10 .2 Use . 2. 0/in24 .2 -. isolat 2. 1/ 24ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr r 3s0/ 3 Tick et s st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob10 lem ouble . 2.es 2/ 24 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or10 k .2 issu

r 4s0/ 0

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h plex , yuou t ilizat ion and idtrh, CSMA/ CD, on, ek, What cabling, a wast e sp of eed ad drand ess du space, sh ould be t collisions, hin king t o byandw our self ig ht about now anwdayif lin y ou iatad ion, addr essing encapsulat ion, of and w ere aut u sino gnegot p ublic dr esses, t hat ,wou ld b e m ore a wmor ast e e. Alt houg h t he pr oblem m ay not be app arent w it h a list of net w or k s and host s, m any p rob lem s show up lat er . Keep you r t able ly awlay er ed t routblesh ootine ingt met odology o rerealrout ot ing swit chin han dyApp ; y ou ill con t inue o exam his. hFir st , howtev , I life w ant r ev and iew subn et t ingg in a lit t le env iron ment s m or e det ail. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Subnetting Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld m apyplicat of ILAN t op ics. From backion y ard can and see WAN t he Ch esapeak e Bay Br idge an d t he east boun d an d w est bou nd cars. Fr om Mem or ial Day t o Labor Day is pr im e beach t ime. Ever y Friday night people h ead f or CCNP Pr actand ical rSt ies: Tr e oublesh ootay. in g Car p r ovides y ou w itath ap ract ical ill infon or mat e t he beach etud ur n hom on Sund s ar e almost st andst t he ion br idon geall at t thhose im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g t im es. Needless t o say, t his is on e hug e collision an d br oadcast dom ain. Somet im es t he Mass

Tr ansit Au t hor it y ( MTA) su bnet s, and I b et t h ey d on' t even k now it . They bor r ow t em por arily less- congest ed lan es f r om t he west bou nd sid e t o send m ore people dow n t he east bou nd sid e. They also im plement ed EZPass t o let t he com m ut er s hav e t h eir ow n lanes ( lik e queuing ) . That is all sub net t ing is. Now not as m any car s ( host s) can t r av el t he w est bound side, because MTA bor r ow ed t h em t o m ak e m ore lan es ( su bnet s) f or east boun d t raf fic. Sub net t ing is all abou t bor r ow ing fr om t h e host b it s t o get m or e net w or ks. Rout ers hand le mu lt iple subn et s by par t it ioning collision and br oadcast d om ain s t o avoid congest ion. •

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Feel f r ee t o r ev iew t he su bnet t ing ex amp les f r om Ch apt er 1, b ut you m ay as w ell pu t t h is t o • I ndex pr act ice in y our lab . Look at y our r out in g t ables t o see how t hey display t he net w ork s y ou are CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing using . Refer t o Ex am ple 3- 34 f or m ine. By Donna L. Har rington

ExaPubmlishpler:e Cisco 3 - 3Press 4 . Cha pte r 3 N et w or k s Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 Wit h t his b ook, you can: E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP IS-IS, - IS-IS level-1, L2 scenar - IS-IS * - candidate Setiu p- an d f ollowL1along w it h realw or ld lab ios level-2, aligned t o each ex am t op ic, default w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment U - per-user static route, o - ODR Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Gateway of last resort is not set I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t 192.168.4.0/24 r oub leshoot ing t ools d u t ilit iesconnected, Ethernet1 C is an directly R

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al192.168.4.2, pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 00:00:23, Ethernet1 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

R R C

10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 192.168.4.2, 00:00:24, Ethernet1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 10.2.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

10.1.1.0/24 isblesh directly connected, App ly a lay er ed t rou oot ing met h odology tSerial0 o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s R 192.168.6.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.2, 00:00:24, Ethernet1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on [120/1] via 00:00:18, Serial1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g 192.168.2.2, ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, C isoublesh directly Ethernet0 CCNP 192.168.1.0/24 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oot in connected, g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e R 192.168.2.2, Serial1 im por t192.168.3.0/24 ant con cep t s cen t [120/1] ral t o t h e via t r oubleshoot ing por t 00:00:18, ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2>show ip route ... C

192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

C

192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

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I ndex 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

R By Donna L. 10.1.1.0 Har rington [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:08, Ethernet0 R

10.2.2.0 [120/1] via 192.168.6.2, 00:00:23, Serial0

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

[120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:23, Serial1

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C

Pages: 84 0 192.168.6.0/24

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192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:08, Ethernet0

is directly connected, Serial0

R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:08, Ethernet0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 192.168.6.2, 00:00:23, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n[120/1] t ern et w orvia k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial0 Wit h t his b ook, you can:[120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:23, Serial1 R

192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.2, 00:00:23, Serial0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip mentvia 192.168.5.2, 00:00:23, Serial1 [120/1]

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r3>show ip route ... R

C

R R

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 00:00:17, Serial0/0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al192.168.2.1, pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s [120/1] via 192.168.5.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/2 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/2 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, 10.0.0.0/8 sp eedis andvariably du plex , usubnetted, t ilizat ion and 3collisions, subnets, b andw 2 masks idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 10.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:17, Serial0/0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/1

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and via CCI E(192.168.5.1, r) pr of essionals, t his ind ispSerial0/2 en sab le lab g uide b uilds on [120/2] 00:00:11, Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr ing exam . Full of pr act icalconnected, ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, C oubleshoot 10.2.2.0/24 is directly Serial0/3 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw ap plicat ion of LANis anddirectly WAN t op ics. C or ld 192.168.6.0/24 connected, Serial0/1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh via oot in 192.168.2.1, g p r ovides y ou 00:00:18, w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] Serial0/0 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

C

192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C

192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0

r4>show ip route ... •

R •

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192.168.4.0/24 [120/2] via 10.2.2.1, 00:00:13, Serial0/0 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

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192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 10.2.2.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0

By Donna L. Har rington

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks Pub lish er: Cisco Press

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10.1.1.0/24 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

[120/2] via 10.2.2.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0

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10.0.0.0/8 Pages: 84 0

[120/3] via 10.2.2.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0

10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0 192.168.6.0/24 [120/1] via 10.2.2.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0

Hand s-192.168.1.0/24 on pr act ice for t he CCNP Trvia oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble R [120/2] 10.2.2.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 10.2.2.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: R

192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 10.2.2.1, 00:00:14, Serial0/0

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r5>show ip route w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ... Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

R

[120/1] via 10.1.1.1, Serial0 I 192.168.4.0/24 dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r00:00:05, ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 192.168.5.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:06, Serial0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OSis andvariably Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e 3com m and inp2utmasks , ou t put , and loggin g 10.0.0.0/8 subnetted, subnets,

R

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem10.1.1.1, - isolat ion m00:00:06, et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 10.2.2.0/24 [120/2] via Serial0

R

" Snif10.0.0.0/8 f" t he w ir e t o[120/3] sp ot n et wvia or k 10.1.1.1, issu es 00:00:06, Serial0

R

C R R

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 192.168.6.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:06, Serial0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:06, Serial0 env iron ment s

R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:06, Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind Serial0 isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical10.1.1.1, ex er cises t h00:00:06, at g et y ou rSerial0 eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5> w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

You can ap ply t he sh aded ou t put in t he p reced ing ex am ple t o t he ot her r out ers, b ut on r 1 I am illust rat in g t hat t here are mu lt ip le pat h s t o sub net 1 92. 16 8. 5. 0 and 192 . 168 .6 .0 . Not e h ow t he r out ing t ab le out pu t show s 1 0. 0. 0. 0/ 8 , w hich is t he classf ul m ask , w it h t he subn et s 10. 1 .1 .0 / 24 and 10 . 2. 2. 0/ 2 4 b en eat h it . To p r ep are f or t h e chapt er Tr oub le Tick et s, I w ant you t o plan you r new ad dr essing sch em e using 19 2. 168 . 5. 0/ 24 as a st art in g point . You k now how m any net w ork s and h ost s you hav e, bu t •plan on addinTable of Content g a few m or es f or gr ow t h. D o n ot assum e t hat y ou can use subn et 0 ( t he fir st •subn et ) , t he Ilast ndexsu bnet , or VLSM for n ow. Wr it e out you r calcu lat ion s as I d o in Figur e 3- 2 7, b ut save Pt he CCNP ra ctiact calual St udi con es:figu Tr ouble rat ion shoot f oringt he ch apt er Tr ouble Tick et s. Feel fr ee t o ex pand t h e binar y t o tBy r uly h elp y ou m ast er t he su bnet t ing concep t s. Donna L. Har rington Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Figu r e 3 - 2 7 . Subn et t i ng

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es NO TE Analy ze local emtot s in.com Et hern in clud w it h For m ore pr actand ice, rgo o ew access w w .learpr ntoblem osub net or et retnet u rnwtor o ks, Ch apt er 1.ing Whissues en y ou cabling, spereed plex , u ts,ilizat collisions, b andw idt h, CD, on e- w ayorlin k, hav e m ast ed and t heseducon cept youion canand ch eck y our w or k ag ain st tCSMA/ he su bnet calculat aut o negot iat at Cisco.com . ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s You cer t ainly shou ld p lan y our ad dr esses carefu lly , an d t his is m or e t han j ust com piling an Excel Desig for and aspircheck ing CCNP pr of isp ene. sabHowev le lab er g uide b uilds spr eadned sheet ing offand w h CCI at yE( our)hav e essionals, han ded outthis t o ind ever yon , w h at couldony ou Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP do if I t old you t h at I w an t t o t ak e one of t h e su bnet s an d su bdiv ide it t o m ax im ize t h e nu mb er Tr ing pexam . Full actitical er cises t h at egsubn et y ou or challenges t he j ob, of oubleshoot subn et s I can ossibly g etoffrpr om ? I tex end t o reserv et r0eady for tfhis pu rp ose, soont ake CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal19 2. 168 . 5. 0/ 28 and f ur t her sub net it accor ding t o t he inf or mat ion p rov ided. Figur e 3- 2 8 sh ows w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. m y VLSM calcu lat ion s. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 3 - 2 8 . VLSM

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

HandNO s- onTE pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Sub net t ing and VLSM ar e all abou t m ov ing t he n et w or k m ask bit boun dar y t o t he r ight . Wit h For t hisever b ook, you bit can: y host b orr ow ed, t h e av ailab le su bnet s d ouble an d sim ilar ly t h e host s exp onent ially decrease, t oo. When I m ak e a cak e for deser t an d p lan on 8 people eat fordex amp le, I w ould obably cutlab it in t o 1 0ios or aligned 12 pieces o m ake surteopI ic, havweit h or Seting, u p an f ollow along w it h pr realw or ld scenar t o teach ex am enoug h cak e ( subn et s) for all. I f I cu t t h e cak e int o exact ly eight pieces, h owev er , and w it hout t h e act ual equip ment each g uest br ings a f riend, I gu ess I cou ld per for m VLSM on t h e pieces of cak e. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I t ookt rtoub he VLSM exam le fran omd au tdiff er ent appr oach in t h at I kn ew I nev er n eeded m ore t han t w o leshoot ing tpools ilit ies host s. So I used t h e 2 x – 2 f orm ula t o calculat e host s an d placed t he 0s in t he char t fir st . Tables ar e helpf ul ose t o orand ganize such dat asu al I dem onst rsatby e in Table 11. w it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagn t r oublesh oota,act pr oblem f ollow ing3 -along Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s t he1 w e tbne o sp ot w or issu es Tab" Snif le 3f" -1 . irSu t s,n etBr oak dca st Addr esses, Host s, a nd VLSM Subn e t s Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Su bne ts 16 ion and 32 collisions, 48 96CD, on e..w . ay 22 4lin k, cabling, sp eed and0du plex , u t ilizat b 64 andw idt 80 h, CSMA/ o st negot iat ion, addr Broaaut dca 15 essing , encapsulat 31 47 ion, and 63 mor e79 95 11 1 . . . 23 9 o –62 r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin H ostApp s ly a lay er ed t rou 1–blesh 14 oot ing 17met –33h odology 33 –46 t49 65 –78 81 –94 97 –11 0 g. . . 22 5–2 38 env iron ment s 0 ( 1– 2) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 4 ( 5– 6) Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 9– 10) oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: 8Tr(oublesh w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. V LSM subn et s 12 ( host s) 13oublesh –14 ) oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: (Tr im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Som e gener al sugg est ions I can r ecom m end for VLSM in clu de t h e follow ing: St e p 1 . St ar t w it h y our h ost r eq uir em ent s. St e p 2 . Next calculat e for t h e LAN segm ent s. St e p 3 . Then subnet a LAN t o get y our W ANs. • •

Table of Content s

St e p 4I.ndex Mor e t h an t h r ee lev els can get a lit t le t oo conf using.

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

NO TE

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN:w1-0 57ions -0 Realor58 ld720 solut in clu de t opics such as pr ox y ser v er s an d Net w or k Add ress 84ion 0 TrPages: anslat ( NAT) , w hich ar e cov er ed in a lit t le mor e d et ail in t h e Pr act ical St ud ies Rem ot e Access Gu ide . A pr oxy ser ver , f or exam ple, h as one NI C t o t h e out side w or ld and one t o inside n et wor k . Requ est s m ad e by t h e inside host s ar e m ade t o t h e pr ox y ser v er t o r elay t he r equest s an d r esp onses. NAT doesn't use a pr oxy ser vice. I nst ead, a r out er r un ning NAT can replace t h e insid e add resses w it h out side ad dr esses. Fin ally , h of t h ese echniq canTrboubleshoot e com b in ed . exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Handbot s- on pr act ice tfor t he ues CCNP ing

t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ult im at ely , besid es bein g neat abou t t h ings an d sav ing add resses, y ou w ant t o plan y our add ress sch em e so t hat it is not so st r essfu l on y our r out ing t ab les. I t wou ld b e a p er f ect w orld if ever yon ood t hwe itim t ance t his. Af t erios all,aligned t here ist omor e tex o life anic,just Sete ur peally an dufnder ollowstalong h por realw or ldoflab scenar each am tthop w it h or shar ing ust eat it t oo. Figur e 3- 2 9 of fer s a hier ar chical v iew of t h e subn et t in g w it you houtr cake; t h e actyou ual m equip ment and VLSM m at h you d id p rev iously , w h ich w ill in t ur n m ak e sum m arizin g a br eeze. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilitries Figu e 3 - 2 9 . Sum m a r iz at ion Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Summarization

Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Sum m ar iz at ion is t h e r eal reason you w ant t o pay at t ent ion t o you r addr essin g schem e. Besides only h aving a finit e num ber of add r esses, r out in g t able gr ow t h has j ust ex ploded over t he y ear s. Ther e ar e m ore t han 100 , 000 I nt er net r out es t o dat e. See f or y our self in Figur es 3- 3 0 an d 3- 3 1 or g o t o a similar sit e f or a m or e cur r en t r epor t . Su mm ar izing en ables you t o hav e a sing le I P add ress r ange repr esent a collect ion of sm aller r ang es w h en deploy ed h ier ar chically . Collapsing t he rou t ing t able is an obv ious ad van t age t o sum m arizat ion, but t hin k about t he im p act on my net w or k if m y rou t ing t ables ar e aff ect ed ever y t im e a link g oes dow n on y our net w ork . •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Figu r e 3 - 3 0 . Rout e Ser v e r

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Figu 3 -and 3 1 Cisco . Cla Issle In e redom n Rout ( CI D R) Repor t Cat aly st ( rr) eOS OS( rss ) Sof t wtar com mai and inp ut , in oug t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s [ View " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es full size im age]

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO TE

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout e ion act ual Sum m ar tizhat increquip easesment st abilit y in t hat if one of y our link s f lap u p an d dow n, m y r out ing t ab les ar e n ot f lap ping r each able and un reachable. I f I h ave n et w or k Est2.ablish docu y our logical w or kd on' t hav e t h e 19 168 . 5.a0/baseline 24 and yand ou hav e ment 19 2. 168 .7 .ph 0/ ysical 24 , forand ex am ple, In reteally need t o k now ab out you r 19 2. 168 .7 . 4/ 30 . All I car e abou t is t o get t o 19 2. 168 .7 . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her any t hing I send t o y ou. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Sum m ar iz at ion lim it s t he num ber of r out er s t hat need t o r ecalculat e r out in g t ables. To det er min e a sum m ar y rou t e, a r out er d et er m ines t he h igh- or der ( 1 ) b it s t hat m at ch f or all Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s add resses. Som et imes t h is is done on t he classfu l bou ndar y au t om at ically and ot h er t imes y ou and I "m ay f"n eed t oirin t he iat eessum m ar y st at em ent , depending on t he rou t ing Snif t he w e clud t o speot n etappr w oropr k issu pr ot ocol. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Sub net t ing, VLSM, ar plex izat ion, ag grion eg at ion,collisions, sup er net tbing , and ar e CD, all ab chin cabling, sp eedsum andmdu , u t ilizat and andw idt CI h, DR CSMA/ onout e- wmayat lin k, g bit s. Su bnet t ing and VLSM m ov e t he n et wor k b it bou ndar y t o t he r igh t , w her eas su mm ar izat ion, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e agg regat ion , super net t ing, and CI DR m ove t he net w or k bit boun dar y t o t he left . I n Figur e 3- 3 2, HQ stApp ar t slywit 1 92. 16t8. 5.blesh 0/ 2 4 oot an ding b r met eak sh odology it dow n in sublife net rou 1 92. 16 8. 5. 32 / 27chin forgt he Nor t her n a hlay er ed rou t ot or ealt ing and swit Region, 68. 5s.6 4/ 27 f or t he West er n Reg ion, 19 2. 16 8. 5. 96/ 2 7 for t h e Sout h er n Region, and env192 iron.1ment 19 2. 168 . 5. 128 / 27 for t he East er n Reg ion. I n t ur n, each of t he r egions u ses VLSM t o subn et t heir Et h er nned et s for t o aaspir / 28 ing andCCNP t heir and serials o ar) / pr 3 0. Yet each region can e / 27b back o HQ Desig CCItE( of essionals, t his ind ispsu enmm sab ar le ize lab tgh uide uilds ton Cor e. r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Figu r e 3 - 3 2 . N et w or k B it Boun da r ie s CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: The p r act ical ad dr essing ex am ples cer t ainly b rin g ou t t h e m at hem at ics in volv ed, b ut d ecr easing Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t he im p act on net w ork s at t ach ed t o t he r out er s and u lt im at ely t he host s connect ed t o v arious w it hout t h e act ual equip ment sw it ch es is t he goal. I addr ess t hat t opic a bit mor e in Par t I I I , " Su ppor t ing Et hern et , Sw it ch es, and VLANs. " Now I w ant tand o q uickly r eview r outph inysical g p rotand ocolslogical so t hat Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our n etyou w orcan k sh oot t h eir t rou bles t hr ou ghout t h e book . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Routing Protocols Rou t ing pr ot ocols hav e t heir ow n uniqu e char act er ist ics, an d v ar ious Layer 2 encapsulat ion t yp es hav e a big im p act on t hem . Un der st an ding how t hey w or k w ill cer t ainly assist you in t r oub leshoot ing t h em now an d lat er . Most of t he st at ist ics list ed for each can be f oun d w it h I OS •com man ds such Tableas of show Contentisp p rot ocols, show i p rout e , an d show i p r out ing- pr ot ocol ?. •Log ging, debug I ndex , and pr ot ocol an alyzer s all w it h var ious lev els of im pact on t he w or kin g CCNP P rament cti cal St es: Tr oublevshoot ingle t ools t o see m ore det ail w hen t rou blesh oot ing, t oo. env iron arudi e cer t ainly aluab By Donna L. Har rington

How ev er , I w ant y ou t o r eser ve t hem for lat er chap t ers. Af t er all, m any of t hese pr ot ocols ar e not ju st I P- specif ic. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Dat e: April 0 4, f20 03 ing I nt er ior Gat ew ay Pr ot ocols ( I GPs) : RI P, I n t er ior Gat ew ay Rout ing FirstPub I discu ss t he ollow I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 Pr ot ocol ( I GRP) / Enhan-0ced I nt er ior Gat ew ay Rout in g Pr ot ocol ( EI GRP) , OSPF, and I S- I S. Th en I r ev iewPages: Bor der 84 0 Gat ew ay Pr ot ocol ( BGP) , wh ich is an Ex t er ior Gat ew ay Prot ocol ( EGP) .

RIP Hand s- onI npr iceion forProt t heocol CCNP ing exam w it h for TCP/ I P, anUniv d W er ANsal t r ouble Rou t ing foract m at ( RITr P)oubleshoot w as or iginally designed Xer oxLAN, PARC Pr ot ocol t( icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. PUP) , and in m any w ay s is st ill for " pups. " I t w as called GWI NFO in t he Xer ox Net w ork Syst em s ( XNS) p r ot ocol su it e in 1981 , and d ef ined in RFC 105 8 in 19 88. I t is easy t o conf igur e, and it Wit h t his b ook, you can: w or ks ver y w ell in sm all net w or ks. I n larg er net w ork s, how ev er , it can b e less eff ect iv e; as I say t o my self , " I t can RI P you apar t . " There are alt er nat iv es t o RI P for lar ger env ir onm en t s. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Ev ery one kn ows RI P b ecause it has been wid ely ad opt ed by PC, UNI X, and r out er m ak er s alik e. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment RI P has disadv ant ag es in t h at it operat es ov er UDP p ort 52 0 an d t he m ax imu m hop count is 15 . RI Pv 2Est assist s wait baseline h t he br oadcast nat ur e in t hatphitysical op er at es logical v ia m ultnicast ablish and docu ment y our and et w orov k er 224 .0 . 0. 9. Bot h RI Pv 1 and RI Pv2 ar e dist ance v ect or rou t ing pr ot ocols, w hich ar e of t en r efer red t o as r out ing by r um orI dent p r otifocols. y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ex am ine t h e follow ing list of RI P char act erist ics and r ef er back t o t he exam p les t h rou ghou t t h e chaptDiagn er , f orose y ouand h ave alr eadyoot ex perim w it hs by RI Pv 1 and Pv 2. Iwhope y our ical t r oublesh act u alent pr ed oblem f ollow ingRIalong it h aut h or-pr p ract ovided exer cises, w it h RI Pv 1 not supp ort in g d iscont ig uous sub net s and RI Pv 2 su ppor t ing t h em , w ill st ay Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g w it h you f or a long t im e. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s The f ollow in g ar e RI P char act er ist ics: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Op en ze pr ot ocol,and w idely used, st able. Analy local r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Good f or sm n etaddr wor kessing s in t hat it is v ery ion, easyand t o con aut o negot iatall ion, , encapsulat morfigu e re. Ther arlay e RI d ist an ce r out ing p rottocols f or an dand Ap swit pleTalk App lye a erPedlike t rou blesh ootvect ing or met h odology o r eallifeNov rouell t ing chin. g env iron ment s Dist ance v ect or rou t ing pr ot ocol. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on I GP. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, I P RI P upd at es are sent ever y 30 second s v ia br oadcast ( 224. 0 .0 . 9 f or RI Pv 2) . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldUDP ap plicat p ortion 52 0of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNPAdm Pr act icalr at Stive ud ies: Tr oublesh oot inist d ist an ce is 120 . in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Single m et r ic is hop count . ( The lim it is 1 5 t o assist wit h coun t - t o- inf in it y. ) Tim er s h elp r eg ulat e per for m ance: - U pda t e t i m e r— Fr equency of r out in g u pdat es. Ev er y 30 second s I P RI P send s a com plet e cop y of it s r out ing t ab le, sub ject t o split hor izon. ( I PX RI P d oes t his ev er y 60 secon ds.) •

- ITable nv a liofdContent t i m ers— Absen ce of r efr eshed cont ent in a r out in g u pdat e. RI P w ait s 18 0 I ndex second s t o mar k a r out e as inv alid and imm ediat ely put s it int o holdd ow n.

•

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har - Hrington old - dow n

Pub lish er: Pub Dat e:

t im e rs a nd t ri gg er ed up dat es— Assist w it h st abilit y of rou t es in t he Cisco env iron ment . Holddow ns en su re t hat regu lar upd at e m essages do not inapp r opr iat ely cause a rou t ing loop. Th e r out er doesn't act on non super ior new Cisco Press inf orm at ion for a cert ain per iod of t im e. RI P' s hold- d ow n t im e is 1 80 second s. April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

- Flush t im e r— RI P w ait s an add it ion al 24 0 seconds af t er holdd ow n b ef or e it act ually r em ov es t he r out e fr om t h e t able.

Pages: 84 0

Ot h er st ab ilit y feat ur es t o assist w it h rou t ing loops includ e t he f ollow ing : t hor on— NotTr usefu l t o send orm atwion a rLAN, out e an back direct ion Hand s- on pr- Sp actliice for iz t he CCNP oubleshoot inginf exam it h abou TCP/ It P, d WinANt he t r ouble fr om wh ich it cam e. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. - P oison r ev e rse— Up dat es t hat ar e sen t t o inv alid at e a r out e and place it in Wit h t his b ook, you can: holdd ow n. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Bellm w it hout an-t hFor e act d algor ual equip it hm .ment RI Pv Est ablish 2 su ppor a baseline t s VLSM and an ddocu summent m ar izat y our ion. ph(ysical RI Pv 1and doesn't logical . ) RI n et Pvw2or alw k ay s aut osum m ar izes at t he class boun dar y. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her RI P maint t r oubain leshoot s onlying the t ools bestan r out d uet ilit in ies it s r out in g t able, as y ou can v er ify in ex amp les t hr ough out t he ch apt er . I n Ex am ple 3- 2, f or exam ple, I con figu red RI Pv1 on r 1 and con t inued t o con figur e oseerand oublesh act uwalhile pr oblem s by f ollow alongatw it h orovided t he otDiagn her r out s. I nt r Ex am pleoot 3- 15, t r ou bleshoot in g ing I looked t hhe aut r out ingptrab les an d I P Catpr aly ( r ) OS and I Cisco OS( ar eExcom m and inpEx ut am , ouple t put andd isp loggin r out ing otst ocols. Then configI ur edr )RISof Pvt2w in am ple 3- 21. 3-, 22 laysgt he r out ing t ables and ou t put of show i p p rot ocols w it h RI Pv 2 con figu red. Look b ack at t hese exam ples t o Use in stt rhings u ct or -as d ev elop ed perob - isolat ion m eter hods esolv ouble Tickance et s associat ed r ev iew such t he u pdat chlem ar act er ist ics, t im s, ant od rad mineistTrr at iv e dist w it h RI P. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Ex am ple 3- 35 illust r at es r out es in holddow n . Fir st I t ur n on ser vice t im e st am ps an d set t h e ze you localcan andsee r em access oblem s in Et et Inet ks,deinbug clud ing w its, h clock Analy so t hat t hot e eact ual t impring of event s.hern Th en t urwnoron i p r issues ip e ve nt cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay lin k,t he r em ov e t h e cab le fr om r out er 2 Ser ial 1, p lu g it back in, w at ch t h e r out ing up dat es, and v iew aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e app rop riat e rou t ing t ables. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on NO TE Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot Full pr act ical ent ex erbcises at gefet ouhr eady f or debug challenges onands t he j ob, As alw aying s, inexam a pr.act icalofenv ir onm e v er yt hcar ul ywit r un ning com m CCNPduPreact ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealt o t heir ex cessive m em or y requ irem ent s and st r essfu l nat ur e on t he d ev ices. w or ldNot apice plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. m y in- line com ment s w here I unp lugg ed and plu gged t he cable b ack in . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 3 - 3 5 . De bu g O u t pu t for RI Pv2 Pack et s

r1(config)#service timestamps debug datetime localtime r1(config)#end •

Table of Content s

•r1#clock set I ndex 3:22:00 11 October 2002 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1#copy startup-config By Donna L. running-config Har rington Destination filename [startup-config]? Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Building configuration... I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

[OK]

Pages: 84 0

r1#debug ip rip events RIP event debugging is on Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Oct RIP: sending update via Ethernet0 (192.168.1.1) t icket11 s b 03:22:52: ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k v2 Tr oub leshootto in g224.0.0.9 ( CI T) t opics. Wit h 11 Oct t his03:22:52: b ook, you can: RIP: Update contains 8 routes Oct 11 03:22:52: RIP: Update queued Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Ethernet1 (192.168.4.1) Oct 11 03:22:52: RIP: sending Est ablish a baseline docu ment our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Oct 11 03:22:52: RIP: and Update sent yvia Ethernet0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Oct 11 03:22:52: RIP: Update contains 5 routes t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Oct 11 03:22:52: Update Diagn ose and t rRIP: oublesh oot actqueued u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Oct 11 03:22:52: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial0 (10.1.1.1) Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Oct 11 03:22:52: RIP: Update sent via Ethernet1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Oct 11 03:22:52: RIP: Update contains 8 routes! Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Oct 11 cabling, 03:22:52: sp eed and RIP:duUpdate plex , u t ilizat queued ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Oct 11 03:22:52: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1 (192.168.2.1) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env03:22:52: iron ment s RIP: Update sent via Serial0 Oct 11 Desig ned03:22:52: for aspir ingRIP: CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, Oct 11 Update contains 4 routest his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . FullUpdate of pr actqueued ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Oct 11 03:22:52: RIP: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld11 ap03:22:52: plicat ion of LAN WAN tsent op ics.via Serial1 Oct RIP:and Update CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in r ovides from y ou w192.168.2.2 it h p ract ical infon or mat ion on all t h e Oct 11 03:22:59: RIP: received v2g pupdate Serial1 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Oct 11 03:22:59: RIP: Update contains 5 routes Oct 11 03:23:02: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.4.2 on Ethernet1 Oct 11 03:23:02: RIP: Update contains 4 routes r1#!!!now I will unplug the r2s1 cable •

Table of Content s

r1# •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Oct 11 03:23:14: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.2.2 on Serial1 By Donna L. Har rington

Oct 11 03:23:14: RIP: Update contains 5 routes Pub lish er: Cisco Press

OctPub 11Dat03:23:14: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.4.2 on Ethernet1 e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Oct 11 03:23:14: RIP: Update contains 4 routes Pages: 84 0 Oct 11 03:23:14: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Ethernet0 (192.168.1.1) Oct 11 03:23:14: RIP: Update contains 8 routes Hand s- on03:23:14: pr act ice forRIP: t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Oct 11 Update queued t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ... Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1#show ip route Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ... w it hout t h e act ual equip ment C

192.168.4.0/24 directly connected, Ethernet1 Est ablish a baselineisand docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

R

R

ising possibly down,pinrouting I 192.168.5.0/24 dent if y t r oublesh oot t ar get s using g, t r ace, via sh ow192.168.4.2, , clear , debu g, Ethernet1 an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and [120/1] Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ouSerial1 t put , and loggin g 10.2.2.0/24 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:10,

R

Use in st r u ct or - d ev[120/2] elop ed p rob - isolat ion m et 00:00:07, hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 10.0.0.0/8 vialem 192.168.4.2, Ethernet1

C

" Snif10.1.1.0/24 f" t he w ir e t o sp n et w or k issu es isotdirectly connected, Serial0

R

C

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 192.168.6.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.2, 00:00:07, Ethernet1 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 env iron ment s

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via Serial1 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical192.168.2.2, ex er cises t h at g00:00:11, et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Plug le cep back in, cont iew t he ring esupor lt s, t ion and of t urt he n off all dcer eb ug action, ivit y includ , as inin g im port he t antcab con t s cen t ral tino ue t h et ot rrev oubleshoot CCNP t ificat

Ex am ple 3- 36.

Exa m pl e 3 - 3 6 . Plu g t he Cab le Ba ck I n a nd Ob se r ve t he Resul t s

r1#!!!now ITable will plug sthe cable back in • of Content •

I ndex

... CCNP

P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

By Donna L. Har rington

r1#show ip route C

Pub 192.168.4.0/24 lish er: Cisco Press

is directly connected, Ethernet1

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

R

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 is possibly down, routing via 192.168.4.2, Ethernet1 192.168.5.0/24 Pages: 84 0

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks R

10.2.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:13, Serial1

... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Oct 11 03:26:16: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.4.2 on Ethernet1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Oct 11 03:26:16: RIP: Update contains 4 routes Oct 11 RIP: sending v2 wupdate 224.0.0.9 viat oEthernet0 Set03:26:16: u p an d f ollow along w it h realor ld labto scenar ios aligned each ex am (192.168.1.1) t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Oct 11 03:26:16: RIP: Update contains 8 routes Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Oct 11 03:26:16: RIP: Update queued I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ingRIP: t ools sending an d u t ilit ies Oct 11 03:26:16: v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Ethernet1 (192.168.4.1) Diagn ose and t rRIP: oublesh oot actsent u al prvia oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Oct 11 03:26:16: Update Ethernet0 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Oct 11 03:26:16: RIP: Update contains 5 routes Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Oct 11 03:26:16: RIP: Update queued " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r1#show route aut o ip negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ... App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on R [120/1] via 00:00:04, Ethernet1 Cisco( 192.168.5.0/24 r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g 192.168.4.2, ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 2 er masks CCNP 10.0.0.0/8 Pr act ical St udis ies:variably Tr oublesh subnetted, oot in g g ives y3ousubnets, an edg e ov t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. R 10.2.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:07, Serial1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im con cep t s cen[120/2] t ral t o t h evia t r oubleshoot ing por00:00:04, t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g R por t ant10.0.0.0/8 192.168.4.2, Ethernet1

C R

10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 192.168.6.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.2, 00:00:04, Ethernet1 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:07, Serial1

C • •C

192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 Table of Content s I ndex 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna R 192.168.3.0/24 L. Har rington [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:07, Serial1

r1#undebug allPress Pub lish er: Cisco Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Fix any issu es befor e y ou con t inue. I f y ou cann ot see t he d eb ug out p ut wh en y ou t eln et in, y ou m ay need t o t ur n on t e rm in al m oni t or ( t e rm m on) . I n t his ex am ple, I did not show t h e out p ut of t he in t erf ace st at us on r 2, b ut t hat is pr et t y imp ort ant in t r oub leshoot in g such issues. Repeat t he ex am ple as n ecessar y or log it f or f ut ur e r efer en ce. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble See Figur e 3- 2on 4 orCisco look I at on eetof you r Snif t r aces analy ze t h e RI P p ack et f orm at . Up t o 25 t icket s b ased n t ern w or k Tr oub fer leshoot in gt o( CI T) t opics. dest inat ions can be list ed in a sing le pack et . Nex t I discu ss t he Cisco p rop riet ar y r out ing Wit t his bI GRP ook, and you EI can: pr othocols GRP. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

IGRP/EIGRP w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Est Gat ablish a baseline docu (ment ysical andinlogical n et w or0s k as a Cisco pr opr iet ar y I nt er ior ew ay Rout in g and Pr ot ocol I GRP)y our w asph d ev eloped t he mid - 198 pr ot ocol t o help ov er com e som e of limit at ion s of RI P, such as t he sing le met r ic of hop coun t . I t dent t r oublesh oot ingt ot arRIget s usingd ow pinng,t im t r ace, , clear , debu g, an d otse, heran d has stI ab ilitify yf eat ur es sim ilar P—holder s, sh sp ow lit hor izon, p oison r ever t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies t r igger ed u pdat es. The t im er s ar e as f ollow s: in valid 270 secon ds, holdd ow n 2 80 second s, and flu sh 63 0 seconds. I t also con t ains m ech anisms t o inf luence r out e select ion and unequ al load Diagn ose t and t r oublesh act u al prLik oblem s by ing it hr ics autfor h orp r ovided shar ing. I use he phr ase Bigoot D ogs Really eM eat t o frollow em em beralong t he mwet I GRP and Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g EI GRP: Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Band w id t h " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es D elay Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, Reliab ilitsp y eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Load App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env M TUiron ment s aspir CCNP andorCCI E(ing r) pr en sab le- Ford lab galgor uide itbhm uilds on IDesig GRP ned is anfor I GP, a ding ist an ce vect r out prof otessionals, ocol b asedt his on ind t heisp Bellman t hat Cisco( r) I nt net Trou ( CI T) p rocol ep are y ou for9.t he CCNP br oadcast s er r out inwgork u pdat esbleshoot ev er y 9 in 0 gsecon dst op ov ics er ItPhat pr ot n um ber I t is f in e for sm all an d Tr ed oubleshoot . Full pr act ical ex er cises t h ly at an g etd yadded ou r eady f or su challenges m ium - size ing net exam w ork s, bu t of Cisco enh anced it gr eat VLSM ppor t t o iton s t he j ob, Pr act ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealrCCNP ep lacem enical t , EISt GRP. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Cisco dev elop ed En hanced I GRP ( EI GRP) in t h e ear ly 1 990s t o ov ercom e lim it at ion s of RI P an d CCNP icalCisco St ud ies: oublesh oot in gt op be r ovides y ou h pI ract inf orismat onfor all lar t h ge e it s ow nPrIact GRP. say sTrI GRP is going r emov ed w fr itom OS. ical EI GRP su ition ab le im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ net w or ks t oday an d sup por s m ult iple r out ed pr ot ocols. I t consum es sig nificant ly less ban in dwg idt h

because of it s par t ial, b ounded up dat es, and can b e one of t h e fast est conv erg ing rou t ing pr ot ocols t her e is. The f ollow in g ar e EI GRP ch aract er ist ics: Cisco pr opr iet ar y pr ot ocol. •

Table of Content s net w or k s. Good f or sm all t o lar ge

•

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easy t oes: con re. Uses CCNP PVery ra cti cal St udi Trfigu ouble shoot ing

aut onom ou s sy st em ( AS) n um ber .

By Donna L. Har rington

Sup por t s m ult iple Layer 3 r out ed pr ot ocol st ack s, such as I P, Nov ell I PX, an d Ap pleTalk .

PubAdv lish er: Cisco dPress anced ist an ce Pub upDat dat e: es April and 0 4, r20 apid 03

vect or r out ing p rot ocol. Oft en called a hy br id due t o it s incr ement al conv er gence capab ilit ies.

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

IPages: GP.

84 0

Mu lt icast t r igg er ed upd at es over 2 24. 0. 0. 1 0, not per iodic. I P p rot ocol n um ber 88 . I nton er pr nalact adice min ist trhe at ivCCNP e distTr ance is 90 ; ex t erexam nal is w 170 Hand sfor oubleshoot ing it h. TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Met r ics are b andw idt h, delay , r eliabilit y , load, an d MTU. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Sup por t s equal- and unequ al- cost load shar ing . Ot abdilit y featalong ur es tw o itassist ww it or h rou t ingscenar loops:ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Seth er u pstan f ollow h realld lab w it hout t h e act ual equip ment - Sp li t hor iz on— Not usefu l t o send inf orm at ion abou t a r out e back in t he direct ion fr oma baseline wh ich it cam Est ablish and edocu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if-yP oison t r oublesh r evoot e rse— ing t ar Upget dats es using t hatpin ar eg,sen t r ace, t t o sh rem owov , clear e a r out , debu e and g, an place d otither in holdd ow n t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Uses Dif Diagn osefu and sing tUpdat r oublesh e algor oot act it hm u al( DprUAL) oblem t os select by f ollow loopingf ree along p at hs w itand h autghivore itp rver ovided y fast Cat aly conv erst gence. ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use por Sup in stt rsuVLSM ct or - dand ev elop m anu ed palrob sum lem mar - isolat izat ion m ( classless) et hods t o. r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif Aut om f" at t he ic classf w ir e tul o sp b ound ot n et arwy or sukmissu mares izat ion. Man ual Analy ze sum localmand ar izat r em ionoton e access up dat eprsent oblem outs each in Et hern int erf etace. net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Aut at ic iat r edist ut ion w it h, Iencapsulat GRP if samion, e ASand nu m ber. aut oom negot ion,r ib addr essing mor e Rou p olicy - based App tlye at agg lay in ergedfort rou blesh oot ingr out metinhg. odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s EI GRP get s it s reliabilit y fr om t h e Reliable Tr anspor t Pr ot ocol ( RTP) . I t m aint ain s not only a rDesig out ing t abfor le,aspir b ut also a neigh borCCI anE( d r) t opprology t ab le. EIt his GRP misp aint s le altlab er n gatuide e r out es r efon err ed ned ing CCNP and of essionals, ind enain sab b uilds tCisco( o as successor s ( r ou t in g t able) and f easible successor s ( t opolog y t able) t o quick ly con ver ge. The r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are ou for t he CCNP follow ing pack et t y pes ar e used f or neigh bor com m unicat ions: h ellos ( m ult icast ) an d ack s Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, (CCNP un icast , uical pdatSte ud ( mies: ult icast or un oot icast m ult u nicast ) , and Pr)act Tr oublesh in)g, q g uery ives y(ou anicast edg)e, reply ov er t(he com pet it ionr eq t hruest ough r eal(wmorult icast or u nicast ) . Pack et s ar e held in a queue for r et r ansmission, and t h er e ar e separ at e ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. neighb or t ables ( an d ent ir ely sep arat e pr ocesses) f or each p rot ocol. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Cisco e w tond er tf ul s on EI GRP hatt ion y ouofshou d ow nload an dion, revinclud iew t oinassist im por thas ant som con cep s cen ralwt h o itt e h epaper t r oubleshoot ing tpor t he ld CCNP cer t ificat g

y ou w it h t r oub leshoot ing . Ot h er popu lar ref er ences inclu de t h e book EI GRP Net w or k Design Solu t ion s ( Cisco Press) . Just rem em b er wh en t r oub leshoot in g EI GRP, act iv e ain't g ood, b ut passive is. Act iv e m ean s t hat you ar e act iv ely look ing for som et hing t hat y ou don' t h ave. Pay par t icular at t ent ion t o su m mar izat ion w hen y ou ar e exp er iencin g st u ck - in- act iv e sit uat ions. Besid es t he basic I OS com m ands in y our reper t oire, y ou should add show i p e i grp ? an d de bug i p e i grp ? f or y our EI GRP I P t r oubleshoot ing assist ance. Next I v ery b r ief ly rev iew OSPF, I S- I S, and BGP. You w ill cont inu e t o con figur e, an aly ze, and t r oub leshoot t he conv er gence of t hese pr ot ocols ov er var ious Layer 2 t echnologies t h rou ghou t t h e r est of t his book . • Table of Content s •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

OSPF By Donna L. Har rington

Op en h First ( OSPF) ov ercom es t he d isad van t ages of RI P an d is not p r opr iet ar y in PubShor lish er:t est CiscoPat Press nat u r e, b ut it s openn ess supp or t s only t h e I P r out ed pr ot ocol. The p rot ocol is a link - st at e I GP Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 based on t h e Dijk st r a algor it hm developed by t h e I nt ern et En gineering Task For ce ( I ETF) t o I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 supp ort lar ge het er ogeneous n et w or k s. Lot s of r esear ch w as com plet ed f r om 19 87 unt il t he 84 0 2 sp ecificat ion in 1 991 . Link - st at e ad ver t isem en t s ar e sen t t o all, w hich cau ses an cur r enPages: t OSPFv init ial f lood on t h e r out er; aft er t hat , h ow ev er, OSPF is v er y eff icient in operat ion . I t u ses t h ree dif fer en t dat abases ( t ables) for t he neigh bor s, lin k st at es, and rou t es. The f ollow in g ar e OSPF ch ar act er ist ics: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Op en pr ot ocol. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Good f or sm all t o lar ge net w or k s. Not o desig n and figu re herscenar pr ot ocols. Set uas p easy an d f tollow along w itcon h realw oras ld ot lab ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Sup por t s only t h e I P Layer 3 r out ed pr ot ocol st ack . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Lin k- st at e r out in g pr ot ocol ( doesn't j ust send t o n eigh bor s like dist ance vect or ) . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I GP. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Mu lt icast link - st at e ad ver t isem ent ( LSA) u pdat es ov er 22 4. 0. 0. 5 and 224 . 0. 0. 6. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g I P p rot ocol n um ber 89 . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Adm inist r at ive d ist an ce is 110 . " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Met r ic is a cum ulat iv e cost ( inv er sely pr opor t ional t o b andw idt h ) . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Sup por t s only equ al- cost load shar ing , but som e imp lem ent at ions can t ak e adv ant age of cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, t y pe of serv ice ( TOS) requ est s. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Requ ir es a rou t ing hierar chy in t hat ever y ar ea m ust t ou ch t h e back bone ar ea ( ot h er w ise App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g t em por ary fix es su ch as v ir t ual link s ar e used) . Var ious rou t er t yp es, LSA t y pes, ar ea t y pes, env iron ment s and st at es, dependin g on y our d esign and Layer 2 t opolog y. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Uses Dij kst r a alg orit h m t o select loop- f ree pat hs and g iv e it fast con ver gence. This uses Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP LSAs an d is based on t he Shor t est Pat h Fir st ( SPF) alg orit h m , w here t he p rot ocol g ot it s Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, nam e. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldSup ap plicat of LAN t opion ics.( classless) . por t sion VLSM and and sumWAN m arizat CCNPSup Pr act ical Stanual ud ies: su Trmoublesh g p r ;ovides ou waut it hom p ract mat ion onball t h efor m ed por ts m mar izatoot ionin only t h is isy not at icical likeinf EIorGRP. Must e per im poron t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g an ABR ( ar ea r ang e) or ASBR ( sum m ary ad dr ess) only.

Rou t e t agg in g for p olicy - based r out in g. Besid es t he basic I OS com m ands in y our reper t oire, y ou should add show i p ospf ? an d de bug ip ospf ? f or y our OSPF t r oubleshoot ing assist ance. OSPF r efer en ces includ e t he b ooks OSPF Net w or k Design Solut ions ( Cisco Press) and OSPF: Anat om y of an I nt ern et Rou t in g Pr ot ocol ( Addison- Wesley ) . Joh n Moy is t he au t hor of t h e lat t er, •and if y ou t ruTable of Content s ly wan t t he RFC det ail, t his is t h e book t o r ead . Next t ak e a look at I S- I S. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

IS-IS

By Donna L. Har rington

lish er: Cisco ThePub I SO w as w orPress king on I nt er m ed iat e Syst em - t o- I nt er mediat e Sy st em ( I S- I S) abou t t h e same Pub Dat e: April 0 4,w 20ork 03 ing on OSPF. The lat e 198 0s and ear ly 199 0s, a t im e in our hist ory w h en t im e t he I AB w as I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 ever yon e t hou ght t he -0OSI suit e w ould ov er t ak e TCP/ I P, w as wh en I nt egr at ed I S- I S w as pr oposed. Pages:Alt 84 h 0 ough or iginally designed for OSI r out ing , I S- I S w as dev eloped by I SO t o sup por t CLNS/ CLNP. I n t eg rat ed I S- I S, w hich sup por t s I P, w as a lat er developm ent . Th e pur p ose w as t o pr ov ide a sing le r out ing pr ot ocol t h at could r out e Connect ionless Net w or k Pr ot ocol ( CLNS) and I P. I S- I S is in use by I SPs t od ay. OSPF and I S- I S h ave m any com m on feat ur es.

The f ollow in g ar e I S- I S char act erist ics: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Op en pr ot ocol. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Good f or m ed iu m t o ver y larg e net w or ks. Set p an f ollow h realor ldt olab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or I SO ulink - stdat e r outalong in g p rw otitocol simwilar OSPF. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment I GP. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I S- I S Lay er 2 PDUs r at her t han I P p ack et s. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her tUses r oub Layer leshoot2ing t ools m ult icastan . d u t ilit ies Diagn oser at and r oublesh act.u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Adm inist ivet d ist an ce oot is 115 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Very lim it ed m et r ic dy nam ic r ange ( 0–6 3) . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Eq ual- cost load sh arin g. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Tw o- lev el hier ar ch ical t opology . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed andalgor du plex , u. t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Uses Dij kst r a/ SPF it hm aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Sup por t s VLSM and sum m arizat ion . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Man ual ment sum m env iron s ar izat ion . in ging forCCNP p olicyand - based r out in g. DesigRou ned t e fort agg aspir CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Besid es t he basic I OS .com ands in ical y ourexreper t oire, add fshow i s- is ?, sh Tr oubleshoot ing exam Fullmof pr act er cises t h aty ou g et should y ou r eady or challenges on ow t he clns j ob, ?, and de bug i sis ? f or y our I SI S t rou blesh oot in g assist ance. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Jeff Doy le's Rou t in g TCP/ I P, Volum e I does a g ood j ob of ex plaining m any t opics, in clu ding I SICCNP S. Volum I I isStgr eat as oot is Sam t ern t ing chor it ect es.on all t h e Pr acte ical ud ies:f orTrBGP, oublesh in g pHalabi' r ovidess yI nou w iteth Rou p ract icalArinf maturion im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

BGP Bor der Gat ew ay Pr ot ocol ( BGP) is an EGP t hat pr et t y m uch replaces t he legacy EGP pr ot ocol it self . BGP perf or ms rou t ing bet w een aut on om ous syst em s and is t h e st andar d r out ing pr ot ocol on t he I nt er net . Th is is r ef er r ed t o as Ext er nal BGP ( EBGP) , w her eas wh en BGP is used t o r out e w it hin an AS it is r efer r ed t o as I nt er ior ( I BGP) . BGP is not a r out ing p rot ocol for t h e fain t hear t ed .Table I t r equir es alls m anual con figu r at ion s for a v ery g ood reason; you ar e not only • of Content aff ect in g y ou, but y ou ar e also af fect ing m e. For t rou blesh oot ing BGP, if r out es ar e not in t he • I ndex BGP t able, t her e is no w ay shoot t heying w ill be in t h e rou t ing t able. Alw ays mak e sur e y our neig hbor s CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble ar e t alk in g t o y ou. One of t h e most useful com m and s in t rou blesh oot in g BGP is show i p b gp By Donna L. Har rington sum m a r y. lish er:inCisco ThePub f ollow g ar Press e BGP char act er ist ics: Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Op en pr ot ocol. Pages: 84 0

Good f or ver y lar ge int er net w or ks. Not as easy t o desig n and con figu re as ot her pr ot ocols. Ev ery t hin g is m an ual, includin g neighb or s ( peers) . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble anced an ce vect or r outining p rot t icket Adv s b ased ond ist Cisco I nvect t ernor et wororpkatTrhoub leshoot g ( CI T)ocol. t opics. Wit h tEGP. his b ook, you can: TCP por t 1 79. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Iwnt nal tad iv e dist ance is 20 0; ex t ern al is 20 . it er hout h emin act ist ualr at equip ment Met r ics in a clubaseline de m anyand at t ribu such as MED, Or igand in, logical AS- Pat hn,etNext Est ablish docut es ment y our ph ysical w or k- h op, an d Com mu nit y . Does and oot a ping ar t icu t ing hierar ; r oll y our own,. debu g, an d ot her I dent ifnot y t rdem oublesh t arlar getrou s using pin g, tchy r ace, sh ow , clear t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Aut om at ic an d m an ual sum m ar iz at ion f eat ur es. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Rou t e t agg in g for p olicy - based r out in g. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Besid es t he basic I OS com m ands in y our reper t oire, y ou should add show i p b gp ? an d de bug Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ip b gp ? f or y our BGP t r oub leshoot ing assist an ce. Rem em ber t hat BGP is an EGP an d t hat w hat y ou d"oSnif af fect enwtor urkn issu on dam f" t sheotwher ir es.t oI SPs sp otoft n et es pening t o accoun t f or t hose w h o r eally d on't k now w hat t hey ar e doing w it h BGP con figu rat ion or t o comp en sat e for lin k flaps. Too m any chang es w it hinAnaly a cert p erand iod of t ime ay m ean t hat syou d on't to w com m unicat at all. zeain local r em ot e m access pr oblem in Et hernget et net or ks, in cludeing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, I ndiv idual rou t ing ot ocols ar e book s in t hemion, selves. aut o negot iat pr ion, addr essing , encapsulat andHow morever e , I h ave q uickly sum m ar ized t he com mon r out ing p rot ocols f or y ou. Th e rou t ing t able is a good place t o st ar t t r oubleshoot ing, but if r outApp es ar issing, at elyoot t hing ey may sical or and D at swit a Linchin k Lay ly ea m lay er ed tult rouim blesh met hdepend odologyon t o Phy r eallife Lay rou er t ing g er issues, neighb or iron r elat ion sh env ment s ip s, and t opolog y or link - st at e t ables. Cisco does a g r eat job at cat eg orizing m or e sp ecific I P r out ing issu es f or y ou ( see Figur e 3- 3 3) . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr Figu oublesh r e oot 3 - in 33 g .g ives I P Rou y ou an t i ng edg Top e ov erI tssu he com es pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e [ View full size imtage] im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO TE

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h et oact ment 1 - 3, f or a q uick comp arison of r out ing pr ot ocols. Refer b ack Chual aptequip er 1, Table Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Now it is t im e for t he Tr ouble Tick et s. Th e plan her e is t o g ive y ou sev eral t hing s t o d o, let y ou t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies m ake mist ak es and fix som e t hin gs on y our ow n, and t o int rod uce ot her p rob lem s t h at y ou should hav e som e exp er ien ce w it h as a supp ort per son. Shoot in g t rou ble w it h I P can easily be a Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided m ult iple- v olu me set of book s in it self. Because it is a big par t of t rou blesh oot ing t oday , I also Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g int egr at e m or e I P- r elat ed issues int o t he ot her chapt er s. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

NO TE Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Do w ri t eiat e ra se addr y ouressing rou t ers and st art ion, fr omand scr mor at che. Whet h er it is now or lat er, you autnot o negot ion, , encapsulat w ill lear n fr om y our ow n m ist ak es. I n t he r eal w or ld, m any t im es I f ind it easier t o j ust st ar tlyf rom at cht rou if tblesh h ingsoot d iff er met t hathmu ch . I nt oman y cases, o n ot hav e t hg at App a layscr er ed ing odology r eallife rouyt ou ingdand swit chin lux y —for w sh at y ou ch ange on a r out er aff ect s not just one per son, b ut m an y ot her s, envuriron ment and chang e cont r ol is a definit e m u st . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Tickets Com plet e t h e follow ing Tr ouble Ticket s in or der . Use t h e t ools f rom t his and t h e pr eceding chapt er s t o analy ze, t est , an d docum en t as you go. Feel fr ee t o cr eat e y our ow n Phy sical Lay er pr oblem s if you n eed mor e p ract ice t her e. Sam ple solut ions ar e p rov ided aft er t h is sect ion. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Trouble Ticket 1 By Donna L. Har rington

Qu ick ly r ev iew you r exist ing conf ig ur at ions an d copy t hem t o a TFTP serv er as r 1- r ip2 , r 2- r ip2, lishr4 er:- rCisco r 3- rPub ip2, ip 2,Press an d r 5 - rip 2 so t hat you can use t hem ag ain lat er . Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 Trouble Ticket 2

Dr aw a new Ch apt er 3 scenar io diagr am and lab el t he ad dr ess r ang es and int er faces per y our calcu lat ion s in Figur e 3- 2 7. Leav e t h e lin ks t o r 4 and r 5 n um ber ed as t h ey are. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Trouble Ticket 3

Wit h t his b ook, you can: Re- add ress t he net w ork usin g you r new diag ram . Rem ov e RI P and sav e y our con figu rat ion s. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Trouble Ticket 4

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Ch ange t he r out ing pr ot ocol f r om RI P t o EI GRP using an AS n um ber of choice. Ver ify r out in g I dent ifpr y ot t r ocols, oublesh gethav s using t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, ing an dt able. ot her Disconnect pr ocesses, anoot d ting hat t ar you e t h e pin corg, r ect inf orm at ion in each r out t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies and r econ nect t he r1 s1 cable and ex perim ent a bit . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Trouble Ticket 5

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Ping and t r ace fr om h ost a t o host c and capt u re t he r esu lt s. Sav e all con figur at ion s and v er ify t he w sp ot n et wQuick or k issu ever yt" Snif hingf"befor e iry eout ocon t inue. ly r es eview y our conf igur at ions and cop y t hem t o a TFTP ser v er as r 1- eigr p, r 2- eigr p, r3 - eig rp , r 4- eigr p, an d r5 - eig rp so t h at y ou can u se t hem again Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h lat er. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Trouble App ly Ticket a lay er ed6t rou (Optional) blesh oot ing

met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

env iron ment s Set u p an access list t o allow only host a t o t elnet t o r 1. The ot h er h ost s should not be ab le t o Desig aspir CCNP r) pr of essionals, t hist he indACL. isp enLeav sab le uidecon b uilds onion , t elnetned , bu tfor shou ld ing b e able t o and pingCCI or E( t r ace. Apply an d t est e tlab he gACL figu rat Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP bu t r emov e t h e app licat ion of it f rom t he int er face af t er y ou v erif y t hat it w or k s. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Trouble Ticket 7 (Optional)

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im cen t ral t o Dt hHCP e t r oubleshoot t ion oft he t heDiscover CCNP cer t ificat includ, in g Setpor u pt ant on econ of cep you trsclient s for t o capt ur e ing an dpor analyze , Of fer s,ion, Request and

Ackn ow ledg em ent fr am es.

NO TE • •

Tr ouble Tick et s 6 an d 7 ar e op t ional b onus ex er cises b ecause t h er e w ill be plen t y of Table of Content s opp ort unit y t o per for m sim ilar t est s lat er in t he b ook. Trou ble Ticket s 6 and 7 ar e for y ou t o wI ndex or k t hr oug h on y our own an d d o not hav e a solu t ion p rov ided.

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Tickets Solutions These solu t ions ar e not alw ays t he on ly way t o p er for m t hese t ask s. How ever , t he upcom ing chapt er scenar ios are based on t hese solu t ions. •

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Trouble Ticket 1 Solution CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

I r eview ed an d copied m y ex ist ing con figu rat ion s t o my TFTP ser ver as rx - r ip2, w here I replaced x for each r out er nu mb er . I n Ex am ple 3- 37, I perf or med a sim ple ping f irst t o m ak e sur e I had Pub lish er:yCisco connect ivit t o t Press h e TFTP ser v er , an d t hen cop ied t he f iles. You m ay w ant t o t weak t h e Pub Dat e: April 20 03TFTP ser v er t o p lace t h e files in t he locat ion y ou pr efer f or easy access lat er . conf ig ur at ion of0y4,our I SBN: 158 720 -0 -0 iliar w it h how you r par t icular TFTP ser ver han dles files t hat already ex ist . You should also get 57 f am For exam ple, Pages: 84 0y ou may w ant t o hav e it pr om pt y ou as t o w hat t o do if t he f iles alr eady exist . Th e answ er show s t he out pu t f or r 1 only, but t his w as p er f orm ed fr om each r ou t er .

Exa m pl e 3 - 3 7 . Cop yi ng Exi st in g Conf ig ur a t ion s t o a TFTP Ser v er Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b192.168.1.11 r1#ping ook, you can: Type escape sequence to abort. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP ment Echos to 192.168.1.11, timeout is 2 seconds: .!!!!Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1#copy running-config Diagn ose and t r oubleshtftp oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.11 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Destination filename [running-config]? r1-rip2 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es !! Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 1169 cabling, bytes copied sp eed and in du 5.680 plex , secs u t ilizat(233 ion and bytes/sec) collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1# App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot Trouble Ticket ing exam 2 .Solution Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldeap ionlays of LAN and WAN t op ics.sch em e t h at I used as a guid e for conf igur at ions in t h e Figur 3-plicat 3 4 d isp t he new ad dr essing exam ples t o follow . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 3 - 3 4 . Tr oub le Tick et s Sce na r io

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Trouble Ticket 3 Solution

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

I u sedI dent Figur 3 4 as aoot guing ide ttar o get re- ad dr ess pin t h eg,net w or k.shEx ple 338 shg,ows f ew if ye t3r oublesh s using t r ace, owam , clear , debu an da ot herpr oblems I had wt hen r ead dr essing t he in t er f aces. I could hav e t y ped no ip a ddr ess on each in t er f ace t o r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r em ov e t h e old on e befor e I st ar t ed, b ut t hen you m ay not hav e r ealized t he ov erlap ping pr oblem s. While on teach r outoot er , act I also ed nos by rout e r riing p t oalong qu ickw lyitrhem ovheort he RI P r out in g Diagn ose and r oublesh u al issu pr oblem f ollow aut p r ovided pr ot ocol com m ands. A quick t est af t er t he conf igur at ion is t o p er f orm show i p i nt e Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin grf ace br ie f t o v er ify t he conf igur at ion against t he dr aw ing . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

NO Analy TE ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Alt gh I did not addr shutessing m y int, erf aces dowion, n befor ande af t er con figu ring t h em , t hat is authou o negot iat ion, encapsulat andemor cer t ainly t he best p ract ice t o do so. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Exa m pl e 3 - 3 8 . Re- Add r essi ng a nd Re m ovi ng RI P Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config)#interface e0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1(config-if)#ip address im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t192.168.5.17 h e t r oubleshoot255.255.255.240 ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config-if)#interface e1 r1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.33 255.255.255.240 r1(config-if)#interface s1 r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.5.81 255.255.255.240 •

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r1(config-if)#no router rip • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(config)#end By Donna L. Har rington r1#copy running-config startup-config Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r2(config)#interface Pages: 84 0 e0 r2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.34 255.255.255.240 192.168.5.32 overlaps with Serial1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r2(config-if)#interface t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern s1 et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.49 255.255.255.240 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2(config-if)#interface e0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r2(config-if)#ip w it hout t h e act ual address equip ment 192.168.5.34 255.255.255.240 Est ablish a baseline ands0 docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2(config-if)#interface I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t192.168.5.65 ar get s using pin255.255.255.240 g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r2(config-if)#ip address t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r2(config-if)#no router rip Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2(config)#end Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2#copy running-config startup-config " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r3(config)#interface s0/0 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.82 255.255.255.240 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 192.168.5.80 overlaps with Serial0/2 env iron ment s r3(config-if)#interface Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and s0/2 CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam r3(config-if)#ip address . Full of 192.168.5.50 pr act ical ex er cises 255.255.255.0 t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and s0/0 r3(config-if)#interface WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.82 255.255.255.240 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

192.168.5.80 overlaps with Serial0/2 r3(config-if)#interface s0/2 r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.50 255.255.255.240 r3(config-if)#interface s0/0 •

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r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.82 255.255.255.240 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r3(config-if)#interface s0/1 By Donna L. Har rington

r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.66 255.255.255.240 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r3(config-if)#interface fa2/0 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.97 255.255.255.240 Pages: 84 0

r3(config-if)#no router rip r3(config)#end Hand s- on running-config pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r3#copy startup-config t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r4(config)#no router rip Wit h t his b ook, you can: r4(config)#end Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r4#copy running-config startup-config w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r5(config)#no router rip Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r5(config)#end I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5#copy running-config startup-config Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#show ipst rinterface brief " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp otIP-Address n et w or k issu es Interface

OK? Method Status

Protocol

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem sYES in Etmanual hern et net Ethernet0 192.168.5.17 up w or ks, in clud ing issues w upit h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, mor e up Ethernet1 192.168.5.33 YESand manual up App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Serial0 10.1.1.1 YES NVRAM up env iron ment s

up

Serial1 192.168.5.81 YES manual up up Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r2#show ip interface brief Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Ethernet0 192.168.5.34 YESy ou manual CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides w it h p up ract ical inf or mat ion on all tup he im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0

192.168.5.65

YES manual up

up

Serial1

192.168.5.49

YES manual up

up

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

192.168.5.82

YES manual up

up

192.168.5.66

YES manual up

up

192.168.5.50

YES manual up

up

10.2.2.1

YES NVRAM

up

up

192.168.5.97

YES manual up

up

r3#show ip interface brief Interface •

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Serial0/0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Serial0/1

By Donna L. Har rington

Serial0/2 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Serial0/3 Pub Dat e:

April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

...

Pages: 84 0

FastEthernet2/0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Trouble Ticket 4 Solution Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Ex am ple 3- 39 st ar t s t he EI GRP conf ig ur at ion and t est in g. I u sed AS n um ber 50 0 f or m y t est an d saved m y config ur at ions as I went along. Not ice in Ex am ple 3- 39 h ow I conf igur ed 10. 1. 1 .0 and Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 10 .2 . 2. 0. show r unni ng- confi g sh ows 10. 0. 0. 0 . EI GRP is r elat iv ely easy t o con figu r e, b ut w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r em em ber t hat it is p r opr iet ar y . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m I dent pl eif y3t-r 3oublesh 9 . EI oot GRP ing Conf t ar get isgur using a tpin i ong, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco500 I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1(config)#router eigrp Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p192.168.5.0 rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1(config-router)#network " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1(config-router)#end cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1#copy running-config startup-config App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r2(config)#router env iron ment s eigrp 500 r2(config-router)#network Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and192.168.5.0 CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r2(config-router)#end Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2#copy running-config w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN andstartup-config WAN t op ics. r3(config)#router CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: eigrp Tr oublesh 500 oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r3(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0 r3(config-router)#network 10.2.2.0 r3(config-router)#end r3#copy running-config startup-config •

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r4(config)#router eigrp 500 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r4(config-router)#network 10.2.2.0 By Donna L. Har rington

r4(config-router)#end Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r4#copy running-config startup-config Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r5(config)#router eigrp 500 Pages: 84 0

r5(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 r5(config-router)#end Hand s- on running-config pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r5#copy startup-config t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r5#show running-config Wit h t his b ook, you can: ... Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or router eigrp 500 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment network 10.0.0.0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k !

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ip classless Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ! Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ... Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s end " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Ex am ple 3- 40 illust r at es show i p p rot ocols an d show i p r out e t o v er if y EI GRP par am et er s and App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r out es. You sh ould ver ify ev er y r out er ; I hav e list ed only t h e fir st one. Th e EI GRP learn ed r out es env iron ment s ar e show n w it h a D, w her eas RI P r epr esent ed t hem w it h an R. I t is imp ort ant t o not e how EI GRP aut omned at ically su m ing marCCNP izes onand t heCCI classf ound ary . Desig for aspir E( r)ulprb of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Exa 3 - St 4 0ud. ies: EI GRP Te st iningg w i t h yshow i pepr nd show i p rr ealou t e CCNPmPrpl acteical Tr oublesh oot g ives ou an edg ovot er ocols t he comapet it ion t hr ough w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant ip conprotocols cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g r1>show

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 500" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates • •

Table of Content s I ndex Default networks accepted from incoming updates

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna EIGRPL. metric Har ringtonweight

K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0

EIGRP maximum Pub lish er: Cisco Presshopcount 100 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 Redistributing: eigrp 500

Automatic network summarization is in effect Automatic address summarization: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket10.0.0.0/8 s b ased on Cisco for IEthernet0, n t ern et w or k Ethernet1, Tr oub leshoot in Serial1 g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Summarizing with metric 40512000 192.168.5.0/24 for Serial0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w itSummarizing hout t h e act ual equip ment 281600 with metric Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Routing for Networks: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 10.0.0.0 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 192.168.5.0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Routing Information Sources: Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Gateway Distance Last Update " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es (this router) 5 00:16:31 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex 90 , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 10.1.1.2 00:15:44 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 192.168.5.82 90 00:16:31 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Gateway Distance Last Update Desig192.168.5.34 ned for aspir ing CCNP and90 CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 00:16:32 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam . Full pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Distance:ing internal 90 ofexternal 170 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1>show ip route CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default • •

Table of Content s

U - I per-user static route, o - ODR ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Gateway of last resort is not set By Donna L. Har rington

192.168.5.0/24 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masks Pub lish er: Cisco Press

D

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 192.168.5.96/28

[90/40514560] via 192.168.5.82, 00:16:37, Serial1

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

D

192.168.5.64/28 Pages: 84 0

[90/40537600] via 192.168.5.34, 00:16:37, Ethernet1

C

192.168.5.80/28 is directly connected, Serial1

C

192.168.5.32/28 is directly connected, Ethernet1

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble D 192.168.5.48/28 [90/40537600] via 192.168.5.34, 00:16:37, Ethernet1 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. D 192.168.5.0/24 is a summary, 00:18:11, Null0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: C

192.168.5.16/28 is directly connected, Ethernet0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w10.0.0.0/8 it hout t h e actis ualvariably equip mentsubnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

D

10.0.0.0/8 is and a summary, Null0 Est ablish a baseline docu ment 00:16:37, y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

C

I dent10.1.1.0/24 if y t r oublesh oot t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her ising directly connected, Serial0 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

NO TE " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Think about r our em t ingotteable issupr esoblem as you w or t hr ou e com m oning EI issues GRP w it h Analy ze localt he and access s in Etkhern et gh netsom w or ks, in clud tcabling, r oub leshoot ing com man ds. sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Ex amenv ple iron 3- 41ment f ur tsher ex plor es EI GRP w it h som e EI GRP- sp ecific I OS debu g com m ands. I disconnect ed t h e r 1S1 cab le aft er t u rn ing on a pr et t y ex plicit com m and f or y ou t o see t he EI GRP pack andforupaspir dat eing p rocess. Aft erCCI look atoft essionals, h e rou t ing t this able, p lugged le back in an Desigetned CCNP and E(inr)g pr indIisp en sab let he labcab g uide b uilds ond exp lored som e of t he EI GRP show an d log ging com man ds t h at ar e qu it e helpf ul in t r oubleshoot ing Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP in Ex am ple 342. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Exa m pl e 3 - 4 1 . Exp er i m en t i ng w i t h EI GRP Tr ou ble shoot i ng Tool s CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#debug eigrp ?

• •

fsm

EIGRP Dual Finite State Machine events/actions

neighbors

EIGRP neighbors

packets

EIGRP packets

transmit

Table of Content s I ndex

EIGRP transmission events

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har ringtontransmit r1#debug eigrp

EIGRP Transmission Events debugging is on Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

(ACK, PACKETIZE, STARTUP, PEERDOWN, LINK, BUILD, STRANGE, DETAIL) I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

01:21:06: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down 01:21:06: DNDB QUERY 192.168.5.80/28, serno 3 to 16, refcount 3 01:21:06: Anchoring Serial0, starting Serial0 timer Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot inEthernet1 g ( CI T) t opics. 01:21:06: Anchoring Ethernet1, starting timer Wit h t his b ook,Anchoring you can: Serial1, starting Serial1 timer 01:21:06: 01:21:06: Peer 192.168.5.82 going down Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 01:21:06: DNDB QUERY 192.168.5.96/28, serno 15 to 17, refcount 3 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 01:21:06: Last peer deleted from Serial1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 01:21:06: Dropping refcount on 192.168.5.80/28, refcount now 2 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 01:21:06: refcount 192.168.5.96/28, Diagn ose Dropping and t r oublesh oot act uon al pr oblem s by f ollow ingrefcount along w itnow h aut2h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 01:21:06: Packetizing timer expired on Serial0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 01:21:06: Packets pending on Serial0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 01:21:06: Intf Serial0 packetized QUERY 16-17 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and duis plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 01:21:06: Interface now quiescent aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 01:21:06: Building multicast QUERY packet for Serial0, serno 16-17 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 01:21:06: Items: U16 U17 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 01:21:06: Packetizing timer expired on Ethernet1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 01:21:06: Packets pending on Ethernet1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 01:21:06: Intf Ethernet1 packetized QUERY 16-17 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 01:21:06: Interface im por t ant con cep t s cen t ralis t o tnow h e t rquiescent oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

01:21:06: Building multicast QUERY packet for Ethernet1, serno 16-17 01:21:06:

Items:

16 17

01:21:06: Packetizing timer expired on Serial1 01:21:06: Packet acked from 192.168.5.34 (Ethernet1), serno 16-17 •

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01:21:06: Flow • I ndex blocking cleared on Ethernet1 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

01:21:06: Multicast acked from Ethernet1, serno 16-17 By Donna L. Har rington

01:21:06:

Found serno 16, refcount now 1

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: 01:21:06:

AprilFound 0 4, 20 03serno

17, refcount now 1

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

01:21:06: Packet acked from 10.1.1.2 (Serial0), serno 16-17 Pages: 84 0 01:21:06: Flow blocking cleared on Serial0 ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 01:21:07: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. to down Wit h changed t his b ook,state you can: r1#show ip route Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ... w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baselineisand docu ment y our ph ysical and logical2n et w or k 192.168.5.0/24 variably subnetted, 6 subnets, masks

C

I dent192.168.5.96/28 if y t r oublesh oot ing[90/40540160] t ar get s using pinvia g, t r192.168.5.34, ace, sh ow , clear ,00:00:12, debu g, an dEthernet1 ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 192.168.5.64/28 [90/40537600] via 192.168.5.34, 00:32:10, Ethernet1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and CiscoisI OS( r ) Sof t w connected, ar e com m andEthernet1 inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 192.168.5.32/28 directly

D

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 192.168.5.48/28 [90/40537600] via 192.168.5.34, 00:32:10, Ethernet1

D

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 192.168.5.0/24 is a summary, 00:33:44, Null0

D D

C

D

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 192.168.5.16/28 is, directly connected, cabling, sp eed and du plex u t ilizat ion and collisions,Ethernet0 b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 10.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:32:11, Null0 env iron ment s

C is directly connected, Serial0 Desig ned 10.1.1.0/24 for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 01:21:38: state up Tr oubleshoot%LINK-3-UPDOWN: ing exam . Full of prInterface act ical ex erSerial1, cises t h at gchanged et y ou r eady f orto challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal01:21:38: DNDB UPDATE 192.168.5.80/28, serno 0 to 20, refcount 2 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical Anchoring St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it htimer p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 01:21:38: Serial0, starting Serial0 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

01:21:38:

Anchoring Ethernet1, starting Ethernet1 timer

01:21:38: Packetizing timer expired on Serial0 01:21:38: Packets pending on Serial0 01:21:38: Intf Serial0 packetized UPDATE 20-20 •

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•

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01:21:38:

Interface is now quiescent

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

01:21:38: Building multicast UPDATE packet for Serial0, serno 20-20 By Donna L. Har rington

01:21:38:

Items:

S20

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

01:21:38: Pub Dat e:

AprilSuppressed. 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

...

Pages: 84 0

01:21:38: Building startup packet for 192.168.5.82, serno 1-20 01:21:38:

Items:

1 2 S4 S5 6 7 8 19 S20

Hand s- on pr%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam on w itInterface h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 01:21:39: Line protocol Serial1, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. changed state to up Wit h t his b ook, you can: 01:21:40: Building startup packet for 192.168.5.82, serno 1-20 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 01:21:40: Items: 1 2 S4 S5 6 7 8 19 S20 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 01:21:42: DNDB UPDATE and 192.168.5.96/28, 21, nrefcount 3 Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our phserno ysical 19 andto logical et w or k 01:21:42: Serial1, I dent if y t Anchoring r oublesh oot ing t ar get s starting using pin g,Serial1 t r ace, shtimer ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 01:21:42: Anchoring Ethernet1, starting Ethernet1 timer Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 01:21:42: Serial0, Serial0 timer Cat aly st ( rAnchoring ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) starting Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in stPacketizing r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 01:21:42: timer expired onion Serial1 " Snif f" Packets t he w ir e tpending o sp ot n eton w orSerial1 k issu es 01:21:42: Analy zeIntf localSerial1 and r em ot e access pr oblem s in21-21 Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 01:21:42: packetized UPDATE cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o ip negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1#show route ...

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

192.168.5.0/24 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masks Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP D 192.168.5.96/28 [90/40514560] via 192.168.5.82, 00:00:04, Serial1 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealD 192.168.5.64/28 [90/40537600] via 192.168.5.34, 00:00:04, Ethernet1 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. C 192.168.5.80/28 is directly connected, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w itSerial1 h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

C

192.168.5.32/28 is directly connected, Ethernet1

D

192.168.5.48/28 [90/40537600] via 192.168.5.34, 00:00:04, Ethernet1

D

192.168.5.0/24 is a summary, 00:34:12, Null0

C

192.168.5.16/28 is directly connected, Ethernet0

• •

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10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

D

10.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:00:04, Null0

By Donna L. Har rington

C

10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1#undebug all Pub Dat e: April 0 4,

20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 3 - 4 2 . Tr oub le sh oot in g Usi ng EI GRP Show Comm a n ds Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1#show ip eigrp ? Wit h t his b ook, you can: interfaces IP-EIGRP interfaces Set u p an d fIP-EIGRP ollow alongneighbors w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or neighbors w it hout t h e act ual equip ment topology IP-EIGRP Topology Table Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k traffic IP-EIGRP Traffic Statistics I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1#show ip eigrp neighbors Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 500 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g H

Address Interface Uptime SRTT RTOTick Q et sSeq Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ionHold m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

1 2

(sec)

(ms)

Cnt Num

192.168.5.82 Se1 pr oblem s in 12 00:01:15 24 in clud 2280ing 0issues 38 w it h Analy ze local and r em ot e access Et hern et net w or ks, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 10.1.1.2 14 00:33:05 44 2280 0 3 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing Se0 , encapsulat ion, and mor e

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh ootEt1 ing met h odology10 t o r00:34:23 eal- life rou t ing swit chin 192.168.5.34 25 and200 0 g35 env iron ment s r1#show ip eigrp interfaces Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I ntinterfaces er net w ork Trou in g 500 ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP IP-EIGRP forbleshoot process Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in gMean g ives y ou an edgTime e ov er tMulticast he com pet it ion Pending t hr ough r ealXmit Queue Pacing w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Interface Peers Un/Reliable SRTT Un/Reliable Flow Timer Routes CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g 0

Et0

0

0/0

0

0/10

0

0

Et1

1

0/0

25

0/10

108

0

Se1

1

0/0

24

10/380

380

0

Se0

1

0/0

44

10/380

556

0

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r1#show ip eigrp topology ? CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

AS Number

By Donna L. Har rington

A.B.C.D

Network to display information about

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

active Pub Dat e:

April 0 4, 20 03

Show only active entries

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

all-links

Show all links in topology table

pending

Show only entries pending transmission

summary

Show a summary of the topology table

Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for tShow he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble zero-successors only zero successor entries t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1#show ip eigrp topology active Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or IP-EIGRP Topology Table for process 500 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her The ntex t t wleshoot o com ing m ands ar an e vdery usef r oub t ools u t ilit iesul f or EI GRP t r oub leshoot in g. Tu rn t h em on an d n ot e t he out p ut ( as I d o in Ex am ple 3- 43) . To for ce some ch anges, I issued a no sh ut on r 1s1 t o see a neighb Diagn or chang ose and e. I br t r oublesh oug ht t hat oot act in t erf u alace pr oblem back up s by , t ur f ollow ned ing off talong h e neighb w it h or autchang h or- pes, r ovided an d t u r ned on t he neig Cathbor aly st (wr arn ) OS in gs. andThen CiscoI IwOS( entr )t oSof r 2t w t oarbeounce com m( shut and inp / noutsh , ou utt)put t he , and Et hern loggin et 0gint erf ace t o observ e t h e r esult s. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Exa m pl e 3 - 4 3 . EI GRP Loggin g Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config)#router eigrp 500 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1(config-router)#eigrp ? env iron ment s log-neighbor-changes Enable/Disable IP-EIGRP logging Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his neighbor ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP log-neighbor-warnings warnings Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of Enable/Disable pr act ical ex er cisesIP-EIGRP t h at g et y neighbor ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr1(config-router)#eigrp w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and log-neighbor-changes WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1(config-router)#end im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

... r1(config)#interface s1 r1(config-if)#shut 01:42:34: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 500: Neighbor 192.168.5.82 (Serial1) is • •

Table of Content s

down: interface down I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

01:42:36: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial1, changed state to By Donna L. Har rington

administratively down Pub lish er: Cisco Press

01:42:37: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

changed state to down Pages: 84 0

r1(config-if)#no shut 01:42:54: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up Hand s- on pr%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam on w itInterface h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 01:42:55: Line protocol Serial1, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. changed state to up Wit h t his b ook, you can: 01:42:56: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 500: Neighbor 192.168.5.82 (Serial1) is Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or up: new adjacency w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config-if)#exit Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config)#router eigrp I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing500 t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config-router)#no eigrp log-neighbor-changes Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r1(config-router)#eigrp Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Ciscolog-neighbor-warnings I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1(config-router)#exit " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sps1 ot n et w or k issu es r1(config)#interface Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1(config-if)#shut cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , IP-EIGRP encapsulat500: ion, and mor e 192.168.5.82 (Serial1) is 01:43:33: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: Neighbor App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g down: interface down env iron ment s 01:43:35: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial1, changed state to Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP administratively down Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal01:43:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. toTrdown CCNPchanged Pr act ical state St ud ies: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config-if)#no shut r2(config)#interface e0 r2(config-if)#shut r1 01:44:30: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 500: Neighbor 192.168.5.34 (Ethernet1) is • •

Table of Content s

down: holding time expired I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r2(config-if)#no shut By Donna L. Har rington

r1 01:44:55: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 500: Neighbor 192.168.5.34 (Ethernet1) is Pub lish er: Cisco Press

up: new Pub Dat e: Apriladjacency 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Look back t hr oug h t h e exam ples and com par e t he out pu t of som e of t he com m ands t o y our dr aw ing. There are st ill issues w it h EI GRP. Can y ou spot t hem ? Fix t hem and cont in ue on t o t he nex t Tr oub le Tick et . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket b ased I n t ern et g (nCI t opics. A sim sple pin g on t estCisco or looking atwtor hek rTr ououb t in gleshoot t ablesinfor etT) wor k 1 0. 0. 0. 0 should hav e t old you t h at EI GRP aut omat ically sum mar izes on t he classf ul bound ar y. On r1 and r 5, for ex amp le, you could Wit h10. t his b ook, see 1. 1. 0 bu tyou n otcan: 1 0. 2. 2. 0. r 3 and r 4 displayed 10 .2 .2 . 0, b ut n ot 1 0. 1. 1. 0. The f ix is in Ex am ple 3- 44, an d t he com man ds ar e r equir ed on r 1 and on r3 since t hey cr oss net w ork bou ndar ies. Test by display ing t he r out in g t able on r2 an d p ing t est ing f r om r out er t o rou t er , Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or alt hou gh a b et t er t est w ou ld b e fr om h ost a t o 10. 2. 2. 2 . w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl e 3 - 4 4 . EI GRP n o au t o- su m m ar y Fix

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r2#show ipose route Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 192.168.5.0/28 is subnetted, 6 subnets Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s D

C D

192.168.5.96 [90/40514560] via 192.168.5.66, 00:03:35, Serial0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [90/40514560] via 192.168.5.50, 00:03:35, Serial1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 192.168.5.64 is directly connected, Serial0 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

192.168.5.80 192.168.5.33, 00:03:36, Ethernet0 App ly a lay er ed t rou[90/40537600] blesh oot ing met hvia odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s C 192.168.5.32 is directly connected, Ethernet0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on C 192.168.5.48 isbleshoot directly Serial1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou in g ( connected, CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, D 192.168.5.16 192.168.5.33, Ethernet0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr[90/307200] oublesh oot in gvia g ives y ou an edg e ov00:03:36, er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. D 10.0.0.0/8 [90/40537600] via 192.168.5.33, 00:03:36, Ethernet0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config)#router eigrp 500 r1(config-router)#no auto-summary r1(config-router)#end r1#copy running-config startup-config •

Table of Content s

•r3(config)#router I ndex eigrp 500 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r3(config-router)#no auto-summary By Donna L. Har rington r3(config-router)#end Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r3#copy running-config startup-config I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r2>show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble D - EIGRP, O in - gOSPF, - OSPF inter area t icket s b ased on CiscoEX I n t-ernEIGRP et w or kexternal, Tr oub leshoot ( CI T) IA t opics. Wit h t hisN1 b ook, - OSPF you can: NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual ment level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default i - IS-IS, L1equip - IS-IS Est ablish a baselinestatic and docu ment yoour ysical and logical n et w or k U - per-user route, - ph ODR I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Gateway of last resort is not set t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

D

C D C C

192.168.5.0/28 is subnetted, subnets Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr6oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 192.168.5.96 [90/40514560] via 192.168.5.66, 00:00:50, Serial0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s [90/40514560] via 192.168.5.50, 00:00:50, Serial1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 192.168.5.64 is directly connected, Serial0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, 192.168.5.80 sp eed and du [90/40537600] plex , u t ilizat ionvia and 192.168.5.33, collisions, b andw00:00:50, idt h, CSMA/Ethernet0 CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 192.168.5.32 is directly connected, Ethernet0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 192.168.5.48 is directly connected, Serial1

Desig ned 192.168.5.16 for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r)via pr of192.168.5.33, essionals, t his ind00:00:50, isp en sab le Ethernet0 lab g uide b uilds on D [90/307200] Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam of pr act ical er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 10.0.0.0/24 is. Full subnetted, 2 ex subnets CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw ion of LAN and WAN t opvia ics. 192.168.5.66, 00:00:50, Serial0 D or ld ap plicat 10.2.2.0 [90/41024000] CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r192.168.5.50, ovides y ou w it h 00:00:50, p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e [90/41024000] via Serial1 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

D

10.1.1.0 [90/40537600] via 192.168.5.33, 00:00:51, Ethernet0

r2>

Not ice how t he 10of .1Content . 1. 0 and • Table s 10. 2. 2 .0 subn et s now d isp lay in t h e r out ing t ab le wit h a D in f ron t . Just as w it h t he pr ev iou s RI Pv 2 ex am ples, t he no au t o- sum m ar y com m and is crit ical in a • I ndex sit uat ion su ch as t his in ord er for CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ingEI GRP t o supp ort discont igu ous subn et s. EI GRP en ables you t o sum m arize m an ually on any bou ndar y an d int er f ace y ou so choose. By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Trouble Ticket 5 Solution Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

You should now b e able t o successf ully pin g an d t race b et w een all you r r out ers. Th at is g r eat , but Pages: 84 0 t he real g oal is host - t o- h ost , end- t o- en d conn ect iv it y. See w h et h er you can ping and t r acer t fr om host a t o h ost c and cap t ur e t h e result s. Of cour se, if you ar e like me, y ou m ay hav e for got t en t o chang e t he I P addr ess infor m at ion on y our host s. Obv iously t hat is a pr er equisit e t o t he r est of t his. Table 3 - 12 sh ows my host p aram et ers. I f y ou need m or e help w it h add resses, m asks, an d gat ew ay s, ex per iment a lit t le m or e her e by ch anging on e at t h e t im e and observ ing t he result s. Hand s- ond oes pr act iceefor oubleshoot inglt sexam an3dW Pr act ice mak pert he fectCCNP ! ComTr par e y our r esu t o m yw itouh tTCP/ put inI P,ExLAN, am ple 45AN an tdr ouble Figur e 3- 3 5. t ickett sakbeased n teern et wSniff or k er Tr oub leshoot g ( CI T) tem opics. Also t im eon t o Cisco ex amIin how displays EIin GRP. Rem ber t o sav e all y our con figur at ion files t o t he TFTP ser ver w it h t he r x - eig r p n ame for m at . Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Figu r e 3 - 3 5 . EI GRP an d Cli en t I n it ia liz a t ion Tr a ff i c w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k [ View full size im age]

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Tab le 3 -1 2 . Tr ou ble Ti ck et H ost Con f igu r at ion I P Ad dre ss

Su bne t M ask

Gat e w ay

25 5. 255 . 255. 2 40

19 2. 168 . 5. 17

19 2. 168 . 5. 19

25 5. 255 . 255. 2 40

19 2. 168 . 5. 17

19 2. 168 . 5. 98

25 5. 255 . 255. 2 40

19 2. 168 . 5. 97

• host a

2. 168s . 5. 18 Table of 19 Content

•

I ndex

host b

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

host c L. Har rington By Donna

Pub lish er: Cisco Press 03 oub le Ticke t 5 Pin g a nd Tr ace Ou t pu t ExaPub mDat ple:e April 3 - 40 4,5 20 . Tr I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

C:\>ping 192.168.5.98 Pinging 192.168.5.98 with 32 bytes of data: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Request timed t icket s b ased on out. Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Reply from 192.168.5.98: bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=126 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Reply from 192.168.5.98: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or hout 192.168.5.98: t h e act ual equip ment Replyw itfrom bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126 ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Ping Est statistics for 192.168.5.98: I dent if y t r oublesh t ar get s using g, t r=ace, sh ow ,loss), clear , debu g, an d ot her Packets: Sent = oot 4,ing Received = 3, pin Lost 1 (25% t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Minimum = 10ms, Maximum = 20ms, Average = 10ms Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s C:\>tracert 192.168.5.98 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Tracing route to HOSTC [192.168.5.98] Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h over cabling, a maximum ofand 30 du hops: sp eed plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 1 show version •

Table of Content s

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-IS-L), Version 12.0(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) By Donna L. Har rington

... Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 System restarted by power-on I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

System image Pages: 84 0 file is "flash:c2500-is-l.120-5.bin" cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision L) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory. ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Configuration register is 0x2102 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1>show flash Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or System flash w it hout t h edirectory: act ual equip ment File EstLength Name/status ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 1 I dent 7567500 c2500-is-l.120-5.bin t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies [7567564 bytes used, 9209652 available, 16777216 total] Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Catbytes aly st ( r )of OSprocessor and Cisco I board OS( r ) Sof t w ar e flash com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 16384K System (Read ONLY) Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, NO aut oTE negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e IApp n Ex ly amaple 7, It rou fir stblesh par toot it ioned t hehFlash in t ot oone par t itrou ion.t ing I exand it ed swit comchin pletgely ou t lay4er ed ing met odology r eallife of enable m ode just t o illust r at e t hat m any com m ands ar e av ailable f rom user mod e. env iron ment s For exam ple, show v er sion sh ows not only t he I OS v er sion, bu t also t he am ount of m em or y ing r ight fr omand u ser mE( odr)e. pr Likew ise, show f laind shisp d isp layslet hat MB bofuilds Flash DesigRAM ned for aspir CCNP CCI of essionals, t his en sab lab 1g6uide on m em or y is av ailable w it h about 9 MB f ree f r om user m ode. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. The I OS Upgr ade Plan ner is a v ery usef ul t ool her e. Select t h e Soft w ar e Cent er f r om Cisco.com tCCNP o locat t he I OS Upg radTr e oublesh Planneroot in in t he sect ion.wUnless I ical can'tinf f in t heion f eat u re my Preact ical St ud ies: g pTools r ovides y ou it h p ract ordmat on allI t need, he pr ce con is tcep o wtor k w titral h General enting ( GD) .2 CCNP is n ot cer GD t ificat at t heion, t iminclud e of t hinisg imefer por ten ant s cen t o t h e t rDeploym oubleshoot por code. t ion of12 t he

w r it in g; how ever , 12 .1 and 1 2. 0 are. You need som et hing t o su ppor t you r har dw ar e u sing at least I P and I PX as well as t o enable y ou t o ex per im ent w it h ot her t hing s in t he scen arios an d Tr ouble Tick et s t o com e. For t est ing p ur poses in t h is book , use En t erp rise Plus, if possible, t o include mor e f eat ur es. Alt h ough in a pr act ical env ir onm ent , you shou ld st and ard ize t he code you use; it is fine t o use d iffer ent ver sion s in t h e lab scenar ios and Tr ouble Tick et s in case t her e ar e m or e issues r elat ed t o t he v ersions y ou ar e using. Det er m ine t h e best r equir ement s for y our ow n lab and upg rad e t he har dw ar e and soft w ar e as r equir ed. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

NO TE

By Donna L. Har rington

The Feat ur ePress Nav igat or Pub lish er: Cisco

is v ery help fu l in det er m ining w het her a giv en f eat u re set or r elease lev el supp ort s a g iv en feat ur e. Search by f eat ur e or r elease. Go t o Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 w w w .cisco. com / cgi- bin/ Su ppor t / Feat ur eNav / FN. pl or sear ch f or " f eat u r e nav igat or " on I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Cisco.com t o exp lore t his t ool. Pages: 84 0

Figur e 4- 3 d isp lays t he I OS Upg rad e Planner . I t d isp lays t he RAM and Flash m emor y r eq uir em ent s p r ior t o d own load. Man y t im es it giv es you a lin k t o cr it ical issues ( such as t his one does sw it h pr t heact Must Read t o Simp le Net w or k Man agem t Pr ot ocol [ SNMP] lnerab ilit y Hand on ice for t helink CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it henTCP/ I P, LAN, an d Wvu AN t r ouble inf orms at t icket b ion) ased. on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Figu r e 4 - 3 . I O S Upg r ade Pl an ne r

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment [ yView our full ph size ysical and logical n et w or k im age] I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

12 .0 21a En t er pr ise Plus is GD. I t r equir es a m inim um of 6 MB RAM and 16 MB Flash as Figur e 43 sh ows. Assum ing y ou ar e logg ed in w it h you r CCO accou nt and hav e pr oper au t hor izat ion, dow n load t h e I OS n ow for use on r1 , r 2, an d r 5 . Next y ou shou ld u se a PC- b ased TFTP ser v er for you r r 1 I OS and config ur at ion b ack up . I u sed Pum pKin ( see Figur e 4- 4 ) , b ut any TFTP serv er is f in e. Alt houg h n ot n ecessar y , t his st ep is high ly r ecom m en ded an d is a good pr act ice. Cert ain ly , t h is w ould be an easier t ask if y our r out er s w er e st ill conf igur ed f r om t he en d of t h e I P chapt er , b ut it is best y ou k now h ow t o d o • Table of Content s t his st ar t ing f rom no con figur at ion at all. Follow along in Ex am ple 4- 8 t o set up t h e necessary • I ndex connect ivit y and I P add ress par am et er s t o per for m t h e backu p. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Figu r e 4 - 4 . r 1 I O S a nd Con fi gur a t i on Back up t o TFTP

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es NO TE local, yand r em use ot e access in ossov Et hern netcon w orsole ks, in clud w it h IAnaly f you ze p refer ou can j ust an pr Etoblem hern ets cr er etand cab le ing fr omissues t he TFTP cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew PC t o t h e r out er y ou are con figur ing at t he t im e. Rem emb er t o sav e you r soft w ar e ay lin k, aut o negot ion,araddr essing encapsulat ion,r eload and mor chang es so iat t hey e st ill in ef,fect w hen you t h e er out er . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa pl for e 4aspir - 8 . ing r 1 CCNP I O S and an dCCI Conf gur a t i on Backu t oenTFTP Desigm ned E( r) ipr of essionals, t his indpisp sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat r1#show flash ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e System flash directory: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

File 1

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c2500-is-l.120-5.bin

[7567564 bytes used, 821044 available, 8388608 total] 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) •

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r1#configure terminal

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(config)#interface ethernet 0 By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.17 255.255.255.240 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1(config-if)#no shut Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r1(config-if)#end Pages: 84 0

r1#copy running-config startup-config r1#ping 192.168.5.18 Hand on pr actsequence ice for t heto CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Type s-escape abort. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.18, timeout is 2 seconds: Wit h t his b ook, you can: .!!!! Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms w it hout t h e act ual equip ment !!!first copya baseline the old and IOSdocu to ment the tftp server Est ablish y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1#copy tftp oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I dentflash if y t r oublesh t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Source filename []? c2500-is-l.120-5.bin Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Address orstname Cat aly ( r ) OSof andremote Cisco I host OS( r ) []? Sof t w192.168.5.18 ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r ufilename ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Destination [c2500-is-l.120-5.bin]? " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o bytes negot iat ion, addr , encapsulat ion, and mor e 7567500 copied inessing 94.196 secs (80505 bytes/sec) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g !!!next copy the configuration file to the tftp server env iron ment s r1#copy running-config tftp Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.5.18 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDestination filename [running-config]? r1upgrd-config w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. !! CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

645 bytes copied in 5.544 secs (129 bytes/sec)

Now t h at y ou hav e pr epar ed t h e har dw ar e and m ade y our backu ps, up gr ade t h e I OS u sin g t h e copy t f t p f la sh com m and sim ilar t o Ex am ple 4- 9. Follow t he generic st eps in App en dix B t o up gr ade t h e Table I OS or u se Cisco.com t o r esear ch y our ex act r equir em ent s. Rem em ber t hat t he • of Content s Flash is r ead- only on a 2500 series r out er b ecause it is in f act a ru n- f rom - f lash dev ice. Use t he • I ndex confi g- re gist e r com m and t o ch ange t o t he boot h elp er mod e ( r xb oot m ode) so t hat y ou can CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing chang e t he Flash t o r ead/ w r it e so t hat t he rou t er is ready t o accep t t h e new I OS. Rem em ber t hat By Donna L.ode Har rington r xb oot m is an I P host im plem en t at ion and w ill not w or k w it hou t t h e ip d ef au lt - g at e w a y st at ement un less t h e TFTP ser v er is dir ect ly at t ached. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 NO TE

Alt hou gh I did not show t h e ex act com m ands, m y f irst couple of at t em pt s t o up gr ade r 1 failed . Aft er I replaced t he bad Flash m em ory , Ex am ple 4- 9 w or k ed f ine. Obv iously , t his is an issue y ou may not h ave, b ut perh aps y ou can lear n f r om m y t r oubles. Look Handup s- on any pr act sp ecific ice for er tr he or m CCNP essages Tr oubleshoot y ou r u n int ingo exam on Cisco.com w it h TCP/ t oI P, getLAN, mor an e com d Wfor ANt ab t r ouble le wit h t ickettsheb ased t ools on Cisco Cisco off er I ns. t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pluep 4 r 1 I along O S Upgr a dewforr om ve r t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Set an- d9 f.ollow w it h realld labTFTP scenarSe ios raligned w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config)#config-register 0x2101 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config)#end ... Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1#reload Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Proceed with reload? [confirm] " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 00:18:07: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, ... aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(boot)#copy tftp flash App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s System flash directory: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on File Cisco( r)Length I nt er net wName/status ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 1 Pr5726508 c2500-i-l.120-9 CCNP act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [5726572 bytes used, 11050644 available, 16777216 total] CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Address [255.255.255.255]? im por t ant or conname cep t s of cenremote t ral t o t hhost e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of 192.168.5.18 t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Source file name? c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin Destination file name [c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin]? Accessing file 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' on 192.168.5.18... Loading c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin from 192.168.5.18 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK] •

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•Erase flashI ndex device before writing? [confirm] CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Flash By Donna contains L. Har ringtonfiles. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm] Copy 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' from server Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

as 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no]y I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

eeeee ...erased Loading c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin from 192.168.5.18 (via Ethernet0): Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: ... [OK - 10253564/16777216 bytes] Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it houtchecksum... t h e act ual equip Verifying OKment (0xFA32) ablishtook a baseline and[hh:mm:ss] docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k FlashEstcopy 0:05:55 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1(boot)#show flash t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies System flash directory: Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g File Length Name/status Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 10253564 c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [10253628 bytes used, 6523588 available, 16777216 total] Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 16384K cabling, bytesspof eedprocessor and du plex board , u t ilizatSystem ion and flash collisions, (Read/Write) b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(boot)#configure terminal App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1(boot)(config)#config-register 0x2102 1

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1(boot)(config)#end Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1(boot)#reload CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ... CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr[confirm] oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Proceed with reload? im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

CAUTI ON Be car efTable ul w hofenContent y ou com e ou t of conf ig m ode fr om chang ing t he conf igur at ion r eg ist er s and issu e t he re l oa d com m and. I n b oot h elper ( r x boot ) m ode, it is im por t an t not t o • I ndex save t he conf igur at ion. I f ou sav e at t his p oin t , som e comm an ds m ay be lost becau se CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shootying t he boot st r ap sof t w are does not su ppor t t he f ull com m and set . •

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Not e h ow Pub Dat e:y ou Aprilw0er 4, e 20m 03ade t o con fir m m or e t han once t h at y ou r eally w ant ed t o er ase Flash. Whet h er y ou need o -0 erase d ep en ds on t he amou nt of Flash in st alled and how mu ch t h e I OS f ile I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0t 57 or an yPages: con figu rat ion f iles u se. A ch eck sum is p er for m ed at t h e en d of t he copy t o v er ify t he 84 0 up gr ade. Using a PC- based TFTP ser v er is not t he only m et hod av ailable for t his t ask . So t o get f am iliar w it h anot her m et hod , y ou shou ld set u p r 1 as a TFTP ser v er ser vin g t he I OS im age for r 2 and r 5 as in Ex am ple 4- 10. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Exa m pl e 4 - 1 0 . Set Up r 1 as a TFTP Se r ve r Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1(config)#tftp-server flash:c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config)#interface 1 Est ablish a baseline ethernet and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t192.168.5.33 ar get s using pin255.255.255.240 g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1(config-if)#ip address t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config-if)#no shut Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1(config-if)#end Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop startup-config ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#copy running-config " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Now taut h ato r negot 1 is config ur ed t oessing ser v e, up t he I OS ion, im age, r ade iat ion, addr encapsulat andupg mor e r 2 usin g r1 ov er t he com m on Et h er n et lin k as in Ex am ple 4- 11. Ver ify t h at t h e I OS is in Flash. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa m pl e 4 - 1 1 . r 2 I OS Up gr ad e fr om r 1 as a TFTP Se r ve r Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trethernet oublesh oot0in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2(config)#interface w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.34 255.255.255.240 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2(config-if)#no shut r2(config-if)#end ... r2#copy running-config startup-config •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r2#copy tftp flash By Donna L. Har rington

****

NOTICE

****

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Flash load helper Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03v1.0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

This process will accept the copy options and then terminate Pages: 84 0

the current system image to use the ROM based image for the copy. Routing functionality will not be available during that time. Hand s- onare pr act ice for in t hevia CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam w it hwill TCP/ Iterminate. P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble If you logged telnet, this ing connection t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Users with console access can see the results of the copy operation. Wit h t his b ook, you can: ---- ******** ---Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Proceed? [confirm] w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Address or name of remote host []?y our 192.168.5.33 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment ph ysical and logical n et w or k Source filename []? oot c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin I dent if y t r oublesh ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Destination filename [c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin]? Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Accessing tftp://192.168.5.33/c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin... Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob[confirm] lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s EraseUse flash: before copying? " Snif f" %SYS-5-RELOAD: t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 01:10:07: Reload requested Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s inversion Et hern et 12.0 net w or ks, not in clud issues w it h %SYS-4-CONFIG_NEWER: Configurations from may beingcorrectly cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e understood. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g %FLH: c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin from 192.168.5.33 to flash ... env iron ment s System flash directory: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP File Length Name/status Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal1 7567500 c2500-is-l.120-5.bin w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [7567564 used, available, 16777216 CCNP Pr actbytes ical St ud ies: Tr9209652 oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h total] p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Accessing file 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' on 192.168.5.33... Loading c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin from 192.168.5.33 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK] Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeee ...erased •

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Loading c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin from 192.168.5.33 (via Ethernet0): CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

By Donna L. Har rington

... Pub lish er: Cisco Press

[OKPub - Dat 10253564/16777216 bytes] e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Verifying checksum... Pages: 84 0

OK (0xFA32)

Flash copy took 0:05:03 [hh:mm:ss] %FLH: Re-booting system after download Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble F3: 10029384+224148+563164 atoubleshoot 0x3000060 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Restricted Rights Legend Wit h t his b ook, you can: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is ...

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

CiscoEstInternetwork Operating System Software ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k IOS (tm) Software (C2500-JS-L), Version SOFTWARE I dent if2500 y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace,12.0(21a), sh ow , clear ,RELEASE debu g, an d ot her (fc1) t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ... Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ciscoCat 2500 bytes of gmemory. aly st(68030) ( r ) OS andprocessor Cisco I OS((revision r ) Sof t w ar e D) comwith m and16384K/2048K inp ut , ou t put , and loggin ... Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he of w ir processor e t o sp ot n etboard w or k issu es 16384K bytes System flash (Read ONLY) ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o flash negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2>show App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g System flash directory: env iron ment s File Length Name/status Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 1 10253564 /c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal[10253628 bytes used, 6523588 available, 16777216 total] w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 16384K bytes ofudprocessor board flash ONLY) CCNP Pr act ical St ies: Tr oublesh oot in System g p r ovides y ou (Read w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Ex am ple 4- 11 sh ows how Flash load helper w as inv ok ed t o cop y t he im age, w h ich included t he app rop riat e con figu rat ion r egist er an d reboot r eq uir em ent s. Th e new I OS file is now in Flash . App en dix B of fer s m or e infor m at ion on rou t er boot up an d conf igur at ion r eg ist er p aram et ers. Pr ep ar e r5 f or I PX by upg rad ing t he I OS using r1 as a TFTP ser v er ov er t he 64 k bps ser ial link as 12. Per for m t sh e upg r ade f rom boot h elp er ( rx boot ) m ode. •in Ex am ple 4-Table of Content •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Exa m pl e 4rington - 1 2 . Pr ep ar i ng r 1 an d r 5 f or t he Up gr ad e By Donna L. Har Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r1(config)#interface serial 0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 r1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

r1(config-if)#no shut r1(config-if)#end Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1#copy running-config t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ernstartup-config et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: serial 0 r5(config)#interface r5(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r5(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 Est ablish a baseline r5(config-if)#no shut and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r5(config-if)#exit t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5(config)#config-register Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot 0x2101 act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r5(config)#exit Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5#reload " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: y Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ... cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( I nt er w ork Trou g ( CIr at T)es t op ics tthat p r ep t hemod CCNP The shr)aded ounet t put in Ex ambleshoot ple 4- 12inillust how o chan geare r 5 yt ou o r xfor boot e so t hat t h e Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Flash is r ead/ w r it e. Now you can cop y t he new I OS f r om r 1 t o r 5 as in Ex am ple 4- 13. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Exa 4 - St 1 3ud. ies: r 5 Tr I OS Up gr om ry1ouas ve r ion on all t h e CCNPmPrpl acteical oublesh ootad in g ep rfr ovides w it a h pTFTP ract icalSe infror mat im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5(boot)>enable r5(boot)#copy tftp flash System flash directory: • File •

Table of Content s Length Name/status I ndex

CCNP 1 P ra7567500 cti cal St udi es: c2500-is-l.120-5.bin Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

[7567564 bytes used, 9209652 available, 16777216 total] Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]?10.1.1.1 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 1- 58name? 720 -0 57 -0 SourceI SBN: file c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin Pages: 84 0

Destination file name [c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin]? Accessing file 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' on 10.1.1.1... Loading from 10.1.1.1 Serial0): [OK] Hand s- on c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam (via w it h TCP/ I P, LAN,! an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] Wit h t his b ook, you can: Flash contains files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm] u p an d f ollow along w it h realw orserver ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Copy Set 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' from w it hout t h e act ual equip ment as 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no]y Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies eeeeeeee ...erased Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Loading c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Serial0): Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ... " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [OK -Analy 10253564/16777216 ze local and r em otbytes] e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Verifying checksum... OK (0xFA32) aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e FlashApp copy 0:28:32 [hh:mm:ss] ly a took lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5(boot)#configure terminal Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( 0x2102 CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5(boot)(config)#config-register Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5(boot)(config)#end w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r5(boot)#reload CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o tbeen h e t r oubleshoot por t ion of t he CCNP System configuration has modified.ing Save? [yes/no]: n cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Warning: Attempting to overwrite an NVRAM configuration written by a full system image. This bootstrap software does not support the full configuration command set. If you write memory now, some configuration commands may be lost. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna Internetwork L. Har rington Cisco Operating System Software

IOSPub (tm) Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(21a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) lish er: 2500 Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

...

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

cisco 2516 (68030) processor (revision J) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory. Processor board ID 02959130, with hardware revision 00000000 ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b bytes ased onof Cisco I n t ern et wboard or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 16384K processor System flash (Read ONLY) Wit h t his b ook, to you get can:started! Press RETURN Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The r 5Est I OS Flash cop y t ook 28docu m inut es 3y2our seconds t o com e, wh ichw or is kqu it e a b it of t im e ablish a baseline and ment ph ysical and plet logical n et dif fer en ce b et ween t his 64 k link and t h e 10- MB Et hern et fr om t he pr eviou s exam ple. As w it h any t hin g else, e is noot orm ally . The pin fastg, ert rband t h ,isclear t he ,bdebu et t er g, d ow met h od if in I dent if y t rmor oublesh ing t arbet gettserusing ace, wshidow annload d ot her fact you h ave a choice. Not an e tdheu tshad ed m essage about t he NVRAM ov erw r it e t hat I p rev iously t r oub leshoot ing t ools ilit ies w ar ned y ou abou t if y ou sav e w hile in rx boot m ode. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

NO TE " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es I h ad y ou use dif fer en t m et hods t o u pgr ade t he I OS on y our rou t er s j ust so you w ould Analy ze local andw itr em access s inHow Et hern netof w or it h becom e fam iliar h t hoteedif fer en tprmoblem et hods. ev eret, all m ks, y min etclud hod ing s invissues olv ed wt he cabling, andlocal du plex iony and b andw CSMA/ CD, w ay lin k, TFTP servsp ereed being t o t, huet ilizat dev ice ou wcollisions, er e copy ing t o. I fidt t hh, e TFTP ser v eron ise-not autect o ly negot iatect ion, dir conn ed,addr youessing need ,t oencapsulat conf igur eion, t h e and ip d mor ef auelt - g at e w a y st at em ent on y our r out er s. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desigtned for yaspir ing t CCNP CCI E( r) leprand of essionals, t his ind lab ov g uide Now h at all our rou ers areand I PXcapab m ore, conf igur e isp t h eenr sab est .leRem e anyb uilds I P on Cisco( r) at I nt er net Trou in g (urCIeT) t opeics hat p p rassw ep areoryd, ouefor t he conf ig ur ion on w t hork e r out er bleshoot s and config I PX; nat ble na bl e CCNP secre t , an d t elnet Tr oubleshoot . sFull cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, passw ord s oning all exam r out er as of in pr Exact amical ple ex 4- er 14. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porNO t antTE con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Pr oper plann ing w ould cer t ainly hav e elimin at ed t h e I OS up gr ade in t he mid st of t r yin g t o con figu re I PX. This goes back t o m et h odology an d kn owin g y our requ irem en t s up fr on t . I t is cr it ical for y ou t o k eep t h at in m ind for p r act ical ap plicat ion .

Exa m pl e 4Table - 1 4of. Content r 1 I PX Con f igu r at ion • s •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config)#line console 0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press r1(config-line)#logging synchronous Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r1(config-line)#exit I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r1(config)#enable password donna r1(config)#enable secret donna The enable secret you have chosen is the same as your enable password. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. This is not recommended. Re-enter the enable secret. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config)#line vty 0 4 r1(config-line)#login Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config-line)#password donna Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config-line)#exit I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config)#ipx routing Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u0al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r1(config)#interface ethernet Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1(config-if)#description r1e0 to hosta and hostb Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1(config-if)#ipx network 0516 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1(config-if)#no ip address Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r1(config-if)#no shut aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config-if)#interface ethernet 1 h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met env iron ment s r1(config-if)#description r1e1 to r2e0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1(config-if)#ipx 532 in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork network Trou bleshoot Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1(config-if)#no ip Tr address CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-if)#no shut CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1(config-if)#interface 1 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t oserial t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config-if)#description r1s1 to r3s0/0 r1(config-if)#ipx network 580 r1(config-if)#no ip address r1(config-if)#bandwidth 64 •

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•r1(config-if)#no I ndex shut CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(config-if)#interface serial 0 By Donna L. Har rington r1(config-if)#description r1s0 to r5s0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r1(config-if)#ipx network 1011 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 r1(config-if)#bandwidth 64

r1(config-if)#no ip address r1(config-if)#no shut Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1(config-if)#end t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his brunning-config r1#copy ook, you can: startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment On r 1, I put in t he e na ble p assw or d an d e na ble se cr et p assw or d. Th e I OS r ecomm ended I Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k didn 't m ake t hem t he sam e p assw or d b ecause of secu r it y , b ut it t ook t he passw ord an yw ay . The show r unni ng- confi g com m and in Ex am ple 4- 15 sh ows t he enab le passw or d in clear t ext , so it I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her is pr et t y easy t o g uess t he enab le secret in t h is ex am ple. Verif y t his an d t he ot h er I PX- specific t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies par am et er s as in Ex am ple 4- 15. Not ice how t he I OS put s a 5 befor e t he enable secr et p assw or d for t he MD5t y pe of t encr y pt ion. Diagn ose and r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

NO TE " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Most e na ble se cr et ord w hw enortks, h e in com m ing and issues is act ually Analypeople ze localinsist and on r emt yp ot eing access pr oblem s inpaEtssw hern et net clud w it h ju st e na ble se cr et . A good guess f or t he e na ble se cr et pa ssw ord is sp acebar cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, passw ord oriatsp acebar sp acebarion, or som com aut o negot ion, addr passw essingord , encapsulat and emor e binat ion of t h at f ollow ed by t h e w or d t he per son t h ink s is t he p assw or d. I f y ou are not su ch a good guesser , Cisco has gr eatly daocu ion blesh on p assw or dmet r ecover y at t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App laymeren edt att rou oot ing h odology wenv w wiron .cisco. com ment s / w arp / pu blic/ 4 74/ in dex. sht m l. Check ou t t h is w eb sit e, Cisco.com , an d App en dix B f or m or e det ail. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP acteical oublesh ootCon in g gfiives Exa mPrpl 4 - St 1 5ud. ies: r 1 Tr Ru n nin g gury ou a t ian onedg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: version 12.0 •

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service timestamps debug uptime CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

service timestamps log uptime By Donna L. Har rington

no service password-encryption Pub lish er: Cisco Press

hostname Pub Dat e: r1 April 0 4,

20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

enable secret 5 $1$m0s2$Pq/6.NpOCSzhbQlNy.cnG/ Pages: 84 0

enable password donna ip subnet-zero Hand s- on pr act0000.0c8d.6705 ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ipx routing t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. interface Ethernet0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: description r1e0 to hosta and hostb Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or no ip address w it hout t h e act ual equip ment no ip directed-broadcast Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k no ip route-cache I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies no ip mroute-cache Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ipx network Cat aly st ( r516 ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in stEthernet1 r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s interface " Snif f" t he r1e1 w ir e tto o spr2e0 ot n et w or k issu es description Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h no ip address cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut directed-broadcast o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e no ip App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g no ip route-cache env iron ment s no ip mroute-cache Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ipx network 532 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealinterface Serial0 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. description r1s0 toTrr5s0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

bandwidth 64 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast no ip route-cache • •

Table of Content s

no ip mroute-cache I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

ipx network 1011 By Donna L. Har rington

interface Serial1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

description Pub Dat e: April 0r1s1 4, 20 03to r3s0/0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

bandwidth 64 Pages: 84 0

no ip address no ip directed-broadcast Hand s- onroute-cache pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble no ip t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. no ip mroute-cache Wit h t his b ook, you can: ipx network 580 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ip classless w it hout t h e act ual equip ment tftp-server Est ablish flash:c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k line I con dent if0y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies logging synchronous Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided transport noneCisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly st input ( r ) OS and line Use auxin0st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e all t o sp ot n et w or k issu es transport input ze 4local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h line Analy vty 0 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e password donna App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g login env iron ment s end Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Not ice t hat bot h t he e na ble p assw or d an d e na ble se cr et p assw or ds ar e in t he con figu rat ion . When Pr t he na ble anies: d e Tr naoublesh ble se cr etinpgassw or ds ar e conf ed,ical t h einf e na ble ion se cr alw CCNP acteical St ud oot p r ovides y ou w it higur p ract or mat onetall t hay es t akpor es tpr ecedence. ree ttoo t m t he e na ble d et ion na ble et p assw or ds ion, d iff er ent in g im ant con cep t sFeel cen tf ral h eake t r oubleshoot inganpor of tse hecrCCNP cer t ificat includ

som et im e t o pr ove t hat t heor y. I n a pr act ical sense, ju st use e na ble se cr et . Look at t h e sh aded I PX r out ing line. Ther e is a n um ber aft er it t hat y ou d id n ot conf igur e. I f you w ere t o issu e t he show i px i nt e rfa ce et her ne t 0 com m and, you w ould see t he I PX ad dr ess as 51 6. 000 0. 0c8d .6 705 . Becau se y ou did not specif y t he op t ional n ode par am et er w hen y ou conf ig ur ed I PX r ou t in g, t he r out er conf ig ur ed it for you . I t bor r ow ed t h e fir st av ailable Et h er n et MAC add ress for t his pu r pose. Duplicat ion is not a pr oblem h er e because t he ex t er nal n et w or k nu mb er ( w ir e n um ber ) dif fer s for each link . Because Nov ell uses a MAC add r ess f or t he n ode, • Table of Content s y ou m u st eit her configu r e it or accept t he def ault f or y our serial in t erf aces. Alt hou gh y ou m ay • I ndex not see t he r elev ance of config ur in g you r ow n node ad dr ess f or t he ser ial link s now , it is best CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing pr act ice t o d o so ( as you w ill exp er im en t w it h in t he Tr oub le Tick et s) . Com par e t he I PX net w or k By Hart he rington nuDonna mb er sL. in con figu rat ion again st Figur e 4- 1 t o see t hat t he leading 0s are su ppr essed. Not ice also t hat r 1 is st ill conf igur ed as a TFTP ser ver f or t he I OS im age. Now conf ig ur e r 2 per Figur elish 4-er: 1 as in Press Ex am ple 4- 16. Pub Cisco Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE Becau se you ar e fam iliar w it h host nam es, passw or ds, logg ing sy nch ron ous, and such, I am on ly sh ow in g t he I PX g lob al and int er face conf igur at ions for t h e r est of t he r out er s. a ban dw idt h CCNP of 64 kTrbps and clock e of 6w400 u nless specifically ment ed HandAssu s- on mpreact ice for t he oubleshoot ingr at exam it h 0TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ion ouble somon et hCisco ing else. t ickettso bbe ased I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pl e 4 - 1 6 . r 2 I PX Con f igu r at ion Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2(config)#ipx routing I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r2(config)#interface 0 t r oub leshoot ing t oolsethernet an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh ootr2e0 act u al oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r2(config-if)#description toprr1e1 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2(config-if)#ipx network 532 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2(config-if)#no ip address " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2(config-if)#no shut Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r2(config-if)#interface serial 1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2(config-if)#description r2s1 to r3s0/2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r2(config-if)#ipx network 548 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r2(config-if)#no address Cisco( r) I nt er net w orkipTrou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r2(config-if)#bandwidth 64 oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2(config-if)#no shut CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r2(config-if)#interface 0 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t oserial t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2(config-if)#description r2s0 to r3s0/1 r2(config-if)#ipx network 564 r2(config-if)#no ip address r2(config-if)#bandwidth 64 •

Table of Content s

• I ndex r2(config-if)#no shut CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r2(config-if)#end By Donna L. Har rington r2#copy running-config startup-config Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Now conf igur e r 3 per Figur e 4- 1 as in Ex am ple 4- 17.

Exa m pl e 4 - 1 7 . r 3 I PX Con f igu r at ion Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:routing r3(config-line)#ipx r3(config)#interface serial 0/0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r3(config-if)#description r3s0/0 to r1s1 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r3(config-if)#ipx network 580 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r3(config-if)#no address t r oub leshoot ingip t ools an d u t ilit ies r3(config-if)#bandwidth Diagn ose and t r oublesh 64 oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r3(config-if)#no shut " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r3(config-if)#interface serial 0/1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex ,r3s0/1 u t ilizat ion r3(config-if)#description to and r2s0collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r3(config-if)#ipx network 564 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r3(config-if)#no ip address CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r3(config-if)#no shut CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r3(config-if)#interface 0/2 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t oserial t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r3(config-if)#description r3s0/2 to r2s1 r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64 r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 r3(config-if)#ipx network 548 •

Table of Content s

r3(config-if)#no ip address • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r3(config-if)#no shut By Donna L. Har rington

r3(config-if)#interface serial 0/3 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 r3(config-if)#description r3s0/3 to r4s0/0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Pages: 84 0 r3(config-if)#ipx network 1022 r3(config-if)#no ip address Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r3(config-if)#no shut t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r3(config-if)#interface fastethernet 2/0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r3(config-if)#description r3fa2/0 to hostc Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r3(config-if)#ipx network 596 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r3(config-if)#no ip address I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r3(config-if)#no shut t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r3(config-if)#end Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r3#copy running-config startup-config Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Now conf igur r 4 per as in Ex am ples4Analy ze elocal andFigur r emeot4e 1access pr oblem in18. Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Exa m pl e 4 - 1 8 . r 4 I PX Con f igu r at ion App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir routing ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r4(config)#ipx Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r4(config)#interface serial 0/0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r4(config-if)#description r4s0/0 to r3s0/3 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r4(config-if)#ipx network 1022 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r4(config-if)#no ip address r4(config-if)#bandwidth 64 r4(config-if)#clock rate 64000 r4(config-if)#no shut •

Table of Content s

r4(config-if)#end • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r4#copy running-config startup-config By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Now conf igur e r720 5 per Figur e 4- 1 as in Ex am ple 4- 19. I SBN: 1- 58 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 4 - 1 9 . r 5 I PX Con f igu r at ion

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r5(config)#ipx routing t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r5(config)#interface Wit h t his b ook, you can: serial 0 r5(config-if)#description r5s0 to r1s0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip64 ment r5(config-if)#bandwidth Est ablish a baselinerate and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r5(config-if)#clock 64000 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r5(config-if)#ipx network 1011 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5(config-if)#no ip address Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r5(config-if)#no shut Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5(config-if)#end " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r5#copy running-config startup-config Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e a lay er ed t rou t o rueallifeam rou and chin Now tApp h at lyI PX is con figu redblesh on toot he ing r outmet er s hinodology you r lab, se Ex plet ing 4- 20 asswit a gu idegt o t est ment s5 . Com par e t h e out p ut t o y our I PX scenar io dr aw ing t o sp ot an y issues and t o r out erenv s 1iron t hr ough docum ent t he n et w or k . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot of ipr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Exa m pl e 4ing - 2 exam 0 . r 1. Full Test ng CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1>show interface im por t ant ipx con cep t s cen t ralbrief t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Interface

IPX Network Encapsulation Status

IPX State

Ethernet0

516

NOVELL-ETHER

up

[up]

Ethernet1

532

NOVELL-ETHER

up

[up]

1011

HDLC

up

[up]

HDLC

up

[up]

Serial0 •

Table of Content s

Serial1 •

I ndex

580

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1#show ipx route By Donna L. Har rington

Codes: C - Connected primary network,

c - Connected secondary network

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat 0 4, 20 03 Se: -April Static,

F - Floating static, L - Local (internal), W - IPXWAN

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

R -84RIP, Pages: 0

E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A - Aggregate

s - seconds, u - uses, U - Per-user static 7 Total IPX routes. Up to 1 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble No default route known. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. C 516 (NOVELL-ETHER), Wit h t his b ook, you can: C

Et0

C

532 (NOVELL-ETHER), Et1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 580 w it hout t h e(HDLC), act ual equip ment Se1

C

Est ablish baseline and docu ment 1011 a(HDLC), Se0 y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

R

I dent if548 y t r oublesh ootvia ing t ar get s532.0000.0c38.a05d, using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear [02/01] 45s,, debu Et1 g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 564 [02/01] via 532.0000.0c38.a05d, 45s, Et1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r )[07/01] OS and Cisco ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut45s, , ou t put , and loggin g 1022 via I OS( r 580.00b0.6481.e300, Se1

R R

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#show ipx servers " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1#show protocols Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Global values: cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Internet Protocol routing is enabled App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g IPXenv routing iron mentis s enabled Ethernet0 up, protocol upof essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned foris aspir ingline CCNP and CCI E(is r) pr Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP IPX address is 516.0000.0c8d.6705 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealEthernet1 ision up, lineand protocol w or ld ap plicat of LAN WAN t opis ics.up CCNP act ical Stis ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e IPX Praddress 532.0000.0c8d.6706 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0 is up, line protocol is up IPX address is 1011.0000.0c8d.6705 Serial1 is up, line protocol is up IPX address is 580.0000.0c8d.6705 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna Har rington The I OSL.comm an ds

used in Ex am ple 4- 20 p r ove q uit e helpf ul f or spot t in g Nov ell issues. You hav e been using show i px i nt e rfa ce br ie f t hr ough out t his chapt er t o get a basic idea of t he net w Pub orlish ks,er:encapsu Cisco Press lat ion t y pes, and st at us t hereof . The n ex t com m and , show i px rou t e, is ext rPub emDat elye:hApril elp ful. For 0 4, 20 03 in st an ce, coun t t h e w ires on y our Figur e 4- 1 d iagr am . I count eight w ir es, bu t on ly see1-seven I SBN: 58 720 -0net 57 -0w ork s on t h e rou t er display . Look ing at t he show i px rou t e d isp lay and m y dr Pages: aw ing84helps m e t o det erm ine t hat t he m issing net w or k is 59 6. Rout er 2 is a lit t le closer t o 0 t he dest in at ion n et w or k . I nv est ig at e w het her it can see net w ork 5 96 ( as in Ex am ple 4- 21) . No I PX serv ers are list ed yet , an d t he out put of show pr ot ocols is ex t r em ely helpf ul t o infor m y ou t hat I PX r out in g is in f act on, b ut bet t er y et , all you r nod e addr esses ar e in one p lace. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Exa m pl e 4 - 2 1 . r 2 Test i ng t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2#show ipx route Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ... w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baselineUpand ment y ourpaths ph ysical and et w or k 7 Total IPX routes. todocu 1 parallel and 16logical hops nallowed. I dent if y route t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her No default known. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies C 532 (NOVELL-ETHER), Et0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly548 st ( r )(HDLC), OS and Cisco I OS( r )Se1 Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g C C

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 564 (HDLC), Se0

R

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 516 [02/01] via 532.0000.0c8d.6706,

R R R

0s, Et0

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 580sp[02/01] via 532.0000.0c8d.6706, cabling, eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw0s, idt h,Et0 CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 1011 [02/01] via 532.0000.0c8d.6706, 0s, Et0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 1022 [07/01] via 564.00b0.6481.e300, 45s, Se0 env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP The p rPr oblem act ical st ill St ud ex ist ies:s, Tr foroublesh r 2 does ootnot in g see g ives anyy ou m or ane edg net we ork ov er s t ht he an com r1 does. pet it ion Because t hr ough t her ealw or m issing ld apnet plicat w orion k isofoff LAN of and r 3, mWAN ove yt op ourics. t est ing closer t o t he pr oblem ( as I d o in Ex am ple 4- 22) . A lay ered t r oubleshoot ing app roach is crit ical h er e, because t he real p rob lem in m y lab is a loose CCNP Pr act oublesh ootisolat in g pes r ovides y ou w 6. it h Pull p ract ical inf or mat ion on cable on r 3 ical f a2/St 0 ,ud wies: hichTr com plet ely net w or k 59 you r cable or com pletall elyt hpeow er im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ off h ost c t o sim ulat e t h e issue. Assum ing y ou d on't hav e a lot of net w or k act ivit y , y ou m igin htg also

fin d it helpf ul t o t ur n on de bug i px r ou t in g e v en t s t o w at ch wh at is h appenin g w it h t he rou t ing up dat es.

Exa m pl e 4 - 2 2 . r 3 Test i ng •

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r3#show interfaces fastethernet 2/0 • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

FastEthernet2/0 is up, line protocol is down By Donna L. Har rington

Hardware is AmdFE, address is 00b0.6481.e300 (bia 00b0.6481.e300) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

...Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r3#debug Pages: ipx 84 0 routing ? activity

IPX RIP routing activity

events

IPX RIP routing events

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r3#debug ipx routing events t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. IPX debugging is on Wit h routing t his b ook,events you can: r3#!!!plug in the cable and/or turn hostc on Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 03:48:35: 548 FFFFFFFF not added, entry in table is static/ w it houtIPXRIP: t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k connected/internal I dent if yIPXRIP: t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s not usingadded, pin g, t rentry ace, shin ow ,table clear , debu g, an d ot her 03:48:35: 564 FFFFFFFF is static/ t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies connected/internal Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e to com580.ffff.ffff.ffff m and inp ut , ou t put , and 03:48:36: IPXRIP: positing full update vialoggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Serial0/0 (broadcast) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 03:48:47: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet2/0, Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h changed state to du upplex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed and aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 03:48:47: IPXRIP: Marking network 596 FFFFFFFF for Flash Update App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 03:48:47: env ironIPXRIP: ment s General Query src=596.00b0.6481.e300, dst=596.ffff.ffff.ffff, sent ing (via FastEthernet2/0) Desigpacket ned for aspir CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 03:48:47: update 580.ffff.ffff.ffff via Tr oubleshootIPXRIP: ing exampositing . Full of pr flash act ical ex er cisesto t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldSerial0/0 ap plicat ion(broadcast) of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oubleshflash oot in gupdate p r ovides w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 03:48:47: IPXRIP: positing toy ou 564.ffff.ffff.ffff via im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0/1 (broadcast) 03:48:47: IPXRIP: positing flash update to 548.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial0/2 (broadcast) 03:48:47: IPXRIP: positing flash update to 1022.ffff.ffff.ffff via •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

03:48:47: IPXRIP: positing flash update to 596.ffff.ffff.ffff via By Donna L. Har rington

FastEthernet2/0 (broadcast) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

03:48:47: IPXRIP: Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03positing full update to 596.ffff.ffff.ffff via I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

FastEthernet2/0 (broadcast) Pages: 84 0

03:48:47: IPXRIP: suppressing null update to 596.ffff.ffff.ffff (FastEthernet2/0) Hand s- on prIPXRIP: act ice for 596 t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w itin h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 03:48:47: FFFFFFFF not added, entry table is static/ t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. connected/internal Wit h t his b ook, you can: ... Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r3#undebug all w it hout t h e act ual equip ment All possible has been turned Est ablish adebugging baseline and docu ment y our phoff ysical and logical n et w or k r3#show I dentipx if y t route r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ... Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 8 Total IPX to I 1 parallel and Cat aly st ( rroutes. ) OS and Up Cisco OS( r ) Sof t w arpaths e com m and16 inphops ut , ouallowed. t put , and loggin g Use in st rroute u ct or - dknown. ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s No default C

" Snif f"548 t he (HDLC), w ir e t o sp ot n et w or kSe0/2 issu es

C

Analy 564 ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h (HDLC), Se0/1 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 580 (HDLC), Se0/0

C C

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 596 (NOVELL-ETHER), Fa2/0 env iron ment s

C 1022 (HDLC), Se0/3 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP R 516 [07/01] via 580.0000.0c8d.6705, 25s, Se0/0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealR 532 [07/01] via 564.0000.0c38.a05d, 56s, Se0/1 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. R 1011 [07/01] 25s, Se0/0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trvia oublesh oot580.0000.0c8d.6705, in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r3#

When y ou f ixed t he issue, a Flash upd at e w as im mediat ely sen t t o up dat e t h e rou t ing t ables. Net w ork 596 now displays, so con t inue t est ing and t r oub leshoot ing r 4 and r 5. •

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All eight net w or ks are p r esent in r 1 t hr oug h r 5, but w hen did you t u rn on RI P? Act u ally y ou • I ndex nev er t ur ned on I PX RI P; it com es aut om at ic w it h I PX. This w as definit ely not t he case in t he CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Ch apt er 3 w it h I P RI P. By Donna L. Har rington

This is a gr eat t im e t o fu rt h er docum ent y our scenar io d raw ing . As y ou can t ell f rom t he pr ev iou s exam pr ot ocols is gr eat for addr ess docum en t at ion. I oft en log t his t y pe of dat a t o a Pubples, lish er:show Cisco Press log Pub file Dat w ite:hApril Secur eCRT. I ju st choose Log Session fr om t h e File m enu, t ur n it of f w hen I hav e 0 4, 20 03 capt ur ed t he ap pr opr iat e dat a, and r en ame t he Secu r eCRT session file. Alt er n at iv ely, you can I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 use t h e Hyp er Ter m Tr ansfer m enu t o capt u r e t ex t . For m or e I PX- r elat ed comm an ds and 0 inf ormPages: at ion,84fam iliarize y our self w it h show t e ch- sup port in an I PX env iron m en t ( as I do in Ex am ple 4- 23) . Because y ou ar e f am iliar w it h m any of t h e indiv idual com m and s, mu ch of t h e out p ut is om it t ed .

Hand s- on act t he CCNP Tr -oubleshoot it h En TCP/ LAN, ean Exa m pl epr 4 - 2ice 3 .forshow t e ch su ppor ting i nexam an I wPX viI P, r onm ntd W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1#show tech-support Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ----------------------------------w it hout t h e act ualshow equipversion ment -----------------show Est ablish a baseline andrunning-config docu ment y our ph-----------------ysical and logical n et w or k -----------------I dent if y t r oublesh show oot ingcontrollers t ar get s using -----------------pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ------------------ show stacks -----------------Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS andshow Ciscointerfaces I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ----------------------------------Use in st r u ct or - d evshow elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s -----------------region -----------------" Snif f" t he w ir e t oshow sp ot nprocess et w or k issu es -----------------memory -----------------Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ------------------ show process cpu -----------------cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ------------------ show buffers -----------------App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Now t her is net chapt er 'sTrou I PXbleshoot lab sceninario is T) config ur ed f rom t he p oin t of v iew, t ur n you r Cisco(t hr)atI nt w ork g ( CI t op ics t hat p r ep arer out y ouerfor t he CCNP at t ent ion t o t he f ollow ing sect ion , " Pr ot ocols and Pack et s. " I t st art s w it h a layer ed ap oach to Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges onprt he j ob, tCCNP he Novell NOS t o r eview I PX concept s, sy m pt om s, pr oblems, an d act ion plan s. There ar e m or Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal- e w alkt hr ough scenof arios d pWAN r act ical oub le Tick et s for you t o ex plor e, because, aft er all, y ou w or ld ap plicat ion LANan and t opTr ics. learn m or e by d oin g; besid es y ou need t o config ur e y our Nov ell ser ver an d client s. For t hose w ho doPrnact ot ical h ave eq uipm ent h andyoot orint ghep dr ovides esir e t oy ou w orwkitwh itphract Nov ell inf anor ymmat or e, cont CCNP St ud ies: Tr oublesh ical ionI w onillall t h inu e e to include man y cep r elevan t ftigur p les soing t hat , tof oo,t he canCCNP sh ootcer t r tou bleion, w it hinclud I PX. in g im por t ant con t s cen ral tes o tand h e t exam r oubleshoot poryou t ion ificat

How ev er , y ou w ill f ind t hat I am a fir m believ er in let t in g rou t er s rou t e an d ser ve rs se rv e .

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Protocols and Packets App ly ing w hat y ou h ave lear ned t o r eal- wor ld t r oubleshoot ing is im por t ant for t he successfu l supp ort per son. St ar t ing w it h Table 4 - 3, I com par e som e of t he pr ot ocols, ap plicat ion s, and ut ilit ies at each lay er of Nov ell's I PX/ SPX st ack t o t h e TCP/ I P suit e t o assist you w it h supp ort in g •day - t o- d ay int Table of wor Content ern et k s. s •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Tab le 4 -3 . Nov el l Pr ot ocols, Appli ca t i on s, an d U t il it ie s

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

La y erI SBN: I SO 1-'s 58OSI 720 -0 57 -0 Mod el Pages: 84 0

D oD TCP/ I P Su it e

N ov el lI P X / SP X St a ck

7

App licat ion

App licat ions

App licat ion

Net BI OS [* ] NCP Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 6 Pr esent at ion SAP[ * ]

Wit h t his b ook, you can:

RI P

5

[* ] Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w orNLSP ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Session

4

Est ablish a baseline and docutment y our Tr anspor t Tr anspor SPXph ysical and logical n et w or k

3 2 1

I dent if y t r oublesh ootHost ing t- ar s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t o-get Host t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Net w ork I nt er net I PX Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Datst a (Link Dat a ILink W AN t ech nologies such as Et Cat aly r ) OS and Cisco OS( r ) Sof t wVar ar eious comLAN/ m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g her net , Tok en Rin g, FDDI , Fr am e Relay, HD LC, PPP Phy sical Phy sical Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [*]

NCP = NetWar e Cor e Pr ot ocol

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h [ * ] SAP = Serv ice Advert isement Pr otocol cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat [aut * ] NLSP = NetWar e Lin k State ( Serv ices) Pr otocolion, and mor e Appslyt od a ay lay ar er e edprt rou blesh oot t o ist r eallifeWar rouet ing and6swit Net w ork edom in ant lying I P,met b uth Iodology PX st ill ex s. Net 5 and r unchin nat g iv e I P, bu t env iron ment s earlier Nov ell n et wor k s used Novell's ow n flav or of I P. I nt er net w or k Packet Exch ange ( I PX) , lik e I P, is a con nect ion less dat ag r am deliver y r out ed p r ot ocol t hat en com p asses t he upper f ive lay er s Desig aspir ing E( r) er prpar of essionals, t hisPack ind isp le lab g uidef or b uilds on y of t hened OSIfor m odel. I PX CCNP r elies and on itCCI s count t Seq uenced et en Exsab chang e ( SPX) r eliabilit Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP like I P r elies on TCP or an u pper - layer ap plicat ion . At Layer 2 , I PX sup por t s m ed ia such as Tr ing Ring exam, .FD Full pr act ex,erHDLC, cises tan h atd gPPP. et y ou r eady Et houbleshoot er n et , Token DI ,ofFram e ical Relay Howev er , f or t hechallenges m ain I PX on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealt r oub leshoot ing t ar get at Layer 2 is encapsulat ion. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE Wit h Net Ware, t he client conf ig ur at ion is in t ent ionally v er y sim ple. I f t he client get s t he fr am e t y pe ( en cap su lat ion ) cor r ect , it w ill lik ely w ork .

• Table of Content s Frame Types •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

En cap su lat ion, f ram e f or mat , fr am e t y pe—t hey all m ean t he sam e t hing , w hich is packag ing t he By L. er Hardat rington upDonna per- lay a, voice, or v ideo int o a Layer 2 f ram e. Com par e t he I PX an d I P fr am in g exam ples in Figur e 4- 5 . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Figu r e 4 - 5 . I P/ I PX Encap su la t ion

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her leshoot ools u t ilit ies t o m emor ize t o t ak e a Cisco t est . They ar e r eal Fram et r oub t yp es ar e ning ot j tust anan otdher t able t r oub leshoot ing t ar get s r egar dless of t he u pper - layer pr ot ocols. For inst ance, m ach in es ru nnin g Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided only Et her net _I I cannot see m achines r un ning only Et her net _80 2. 3 and vice v er sa. On t h e Cisco Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g side, subint er faces and secon dar y addr esses sup por t m ult iple f r am e t yp es, an d on t he Nov ell ser v erUse sidin e st you can bind m ult f r ame t yp esion t o tm h et e NI C ort ourse muelt iple NI Cs. Beetaw r u ct or - d ev elop ediple p rob lem - isolat hods esolv Tr ouble Tick s ar e, how ev er , t h at r un ning m ult iple f ram e t yp es af fect s net w or k speed an d p er f orm ance. Rou t ers assist" Snif wit hf"mt ult e ot t ypnes ipping he iple w ir ef rtam o sp et wby or st k rissu es t h e Lay er 2 packag e and r ep ack agin g it accor ding t o t he d est inat ion net w or k add ress. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Alt houcabling, gh fr amsp e eed for mand at s ar cov,erued m orion e tand h orou ghly in Ch apt er idt 5, h, " Sh oot ingCD, Trou it hlin k, dueplex t ilizat collisions, b andw CSMA/ onble e- wway Et h er n et , " t hey ar e cover ed b riefly h er e b ecause y ou mu st at least b e fam iliar w it h t hem to aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e supp ort t he Novell env iron ment . Rev iew t hem in Table 4 - 4. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Tabinleg (4CI-4T). tFr amt hat e For ma Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot op ics p r ep aret ysou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

8 0 2 . 3 R AW ( N ov e ll ) Fra m e For m a t 80 2. 3

I PX

80 2. 3 RAW is Nov ell' s 80 2. 3 for I PX over Et hern et . Uses 8 02. 3 len gt h field b ut not 802 .2 LLC ( SAPs) • •

Table of Content s

First 2 Ibndex yt es in dat a field are set t o FFFF.

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

80 2. 3 ( I EEE) Fram e For m at w it h an 802 .2 ( LLC) SAP Header

By Donna L. Har rington

80 2. 3

80 2. 2 LLC

I PX

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

is I0EEE' Pub 80 Dat2. e:2April 4, 20s0380 2. 3

for I PX over Et hern et ( and ot h er Lay er 2 t echnolog ies) .

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

I PX u ses DSAP and SSAP of e0. ( SAP is t he Lay er 2 p oint er t o t he Lay er 3 pr ot ocol.)

Pages: 84 0

Uses lengt h f ield. 80 2. 3 ( I EEE) Fram e For m at w it h a 8 02. 2 ( LLC) SAP/ SNAP Head er 80 2. 3 80 2. 2 LLC SNAP I PX Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. SNAP h as 802 . 3, 8 02. 2 SAP, and SNAP h ead er s. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Uses lengt h f ield. DSAP e AA w init thh reale LLCwheader Set u p and an d SSAP f ollow ar along or ld lab. scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Et h er n et I I ( DI X) Fr am e For m at a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical Et h erEst n etablish II I PX n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her h erleshoot n et I I ing is Digit al an I n tdelu Xer t rEt oub t ools t ilit ox ies ( D I X) Et h er net . I PX uose ses and an Ett rhoublesh er Ty pe oot f ieldact ofu81 8 138 s. (by Et hf ollow er Ty pe t h e point f r om er 2 t o t h e Diagn al 37/ pr oblem ingisalong w it heraut h or-Lay p r ovided Lay er 3 pr ot ocol.) Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

NO TE Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Unfor u nat ely m any acron ym ,s encapsulat ar e r e- used in tand h e indust aut o tnegot iat ion, addr essing ion, mor e r y . 80 2. 2 LLC SAPs ar e serv ice access poin t s or poin t er s t o t he Lay er 3 p rot ocol. Th ey h ave not hin g t o do w it h t he Nov Ser v ice Adt rou ver tblesh isem oot en t ing Pr otmet ocol ( SAP) . t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Appell ly a lay er ed h odology env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on The d ef fr am t y peTrou on Nov ell serinver aries romt hat NetpWar e v ersion NetCCNP War e v ersion. I n t he Cisco( r)ault I nt er net ew ork bleshoot g (sCIvT) t opfics r ep are y ou fort ot he nex t chap t er , y ou w ill use y our p rot ocol analyzer t o analy ze t he fr am e t y pes in m oron e det b ut Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges t heail, j ob, for now u se t he f ollow ing Net War e v er sion list as a gu ide: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. er nical et _ ISt I ud is ties: he dTr efoublesh ault for oot NetinWar 5. x anydou 6 . xw it for herical net inf link CCNPEtPrhact g p reovides h pEtract ors.mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

HDLC is t h e defau lt f or ser ial link s. Et h er n et _ 802 .3 is t h e defau lt f or Net Ware 3. 11 and pr ior f or Et h er net lin ks. Et h er n et _ 802 .2 is t h e defau lt t o Net W are 3 . 12 t hr oug h 4 .x for Et her net link s. SNAP is t h e defau lt f or Tok en Rin g an d FDD I . •

Table of Content s

•

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

NO TE

By Donna L. Har rington

I n a TCP/ I P Et her net env ir onm ent , Cisco d ef ault s t o ARPA, w h er eas in a Nov ell I PX net w or k, Cisco defau lt s t o Nov ell- Et her . I n eit her case, ser ial link s defau lt t o HDLC Pub Dat e: April 0ion. 4, 20How 03 ev er , Cisco h as nev er ch anged t heir defau lt I PX f r ame t yp e. I f encapsulat I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 Net War e is using-0I P, t her e is no I PX, so t her e is no issue wit h I PX f r ame t yp es. Hence, t her Pages: e is84som 0 e validit y t o dr op t he X in I PX and t hin gs w or k ju st f in e.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Table 4 - 5 illust r at es t he Cisco nam es and Novell nam es f or t he v ar ious f ram e t yp es. Th is is not only cr it ical CCNA/ CCNP m at erial but inf orm at ion y ou n eed t o conf igur e I PX on Cisco r out er s in Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t he real w or ld. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

le d4f ollow -5 . Cisco laldt ilab on /scenar Novios el laligned Fr a m e SetTab u p an along wEn it hcap real-su w or t o Type each exEx amam t oppl ic, es w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Cisco N ov el l Fra m e D e scri pt i on N ov el l V er sion D ef au lt Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Enca psula t ion Ty pe ar_get t r ace, ower, clear aned6.otxher ARPAI dent if y t r oublesh oot Et hing er nt et I I s using pin Et hg, er Ty pe p sh oint t o , debu Netg, War t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Lay er 3 ( Defau lt f or I P Net War e 5. x Et h erDiagn n et ) ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g SAP Et h er n et _ 802 .2 Leng t h field Net War e 3. 12 t hr ou gh Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 80 2. 2 LLC SAP p oint er Net War e 4. x " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es t o Lay er 3 Nov ellEt hze er local and rEt h ot er e n et _ 802 .3pr oblem Leng War e 3. 11 and Analy em access s int hEtfield hern et net w or ks, Net in clud ing issues w itbelow h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, ( Defau or I PXiat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e autlto f negot Et h er n et ) App ly a lay er ed t rou oot ing met h odology o r eal- life rou t ing SNAP and swit SNAP Etblesh h er n et _ SNAP Leng t h tfield d efchin aultgfor Tok en env iron ment s Ring an d FDD I 80 2. 2 LLC SAP Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T)SNAP t op icsh tead haterp r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, HDLCPr act ical St ud ies: HDLC Serial Allpet v eritsions f or ser ial CCNP Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou lin anksedg e ov er t he com ion t hr ough r eallink s w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Now is a good t im e t o b r in g a Nov ell ser ver online or t o in vest igat e m y scen ario so t hat y ou can w it ness a p ract ical exam p le of f r am in g issues. My Nov ell ser ver is a 4. 11 box t hat is also ser v in g as a Gr oupWise m ail serv er. Howev er, my Nov ell ser v er , nam ed gw ise is beeping pr et t y loud and qu it e oft en r ig ht now . Ex am ple 4- 24 d isp lays t he ser v er out p ut t hat is occur r ing about ever y 60 second s.

Exa m pl e 4Table - 2 4of. Content Br i ngi • s ng t h e Nov el l Ne t W ar e 4 .1 1 Box O n lin e •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

#4-01-02

6:26:36pm:

IPXRTR-6.50-2

lish er: Cisco Press RIPPub router configuration error detected. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Node 00000C8D6705 claims network address 8DA0A850 should be 00000516. Pages: 84 0

What is w r ong? You can p ress Ct r l+ Esc t o see t h e cu r rent scr een s on t he Nov ell ser v er and t y pe he lp saton t h pr e Net W are ( GWI SE: serv er ing pr om pt ) for hint s an d help it hd W Novell m ands. Hand act ice forconsole t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, wan AN t rcom ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. From t he serv er console, I issued t he loa d m onit or com m and t o look at t h e Available Opt ions m enhut his andb fou ndyou t hecan: LAN/ WAN inf orm at ion t o be qu it e useful. Ex am ple 4- 25 d isp lays t he Wit ook, inf orm at ion I g leaned fr om t h e Nov ell m on it or . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w itpl hout ment Exa m e 4t-h2e 5act . ual loaequip d mon it or D ispl ay s t h e Bin din gs Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her #NE2000_1_E82 [NE2000 port=300 int=A frame=ETHERNET_802.2] t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies NE2000_1_E83 [NE2000 port=300 int=A frame=ETHERNET_802.3] Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g NE2000_1_EII [NE2000 port=300 int=A frame=ETHERNET_II] Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Pr essing Analy Ent zeerlocal on each and rof em t he ot ebin access dings pr inoblem t h e prs eceding in Et hern exetamp netle w or yields ks, int hclud e follow ing issues ing infworm it h at ion: cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 80 2. 2 bindin g: App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Node adsdr ess 0 080 29E85C6B env iron ment I PXaspir n et wing or kCCNP add r ess Desig ned for and 8A4 CCIA85A5 E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 80 2. 3 bindin g: . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot ing exam CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealNode ad dr ess 0 080 29E85C6B w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. I PX n et w or k add r ess 8D A0A85 0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Et h er n et I I bind in g: Node ad dr ess 0 080 29E85C6B Add ress Resolu t ion Prot ocol ( ARP) an d I P pr ot ocols The Net War e di sp la y ne t w ork s com m and show s t he follow ing net w ork s: 3 466 48E2, 8 A4 A85A5 , and 8D A0A85 0. 34 664 8E2 is t h e I PX int ern al net w ork num ber f or t h e ser v er , w h ich alw ays has a •nod e addr essTable of Content s 001 . The ot h er s ar e I PX ex t ern al nu m bers t hat are b ound t o t he NI C. of 000 000 000 •8A4 A85A5 is I for ndexfr am e t y pe 8 02. 2, and 8DA0 A8 50 is for fr am e t y pe 80 2. 3. Look back at t he CCNP P ra cti cal lem St udiand es: Trnot ouble or iginal p rob e tshoot h at ting h e ser v er is say ing t h at 8D A0A85 0, t h e 802 . 3 n et w or k , should beDonna 5 16. L.Refer back t o Figur e 4- 1 t o conf ir m t he w her eab out s of I PX net w ork 5 16 t o d et er m ine By Har rington t he issue. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: NO TE84 0

The ex act er ror message is of t en helpf ul w h en t r y in g t o f ind t he p rob lem . Th is one hap pens t o be: " RI P r out er conf ig ur at ion er r or det ect ed . Node 0 000 0C8 D670 5 claim s net w or k add ress 8DA0 A850 shou ld be 000 005 16. " Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Next t y ped loayou d edcan: it t o br ing up t h e Novell au t oex ec. n cf f ile, b ut my par amet er s w er e Wit h tI his b ook, t r ansfer r ed t o a net inf o. cf g file by t he inet cfg NLM. So I t yp ed loa d in et cfg t o conf ig ur e t he corr ect n et w or k f or fr am e t y pe 8 02. 3. Rem em b er t he def ault f r ame t yp e for Net War e 4 .x is Nov ellSet 8 02. ordCisco w hwich t h e wissue h er e. Fr omios t he in et cf gt omeach enu , ex I pick u p2an f ollowSAP, along it hisrealor ld lab scenar aligned am ed t op ic, w it h or I nt er net w ork ing Con figu rat ion and t h en t h e Binding s subm enu t o chan ge t h e 8DA0 A850 net w or k w it hout t h e act ual equip ment t o 516 . For t he com m ands t o t ak e eff ect , I had t o t yp e t he re i nit i al iz e sy st e m com m and. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k You can d o t h e sam e t hing in m u lt ip le w ays. For ex amp le, in st ead of using t he m enu s as I d id , y ou cou I dent ld do if y ever t r oublesh yt hingoot fr ing om t ar h eget Nov s using ell ser pin ver g, console t r ace, pr shom ow ,ptclear , wh ,erdebu e y ou g, wan ould d othav her e t o issue t he unt bin r oubdleshoot com m and ing tfir ools st an andd tuhen t ilit ies bi nd. I n addit ion , inst ead of d ow ning and exit ing t h e console, you cer t ainly cou ld issu e t he dow n com m and and t hen re st ar t se rv er , or dow n, t h en ose ser andve t r r. oublesh oot 4act pr oblem by f ollow ing it h autIhPX or-t p e xi t , Diagn an d t hen Ex am ple 26u al illust r at es sloading dr iv er salong an d bwinding o rtovided he NI C at Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g t he con sole. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl e 4 - 2 6 . Loa din g Dr iv e r s an d Bi nd in g I PX t o t h e NI C at t he " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Con sol e Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e LOAD NE2000 NAME=NE2000_1_E83 FRAME=ETHERNET_802.3 INT=A PORT=300 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ment s BIND env IPXiron NE2000_1_E83 NET=516 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ... Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE Whet h er f r om t he com m and line or in et cf g, t h ese com m ands p rov e q uit e helpf ul in a Cisco/ Novell supp or t env iron m en t ; af t er all, incorr ect f ram e t y pes ar e a com m on issue bet w een Nov ell and Cisco devices. Mult iple f r ame t yp es are sup por t ed in Nov ell and Cisco, alt houg h not a best p ract ice. On Cisco devices, t he p ref er r ed m et hod is t o conf ig ur e subint er faces, bu t secon dar y addr esses st ill w or k t oo. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

That did it . You fix ed t he beep an d can see t he f ollow ing n et w or k s, inclu ding t he t ick / hop coun t By Donna w it h di spL.laHar y rington ne t w ork s at t h e ser v er console: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

51 6 0 / 1

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 53 2 1 /1-2 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

54 8 2 / 3 56 4 2 / 3 58 0 2 / 3 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket 59 s b6ased 2 / 8 on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t10 his11b ook, 1/ 2 you can: 10 22 2/ 8 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it664 hout8E2 t h e0/act equip 34 1 (ual int er nal Iment PX nu mb er ) Est baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 8A4ablish A85A5a 0/ 1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn NO TEose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Ticks/ hop s and t he net w ork num ber s ar e exp lain ed in t he sect ion " I nt er net Layer Use in st r u Ap ct orplicat - d evion elop p rob lem - isolat t oer. r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Pr ot ocols, s, ed and Ut ilit ies" lat erionin mt hetishods ch apt " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

NO TE

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g The Cisco eq uivalent comm and t o Novell's di sp la y ne t w ork s is show i px rou t e. env iron ment s Rem em b er t hat as w it h ot h er pr ot ocols, all rou t es can b e clear ed t o for ce conv er gence it h cle i pxing r out e * , and b ut CCI clearE(inr)g pr anofind ividu al r tout is isp p r ef able herefbore noton Desigwned foraraspir CCNP essionals, hiseind enersab le an labd gt uide uilds as m uch of a car eer limit in g m ov e ( CLM) in t h e pr act ical en vir onm ent . Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. The Nov ell confi g con sole com m and is gr eat f or get t ing a q uick display of t he har dw ar e set t in gs, nod e addr t y pe, boar d nam bind ings orit h docu ment ion f or CCNP Pr actess, ical frStam udeies: Tr oublesh oot ine,g and p r ovides y ou fw p ract icalatinf or or mat ionset ont ing all up t h efilt er s. Usepor it ttant o chcon eckcep y our w ort ral k ont ot he ver ( see Figur 4-t6ion ) . of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im t s cen t h eser t r oubleshoot ing epor

Figu r e 4 - 6 . Nov el l Conf ig

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO TE Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Iwam recomm end in gequip you ment up dat e y our dr awin g at t his point . How ev er , I am assu min g it hout t h e act ual t hat y ou hav e realized t h e im por t ance of docum ent at ion and hav e b een doing so all along. Est ablish I wa ill baseline cont inu eand w it hout docu tment oo m any y ourrem ph ysical inder sand in t his logical ar ea. n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly NO TEst ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g st r u ctpr or act - d ev rob - isolat m et hods r esolv Tr ouble IUse t is ain good iceelop t o ed alwpay s lem specif y en ion cap sulat ion wt ho en y ou econ figu re Tick Novet ells int er faces on Cisco rou t ers. Wh et her t he d ef ault or not , t his w ill m ake you consciou s of Snif f" rtect he w ir e t o sp otion n ett yp w or issu es t his is a good it em t o d ocu m en t . t"he cor encapsulat e.kBesides, Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, negot ion, addr encapsulat ion, Next aut y ouoshou ldiat conf igur e atessing least, one I PX h ost t o and pr epmor are efor t h e r est of t he chap t er . Using t he Net w ork Prop er t ies sheet , con figu re host b for I PX as t he d ef ault pr ot ocol using t he Micr osoft App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Client for Net War e as t h e pr im ary log on w it h aut o fr am e- t y pe det ect ion. Follow t hese st ep s for env iron ment s t he Window s 9 8 h ost b clien t . Ot her Microsoft client conf ig ur at ions ar e v ery sim ilar. I f y ou pr efer t o usened t he for Nov ell client s, g o and t o Novell's ebsit e f or specif ic inst ru cten ion s. le lab g uide b uilds on Desig aspir ing CCNP CCI E( r)w pr of essionals, t his ind isp sab Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP St e p 1 . Go t o St a rt > Se t t i ngs > Cont r ol P a ne l an d ch oose Net w or k or j ust r igh t - click Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Net w ork Neigh bor hood t o g et t o Prop er t ies. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. St e p 2 . Add t h e Micr osoft Client for Net War e and select it as t he Prim ar y Net w ork Logon. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e e pcon 3 . cep Addt st hcen e Micr ocol I PX/ SPX ( or tNWLink ) . Enable Nett ificat BI OSion, supinclud por t inintgh e im por tSt ant t ral osoft t o t h eprt ot r oubleshoot ing por ion of t he CCNP cer

Pr oper t ies sheet an d r ev iew t he ot h er t abs. On t he Ad van ced t ab, locat e wh er e y ou adj ust t he fr am e t y pe so t h at y ou ar e fam iliar w it h it . Also put a check in t he b ox for I PX t o b e t he defau lt p rot ocol. I t is not necessar y t o r un TCP/ I P on t h e client at all for t h is chapt er . St e p 4 . Mak e sur e t he Novell ser v er is up and r unn ing befor e y ou reboot t he client . Reb oot t he client and log in w it h t he Ad minist r at or account and passw ord f or y our Nov ell ser v er . • •

St e p 5Table . Righ t - click Net w or k Neig hbor hood and edit t he Micr osof t Client f or Net Ware. of Content s Ch oose t he pr efer r ed ser v er nam e f or you r lab fr om t h e dr op- d own list . For exam ple, m ine I ndex is gw ise.

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

NO TE

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Man y w ork st at ions send out Get Near est Ser v er ( GNS) r equest s in a specific or der , Pages: 84 0 such as 802 . 3, 80 2. 2, Et her net _I I , and SNAP. To st op a w ork st at ion fr om at t achin g it self t o a serv er w it h t he w r ong fr am e t y pe, m anu ally set t he cor rect f r ame t yp e un der t he I PX pr oper t ies. D ep en ding on t he clien t , y ou can check t his inf orm at ion using ip xr out e conf ig at t h e com m and pr om pt . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Internet Layer Applications, and Utilities Wit h t his b ook, you Protocols, can: The Nov ell I PX suit e of p rot ocols includ es n ot on ly I PX and SPX b ut also man y up per- lay er Setions u p an d fut ollow w it hp rin realw essaging or ld lab scenar aligned each ex am t op ic,ical w it h or app licat and ilit iesalong f or f ile, t, m , dat abios ase, an d ott o her comm on pr act w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ser v ices. You confir m ed t h is w hen y ou enabled I PX r out ing, becau se it aut omat ically enabled I PX RI P as t he r out in g p r ot ocol by d ef ault . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I PX u ses RI P and SAP br oad cast s t o bu ild a t able of r out es and a t able of ser v ices. Just as w it h I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her an I P pack et , r out ing decisions mu st be mad e for an I PX packet based on t he d est inat ion t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies net w or k. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Your fir st t ask in t his subsect ion is t o t ur n on de bug i px pa ck et an d ping t he Nov ell ser v er Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g int ern al I PX nu m b er f r om r 1 usin g t he add r ess f rom t he Nov ell con sole confi g com m and ( as in Ex am ple 4- 27) . Nex t p in g a few rou t er in t erf aces. Wh y can y ou ping t h e rou t er int er faces but not Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s t he Novell ser v er? Capt ur e t his act iv it y t o a Sniff er file and sav e it as chapt er 4 p ing fails fr om r 1 t o nov" Snif ell ser er sn . w or k issu es f" vt he w irifefert ocapt sp oturneet Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h

Exa m cabling, pl e 4 sp - 2eed 7 . and Pin du g Iplex PX, uFa t ilizat il s ion fr om and R1 collisions, t o Nov b andw el l Se idt h, r ve CSMA/ r CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1#debug ipx packet Desig ned for debugging aspir ing CCNP IPX packet is and on CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1#ping CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Protocol [ip]: ipx CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Target IPX address: 346648e2.0000.0000.0001 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Repeat count [5]: Datagram size [100]: Timeout in seconds [2]: Verbose [n]: •

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Type escapeI ndex sequence to abort. • CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Sending 5, 100-byte IPXcisco Echoes to 346648E2.0000.0000.0001, By Donna L. Har rington

timeout is 2 seconds: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, local:516.0000.0c8d.6705->346648E2.0000.0000.0001 20 03 01:28:39: IPX: I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

ln=100 pt=01 ds=0002 ss=0002, gw=Et0:516.0080.29e8.5c6b. Pages: 84 tc=00 0 01:28:41: IPX: local:516.0000.0c8d.6705->346648E2.0000.0000.0001 ln=100 tc=00 pt=01 ds=0002 ss=0002, gw=Et0:516.0080.29e8.5c6b. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 01:28:43: IPX: local:516.0000.0c8d.6705->346648E2.0000.0000.0001 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ln=100 tc=00 pt=01 ds=0002 ss=0002, gw=Et0:516.0080.29e8.5c6b. Wit h t his b ook, you can: 01:28:45: IPX: local:516.0000.0c8d.6705->346648E2.0000.0000.0001 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ln=100 pt=01 ds=0002 ss=0002, gw=Et0:516.0080.29e8.5c6b. w it hout tc=00 t h e act ual equip ment 01:28:47: IPX: local:516.0000.0c8d.6705->346648E2.0000.0000.0001 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y tc=00 t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s ss=0002, using pin g,gw=Et0:516.0080.29e8.5c6b t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her ln=100 pt=01 ds=0002 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 01:28:47: IPX: Se1:580.00b0.6481.e300->580.ffff.ffff.ffff ln= 72 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OSds=0453 and Ciscoss=0453, I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g tc=00 pt=01 rcvd Use in stIPX: r u ct orSe1:580.00b0.6481.e300->580.ffff.ffff.ffff - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Trln= ouble 01:28:47: 72Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es tc=00 pt=01 ds=0453 ss=0453, local. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ... App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1#show ipxment interface ethernet 1 env iron s Ethernet1 up, protocol upof essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned foris aspir ingline CCNP and CCI E(is r) pr Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP IPX address is 532.0000.0c8d.6706, NOVELL-ETHER [up] Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDelay of this ticks is 1 throughput 0 link delay 0 w or ld ap plicat ion ofIPX LANnetwork, and WAN tin op ics. ... CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#ping ipx 532.0000.0c8d.6706 01:29:20: IPX: Et0:516.0080.29e8.5c6b->516.ffff.ffff.ffff ln= 40 tc=00 pt=01 ds=0453 ss=0453, rcvd 01:29:20: IPX: Et0:516.0080.29e8.5c6b->516.ffff.ffff.ffff ln= 40 tc=00 •

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pt=01 ds=0453 ss=0453, local0c38.a05d

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Type escape sequence to abort. By Donna L. Har rington

Sending 5, 100-byte IPXcisco Echoes to 532.0000.0c38.a05d, timeout is 2 seconds: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

!!!!! Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/16/16 ms Pages: 84 0

r1# 01:29:26: IPX: local:532.0000.0c8d.6706->532.0000.0c38.a05d ln=100 tc=00 Handpt=01 s- on prds=0002 act ice for ss=0002, t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble gw=Et1:532.0000.0c38.a05d t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 01:29:26: IPX: Et1:532.0000.0c38.a05d->532.0000.0c8d.6706 ln=100 tc=00 Wit h t his b ook, you can: pt=02 ds=0002 ss=0002, rcvd Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 01:29:26: IPX: Et1:532.0000.0c38.a05d->532.0000.0c8d.6706 ln=100 tc=00 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment pt=02 ds=0002 ss=0002, local Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 01:29:26: local:532.0000.0c8d.6706->532.0000.0c38.a05d ln=100 tc=00 I dent if yIPX: t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies pt=01 ds=0002 ss=0002, gw=Et1:532.0000.0c38.a05d Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 01:29:26: IPX: Et1:532.0000.0c38.a05d->532.0000.0c8d.6706 tc=00 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t putln=100 , and loggin g Use in stds=0002 r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s pt=02 ss=0002, rcvd ... " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analyipx ze local and r emserial ot e access r2#show interface 0 pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o is negot ion, addr essing , is encapsulat ion, and mor e Serial0 up,iatline protocol up App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g IPX address is 564.0000.0c38.a05d [up] env iron ment s r2#ping ipx 564.0000.0c38.a05d Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP type escape sequence to abort. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSending 5, 100-byte IPXcisco Echoes to 564.0000.0c38.a05d, timeout is 2 seconds: w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. !!!!! CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/64 ms r1#undebug all All possible debugging has been turned off

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

NO TE

Pub I nlisht he er: Cisco pr ev Press iou s

exam ples y ou look ed at t h e int er faces t o g at her t he I PX addr ess t o t hat show cdp ne ig hbor s de t ai l g ives t h at inf or mat ion f or r em ot e dev ices1-t58 oo. lik e w it h I P it is helpf ul t o t est local and r emot e com m un icat ions. Use I SBN: 720Just -0 57 -0 t he CDP met h od t o locat e t he r 2e0 add ress t o ping t est it . Pages: 84 0

ping for20get Pub Dat.e:Don April't0 4, 03

A sim ple pin g is t he m ost basic t est ing t ool w it h I PX, t oo, f or check ing w het her p ack et s m ak e it t o t he d est inat ion. I n I PX, h ow ev er, t he ad dr ess is a lit t le mor e d ifficult t o t yp e becau se you Hand sonnet pr act formb t he ingadd exam h TCP/ I P, LAN, an dd W AN t rping ouble need t he w orice k nu er CCNP follow Tr edoubleshoot b y t he n ode ressw(itMAC add ress) . The ef ault is a t icket spin b ased on Cisco t ern etocol w or knu Trmoub g (can CI T)ver t opics. Cisco g, w hich uses IInPX pr ot b erleshoot 2 ( as in you ify in t he sh aded ou t pu t of t h e pr ecedin g ex am ple) . The I PX of ficial pin g u ses sock et n um ber 0x 90 86 . Cisco p in g wor k s f in e for t his b ook, you bcan: yWit ourh Cisco d ev ices, ut y our I PX dev ices do not und er st and it s p rop riet ar y nat u re. I t is good pr act ice t o chan ge t h e I PX ping t y pe u sin g t he ip x pi ng- de fa ult nov el l gl oba l con figur at ion com man d on y our r ou t er s. Fix t he I PX ping pr oblem and v erif y as in Ex am ple 4- 28. Chang e t he Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ping t y pe t o Nov ell on r 1 t hr oug h r5 and sav e y our conf ig ur at ions. Cap t ur e t h e result s w it h a w it hout t h e act ual equip ment pr ot ocol an aly zer t o a f ile n am ed chapt er 4 p ing fix fr om r1 t o nov ell ser v er sn if fer capt u re . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl eif y4t-r 2oublesh 8 . Pin ging I PX Fi xs using fr ompin r 1g, ttor ace, N ove ll ,Se r v, er I dent oot t ar get sh ow clear debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r1(config)#ipx ping-default ? r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct use or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s cisco cisco echoes for IPXion ping " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es diagnostic use Diagnostic Request/Response for IPX ping Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h novell use Novell Standard echoes for IPX ping cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config)#ipx ping-default novell App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1(config)#end env iron ment s r1#copy Desig ned running-config for aspir ing CCNP startup-config and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ... Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr1#ping ipx ion 346648e2.0.0.1 w or ld ap plicat of LAN and WAN t op ics. Type abort. CCNP escape Pr act ical sequence St ud ies: Trto oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Sending 5, 100-byte IPX Novell Echoes to 346648E2.0000.0000.0001, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms •

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r1#debug ipx packet

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

IPX packet debugging is on By Donna L. Har rington

01:42:05: IPX: Et1:532.0000.0c38.a05d->532.ffff.ffff.ffff ln= 64 tc=00 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

pt=01 ds=0453 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03ss=0453,

rcvd

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

01:42:05: IPX: Et1:532.0000.0c38.a05d->532.ffff.ffff.ffff ln= 64 tc=00 Pages: 84 0

... r1#ping ipx 346648e2.0.0.1 Hand on pr actsequence ice for t heto CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Type s-escape abort. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Sending 5, 100-byte IPX Novell Echoes to 346648E2.0000.0000.0001, Wit h t his b ook, you can: timeout is 2 seconds: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or !!!!! w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Success rate ais 100 percent round-trip min/avg/max ms Est ablish baseline and docu(5/5), ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w=or16/16/20 k r1# I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 01:42:16: IPX: local:516.0000.0c8d.6705->346648E2.0000.0000.0001 ln=100 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided tc=00 pt=04 gw=Et0:516.0080.29e8.5c6b Cat aly st ( r ) OSds=9086 and Ciscoss=9086, I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in stIPX: r u ct orEt0:346648E2.0000.0000.0001->516.0000.0c8d.6705 - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr oubleln=100 Tick et s 01:42:16: " Snif f" pt=04 t he w ir e t o sp ot nss=9086, et w or k issu es tc=01 ds=9086 rcvd Analy zeIPX: localEt0:346648E2.0000.0000.0001->516.0000.0c8d.6705 and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in cludln=100 ing issues w it h 01:42:16: cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat tc=01 pt=04 ds=9086 ss=9086, local ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 01:42:16: IPX: local:516.0000.0c8d.6705->346648E2.0000.0000.0001 ln=100 env iron ment s tc=00 pt=04 ds=9086 ss=9086, gw=Et0:516.0080.29e8.5c6b Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ... Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr1#undebug all w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. All debugging has been offy ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNPpossible Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in turned g p r ovides im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

The Cisco de bug i px pa ck et com m and is qu it e helpfu l in t his inst ance. Not ice t hat w hen you chang e t he p ing t y pe t o Novell, sock et 0 x9 086 is used, w h er eas pr eviously it w as pr ot ocol nu mb er 2. Th e 452 s and 45 3s show n ar e for SAP and RI P sock et s. Lat er y ou m ay n ot ice 455 for Net BI OS. Also comp ar e t he Ex am ple 4- 28 Nov ell I PX echos t o t he Ex am ple 4- 27 Cisco I PX echos. You can also loa d ip xp ing at t h e Novell serv er console and t est t hing s fr om t hat direct ion if y ou •desire. Table of Content s •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

NO TE Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: bug April 0i4, 03 ck et The de px20pa

com m and w as helpf ul in fin ding t he sour ce of t h is pr oblem , but deI SBN: bug1-p58 ack any 720et -0 57 -0 t hing is not t he best choice in a p rod uct ion env ir onm ent . Act ually , not all 84 Nov Pages: 0 ell host s r espon d t o a ping, and in t he r eal w orld y ou migh t h ave t o r esor t t o ping ing a r out er in t er f ace an d usin g ot her up per- lay er t est in g m et hod s for t he h ost . Pr oblems su ch as t h ese ar e m ind t easer s at t im es an d oft en fr ust r at ing. I f all else fails w it h you r st ru ct ur ed lay er ed met h odology , r em em ber t o ask som eone f or help or get a good nig ht ' s sleep on it .

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Com par e t h e out p ut of t he debu g and Sniff er cap t ur es for t he pin g p or t ion on ly . Figur e 4- 7 an d Wit h t his b ook, you can: Figur e 4- 8 h elp y ou locat e t he pr ot ocol an d sock et infor m at ion in Sn iffer . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Figu r e 4 - 7 . Ci sco Pin g a nd I PX Pr ot ocol 2

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies [ View full size im age] Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 4 - 8 . I PX Pin g a nd Socke t 0 x 9 0 8 6

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[ View full size im age]

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Tablet 4 - 6 list s t h eing fields of an t h ed IuPX ( p ack et or d at agr am ) . Use t he Sn if fer capt u re of t he r oub leshoot t ools t ilitheader ies I PX p in g f ile fr om t h e pr ecedin g ex am ple t o v iew t he field s as in Figur e 4- 9 . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

4 - lem 9 . An al yz t he It oPX H ea de r Tick et s Use in st r u ct or - d evFigu elop edr ep rob - isolat ionin mg et hods r esolv e Tr ouble " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr[ oblem View full s size in Etimhern age] et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Tab le 4 -6 . The I PX H ea de r ( Packe t or D at a gr a m )

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Fie ld Bit s D e scri pt i on Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Ch eck su m 16 Not used w hen set t o all 1 s ( FFFF) . bit s I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Packet 16 Num ber of b yt es u p t o t he MTU[ * ] size. No f r agm en t at ion. LengDiagn th bit st r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ose and Cat aly Ciscos IrOS( ar e com m and ut , ou , and loggin g Tr anspor t st ( r ) 8OS bitand s Show out rer) sSof t h tewpack et has t r aninp sit ed. Th teput limit is 16 . Con t rol Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Packet Typ e 8 bit s Lin k t o n ex t lay er ( like I P pr ot ocol nu m ber) . Ex amp les in clu de 0" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp et n, w or1-k RI issu unot knnow P, es 5- SPX, an d 17- NCP. DestAnaly inat ion 32 and rEx ( w ir e)prnet w or sk in nuEt mb er . et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ze local emt er ot nal e access oblem hern Net wcabling, ork bit s sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dest inat ion 48 MAC add ress. NodeApp ly a laybit s er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Destenv inatiron ion ment 16s See sour ce sock et . Socket bit s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net32 w ork Trou g (net CI T) t op Sour ce Ex tbleshoot er nal ( w in ir e) w or k.ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP TrNet oubleshoot ing bit exam w ork s . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealress. wSour or ld ce apNode plicat ion48of LANMAC and add WAN t op ics. bit s CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Sour ce Socket

16 bit s

Upper Layer Dat a

Var ies I nf orm at ion for upp er - lay er pr ocesses.

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Point er t o upp er layer s ( like a TCP/ UDP por t n um ber) . Ex am ples inclu de 04 51- NCP, 045 2- SAP, 0 453 - RI P, 04 55- Net BI OS, an d 0 456 - Diagn ost ics. 40 00– 600 0 ar e eph em er al sock et s for ser v er an d net w ork com mu nicat ion s.

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Tr ansm ission CCNP P raMTU cti cal=StMax udiim es:um Tr ouble shoot ing Unit By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

NO TE

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

The f ir st 2 by t es of t he I PX h ead er are a 2- b yt e ch eck sum . I t is calculat ed in 1' s Pages: 84 0 com plem ent binar y , not 2' s comp lem ent , so FFFF = m inu s 0 has t he reser v ed m eaning of " no check sum p er f orm ed. "

The ch Hand s-eck on su pr m actis ice not forused t he CCNP w h en Tr setoubleshoot t o all FFFFs. ing The exam lengt w it hh of TCP/ t h eI P, select LAN,edanpack d Wet ANist r88 ouble by t es; rt icket em em sb ber ased I PXondoes Cisco n otI nftrern agm eten w or t pkack Tr oub et s leshoot like I P. inThe g ( CI t r anspor T) t opics. t con t r ol show s t hat 0 r out ers hav e been t r ansit ed . Not e t hat I PX t im e- t o- live ( TTL) cou nt s up t o a m ax imu m of 16 . I n t he I P Wit h t his b ook, you can: t o a m ax im u m of 255 an d d ecr ement ed t o 0. The packet t yp e is 1, header , TTL is init ialized w hich is how I PX link s t o t he next layer . Snif fer is f riend ly en ough t o disp lay packet t y pe 1 as RI P rat h er t han m ake you look up t h e dat a. Ot her sam ple pr ot ocol nu m bers you can ex pect t o Set in u pclu ande d ft ollow along see here he follow in g:w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish SP X — 5 a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k INdent if y17 t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her CP— t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies SA P— 4 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ( r ) OS ICat P Xaly RIstP— 1 and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or N e t BI OS— 20- d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" 0t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es An y— zeion local emode ot eisaccess pr oblem s in Etwh hern ing issues it hw or k The dAnaly est inat n etand w or kr .n 5 16. FFFFFFFFFFFF, ichetisnet t hw e or dirks, ectin edclud br oadcast f orwnet cabling, andk du plexis , u5t16. ilizat ion 0c8d6 and collisions, idtish,t he CSMA/ ayr ce lin MAC k, 51 6. Th e sou r sp ce eed n et wor . node 0 000 705 for r1b,andw w hich sam CD, e ason t h eew sou negot iat ion, addr encapsulat andsock moret e num b er s ar e 45 3, w h ich is t he fr om aut t heoDat a Link Lay er . Thessing e sour, ce and destion, in at ion sock et f or RI P t o link t o t he RI P header . Now r ev iew t he I PX RI P packet in t he Snif fer out p ut in lay er ed oot4ing Figur eApp 4- 1ly0.a Comp aret rou it t oblesh Table - 7. met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Figu r e 4 - 1 0 . Ana ly zi ng t h e I PX RI P H ea de r Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [ View full size im age]

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Tab le 4 -7 . The I PX RI P Packe t

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Fie ld D e scri pt i on Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Op er at ion 1 RI P r equest I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 2 RIan Pdr esp onse t r oub leshoot ing t ools u t ilit ies Net w ork num ber Specified ex t er n al I PX nu m ber Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r ) OS and Rou Cisco r ) Soft hr t wough ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g NumCat beraly of st h (ops t er IsOS( p assed NumUse ber of s or - d ev elop Tim eedt op rrob each w or kion ( ab 1/ 18t oofr esolv a second) in stt ick r u ct lemn-et isolat mout et hods e Tr ouble Tick et s 1 tot ickn et forw or LAN " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp k issu es t ick or WANpr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy ze local and r6em ot es faccess cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, SAP p ack et SeeTable 4 - 8 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g mentr at s es Fram e 2 2 of t he pr eviou s ping f ile. Th e RI P h ead er d isp lay s op er at ion 2, Figur eenv 4- iron 1 0 illust w hich is a RI P response ab out var ious I PX ex t ern al net w or k nu mb er s ( w ir e I Ds) , includ in g 548. Desig forntaspir CCNP E( r)gpr ofough essionals, t hist erind g uide on is The h ned op cou is 2,ing w hich m and ean sCCI passin t hr t w o rou s, isp an en d tsab h e tleicklab count is b3,uilds w h ich Cisco( r) I nt net, wwork T) t op hata psecond. r ep are yReview ou for tTable he CCNP how long it er t ook hichTrou in tbleshoot h is case in wgas( CI about 3/ics 18 t of 4 - 8 an d Figur e 4Tr oubleshoot exam er cises 11 t o get moring e f am iliar. Full w it hoft hpr e act I PXical RI PexSAP packt hetat . g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical StFigu ud ies:r eTr 4 oublesh in glypzi r ovides ouI w it h p inf or mat ionron all t h e - 1 1 . oot Ana ng t hy e PX RIract P ical SAP He ade im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ View full size im age]

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Tab le 4 -8 . The I PX RI P SAP Pa ck et [ * ]

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Fie ldI dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s Dusing e scripin pt ig, ont r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Op er at ion 1 General ser v ice r equest Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided General ser vm ice r eply Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) 2Sof t w ar e com and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 3 -Near est ice requt oest Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem isolat ionserv m et hods r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Near " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k 4issu es est serv ice reply Serv ice t y pe 4 File serv er Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 7 Pr in tand servcollisions, er aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 47 Adv er t ising pr int ser v er App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 11 2 HP pr int ser v er Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E(26 r)BprTim of essionals, e syn ch ront his izatind ionisp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical er cises at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 27ex 8 ND S sertvher CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eale ion of LAN and WAN t op48 wServ or ld er apnam plicat ics.by t es Net w ork addr ess 32 - bit n et wor k , 4 8- bit node CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Node ad dr ess

48 - bit MAC ad dr ess

Socket addr ess

16 - bit sock et nu mb er

Hops t o ser v er

Rou t er s p assed t hr ough

[*]

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Refer to IANA's Nov ell SAP Table for a list of SAPs fr om var ious sour ces (w w w .iana.or g/ assignments/ nov ellTable sap- number s) . of Content s I ndex

The f ir CCNP P ra stctioccu cal St rrudi ence es: Tr ofouble any shoot SAP ing act ivit y in Figur e 4- 1 1 an d my pr ev ious p ing Sniff er cap t ur e is Fram e 2 4. Th e oper at ion is a gener al ser v ice r esponse f or t he f ollow in g ser vices: By Donna L. Har rington Pub00 lish04 er: File CiscoSer Press ver Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

02 6B Tim Sy I SBN: 1- 58e 720 -0nchr 57 -0 onizat ion Pages: 84 0

02 78 Net W are Direct or y Ser v er 01 07 RSPX The n et wor k . node in for m at ion f or each of t h ese ser vices is 346 648 e2 .0 000 .0 000 . 000 1, w hich is tHand he inst ern PXice nu for m ber my gw ise ser ver . ing Theexam sock et is asan f ollow s: t r ouble on al pr Iact t hefor CCNP Tr oubleshoot w itinf h orm TCP/atI ion P, LAN, d W AN t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. NCP you can: Wit h t04 his51b ook, 00 05 Time Syn ch ron iz at ion Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 40 Eph er al w it06 hout t hem e act ual equip ment 81 RCon Est04 ablish a sole baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

NO TEose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagn Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g I PX socket s 4 000 t o 600 0 ar e t em por ar y sock et s used for int er act ion wit h Net War e ser ot -her w ed or kpcomm u -nicat ion s. m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Usev ers in stan r u dct or d evnet elop rob lem isolat ion " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ze local r em access pr oblem s in Et et net ks,capt in clud issues w it h t he You mAnaly ig ht find it in and t erest ingott eo g o t o you r pr ot ocol anhern aly zer w it w h or t his u reing open t o check sp eed tand dustplex , ufrt ilizat andw lin k,t SAP incabling, t er v al. Select he fir SAP am e,ion useand t hecollisions, Disp lay mben u t o idt m h, arkCSMA/ it , go CD, dowon n teow t hay e nex o negot iat ion, essing ion, mor SAP f aut r ame and view t h eaddr r elat iv e or, encapsulat d elt a, w h ich is and r ough ly e 1 min ut e. Obv iously t his can cause pr oblem s, especially over dial- on - deman d rou t ing ( DDR) link s. How ev er, t he Cisco I OS can a lay ed War t roueblesh ootabov ing met h odology r eallife rouLocat t ing and swit chin g spoof App t hislyt raf fic.erNet 5 and e r ep lace SAPt ow it h Ser v ice ion Pr ot ocol ( SLP) so t h at env iron ment s ser v ice and dir ect or y agent s int eract t o locat e net w or k ser v ices. See Nov ell's w eb sit e f or m or e inf orm at ion. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco(rr) I nt er net Trou g ( CI T) t op r ep are y ou for tyhe SAPs emin dm ew ofork com m erbleshoot cials on int elevision. Thics ey t hat just pkeep rem inding ouCCNP of t hing s t o eat or Tr oubleshoot of pr icaladv ex ant er cises t hsaton g et y ou r eady f ort ables challenges onr at t he j ob, bu y. This ext ring a t rexam aff ic .isFull definit elyact not ag eou t he WAN. SAP can get her CCNP actat icala St ies: oot in g itg ives anon edg e ov er t he comSAP pet itf ilt ion ough r eallar ge, Pr and m ud inim umTryoublesh ou sh ould lim SAP yt rou aff ic t he WAN using er ts.hrAlt ern at ively, or ld apadj plicat LANinand ywou can ustion t heofSAP t er v WAN al on ttop heics. WAN int er faces or j ust d on't config ur e I PX on t he int er face at all. Ot her w ise, y ou w ill sev er ely imp act t he band wid t h available t o users. Pr int er s CCNP act ical Stple. ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in glocal p r ovides y ouf acilit w it hy p, ract inf ver or mat on all h e r est of ar e a gProod ex am They ar e t y pically t o y our so wical hy ad t iseion t hem t o tt he im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g t he wor ld? SAP f ilt er s ar e f rom 100 0 t o 10 99.

Con sider t his exam ple. Assum e t hat pr int ser v er s ar e conf ig ur ed on t h e ch apt er scen ario net w ork 51 6. h ost a and host b need all I PX ser v ices on net w or k 516 . How ever , t he ot her r out er s and host c n eed only t o be m ade awar e of I PX f ile ser v er s. Thin k about how t o conf igur e t h is and check you r t hou ght s against Ex am ple 4- 29.

Exa m pl e 4Table - 2 9of. Content SAP sFil t e r t o Al low O nl y I PX File Ser v e r s • •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config)#access-list 1005 permit ? Pub lish er: -1

Cisco PressAny

IPX net

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

net I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0Source 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

N.H.H.H

Source net.host address

r1(config)#access-list 1005 permit -1 ? Service type-code (0 matches all services) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. N.H.H.H Source net.host mask Wit h t his b ook, you can:

r1(config)#access-list 4 scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Set u p an d f ollow along1005 w it h permit real- w or-1 ld lab w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config)#interface ethernet 1 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config-if)#ipx output-sap-filter 1005 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t oolsserial an d u t ilit r1(config)#interface 0 ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem r1(config-if)#ipx output-sap-filter 1005s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1(config)#interface serial 1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1(config-if)#ipx output-sap-filter 1005 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1(config-if)#end Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r1#copy running-config startup-config aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s The p ned r oblem w it h Ex ple 4-and 29 CCI is t hat block s ser v ices ot her t han pr int Desig for aspir ingam CCNP E( r)it pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le ser lab vices. g uide Remov b uilds eont h e pr ecedin g f ilt er if y ou act ually config ur ed t h is on y our rou t er. Apply a SAP f ilt er t o per mit Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ever yt hing except pr in t ser vices, as in Ex am ple 430. Wh et her you n eed all t he no st at Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on tem he ent j ob,s is ICCNP OS v er siondependent . Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP acteical Tr oublesh g pny r ovides h in p ract icalr ve inf or Exa mPrpl 4 - St 3 0ud. ies: SAP Fil t e r oot t oinDe All yI ou PXw itPr t Se r smat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config)#no access-list 1005 r1(config)#interface ethernet 1 r1(config-if)#no ipx output-sap-filter 1005 •

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r1(config)#interface s0 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(config-if)#no ipx output-sap-filter 1005 By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config)#interface s1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1(config-if)#no ipx output-sap-filter 1005 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r1(config-if)#exit Pages: 84 0 r1(config)#access-list 1005 deny -1 7 r1(config)#access-list 1005 deny -1 47 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP oubleshoot r1(config)#access-list 1005Trpermit -1 ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(config)#interface e1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-if)#ipx output-sap-filter 1005 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1(config)#interface s0 ment w it hout t h e act ual equip r1(config-if)#ipx output-sap-filter 1005 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config)#interface I dent if y t r oublesh oots1 ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config-if)#ipx output-sap-filter 1005 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r1(config-if)#end Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop startup-config ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#copy running-config " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

NO AppTE ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s I npu t an d ou t pu t SAP filt er s ar e v ery ef fect ive. I n gener al y ou shou ld b lock Nov ell SAPs close t o t h eing sour ce as possib le.r)Anpryofnet w or k is per t ed d enle iedlab byguuide sin gb-uilds 1 , on Desigas ned for aspir CCNP and CCI E( essionals, t hismit ind ispor en sab w her eas any ser v ice is perm it t ed or denied usin g 0 . A com b in at ion of I PX st an dar d Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP access list s and SAP f ilt er s can accom plish q uit e a bit on t h e I PX scen e. SAP filt er s ar ej ob, Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he pop ular and usefu l, but be awar e of h ow Nov ell p rin t serv ices wor k s ( because t he CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealintplicat er SAP y m ust kn ow n ics. t o t he file ser v er ) . w or ldprap ionen oft rLAN andbe WAN t op CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

St at ic SAPs can be cr eat ed t o sim ulat e ser vices t hat w ould sh ow up w it h t he show i px ser ve rs com man d. Th e sy nt ax is as follow s:

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington router(config)#ipx

sapservice-type name network.node socket hop-count

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

The n et wor k84m Pages: 0 u st be in t he rou t er ' s I PX r out ing t ab le. Take a look at a SAP t ab le for m an y com mon SAP num ber s and t heir d escrip t ions. One way t o d o t his in a lab env ir onm en t is t o ent er ip x ne t w ork com m ands on loop back int er faces. Th en p oin t t h e st at ic SAPs t o t hem . Rem em ber t hat bot h I PX RI P and SAP obey sp lit hor izon. Set t ing up y our r out er s, t he Nov ell ser v er , an d t he clien t s; w or king w it h v arious com m and s; and Hand for healysis CCNPinTryou oubleshoot it h TCP/ LAN, anore d Wcom AN ftort r ouble per fors-mon ingprtact he ice p ack et tan r lab sh ing ouldexam h ave wmad e y ouI P, a lit t le m ab le w it h thow icketI sPX b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. w or ks. I 'll cer t ainly t est t h at ou t in t he u pcom in g Trou ble Tick et s. I PX is t h e m ain pr ot ocol at t he I n t er net Lay er for t h e I PX/ SPX st ack. Helper s such as ARP and Rever se Addr ess Wit h t his you (can: Resolut ionb ook, Prot ocol RARP) are not used w it h I PX because t he MAC ad dr ess is t h e nod e addr ess. Befor e y ou vent u re in t o t h e Tr ouble Tick et s, I ' ll spend a bit m ore t ime discussing addr essin g an d Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r out ing pr ot ocols as I cov er t he Tr an sp ort and App licat ion Lay ers. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Transport (Host-to-Host) Layer Protocols, Applications, and Utilities I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot d uelt ilit As y ou recall fr oming t het ools OSI an mod in ies Ch apt er 1, " Sh oot ing Trou ble," t he Tran sp ort Lay er is all abou t h ost - t o- host d eliv er y . I PX is a Lay er 3 unr eliab le con nect ion less dat agr am deliver y Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided pr ot ocol; it s Lay er 4 coun t er par t , reliable connect ion- or ien t ed SPX, is for t h ings su ch as r emot e Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g console and pr int ing . SPX I I is com pat ib le wit h SPX and in ad dit ion pr ovid es f eat ur es su ch as slid ing w inindow endt o-elop en ded larpge at a -pisolat ack etion s, and an or tderly r elease of a con Use st r us, ct or - d ev robdlem m et hods o r esolv e Tr ouble Ticknect et sion . Check out w w w .n ovell. com f or m or e det ails. Figur e 4- 1 2 d isp lays Sn iffer 's view of t h e SPX header for m at w hen I issued and f r om m y client . Feel fr ee t o cap t ur e y our ow n " Snif f" t he w ir e t tohe spRConsole ot n et w or comm k issu es RConsole session , open t he Sn if fer f ile ( chapt er 4 r em ot e con sole and spx sn if fer capt ur e ) or ju st v iew tAnaly he out fr om 2. zeput local andFigur r emeot4e 1access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a layFigu er ed trrou ing met h odology r eal- life rou tSPX ing and swit chin e 4blesh - 1 2oot . Ana ly zi ng t h et oRConsole Pack et g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( [CI View T) tfull op size ics tim hat age] p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wityhou t his b ook, you As hav e seen in can: t h e pr eviou s layer ed sub sect ions, aft er y ou hav e elim inat ed Phy sical Lay er issu es, p rot ocol con nect ion s ar e t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s t hat m ust be considered. Aft er t h e pr ot ocol conn ect ions h ave been conf ir m ed as operat ion al, it is t im e t o m ove up t o t h e Applicat ion SetI ucou p an f ollow along w it h trealw or ld t o licat eachions ex am t op ic, it h but or I Lay ers. ld dn ot b eg in t o cover h e vast varlab iet yscenar of up ios per-aligned lay er app in use t odway, w it hout t h e act ual equip ment w ill int r odu ce som e m or e of t he m aj or App licat ion Lay er pr ot ocols of t he I PX/ SPX suit e. Est baseline andbydocu ysicaling and Pr ep ar e ablish for t heanex t sect ion perfment or minygour t hephfollow : logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her tUse r oubSn leshoot t ools d uNov t ilitell iesser ver st ar t ing up ; use a confi g com m and on t he Nov ell iff er t oing capt u re an t he box an d a pi ng t o t h e Novell serv er fr om r 1. Save t he f ile as chapt er 4 st ar t up 80 23 ser v er Diagn oublesh oott ur act conf ig ose andand pin gt r sniff er cap e.u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use Sn iff er t o capt u re a client st ar t up on an 8 02. 3 net w or k. Brow se Net w or k Neigh bor hood Use st r uatct or - dsy evselop isolat et .hods r esolvSteaTr Tick s i se \ v ol1 , and in look t he v oluedm pe rob on lem t he -Nov ellion serm ver Nextt oselect rtouble > Run \ \etgw chooseSof t w ar e an d t hen Cli ent . Opt ionally, select W hoa m i b y r ight - clicking Net w or k " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Neig hbor hood . Sav e t he f ile as chapt er 4 client st ar t u p on 8 023 br ow se net n eigh and sys sniff er capt ur e. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Upper-Layer Protocols, Applications, and Utilities

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g At t heenv upiron per ment lay er ss of t h e I PX/ SPX pr ot ocol st ack, t he Nov ell Net W are Cor e Prot ocol ( NCP) is used by file serv er s and client s alik e f or ser v er rou t ines and file an d p r in t m anag em ent . Novell Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on client s m ake a GNS r equ est , an d Nov ell ser v er s or Cisco rou t ers can r espon d. Th is is possib le Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP because Cisco r out er s m ain t ain a RI P and SAP t able. How ever , t h e Cisco device is p olit e in t h at it Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, let s a Nov ell ser v er of t he r equest ed t y pe r espond if one ex ist s in t h e dir ect ion fr om w h er e t h e CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr eq uest w as hear d. When t he client f in ds a ser v er , it br oadcast s a RI P r eq uest t o locat e a r out e w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. t o t he serv er. Fin ally , t h e Novell clien t can sen d NCP r eq uest s t o log on and use t h e file syst em . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Analy ze t he Sniff er client st ar t u p f ile t hat you capt u r ed earlier as I d o in Figur e 4- 1 3 an d Figur e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

4- 1 4.

Figu r e 4 - 1 3 . Ana ly zi ng t h e I PX Cl ie nt St a r t up

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[ View full size im age]

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

r e 4 oot - 1 4act . Ana zi ngs by th e I PXingClalong ie nt wSt r t up Diagn ose andFigu t r oublesh u al prly oblem f ollow it haaut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s [ View full size im age]

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit hI PX t hisheader b ook, you The in fr can: am e 26 show s t he RI P r equest w her e t he sou rce ad dr ess is 0 .host bm ac an d t he dest in at ion is b road cast . The clien t does n ot act ually lear n it s I PX net w ork addr ess unt il aft er t he RI P r esp onse, as you can see in fr am e 3 3. Follow t he ov er all sequ en ce of messages in t h e Set u pman d fpane ollow falong w itthherealorPldr eq labuest scenar aligned t o ion each t op ic,ion, w it h or Snif fer sum ary or GNS, I PXwRI , t heios NCP connect anex d am negot iat w it hout t h e act ual equip ment includin g t h e v olu m e m ount ing . The I PX header in fr am e 32 display s t he sour ce and d est inat ion add ress as 0 , w hich m eans t h is w ire an d t he all FFFFFFFFFFFFs indicat e a br oadcast on t his w ir e. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k The NCP conn ect ion and negot iat ion occu rs in lines 83 t o 114 . Fram e 8 7 ment ion s t he I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her negot iat ion of get b ig packet m ax size w h er e it is negot iat ing t h e pat h MTU size. I PX uses pat h t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies MTU d iscov er y r at her t h an fr agm ent at ion. I t hink of t his por t ion of NCP as lik e Micr osof t ' s Ser v er Messag e Block ( SMB) p rot ocol. Fr am es 8 9 t o 92 sends t wo fu ll MTU- size echos t o por t 0x 400 2 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided for t est in g. ACK pack et s t ake u p sp ace and bur st m ode is t her e for w ind ow ing, w h ich can Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g im pr ove t hr ough put for file t r ansfer s. Net Ware in cr eases and decr eases t he gap bet w een p ack et s for w in dow Login st ar t s in ame , w ion heremSniff er sh s t hee bTrinder y obj Use ining. st r u ct or - d ev elop ed fp4r rob lem105 - isolat et hods t oow r esolv ouble Tickect et sin for m at ion for Adm inist rat or. NCP cont in ues t he m oun t ing of t he sy s v olum e and v olu m e 1 as w ell as t he Adm inist r at login. " Snif f" or t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

NO TE

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g The y iss a flat dat ab ase on each ser ver , w her eas Novell Dir ect or y Ser vices ( NDS) envbinder iron ment is a hier ar chical dat ab ase of all object s in dir ect or y t r ees and org anizat ional unit s. hou ghaspir you ing canCCNP use juand st bind t oday , m ostind Nov ops t ak eg uide adv ant age of DesigAlt ned for CCIer E(yr)ser prvices of essionals, t his ispell ensh sab le lab b uilds on t he capab ilit ies sin gle-in log ur poses usep ran m an age w or k r esour ces. Cisco( r) INDS nt er net w ork Troufor bleshoot g in ( CIpT) t op ics ttohat epdare y ou fornet t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Anot h er ex am ple of up per- lay er ser v ices is Net w or k Basic I n put / Out pu t Sy st em ( Net BI OS) . You enablePrNet OSStsup por t Tr onoublesh t h e client . Igt pisr ovides a Session er face f ororI mat BM an Micr CCNP actBI ical ud ies: oot in y ouLayer w it h pint ract ical inf iond on allosoft the . Pr act plicat s oft ral NettBI br ow sing Nett ion w or of k Neig hood and using m anyinof im porical t antapcon cepion t s cen o OS t h e include t r oubleshoot ing por t he hbor CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ g t he

com man d- line n et comm and s. Typ e ne t / ? at t h e client com m and pr om pt t o see t h e available net w or k comm an ds. For exam ple, I can t y pe ne t v i ew \ \ GW I SE t o see t he sy s v olu me and volu me 1 on m y serv er or t y pe ne t u se t o m ap a dr iv e. The ne t u se g: \ \ gw ise \ sy s com m and m aps t h e G: dr ive t o m y Net War e sy s v olum e, so I can get t o it as easily as I can t o my C: d riv e. Ty pe ne t conf ig t o see client and ser v er in for m at ion. Th ese com man ds an d ot h er s ar e v ery help fu l t r oubleshoot ing com man ds f or Window s- based client s, w het h er t hey are ru nnin g t h e Microsof t Client for Nov ell • Table of Content s Net w ork s or f or Micr osof t Net w or k s. •

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CCNP calpSt udi es: Trsu ouble As w itPhra cti any rot ocol it e, shoot y ou ing can

sp en d a lif et ime lear ning t h e sp ecifics of t h e upp er layer s. For By Donna I PX L. in Har parrington t icular, you m ight w ant t o sp en d m or e t im e r esear ch in g ND S, ZenWor ks, t he NLMs, an d ot her add - on m od ules for Nov ell and t hir d- p art y ser v ices r espon sib le for m anagem , f ile, p r in t , m essage, an d d at abase ser v ices. Pub lish er:ent Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Addressing Regar dless of w hat is happ en in g at t h e upp er lay er s, t he I PX ad dr essing sch em e is an int egr al par t of rou t ing. Net War e is a soft w ar e r out er . The r out in g t able consist s of uniqu e int er nal ( ser v er) and ext er nal ( w ir e) I PX num ber s. The int er nal net w ork num ber is int er nal t o t h e file •ser v er and alw Table Content aysofend s in s000 0. 000 0. 000 1. I t is a logical n et w or k t h at r out es p ack et s t o t he •ph ysical net wI ndex or ks t o w hich a serv er is at t ached. Think of it lik e a loop back int er face on a Cisco CCNP cti calex Sttudi ouble r out erP ra . The ernes: al Tr net w orshoot k nuing mb er is t he w ir e I D an alog ous t o a sub net in I P. Period ic brDonna oadcast arrington e sen t ou t on t h e w ir e, and t h e net w or k and encapsulat ion num ber s m ust m at ch By L. s Har ( as y ou saw in t he chapt er scenar io) . Pub lish er: Cisco Press

You view ed t h e r out er r out ing t ab le w it h show i px rou t e an d t he serv ices t able w it h show i px Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 ser ve rs. You can ev en see t he ser ver list f r om t he client w it h sli st / n li st . You v iew ed t he Nov ell 1- 58 -0 57 -0 v er w it h di sp la y ne t w ork s an d t he Nov ell SAP t able w it h di sp la y r out ingI SBN: t ab le on720 t he ser ser ve Pages: rs. 84 0 Net War e addr esses consist of an 80- bit net w or k. h ost h ex num ber . The net w ork num ber is 3 2 bit s—an 8- d ig it h ex n um ber w her e t he leading 0 s ar e su ppr essed. The host ( node) num ber is 4 8 bit s, or a 6- d igit h ex n um ber . Becau se t he MAC add ress is t h e node ad dr ess, t h er e is n o need for ARP an pr I PX onm en CCNP t . Hexad ecim al is Base16, w hweriteh tTCP/ h e digit 0 t o an 9 and t he t let t er s A t o F Handin s- on actenv iceirfor t he Tr oubleshoot ing exam I P, sLAN, d W AN r ouble ar e av ailab le. Th e follow ing Cisco comm an ds ar e qu it e helpfu l f or addr essing : t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: show i px i nt e rfa ce br ie f show pxdi nt e rfa ce int erf Set u p i an f ollow along wace it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment show pr ot ocols Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

NO TE

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Nov ell st of(fer t heand Novell Net w ork Regist rye, w hich is a inp ser ut vice t ot put assign t r ack Cat aly r ) sOS Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar com m and , ou , andand loggin g I PX net w or k add resses an d or g anizat ion n am es. Th e Regist ry assign s a cont ig uous b lock of add u niqu o y our anizat ion. Th is m w ay w hent ocom paneies m er geTick or w Useresses in st r u ct or - deevt elop ed org p rob lem - isolat ion et hods r esolv Tr ouble etant s to int er con nect , t he n um ber s ar e en sur ed t o be un ique. Send an e- mail t o r"eg istf" r y t@nov 7-es 75 06 t o r eceiv e a copy of t he Nov ell Net w or k Snif he w irell. e com t o sp or ot ncall et w408 or k 57 issu Regist r y if you ar e st ill using I PX. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e How d o y ou det er m ine t h e net w or k num b er ? You could ask someone, u se Cisco Discov er y Pr ot ocol App(ly CDaP) lay , or er ed uset rou t h eblesh Net War oot ing e confi met h g odology com m and t o ratealt he life f ilerou ser t ing ver and console. swit chin g env iron ment s You hav e cer t ainly w it n essed pr act ical exam ples of w her e y ou n eed t o k now addr essin g. Anot her Desig ple exam nedisforanaspir access ing list CCNP . Unlike and CCI I P, E( I PX r) st prandar of essionals, d access t his listind s ( 800 isp ent osab 899 le )lab includ g uide e bot b uilds h sour once Cisco( and dest r) Iinat nt erion netadd w ork resses. Trou bleshoot Ther eforine,g m ( CI any T) tthin op ics gs tcan hat be p r ep accomp are y ou lished for tw heit hCCNP eit her a st andar d Tr oubleshoot ACL or a SAPing f ilt er exam ( 1 000 . Full t o of 109 pr9) act . ical I f y ou ex er need cisesext h t en at ded g et pyrou ot ocol r eady or f sock or challenges et capab ilit onies, t he j ob, CCNP ext endPr edact I PX icalACLs St ud(ies: 9 00Tr t ooublesh 9 99) proot ovin ide g gt hat ives. y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Routing Protocols As m ent ioned in t h e pr ecedin g chap t er, rou t ing pr ot ocols hav e t heir ow n uniq ue char act er ist ics, an d encapsulat ion t yp es hav e a b ig im pact on t h em . Und er st and ing how t h ey w ork w ill cert ain ly assist y t r oub leshoot ing t h em now an d lat er . Most of t he st at ist ics list ed for each can be f oun d w it h I OS com •show pr ot ocols Table an of Content s i px rou t e. Logging , debu gging , and Snif fer ar e cert ain ly valuab le t ools d show •det ail w hen tIrndex oubleshoot ing , t oo. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

The f ollow in grington su bsect ions By Donna L. Har

b r ief ly ex am ine t he RI P, NLSP, an d EI GRP I PX r out ing pr ot ocols. This disc y ou u nder st and t he b asic backg rou nd and t heor y of each of t hese r out ing p rot ocols and t h er efor e f o app licat ion. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

IPX RIP Pages: 84 0

I PX RI P is t he d ef ault dist ance vect or r out in g p rot ocol for I PX. I t is en abled au t om at ically w hen y ou r out ing . The I PX RI P m et r ics ar e t ick s ( 1/ 1 8 of a second ) and t h en hop s. When you p rev iou sly issue ne t w ork s com m and on t he Nov ell ser v er , t h e t icks/ hop s follow ed t he net w or k nu mb er . Th e WAN in t icks is 6. Th e LAN in t er f ace d ef ault t ick s is 1 . To chan ge t h e t icks v alue on an int er face, use t h e foll Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble conf ig ur at ion com m and: t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ipx delay I dent if y[0-65535] t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Nov ell ad ded t he Ser vice Adv ert isem en t Pr ot ocol ( SAP) ( not t o b e con fu sed w it h I EEE 802 .2 LLC ser Use u ct d ev elop ed p robThis lem is - isolat mers et hods t o r esolv Tr ouble et s ices an d addr es point s) t oinit st s rRI Por im- plement at ion. how ion serv br oadcast ( adever t ise) t Tick he serv av ailab le. Cisco rou t er s d o not f orw ar d indiv idual SAPs; inst ead , t hey b uild SAP t ables ju st as t h ey " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es These t ables ar e br oadcast ev er y 6 0 seconds in an I PX RI P en vir onm ent . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Con figu ring I PX RI P is as sim ple as t u rn in g on I PX rou t ing. I f y ou can 't use t h e show i px rou t e com cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, not hav e I PX r out in g t ur ned on ; if y ou can 't t ur n t hat on, y ou m ay need a diff erent I OS f eat ur e set aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e m ust w or r y abou t h aving enou gh mem or y t o sup por t t he new I OS w it h t he app r opr iat e feat ur e set . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on NO TE Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, To sav e y ou a lit t le fr ust r at ion, t he g lob al conf ig ur at ion com m and t o t ur n off I PX RI P is no rou CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e NLSP and EI GRP ar e v iab le alt er nat iv es for I PX RI P. NLSP is Nov ell's lin k- st at e r ou t ing pr ot ocol, and im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

pr opr iet ar y rou t ing pr ot ocol t h at sup por t s m ult iple r out ed pr ot ocols ( including I PX) .

NLSP Net War e Link Ser v ices ( St at e) Pr ot ocol ( NLSP) h as sev eral adv ant ages ov er I PX RI P. I t is m ore scal com plet e map of t h e net w or k rat her t han j ust n ex t - hop inf or mat ion . I t w as d esign ed t o replace RI P •global net w orTable s ks wof it hContent less over head. As it s nam e descr ibes, NLSP is a link - st at e r out ing pr ot ocol t ha •and serv ice ch I ndex anges, not per iodic up dat es. Reliab ilit y is in cr eased and r out ing is im pr ov ed especiall CCNP ra cti cal header St udi es: com Tr ouble shoot ingan d mu lt icast addr essing t o all NLSP r ou t er s. t hr ouPgh I PX pr ession By Donna L. Har rington

Search at Cisco.com f or " conf igur e n lsp" for help w it h t his r ou t in g pr ot ocol. The f ollow ing sit e is v er I PX- r elat ed rou t ing pr ot ocols and samp le con figu r at ion s, t oo: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub April 0 4, 20 03 w Dat w we:.cisco. com / univ ercd/

cc/ t d / doc/ pr oduct / sof t w are/ ios121 / 121 cg cr / at ip x_ c/ ipx / 2 cd ip xex . ht

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

EIGRP Nov ell ser ver s do not und er st and t he Enh anced I GRP ( EI GRP) r out ing p rot ocol. How ever , EI GRP is a for I PX on t he LAN and EI GRP on t he WAN. Table 4 - 9 illust r at es some I PX EI GRP config ur at ion an d Hand s- onds. pr Redist act ice rfor he CCNP oubleshoot ingbexam w itI PX h TCP/ P, GRP LAN,un anless d WyAN ouble com man ibutt ion occu rsTraut om at ically et ween and I EI ou ttrur n t his feat u re tre icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. di st rib ut e . Ot her r easons for I PX on t h e LAN and EI GRP on t he WAN inclu de t h e increased n et w o incr em ent al SAP up dat es. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Tab le 4 -9 . I PX EI GRP Conf i gur a t i on a n d Tr oub le sh oot in g Com m a

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Ta sk I P X EI GRPCom m a nd I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub ingprt ocess ools an d u t ilit En able t heleshoot rou t ing using anies AS n um ber r 1( conf ig) # ip x rou t er e ig rp 1 0 0 Con figu re ose t he dir con nect edact net w or confing ig- ipx - r outwer) ne h tw ork 516 Diagn andectt rly oublesh oot u al prks oblem s byr 1( f ollow along it h#aut orp r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r 1( conf ig- ipx - r out er) # ne t w ork 5 3 2 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r 1( conf ig- ipx - r out er) # ne t w ork 5 8 0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r 1( conf ig- ipx - r out er) # ne t w ork 1 0 1 1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r 1( confbigipx -idt r out # e ndCD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, andw h, er) CSMA/ aut o negotpiat ion,etaddr morige ipx - r out er) # no re di st r ibu t e ? Miscellaneous aram ers essing , encapsulat ion, and r 1( conf App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology rt o eal-iglifeipx rou inger) and chin 1( rconf - r tout # ipswit x he ll o-g i nt e rv al e ig rp env iron ment s r 1( conf ig- ipx - r out er) # ip x hol d- t i m e ei gr p ? Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics rt 1( hat p r ep conf ig-are ipx -yrou outfor er) #t he noCCNP ipx sp li t - hor iz on ei g Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an ovipx er -trhe it ion t hrinough r 1(edg confeigoutcom er) #pet ip x sapcr emr eealnt a l ei g w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r 1( conf ig- ipx - r out er) # di st rib ut e - l ist ASnu m b er CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por r 1(t ion confof ig)t #heipCCNP x ba ck cer u pt ificat se rv ion, er - includ qu er yinin g t er va l

Mon it or I PX EI GRP

r 1# show i px e igr p ? r 1# show i px e igr p ne igh bors ? r 1# show i px e igr p t opolog y ? r 1# show i px e igr p rout e ?

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r 1# show i px e igr p t ra ff ic ?

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

As m ent ioned in Ch apt er 3, ind ividu al r out ing p rot ocols ar e book s in t hem selv es. Th e r out ing t ab le st ar t t r oub leshoot in g; if r out es ar e m issing , how ev er , u lt im at ely t h at m ay depend on Phy sical or Da Pub lish Cisco neighb or er: r elat ionPress sh ip s, and/ or t opology t ables. Cisco does a g reat job at assist in g you w it h I P and I Publeshoot Dat e: April t r oub ing0, 4,as20y03 ou can see in Figur e 4- 1 5. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Figu r e 4 - 1 5 . Tr oub le sh oot in g N ove ll I P a nd I PX I ssue s

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble [ View full size im age] t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s I f you ar e st ill using Nov ell's I PX in y our en vir onm ent , look up som e of t h e case st u dies displayed in Desig aspir CCIeE( r) er prs. of They essionals, his ind sab le labergsuide uildsers) on on a g Ot h er ned t roufor blesh ooting ing CCNP issuesand includ t im m ust t mat ch isp beten w een r out ( andb serv Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ot her w ise r ou t es/ serv ices ap pear t o com e an d g o, r esult in g in int er m it t en t conn ect ions. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPitPrisact ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot g g et ives y ou pan petsever it ion al t hrt hough Now t im e for t he chapt er Tr oub leinTick s. The lanedg h ere eovisert ot he givcom e y ou in gs tr oealdo, let w or of LAN t op ow ics.n , and t o int r oduce ot h er pr oblems t hat you should hav e s m istld akap esplicat and fion ix som e t h and ings WAN on y our w it h as a sup por t p er son. Sh oot ing t r ouble w it h I PX can be as easy as dr op ping t he X, w hich m ay in CCNP acteical udWAN. ies: TrHow oublesh p r ovides ou waitvhiable p ractone ical for inf or on Tick all t et h es. Th e I PX app ropPrriat on St t he everoot , t hinatg solut ion isy not t hmat e Trion ouble im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g st ar t w her e t he ch apt er leaves of f for t h e client , ser ver , an d r out er conf igur at ions.

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Tickets Com plet e t h e follow ing Tr ouble Ticket s in or der . Use t h e t ools f rom t his and t h e pr evious chapt er s t o analy ze, t est , an d docum en t as you go. Feel fr ee t o cr eat e y our ow n ph ysical layer pr oblem s if you n eed mor e p ract ice t her e. Sam ple solut ions ar e p rov ided aft er t h is sect ion. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Trouble Ticket 1 By Donna L. Har rington

Set u p each rou t er so t hat w hen you pin g a ser ial int er face y ou are pingin g t he w ir e lish Press nu mPub b er . rer: outCisco er nu m ber. Use num b er s such as all 1s for r 1, all 2s f or r 2, an d so on. D isplay t he Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 r out er and int er face conf igur at ion for all rou t ers as I do for r1 in t he solut ion. Ping a serial I SBN: 58 720 -0 t er t o v erif y connect ivit y . Docum ent w it hin t he conf igur at ion r ig ht befor e int er face on1-anot h-0 er57rou y ou p ing t he84ot Pages: 0 h er rou t er' s ser ial in t er f ace.

Trouble Ticket 2 Hand s- on prfract ice Trkoubleshoot it h TCP/ an dserv W AN Ch ange t he am e tfor y pet he f orCCNP n et w or 51 6 t o 80 ing 2. 2.exam Pin g fwr om r 1 t oI P, t h eLAN, Novell er tt or ouble ver ify tconnect icket s bivit ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. y . I ssue an ex t end ed t r ace, t oo. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Trouble Ticket 3 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it thout t h eing actpr ual equip ment Ch ange he r out ot ocols so t h at y ou ar e using RI P on t h e Novell LAN and EI GRP f or ever yt hing else w it h an AS nu m ber of 100 . Con figu re t he WAN lin ks b et ween r2 and r 3 t o load Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k balance if possible. View t he r out in g t able and use d eb ug t o w at ch t he r out in g and SAP up dat es. Sav e t he d at a t o a log f ile f or lat er r ev iew. Mak e sur e t her e ar e no filt er s or ACLs b lock ing I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her any t hin g. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Cat alyTicket st ( r ) OS 4 and Trouble

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use Sn iff er t o capt u re t he Nov ell ser ver st ar t up . Ping it w h en it is u p fr om r 1. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and Trouble Ticket 5

r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Use Sn iff er t o capt u re t he host b client st ar t up on 802 .2 . Verif y connect ivit y t hr ough all lay er s. Set t h e client set t o t he w r ong fr am e t y pe. Wh at hap pens? App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing Trouble Ticket 6 CCNP and

CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ingasexam Full of pryou act ical ex er t h at g et yer ouscenar r eady iof ordiagr challenges on tthin he gs j ob, Use t ools su ch CDP.t o assist in upd atcises ing you r chapt am . Label such CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r as d ev ice t yp es, I OS v er sions, node addr esses, w ire ad dr esses, cab le sp ecs, r out ed/ r ou t in gealw ap plicat pror otld ocols, andion so of on.LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Tickets Solutions These solu t ions ar e not alw ays t he on ly way t o p er for m t hese t ask s. How ever , t he upcom ing chapt er scenar ios are based on t hese solu t ions. •

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Trouble Ticket 1 Solution CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Ex am ple 4- 31 an d Ex am ple 4- 32 illust r at e t h e ip x rou t ing com m and on each of t he r ou t er s. I used 1111 . 111 1. 111 1 f or r 1, but 1. 1. 1 w ould also w ork j ust fine. Th is opt ional n ode com m and Pub lish Cisco Pressin g ser ial int er faces easier because you ar e not j ust hav ing t h em m akes t r er: ou bleshoot Pub Dat e: Apriluse 0 4, t20 aut om at ically he03MAC ad dr ess f r om an available Et her net , Tok en Rin g, or FDD I int er face I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 e -0 f am iliar w it h for all ser ial int er faces on t he r out er . Th e show i px bu t r at her on e y ou ar in t er fa ce ser Pages: 84 0ial 0 com m and is a quick w ay t o see t h at t h e ser ial 0 int er face is ut ilizing t he I PX r out ing nod e y ou conf igur ed.

Exa m pl e 4 - 3 1 . I PX Tr oub le Tick et 1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you r1(config)#ipx routing can: ? H.H.H IPX address of this router Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config)#ipx routingand 1111.1111.1111 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1(config)#end t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1#show ipx serial Diagn ose interface and t r oublesh oot act0u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s IPX address is 1011.1111.1111.1111 [up] " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Delay of this IPX network, in ticks is 6 throughput 0 link delay 0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h IPXWAN cabling, processing sp eed and not du plex enabled , u t ilizaton ionthis and collisions, interface. b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e IPX SAP update interval is 60 seconds App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ... env iron ment s Desig ned running-config for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1#show Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Building configuration... CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Current configuration: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e version 12.0 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption hostname r1 •

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enable secret 5 $1$m0s2$Pq/6.NpOCSzhbQlNy.cnG/ • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

enable password donna By Donna L. Har rington

ip subnet-zero Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ipxPub routing Dat e: April1111.1111.1111 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

ipx ping-default novell Pages: 84 0 interface Ethernet0 ... Hand s- on running-config pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1#copy startup-config t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ex amSet ple 4I PX r out w ing anords t hr ough r 5. My t test showex s am a ping t o rw2 its0h . or u p32 ansh d fows ollow along it hcomm real- w ld on labr 2scenar ios aligned o each t op ic, Rem em b er t o save all t he conf igur at ions. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl e 4 - 3 2 . Con f igu r in g I PX Rout in g on r 2 Th r ou gh r 5 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r2(config)#ipx routing 2222.2222.2222 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r3(config)#ipx routing 3333.3333.3333 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r4(config)#ipx " Snif f" t he w irrouting e t o sp ot4444.4444.4444 n et w or k issu es r5(config)#ipx 5555.5555.5555 Analy ze localrouting and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r2#show interface aut o ipx negot iat ion, addrserial essing , 0encapsulat ion, and mor e Serial0 protocol is met up h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App lyisa up, lay erline ed t rou blesh oot ing env iron ment s IPX address is 564.2222.2222.2222 [up] Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ... Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical 564.2222.2222.2222 St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2#ping ipx w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ... CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant5, con100-byte cep t s cen t IPX ral t oNovell t h e t r oubleshoot ing 564.2222.2222.2222, por t ion of t he CCNP certimeout t ificat ion, is includ in g Sending Echoes to

2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms r1#!!!now pinging r2s0 from r1 •

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r1#ping ipx 564.2222.2222.2222 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

By Donna L. Har rington Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5,Cisco 100-byte IPX Novell Echoes to 564.2222.2222.2222, Pub lish er: Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

timeout is 2 seconds: I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent(5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/8 ms r1# Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Trouble Ticket 2 Solution

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Con figu re t he Nov ell ser ver w it h t he un bin d an d bi nd com m ands or t he in et cf g b inding s m en u ( loa dEst in ablish et cfg ) aas w ell as and t he rdocu 1 intment er facey our connect ed t oand w irelogical 516. The baseline ph ysical n et wcom or k m ands f or r 1 are in Ex am ple 4- 33. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Exa m pl e 4 - 3 3 . I PX Tr oub le Tick et 2 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem r1(config)#interface ethernet 0 - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1(config-if)#ipx encapsulation ? Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h arpa IPX Ethernet_II cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e hdlc HDLC on serial links App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g novell-ether env iron ment s IPX Ethernet_802.3 sapned for aspir ing IEEE 802.2 Token tRing, Desig CCNP and on CCI Ethernet, E( r) pr of essionals, his ind and isp enFDDI sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP snap IEEE 802.2 Ethernet, FDDI Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr SNAP act icalon ex er cises t h at gToken et y ou Ring, r eady fand or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr1(config-if)#ipx encapsulation sap w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-if)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#show ipx servers Codes: S - Static, P - Periodic, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, H - Holddown, + = detail U - Per-user static 4 Total IPX Servers •

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Table ordering is based on routing and server info CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Type Name

Net

Address

Port

Route Hops Itf

By Donna L. Har rington

P

4 GWISE

346648E2.0000.0000.0001:0451

2/01

1

Et0

346648E2.0000.0000.0001:8104

2/01

1

Et0

P

26B GWISE_TREE___________ 346648E2.0000.0000.0001:0005

2/01

1

Et0

P

278 GWISE_TREE___________ 346648E2.0000.0000.0001:4006

2/01

1

Et0

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

P

107 GWISE Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r1#show ipx interface brief Hand s- on pr act ice for t heIPX CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam wStatus it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t rIPX ouble Interface Network Encapsulation State t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Ethernet0 516 SAP up [up] Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ethernet1

532

NOVELL-ETHER

up

[up]

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Serial0 1011 HDLC up [up] w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Serial1 uplogical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline 580 and docu ment HDLC y our ph ysical and

[up]

r1#ping I dentipx if y t 346648e2.0.0.1 r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Sending 5, 100-byte IPX Novell Echoes to 346648E2.0000.0000.0001, timeout is Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 2Cat seconds: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g !!!!!Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snifrate f" t he is w ir 100 e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Success percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1#trace cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Protocol [ip]:iatipx App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Target IPX address: 346648e2.0.0.1 env iron ment s Numeric display [n]: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Timeout in seconds [3]: Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealProbe count [3]: w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Minimum Time toudLive CCNP Pr act ical St ies: Tr[0]: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Maximum Time to Live [1]: Verbose [n]: Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 346648E2.0000.0000.0001 • •

0

*

*

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

1

*

*

*

By Donna L. Har rington

... tracing the route using Diagnostic Requests Pub lish er: Cisco Press

2Pub 346648E2.0000.0000.0001 (GWISE) 0 msec 8 msec 8 msec Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icketNov s b ased on Cisco n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in gs (bCI T) t se opics. ell echoes ar e Ibeing sen t in t he p ing packet ecau t he ip x pi ng- de fa ult nov el l com man d w as pr ev iously issued in t he chap t er . Look at y our r1 conf igur at ion t o v er if y Wit h tthis. his bI fook, it is you n ot can: t here, t h e defau lt is t o send Cisco Ech oes, w h ich t he Nov ell ser v er w ould not und er st and . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment Trouble Ticket 3 Solution

y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Ex amtple 4-leshoot 34 illust r attes t he r oub ing ools anEI d GRP u t ilit con ies figu rat ion on t he rou t er s. As f ar as t h e log f ile, I used a Secu reCRT session, b ut you could hav e used t he Hy perTer m , Tr ansfer m enu, Capt u re Tex t m et hod, or ose opt ions om ot h er t eract mu inal em ulat ors by p rog ram s. Diagn and tfrr oublesh oot al pr oblem f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use elop p rob - isolat Exa m plin e st4r -u 3ct4or.- dI ev PX Tredoub lelem Tick et ion 3 m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1(config)#ipx router eigrp 100 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config-ipx-router)#network 580 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1(config-ipx-router)#network 1011 env iron ment s r1(config-ipx-router)#end Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r1#copy running-config Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full startup-config of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2(config)#ipx router eigrp w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN100 t op ics. r2(config-ipx-router)#network CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot548 in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2(config-ipx-router)#network 564 r2(config-ipx-router)#exit r2(config)#ipx maximum-paths 2 r2(config)#end •

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r2#copy running-config startup-config CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r3(config)#ipx router eigrp 100 By Donna L. Har rington

r3(config-ipx-router)#network 548 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r3(config-ipx-router)#network 564 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r3(config-ipx-router)#network 580 Pages: 84 0

r3(config-ipx-router)#exit r3(config)#ipx maximum-paths 2 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r3(config)#end t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r3#copy running-config startup-config Wit h t his b ook, you can: r4(config)#ipx router eigrp 100 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r4(config-ipx-router)#network 1022 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r4(config-ipx-router)#end Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r4#copy startup-config I dentrunning-config if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5(config)#ipx router eigrp 100 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r5(config-ipx-router)#network Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r )1011 Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5(config-ipx-router)#end " Snifrunning-config f" t he w ir e t o sp otstartup-config n et w or k issu es r5#copy Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e On e m ajor t h ing is missing fr om t h e pr eceding ex amp le as a r esult of y ou already hav in g I PX App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g conf ig ur ed on t he rou t ers. I ssu e de bug i px r ou t in g ev ent s and de bug i px sap e ve nt s t o giv e env iron ment s y ou som e hin t s and f ix t he issu es as I do in Ex am ple 4- 35. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Exa m pl e 4ing - 3 exam 5 . Tur n inofgprOf I PX RIcises P t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot . Full actfical ex er CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical Stipx ud ies: Tr oublesh r1(config)#no router rip oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config)#ipx router rip r1(config-ipx-router)#network 516 r1(config-ipx-router)#network 532 r1(config-ipx-router)#end •

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r1#copy running-config startup-config CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r2(config)#no ipx router rip Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r2(config)#ipx rip Pub Dat e: April 0 4, router 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r2(config-ipx-router)#network 532 Pages: 84 0

r2(config)#end r2#copy running-config startup-config Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r3(config)#no ipx router rip Wit h t his b ook, you can: r3(config)#ipx router rip Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r3(config-ipx-router)#network 596 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r3(config-ipx-router)#end Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r3#copy startup-config I dentrunning-config if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r4(config)#no ipxand router Cat aly st ( r ) OS Cisco rip I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r4(config)#end " Snifrunning-config f" t he w ir e t o sp otstartup-config n et w or k issu es r4#copy Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion,router addr essing r5(config)#no ipx rip , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r5(config)#end env iron ment s r5#copy running-config startup-config Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Ex am ple 4- 36 d isp lays t he I PX r out in g t ab le. Not ice t h e EI GRP- lear ned rou t es and t he mu lt ip le pat h s Pr t o act getical t o St you destTr inat ion. I PX load alancinygou is w not abled . Byon defau CCNP udr ies: oublesh oot in g p br ovides it h en p ract icalbyinfdefault or mat ion all tlth et he I OS split s tt rant aff ic oncep a pt sercen - pack War e NCP not of hand out - of - or der pack et s witinh gin a im por con t ralett obasis; t h e t r Net oubleshoot ing does por t ion t he leCCNP cer t ificat ion, includ

bu rst gr acef ully. I t uses per - host load balan cing .

Exa m pl e 4 - 3 6 . I PX Loa d Sha r in g

r2#show ipxTable route • of Content s •

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Codes: C cal - St Connected primary CCNP P ra cti udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing network,

c - Connected secondary network

By Donna L. Har rington

S - Static, F - Floating static, L - Local (internal), W - IPXWAN

Pub lishR er: -Cisco PressE RIP,

- EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A - Aggregate

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 720 -0 57 -0 s -1- 58 seconds,

u - uses, U - Per-user static

Pages: 84 0

9 Total IPX routes. Up to 2 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed. No default route known. C 532 (NOVELL-ETHER), Et0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. C 548 (HDLC), Se1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: C 564 (HDLC), E

E

E

Se0

via 564.3333.3333.3333, age 00:43:45,u, Set u p516 an d[41049600/1] f ollow along w it h realw or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am Se0 t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment via 548.3333.3333.3333, age 00:43:45, 0u, Se1 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 580 [41024000/0] via 564.3333.3333.3333, age 00:44:10, 1u, Se0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an dvia u t ilit ies 548.3333.3333.3333, age 00:44:10, 0u, Se1 Diagn596 ose and t r oublesh ootvia act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing age along w it h aut h orp r ovided [40514560/1] 564.3333.3333.3333, 00:44:10, 1u, Se0 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g via 548.3333.3333.3333, age 00:44:10, 0u, Se1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

E

E

1011 [41536000/0] via 564.3333.3333.3333, age 00:43:50,1u, Se0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es age Se1w it h Analy ze local and r em ot evia access548.3333.3333.3333, pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or00:43:50, ks, in clud ing0u, issues cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, via 548.3333.3333.3333, aut o 1022 negot[41024000/0] iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e age 00:44:15, 1u, Se1

App ly a lay er ed t rou bleshvia oot ing 564.3333.3333.3333, met h odology t o r eal- lifeage rou t00:44:15, ing and swit0u, chin gSe0 env iron ment s E 346648E2 [270336000/2] via 564.3333.3333.3333, age 00:22:02,93u, Se0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on via in g548.3333.3333.3333, agey ou 00:22:02,0u, Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are for t he CCNP Se1 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r2# CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 4 Solution I p er for m ed t he pr ot ocol an alyzer capt u re and sav ed it as chapt er 4 st ar t up 80 22 ser v er con fig and ping sn if fer capt u re . Look at Figur e 4- 1 6 or you r Snif fer capt ur e t o exam ine t he dif fer en ces bet w een I PX ov er 80 2. 3 and 802 .2 f ram es. •

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Figu r e 4 - 1 6 . 8 0 2 .2 Se r ve r

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

[ View full size im age]

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Trouble Ticket 5 Solution

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

I p er for m ed t he pr ot ocol an alyzer capt u re and sav ed it as chapt er 4 b ring up aut o client on Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 80 2. 2 ser ver sniff er cap t ur e . Look at Figur e 4- 1 7 or you r Snif fer capt ur e t o analy ze t he lay er s cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, and t h e incorr ect f ram e t y pe. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Figu r e 4 - 1 7 . 8 0 2 .2 Cli en t

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, sizean im age] CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g[ View g ivesfully ou edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit hw ork t his Neigh b ook,bor you can:is one w ay t o v er ify all t he lay ers. I f y ou h ave pr oblems wit h t h at , t r y t h e Net hood Find Com put er select ion or t he ne t v i ew com m and and capt u re t he r esu lt s in t h e pr ot ocol analy zer. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or hout e act ual equip Whenwyitou sett h t he client t o t hement w r ong fr am e t y pe, t h e Novell Pr im ary Net w or k Log in d oes not display , bu t t h e Clien t f or Micr osof t d oes. Ot her sym p t oms inclu de Net w or k Neigh bor hood Est ablish andicon docu ment y our ph ysical and et w or k t clien t d oes p oint y ou show ing t he Entairbaseline e Net w ork only . You can't br ow se it , logical bu t t h enMicrosof t o t he Net w or k Trou blesh oot er . That shou ld g ive y ou anot h er t ool f or you r bag , bu t m or e I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her im por t ant ly lead you t o t he issue of an incorr ect f ram e t yp e. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Trouble Cat alyTicket st ( r ) OS 6 and Solution Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and

in st r utct - d eveelop - isolat m et hods t o rple esolv Tick et sw it h upd at ing I h aveUse h ighligh edorsom of ted he phrob elp lem ful out pu t ion of CDP in Ex am 4- e37Trt ouble o assist you y our chap t er scenar io diag ram . Check you r w or k against Figur e 4- 1 . " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h

Exa m pl e 4 sp - 3eed 7 . Iand PXduTr oub Tick cabling, plex , u tle ilizat ion et and6collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron s r1#show cdpment neighbors detail Desig nedID: for r2 aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Device Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Entry address(es): CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Novell address: 532.0000.0c38.a05d CCNP Pr act ical St ud2500, ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Platform: cisco Capabilities: Router im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Interface: Ethernet1,

Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0

Holdtime : 124 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software •

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IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(21a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Copyright

1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.

By Donna L. Har rington

Compiled Sat 02-Feb-02 02:08 by nmasa Pub lish er: Cisco Press

------------------------Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Device ID: r3 Pages: 84 0 Entry address(es): Novell address: 580.3333.3333.3333 Hand s- on prcisco act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshootRouter ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Platform: 3640, Capabilities: t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Interface: Serial1, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0/0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Holdtime : 138 sec Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Version : t h e act ual equip ment w it hout CiscoEstInternetwork Operating System Software ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k IOS (tm) Software (C3640-JS-M), Version I dent if3600 y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace,12.0(13), sh ow , clearRELEASE , debu g, SOFTWARE an d ot her (fc1) t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Copyright 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Compiled Cat alyTue st ( r )05-Sep-00 OS and Cisco 21:39 I OS(by r ) Sof linda t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ------------------------" Snif f" t he Device ID: r5 w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h EntryAnaly address(es): cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion,1011.5555.5555.5555 addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Novell address: App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Platform: cisco 2516, Capabilities: Router env iron ment s Interface: Port (outgoing port): tSerial0 Desig ned for Serial0, aspir ing CCNP andID CCI E( r) pr of essionals, his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Holdtime : ing 163exam sec . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealVersion : w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Cisco System Software CCNP PrInternetwork act ical St ud ies:Operating Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(21a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright

1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Sat 02-Feb-02 02:08 by nmasa

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Ex am ple 4- 37 illust r at es t hat r 1' s dir ect ly conn ect ed neig hbor s ar e r 2, r3 , and r 5. Com par e t his CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing out p ut t o Figur e 4- 1 an d add not es such as r 2 is conn ect ed t o r 1 v ia t he r1 e1 r 2e0 Et her net link By Donna rington w it h an L. exHar t ern al I PX n et w or k nu m ber of 532 . The r 2 I OS is 12. 0( 2 1a) . CDP assist s you w it h MAC add resses, t oo. For ex am ple, look at r 3 and r 5 w here t he MAC add resses m at ch t he n ode y ou specif Pubied lish er: t o Cisco use Press for ser ial int er faces in t h e fir st Tr oub le Tick et . The r1 dev ice con nect s t o r 3 via it s s1 in t erDat f ace and0 4, t o20r 503v ia it s s0 in t erf ace. At a m inim um , also docum en t t h e fr am e t y pes w her e Pub e: April I PX is concern ; -0 show I SBN: 1- 58ed 720 57 -0 i px i nt e rfa ce br ie f can help w it h t h at . Ot h er helpfu l docum ent at ion com man ds includ e show i px rou t e, sh ow pr ot ocol s, an d so on, w hich you shou ld p er for m on Pages: 84 0 all y our r out er s t o get com for t ab le w it h y our en vir onm ent . Ex am ple 4- 38 d isp lays CDP inf orm at ion for r2 .

Exa m pl e 4 - 3 8 . CDP on r 2

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2>show cdp neigh detail Device r3d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or SetID: u p an w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Entry address(es): Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Novell address: 548.3333.3333.3333 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot t ools an d u t ilit ies Platform: ciscoing 3640, Capabilities: Router Diagn ose and t r oublesh ootID act(outgoing u al pr oblemport): s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Interface: Serial1, Port Serial0/2 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Holdtime : 126 sec Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Version : " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es CiscoAnaly Internetwork System Software ze local and Operating r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, IOS (tm) 3600 iat Software (C3640-JS-M), Version RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) aut o negot ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and 12.0(13), mor e Copyright cisco Inc.t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App ly a 1986-2000 lay er ed t rouby blesh oot ingSystems, met h odology env iron ment s Compiled Tue 05-Sep-00 21:39 by linda Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ------------------------Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Device ID:ical r3St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Entry address(es): CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im Novell por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g address: 564.3333.3333.3333

Platform: cisco 3640, Interface: Serial0,

Capabilities: Router

Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0/1

Holdtime : 125 sec Version : •

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•Cisco Internetwork I ndex Operating System Software CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna IOS (tm) L. Har 3600 rington Software (C3640-JS-M), Version 12.0(13), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

Copyright Pub lish er:

1986-2000 Cisco Press

by cisco Systems, Inc.

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Compiled Tue 05-Sep-00 21:39 by linda I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 -------------------------

Device ID: r1 Entry address(es): Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket Novell s b ased address: on Cisco532.0000.0c8d.6706 I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you 2500, can: Platform: cisco

Capabilities: Router

Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Holdtime : 131 sec Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Version : I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Ciscot r oub Internetwork Operating Software leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilitSystem ies IOS (tm) Software Version 12.0(21a), (fc1) Diagn2500 ose and t r oublesh(C2500-JS-L), oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along RELEASE w it h aut hSOFTWARE or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Copyright 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Compiled Sat 02-Feb-02 02:08 by nmasa " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Review Questions Use t his chapt er an d y our pr act ical t rou blesh oot ing kn ow ledg e and skills t o answ er t he f ollow ing qu est ions. Th e answ er s ar e locat ed in App en dix A, " An sw er s t o Rev iew Qu est ions. " •

Table of Content s

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What I OS m and assist CCNP1P:ra cti cal St udi es:com Tr ouble shoot ing s

in det erm inin g d et ailed in for m at ion if t he r out er is

pr opag at ing RI P u pdat es? By Donna L. Har rington 2:

What I OS com m and assist s in det erm inin g d et ailed in for m at ion if t he r out er is pr opag at ing SAP u pdat es?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 1- 58is 720t h -0e57diff -0 er ence bet w een t h e Novell int er nal I PX nu mb er and t he Nov ell 3 : I SBN: What Pages: ext84 er0nal I PX num b er ?

4:

Fill in t h e follow ing t able w it h t he missing Cisco and Novell encapsulat ion nam es.

N ov l Fra m e ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN,N an ovdelW l V er tsion Hand s- on Cisco pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr el oubleshoot AN r ouble Enca psula t ion Ty pe D e scri pt i on D e fa ult t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ARPA Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Et h er n et _ I I

Et h er Ty pe p oint er t o Lay er 3

Net War e 6. x Net War e 5. x

Set uSAP p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab Leng scenar aligned t o each ame t3. op12 ic, w it h or t h ios field Netex War w it hout t h e act ual equip ment t hr ou gh 80 2. 2 LLC SAP Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and k War e 4. x point er t o logical Lay er 3n et w orNet I dentNov if y tellr oublesh Et h er oot ing t ar get s using pin g, Leng t r ace, t h sh field ow , clear , debu g,Net anWar d ot eher 3 .1 1 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Et h er n et _ SNAP Leng t h field SNAP d ef ault for Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it hTok auten h orRin p rgovided an d FDD I 80 m 2. and 2 LLC SAP Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g h ead Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion SNAP m et hods t oerr esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Serial lin ks

All v er sions f or ser ial link s

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

5:

What t y pe of p ack et d oes Figur e 4- 1 8 d isp lay? What for m of Cisco encapsulat ion is used?

Figu r e 4 - 1 8 . Rev ie w Q ue st ion 5 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

[ View full size im age]

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ootbet act al pr oblem s gbyanf ollow along w it hone aut h p rdefault ovided ? 6Diagn : Ex ose plainand t het rdoublesh iff er ence wueen Cisco pin d I PXing ping. Which isort he Cat aly st (wou r ) OS t w ar e comdo m you and chan inp utge , ou t put , and ?loggin g Why ld and y ou Cisco changIeOS( t her )d Sof ef ault ? How t he default in st r is u ctnor d ev p rob lem hodsEtther o r esolv e Tr ouble et s by t es for 7Use : MTU eg- ot iatelop ed bed y NCP. I t is- isolat 150 0ion f or m a et local net segm en t anTick d 5 76 t he in t ern et w or k . How can y ou v erif y t his? " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 8 : The rou t e pr int com m and display s t he r ou t in g t able on a PC. How can you see t his Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h inf orm at ion on a r out er r un ning I PX RI P? How abou t on a Novell ser v er? cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 9 : How d o y ou con figu re I PX RI P on a Cisco rou t er ? App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 1 0env : Why doesn iron ment s 't I PX need ARP? 1 1 ned : Ex plain t he g adCCI dr ess: Desig for aspir ingf ollowin CCNP and E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 12 345 .0 000 .0 000 . 0001 : 04 ex 51er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot ing678 exam . Full of pr act ical CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal2 :ap plicat How dion oesofI PX P f ind t het op b est w or1ld LANRIand WAN ics.pat h t o an ot her net w or k ? How d oes t his dif fer f rom I P RI P? CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

13 :

I n t he chap t er scenar io, host a is a Wind ow s 200 0 b ox. What comm and g iv es y ou t he display in Figur e 4- 1 9?

Figu r e 4 - 1 9 . Rev ie w Q ue st ion 1 3 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Summary Mor e and m or e comp anies ar e adopt in g I P- b ased net w or ks, so sh oot in g t rou ble w it h I PX m ay or m ay not be am ong y our wor r ies. To enhan ce y our over all t r oubleshoot ing sk ills, y ou sh ould gain an und er st and ing of I PX en d- t o- end issu es and kn ow w her e t o find t he rig ht t ools and how t o •use t h e pr oper Table ofhods Content m et t osensur e int er net w or k con nect iv it y , av ailab ilit y , r edun dancy , •r espon siv eness, I ndexan d secur it y. This chapt er r ev iew ed I PX pr ot ocols and packet s, ad dr essing, and CCNP P ra pr cti ot calocol St udit es: Tr ouble r out ing opics t o pshoot reparing e y ou for I PX t rou blesh oot ing. The f ocu s now t ur ns t o Lay er 2 LAN andL.WAN t echnolog ies t o cont inu e t o b uild y our pr act ical t rou blesh oot ing sk ills. By Donna Har rington Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Part III: Supporting Ethernet, Switches, and VLANs • •

Table of Content s Ch apt er 5 Sh oot ing Tr ouble w it h Et h er net I ndex

Ch 6 Sh ing Tr ouble CCNP P ra ctiapt cal er St udi es:oot Tr ouble shoot ing By DonnaCh L. apt Harer rington 7 Sh oot ing

w it h Cat OS and I OS

Tr ouble w it h VLANs on Rou t er s an d Swit ches

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 5. Shooting Trouble with Ethernet A solid und er st and in g of Et her net is as essen t ial as supp or t in g TCP/ I P t od ay. Many p eop le hav e been u sin g Et her net since t hey st ar t ed net w ork ing. Ot her s hav e u sed it since t he " fr ozen y ellow gar den hose"Table day sofof 1 0BASE5. You hav e used it in all t he scen arios an d Tr ou ble Tick et s t h us f ar • Content s and w ill cont inu e t o u se it t hr ou ghou t t h e book an d in t he real w or ld. Und er st and in g and • I ndex supp ort in g Et her net n ot on ly applies t o t h e CCNP cer t if icat ion but t o all indu st r y cer t ificat ions. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing This chap t er assu mes y our u nder st anding of t h e infor m at ion fr om t h e pr eviou s ch apt er s, By Donna L. Har rington includin g p rot ocols, m odels, t r oublesh oot ing m et h ods, supp or t t ools, and r esou rces. I n tPub hislish chapt er: Cisco er yPress ou comb ine som e of t he t ask s f rom t he pr eced in g t w o chapt er s t o build t his chapt 's e:scenar ing t h e scenar io is a r ev iew of Et h er net con cept s, sy m pt om s, pr oblem s, PuberDat April 0 io. 4, 20Follow 03 and actI SBN: ion plans. y ou gain pr act ical ex per ience, t h is ch apt er cont ains sev er al w alk 1- 58 720 To -0 57help -0 t hr ou gh scenar ios and pr act ical Tr ouble Ticket s f or y ou ex plor e. For t hose of y ou wh o d o not Pages: 84 0 hav e equip ment han dy , t her e ar e m any r elev ant figu res, ex amp les, and ex planat ions so t hat y ou, t oo, can shoot t r ouble w it h Et h er n et . This chap t er cov er s t he f ollowin g t opics: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ario:onShoot oub leorwit hern et in g ( CI T) t opics. t icket Scen s b ased Ciscoing I n tTr ern et w k hTrEt oub leshoot Br b ief Sum m ary of Et her net Wit h tAhis ook, you can: Et h er n et Fr am es Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Et er n ett hAddr w ithhout e actessing ual equip ment Et er n et at t he Phy sical erment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Esthablish a baseline and Lay docu Shoot oub le w it hing Et her nets using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I dent ifiny gt rTr oublesh oot t ar get t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Tr ouble Tick et s Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Tr ouble et s and SoluCisco t ions I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly st (Tick r ) OS Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Supporting Website Analy ze local and r em otFiles e access pr oblem s in

Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, You aut canof ind negot files iat ion, and addr link sessing t o u t ilit , encapsulat ies t h at supion, por and t t h ismor book e on t he Cisco Press w ebsit e at w w w .ciscop r ess.com / 15 872 005 70. Even if you do not hav e a lab , y ou can a ag layeerofedt he t rou blesh metur h odology t o inr eallife rou chin g t ak eApp advlyant sup por toot inging config at ion f iles clu ding t het ing log sand t o uswit nder st and env iron ment s dev ice in put and out p ut . Th e files ar e list ed t hr oug hout t he ch apt ers in it alics. Desig ned aspir ingt oCCNP r) itpr essionals, hisppor indtisp sab le labedg uide I n ord er for t o be able read and CCI w orE( k w h of som e of t he tsu ingenf iles of fer at b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt err net w ork /Trou bleshoot ics t ohat p rnep are som y ou efor w w w .ciscop ess.com 15 872 005 70,inygou( CI mT) ayt op w ant dow load of tthe he CCNP pr ogr ams Trlist oubleshoot ingI -exam pr action. ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ed in Table 1 in t.hFull e I n of t r oduct CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Scenario: Shooting Trouble with Ethernet This chap t er st art s w it h t h e I PX han ds- on scenar io y ou lef t of f w it h at t he en d of t h e Tr ouble Tick et s Ch apt er 4, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h Novell I PX. " Th e goals of t h e Shoot ing Tr ouble w it h Et hern et scen ar e for you t o m odify y our rou t er s accor ding t o Figur e 5- 1 an d ver ify end - t o- en d con nect iv it y . Host b •r eq uir es use Table Content s of anofI PX applicat ion on t h e gw ise ser v er , b ut it should also be able t o com m unicat e v i •t he ot her host I ndex s. The rest of t h e scenar io sug gest s I P as t h e r out ed pr ot ocol and En hanced I nt er ior G CCNP P ra cti cal ocol St udi(es: Tr oubleas shoot Rou t ing Prot EI GRP) t heing rou t ing pr ot ocol using aut on om ous sy st em ( AS) 50 0. The I P subn e t he cir cled nurington mb er s on t h e w ir es. Ther e should be end - t o- end I P connect ivit y b et ween host a an d h o By Donna L. Har Ru n I PX RI P on net w or k num b er 516. The r est of t he ch apt er deploy s t his scenar io, so be su re t o sa confPub ig ur at ions b ef ore, d ur ing, and aft er y ou con figu re you r dev ices. lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Figu r e 5 - 1 . Sh oot in g Tr ou ble w it h Et h er n et

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

NO TE

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on My uses 25 01, 364 3 620, and 16 pCisco rou t ers, rs can include any Cisco( r) lab I nt er net wt he ork2514 Trou, bleshoot in g0,( CI T) t op ics 25 t hat r ep are y ou forb tut heyou CCNP nu mb er of devices t hat hav e similar int er faces. Conn ect t he h ost s off of r 1e0 a hub . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challengesby onwtay he of j ob, See App en dix C, " Equipm ent Refer en ce, " for t h e har dw ar e used t hr ough out t his book . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Docum ent con youcep r sttep s and s alon g ing t h e por w ayt ion . Save youCCNP r w orkcer and don' t for get t oin g t est t h in im por t ant s cen t ralany t o tphreoblem t r oubleshoot of t he t ificat ion, includ

Rem em b er , h owev er, t hat t here is not alw ay s on e rig ht or w ron g way t o accomp lish t he t ask or t as pr esent ed . The ab ilit y t o obt ain t h e en d result u sin g g ood pr act ices is ext r em ely im por t an t in any r e w or ld n et w or k . My end ing con figu rat ion s ar e pr int ed st ar t in g in Ex am ple 5- 1 t hr ough Ex am ple 5- 5 y ou can com par e you r w or k. Use t h e pr ev ious t rou blesh oot ing ch eck list s, y our st ep- b y- st ep t r oub leshoot ing m et hodolog y, and t he Et hern et check list in Table 5 - 1 t o assist in t est ing. Refr esh y o m em or y b y looking back at Table 3 - 1 ( I P Checklist ) and Table 4 - 1 ( I PX Checklist ) now . •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

NO TE

By Donna L. Har rington

A v er y quick w ay t o elim inat e all I PX com m and s on r2 t h rou gh r 5 is b y using t he global com man d no ipx rout i ng. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Tab le 5 -1 . Et h er n et La y er 1 an d 2 Q ui ck Tr ou ble shoot i ng Ch eck list I solas-ton in gprPact rob le m m awnds a nd ISy pt om Hand ice fors t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ingCom exam it h TCP/ P, m LAN, ansd W AN t r ouble t icket s bNI ased on ,Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in gI P ( CI T) tI opics. Cab le, C, hub swit ch See and PX Check list s for p ing, t race, and ot h er r elev ant rou t er / d esk t op t ools. Wit h t his ook,inyou can: Phybsical sp ect ion show i p i nt e rf ace br ie f Pr ot ocol analy zer Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld labshow scenar iosi nt aligned each i px e rfa cet obr ie f ex am t op ic, w it h or wTDR/ it hout t h e act ual equip ment OTDR show cont r oll er s a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k NI C Est sof ablish t w are con figu rat ion show i nt e rf aces [ int erf ace] I dent if ion y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Segm en t at t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies show i p i nt e rf ace [ int erf ace] Con cent r at e on int er faces and cont r oller s f or and s by f ollow it herf aut h or- p r ovided low erDiagn - levelose t arg et s t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem show i px iing nt ealong rfa ce w [ int ace] Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Dr iv er s w w w .w inf iles. com Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s w w w .d r iv erg uide. com " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es En cap su lat ion show i nt e rf aces [ int erf ace] Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Knowcabling, you r fr am e t yand pes du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, show i px bi nt e rfaidt ceh,brCSMA/ ie f sp eed andw CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e NI C d iagnost ics/ p r opert ies App ly iat a lay t o ri nt eallife rou t ing Aut on eg ot ioner ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology show e rf ace [ int erfand ace]swit chin g env iron ment s Speed issues cause connect ivit y p rob lem s Collision s on a f ull- dup lex link , f or exam p le. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) Iissues nt er net w ork per Trou in oblem g ( CI T)s t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Du plex cause forbleshoot m ance pr Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, On e- w t h e ecab CCNP Pray actlink ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y Ch ou eck an edg ovle. er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. You can r eceiv e but can' t t r ansm it or vice v er saPr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 5 - 1 . r 1 Conf i gur a t i on ( 2 5 1 4 )

r1#show running-config • Building configuration... Table of Content s •

I ndex

Current CCNP P ra cticonfiguration: cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

version 12.0

Pub lish er: Cisco Press service timestamps debug uptime Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0log uptime service timestamps Pages: 84 0

no service password-encryption hostname r1 enable 5 for $1$m0s2$Pq/6.NpOCSzhbQlNy.cnG/ Hand s- onsecret pr act ice t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. enable password donna Wit h t his b ook, you can: ip subnet-zero ipx routing Set u p an1111.1111.1111 d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ipx ping-default novell Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k interface Ethernet0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing tto oolshosta an d u and t ilit ies description r1e0 hostb Diagn ose 192.168.5.17 and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ip address 255.255.255.240 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g no ip directed-broadcast Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ipx "encapsulation Snif f" t he w ir e t oSAP sp ot n et w or k issu es ipx Analy network 516and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ze local cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, interface Ethernet1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e description App ly a layr1e1 er ed tto rour2e0 blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s ip address 192.168.5.33 255.255.255.240 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( no ip r) directed-broadcast I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical interface Serial0 St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. description r1s0 to r5s0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con64 cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g bandwidth

ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast no ip mroute-cache •

no fair-queue

Table of Content s

•

I ndex interface Serial1 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Bydescription Donna L. Har rington r1s1

to r3s0/0

bandwidth 64 Press Pub lish er: Cisco Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

ip address 192.168.5.81 255.255.255.240 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

no ip directed-broadcast router eigrp 500 network 10.0.0.0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. network 192.168.5.0 Wit t his b ook, you can: noh auto-summary ip classless Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment tftp-server flash:c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k line con 0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her logging synchronous t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies transport input Diagn ose and t rnone oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g line aux 0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s line vty 0 4 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es password donna Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, login aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e end App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Exa m pl e 5ing - 2 exam . r 2 .Conf i gur a ical t i onex(er2cises 5 0 1t )h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot Full of pr act CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r2#show running-config im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Building configuration... Current configuration: version 12.0 service timestamps debug uptime •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

service timestamps log uptime CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

no service password-encryption By Donna L. Har rington

hostname r2 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

enable secret 5 20$1$5FjB$OHtAhTOCisLWIa5qzy3RJ1 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

enable password donna Pages: 84 0

ip subnet-zero interface Ethernet0 Hand s- on pr act ice for to t her1e1 CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble description r2e0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ip address 192.168.5.34 255.255.255.240 Wit h t his b ook, you can: no ip directed-broadcast Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or interface Serial0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment description to r3s0/1 Est ablish ar2s0 baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k bandwidth I dent if y 64 t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ip address 192.168.5.65 255.255.255.240 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided no ip Catdirected-broadcast aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Usemroute-cache in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s no ip " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es no fair-queue Analy zeSerial1 local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h interface cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negotr2s1 iat ion,to addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e description r3s0/2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g bandwidth 64 env iron ment s ip address 192.168.5.49 255.255.255.240 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP no ip directed-broadcast Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealrouter eigrp 500 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. network CCNP Pr act192.168.5.0 ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ip classless line con 0 logging synchronous transport input none •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

line aux 0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

line vty 0 4

By Donna L. Har rington

password donna Pub lish er: Cisco Press

login Pub Dat e:

April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

end

Pages: 84 0

Exa pl epr act 5 - 3ice . rfor 3 Conf i gur t i on ( 3 6ing 4 0exam ) Handm s- on t he CCNP Traoubleshoot w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r3#show running-config Set u pconfiguration... an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Building w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Current configuration: Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k version 12.0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies service timestamps debug uptime Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided service timestamps log uptime Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g no service Use in st rpassword-encryption u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s hostname " Snif f"r3t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es enable secret 5 and $1$VA..$TqTkW/PwrI4bRPF1zjZCu1 Analy ze local r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, enable password donna aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ip subnet-zero env iron ment s interface Serial0/0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er netr3s0/0 w ork Trou description to bleshoot r1s1 in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical bandwidth 64St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ip address 192.168.5.82 255.255.255.240 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

no ip directed-broadcast no ip mroute-cache no fair-queue clockrate 64000 •

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•

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interface Serial0/1

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

description r3s0/1 to r2s0

By Donna L. Har rington

bandwidth 64 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ipPub address 255.255.255.240 Dat e: April192.168.5.66 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

no ip directed-broadcast Pages: 84 0

clockrate 64000 interface Serial0/2 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he description r3s0/2 toCCNP r2s1Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. bandwidth 64 Wit h t his b ook, you can: ip address 192.168.5.50 255.255.255.240 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or no ip directed-broadcast w it hout t h e act ual equip ment clockrate Est ablish64000 a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k interface I dent if ySerial0/3 t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies description r3s0/3 to r4s0/0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided bandwidth Cat aly st64 ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u10.2.2.1 ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ip address 255.255.255.0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es no ip directed-broadcast ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e interface FastEthernet2/0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g description r3fa2/0 to hostc env iron ment s ip address 192.168.5.97 255.255.255.240 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP no ip directed-broadcast Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealrouter eigrp 500 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. network CCNP Pr act10.0.0.0 ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

network 192.168.5.0 no auto-summary ip classless line con 0 • •

Table of Content s

logging synchronous I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

transport input none

By Donna L. Har rington

line aux 0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

line 4 0 4, Pubvty Dat e: 0April

20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

password donna Pages: 84 0

login end Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pl e 5 - 4 . r 4 Conf i gur a t i on ( 3 6 2 0 ) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r4#show running-config Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Building configuration... I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Current configuration: Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided version 11.3 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g service timestamps Use in st r u ct or - d evdebug elop ed uptime p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s service " Sniftimestamps f" t he w ir e t olog sp otuptime n et w or k issu es no service Analy ze password-encryption local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, hostname r4 iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e aut o negot Appsecret ly a lay er t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g enable 5 ed $1$C0Dd$kkBg8CqXD2ZVjcHq8uvxB/ env iron ment s enable password donna Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP interface Ethernet0/0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealno ip address w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. shutdown CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

interface Serial0/0 description r4s0/0 to r3s0/3 ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 no ip mroute-cache • •

Table of Content s

bandwidth 64

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

no fair-queue

By Donna L. Har rington

clockrate 64000 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

interface Serial0/1 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

no ip address Pages: 84 0

shutdown router eigrp 500 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble network 10.0.0.0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. no auto-summary Wit h t his b ook, you can: ip classless Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or line con 0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment logging synchronous Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k line I aux dent if0y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies line vty 0 4 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided password donna Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s login end " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Exa m pllye a5lay - 5er . ed r 5 t Conf i gur t i on 2 5 1 6 ) t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App rou blesh oota ing met (h odology env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5#show running-config Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr actconfiguration... ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealBuilding w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Current configuration: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

version 12.0 service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

hostname r5

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

enable secret 5 $1$eozM$NyPHA2CFPGE4V4xV806YS0 By Donna L. Har rington

enable password donna Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ip Pub subnet-zero Dat e: April 0 4,

20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

...

Pages: 84 0

interface Ethernet0 no ip address Hand s- ondirected-broadcast pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble no ip t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. shutdown Wit h t his b ook, you can: interface Serial0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or description r5s0 to r1s0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment bandwidth Est ablish64a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ip address I dent if y t 10.1.1.2 r oublesh oot255.255.255.0 ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies no ip directed-broadcast Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided no ip Catmroute-cache aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s no fair-queue " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es clockrate 64000 Analy zeSerial1 local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h interface cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut address o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e no ip App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g no ip directed-broadcast env iron ment s shutdown Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP interface BRI0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealno ip address w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. no ip directed-broadcast CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

shutdown router eigrp 500 network 10.0.0.0 no auto-summary •

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•

I ndex

ip classless

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

line con 0

By Donna L. Har rington

logging synchronous Pub lish er: Cisco Press

transport input none Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

line aux 0

Pages: 84 0

line vty 0 4 password donna Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble login t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. end Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Next y ou shou ld d ouble- check you r host conf igur at ions. Ph ysically host a, host b, and t he g w ise ser v should con nect ed t o r 1and e0 v docu ia a hment ub. I ny our t ern ph et wysical or k Pack Ex chang ( I PX) Estbe ablish a baseline andetlogical n et ew or k shou ld be ru nnin g on a host b, and I P should be ru nning on all h ost s. ( See Table 5 - 2. ) I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Tabr )leSof5t-2 P Host a t,i on Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( w ar. eI com m and Con inp utfi, gur ou t put and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I P Ad dre ss Su bne t M ask Gat e w ay " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es host a 19 2. 168 . 5. 18

25 5. 255 . 255. 2 40

19 2. 168 . 5. 17

ze local and em ot e. 5. access pr oblem s in25Et5.hern net2w40 or ks, in clud ing issues w it. 5. h 17 hostAnaly b 19r2. 168 19 255 et . 255. 19 2. 168 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, hostaut c o negot iat ion,19addr 2. 168 . 5. 98, encapsulat ion,25and 5. 255 . 255. 19 2. 168 . 5. 97 essing mor e 2 40 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g s s and t he h ost s ar e con figu r ed for int erop er ab ilit y , t est t h ings ou t st ar t ing w it h Now tenv h at iron t h ement r out er Ex am ple 5- 6. I st ar t ed w it h show i p r out e b ecau se, m ost of t h e t im e, I don' t assum e t h at t h er e is Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on som et h in g wr on g. I f t hing s ar e m issing fr om t he r out ing t ab le, y ou need t o inv est ig at e w hy . Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealExa plplicat e 5 -ion 6 . ofVer in g I P t Rout w or ldmap LANi fy and WAN op ics. es on r 1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 • •

Table of Content s

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

By Donna L. Har rington

U - per-user static route, o - ODR Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Gateway ofApril last resort is not set Pub Dat e: 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

192.168.5.0/28 is subnetted, 6 subnets

Pages: 84 0

D

192.168.5.96 [90/40514560] via 192.168.5.82, 00:39:19, Serial1

D

192.168.5.64 [90/40537600] via 192.168.5.34, 00:39:19, Ethernet1

Hand s- on 192.168.5.80 pr act ice for t heis CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble C directly connected, Serial1 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. C 192.168.5.32 is directly connected, Ethernet1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: D C

192.168.5.48 [90/40537600] via 192.168.5.34, 00:39:19, Ethernet1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 192.168.5.16 is directly connected, Ethernet0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

D

[90/41024000] 00:39:19, Serial1 I dent10.2.2.0 if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s via using192.168.5.82, pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r1# Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Com par e t h e out p ut of Ex am ple 5- 6 t o Figur e 5- 1 . Ensur e t hat all of y our d ir ect ly con nect ed r out es zer rlocal andt able r em as ot ewaccess s in Etned hernret or ks, inick cludg ing issues it h list ed Analy in you out ing ell as t pr heoblem EI GRPlear outnet es.w At a qu lan ce, t he w shaded out p cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay linet k,s are indicat es six su bnet s u nder 1 92. 16 8. 5. 0/ 2 8 an d t w o subn et s und er 10. 0. 0 .0 / 24. I f an y subn aut, oinv negot iat ion, addr m issing est igat e w hy . essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Appat ly tahelay er ed ing met t o r eal- life rouissues. t ing and Look ing r out in gt rou t abblesh le is aoot q uick w ayh odology t o t r ou bleshoot m any I f swit y ou chin ar e glooking f or a p ar env iron ment s net w or k, how ever , it is less confu sin g t o j ust list t h e addr ess aft er t h e show i p r out e com m and as Ex am ple 5- 7. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Exa 5 - St 7 .udFiies: ndiTrng a Par r Rout one rov 1 er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNPmPrpl acteical oublesh oottinicu g gla ives y ou ane edg w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1#show 10.2.2.0 im por t antip conroute cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Routing entry for 10.2.2.0/24 Known via "eigrp 500", distance 90, metric 41024000, type internal Redistributing via eigrp 500 Last update from 192.168.5.82 on Serial1, 00:51:39 ago • •

Table of Content s I ndex Routing Descriptor Blocks:

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

* 192.168.5.82, By Donna L. Har rington

from 192.168.5.82, 00:51:39 ago, via Serial1

Route metric is 41024000, traffic share count is 1

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Total delay is 40000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 64 Kbit

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 Reliability

255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes

Loading 1/255, Hops 1 r1# Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: I f you r r out ing t ab le look s lik e t he on e in Ex am ple 5- 8 r at h er t han t he on e in Ex am ple 5- 6, r efer ba Ch apt er 3, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h I P," or r esear ch d iscont igu ous sub net s and EI GRP on Cisco.com f help. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl e 5 - 8 . M issi ng Ne t w or k 1 0 .2 .2 .0

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1#show Diagn ipose route and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ... Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 192.168.5.0/24 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masks " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es D D C C

192.168.5.96/28 [90/2172416] via 192.168.5.82, 00:05:10, Serial1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion andvia collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD,Ethernet1 on e- w ay lin k, 192.168.5.64/28 [90/40537600] 192.168.5.34, 00:15:18, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 192.168.5.80/28 is directly connected, Serial1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 192.168.5.32/28 is directly connected, Ethernet1

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on D 192.168.5.48/28 [90/40537600] via Ethernet1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics192.168.5.34, t hat p r ep are y ou00:15:18, for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, D 192.168.5.0/24 is a summary, 00:23:00, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edgNull0 e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. C 192.168.5.16/28 is directly connected, Ethernet0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 2 subnets, masks im por t10.0.0.0/8 ant con cep t s is cenvariably t ral t o t h e subnetted, t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of 2t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

C

10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0

D

10.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:11:38, Null0

r1#

•

Table of Content s

•

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CCNP ra ctircal St udi es: shoot From Pyou r esear ch ,Try ouble ou shou lding h ave foun d t hat EI GRP hand les d iscont igu ous sub net s ju st like RI Pv does. For t his t o w or k pr oper ly , y ou m ust u se t he no au t o- sum m ar y com m and in t he r out er conf ig By Donna L. Har rington m ode. Your rou t ing t able h in t shou ld h ave b een t he aut om at ic classfu l sum m arizat ion of 19 2. 168 . 5 and 10 . 0. 0. 0/ 8 w it h a sum m ar y rou t e t o null0. A qu ick p ing t est fr om h ost a t o host c w ould hav e illu Pub lish er: Cisco Press end- t o- en d h ost connect ivit y , b ut wou ld n ot h ave br ough t out any net w ork 1 0. 0. 0. 0 issu es. How eve Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 w ould hav e been p r et t y con fused as t o w h ich w ay t o dir ect t he p ack et s for net w ork 10. 0. 0. 0 . I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Next vPages: er ify 84 t hat 0 I PX and RI P ar e r un ning on r 1e0 w it h m e in Ex am ple 5- 9.

Exa m pl e 5 - 9 . Ver i fy I PX on r 1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1#show ipx route Wit h t his b ook, you can: Codes: C - Connected primary network, c - Connected secondary network SetSu p- an d f ollow Falong w it h real-static, w or ld labLscenar ios aligned t o each Wex-amIPXWAN t op ic, w it h or Static, - Floating - Local (internal), w it hout t h e act ual equip ment R - RIP, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A - Aggregate Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k s - seconds, u - uses, U - Per-user static I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 2 Total IPX routes. Up to 1 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided No default known. Cat aly stroute ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g C

(SAP), Et0- isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use in516 st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem

R

346648E2 " Snif f" t he [02/01] w ir e t o spvia ot n et w or k516.0080.29e8.5c6b, issu es

56s, Et0

Analy ze local and r emethernet ot e access0pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1#show ipx interface cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addrprotocol essing , encapsulat Ethernet0 is up, line is up ion, and mor e ly a lay er t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g IPXApp address ised516.0000.0c8d.6705, SAP [up] env iron ment s Delay of this IPX network, in ticks is 1 throughput 0 link delay 0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( ... r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP act ical Streceived ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in packets g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealRIP Prpackets 119, RIP sent 3977 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. SAP packets received 117, SAP packets sent 1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#show ipx servers Codes: S - Static, P - Periodic, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, H - Holddown, + = detail U - Per-user static 4 Total IPX Servers •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Table ordering is based on routing and server info CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Type Name

Net

Address

Port

Route Hops Itf

By Donna L. Har rington

P

4 GWISE

346648E2.0000.0000.0001:0451

2/01

1

Et0

346648E2.0000.0000.0001:8104

2/01

1

Et0

P

26B GWISE_TREE___________ 346648E2.0000.0000.0001:0005

2/01

1

Et0

P

278 GWISE_TREE___________ 346648E2.0000.0000.0001:4006

2/01

1

Et0

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

P

107 GWISE Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r1#ping ipx 346648e2.0.0.1 Hand on pr actsequence ice for t heto CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Type s-escape abort. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Sending 5, 100-byte IPX Novell Echoes to 346648E2.0000.0000.0001, timeout is 2 seco Wit h t his b ook, you can: !!!!! Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1# Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Alt houDiagn gh not oseshand ow nt rinoublesh t hese oot exam act ples, u al pr t he oblem rest sofbyt hfeollow r outing er s along hav e twhe it hcor aut r ect h or-infor p r ovided m at ion in t h eir t ables. Cat Verif aly st y (yr our ) OS s now and .Cisco Per forI OS( m som r ) Sof e ping t w arteest com s f rom m andevinp eryutrou , ou t er t put ( lik , eand I d loggin o w it h gr 2 in Ex am ple 5 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl e 5 - 1 0 . r 2 Pin g Te st in g

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r2>ping aut o 192.168.5.17 negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Type App escape sequence abort. ly a lay er ed t routo blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.17, timeout is 2 seconds: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on !!!!! Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Success rate isud100 percent round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 CCNP Pr act ical St ies: Tr oublesh (5/5), oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ionms t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2>ping 192.168.5.82 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por tescape ant con cep t s cen t ral t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g Type sequence tot oabort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.82, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/31/32 ms r2>ping 192.168.5.97 •

Table of Content s

•Type escapeI ndex sequence to abort. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. 5, Sending Har rington 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.97, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!! Pub lish er:

Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/29/32 ms I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 r2>ping 10.2.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. !!!!! Wit h t his brate ook, is you 100 can:percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/61/68 ms Success r2>

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Finally, an alyze t he host r out t ables and pin p in g, g ftrrom a and host b t o g, h ost est end - t o- end h I dent if y t r oublesh oot inging t ar get s using ace,host sh ow , clear , debu ancdt ootther connect ivit y as in Ex am ple 511. To t est t he h igher lay er s, f eel f r ee t o r un an applicat ion su ch as Te t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies TFTP, or FTP. I f y ou can copy all of y our conf igur at ion files t o t he sam e TFTP ser v er, for ex amp le, t h w ouldDiagn t est fr omand t he t Phy sical oot t o t hact e Applicat ion Lay Alt ern ively ,wifityou can et t o ev er y r out ose r oublesh u al pr oblem s byer fs. ollow ingatalong h aut h or-Teln p r ovided ever yCat host , t hat is an ot her good t est of all t he lay er s. aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl e 5 - 1 1 . Test i ng End -t o-En d Conn ect iv it y fr om host a t o host c " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, C:\>route print aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e =========================================================================== App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Interface List Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 0x1 ........................... Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g MS ( CI TCP T) t opLoopback ics t hat p rinterface ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 0x2 45 St 53ud54 00 ...... Extranet Access Adapter CCNP...44 Pr act ical ies:42 Tr oublesh oot in NOC g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 0x1000004 ...00 10 4b a5 ae 50 ...... FE575 Ethernet Adapter CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e =========================================================================== im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Active Routes: Network Destination

• •

Netmask

Gateway

Interface

Metric

0.0.0.0

0.0.0.0

192.168.5.17

192.168.5.18

1

127.0.0.0

255.0.0.0

127.0.0.1

127.0.0.1

1

255.255.255.240

192.168.5.18

192.168.5.18

1

Table of Content s I ndex 192.168.5.16

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

192.168.5.18 By Donna L. Har rington

255.255.255.255

127.0.0.1

127.0.0.1

1

192.168.5.255

255.255.255.255

192.168.5.18

192.168.5.18

1

224.0.0.0

192.168.5.18

192.168.5.18

1

255.255.255.255

192.168.5.18

2

1

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

224.0.0.0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 255.255.255.255

Default Gateway:

192.168.5.17

=========================================================================== Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Persistent t icket s b ased Routes: on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. WitNone h t his b ook, you can: C:\>ping 192.168.5.98 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip Pinging 192.168.5.98 withment 32 bytes of data: ablish192.168.5.98: a baseline and docu ment ytime=20ms our ph ysicalTTL=126 and logical n et w or k ReplyEstfrom bytes=32 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Reply from 192.168.5.98: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Reply from 192.168.5.98: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Reply from 192.168.5.98: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Ping statistics for 192.168.5.98: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Minimum = 10ms, Maximum = 20ms, Average = 12ms App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron C:\>arp -a ment s Desig ned for 192.168.5.18 aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of0x1000004 essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Interface: on Interface Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam . Full ofPhysical pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Internet ing Address Address Type CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and 00-00-0c-8d-67-05 WAN t op ics. 192.168.5.17 dynamic CCNP Pr act ical 192.168.5.98 St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e C:\>tracert im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Tracing route to HOSTC [192.168.5.98] over a maximum of 30 hops:

• •

1

show ne ig hbor s " Snif f" t he show m odul e w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

> show m odul e

show v er ze sion show v ernet sion Analy local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in> Et hern et w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, show conf ig/ w ri t e t e rm i nal # show conf ig/ show st a rt up - confi g aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e show a rp > show a rp App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g show cairon m dy na sm i c # show m a c- ad dre ss- t ab le env ment show por t # show i nt e rf ace st at u s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) ce I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP set t ra # de bug Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. This chap t er scenar io's sw it ch, r out er , an d h ost conf ig ur at ions ar e d isplay ed st ar t ing in Ex am ple 6sw it ch Pr isact notical r unn ingies: t heTrEnt er pr ise of t he ysoft t hical e CLI is mat not ion available. I nst CCNP St ud oublesh ootEdit in g ion p r ovides ou wwar it he,pso ract inf or on all t h e ead of u t hepor soft ant t w arcon e, reset he tsw f act ory default s usin t het he m enus int ificat Ex amion, ple includ 6- 1. in g im cep t s tcen ralit ch t o tthoeittsr oubleshoot ing por t iong of CCNPas cer

Exa m pl e 6 - 1 . Re se t t i ng t h e 1 9 0 0 t o t h e Fact or y De fa ul t s Usin g t he M en u

Catalyst 1900 Management Console •Copyright (c) Table of ContentSystems, s Cisco Inc. • I ndex

1993-1998

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing All rights reserved. By Donna L. Har rington

Standard Edition Software Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Ethernet Address:

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

PCA Number:

00-90-92-2A-76-80 73-2239-05

Pages: 84 0

PCA Serial Number:

FAA02291854

Model Number:

WS-C1924-A

System Number: FAA0227W0U1 Hand s- onSerial pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ------------------------------------------------Wit h t his b ook, you can: 1 user(s) now active on Management Console. Set uUser p an dInterface f ollow alongMenu w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment [M] Menus Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k [I] IP Configuration I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Enter Selection: M Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Catalyst 1900Cisco - System Cat aly st ( r ) OS and I OS( r ) Configuration Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g System Address Capacity: Use in st r u ct orRevision: - d ev elop ed p1rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t1024 o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 00minute(s) 45second(s) " SnifSystem f" t he w irUpTime: e t o sp ot n et0day(s) w or k issu00hour(s) es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ----------------------Settings --------------------------------------cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e [N] Name iat ofion, system sw1900 App a lay er edname t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g [C]ly Contact donna l harrington env iron ment s [L] Location broad creek Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( [S] r) I ntSwitching er net w ork Trou y ou for t he CCNP modebleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are Store-and-Forward Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP [U] Pr actUse ical St ies: Tr oublesh oot in g gfor ivesmulticast y ou an edg e ov er Disabled t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealofudstore-and-forward w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [A] Action upon address violation Disable CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[G] Generate alert on address violation

Disabled

[I] Address aging time

300 second(s)

[P] Network port

None

[H] Half duplex back pressure • •

(10-mbps ports) Disabled

Table of Content s

[E] Enhanced congestion control (10-mbps ports) Adaptive I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

----------------------- Actions ----------------------------------------

By Donna L. Har rington

[R] Reset system

[F] Reset to factory defaults

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

----------------------Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Related Menus ----------------------------------

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

[B] Broadcast storm control

Pages: 84 0

Enter Selection:

[X] Exit to Main Menu

F

This command resets the switch with factory defaults.

All system

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing factory exam w itsettings. h TCP/ I P, LAN, an static d W AN t r ouble parameters will revert to their default All t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. and dynamic addresses will be removed. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Reset system with factory defaults, [Y]es or [N]o?

Yes

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Next config ur e t he I P par am et er s and m ak e su r e HTTP is oper at ional on p ort 80 as in Ex am ples 6- 2 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Exa m pl e 6 - 2 . Se t t i ng t h e I P Par a m et er s on t h e 1 9 0 0 ( HTTP Por t 8 0 ) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Catalyst 1900 - Main Menu " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [C] Console Settings Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h [S] System cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e [N] Network Management App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g [P]iron Port env mentConfiguration s ... Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP [H] Help Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealExit Console w or ld [X] ap plicat ionManagement of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP act ical St ud ies: Enter PrSelection: N Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Catalyst 1900 - Network Management [I] IP Configuration [S] SNMP Management • •

Table of Content s [B] Bridge - Spanning Tree I ndex

CCNP P[C] ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Cisco Discovery Protocol By Donna L. Har rington

[G] Cisco Group Management Protocol Pub lish er: Cisco Press

[H] HTTP Server Configuration

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

[X] Exit to Main Menu Pages: 84 0

Enter Selection:

H

Hand Catalyst s- on pr act1900 ice for- tHTTP he CCNP Server Tr oubleshoot Configuration ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ----------------------- Settings --------------------------------------Wit h t his b ook, you can: [H] HTTP Enabled Set an d fPort ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios80 aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or [P]u pHTTP w it hout t h e act ual equip ment [X] Exit to previous menu Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k EnterI dent Selection: X oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her if y t r oublesh t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g The sh aded ou t put indicat es t hat HTTP p or t 80 is t h e defau lt on t he 190 0. HTTP and menu s ar e gen av ailab le in onstCisco butp rob not lem alw-ays con red as tthe forouble securTick it y et r easons. For ex am Use r u ct orsw - d it evches, elop ed isolat ionfigu m et hods o r default esolv e Tr s global comm and ip h t t p se rv er enab les t his on m y I OS sw it ch , alt hou gh m ost people w ant t o kn ow " Snif f" tfeat he wurires. e t oTyp sp ot n etip w or issu esv er t o disable it aft er w ard if y ou w an t t o exp er im en t w it disable such e no htkt p ser based Visual Sw it ch Man ager on t he 35 12XL. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h u t00 ilizat and idt h, CSMA/ CD, ton w ayicelinr em k, ot el Next , cabling, set t he Isp P eed addrand ess du on plex t h e ,19 asion in Ex amcollisions, ple 6- 3 sobtandw hat you can m anage h ee-dev aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App blesh eal- life swit chin g Exa m pllye a6lay - 3er . ed Settrou t i ng t hoot e ing I P met Parh odology a m et ert os r on t h erou 1 t9ing 0 0and ( Addr ess) env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Catalyst 1900 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full- ofNetwork pr act icalManagement ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealIP ion Configuration w or ld [I] ap plicat of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP [S] Pr actSNMP ical StManagement ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[B] Bridge - Spanning Tree [C] Cisco Discovery Protocol [G] Cisco Group Management Protocol [H] HTTP Server Configuration • •

Table of Content s

[X] Exit to Main Menu I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Enter Selection:

I

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Catalyst 1900 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

- IP Configuration

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Ethernet Address:

Pages: 84 0

00-90-92-2A-76-80

----------------------- Settings --------------------------------------[I] IP address

0.0.0.0

Hand s-[S] on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h0.0.0.0 TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Subnet mask t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. [G] Default gateway 0.0.0.0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: [M] IP address of DNS server 1

0.0.0.0

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or [N] IP address of DNS server 2 0.0.0.0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment [D] Domain name and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline Routing Protocol Enabled I [R] dent ifUse y t r oublesh ootInformation ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ----------------------- Actions -------------------------------------Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided [P] Cat alyPing st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use st r u ctto or - dprevious ev elop ed pmenu rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s [X]inExit f" t he w ir e tI o sp ot n et w or k issu es Enter" Snif Selection: ze local and r em e access pr oblem sIP in address Et hern et net or ks, switch. in clud ing issues w it h This Analy command assigns anotadministrative to wthis cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o address negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e The new will take effect immediately. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g If no IP address is assigned (or if the IP address is removed by setting env iron ment s it to 0.0.0.0), and the switch is connected to a DHCP server, the DHCP Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP server may automatically assign an address to the switch. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealEnter administrative IP address in dotted quad format (nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn): w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Current setting 0. 0. 0. CCNP Pr act ical St ud===> ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r0ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

New setting ===> 192.168.5.100

Con figu re t he subn et m ask as in Ex am ple 6- 4. •

Table of Content s

Exa m pl e 6I ndex - 4 . Se t t i ng t h e I P Par a m et er s on t h e 1 9 0 0 ( Subn et M a sk ) • CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Catalyst 1900 - IP Configuration Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Ethernet Address:

00-90-92-2A-76-80

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

----------------------Settings --------------------------------------Pages: 84 0 [I] IP address

192.168.5.100

[S] Subnet mask

0.0.0.0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble [G] Default gateway 0.0.0.0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t [M] his b IP ook,address you can:of DNS server 1

0.0.0.0

[N] IP address of DNS server 2 0.0.0.0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Domain w[D] it hout t h e actname ual equip ment Est ablish baseline Information and docu ment Protocol y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k [R] Use aRouting Enabled I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using -------------------------------------pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her ----------------------Actions t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies [P] Ping Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat alyExit st ( r ) OS Cisco I menu OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g [X] to and previous Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Enter Selection: S " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es This command defines the subnet mask for the IP address set by the Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h [I] IP Address command. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Enter IP subnet mask in dotted quad format (nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn): App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Current setting 0. 0. 0. 0 env iron ment s ===> ===> 255.255.255.240 DesigNew ned setting for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Catalyst 1900 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full- ofIPpr Configuration act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealEthernet Address: 00-90-92-2A-76-80 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Alt hou gh not requ ired for t he chapt er lab s, con figu re t he def ault g at eway as in Ex am ple 6- 5 an d no used in t h e m en u ou t put .

Exa m pl e 6 - 5 . Se t t i ng t h e I P Par a m et er s on t h e 1 9 0 0 ( De f au lt Ga t e w a y) •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

----------------------Settings CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

---------------------------------------

By Donna L. Har rington

[I] IP address

Pub [S] lish er: Subnet Cisco Pressmask

192.168.5.100 255.255.255.240

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

[G] gateway I SBN: Default 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

0.0.0.0

Pages: 84 0

[M] IP address of DNS server 1

0.0.0.0

[N] IP address of DNS server 2

0.0.0.0

[D] Domain name Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s[R] b ased Cisco I n tInformation ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) Enabled t opics. UseonRouting Protocol Wit h t his b ook, you can: ----------------------- Actions -------------------------------------[P]u pPing Set an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment [X] Exit to previous menu Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Enter Selection: G I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her The default t r oub leshoot gateway ing t ools IP an address d u t ilit ies is the address of the next hop Diagn and t r oublesh ootreach act u alaprnon-local oblem s by fIP ollow ing along it h aut h or- p r ovided router theose switch uses to host when w the switch Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g does not know the return route. During a normal management protocol Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s exchange with an IP client host, the switch simply sends its response " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es onto the same route from which the request was received. The default Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, gateway route is only used when the switch itself initiates an exchange, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e e.g.,App a ly TFTP withoot the a layupgrade, er ed t rou blesh ing client. met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Type the address in dotted quad format (nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn): Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Current setting ===> 0. 0. in g0.( CI T) 0 t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, setting CCNPNew Pr act ical St ud===> ies: Tr192.168.5.97 oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Catalyst 1900 - IP Configuration CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Address: im por t antEthernet con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e00-90-92-2A-76-80 t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

----------------------- Settings ---------------------------------------

• •

[I] IP address

192.168.5.100

[S] Subnet mask

255.255.255.240

[G] Default gateway

192.168.5.97

Table of Content s

[M] IPI ndex address of DNS server 1

0.0.0.0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

[N] IPrington address By Donna L. Har

of DNS server 2

0.0.0.0

[D] Domain name

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

[R] Use Routing Information Protocol

Enabled

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 ----------------------Actions --------------------------------------

[P] Ping [X] Exit to previous menu Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Enter t icket s bSelection: ased on CiscoXI n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

NO TE Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k The m an agement I P ad dr ess is conf igur ed in glob al config ur at ion m od e r at her t han on an int er I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her a Lay er 2 d ev ice. Th e int er faces are Lay er 2 p ort s and do not und er st and I P, w hich is Lay er 3. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g The Ent er pr ise Edit ion on t he 19 00 w ould hav e enabled you t o reset t he sw it ch t o t h e fact or y def aul t he I PUse parin am t h eed com m and in Ex am 6-hods 6. Rem bere tTr hat t he 1Tick 900etaut st et r uer ct sorusing - d ev elop p rob lems- isolat ionple m et t o rem esolv ouble s omat ically w r conf ig ur at ion t o NVRAM like t he Cat 5 000 series sw it ch es and t he older 2 900 I am using for m y lab. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy and r em ot ei ng access hern w or cludEdi ing tissues w it h Exa m pl eze6local - 6 . Conf i gur t h epr oblem 1 9 0 0s in w Et it h t hete net Ent e rks, prin i se i on CLI cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g switch>enable env iron ment s switch#delete nvram Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP switch#reload... Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealswitch#configure terminal w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. switch(config)#hostname sw1900 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sw1900(config)#ip address 192.168.5.100 255.255.255.240 sw1900(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.5.97

• •

Table of Content s

NO TE

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har Alt hou ghrington Ex am ple

6- 6 illust r at es t he host na m e com m and t o give t he sw it ch a nam e, you h ave conf ig ur ed t h at y et u sing t h e m en us. You can d o t h is fr om t h e main m enu by select ing Sy st em Pub t hen lish er: N aCisco m e Press of Sy st e m . How ever , I w ill h ave y ou assig n t h is lat er using t he HTTP int erf ace. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Con figu re h ost a and h ost b as in Table 6 - 2 t o t est y our I P con nect iv it y t o t he sw it ch. Comp are you r against Ex am ple 6- 7.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern etTab w or kleTr6oub g (iCI t opics. -2leshoot . Sceninar o T) H ost Con f igu r at ion Wit h t his b ook, you can: H ost I P Ad dre ss

Su bne t M ask

Gat e w ay

host aSet u p an d f ollow19along 2. 168w. 5. 25 5.ios 255aligned . 255. 2 40 . 5. 97 it h101 real- w or ld lab scenar t o each ex am t op19 ic, 2. w168 it h or host bw it hout t h e act ual 19equip 2. 168ment . 5. 102 25 5. 255 . 255. 2 40 19 2. 168 . 5. 97 host cEst ablish a baseline 19 2.and 168 docu . 5. 103 ment y our ph ysical 25 5. and 255logical . 255. 2n40 et w or k

19 2. 168 . 5. 97

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Exa m pl e 6 - 7 . Pi ng Test f r om host a t o t h e 1 9 0 0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in192.168.5.100 st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s C:\>ping " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Pinging 192.168.5.100 with 32 bytes of data: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Request timed out. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Request timed out. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Request timed env iron mentout. s Request out. Desig ned timed for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Ping statistics for. Full 192.168.5.100: Tr oubleshoot ing exam of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSent = 4, = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), w or ldPackets: ap plicat ion of LAN andReceived WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

As y ou can see, t he pin g f r om host a t o t h e 190 0 sw it ch failed . Soft war e conf igur at ion is one t hing, b bet t er hav e t h e ph ysical m ean s of get t ing t he packet s f r om t he h ost t o t he sw it ch. That m eans y ou and a st r aight - t hr ough cable at t h at ; so p lug it in and t r oubleshoot fur t h er u nt il y our pings are su cc y ou ar e at it , v erif y all ph ysical connect ivit y ag ainst t h e chapt er scen ario in Figur e 6- 1 . Next v alid at e comm un icat ion s up t hr oug h t he App licat ion Lay er by u sin g y our w eb br ow ser ( I n t ern e or Net scap e) on host a t o m anage t he sw it ch as in Figur e 6- 2 . •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Figu r e 6 - 2 . Accessi ng 1 9 0 0 Th r oug h a W e b Br ow se r

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

[ View full size im age]

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s he ir e1t 9 o 0sp n ply et w or k issu es ges, and ex per iment w it h t he HTTP in t erf ace a b it , inclu Nam e" Snif t he f" swt it chwsw 0 ot , ap y our chan t he cab le fr om one por t t o anot h er . Now t hat you conf irm ed operat ion s fr om t h e Phy sical t hr ough t h Analy local andt hr eem ot e0,access pr oblem in Et hern et figu net rat w orion ks,as in clud w itClear h App licat ionze Lay er s on 190 p roceed t o t hes 351 2XL con in Exing amissues ple 6- 8. an y p cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay lin k, conf ig ur at ion and set up t he I P addr ess and su bnet mask . aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

Exa m pliron e 6ment - 8 . sCle a r in g t he Ex ist in g Conf i gur a t i on on t he sw 3 5 1 2 XL U si ng env I OS Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical Sterase c3512xl#write ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. c3512xl#reload CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g ...

The system is not configured to boot automatically.

The

following command will finish loading the operating system software: boot

•

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switch:bootI ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. "flash:c3500XL-c3h2s-mz-112.8.2-SA6.bin"...##### Har rington Loading

############################################################################ Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

File "flash:c3500XL-c3h2s-mz-112.8.2-SA6.bin" uncompressed and installed, entry poi I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

executing... Restricted Rights Legend ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s bInternetwork ased on Cisco IOperating n t ern et w or kSystem Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Cisco Software Wit h (tm) t his b C3500XL ook, you can: IOS Software (C3500XL-C3H2S-M), Version 11.2(8.2)SA6,

...

MAINTENANCE INTERIM SOFTWARE Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies My sw it ch h as some in t erest ing issues in t hat it d oes not boot u p aut om at ically . Look up t he m essag w ebsitDiagn e so ose t hat and y ou tcan fix t he e oblem if a similar t y pe ing of t hing o oryou r oublesh ootboot act uissu al pr s by f ollow alonghap w itpens h autt h p r. ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Now t h at y ou hav e clear ed t he cont ent s of NVRAM, conf ig ur e t he host nam e and I P p aram et er s as in 9. View e st con figu ion in ed RAM. Uset hin r u ct or rat - d ev elop p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Exa m pl e 6 - 9 . Conf i gur i ng t h e 3 5 1 2 XL Usi ng t h e Ci sco I OS

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Switch>enable App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Switch#configure terminal Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Switch(config)#hostname sw3512XL Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, SW3512XL(config)#ip address CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh 192.168.5.99 oot in g g ives y ou255.255.255.240 an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ^ CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e % input marker.ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im Invalid por t ant con cep t s detected cen t ral t o tat h e '^' t r oubleshoot

SW3512XL(config)#end SW3512XL#show running-config ... hostname SW3512XL •

Table of Content s

• I ndex interface VLAN1 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

ip L.route-cache Byno Donna Har rington interface FastEthernet0/1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 interface FastEthernet0/2 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

...

Pages: 84 0

SW3512XL#configure terminal SW3512XL(config)#interface vlan1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble SW3512XL(config-if)#ip t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ernaddress et w or k Tr192.158.5.99 oub leshoot in g 255.255.255.240 ( CI T) t opics. SW3512XL(config-if)#no shut Wit h t his b ook, you can: SW3512XL(config-if)#end Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e running-config act ual equip ment startup-config SW3512XL#copy Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k SW3512XL#show running-config ... I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies hostname SW3512XL Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g interface VLAN1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ip address 192.158.5.99 255.255.255.240 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es no ip route-cache Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ... cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) ITE nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP NO Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPNot Pr act udnies: Tr oublesh oottinhe g IgPives y ou e ov erint t he com pet it ion ough e h ical ow yStou eeded t o assign addr essan t o edg a logical er face such as tinhrt erf acer ealvlan 1 f or w or ldand ap plicat ionem ofent LAN and WAN opam ics.ple 6- 9. Th is is com m on for Lay er 2 - based I OS swit ches. m anag pur poses in tEx CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 6 - 1 0 . Fix t h e 3 5 1 2 XL M an ua l Boot I ssu e

SW3512XL>enable SW3512XL#show boot •

Table of Content s

• BOOT path-list: I ndex

flash:c3500XL-c3h2s-mz-112.8.2-SA6.bin

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Config By Donna L.file: Har rington

flash:config.text

Enable Break:

1

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, Manual Boot:

20 03

yes

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 HELPER path-list:

NVRAM/Config file buffer size:

32768

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble SW3512XL#configure t icket s b ased on Cisco Iterminal n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. SW3512XL(config)#no Wit h t his b ook, you can:boot manual SW3512XL(config)#end Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e running-config act ual equip ment startup-config SW3512XL#copy ... Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her SW3512XL#reload t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Proceed with reload? [confirm] Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s C3500XL Boot Loader (C3500-HBOOT-M) Version 11.2(8.1)SA6, MAINTENANCE INTERIM SOFTW " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Compiled Fri 14-May-99 17:59 by jchristy Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h starting... cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:d0:79:68:84:80 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ... env iron ment s Desig ned INIT: for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on C3500XL Complete Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, SW3512XL>enable CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ionboot of LAN and WAN t op ics. SW3512XL#show CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trflash:c3500XL-c3h2s-mz-112.8.2-SA6.bin oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e BOOT path-list: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Config file:

flash:config.text

Enable Break:

1

Manual Boot:

no

HELPER path-list: •

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NVRAM/Config file

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

buffer size:

32768

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Set u p I h ost c1- 58 as720 in -0Table SBN: 57 -0 6 - 2. Ensur e connect ivit y b et ween host c and t he 351 2XL w it h m e in Ex am pl Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 6 - 1 1 . Pin g Te st f r om sw 3 5 1 2 XL t o h ost c

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble SW3512XL>ping 192.168.5.103 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Sending 100-byte Wit h t his b5, ook, you can:ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.103, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Success rate percent (0/5) w it hout t h eisact0ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k SW3512XL>show ip interface brief I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh owStatus , clear , debu g, an d ot her Protocol Interface IP-Address OK? Method t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies VLAN1 192.158.5.99 YES NVRAM up up Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e YES com m and inpdown ut , ou t put , and loggin g down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned unset ...

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es FastEthernet0/12 unassigned

YES unset

down

down

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h GigabitEthernet0/1 unassigned unset b andw downidt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- wdown cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and YES collisions, ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e GigabitEthernet0/2 unassigned YES unset down down App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g SW3512XL>enable env iron ment s SW3512XL#configure terminal Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP SW3512XL(config)#interface Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr vlan1 act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSW3512XL(config-if)#ip 255.255.255.240 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN andaddress WAN t op192.168.5.99 ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e SW3512XL(config-if)#end im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

SW3512XL#copy running-config startup-config SW3512XL#show ip interface brief Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

VLAN1

192.168.5.99

YES manual up

up

unassigned

YES unset

down

down

YES unset

up

up

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FastEthernet0/1

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

...

By Donna L. Har rington

FastEthernet0/11

unassigned

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

SW3512XL#ping 192.168.5.103 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.103, timeout is 2 seconds: Pages: 84 0

!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/202/1004 ms Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit t his b ook, you frcan: As yhou can conf irm om t h e sh aded out pu t , I t y ped incorr ect ly w hen I put in t he I P ad dr ess. My fir s how ev er , m igh t hav e b een t hat t her e is a cable p r oblem . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Mov e along t o t he 2 900 Cat OS- based sw it ch . Clear t h e con figu rat ion an d conf igur e t h e swit ch as in w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 12 . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl eif y6t-r 1oublesh 2 . Cleoot aring i ng Confpin i gur 0 0 , Usin g an Cadtot Oher S I dent t aran getd s using g, tirng ace,t h sheow2, 9clear debu g, t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly(enable) st ( r ) OS and Ciscoconfig I OS( r ) all Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat2900> clear in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion min et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s This Use command will clear all configuration NVRAM. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es This command will cause ifIndex to be reassigned on the next system startup. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Do you want to continue (y/n) [n]? y cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ........ App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g System cleared. envconfiguration iron ment s Console> (enable) system name sw2900 Desig ned for aspir ing set CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP System nameing set. Tr oubleshoot exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealsw2900> (enable) set and interface w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN WAN t opsc0 ics. 1 192.168.5.98 255.255.255.240 Interface sc0Stvlan IP address netmask CCNP Pr act ical ud ies:set, Tr oublesh oot in g p rand ovides y ou w itset. h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sw2900> (enable) set interface sc0 up Interface sc0 administratively up. sw2900> (enable) show config ... •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By L. Har rington I f Donna y ou hav e one, set

t h e Window s NT Serv er w it h 192 .1 68. 5. 1 10/ 2 8 an d a gat ew ay of 19 2. 16 8. 5. 97 ping t est f r om t he Win dow s NT Ser v er t o sw 290 0. D on't be con cer ned if y ou don' t hav e a Nov ell Ser Wind Pub ows lish er: NTCisco Serv Press er on y our serv er far m . Th e adv ant age t o h aving a ser ver is y ou can t ur n on a rou pr otPub ocol or April t he 0ser ver Datf e: 4, 20 03 t o lear n t he rou t es out of t he net w or k if y ou h ave mu lt ip le w ays out . Because r eally on ly has one-0 57 way I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 out , a defau lt gat ew ay serv es t he pur pose j ust f ine. Aft er y ou set up t he 29 r out erPages: , use 84 t h0e rou t er t o t est con nect iv it y as in Ex am ple 6- 14.

When y ou cleared t he Cat OS box , t he d ef ault nam e w as console. You g ave it a sy st em nam e and co conf ig ur ed a pr om pt t o ov er r ide t h e syst em nam e. Th e next par t of t he conf igur at ion is t he sc0 por t st ands for Su perv isor Con sole 0 . I t is t h e in- ban d I P m anagem en t p ort for t he b ox ( so y ou can t elne exam ple) . Th is is eq uiv alent t o t he in t er fa ce vl a n # com m and in Ex am ple 6- 9 f or t h e I OS b ox. The Hand s-conf on prigact ice for t heom CCNP w it LAN, W AN ouble show h ave been it t edTrh oubleshoot er e f or br eving it y.exam How ev erh, TCP/ showI P,conf ig an in dCat OS tgriv es y ou ab out icket s b ased I ngt ern etm w and or k Tr oub in g (wCI t opics. t he show st a rton upCisco - confi com y ou arleshoot e f am iliar it hT)on t he r out er in I OS. You w ill hav e an opp look at it lat er. Wit h t his b ook, you can: All t h ree of t h ese sw it ch es por t r ay t he t y pes of com m ands y ou need t o supp ort dif fer en t Cisco sw it c The 1 900 is k ind of an over lay of t he Cisco I OS. The 35 00 ser ies sw it ches u se t he Cisco I OS, w h ich u pe an d f ollow w iterh s.realor lder lab o each optic, it h orseries I OS ySet ou ar used t o on along t he r out Thewold 290scenar 0s ar eios oftaligned en t hou tght of asexpam art tof he w 5 000 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment because t hey u se t he set , sh ow , an d cle ar com m ands ref er r ed t o as Cat OS. This also is sim ilar t o on t he 6 000 / 650 0 sw it ches used in m any p r act ical env ir onm en t s t oday . Th e sect ion on I OS and Cat Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k help you supp or t bot h op er at ing sy st em s ov er a v ar iet y of h ar dw are plat for m s. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Next , com p are y our phy sical t opology t o Figur e 6- 3 , w her e I h ave p r ovided a lit t le m or e det ail. Alt h t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies m ay hav e exp er ienced a lit t le vag ueness, t he point of not t ellin g y ou w her e t o p lu g in t h e cables t hu emp hasize t hat and it r eally doesnoot 't m atut er onoblem a Lay serby2 fdevice ( asalong lon g w asit h t he speeds e com pat ible) . Diagn ose t r oublesh act al pr ollow ing aut h or- p rar ovided w ill be easier for y ou t o f ollow along if you r earr ang e y our ph ysical connect ions t o m at Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ch t h e new d up dat e y our d ocum en t at ion appr opr iat ely . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Figu r e 6 - 3 . Ne w Scen ar i o Di ag r am Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: The n ex t t ask is t o p repar e t he r out er y ou hav e been u sing f or r 3 per Figur e 6- 3 . Erase t h e config ur w ri t e e ra se or e ra se st a rt an d con figu re t he r out er as in Ex am ple 6- 13. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Exa m pl e 6 - 1 3 . Con f igu r in g t he Rout er Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Router(config)#hostname r3 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r3(config)#enable secret Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco donna I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r3(config)#line Use in st r u ct or -vty d ev elop 0 4 ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r3(config-line)#login Analy ze local and r em ot edonna access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r3(config-line)#password cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , 0encapsulat ion, and mor e r3(config-line)#line console App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r3(config-line)#logging synchronous env iron ment s r3(config-line)#exit Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r3(config)#interface fastEthernet 2/0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr3(config-if)#description r3fa2/0 to CatOS sw2900 2/3 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.97 255.255.255.240 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r3(config-if)#no shut r3(config-if)#exit r3(config)#interface loopback 10 r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.6.100 255.255.255.240 •

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r3(config-if)#no shut

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r3(config-if)#exit By Donna L. Har rington

r3(config)#router rip Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r3(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r3(config-router)#network 192.168.6.0 Pages: 84 0

r3(config-router)#end r3#copy running-config startup-config Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit his tboook, yousucan: Nowh ttest m ake re t he r out er can comm un icat e w it h t h e host s as in Ex am ple 6- 14. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

Exa m e 6t-h1e 4act . ual Pinequip g Tement st s f r om t h e Rou t e r w itpl hout

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent192.168.5.101 if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r3#ping t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.101, timeout is 2 seconds: Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided .....Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r3#ping 192.168.5.102 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Sending 5, 100-byte Echos toion 192.168.5.102, 2 seconds: cabling, sp eed and ICMP du plex , u t ilizat and collisions, btimeout andw idt h,is CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ..... App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Success rate iss 0 percent (0/5) env iron ment r3#ping Desig ned 192.168.5.103 for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Type escapeing sequence to ofabort. Tr oubleshoot exam . Full pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSending 5, 100-byte Echos w or ld ap plicat ion of LANICMP and WAN t opto ics.192.168.5.103, timeout is 2 seconds: CCNP .!!!! Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms

Ex am ple 6- 14 clearly illust r at es t hat r 3 can pin g h ost c, ( well at least fou r out of fiv e t im es) but not host b. Look at y our cur r en t d raw ing t o help y ou det erm ine wh er e t o st ar t t r oub leshoot in g. I f r 3 can host c, check Table en d- tofo-Content end phs ysical connect ivit y bet w een t he r out er an d t he h ost as w ell as add ressin g • •

I ndex

You should hav e gleaned t hat t he f irst ping fr om r 3 t o host c w as m issed due t o Add ress Resolu t ion ( ARP) and t hat t he rig ht h alf of t he net w or k is w or kin g b ut t he left half is br ok en . Wor k y our w ay ou By Donna Har rington r out er t oL. host a an d h ost b t o f in d t he issu es. Ex am ple 6- 15 sh ows t he p ort st at us of p ort 1/ 1 on t he CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ExaPub mDat ple:e April 6 - 10 4,5 20 . Test i ng t h e 2 9 0 0 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

sw2900> (enable) show port 1/1 Port

Name

Status

Vlan

Level

Duplex Speed Type

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ----- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ------ ------ ----- -----------t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 1/1 Wit h t his b ook, you can:

connected

1

normal

half

100 100BaseTX

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Rev iew t he por t st at us on t h e 190 0 in Ex am ple 6- 16. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent ootiing Exa m pl eif y6t-r 1oublesh 6 . Test ngt ar t hget e s1using 9 0 0 pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Catalyst 1900 - Usage Summaries Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s [P] Port Status Report " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [A] Port Addressing Report Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h [E] Exception Report cabling, sp eed andStatistics du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e [U] Utilization Statistics Report App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env ment s [B]iron Bandwidth Usage Report Desig ned aspir ingMain CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on [X] for Exit to Menu Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing examP. Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Enter Selection: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN WAN tStatus op ics. Report Catalyst 1900and - Port CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r13 ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 1 : Enabled : Suspended-no-linkbeat im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

2

: Enabled

14 : Suspended-no-linkbeat

... Catalyst 1900 - Main Menu [C] Console Settings •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

[N] Network Management

By Donna L. Har rington

[P] Port Configuration Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Addressing Pub[A] Dat e: Port April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

...

Pages: 84 0

[H] Help [X] Exit Management Console Hand pr act ice for Pt he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Enters- on Selection: t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Identify Port: 1 to 24[1-24], [AUI], [A], [B]: Wit h t his b ook, you can: Select [1 - 24, AUI, A, B]:

A

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Catalyst 1900 - Port w it hout t h e act ual equip ment A Configuration Built-in 100Base-TX Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k STP State: 1 d ot her I dent802.1d if y t r oublesh oot ing t arForwarding get s using pin g, t rForward ace, sh owTransitions: , clear , debu g, an t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Auto-negotiation status: Half duplex Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

NO TE Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, The m ain m en u and ot her out p ut hav e been elimin at ed f rom t he d isp lay wh er e y ou see . . . in se aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e inst ances. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s The 2 900 can get t o t he 190 0 b ut not t o t h e host s, so cont inu e t o t rou blesh oot . Alt houg h not sh own Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on can' t com mu nicat e w it h host a or h ost b eit her . Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, My PCs w er e u sed for ot her pu rp oses an d w h en I last conf igur ed host a, f or some reason it didn 't t ak CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealadd ress. I had t o set it f or Dy nam ic Host Configu r at ion Pr ot ocol ( D HCP) an d t hen m anu ally con figu r w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. add ress t o clear t h e pr oblem. Host b , on t he ot her hand , did not shut dow n pr oper ly aft er t h e new a conf ig ur ed , so it st ill had an old add ress on anot h er su bnet . Th e ip con fi g/ w in ipcfg t ools are quit e CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e illust rat in g t hese t yp es of issues on t he h ost s. Learn in g t hr ough an exp er ience such as t his one is w im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

t r oub leshoot ing is all ab out . Aft er f ixin g t he host addr esses, ping f rom t he 2 900 t o t he h ost s and analy ze t he MAC ad dr ess t ab le Ex am ple 6- 17.

Exa m pl e 6 - 1 7 . Pin gin g t h e Host s f r om t h e 2 9 0 0 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

sw2900> (enable) ping 192.168.5.101 By Donna L. Har rington

192.168.5.101 is alive Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 sw2900> (enable) ping 192.168.5.102 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

192.168.5.102 is alive Pages: 84 0 sw2900> (enable) show cam dynamic * = Static Entry. + = Permanent Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry. X = Port Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Security Entry t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. VLAN Dest MAC/Route Des Wit h t his b ook, you can: ----

Destination Ports or VCs / [Protocol Type]

1

------------------ ---------------------------------------------------Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 1/1 [ALL] w it00-90-92-2a-76-9a hout t h e act ual equip ment

1

1/1ment [ALL] Est00-80-c7-aa-c8-87 ablish a baseline and docu y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

1

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s[ALL] using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 00-50-04-df-5f-3c 1/2 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 00-10-4b-a5-ae-50 1/1 [ALL] Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I 1/2 OS( r [ALL] ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 00-d0-79-68-84-8d

1 1

in st r u ct orCAM - d evEntries elop ed p rob lem - isolat=ion TotalUse Matching Displayed 5 m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Accor aut din og tnegot o t heiat 290 0, addr t h e host s ar e alive andion, t herand e ar mor e enet r ies in t he con t en t ad dr essable m emor y ion, essing , encapsulat host a, h ost b, an d h ost c. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on NO Cisco( r) ITE nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, of ical t en h onit or toot he inlear esses e sw it ch , titoion d iffter iat er ealt h at Laye CCNPI tPrisact Stelp udful ies:t oTrmoublesh g gned ivesMAC y ou ad an dr edg e ovin er t h t he com pet hrent ough w or king , y et Lay er 3 is not . On a Cat OS sw it ch , t he com m and is show ca m dy na m i c, an d on w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. sw it ch t h e com m and is show m a c- ad dre ss- t ab le . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Now f or t he t ru e end- t o- en d t est , m ak e sur e t he h ost s can p ing each ot her an d t h e loopback on t h e First , v iew t he I P configu r at ion on host a as in Ex am ple 6- 18. Th en per for m t h e ping t est s in Ex am p

Exa m pl e 6 - 1 8 . h ost a I P Conf ig ur a t ion •

Table of Content s

•C:\>ipconfig I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Windows IP Configuration By Donna L. 2000 Har rington Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Connection-specific DNS Suffix

. :

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 0 IP84Address.

. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.5.101

Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.240 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.5.97 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pl e 6 - 1 9 . h ost a p in g Te st s Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment C:\>remark Est ablishhosta a baseline pingsand itself docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if192.168.5.101 y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her C:\>ping t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Pinging 192.168.5.101 with 32 bytes of data: Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided aly st192.168.5.101: ( r ) OS and Cisco I bytes=32 OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ReplyCat from time show l oggi ng ?

• set t ra ce ? I ndex

# de bug

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

show By Donna tL.r ace Har rington show hi st ory

# show de bu g > hi st or y

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

setPub span 1 20/ 4, 5b Dat e:1/April 20ot 03h inp kt s I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

show spa n

Pages: 84 0

( conf ig ) # in t er fa ce fa 0 / 1 2 ( conf ig - if) # por t m oni t or ( mon it ors all por t s t o fa0 / 12 ) ( conf ig - if) # por t m oni t or fa0 / 2 ( mon it ors por t 2 t o por t 12)

showwpor t m oni or Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing #exam it h TCP/ I P,t LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. # show m oni t or Wit h t his ook, you can: [ * ] ban [* * ] SNMP d RMON set syst e m con t act don na h ar ringt on 41 0( conf ig ) # snm p- se rv er cont a ct don na h ar ringt on u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab 41 scenar ios45aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 12 3-Set 45 67 0- 12 367 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment set syst e m loca t ion b ldg r m r ack loc ( conf ig ) # snm p- se rv er l oca t i on b ldg r m r ack loc Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k set snm p com m uni t y r ead - only pub lic ( conf ig ) # snm p- se rv er com m u nit y pu blic r o I dentpiftyr ap t r oublesh oot get s using pin g,( conf t r ace, ow , clear her. 5. 101 pu blic set snm 19 2. 168 . 5.ing 101t ar pu blic ig )sh # snm p- se ,rvdebu er hg, ostan 19d 2.ot168 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies set snm p t r ap enable ( conf ig ) # snm p e na bl e t ra ps snm p Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided show snm p ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com # show p , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly st m andsnm inp ut set snm p r m on enable ( conf ig ) # rm on ? Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s > show r m on st at ist ics " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es I P h ost comm an ds Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h set ip r ou t e sp deeed fa uland t 19 2. ( conf ig ) # ip d ef au at e w aCD, y 19on 2. 168 5. 97 cabling, du168 plex. 5. , u97 t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idtlth,- gCSMA/ e- w .ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e show i p r out e > show i p r out e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Con figu rat ion m anag em ent env iron ment s Aut om at ic # copy ru n st a rt / w ri t e m em ( sav e conf ig ) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on w ri t er)19I2. . 5.w101 os.cf g # copy n tare ft p/yw t e ne cop y con fig t o t ft p ) Cisco( nt168 er net ork cat Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat ru p r ep ouri for t het (CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, confi gur e 19 2. 168 . 5. 101 cat os.cf g # copy t f t p r un/ confi gur e ne t ( cop y con fig fr om CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealt f t p) w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Op er at ing syst em m anag em ent CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

copy fl a sh t f t p

# copy fl a sh :cat i os.b in t ft p :

up loa d 19 2. 168 . 5. 101 cat os.b in copy t f t p f la sh

# copy t f t p:/ / < ip > / cat i os. b in fl ash: ne w i os.b in

dow nl oad 19 2. 168 . 5. 101 cat os.b in m of Content s • re set syst eTable •

# re l oa d

I ndex VLANs an d VTP[ ]

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

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show v t pprdom ai nfor t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing (exam v lan) #weitxi Hand s- on act ice h tTCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. # show v t p st a t us Wit h t his b ook, you can: [*]

SNMP = Sim ple Netw or k Managem ent Pr otocol

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or [w * *it ] hout actotual equip ment RMONt =h eRem e Monitoring [

] VTP = VLAN Trun kingand Pr otocol Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

NO Diagn TEose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ch eck out t h e new er m et hod s for con figu rin g VLANs at wUse w win .cisco. st r u ctcom or - d/ univ ev elop ercd/ ed cc/ p rob t d /lem doc/ - isolat pr oduct ion / m lan et/ hods cat 2 950 t o r/ esolv 121 11ea1/ e Tr ouble scg/ Tick sw v lan et s . ht m # xt ocid7 . This is p ref er able b ecause t h e VLAN in for m at ion is par t of t h e t ext u al conf ig ur at ion rat h er Snif in f" tahe w ir eatt o ot dat n et wfile. or k issu es t"han separ e vsplan. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

IOS-Based Switches

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment The I OSbased swsit ch es use basically t h e sam e I OS as Cisco r out er s. Ex am ples in clu de 29 00XL, 35 00XL, 60 00, an d 355 0. A pr act ical ex am ple t oday is t he 65 00 r unn in g in nat iv e m ode. Sw it ch Desig ned for ing aspir ing such CCNPas and CCI E( r)ks, prRMON, of essionals, t his indors, isp en sab le lab ,g uide uilds on t r oub leshoot t ools CiscoWor LED in dicat p ing, t elnet CiscobDiscov er y Pr ot o Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ( CD P) , SPAN, v ar iou s show com m ands, an d d eb ug ar e quit e h elp ful if in f act y ou u nder st and w hat y Tr exam .isFull act ical t h at f or sw challenges ar oubleshoot e lookin g ating . Debug n ot of avpr ailab le onexter hecises Cat OS likgeetit yisouonr eady t h e I OS it ch es. on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld apt plicat ion pr ofovid LANesand t op ics. The n ex sect ion a quWAN ick ov erv iew of t he t er m inology associat ed w it h t he Cat 500 0/ Cat 6 000 ar ch it ect u re. For m or e det ails on t his t op ic, refer t o t he ot her Cisco Pr ess t it les and Cisco.com . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Cat5000/Cat6000 Architecture Besid es t he por t s, sever al ot her com pon en t s m ake up t he ov erall archit ect ur e of a sw it ch. Th e sw it ch in g en gine m ak es decisions, and t h e sw it ch m em or y bu ff er s f ram es f rom por t t o por t . Th e sw it ch in g fabr ic conn ect s all t he com ponent s t oget her. For ex am ple, dev ices such as t he Cat alyst •29 00XL, 35 00XL, Table of Content and 40 00s deploy a shar ed m em or y fab ric wh er e all p or t s shar e t he sam e •m em or y p ool. I ndex The Cat 5000 an d Cat 600 0 are st or e- and- for w ard sw it ches t hat use a sw it ching CCNP P ra cal ur St udi es: Trrouble bu s ar chcti it ect e ar bit at ionshoot m eting hod w here a cen t r al bus arb it er w ork s w it h an arb it er on each line car dL. t Har o cont r ol q ueuing for each por t . Th e 650 0 wit h a fabr ic m odu le inst alled deploy s a By Donna rington crossbar f abr ic w her eb y har dw ar e- based ASI Cs p rov ide m an y sw it ching p at hs; t h is is also k now n as a n onblock in g archit ect ur e. Nonblock in g in a nut sh ell m eans t h at t he sw it ch has mor e Pub lish er: Cisco Press ban dw idt h t han all t h e por t s t og et her. The 65 00 can also d ep loy a local sw it ch ing fabr ic so local Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 por t s d o n ot hav e t o go t hr oug h t h e sw it ch in g f abr ic. Modu lar swit ches d ed icat e slot 1 f or t h e SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Sup er vI isor Engin e t hat m onit or s syst em com ponent s as w ell as t he sw it ching fu nct ions w it hin 84 0is list cont ains som e com mon t er m in ology and f unct ionalit y of t h e 500 0: t he swPages: it ch. Th Et h er n et por t s u se a cust om ASI C called Sy ner gy Ad van ced I n t erf ace and Net wor k Term inat ion ( SAI NT) . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Ot h er por t s use a cu st om ASI C called Sy ner gy Adv anced Gat e- Arr ay Engine ( SAGE) . t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. En cod ed Add r ess Recognit ion Log ic ( EARL) is an ASI C t hat w ork s w it h bus arb it rat ion f or Wit h t his b ook, you can: pack et t r ansfer s. The w or Man agement er scenar Cont r ol ocessort o( NMP/ gric, eg at Set uNet p an d kf ollow along w itPr h ocessor/ real- w orMast ld lab iosPraligned each MCP) ex amag t op w ites h dat or a fr om pr ocesses such as SNMP and RMON and includes inf or mat ion f rom STP, CDP, and VTP. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Built - in Gat Ar r ay ( and BI GA) conment nect sy our t he NMP t o t he 2- Gbpsn bus. Est ablish ae baseline docu ph ysical and1.logical et w or k Lin e- m le Com m unicat ionget Processor ( LCP) I dent if yodu t r oublesh oot ing t ar s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies A t yp ical Cat alyst pow er- u p self- t est in clud es su ch t h ings as an LED ch eck , m emor y t est , and add nit ionoot logact ic su chprasoblem ROM,s RAM, EARL, d Boot 6- 8 g ives y ou Diagn oser ess andr ecog t r oublesh u al by f ollow ing an along w itROM. h aut hFigur or- p er ovided a v isual of on e of t he h igher en d m od ular Cat aly st 6 000 fam ily dev ices in case Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g y ou don 't hav e any t h in g lik e t h is in y our lab . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Figu r e 6 - 8 . Ca t a ly st 6 5 0 9 Se r ie s Sw it che s Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h it s dr ast ic incr ease in capacit y and t hr oug hpu t , t he Cat 60 00 is a v ery pow er f ul b ig br othh ter / sist er t oyou t hecan: 500 0 series. I f you ar e f amiliar w it h t he 4 000 or 5 000 , y ou ar e w ell on y our Wit his b ook, w ay t o su ppor t ing t h e 600 0s. Cat OS and t h e nat iv e I OS m od es ar e b ot h available, alt hou gh not all f eat u r es ar e sup por t ed in bot h . The follow in g list con t ains som e com m on t erm inolog y and fu nct ionalit Set u py an of dt he f ollow 600 0: along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The Cat alyst sw it ch pr ocessor ( SP) ycon sy st em ionn, et por t m Est ablish a baseline and docu ment ourt rols ph ysical andoperat logical w or k anagem en t , and ser v ices such as STP, VLANs, VTP, I n t ern et Gr oup Man agement Pr ot ocol ( I GMP) , DDSN I dent Tr ansfer if y tPr r oublesh ot ocol (oot DTP) ing, tand ar get prsov using ides pin t he g, p hy t r ace, sical sh console ow , clear connect , debu ion g, dur an ding ot her t he in it ial t r oub. leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies boot The MSFC Diagn ose and is t ht er oublesh rou t e proot ocessor act u al( RP) pr oblem t h at sp rov by fides ollowLay ingeralong 3 fu nct w itionalit h aut h y orand p rcont ovided r ols t he Cat aly CEF t able st ( r )soOS t hat andallCisco rou t ing I OS( t ak r ) es Sof p tlace w ar eincom har m d war ande.inp I t ut con , ou t rols t putser , and vices loggin su chgas CDP an d PagP and pr ov ides t he p hy sical console connect ion aft er t he sy st em is up and r un ning. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s The MSFC m ay hav e a policy feat ur e car d ( PFC) as a daug ht er card . This p rov ides QOS " Snif f" t he ir e tsecur o sp ot w or es as v irt ual access cont r ol list s ( VACLs) . capabilit ieswand it yn feteat u rkesissu such Analy r emon ot et haccess oblem et wnet w or ks, in clud w it h( wh ich Hy br idzemlocal ode. and Cat OS e Superprvisor f ors in LayEterhern 2 for ar ding and I OS ing on tissues h e MSFC cabling, sp eed du3plex t ilizat b andw h, mod CSMA/ is opt ion al) f or and Lay er for ,wuard ing.ion Catand OS collisions, is t he d ef ault f or idt t h is e. CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Nat iv e m ode. I nt egr at ed sin gle I OS im age on t he Sup er v isor wit h only a boot load er im age App lay er ed t rou ing er met odology o r ealon t ly he aMSFC. Oper atblesh es asoot a Lay 3 hr out er b y tdefau lt .life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Use t he show v er sion com m and t o see w hich mod e y ou ar e u sin g. I f y ou see MSFC in t h e Desigim ned fornam aspir essionals, isp enifsab lab ghav uide b uilds age e,ing y ouCCNP kn owand y ouCCI areE(inr) t hpreofhy br id m od te;hisw ind hereas y oule just e an im agon e w it h Cisco(sup r) I fnt neter w ork bleshoot in g (inCIgT)in t int op egr ics tathat ep are ou t hee.CCNP orersup v isorTrou , y ou ar e operat ed pI rOS or nyat iveformod Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP dless Regar Pr act ical of t he St ud d ev ies: ice,Trpay oublesh par toot icular in g at g ives t ent ion y out oant he edg LED e ovsterat tus hean com d ppet ortitsion t o assist t hr ough y our ealin w orrld nar owap ing plicat dowion n sw ofitLAN ch prand oblems. WAN Table t op ics.6 - 8 d isp lays t he LED p art of t he t echn ical sp ecificat ions for t he 6 000 f rom Cisco.com . Table 6 - 9 d isp lays t he fields associat ed w it h show por t . Ph ysical CCNP Praact ical tSt Tr oublesh ootare in g key p r ovides y ou twing it h sw p ract inf or and Dat Link arud geties: s such as t hese t o su ppor it chical ed env ir mat onmion en t on s. all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Tab le 6 -8 . Cat a ly st 6 0 0 0 LEDs LED • •

St a t us

Sup er v isor Engin e st at us LED Or an ge Table of Content s I ndex

Mod ule is boot ing ; r un ning diag nost ics; minor t emp er at u re t hr eshold ex ceeded; st andb y m ode w it h r ed undan t sup er v isor s.

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Gre en Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

All diag nost ics pass; m odule is op er at ional. Re d

Pages: 84 0

Failed diagn ost ics; m aj or t emp er at u re t hr eshold exceeded; m odule n ot op er at ional. Sy st em LED display s ch assis Gre en env iron ment al st at us Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP All Tr oubleshoot exam h on TCP/ I P, okay LAN,. an d W AN t r ouble chassis en ing vir onm entw alit m it ors t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Or an ge Wit h t his b ook, you can: Pow er- sup ply f ailu re; in com p at ible pow er supp lies inst alled; pow er - su pply f an failur e; m inor b ack plan e t emp er at u re Set u p an d f ollow along w itthhrrealw orex ldceeded; lab scenar t o each ex amf ailu t op ic, eshold r edios undaligned ant backp lan e clock r e. w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Re d Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Sup er v isor Engin e over t em per at ur e condit ion ; m ajor backp lane I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t art em get perat s using t r ace, shceeded. ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her u r epin t hrg,esh old ex t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Sup er v isor Act iv e LED Gre en Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Op er ional actm iv e. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r )atSof t w arand e com and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ge- isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed pOr roban lem Stor and by m " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w k issu esode. PWR MGMT ( Pow er Gre en Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Man agement ) LED cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Suf ficien t p ower f or all m odu les. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Or an ge App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s I nsuf ficient pow er f or all m odu les. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and Lig CCI pr oftessionals, t his sab le lab g uide b uilds on PCMCI A LED htE( s r) w hen he PCMCI A d evind iceisp isen accessed. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

LI NK LEDs for Gig abit Et h er n et por t s on t he Sup er v isor Engin e

Gre en Por t is op er at ional. Or an ge

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Soft war e d isab led ( solid ) ; d isab led due t o h ard w are f ailur e ( f lashin g) .

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Tab le 6 -9 . show por t Com m an d O u t pu t Fi el ds

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Fie ld I SBN: Por t

scri 1- 58 720D -0e57 -0 pt i on

Pages: 84 0

Nam e

Mod ule and por t num ber . Nam e of por t if conf igur ed ( descr ipt ion) .

St at u s

St at u s of t he p ort such as con nect ed , not conn ect ed, f ault y , r emf ault , d isab le, r em d isable, conf igerr , r em cf ger r, or disagr ee. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Vlan s b ased on Cisco VLANsI nttoern w hich t belongs. t icket et w ort he k Trpor oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Du plex aut o, fu ll, f dx , h alf , hd x, a- half, a- hdx , a- full, or a- fdx . Wit h t his b ook, you can: Speed aut o, 10, 100 , 15 5, a- 1 0, a- 1 00, 4 , 16 , a- 14 , or a- 1 6. ollow h am realw or ld BASElab scenar ios aligned t o FX each am1t00BASEop ic, w it h or or Ty peSet u p an d fPor t t yalong pe ( forw it ex ple, 100 FX MM, 100 BASESM,ex10/ TX, w it hout t h e act ual equip ment RSM. SecuEst rit yablish a baseline Por t secuand r it y docu st at us. ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Secu re- Sr cSecu re MAC addr ess for t h e secur it y enabled por t . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Add r t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Last - Sr c- Addr Sour ce MAC addr ess of t he last packet receiv ed b y t he p or t . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Shu tCat dowaly n st ( r ) OS St atand u s of w het her rt)he por shumt and d own ecause of ,secu y. Cisco I OS( Sof t wtarweascom inpbut , ou t put andrit loggin g Tr apUse in st r u ct or St-at u selop of wed hetpher por t- isolat t rap is or tdoisabled. d ev rob lem ionenab m etled hods r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s I fI nd ex Num ber of t h e ifI nd ex . " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Br oadcast Br oadcast t h reshold con figu red for t he p ort . Lim itAnaly ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Br oadcast Num ofessing b road,cast / m ult icast s dreopp ed because t h e br oadcast lim it aut o negot iat ion,ber addr encapsulat ion,p ack andetmor Dr op for t he p ort w as exceeded. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Send adm in Flow- con t rol adm inist rat ion . Possib le set t ing s: On ind icat es t h e local por t env iron ment s sen ds f low cont r ol t o t he f ar end; off in dicat es t he local por t does not send con t r oland t o tCCI he E( f arr)end; desir ed in dicat es tisp he en local end ds f low con on t r ol Desig ned for aspirflow ing CCNP pr of essionals, t his ind sab le labsen g uide b uilds t o t he f ar end if t he f ar end su ppor t s it . Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP TrFlowCont oubleshoot Fullt rol of operat pr act ical er cises h att ing g et: yDou r eady f oricat challenges t het sj ob, r ol ing exam Flow-. con ionex . Possib le t set isagr ee ind es t h e t won o por CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealoper could not agr ee on a lin k pr ot ocol. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Receiv e adm in

Flow- con t rol adm inist rat ion . Possib le set t ing s: On ind icat es t h e local por t r eq uir es t he f ar end t o send flow con t rol; off ind icat es t h e local por t d oes not allow t he far end t o send f low cont r ol; d esir ed ind icat es t h e local en d allow s t he far end t o send f low cont r ol.

FlowCont r ol oper

Flow- con t rol operat ion . Possib le set t ing : D isagr ee ind icat es t h e t w o por t s could not agr ee on a lin k pr ot ocol.

• Rx Pause •

Table Num of Content s p ause fr am es receiv ed. ber of I ndex

Tx Pause Num ber of p ause CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L.ort Har Unsupp edrington Num ber

fr am es t r ansmit t ed.

of u nsupp ort ed oper at ing cod es.

Op cod es Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Align- Err

Num ber of f ram es w it h alig nm ent er r ors ( fr am es t hat do not end w it h an ev en of oct et s an d hav e a b ad CRC[ * ] ) receiv ed on t h e por t .

Pub Dat e: April 0 4,nu 20mb 03 er I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

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The n um ber of v alid size f ram es w it h FCS[ * * ] er r or bu t no fr am ing err or s. Num ber of t r ansm it er r ors t hat occur r ed on t h e por t ( in dicat ing t hat t he int er nal t r an sm it buf fer is f ull) .

Rcv - Er r

Num ber of r eceiv e er r or s t hat occu rr ed on t he por t ( indicat ing t hat t he in t ern al r eceive buf fer is f ull) . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s Siz b ased I n t ern w or kedTrf ram oub leshoot g ( CI t opics. Under e on Cisco Num ber of ret eceiv es less in t han 64T)by t es long ( but ar e ot her w ise w ellfor m ed) . Wit h t his b ook, you can: Single- Coll Num ber of t im es one collision occu rr ed befor e t h e por t t ran sm it t ed a f ram e t o t he media su ccessf ully. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Mu lt iNum ber of t im es m ult iple collisions occur r ed b ef ore t he p ort t r ansm it t ed a wColl it hout t h e act ual equip ment fr am e t o t he m edia su ccessf ully. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Lat e- Coll Num ber of lat e collisions ( collisions det ect ed b ey ond 64 by t es) . I dent ootof ingext ar get seusing pin g,t hat t r ace, sh ow clear , debu d otinher Ex cessColif y t r oublesh Num ber cessiv collisions occur r ed, on t he por t g, ( inan dicat g t hat a t r oub leshootfring t ools an d u t ilit ies am e encoun t er ed 16 collisions and w as d iscar ded) . Diagn t r oublesh actt he u alppr s bya fcar ollow h orp r ovided Car r iSen ose and Num ber of toot im es oroblem t sensed r iering ( t oalong d et erwmitinh eaut w het her t h e cab le is Cat aly st ( r ) OS Cisco I OS( r ) Sof cur and r en t ly being used ) . t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ru ntUse s Num ber of ed r eceiv r unt f ram esm( fet ram es tt hat ar e smaller t h Tick an t hetesm inim um in st r u ct or - d ev elop p robed lem - isolat ion hods o r esolv e Tr ouble I EEE 8 02. 3 fr am e size of 64 by t es) on t he p ort . " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Giant s Num ber of r eceiv ed gian t f ram es ( f ram es t h at exceed t h e m axim um I EEE 2. 3 rfrem amoteesize) on pr t he por ts. in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy ze local80and access oblem du plex u t ilizat ion collisions, Last -cabling, Tim e- sp eed Lastand t ime t he p, ort count er and s w ere cleared.b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Clear ed ed tnrou ing t ing andstswit Aut o-App Parly t a lay erThe umblesh ber ofoot t im esmet t hehpodology ort ent ert oedr ealt h elife autrou opar t it ion at e chin du e gt o ex cessiv e env iron mentconsecut s iv e collisions. Dat a-ned r at efor aspirThe um berand of CCI v alidE(size ram es exp ertienced ov er un or u nder r un.b uilds on Desig ing nCCNP r) prfof essionals, his ind isp enr sab le lab g uide m ism at ch Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Sr c- addr The n um ber of t im es t he last sou rce ad dr ess chan ged. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealchang e w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Good - by t es The t ot al nu mb er of oct et s in f ram es w it h no er r or. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Shor t - ev en t

[*] [**]

The n um ber of t im es act iv it y w it h a d ur at ion less t han t h e Shor t Ev ent Max Tim e ( 74 –82 bit t imes) is d et ect ed.

CRC = Cy clical r edundancy check FCS = Fr ame check sequence

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Shooting Trouble with Switches Shoot in g t r ou ble w it h sw it ches r eq uir es t hat you un derst an d Ph ysical and Dat a Lin k Lay er t ar get s an d w ell as n orm al sw it ch operat ion s. A ph ysical and logical m ap is not just som et hin g nice t o hav e but a necessit y in r eal- w or ld oper at ion s. I t is n ot easy t o cr eat e if you don 't •un derst an d hTable of Content ow t hin gs w ors k, in p art icular STP for Lay er 2 d ev ices. You m ust con t inue t o f ollow a •consist ent m et I ndex hodology su ch as t h ose su ggest ed in t he fir st par t of t he b ook t o assist y ou in CCNP cal Stdom udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing isolatPinragctif ault ains. By Donna L. Har rington

I t is p rob ably not a bad id ea t o go b ack and rev iew t he Et hern et and sw it ch b eg in ning check list s and endin g sect ion s on shoot ing t r ouble. All of t h em allu de t o t he f act t h at int er faces ( por t s) are Pub lish er: Cisco Press t he main Dat a Link Lay er t arg et . I t is u p t o y ou t o use k now n- g ood sw it ches, m odules, por t s, Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 cables, con nect or s, an d t r an sceiv er s for con nect iv it y and per for m ance pu r poses. Har dw ar e SBN:ld1-be 58 720 -0 57 -0 issu es Icou a bad or loose cable, a fault y m od ule or por t ; and t hey m ay b e int erm it t ent , in 84 0 r ost at ic dischar ge ( ESD ) m ay h ave or iginally caused t he pr ob lem . Alw ay s reseat w hich Pages: case elect connect ions an d m odu les, b ef or e you call f or help. I f t he Super visor m odu le is not in slot 1 , for exam ple, t h e syst em doesn' t b oot up . I n general, disconn ect and r econn ect ; t r y a d if fer ent p or t ; t r y a diff er ent kn ow n- good cable. Lin k lig ht s pr ( LEDs) but not alw ays a 10 per cent . AnI P, 80p er cent o AN 10 0per cen t Hand s- on act ice are for good t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing0-exam w it thest TCP/ LAN, an d tW t r ouble sw it ch load m ay indicat e a b r oadcast st or m. On t he ot h er lin e car d m odules, t he LED s sh ould t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. flash or ange ( am b er ) or gr een du rin g st ar t up , and t u rn g reen t o ind icat e successfu l init ializat ion. Red es failur ( r eseat t he m odu le) , and flashing or ange cou ld b e a p rob lem on som e Wit h indicat t his b ook, youecan: m odules, alt hou gh an in st an ce of redu ndan cy on ot h er s. As f ar as t h e por t lin k int egr it y, LED issu es can be an yt hing fr om t he por t , t o t h e cab le, t o t h e net w ork in t erf ace car d ( NI C) , or t he negotSet iat ion u p fan or dspf ollow eed/ dup along lex . wUt it ilize h realy our w ort ld ools. lab Test scenar w itios h aaligned r eliablet ocable eachas exwam ell tas op aic,t im w iteh or dom ain w it rhout ef lectt hom e act et erual / opt equip ical ment t im e d om ain r eflect om et er ( TDR/ OTDR) t o find cable lengt h and im pedance issu es. Use pr ot ocol analy zers for p rot ocol in for m at ion; cab le t est er s for cab le issues; Estwablish baseline andt inuou docu ment y ourorphnet ysical n et and net or k m aonit or s t o con sly m onit w orkand t raflogical fic. Th er ew stor ill kcould be a cab le pr oblem w it h lot s of pack et loss. On t he ot h er hand, t hing s m ay w ork fine an d t he LED may just y t.r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her be b urI dent ned ifout t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ot h er t yp es of con nect ion issu es in clu de using f ib er w here n eg ot iat ion is not an issue bu t Diagn t r oublesh act u al eprisoblem s byTxf ollow it h, aut r ovided connect ivit yose is. and A comm on pr oot oblem her t o plug t o Txing andalong Rx t ow Rx b uth orif ypou w ant t hing s ( r ) OS CiscoTxI OS( r ) .Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g t o worCat k yaly oustneed t o and connect t o Rx st r not u ct or - d evt oelop ed LED p roblig lem ion mt oetyhods t o sr esolv e Tr ouble Tick et ses. I f y ou see Pay atUse t entinion only y our ht-sisolat b ut also our log for con figur at ion issu a solid oran ge ligh t , for inst ance, t his m ay j ust ind icat e a shut dow n por t . A u ser or in t ern al " Snif f" t he we ir eshu t o t sp n etnwbut or k missu pr ocess could hav it ot dow ightesnot hav e aut om at ically br ough t it back up . Per h aps t her e ar e speed / dup lex issues. The best p r act ice is t o har d cod e fix ed d ev ices so t hat t her e is no Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h negot iat ion . Perh aps STP has t h e por t in a b lock ing st at e because it w ou ld cause a loop. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, o gs negot addr essing , encapsulat and Whenaut t hin ar eiat w ion, or king n orm ally, you w ant tion, o mak e tmor h eme opt im al. Perf or man ce com m and s include set por t host , w hich is a m acr o t h at com bines set span t re e por t fa st , set port App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g cha nne l m od e off , an d set t ru nk of f. Exp er im en t w it h t im ing issues w it h and w it hout por t f ast . env iron ment s Ch ange t he loggin g lev el for t h e session t o set log gin g l e ve l sp an t re e 7 an d obser v e t he t im est am ped essages t o see h ow long por t st ay s int his each aten e. sab Youlecan Desig ned log for m aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r)t he pr of essionals, indst isp lab accomp g uide blish uildst his on on an I OS b ox w it h t h e spa nni ngt re e port fa st in t er f ace com m and ; t h e follow ing global Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP com man ds: ser ce t im e st aof m pr psact deical bu g e t i mt e local sec,f or anchallenges d ser vi ce ton im tehe st aj ob, m ps Tr oubleshoot ingviexam . Full exderatcises h at g et tyim oue r m eady log da t e t im e l oca l t im e m se c; and t he f ollow ing p riv ileg ed exec com m and: de bug spa nt r ee CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eale ve nt s. You can sh ut dow n a por t and br ing it b ack up t o see a t op ology chang e and t he w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. associat ed act iv it y . Don' t for get t hat t ur ning on por t fast for a por t really doesn't chang e t he tCCNP opolog it ies: allow t he sw itoot chint og not send ay ou TCN a ical por t inf b ecom acton iv e. Pry;actinst icalead St ud Trsoublesh p r ovides w itwhhpen ract or matesion all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Tr aff ic issues m ay lead t o segm en t at ion of som e sor t or t o up gr ading t h e devices t hem selv es. Use show por t , show m a c, an d n et wor k m anag em ent pr ogr am s t o mon it or t he aver age and peak ut ilizat ion caref ully.

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NO TE Table of Content s

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ndexe m , t h e re l oa d com m and, or r eb oot ing seem s t o clear t he issue an d it I f re set Isyst t h e reboot is m or e of a shor t - t er m f ix t han a By Donna perL.mHar anent rington solut ion . CCNP cont P ra ctiinu cales St udi oublep shoot ing ibly t o es: hapTrpen, er cept

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Ob viously , y ou m ay h ave a soft w ar e or h ard w are bot t leneck . Kn ow t he lim it at ions of y our I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 t r anspor t and you r dev ices. For ex am ple, y ou st ill h ave collision s if Gigabit pipes ar e f eeding 1 0Pages:ed 84 u 0 ser s. Use Cisco.com t o assist w it h cor r upt ed I OS issues; r eload t he op er at in g Mb ps shar syst em ; an d u pgr ade t o t h e appr op riat e f eat ur e set . Again, all of t his syst em at ic t r oubleshoot ing r elat es b ack t o t h e OSI m odel. Do you h ave p ow er ? Are t he pow er sup ply and fan s r unn ing? Are dev ices t u rn ed on? Do t hey hav e link ligh t s? Wor k y our w ay u p t he lay er s. ( Refer t o Table 1 - 2 in Ch apt er 1, " Sh oot ing Trou ble," for a r eview of t h e OSI lay er s. ) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble On ce sagbain it on is t im e forI n tt he Trou Tick et h er e is t o giv e y ou sev er al t h ings t icket ased Cisco ernchapt et w orer k Tr oubble leshoot ins. g (The CI T)p lan t opics. t o do, let y ou m ake m ist ak es an d fix som e t hing s on you r ow n, an d t o int r odu ce ot her pr oblem s tWit hath yt ou ould you hav ecan: som e ex perience w it h as a su ppor t person. Rout in g an d sw it ching issu es his sh b ook, ar e un st at ed k now led ge f or t he Cisco su ppor t person t oday . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Tickets Com plet e t h e follow ing Tr ouble Ticket s in or der . Use t h e inf orm at ion and t ools f rom t his chap t er and t h e pr ev ious ch apt ers t o an aly ze, t est , and docum ent . Cr eat e you r ow n Phy sical Layer or ot her p rob lem s if y ou need m or e pr act ice in t hat ar ea. Sam ple solu t ions ar e pr ov ided at t h e en d •of t he sect ion. Table of Content s •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Trouble Ticket 1 By Donna L. Har rington

er: Cisco St arPub t alish t erm inal Press session an d n ew log on t h e 290 0. Move h ost a fr om t he sw 190 0 t o an open por t Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 box . Con figu re host a or t he 29 00 so t hat it will m on it or t he act iv it y of on t he sw 29 00 Cat OS I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 por t s 1 / 1, 1 / 2, an d 2/-03 ( or ot her p ort s you ar e u sing ) . Be sur e t o sav e y our con figu rat ion if not using Pages: a Cat OS 84 0 box .

Trouble Ticket 2 Hand on pr ing exam w itsw h it TCP/ I P,anLAN, ansd except W AN t rhost ouble Pow ers-dow n act all ice devfor icest he in CCNP t he n etTrwoubleshoot or k includ in g rou t er s, ch es, d host a. ( I t tget icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. s p ret t y q uiet , doesn' t it ?) Pow er up t he 3 512 I OS b ox and host c an d obser v e t he LED act ivit y . An aly ze, t est , and f ix any issu es. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u pTicket an d f ollow Trouble 3 along

w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Pow er up t he 1900 an d ob ser v e t he LED act iv it y . Pow er on host b. An aly ze, t est , and f ix any Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k issu es. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Trouble Ticket 4

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided st (2900 r ) OSI and OS(ch r ) Sof ar e com , and loggin g d f ix any Pow erCat upaly t he OS- bCisco ased Iswit andt w obser ve t hmeand LEDinp actutiv, itou y.t put Analyze, t est , an issu es. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Trouble Ticket 5

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Har d cod e t he sw it ches t o t h e high est available speed and dup lex set t ing s and config ur e por t fast aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e w her e appr op riat e. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Trouble Ticket 6

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I ntadd er net bleshoot in gt h( CI T) t op icsd t that r ep are fyorour ed forund t heancy CCNP Phy sically anwotork herTrou cable bet w een e 190 0 an he 3p 512XL and obser ve t h e Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges new STP t opology . Set t he 3 512XL t o log sp anning - t r ee d eb ug event s, an d en su re ton he tthe im ej ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealst am ps ar e accur at e t o t he dat e and t im e ( dow n t o t he m illisecon d) . Br eak t he Layer 2 loop by w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. disconnect ing t he cable on t h e 351 2XL por t fa0/ 1 2. Wat ch t h e STP st at es. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 7 Mak e sur e t he sp anning - t r ee debug is st ill r unn in g fr om t h e pr eceding Tr oub le Tick et . Har d code t he 351 2XL t o b e t he r oot br idge b y adj ust ing t he p r ior it y f ield. Using t he most usef ul menu s, Cat OS and I OS com m and s, dr aw a Lay er 2 m ap including t h e new span ning t r ee. Check y our w or k against t he ex amp les an d Figur e 6- 9 in t h e solu t ion. •

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Figu r e 6 - 9 . Lay e r 2 STP Dr a w i ng

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing Trouble Ticket 8 env iron ment s

met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

St ar t ned a cont ousing pin CCNP g f r omand hostCCI a tE( o host lu g p ort this A orind Bisp onen t he 900 for cebauilds t op olog Desig forinu aspir r) prc. of Unp essionals, sab1le labt og uide on y chang re wallork of Trou t his bleshoot w it h Sniff host b utpdo ot st op for t he t cap t ur e un t il t he p ings Cisco( e. r) ICapt nt erunet iner g (Pr CIoT)ont op icsa,t hat r epnare y ou he CCNP st and t hening autexam om at. ically st ar again. an dt han he rSnif ferf or Pr o capt u r e ofona tTCN BPDU Trop oubleshoot Full of pr tact ical exSterop cises atalyze g et ytou eady challenges he j ob, as in Figur 6- 1St 0 ud in ies: t h e Tr solu t ion. Plug cab ley ou back and sav t he ev icer ealCCNP Pr acteical oublesh oot intgh eg ives an in edg e ov eret all he of com petchapt it ion er t hrdough conf ig ur ionsion t o aoff ile. w or ld apat plicat LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 6 - 1 0 . Tr oub le Tick et 8 TCN BPD U [ View full size im age]

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Tickets Solutions The f ollow in g ar e t he solut ions t o t he Trou ble Ticket s.

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Trouble Ticket 1 Solution • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

I am assum ing t hat Snif fer Pr o or sim ilar soft w ar e and dr iv er s ar e loaded on host a so t hat you can By Donna L. Har rington lat er use it t o m onit or t he Lay er 2 en vir onm ent . The SPAN com m ands are in Ex am ple 6- 26 f or y our r ev iew . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 -0 t in g U p Por t 2 / 1 on t h e 2 9 0 0 t o M oni t or Exa mI SBN: pl e 1-658- 720 2 6-0. 57Set Pages: 84 0

sw2900> (enable) !!!I plugged hosta into port 2/1 and enabled port monitoring sw2900> 2/1 both Hand s- on (enable) pr act ice forset t hespan CCNP1/1-2 Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Enabled monitoring of Port 1/1-2,2/3 transmit/receive traffic by Port 2/1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: sw2900> (enable) show port capabilities 1/1 it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ModelSet u p an d f ollow along wWS-X2900 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Port

1/1 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Type

100BaseTX I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Speed 100 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Duplex Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco half,full I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g TrunkUse encap in st r utype ct or - d ev elop ed ISL p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Trunk" Snif mode on,off,desirable,auto,nonegotiate f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Channel Analy ze local and r em ot eno access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Broadcast aut o negot suppression iat ion, addr essing no , encapsulat ion, and mor e ly a lay er ed t rou bleshno oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Flow App control env iron ment s Security yes Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Membership static,dynamic Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh Fast start yes oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Rewrite no CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sw2900> (enable) !!!notice how the next command shows STP rather than port monitoring information sw2900> (enable) show port span Port

Vlan

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forwarding

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... Hand s- on (enable) pr act ice for!!!look t he CCNP oubleshoot ing exam it h TCP/ P, LAN, an d W AN t rstatus ouble sw2900> atTrthe mod#/port# to w see the Iport monitoring t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. sw2900> (enable) show port 2/1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Port

Name

Status

Vlan

Level

Duplex Speed Type

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ----- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ------ ------ ----- -----------w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 2/1 Est ablish a baseline andmonitor 1 ph ysical and normal a-full 10/100BaseTX docu ment y our logical n et w ora-100 k sw2900> show span I dent(enable) if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Status : enabled Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided AdminCat Source Port 1/1-2 aly st ( r ) OS:and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g in st r u ct or -:d ev elop 1/2 ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Oper Use Source Port " Snif f" t he w ir : e tPort o sp ot2/1 n et w or k issu es Destination Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Direction : transmit/receive cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion,disabled addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Incoming Packets: App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g sw2900> (enable) env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, You w ill fur tical h er St t ake advTr ant age of oot t his t mon it orin conf in Trou 8 , in w hich y o CCNP Pr act ud ies: oublesh in gpor g ives y ou an gedg e igur ov erattion he com pet itble ionTicket t hr ough r ealuse a pr ot ocol analy zer t o capt u r e packet s in a sw it ched en vir onm ent . w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g Trouble Ticket 2 Solution

The f lashing or ange an d g r een LED s should go aw ay. Th e Sy st em an d St at us LEDs shou ld t u r n solid gr een . Feel f r ee t o exp er im ent w it h t h e mod e bu t t on t o look at t hing s such as ut ilizat ion, d uplex, an speed . Por t 1 ( f a0/ 1) should be g r een for t he host , alt h ough am ber w hile g oin g t hr ough t h e STP st a Telnet f rom t he h ost t o t he sw it ch t o ver ify conn ect iv it y and t est t h e layer s fr om t he bot t om t o t he t

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

All LEDs st ar t ou t as gr een, and t hen t her e is som e ot her t est in g in clud ing t he ind ividu al por t s. All By L. Har rington grDonna een ligh t s go out ex cep t f or t he Syst em st at us. Th e 190 0 also has a mod e bu t t on t o t og gle bet w e st at , u t l, an d fd up. Wh en y ou pow er on host b, t h e associat ed por t LED com es on t he sw it ch for p ort ( e0/Pub 2) lish . Once ag Press ain , t elnet w ould be a bet t er t est f r om t he h ost t o t he sw it ch t han ping because it t e er: Cisco all tPub h e Dat layer s. e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Trouble Ticket 4 Solution You not ice qu ick f lash es of oran ge, t hen r ed , t hen gr een , t hen red, t hen oran ge. Finally t he m ult ip le colors t ur n t o a happ y gr een for t he Sy st em and t he Console com es aliv e. Sev er al flashing or ange a gr eens-t on est sproccur Sy stTr em , St at us, ing Fan,exam Pow erw itSup ply, Iand bot han Fast h er et por t s t u rn Hand act icebef forore t het he CCNP oubleshoot h TCP/ P, LAN, d WEt AN t rnouble solid g reen. Th e bot t om 10/ 1 00 Fast Et her net mod ule 2 goes t hr oug h t he r ed an d oran ge t est s, t oo t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. w ould exp ect t he Sy st em LED t o st ay gr een, and por t 2 / 1 and 2/ 3 should event u ally lig ht u p for h os and e rou t er. you Howev er m in e does not , and t he con sole st at es t h e follow ing: Wit ht ht his b ook, can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies %SYS-5-MOD_OK:Module 1 is online Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g %SYS-5-MOD_OK:Module 2 is online Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s %SYS-3-MOD_FAIL:Module 2 failed to come online " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es %SYS-3-MOD_FAIL:Module 2 failed to come online Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e I see App or ange ly a ligh lay er t sed buttrou n otblesh gr een ootligh ing tmet s onh todology he b ot t om t o rcar eal-d.life D iag rounose t ing and and fswit ix t he chin prgob lem . env iron ment s I issued t h e comm an d show m odul e 2 on t h e 29 00 and r eceiv ed a fau lt y st at us, as y ou can see in Desig Ex am ned ple 6for27. aspir Fault ingy CCNP could ind andicat CCI e E( a r) harprdw ofar essionals, e issu e, but t his Iind w ill ispnot en sab believ le lab e t hgat uide un tbiluilds I h ave on ex haus Cisco( ot her pr)ossibilit I nt er net iesw su orkchTrou as rbleshoot eset t in g,inrgeseat ( CI T) ingt op , oricsr eboot t hat ping r eptare he mod y ou ule. for tIhe r esor CCNP t ed t o d isabling t h e Tr m odule oubleshoot t hr ough ing texam h e sof . tFull w ar of e and pr act enabling ical ex eritcises on cet hagain. at g et Iynou prract eady ice fitorwchallenges ould be b est on t o t he d oj ob, t h is fir st CCNP befor ePr a act harical d r eset St ud. ies: Bot hTrm oublesh odulesoot app in ear g g ives t o n ow y oube anon edg lin e ov and er in t he wor com k ing petcondit it ion tion, hr ough but rfor eal-how lo w mor ayldbe apan plicat ot her ionissu of LAN e. This andis WAN one of t op t hose ics. indicat or s y ou shou ld ob viou sly k eep t r ack of in case of fu t ur e issu es. Helpf ul com m ands in clu de show m odul e , show l og, an d show sy st e m . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 6 - 2 7 . Fau lt y M od ul e 2 on t he 2 9 0 0

sw2900> (enable) show module 2 Mod Module-Name •

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Serial-Num Status

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By Donna L. Har rington

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10/100BaseTX Ethernet WS-X2901

Mod MAC-Address(es)

Hw

Fw

008675483 faulty Sw

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 ---Pub ------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------------I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

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3.1(1)

4.4(1)

sw2900> (enable) set module disable 1 Cannot disable Supervisor module. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble sw2900> (enable) set module disable 2 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Module Wit h t his2b disabled. ook, you can: sw2900> (enable) set module enable 2 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Module 2 enabled. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment sw2900> Est ablish (enable) a baseline %SYS-5-MOD_OK:Module and docu ment y our ph 2 is ysical online and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn r oublesh oot exp act uect al pr s by. fOn ollow ing h aut hLED or- pis r ovided All light s arose e gr and een tt hat I w ould at oblem t h is point por t 1along / 3, t hew it Speed gr een bu t t h e Li Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g on e of t hose LED is n ot lit . I f y ou t r ace t he cable ov er t o t h e r out er, how ever , y ou will f ind it t o be " Lay er 0" issu es. " Layer 0 " is r eally n ot p art of t he OSI m odel, bu t p er hap s it shou ld b e. Power on t Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r out er t o t ak e car e of t h at lit t le issue. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Thing s app ear t o be w ork ing and y ou pr obably d id n' t hav e t h is issue ( or could you du plicat e it f or t h m at t er) . At least y ou can r emin d y our self t o do t hing s such as reset por t s or m odules, m ove m odu le Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h possible, pow er t hing s dow n and br ing t h em back up befor e y ou giv e up on you rself or t hink you ha cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, a d ead b ox. Obv iously t his m ay be t he b eg in ning of a h ard w are failur e, but t his is wh y accu rat e log aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e and docum ent at ion ar e so cr it ical in t h e long r un. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Trouble Ticket 5 Solution

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Ex am ple 6- 28 sh ows t he com m ands t o set t he sp eed t o 1 00 Mbp s and t he dup lex t o fu ll on por t 2 / 1 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, and 2/ 3. I d iscov er ed t hat por t s 1/ 1 an d 1 / 2 are f ixed 10 0BASE- TX por t s w it h t he show por t CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealcap ab ili t i es com m and. Teln et is a q uick t est of all t he lay er s. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Exa pl econ 6 -cep 2 8t s. cen Sett ral t int ogt hSpe ed an d Du h eCCNP 2 9 0cer 0 Cat Oion, S Box im porm t ant e t r oubleshoot ing ple por txionon of tt he t ificat includ in g

sw2900> (enable) set port speed 1/1-2,2/1,2/3 100 Ports 2/1,2/3 transmission speed set to 100Mbps. sw2900> (enable) set port speed 1/1-2 100 •

Table of Content s

•Failed to set I ndextransmission speed for ports 1/1-2. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

sw2900> By Donna L. (enable) Har rington show port capabilities 1/1 Model Pub lish er:

Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Port

WS-X2900 1/1

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Type

Pages: 84 0

Speed

100BaseTX 100

Duplex half,full Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ... t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b(enable) sw2900> ook, you can: set port duplex 1/1-2,2/1,2/3 full Ports 1/1-2,2/1,2/3 set to full-duplex. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip192.168.5.100 ment sw2900> (enable) telnet Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ex am ple 6- 29 illust r at es t he menu com man ds t o config ur e speed and du plex for e0/ 2 on t h e 190 0. com man ds ose f or fa0 p or t A)oot andact fa0 / 27( p ort B)s by aref ollow t he sam but arweit h not t h e out p ut . Tel Diagn and/ 26( t r oublesh u al pr oblem ing ealong autshow h or-np rinovided t est s Cat t hing s out t hr oug h all t he lay er s. aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl e 6 - 2 9 . Set t in g Spe ed an d Du ple x on t h e 1 9 0 0 Usin g t he M e nu s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, ------------------------------------------------aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Catalyst 1900 - Main Menu App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s [C] Console Settings Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( [S] r) I ntSystem er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Management CCNP [N] Pr actNetwork ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [P] Port Configuration CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ... im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[H] Help [X] Exit Management Console Enter Selection: Identify Port: •

P 1 to 24[1-24], [AUI], [A], [B]:

Table of Content s

• Select [1 -I ndex 24, AUI, A, B]:

2

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Catalyst Har rington

1900 - Port 1 Configuration

Built-in 10Base-T

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, STP 20 03 802.1d

State:

Blocking

Forward Transitions:

0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 ----------------------Settings ---------------------------------------

[D] Description/name of port [S] Status of port

Suspended-no-linkbeat

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Full Disabled t icket s[F] b ased on duplex Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. priority (spanning tree) Wit h t [I] his b Port ook, you can:

128 (80 hex)

[C] Path cost (spanning tree) 100 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w[H] it hout t h e fast act ualmode equip(spanning ment Port tree) Enabled ... Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k if y t r oublesh EnterI dent Selection: F oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Full duplex can double a port bandwidth by allowing it to simultaneously Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g transmit and receive. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Full duplex may be [E]nabled or [D]isabled: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Current setting ===> Disabled Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h New setting Enabled cabling, sp eed===> and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ... App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g sw2900> (enable) env iron ment s telnet 192.168.5.99 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

NO TE

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porYou t antshould con cephav t s cen t ral t o t hon e t rt he oubleshoot ingpor port te/ ion t ificat ion,by includ in g w it h e sur m ised 19 00 t hat 0 2ofis t 1he 0- CCNP Mb ps/cer halfd uplex default

por t f ast enabled. How ev er , f a0/ 2 6 an d f a0/ 2 7, p ort s A and B are 100 - Mbps/ au t o- dup lex w it h por t f ast disabled by defau lt . Becau se t he d isplay clearly illust r at es t hat descr ipt ion s w er e m issed ear lier , if t h is w er e a pr act ical env ir onm ent I w ould recomm end y ou con figu re t hem.

Ex am ple 6- 30 sh ows t he f a0/ 1 speed and d uplex config ur at ion on t h e 351 2XL I OS b ox. I n t er f ace fa0 / 12 is conf ig ur ed ex act ly t he sam e. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Exa m pl e 6 - 3 0 . Set t in g Spe ed an d Du ple x on t h e 3 5 1 2 XL I O S Box By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 3512XL(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

3512XL(config-if)#speed 100 Pages: 84 0 3512XL(config-if)#duplex full 3512XL(config-if)#end Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 3512XL#show interfaces fastethernet 0/1 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up Wit h t his b ook, you can: Hardware is Fast Ethernet, address is 00d0.7968.8481 (bia 00d0.7968.8481) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or MTUw it1500 BWequip 100000 hout bytes, t h e act ual mentKbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, and loopback noty our set, not set Est ablish a baseline docu ment ph keepalive ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing100BaseTX/FX t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Por t fast sh ould be im plement ed only on t h e t hr ee swit ch por t s t h at conn ect t o t h e host s. I t w as on b st 02 r u cton or -tdhe ev1elop p rob lem - isolat t o2r esolv e Tr0. ouble et at s STP in Ex am p defauUse lt f orine/ 900ed , but needs t o be ion set m onetthods h e 351 an d 290 FirstTick look 6- 3 1. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h

Exa m pl e 6 sp - 3eed 1 . and STPduon 3 5 1ion 2 XL O S Box b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, plext,he u t ilizat and Icollisions, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 3512XL#show spantree Desig ned for aspir and CCI E( r)IEEE pr of essionals, t his Spanning ind isp en sab le labprotocol g uide b uilds on Spanning tree 1 ing is CCNP executing the compatible Tree Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full pr act ical ex er cisesaddress t h at g et 00d0.7968.8480 y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Bridge Identifier has ofpriority 32768, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and 2, WAN t opage ics. 20, forward delay 15 Configured hello time max CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies:priority Tr oublesh 32768, oot in g p raddress ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Current root has 0010.ffe5.1400 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Root port is 25, cost of root path is 19 Topology change flag set, detected flag not set, changes 9 Times:

hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15

• •

Table of Content s

Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Interface Fa0/1 (port 13) in Spanning tree 1 is FORWARDING Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Port path Pub Dat e: April 0cost 4, 20 0319,

Port priority 128

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Designated root has priority 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1400 Pages: 84 0 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8480 Designated port is 13, path cost 19 Hand s- on pr act ice for tage he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing 0, exam w it0h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Timers: message 0, forward delay hold t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. BPDU: sent 1064, received 0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Interface 14)ment in Spanning tree 1 is down w it houtFa0/2 t h e act(port ual equip Port path acost 100,and Port Est ablish baseline docupriority ment y our128 ph ysical and logical n et w or k Designated root has priority 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1400 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8480 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Designated Cat aly st ( r ) OS port andisCisco 14, I path OS( r ) cost Sof t w 19 ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st rmessage u ct or - d evage elop 0, ed pforward rob lem - isolat ion0, m et hods 0t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Timers: delay hold " Snif f"sent t he w0, ir e received t o sp ot n et0w or k issu es BPDU: ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat and1 mor Interface Fa0/12 (port 25) in Spanning ion, tree is eFORWARDING App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Port path cost 19, Port priority 128 env iron ment s Designated root has priority 32768, addresst his 0010.ffe5.1400 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Designated bridge has Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of priority pr act ical ex32768, er cises taddress h at g et y 0010.ffe5.1400 ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealisand 1, WAN patht op cost w or Designated ld ap plicat ionport of LAN ics. 0 Timers: message 1, forward 0,y ou hold CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies:age Tr oublesh oot in g pdelay r ovides w it h0p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

BPDU: sent 12, received 998

On ly a f ew in t erf aces ar e show n in t he shad ed out put , but r em em ber t he f irst int erf ace is t he act u al int er face on t he b ox and t h e por t n um ber in par en t heses ( ) is t h e w ay t he in t er f ace w as log ically calcu lat ed f orTable STPofp Content ur poses. • s •

I ndex

Now conf igur e p ort f ast on fa0 / 1 w here h ost c connect s as in Ex am ple 6- 32. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Exa m pl e 6 - 3 2 . Con f igu r in g STP Por t f ast on t h e 3 5 1 2 XL Host Conn ect ion s Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

3512XL(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 Pages: 84 0 3512XL(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast 3512XL(config-if)#end Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 3512XL#copy running-config startup-config t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Show Set STPu st on palong ort 2/w1 iton t he 290 b ox ios t o see t hat tpor t f ast ex isam r eferr o itas fast - st a p at anist d ics f ollow h realw or 0ld Cat labOS scenar aligned o each t oped ic, t w h or Tur n it on f or t he conn ect ion t o host a as in Ex am ple 633. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl e 6 - 3 3 . Con f igu r in g STP Por t f ast on t h e 2 9 0 0 H ost Con ne ct i on I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided sw2900>show spantree 2/1 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Port Use in stVlan Cost Priority Group-Method r u ct or -Port-State d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods Fast-Start t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s --------" Snif f" ---t he w ir ------------e t o sp ot n et w or k ----issu es

--------

----------

------------

sw2900> setr em spantree portfast Analy(enable) ze local and ot e access pr oblem s2/1 in Etenable hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Warning: Spantree fast start should be eenabled on ports connected aut o negot iat ion,port addr essing , encapsulat ion,only and mor ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot inghubs, met h odology t o r eal- lifeswitches, rou t ing andbridges, swit chin g etc. to to a App single host. Connecting concentrators, env iron ment s a fast start port can cause temporary spanning tree loops. Use with caution. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I ntport er net w ork fast Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Spantree 2/1 start enabled. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g Trouble Ticket 6 Solution

Con nect a cr ossov er cable bet w een por t B on t he 190 0 an d fa0/ 1 1 on t h e 35 12XL. The or ang e por t t ur n s gr een on 190 0, b ut st ay s or ang e on t he 3 512 XL b ecause of STP. Fa0/ 11 is in t h e blockin g st at I f you p ull t he fa0/ 1 2 cab le, ob viou sly t h at w ou ld chan ge because y ou w ou ld t ak e aw ay t h e Lay er 2 loop. STP is ju st doin g it s j ob her e and if you had a pict ur e of y our env iron m en t in fr ont of y ou t h is w ould be v ery easy t o see; d on' t w or r y if you don 't becau se t hat is par t of t he nex t Tr oub le Tick et . Ex am ple 6- 34 illust r at es some help fu l debu g an d log ging set u ps t o help y ou analy ze STP. Rem emb e t• hat y ou mayTable n eedof tContent o t ur n son t e rm in al m oni t or t o see you r debu g ou t put r em ot ely . •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Exa m pl e 6 - 3 4 . Test i ng STP on t he 3 5 1 2 By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 sw3512XL#show clock I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

sw3512XL#clock set 8:00:00 25 Nov 2002 Pages: 84 0 sw3512XL#configure terminal sw3512XL(config)#service timestamps debug datetime msec localtime Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble sw3512XL(config)#service timestamps log datetime msec localtime t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. sw3512XL(config)#end Wit h t his b ook, you can: sw3512XL#copy running-config startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or sw3512XL#debug spantree w it hout t h e act ual equipevents ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub ing an/ d11u ton ilit ies Unplug t h eleshoot connect iont ools t o fa0 t he 3 512 XL an d wait for t he line an d p r ot ocol t o g o dow n . Plug cable back in and w at ch t he debu g out pu t t h at d isplay s as in Ex am ple 6- 35. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Exa m plin e st6r -u 3ct5or.- dTest i ng on- isolat t heion 3 5m1et2hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use ev elop ed pSTP rob lem " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hernFastEthernet0/11, et net w or ks, in clud ingchanged issues wstate it h Nov 25 08:15:36.580: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface to d cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 08:15:37.204: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and e Nov 25 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Linemor protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/ App ly state a lay erto ed tdown rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g changed env iron ment s sw3512XL#!!!now plug the cable back in Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) 08:15:57.229: I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics-> t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Nov 25 ST: FastEthernet0/11 listening Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr%LINK-3-UPDOWN: oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edgFastEthernet0/11, e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr oughstate r eal- to u Nov 25 08:15:57.234: Interface changed w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Nov 25 08:15:57.242: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/ CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

changed state to up Nov 25 08:15:57.994: ST: FastEthernet0/11 -> blocking sw3512XL#show spantree Spanning tree 1 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree protocol • •

Table of Content s

Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8480 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15

By Donna L. Har rington

Current root has priority 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1400 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Root port Pub Dat e: Aprilis 0 4, 25, 20 03 cost of root path is 19 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set, changes 11 Pages: 84 0

Times:

hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15

Hand s- on prhello act ice for he CCNP Trchange oubleshoot exam w it h TCP/ Timers: 0, ttopology 0, ing notification 0 I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Interface Fa0/1 (port 13) in Spanning tree 1 is FORWARDING Wit h t his b ook, you can: Port path cost 19, Port priority 128 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Designated root has priority 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1400 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Designated bridge has priority address 00d0.7968.8480 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y32768, our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Designated port is 13,t ar path I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing get s cost using 19 pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided BPDU: 4238, Cat alysent st ( r ) OS and received Cisco I OS(0r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in stFa0/11 r u ct or - d(port ev elop 24) ed p rob - isolat ion m et 1 hods o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface in lem Spanning tree is tBLOCKING " Snifpath f" t he cost w ir e t19, o sp ot n et wpriority or k issu es128 Port Port Analy ze local and has r em ot e access pr oblem saddress in Et hern0010.ffe5.1400 et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Designated root priority 32768, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,address and mor e0090.922a.7680 Designated bridge has priority 32768, App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Designated port is 27, path cost 10 env iron ment s Timers: message age 3, forward delay 0, hold 0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP BPDU: sent 2, received 693 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealInterface Fa0/12 (port 25) in Spanning tree 1 is FORWARDING w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Port path cost 19, Port priority 128 y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Designated root has priority 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1400 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1400 Designated port is 2, path cost 0 Timers: message age 4, forward delay 0, hold 0 • •

Table of Content s

BPDU: sent 5, received 3484 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

ThePub t im lish e er: anCisco d datPress e st am ps at t he m illisecond int er vals ar e q uit e helpf ul h er e b ecause y ou can see t h t he Pub calculat Dat e: ions April 0 occur 4, 20 03r ed r at her q uickly . Por t s 1 and 12 ar e in a f orw ar din g st at e. Por t 11 is in a block inI g st at is57st-0ill pr ocessing BPDUs in case of a t op ology chang e. Discon nect t he cab le on SBN: 1-e58but 720 -0 fa0 / 12Pages: t o ver ify t h is and observ e t h e debug act iv it y in Ex am ple 6- 36. Not e t hat it t ak es about 30 84 0 second s fr om t he t im e t he lin k goes dow n un t il t he r edu ndan t link t ak es ov er aut om at ically .

Exa m pl e 6 - 3 6 . W a t ch in g a Topol og y Ch an ge a nd t h e STP St a t e s Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Nov Wit h 25 t his08:30:12.869: b ook, you can: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/12, changed state to d Nov 25 08:30:12.869: ST: sent Topology Change Notice on FastEthernet0/12 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Nov 25 08:30:12.875: ST: ment FastEthernet0/12 -> blocking w it hout t h e act ual equip Est ablish a baseline ST: and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Nov 25 08:30:12.880: FastEthernet0/11 -> listening I dent if y t r oublesh oot%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: ing t ar get s using pin g, t rLine ace, sh ow , clear ,on debu g, an d ot her Nov 25 08:30:13.129: protocol Interface FastEthernet0/ t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies changed state to down Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat08:30:14.869: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r Topology ) Sof t w ar e Change com m and inp ut , on ou t FastEthernet0/11 put , and loggin g Nov 25 ST: sent Notice Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Nov 25 08:30:27.882: ST: FastEthernet0/11 -> learning " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Nov 25 08:30:42.890: ST: sent Topology Change Notice on FastEthernet0/11 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Nov 25 08:30:42.890: ST: FastEthernet0/11 -> forwarding cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e sw3512XL# App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPCAUTI Pr act icalON St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Debu g ou t put is qu it e helpfu l in a lab sit uat ion t o u nder st an d ex act ly w hat is happ en in g. Be CCNPv er Pryact icaliou St sudinies: ootenv in g irponm r ovides ou ays w it huse p ract ical inf or mat e t he caut t heTrproublesh odu ct ion en t . yAlw t he q uest ion mion ar k on ( ?)all t o t fhind im porr ight t ant comm con cepand t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in gd t o help you limit t he amou nt of debug act ivit y w h en t r oub leshoot ing an

r em em ber t o t ur n debug off w h en y ou are done. Cat OS d oes n ot of fer d eb ug, b ut t he set t ra ce ? com m and giv es you similar ou t put .

Reconnect t h e cable on por t f a0/ 1 2 of t he 35 12XL sw it ch and allow STP t o conv er ge befor e b eg innin t he next t r ouble t ick et . •

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•

I ndex

Trouble Ticket Solution CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: 7 Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Ex am ple 6- 37 illust r at es t hat STP d eb ugg ing is st ill on an d is t he com man d t o har d code t h e r oot br idg e. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 -0 Exa mI SBN: pl e 1-658- 720 3 7-0. 57Con f igu r in g t he Root B r idge Pages: 84 0

3512XL#show debug Hand s- on spanning pr act ice fortree: t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble General t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Spanning Tree event debugging is on Wit h t his b ook, you can: 3512XL#configure terminal Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 3512XL(config)#spanning-tree ? w it hout t h e act ual equip ment forward-time Set a and Spanning Tree FORWARD Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our ph ysicalInterval and logical n et w or k hello-time Set oot a ing Spanning I dent if y t r oublesh t ar get s Tree using HELLO pin g, t rInterval ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies max-age Set a Spanning Tree MAX AGE Interval Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided priority Spanning Cat aly st ( r ) OSSet and aCisco I OS( r ) Tree Sof t w Priority ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g protocol Use in st r u ct or -Spanning d ev elop ed tree p rob lem protocol - isolat ion type m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp otUplinkFast n et w or k issuFeature es uplinkfast Enable Analy ze local and ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h vlan VLANr em Switch Spanning Trees cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 3512XL(config)#spanning-tree priority ? env iron ment s Set a Spanning Tree Priority Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 3512XL(config)#!!!lowest BID wins Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal3512XL(config)#spanning-tree priority 100 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Nov 08:40:00.178: FastEthernet0/11 CCNP25 Pr act ical St ud ies: TrST: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y-> ou listening w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Nov 25 08:40:00.199: ST: Topology Change rcvd on FastEthernet0/12 Nov 25 08:40:15.178: ST: FastEthernet0/11 -> learning Nov 25 08:40:30.204: ST: FastEthernet0/11 -> forwarding 3512XL(config)#exit •

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3512XL#copy running-config startup-config CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Show Pub lish t heer:span Cisconing Presst r ee t o v erif y t hat t he 3 512 is in fact now t h e r oot b rid ge. The shad ed out put in Ex am Pubple Dat6e: 38 Aprilcer 0 4,t ainly 20 03 helps y ou out w it h t h at . I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 6 - 3 8 . W e Ar e t he Root of t he Spa nn in g Tr e e

3512XL#show spanning-tree Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Spanning tree 1 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree protocol Wit h t his b ook, you can: Bridge Identifier has priority 100, address 00d0.7968.8480 Configured age forward delay 15 t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Set u p an dhello f ollow time along 2, w it max h realw or20, ld lab scenar ios aligned w it hout t h e act ual equip ment We are the root of the spanning tree Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set, changes 9 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ools an d u change t ilit ies 35, notification 2 Times: hold ing 1, ttopology Diagn ose and 2, t r oublesh oot 20, act u al pr oblemdelay s by f ollow hello max age forward 15 ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Timers: hello 1, topology change 0, notification 0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface Fa0/1 (port 13) in Spanning tree 1 is FORWARDING " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Port path cost priority 128s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy ze local and19, r emPort ot e access pr oblem cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Designated root priority 100, address aut o negot iat ion, has addr essing , encapsulat ion, and 00d0.7968.8480 mor e Designated bridge address 00d0.7968.8480 App ly a lay er ed t rouhas bleshpriority oot ing met100, h odology t o r eallife rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Designated port is 13, path cost 0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Timers: age bleshoot 0, forward Cisco( r) I nt ermessage net w ork Trou in g ( CIdelay T) t op 0, ics thold hat p r0ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, BPDU: CCNP Pr actsent ical St56902, ud ies: Trreceived oublesh oot0in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. The port is in the portfast mode CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g ...

Interface Fa0/11 (port 24) in Spanning tree 1 is FORWARDING Port path cost 19, Port priority 128 Designated root has priority 100, address 00d0.7968.8480 Designated bridge has priority 100, address 00d0.7968.8480 • •

Table of Content s I ndexport is 24, path cost 0 Designated

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna Timers: L. Har rington message

age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0

BPDU: 56006, Pub lish er: sent Cisco Press

received 5

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Interface Fa0/12 (port 25) in Spanning tree 1 is FORWARDING I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 Port path cost 19, Port priority 128

Designated root has priority 100, address 00d0.7968.8480 Designated bridge has priority 100, address 00d0.7968.8480 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket Designated s b ased on Cisco port Iis n t ern 25, et wpath or k Trcost oub leshoot 0 in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit hTimers: t his b ook, you can: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 BPDU: sent 3844, received 4 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Low erI ing it y f orced 12 t o b ecom e tthr ace, e rootshbr idg e, and all t g, he an p or s ar e desig nat ed o dentt he if y pt rrior oublesh oot ingt he t ar35 get s using pin g, ow , clear , debu d tot her a f or wt rard ing st at e. Show STP on t he 29 00 as in Ex am ple 639 t o help you g at her t he st at ist ics for y oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Lay er 2 dr aw ing. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Exa m pl e 6 - 3 9 . The STP Topology on t he 2 9 0 0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es sw2900> (enable) show spantree Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, VLAN 1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Spanning enabled App ly tree a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Spanning tree type ieee Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on !!! global above Cisco( r) I nt erparameters net w ork Trouare bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, !!! below followed bye local switch CCNProot Pr actbridge ical St udparameters ies: Tr oubleshare oot in g g ives y ou an edg ov er t he com petand it ionport t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Designated Root 00-d0-79-68-84-80 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Designated im por t ant conRoot cep t s Priority cen t ral t o t h e 100 t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Designated Root Cost

19

Designated Root Port

1/2

Root Max Age

20 sec

Hello Time 2

Bridge ID MAC ADDR •

sec

Forward Delay 15 sec

00-10-ff-e5-14-00

Table of Content s

• I ndex Bridge ID Priority

32768

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Bridge Age 20 sec By Donna L.Max Har rington Port

Vlan

Hello Time 2

Port-State

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

--------- ----

-------------

sec

Forward Delay 15 sec

Cost

Priority

Fast-Start

Group-Method

-----

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I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

1/1 1/2

Pages: 184 0

1

blocking forwarding

19 19

32 32

disabled disabled

2/2 1 not-connected 100 32 disabled Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 2/3 s b ased1 on Cisco forwarding t icket I n t ern et w or k Tr oub19 leshoot in g 32 ( CI T) disabled t opics. 2/4 1 you not-connected Wit h t his b ook, can:

100

32

disabled

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The d esign at ed r oot por t is t h e pat h b y w hich t h e 290 0 get s t o t he r oot b r id ge. By def in it ion all por ablish a baseline and ment y our phe.ysical and n et or ke of t h e Lay er 2 loop b y on t heEst r oot br idge m u st be in docu a for w ard ing st at Howev er ,logical STP t ak eswcar block in g por t 1 / 1 on t h e 290 0. An aly ze t h e 19 00 t o com plet e y our d raw ing . ( See Ex am ple 6- 40. ) I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Exa m pl eose 6 - and 4 0 . t The STP ons by t hef ollow 1 90 0 along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagn r oublesh oot Topology act u al pr oblem ing Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Catalyst 1900 - Main Menu " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [C] Console Settings Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, [S] System aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e [N] Network Management App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s [P] Port Configuration Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ... Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Enter Selection: P CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Identify Port: 1 to 24[1-24], [AUI], [A], [B]: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Select [1con - cep 24,t s AUI, A,t oB]: im por t ant cen t ral t h e t rAoubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Catalyst 1900 - Port A Configuration Built-in 100Base-TX 802.1d STP State:

Forwarding

Forward Transitions:

1

----------------------- Settings --------------------------------------• •

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[D] Description/name of port I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

[S] Status of port

Enabled

[I] Port priority (spanning tree)

128 (80 hex)

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub[C] Dat e: Path April 0 4, 20 03 cost

(spanning tree)

10

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: [H] Port 84 0

fast mode (spanning tree)

Disabled

[E] Enhanced congestion control

Disabled

[F] Full duplex / Flow control

Full duplex

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Menusin---------------------------------t icket----------------------s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w orRelated k Tr oub leshoot g ( CI T) t opics. addressing Wit h t [A] his b Port ook, you can:

[V] View port statistics

[N] Next port [G] Goto port Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w[P] it hout Previous t h e act ual port equip ment [X] Exit to Main Menu ablish a baseline EnterEstSelection: N and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dentCatalyst if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar getBs Configuration using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 1900 - Port t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Built-in 100Base-TX Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS andState: Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e comForward m and inpTransitions: ut , ou t put , and loggin g 802.1d STP Forwarding 1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ----------------------- Settings --------------------------------------" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [D] Description/name of port Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h [S] Status cabling, sp eedof andport du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andwEnabled idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e [I] Port priority (spanning tree) 128 (80 hex) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g [C]iron Path (spanning tree) 10 env mentcost s Desig ned [H] for Port aspir fast ing CCNP mode and (spanning CCI E( r) pr tree) of essionals, t his ind isp Disabled en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot [E] Enhanced ing examcongestion . Full of pr actcontrol ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady Disabled f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld [F] ap plicat Full ionduplex of LAN and / Flow WANcontrol t op ics. Full duplex CCNP----------------------Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh Related oot in g p r ovides ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Menus y---------------------------------im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[A] Port addressing

[V] View port statistics

[N] Next port

[G] Goto port

[P] Previous port

[X] Exit to Main Menu

Enter Selection:

G

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

Identify Port:

1 to 24[1-24], [AUI], [A], [B]:

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Select [1 - 24, AUI, A, B]:

2

By Donna L. Har rington

Catalyst 1900 - Port 2 Configuration Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Built-in 10Base-T Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

802.1d STP State:

Pages: 84 0

Forwarding

Forward Transitions:

87

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Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tThe icket b ased onwar Cisco t ern or kpor Tr oub leshoot g ( CI por T) ttopics. 1 s900 is f or din gI non alletuwsed t s an d is r uin nning f ast t o t he h ost b conn ect ion. Port A is t designat ed por t f or t h e seg ment bet w een t h e 190 0 an d t he 29 00, and Por t B is t he r oot por t , w hich Wit t his can: t he h190 0'sb ook, pat h you t o t he r oot b rid ge. I f necessary , r eru n t he show spa nni ng- t re e com m and on any I OS device, r un show spa nt r ee on Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or any Cat OS device, or use HTTP or m en us t o com p let e a Lay er 2 STP dr aw ing ( see Figur e 6- 9 ) . Feel w it hout t h e act ual equip ment t o add t he cost s t o you r dr aw ing for an ad dit ional lev el of det ail. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent ifTicket y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using Trouble 8 Solution

pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Ex am ple 6- 41 st ar t s t he cont inu ous pin g f r om host a so t hat y ou can analy ze STP in act ion. Wh en y o Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided disconnect t h e cable connect ed t o por t A on t he 1 900 , t he ping t im es ou t an d b ecau se of STP it Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g aut om at ically st art s w ork ing again. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m " Snif pl ef" t6he - 4w1ir.eSTP t o sp ot innAct et w or i on k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion,2000 addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Microsoft Windows [Version 5.00.2195] App ly a 1985-2000 lay er ed t rouMicrosoft blesh oot ing Corp. met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Copyright env iron ment s C:\>ping 192.168.5.103 -t Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Pinging 192.168.5.103 with 32 bytes of data: Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealReply from 192.168.5.103: bytes=32 time (enable) show vlan •

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IfIndex Mod/Ports, Vlans

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

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Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 1005 trnet-default active 31 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ex amSet ple u 7-p8an d isp couplew of ion The st sectios ion aligned is a qu ick at u sexofam t het op VLANs d f lays ollowa along it hsect realw s. or ld labf irscenar t o st each ic, w itand h or t he associat s ual on tequip he 35ment 12XL. The secon d sect ion d isp lays t he defau lt VLANs, in clud ing t he w it houtedt hpeort act m axim um t r ansmission u nit ( MTU) size and ot her Tok en Rin g and FD DI par am et er s. The second Estisablish a baseline docu our all ph ysical and logical k sect ion not show n for t hand e Cat OS ment 29 00,y but por t s ar e in VLANn1etbwyordefau lt . 10 02 FD DI and 10 03 TRCRF ar e reserv ed f or FDDI and Token Ring t r anspar ent br idging ; w her eas 100 4 FDNET I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing s en using g,d t sou r ace, debu g, houg an d ot and 10 05 TRBRF are r eser v ed tfar orget Tok Rin pin g an rceshr ow out,eclear br id ,ging . Alt h her t he def ault t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r eser ved VLANs can' t b e r em ov ed , t hey can be m odif ied ( as y ou can p rov e b y t r ying t o clear on e of t he default s) . I f I w er e t o t yp e cle ar v la n 1 0 0 2 on t h e 29 00 rig ht n ow , for ex am ple, it w ou ld t r oublesh u al s byoff ollow w it h aut h or- p r ovided t ell mDiagn e t hatose t heand VLAN n eeds toot o beact wit h inprtoblem h e r ange 2 t o ing 100 along 0. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Under st anding w hat VLANs ar e an d h ow t hey w or k is half t h e bat t le of sup por t ing t hem . Thin k of st rituch ct or evitelop rob - isolat t o br r esolv s oadcast s. a p hyUse sicalinsw or- dsw chesedt hpat arlem e div ided ion up m intet o hods log ical id gese tTr o ouble assist Tick w it hetbr Log ical br id ges or b road cast dom ains, m or e oft en r ef er r ed t o as VLANs, ar e p ossible w it hin or " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es bet w een sw it ch es, as you can see in Figur e 7- 2 . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Figu r e 7 - 2 . VLANs Ar e Logical Br i dge s

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout NO TE t h e act ual equip ment ablish a baseline and in docu ment our phio, ysical andp logical or need k IEst f you h ave m or e VLANs y our lab yscenar at t his oint y oun et mway t o clear t hem or d elet e flash: v lan .d at t o com plet ely r emov e t h em . My dev ices ar e in t he out - of- t h eI dent if yault t r oublesh oot get using pin g, owand , clear debu anerd - ot box d ef VLAN Tr uning kintgarPr otsocol ( VTP) sert rvace, er m sh ode def, ault t og,I nt Swher it ch Lin k t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ( I SL) en cap su lat ion. ( You r equipm ent m ay var y . ) You m ight need t o chang e you r box es t o ser ver m ode or ch ange t he encapsulat ion t o f ollow along and un derst an d. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g st r u ct ores - d ev p robwlem hods t ogr r esolv e Tr Tick eter s ent VLANs: Figur eUse 7- 2inillust r at t welop o swed it ches her- eisolat por tion s arm e et logically ouped intouble o t hr ee diff RED, GREEN, an d BLUE. The RED VLAN mem ber s ar e able t o t alk t o ot hers w it h in t h e same " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es VLAN ( su bnet ) . The GREEN VLAN m em bers are ab le t o t alk t o ot h er s w it hin t he sam e VLAN ( subnAnaly et ) . The BLUEand VLAN em s ar eprable t os tin alkEtt ohern ot hers ww it hin t he e VLAN ( suwbnet ze local r emmot e ber access oblem et net or ks, in sam clud ing issues it h ) . Alt houcabling, gh t he VLANs are isolat ed fr om one anot her , int r aVLAN comm u nicat ion s can occur I ntk,r asp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay . lin VLAN aut t r aff ic can occur w it hin or bet w een t h e swit ches b ecause t h e t r unk car r ies RED, GREEN, o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e and BLUE VLAN t raf fic. How ever , int er - VLAN com m un icat ions su ch as RED t o GREEN, RED t o BLUE,App GREEN t o er BLUE, anblesh d so on e nmet ot h possible t som e Lay er and 3 decisions ly a lay ed t rou ootar ing odologywt it o hou r eallife rou t ing swit chinbgecause each VLAN env is airon separ at e subn et . The Rou t e Sw it ch Module/ Mult ilay er Swit ch Feat u re Car d ment s ( RSM/ MSFC) ( r out er b lade) in Figur e 7- 2 is one w ay of supp ort in g VLAN- t o- VLAN com mu nicat s. I ing t uses a separ e E( p hy or log ical in t er find aceisp for t o suppor t ton he Desig ned forion aspir CCNP and at CCI r) sical pr of essionals, t his eneach sab leVLAN lab g uide b uilds int er VLAN r ou t ing fun ct ion . By logically gr oupin g t he por t s on a sw it ch or am ong dif ferent Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP sw it ch es, y ouing canexam v ir t ually separ at eerbr idg es in yaou swriteady ch and e a rou t er the Tr oubleshoot . Full creat of preact ical ex cises t hw atitghet f or hav challenges on rou t het ej ob, pack et s bet w een t hem . Next , I w ant t o look in t o som e of t he p ract ical ad van t ages t o u sin g CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealVLANs. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

VLAN Advantages The f ollow in g ar e som e adv ant ages of VLANs:

• •

Se curi t y— VLANs enable y ou t o isolat e gr oup s of users. Can you im agine a st udent adj ust ing a t eacher 's salar y because t hey ar e ph ysically on t h e same net w ork ? How about healt h rTable ecor ds? of Content Polices r ecor ds? I ndex

gm b roa dcast s— I ing f y ou CCNP PSe ra cti cale nt St udi es: Tr ouble shoot

ar e only t alk ing about one p art icular box causing t he m ajor it y of br oad cast t raf fic, y ou sh ould pr obably look at j ust isolat ing t hat box . I f By Donna L. Har rington br oadcast s com e fr om v ar ious st at ions, VLANs can assist . PubBe lishter: t erCisco u t ilPress iz at i on

of ban dw id t h— You can sep arat e man agem en t an d cont r ol t raf fic f r om Sm aller sp anning t r ees help w it h Lay er 2 con ver gence.

Pub t hat Dat e:ofApril t he0 4, en20 d 03 u ser . I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Re duce d la t en cy — Smaller br oadcast d om ain s using Lay er 2 devices t o m inim ize t he Pages: 84 0 nu mb er of Lay er 3 d ev ices. Ea sy t o m ove u se rs— For ex am ple, a u ser m ov es fr om t h e Sales d ep art ment t o t he En gineer ing d ep art m ent . Just associat e t he ap pr opr iat e por t w it h t h e appr opr iat e VLAN inst ead of m ak ing w irin g closet ph ysical changes. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket As y ou s bcan ased see, on tCisco here are I n t ern m uet lt ip w or le kreasons Tr oub leshoot t o use in VLANs, g ( CI T)ant opics. d under st andin g t h em a lit t le bet t er w ill cer t ainly h elp y ou k eep a m ore st ab le net w ork . Wit h t his b ook, you can: Tr ial and err or h as pr ov en t h at f lat n et w or k s and end- t o- en d VLANs do not scale. Moder n im plem ent at ion s use Lay er 2 swit ches f or t he access layer and Layer 3 sw it ch es in t h e Setion u p and an d cor f ollow along w it h realor tldhelab scenar ios ic,akweit su h or dist r ibut e layer s. Regar dlesswof equip ment , italigned is u p t ot oyeach ou anex d am me ttop om re w it hout t h e act ual equip ment end- t o- en d com m unicat ions occur an d t hat ev ery one is happ y. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies NO TE Diagn and t rare oublesh u alr pr s oper by f ollow ing it h taut h or- pt hr ovided Cat aly ose st VLANs ver y oot por act t - cent ic,oblem and pr plann ingalong is critwical o ease e Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin m aint enance t h er eof. For ex am ple, it is n ot a good VLAN d esign t o m ix con t rolg and m anagem ent t raf fic w it h end- u ser t raf fic. You should analy ze t he var ious t y pes of VLAN Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s t r aff ic so t h at y ou can at a m inim um separ at e t h e m anagem en t an d cont rol t r affic fr om t"he user t rafwfic. Snif f" t he ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut Traffic o negot iatTypes ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e VLAN App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Ty pesenv of iron VLAN t rafsfic in clud e t he follow in g: ment Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cont rol — Prot ocol t raf fic such as Span ning Tr ee Prot ocol ( STP) , CDP, Dy nam ic Tr unk ing Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Pr ot ocol ( DTP) , VTP, and Por t Ag gr eg at ion Pr ot ocol ( PAg P) t y pically use VLAN1 . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealEnd - use r— VLANs creat e isolat ion. I f one wor k st at ion goes berser k, t he im pact is lim it ed w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. t o t he u ser VLAN. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Ma na ge m en t — Ser v ices such as t elnet , Sim ple Net wor k Managem en t Pr ot ocol ( SNMP) , im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

VLAN Memb er ship Policy Ser ver ( VMPS) , and Sy slog nor m ally use w hat ev er VLAN t h at is assig ned t o t he Super visor Con sole ( sc0) por t .

Configuring VLANs Plannin g is t he m ost im por t ant par t of VLANs. VLANs ar e subn et s and t hu s ar e par t of t he I P •add ressin g d Table Content esignof . Of t en its is helpfu l t o hav e a r ecog nizable p at t ern . Perh aps y ou mig ht use •som et h in g likI ndex e 10 . bldg. v lan . nod e/ 24 w it h . 1, . 2, and . 3 r eser v ed f or Hot St an dby Rout er CCNP P ra cti cal St udiand es: Tr. 4 ouble Pr ot ocol ( HSRP) t hr shoot oughing . 20 for rou t er int er faces, ser ver s, and pr int er s. By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

NO TE

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 84 t0ach a h ub t o a por t assign ed t o a VLAN, all por t s on t he hub ar e par t of t he I fPages: you at VLAN.

Ot h er t hing s t he sup por t p er son sh ould be f amiliar w it h include t h e fact t hat all por t s st ar t out in Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble VLAN1 . I f you associat e a por t w it h a diff er ent VLAN an d t hen d elet e t h at VLAN w it h cle ar v la n t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. # , h owev er, all por t s associat ed w it h t h at VLAN w ill be in an inact iv e st at e. You can fix t h at b y creat e VLANs ain , w hich is mu ch easier if y ou pr ev iously saved t he con figur at ion t o a Wit h ing t hist h b ook, you ag can: file. As y ou con figu r e t he chap t er scenar io, y ou w ill ex perience t h ese an d ot h er VLAN ad van t ages and disadv ant ag es. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or St ar t w y our plannin g an con figu ring u sing t h e chapt er scen ario VLANs in Figur e 7- 3 . Each VLAN it hout t h e act uald equip ment has a nu mb er and an associat ed n et w or k ( such as I P or I PX) . VLANs ar e Lay er 2; how ever , int er -Est VLAN con anect iv it y isand t hr ou gh ment rou t ers ( Lay 3) . Use bnet 192 68. ablish baseline docu y our pherysical andsulogical n et .1 w or k 5 .1 6/ 28 f or VLAN1, 19 2. 168 . 5. 32/ 2 8 f or VLAN1 0, 1 92. 16 8. 5. 48 / 28 for VLAN20, and su bnet 192 .1 68. 5 .0 / 30 for t he dents.if yCrteat r oublesh ing t ar get s using sh ow clear , debu g, an d ot her ser ialI link e t he oot VLANs, associat e porpin t s, g, antdr ace, assign I P ,add resses u sin g Figur e 7- 3 as a oub leshoot t ools an dewu ay t ilits ies gu id e.t r Assign hosting defau lt gat using t he last addr ess ( not t he b road cast ) for each su bnet . Use Table 7 - 2 if y ou need m or e host det ail. Do not con figur e t he VLAN- t o- VLAN r out in g or Diagn t r un king y etose . and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Figu r e 7 - 3 . Ch apt er Scen ar i o VLANs

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO Set TE u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Refer t o Tables 7- 1 an d 6- 7 f or assist an ce wit h I OS com par ed t o Cat OS VLAN com man ds. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( ar e comCon m and inprutat , ou t put , and loggin g Tab ler )7Sof -2t.wHost fi gu i on Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s H ost I P Ad dre ss Su bne t M ask Gat e w ay " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es host a ( VLAN1) 19 2. 168 . 5. 17 25 5. 255 . 255. 2 40 19 2. 168 . 5. 30 ze local ot e. 5. access pr oblem25 s in Et hern et 2net issues host bAnaly ( VLAN2 0) and19r em 2. 168 49 5. 255 . 255. 40 w or ks, in clud 19 ing 2. 168 . 5. 62w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, host caut ( VLAN10) 2. 168 . 5. 33 5. 255 255.e2 40 19 2. 168 . 5. 46 o negot iat ion,19addr essing , encapsulat 25 ion, and . mor App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Aft er y our host conf igur at ion, cr eat e VLAN2 0 u sin g t he VLAN dat abase m ode as in Ex am ple 7- 9. Pay par t icu lar at t en t ion t hat t his is not per for m ed f rom global con figu rat ion m ode. The com m and Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on t o ex it an d apply t h e ch anges is e xi t . Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealExa plplicat e 7 -ion 9 . ofCrLAN e atand ingWAN VLAN2 0 on t h e 3 5 1 2 XL ( I O S) w or ldmap t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sw3512xl#vlan database sw3512xl(vlan)#vlan 20 name vlan20 VLAN 20 added: Name: vlan20 •

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sw3512xl(vlan)#?

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

VLAN database editing buffer manipulation commands: By Donna L. Har rington

abort

Exit mode without applying the changes

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

apply changes and bump revision number Pub Dat e: Apply April 0 4, current 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

exit

Apply changes, bump revision number, and exit mode

no

Negate a command or set its defaults

reset

Abandon current changes and reread current database

Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble show Show database information t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. vlan Add, delete, or modify values associated with a single VLAN Wit h t his b ook, you can: vtp

Perform VTP administrative functions.

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or sw3512xl(vlan)#exit w it hout t h e act ual equip ment APPLYEstcompleted. ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Exiting.... I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ex am ple 7- 10 con t in ues t he con figu rat ion by associat ing int erf ace fa0 / 2 an d fa0/ 1 2 wit h Use VLAN2 0. in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Exa m pl e 7 - 1 0 . Associa t i ng f a0 / 2 a n d f a0 / 1 2 w it h VLAN2 0 on t he Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 3 5 1 cabling, 2 XL ( I O spS) eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g sw3512xl(config)#interface fastethernet 0/2 env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E(?r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on sw3512xl(config-if)#switchport Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of prcharacteristics act ical ex er cises t hof at gthe et y interface ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, access Set access mode CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat iontrunking of LAN andmode WANof t opthe ics. interface mode Set CCNP Pr act ical ud ies: Tr oublesh ootwhen in g p rin ovides y ou w it h mode p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e multi SetStcharacteristics multi-VLAN im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

trunk

Set trunking characteristics of the interface

sw3512xl(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 sw3512xl(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/12 sw3512xl(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20 •

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sw3512xl(config-if)#end CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Next Pub , ver lish er: ify Cisco t h atPress t h e por t s w er e in f act ad ded t o VLAN20 as in Ex am ple 7- 11. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Exa mPages: pl e 8470- 1 1 . Ve r if yi ng t h e VLAN Con fi gu r at i on

sw3512xl#show vlan Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble VLAN Name Status Ports t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ------------ ------------------------------Wit h t -------------------------------his b ook, you can: 1

default active Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical andFa0/9, logical nFa0/10, et w or k Fa0/11, Gi0/1,

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, shGi0/2 ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 20 vlan20 active Fa0/2, Fa0/12 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar eactive com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 1002 Cat fddi-default Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 1003 token-ring-default active " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 1004 fddinet-default

active

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 1005 cabling, trnet-default sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion andactive collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ... App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( Don 't for r) Iget nt ert onet conf w ork ig urTrou e and bleshoot v erif y int he g (VLAN1 CI T) t op I Picspar t hat amet p rer epsare for yman ou for agem t heen CCNP t pu r poses so t hat yTrou oubleshoot can t elnet ing t o exam t he d.ev Full ice of ( see pr act Ex ical am ple ex er 7-cises 12) . tI hn at such g et ay ou small r eady lab fscen or challenges ario, VLANon1 tis hef in j ob, e. CCNP How evPr eract , itical is aStbet udties: er prTract oublesh ice t o oot u seinan g ot g ives her yVLAN ou anfor edg man e ov agement er t he com pu rp pet oses. it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP acteical oublesh g pem r ovides inf or ion on all t h e Exa mPrpl 7 - St 1 2ud. ies: I n-Tr ba nd Moot aninag e nt yfou or wt ithhep 3ract 5 1ical 2 XL ( Imat O S) im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sw3512xl(config)#interface vlan1 sw3512xl(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.18 255.255.255.240 sw3512xl(config-if)#no shut •

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sw3512xl(config-if)#end • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

sw3512xl#copy running-config startup-config By Donna L. Har rington

sw3512xl#show interface vlan1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

VLAN1 Pub Dat ise: up, April 0line 4, 20 03protocol is up I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Hardware CPU Interface, address is 00d0.7968.8480 (bia 00d0.7968.8480) Pages: 84 is 0 Internet address is 192.168.5.18/28 ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: I OS of fer s Lay er 3 int er faces and Lay er 2 p or t s or sw it ch por t s. To conv er t t h e int erf ace fr om a r out ed int erf ace t o a swit ched por t , y ou use t h e int erf ace com m and sw i t chpor t m ode a cce ss. This set por as an along accessw pit ort r at her h an t r unk ios por aligned t . On m any d ev ices, Sets ut hpean d tf ollow h realw ortld laba scenar t o each ex amt ht eopinic,t er wfa it hceor ra ng ew it com m and enables y ou t o do t his t o lot s of por t s sim ult aneously in t er fa ce ra nge 6 / 1-2 4, hout t h e act ual equip ment 7 / 1 - 1 2 . Th e com m and enab les y ou t o conf igur e p ort s 1 t hr ough 24 on m odule 6 an d p ort s 1 t hr ou Est gh ablish 12 on a mod ule 7 all at docu once.ment These sw ph it chpor t s and d ef ault t o VLAN1 baseline and y our ysical logical n et w or, kbu t t h e sw i t chpor t a cce ss v l an v lan # com m and enables y ou t o assig n t he por t t o a par t icular VLAN. Because t hese dent if y t r oublesh oot t ar get s using g, t r ace, ow clear por t s Iar e t echnically Lay ering 2 now , y ou can 't pin assign an I Pshad dr, ess t o, tdebu hem g, d iran ectdlyot . her I n st ead, you ing oolst oanact d uas t ilitaies need tar oub sep leshoot arat e int erftace r out ed int er face f or bot h of t h em . Th is calls f or a sw it ched v irt u al int er face ( SVI ) , w hich you cr eat ed in Ex am ple 7- 12 u sin g t he in t er fa ce vl a n1 com m and. Diagned oseit and u al pr oblem s byt he f ollow ingi nt along w it hv la aut p rm ovided You assign an I tPr oublesh addr essoot andact ver ified it using show e rf ace n1h orcom and. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Next , cr eat e VLAN1 0 an d associat e t he p or t s as in Figur e 7- 3 on t h e Cat OS- based 29 00 swit ch inple st r u7ct13. or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s as in Use Ex am " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Exa m pl eze7local - 1 3 .and Cr rea inegaccess VLAN1 0 a ns din Associa t i ng h einPor t s on t hw e it2h 9 0 0 Analy emtot pr oblem Et hern et net w ortks, clud ing issues ( Ca tcabling, O S) sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g sw2900> env iron (enable) ment s set vlan 10 name vlan10 Desig nedadd/modify for aspir ing VLANs CCNP and CCI E( r)server pr of essionals, t his isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cannot on a VTP without a ind domain name. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of ?pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, sw2900> (enable) set vtp CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld apset plicatvtp ion of LAN and] WAN t op[mode ics. Usage: [domain ] [passwd ] CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in |g pdisable>] r ovides y ou[v2 w it h (enable) set vtp domain donna By Donna L. Har rington

VTP domain donna modified Pub lish er: Cisco Press

sw2900> (enable) set vlan 10 name vlan10 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Vlan 10 configuration successful Pages: 84 0

sw2900> (enable) set vlan 10 1/2,2/1 VLAN 10 modified. Hand pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble VLAN s-1onmodified. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. VLAN Mod/Ports Wit h t his b ook, you can: ---- ----------------------10

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 1/1-2 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est2/1 ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

sw2900> show vlan I dent(enable) if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies VLAN Name Status IfIndex Mod/Ports, Vlans Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ---- Cat -------------------------------------aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e--------com m and inp ut , ou t -----------------------put , and loggin g 1

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods 5t o r esolv e2/2-12 Tr ouble Tick et s default active

10

"vlan10 Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

active

10

1/2

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, 2/1in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, ... aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Not icer)how Exnet amwple 13 inbleshoot sist ed you omain b effor or et he youCCNP could creat e an y Cisco( I nt er ork7-Trou in g creat ( CI T)e t aopVTP ics tdhat p r epnam are ey ou VLANs or associat e t he por t s. VTP is t h e VLAN Tr u nk in g Prot ocol ( discussed in m or eon det ail jin Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges t he ob,t he sect ion " Man aging VLANs" ) . Nex t , set up t h e 290 0 I P par am et er s t o allow t eln et t o t he b ox. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealEx am 7- 14 ion illust es and how WAN t o conf igur w or ld ple ap plicat ofr at LAN t op ics.e t h e Super visor Console. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Exa pl econ 7 -cep 1 4t s. cen I n-t ral batnd Mtan ag em eing nt por f ort ion t h eof 2t he 9 0CCNP 0 ( Cat im porm t ant o the r oubleshoot cer tOS) ificat ion, includ in g

sw2900> (enable) set interface sc0 1 192.168.5.19 255.255.255.240 Interface sc0 vlan set, IP address and netmask set. sw2900> (enable) set interface sc0 up •

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•Interface sc0 I ndexadministratively up. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Aft er ed, I not iced som e er r or m essages on t h e por t in m y exam p le. Pubt he Dat VLAN e: April w 0 4,as 20creat 03 How ev er , t he cou nt ers had never b een clear ed , so I clear ed t hem an d didn' t n ot ice any m or e I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 err or s. The sc0 por t w as u sed t o assign t he I P addr ess t o t he Cat OS- based sw it ch lik e t he SVI for Pages: 84 0 t he I OS- based sw it ch . I n pr act ical ap plicat ion u se an ot her VLAN ot her t h an VLAN1. As y ou can v erif y in t he pr eviou s ex am ples, m aking VLANs w ork is a m ult ist ep p rocess. How ev er , y ou on ly creat ed VLANs on t w o sw it ches. What if y ou had 50 0? Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tVLAN icket s b Membership ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or kServer Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Policy (VMPS) Wit h t his b ook, you can: An alt er nat iv e t o m anual VLAN associat ion is t h e dy nam ic VMPS. How ever , it is st ill lot s of wor k t o build t he init ial dat abase, w hich is w hy m any choose t o ju st go w it h st at ic VLANs. The VMPS dat abSet ase uisp aant ex d ftollow f ile residing along won it h arealTFTP w or serv ld lab er . The scenar VMPS ios aligned ser v er reads t o each t heext ex amt ftile op ic, andw it h or r em em w it bers houtt he t h ed at acta.ual Dyequip nam icment VLANs t hen look t o t he VMPS serv er for MAC look up w hen it at t aches t o a p ort . Ot her Cat alyst s ar e conf igur ed as VMPS clien t s t hat com mu nicat e w it h t he ablish a baseline y ouraut phhysical n etuse w or kcomm an ds such as ser v erEst over UDP por t 1 589and f or docu por t ment - t o- VLAN or izatand ion . logical You t hen show v m ps an d show por t t o display t h e dy nam ic por t s. Tw o opt ional Cisco t ools for b uilding I dent if y includ t r oublesh ootUser ing tRegist ar get srat using pin g,( URT) t r ace,and sh ow , clear , debu anit dched ot her t he dat abase e t he ion Tool CiscoWork s f org,Sw Net w or ks t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ( CWSI ) . URT is based on Net BI OS log in inf or mat ion and m anag ed w it h CWSI . Th e User Tr ack er for CWSI k eep s t r ack of in div id ual st at ion s on t he net w or k and aut omat ically pop ulat es t he VMPS Diagn and t r oublesh ootLAN act uSw al itpr oblem s by fPress) ollow ing w ityhClar aut kh orovided ser v er. Seeose Cisco.com or Cisco chin g ( Cisco by along Kenn ed andp rKevin Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ham ilt on f or m or e det ail on config ur in g dy nam ic VLANs. I n p r act ical ap plicat ion of VLANs, st at ic VLANs ar e b y far t he m ost com m on. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h

NO TE sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e The GARP Reg ist r at ion Pr ot ocol ( GVRP) pr ov ides dy nam ic VLAN cr eat ion for I EEE 80 2.ly 1QVLANs. GARP ands for Gent er At tlife r iburou t e Regist r at swit ion Pr ot ocol. App a com lay erpliant ed t rou blesh oot ing st met h odology o ic r ealt ing and chin g GVRP( 802 .1 P) is also u sed for st an dar dsbased VLAN pr un ing. env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Thu s far , y ouing havexam e w or. ked Because ar er eady desig ned for on e VLAN t hey Tr oubleshoot Full wofit hpraccess act ical link ex ers.cises t h at gt hey et y ou f or challenges on ton hely, j ob, do not scale. Next , you w ill learn abou t t r u nk in g so t hat you see how VLANs on one sw it ch can CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealcom muap nicat e ion w it hofotLAN hersand in t hWAN e sam e ics. VLAN on anot h er sw it ch via a t r un k por t . w or ld plicat t op CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trunking Rou t in g p r ovides int er- VLAN con nect iv it y , w hereas t r un king p r ovides int r a- VLAN con nect iv it y . Tr unk w het her b et w een sw it ches, fr om a rou t er t o a swit ch, or fr om a sw it ch t o a f ile ser ver , m inim iz e t he of int er faces and cables t o t r anspor t m ult i- VLAN t raf fic. •

Table of Content s

• I ndex met h ods of m ult iplexin g VLANs in t ru nk ing: Ther e ar e v arious CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Cisco

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Et her Pub Dat e: -April 0 4, net 20 03—I SL

or 802 . 1Q

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

- FDD I —802 .1 0

Pages: 84 0

- ATM—LAN Em ulat ion ( LANE) or m ult ipr ot ocol ov er ATM ( MPOA) Mix ed - vend or env iron ment Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble - 802 Q I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. t icket s b ased on .1 Cisco - LANE MPOA Wit h t his b ook, youorcan: Cisco uses it s ow n pr opr iet ary I SL and t h e st andar ds- based I EEE 80 2. 1Q for t ru nk in g. ( See Figur e 7 How ev er ,uCisco st aralong t ed t owf it avor 802w.1orQldov er scenar I SL. Som n ew er tsw it ch esexsuam ch tas h ew29 Set p an dhas f ollow h reallab ios ealigned o each op tic, it h50orsu ppo 80 2. 1Q. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin rg,e t r7ace, , clear , debu g, an d ot her Figu - 4 . sh Trow un ki ng t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Go ahead figu re Tr I SL t r un king t he 3 512 XLwt oit ht hperact 290ical 0 u inf sinor g mat Ex am 15t han CCNP Pr actand ical con St ud ies: oublesh oot inf rgom p r ovides y ou ionple on7-all e d Figur e 7 gu por id es. im t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 7 - 1 5 . Con f igu r in g Cisco I SL Tr u nk i ng Be t w ee n t h e 2 9 0 0 a nd 3 5 1

sw3512xl(config)#interface fastethernet 0/11 •sw3512xl(config-if)#switchport Table of Content s mode trunk • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing sw3512xl(config-if)#end By Donna L. Har rington

sw3512xl#show interfaces fastethernet 0/11 switchport Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Name: Fa0/11

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Switchport: Enabled Pages: 84 0

Administrative mode: trunk Operational Mode: trunk Administrative Encapsulation: isl Hand s- on pr act iceTrunking for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Operational Trunking Encapsulation: isl Wit h t his b ook, you can: Negotiation of Trunking: Disabled SetMode u p anVLAN: d f ollow0 along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Access ((Inactive)) w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Trunking VLANs Active: 1,20 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Pruning VLANs Enabled: NONE Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g sw3512xl#copy Use in st r u ctrunning-config or - d ev elop ed p robstartup-config lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sp eed plex , u collisions, andw idt CSMA/ e-on w ayy our lin k,p ar t ic I SL iscabling, t he d ef ault t ruand nk in du g en cap sut ilizat lat ionion h erand e, bu t alw ay s bcheck t heh,por t cap CD, abiliton ies negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat and emor sw it chaut t oo see w hat is act ually av ailab le. Nex t , ion, conf igur t h ee ot her end of t he t ru nk on t he 290 0 Cat O in Ex am ple 7- 16. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa m pl e 7 - 1 6 . Tr un k in g on t he 2 9 0 0 Ca t O S Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealsw2900> (enable)set 1/1t op onics. w or ld ap plicat ion of LANtrunk and WAN Port(s) 1/1 mode set to CCNP Pr act ical trunk St ud ies: Tr oublesh ooton. in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sw2900> (enable) %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON:Port 1/1 has become isl trunk sw2900> (enable)show trunk Port

Mode

Encapsulation

Status

Native vlan

--------

-----------

-------------

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Table of Content s

1/1

on

•

I ndex

isl

trunking

1

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Port

Vlans allowed on trunk

By Donna L. Har rington

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---------------------------------------------------------------------

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

1/1Pub

Dat e: 1-1005 April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Port

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Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Pages: 84 0

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Hand act ice for he CCNP Trtree oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Port s- on prVlans in tspanning forwarding state and Inot pruned t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. -------- --------------------------------------------------------------------Wit h t his b ook, you can: 1/1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or sw2900>show port capabilities 1/1 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ModelEst ablish a baseline and docu WS-X2900 ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Port I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t1/1 ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Type 100BaseTX Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided SpeedCat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco 100 I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed half,full p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Duplex f" t hetype w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Trunk" Snif encap ISL ze local and r em ot eon,off,desirable,auto,nonegotiate access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h TrunkAnaly mode cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing Channel no , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Broadcast suppression no env iron ment s Flow control no Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Security yes Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealMembership static,dynamic w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Fast yes oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP start Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Rewrite

no

sw2900> (enable)

The sw i t chpor t m ode t r unk I OS comm an d t u r ned t h e fa0 / 11 por t in t o a t r unk , w h ich y ou v er if ied • Table of Content s show i nt e rf aces fa st e t he r net 0 / 1 1 sw it chp ort . Besid es t r unk ing, t he p reced ing show com m an • I ndex display ed encapsulat ion and act ive VLANs, t oo. All VLANs are allow ed by def ault , bu t y ou can r em o CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing w it h t he sw i t chpor t t r unk al low e d v l an re m ove 11 - 100 0 com m and; t he num ber s at t he end ar e By DonnayL. VLANs ouHar w rington ant t o r em ove. The com m and s w er e d if fer ent f or t h e Cat OS 290 0, b ut t he eff ect w as t h The show por t ca pa bil it i e s com m and is qu it e helpfu l t o kn ow w hat t he p ort is capable of in t er ms du plex Pub lish , encapsu er: Cisco Press lat ion , and t r un king . Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE Not ice t he shad ed ou t put abou t DTP, w hich is a t r unk n eg ot iat ion p r ot ocol. Th e XL sw it ches d o y et supp ort DTP, so t he sw it ch on t h e ot her end of t he t ru nk link m ust be m anu ally set t o t r un k Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit Savhe tyou his rb conf ook, igyou ur atcan: ions an d t hen ex perim ent for a m oment . Bounce ( shut / no sh ut ) fa0/ 1 1 on t h e Verif y y our VTP st at us on bot h sw it ch es as in Ex am ple 7- 17. Look at y our VLANs again in Ex am ple 7 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Exa m pl e 7 - 1 7 . The Resu lt of Boun ci ng an I n t er f a ce

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her sw3512xl#copy t r oub leshootrunning-config ing t ools an d u t ilitstartup-config ies sw3512xl(config)#interface Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot fastethernet act u al pr oblem s0/11 by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g sw3512xl(config-if)#shut Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s sw3512xl(config-if)#no shut " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es sw3512xl(config-if)#end Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, sw3512xl#show vtpand status aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e VTP Version : 2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Configuration Revision : 1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Maximum VLANs supported locally : 254 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Number of existing VLANs : 6 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. VTP Operating Mode : Server CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e VTP : donnaing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im porDomain t ant conName cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot

VTP Pruning Mode

: Disabled

VTP V2 Mode

: Disabled

VTP Traps Generation

: Disabled

MD5 digest

: 0x1F 0xAF 0x58 0x06 0x31 0x48 0x80 0xD9

•

Table of Content s

Configuration • I ndexlast modified by 0.0.0.0 at 5-26-02 12:34:06 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

sw3512xl#!!!the vtp domain name is donna yet you only set it on the 2900 By Donna L. Har rington Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 sw2900> (enable)show vtp domain I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Domain Pages: Name 84 0

Domain Index VTP Version Local Mode

Password

-------------------------------- ------------ ----------- ----------- ---------donna

1

2

server

-

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ... t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Exa m pl e 7 - 1 8 . Ve r if yi ng VLANs w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k sw2900> I dent(enable)show if y t r oublesh ootvlan ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies VLAN Name Status IfIndex Mod/Ports, Vlans Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ---- Cat -------------------------------aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e--------com m and inp ------ut , ou t -----------------------put , and loggin g 1

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods 28 t o r esolv e2/2-12 Tr ouble Tick et s default active

10

"vlan10 Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

active

10

1/2

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, 2/1in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, ... aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g sw3512xl#show vlan env iron ment s VLAN Namefor aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, Status t his Ports Desig ned ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP -----------------------------------------Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et------------------------------y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal1 active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, w or ld default ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Fa0/6, Fa0/7, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it hFa0/5, p ract ical inf or mat ion on Fa0/8, all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Gi0/1, Gi0/2 10

vlan10

active

1002 fddi-default

active

1003 token-ring-default

active

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

1004 fddinet-default

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

1005 trnet-default

active active

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

You ar e not 1-im I SBN: 58ag 720in -0ing 57 -0t hing s. Some of you r VLANs disapp ear ed. VLAN10 is on bot h swit ches, bu t VL t ot allyPages: disapp ear ed. Bot h sw it ch es are in t h e VTP serv er m ode an d u se rev ision nu mb er s t o t r ack ch 84 0 t hu s t he highest r evision num ber w ins. Cer t ainly w h at h appened here is not wh at y ou w ant t o h app pr act ical en vir onm ent . I t is r ecom m en ded t o hav e all t ran sp arent or a ser ies of client / serv er box es net w or k. The p en alt y for u sin g t r an sp arent m ode is t h at y ou need t o m anually cr eat e you r VLANs o sw it ch es. Th e sect ion " Man aging VLANs" discusses VTP in m ore det ail. Hand s- on pr35 act12XL ice for CCNPent Tr oubleshoot w it h TCP/ LAN, and an dvW ouble Ch ange t he t o t the r anspar m od e, coning figuexam re VLAN20 onceI P, again, erAN ify yt rour con figu rat i t icket b ased Ex am sple 7- 19.on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pl e 7 - 1 9 . Cha ngi ng t h e 3 5 1 2 t o Tr an spar e nt M ode Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment sw3512xl#vlan databaseand docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline I dent if y t r oublesh transparent oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her sw3512xl(vlan)#vtp t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Setting device to VTP TRANSPARENT mode. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g sw3512xl(vlan)#exit in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s APPLYUse completed. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Exiting.... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sw3512xl(vlan)#vtp transparent cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Device mode already VTP TRANSPARENT. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g sw3512xl(vlan)#vlan 20 name vlan20 env iron ment s VLAN 20 added: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Name: vlan20 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealsw3512xl(vlan)#exit w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. APPLY CCNP Prcompleted. act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exiting.... sw3512xl#show vlan VLAN Name

Status

Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------•

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Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

By Donna L. Har rington

10

vlan10

active

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

20

Pubvlan20 Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

active

Fa0/2, Fa0/12

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

...

Pages: 84 0

sw3512xl#copy running-config startup-config

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tNot icket Cisco I n12 t ern or kact Tr iv oub leshoot g ( CI T)0.t opics. e tshbatased f a0/on 2 and f a0/ aretewt he e por t s f orin VLAN2 Th e por t associat ion w as au t om at ic bec w as t h er e bef ore. Now view t h e VLANs on t he 290 0 in Ex am ple 7- 20. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pluep 7 . Vi ew in w g itthhe Vw LAN onscenar t he ios 2 9aligned 00 Set an- d2 f0ollow along realor ld slab t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k sw2900> (enable)show vlan I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies VLAN t Name Status IfIndex Mod/Ports, Vlans ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow------ing along -----------------------w it h aut h or- p r ovided ---- Diagn ---------------------------------------Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 1

default active 28 2/2-12 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

10

vlan10 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

active

33

1/2,2/1

... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Perf orenv m airon shut / nos sh ut on int er face f a0/ 1 1 on ce again and ver ify y our VLANs as in Ex am ple 7- 21. ment Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Exa mr)plI nt e er7net - 2w 1 ork . VeTrou r if bleshoot yi ng VLANs Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. sw3512xl(config)#interface fastethernet 0/11 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sw3512xl(config-if)#shut sw3512xl(config-if)#no shut sw3512xl(config-if)#end sw3512xl#show vlan •

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---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------By Donna L. Har rington

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default

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Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4,

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8,

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Gi0/1, Gi0/2

Pages: 84 0

10

vlan10

active

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vlan20

active

Fa0/2, Fa0/12

Hand ... s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. sw2900> (enable)show vlan Wit h t his b ook, you can: VLAN Name

Status

IfIndex Mod/Ports, Vlans

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------- -----------------------w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 1

default active 2/2-12 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and28 logical n et w or k

10

I vlan10 dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pinactive g, t r ace, sh10 ow , clear ,1/2 debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 2/1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ... Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es I t is cor r ect t hat t he 3 512 XL show s b ot h VLANs because it p r ev iously lear ned abou t VLAN1 0 v ia VTP access oblem w 0oron ks,lyindisplays clud ing issues h 29 00,Analy wh enzeit local w as and in serr em verotmeode. I t ispralso cors rin ectEtthern hat tet henet 290 VLAN10w itbecause VL cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay creat ed in t he 35 12XL w hile it was in t r ansp arent m ode ( so VLAN20 did not get p rop agat edlintk, hr ough negot VTP daut omoain ) . iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e a lay t rou h odology o r VLANs eal- life ar rou ing andr ed swit chint g Now tApp h at lyy our swerited ches arblesh e in aoot m ing or e met st able st at e, tthe e tconfigu , and he I SL t r un king i env iron ment s VTP in for m at ion, I w an t t o cont inue discu ssing ot her t r u nk in g m et hod s. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPNO Pr act TEical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. You cannot r ou t e fr om VLAN t o VLAN f or a cou ple of r easons at t h is point , b ut I w ill r ev isit t hat CCNPissu Pr act ical m Store ud ies: oot in gdet p rails ovides e and VTPTrmoublesh anagem ent soony .ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Inter-Switch Link (ISL) I SL is a Cisco pr op riet ar y VLAN t agging m et hod t hat is used only for point - t o- p oint con nect ion s on t hat supp ort s I SL t r u nk in g. For t h at m at t er , any t ru nk m ust be poin t - t o- point . Alt houg h 100 Mbp s o r ecom m en ded, t h e specif icat ion s su ppor t 10 Mbp s, t oo. You set y our t r un ks t o I SL en cap sulat ion. ( A • Table of Content s t hat w as t h e defau lt for t he lab scenar io sw it ches. ) •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

When a f r ame goes out an I SL t r un k, it get s encapsulat ed by t ag ging it w it h a 26- b yt e I SL header a By Donna anot h er L.4-Har by rington t e cy clical r edun dancy check ( CRC) t r ailer . Th er efor e it is possib le for an I SL fr am e t o 30 = 1 548 b yt es, also k now n as a " baby g ian t . " I SL t r unk s can car r y not only Et her net t r af fic, bu t a RingPuban der: FDD I due lish Cisco Presst o t h e r eser ved field in t h e I SL h ead er . Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Pr ev iously , you h ad t o m anually conf igur e I SL on bot h en ds, bu t D TP allow s t he sw it ch t o negot iat e I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Fram es ar e sen t ou t ev er y 3 0 secon ds t h r ough t he sam e m ult icast MAC as CDP b ut wit h a diff er ent Pages: 0 Sub net w ork84Access Prot ocol ( SNAP) v alu e. The t r un k m odes for use w it h t he set t ru nk m od# / por t # com man d ar e on , off , d esir able, aut o, an d n onegot iat e. Do y ou r ecall t he D TP m essage w h en y ou se t r un k on t he 29 00. Look back at Ex am ple 7- 16 t o r eview it now . DTP en hances t he old er Dy nam ic I n Sw it ch Link ( DI SL) fu nct ionalit y in t hat it negot iat es t ru nk in g for n ot on ly I SL, bu t also I EEE 8 02. 1Q Becau ion rog ress, t her e is r oom for negot ion Inot t o occur Thin ar e fin e w hen Hand s-seonnegot pr actiat ice foris t in he pCCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it hiat TCP/ P, LAN, an d. W ANgs t r ouble rt icket esult ss bare on/ on becau se bot h ends ar e t r u nk in g. I f t he result is off / off , y ou p rob ably ar e look in g a ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. access link an d n ot a t r unk . I t is wh en y ou en d up w it h on / off or of f/ on t h at y ou need t o inv est igat e set m ally esir able or aut o on one side w it h t he ot her side of t he t ru nk set t o on w ork s j us Witthintgs. his Nor b ook, you, dcan: Con sider h ard coding y our cr it ical link s. p an d fed ollow along w ited h ,realld lab each ic, hwerit hVLAN or on Whet hSet er nu eg ot iat or har d cod by dweforault all scenar VLANsios canaligned use t het ot ru nk . ex Cr am eat et op anot w itsom houte t thr eunk actrual ment and set est requip ict ions as in Ex am ple 7- 22. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl e 7 - 2 2 . Tr un k Rest r i ct i ons I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided sw2900> (enable)set Cat aly st ( r ) OS and vlan Cisco 100 I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Vlan Use 100inconfiguration st r u ct or - d ev elop successful ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s sw2900> " Snif(enable)show f" t he w ir e t o sptrunk ot n et w or k issu es local and r em ot e access pr oblemStatus s in Et hern et netNative w or ks, invlan clud ing issues w it h Port Analy zeMode Encapsulation cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat-----------ion, and mor e ---------------------------------------a lay er ed t rou blesh t o r eal- life1rou t ing and swit chin g 1/1 App ly on isl oot ing met h odology trunking env iron ment s Port Vlans allowed on trunk Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal1/1 Pr act1-1005 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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sw2900> (enable)clear trunk ? By Donna L. Har rington

Usage: clear trunk [vlans...] Pub lish er: Cisco Press

(An example Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

of mod/ports is 1/1,2/1-12,3/1-2,4/1-12

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

vlans = 2..1005

Pages: 84 0

An example of vlans is 2-10,1005) sw2900> (enable)clear trunk 1/1 100 Hand s- on pr act ice for100 t hefrom CCNPallowed Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Removing Vlan(s) list. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Port 1/1 allowed vlans modified to 1-99,101-1005. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Anot h er met h od of cont r olling w hich VLANS ar e allow ed is t h e set t ru nk m od# / por t # ? com m and. A opt ionEst s include e follow ing: ablish at hbaseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Usag e: set leshoot t r unk [ on | off | desirab le | aut o | n onegot iat e] [ v lans] [ t r unk _t y pe] ( v lans = ose 1 . .1and 005 t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagn AnCat exaly amp le vlans 2- 10I ,OS( 1005 st ( r )ofOS and is Cisco r ) ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ( t ru nk _t y pe = isl, dot 1 q, dot 1 0, lan e, n eg ot iat e) Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Ex am ple 7- 23 illust r at es fir st u sin g Cat OS an d t hen u sin g I OS for t ru nk r est rict ions. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy r emkot Rest e access Exa m pl eze7local - 2 3 .and Tr un r i ctpri oblem ons s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h

cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g sw2900> (enable)!!!CatOS Example env iron ment s sw2900> trunk ? of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned (enable)set for aspir ing CCNP and1/1 CCI E(on r) pr Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Usage: set ing trunk

off desirable | auto |on nonegotiate] Tr oubleshoot exam . Full of pr act ical ex er[on cises|t h at g et| y ou r eady f or challenges t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [trunk_type] (vlans CCNP Pr act ical St=ud1..1005 ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

An example of vlans is 2-10,1005) (trunk_type = isl,dot1q,dot10,lane,negotiate) sw2900> (enable) sw3512xl#!!!IOS Example •

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sw3512xl(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan ? CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

WORD

VLAN IDs of the allowed VLANs when this port is in trunking mode

By Donna L. Har rington

add

add VLANs to the current list

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

all Pub

all0 4,VLANs Dat e: April 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

except

all VLANs except the following

remove

remove VLANs from the current list

Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tBecau icket sseb ased on Cisco I n t ern w or kment Tr ouby leshoot g (gCIisT)allt opics. t he chap t er scenar ioetequip ou ar e in u sin Cisco and uses I SL, t hat has been t he f far . How ev er , d ot 1Q pr ov id es mu lt ivend or supp ort . Wit h t his b ook, you can: u p an d f(dot1Q) ollow along IEEESet802.1Q

w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Unlike I SL, I EEE 80 2. 1Q off er s m u lt iv endor su ppor t . As sh own in Figur e 7- 5 , I SL is m ore of an enca Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ( ext er nal t aggin g) m et hod , w her eas 8 02. 1 Q is an int er nal f r am e t aggin g m et hod of VLAN ident ifica I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Figu r e 7 - 5oot . I act SLu al Enprca psula an 8 0 2 .1 Fr a me Ta ggi ng Diagn ose and t r oublesh oblem s byt ifon ollow ingd along w itQ h aut h orp r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal80 allows ioritand izat ion of t top r aff ic using t he Pr ior it y field w it h in t h e 802 . 1Q t ag. I SL has t hr e w or2.ld1Q apalso plicat ion of pr LAN WAN ics. bit s as w ell; t hey aut om at ically map t o t he I P TOS f ield. 802 .3 ac ext end s Et h er net ' s fr am e size t o 1 tCCNP o allow Pr act for ical t h e St intud eries: nal Tr t ag oublesh . Ob viously oot in ,g equipm p r ovides enty ou t hatw doesn't it h p ractun ical derst inf or anmat d t hese ion on so-all called t h e bab y gia im por com plains. t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

80 2. 1Q allow s VLAN v alues up t o 409 5, b ut t he Cat aly st m ay on ly allow up t o 1 005 , so in a m ix ed env iron ment it is b est pr act ice t o not go abov e 10 05. Con figu ring 8 02. 1Q on t he Cat alyst is as easy as using t he f ollow in g com m and:

•

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

set trunkmod#/port# [on | desirable | auto | nonegotiate]dot1q Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Using t h e comm an ds f rom t he I SL sect ion, check y our h ard w are an d I OS v er sion t o see w het her y o env iron ment supp ort s I SL, 80 2. 1Q, or bot h . Alt hou gh my lab sw it ches defau lt t o I SL, t her e ar e m an sw it ch es t hat default t o t h e dot 1 Q st an dar d. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Et h er Ch is an ot her et hod ofk comb m ult en t s int o one t h at I b riefly m ent ion in t t icket s bannel ased on Cisco I nm t ern et w or Tr oubining leshoot in iple g ( CIseg T) m t opics. subsect ion . Nor m ally if y ou hav e m ult iple par allel connect ions bet w een t h e same t wo sw it ch es, y ou pass af fic on only e of t hem . ( STP w ou ld p ut t he ot h er s int o blockin g st at e, an d t hey w ould pr ov Wit h tt rhis b ook, you on can: r ed und ancy bu t no per for m ance adv ant ag e. ) Wit h Et her Chan nel, STP t r eat s t h e aggr egat e b und le o connect ions as on e logical connect ion an d t he ind ividu al por t s ar e in for w ar ding st at e. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

EtherChannel Est ablish a baseline and

docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Et h er Ch annel binesoot m ult Fasts using or Gigab mentshs ow w here t he speeds md at ot chher in t o g rou ps of t w I dent if y tcom r oublesh ingiptle ar get pinitg,seg t r ace, , clear , debu g, an or eight . How ev er,ing som e swan it ches and t r oub leshoot t ools d u t ilit ies card s ar e less r est rict iv e t han ot her s w it h t he w ay b andw idt h agg regat ed . On t he Cat 600 0 fam ily, for inst an ce, y ou can load shar e t r aff ic on a sour ce/ d est inat ion Diagn ose in and t r oublesh al prsour oblem by dest f ollow ing it h haut add ress basis, addit ion t o toot h e ract eguular ce sand inat ionalong MACwmet od.h orUsep rtovided he show m odul Cat d alyt ostsee ( r ) OS and OS( r ) Sof w artes com and inp ut ou t put andt ion loggin com man wh et herCisco y our Isw it ch supt por Et h ermCh annel f r ,ame dist, ribu so gt hat you can dec w het her MAC or I P load shar ing is best f or y our env ir onm en t . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s The Et her Chan nel gr oup is k now n by on e MAC addr ess: t hat of t he p rim ar y link . The p r im ar y link is Snif f" est t he MAC w ir e add t o sp ot n et w oritkisissu es for con t rol m essages and m onit or ing. Recov ery is ver y w it h t"he low ress, and u sed im por t ant . I f t h e pr im ary lin k dies, wh at h appens? I n t h e past , t h e w hole gr oup w ould die. Now , in local and r em ot e access s tinlow Et hern et net w or ks, tin ing issues wbased it h k bps, Analy an d 6zek bp s sw it ches, t he lin k w itpr h oblem t he nex est MAC add ress akclud es over . I n XLsw it c cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay k,o link link w it h t he low est ut ilizat ion at t hat mom ent t ak es ov er . I n t h e 19 00s, y ou can on ly hav elint w autannel, o negot ion,one addr , encapsulat Et h er Ch soiatt he lefessing t is alone. Th e bunion, dlesand can mor be e con figu r ed as an Et h er Ch annel t ru nk . Th y ou con figur e an y por t in t h e channel, it applies t o all por t s. Cisco creat ed t he PAg P f or ch annel n eg App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g w it h aut o and desir able m odes. env iron ment s DesigIned aspir ing desir CCNP and tCCI his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on f t w for o p ort s are able, hey E( t r r) unpr k of in essionals, Et her Chant nel. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ingdesirab exam .leFull of pr exannel. er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Aut o and t r unk in act Et hical er Ch CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldAut ap oplicat LANnot and WAN t op ics. t h ey never negot iat e. andion autof o do t r unk b ecause CCNP actru ical St ud ies: oot Et in gherChann p r ovidesely ou w it h ical inf on all t h e, w hich ar You m Pr ig ht n acr oss t heTrtoublesh er m s Fast ( FEC) anpdract Gigabit Etor h mat er Chion annel ( BEC) im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ Et h er n et t ech nologies lev erag ing off of t h e lin k agg regat ion pr ov ided v ia Et her Chan nel. in g

Table 7 - 3 p r ovides t h e basic comm an ds t o con figu re Et her Chan nel. For a m or e exh aust ive list t hat t o addit ional devices, ref er t o Cisco.com .

Tab le 7 -3 . Con f igu r in g Et he r Ch an ne l •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Cat O S cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing CCNP P ra

I OS

By set Donna porL.t Har cha rington nne l m od#

in t er fa ce fa 0 / 1

/ por t s [ adm in gr ou p]

setPub por t cha nne l m od# / por t # m ode [ on| off | de sira bl e | a ut o] lish er: Cisco Press [ sil en t | non - sil ent ] Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

por t gr oup 1 in t er fa ce fa 0 / 2

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

por t gr oup 1

Pages: 84 0

On MSFC:

in t er fa ce vl a n 1

in t er fa ce vl a n1

ip a ddr ess 1 0 . 1 0 . 1 . 2 5 2 5 5.2 5 5 .2 5 5 .0 Hand s-ipona ddr pr act ess ice 1for 0 . 1t he 0 . 1CCNP .25 2 2 Tr5oubleshoot 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5ing .0 exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. set por t cha nne l al l di st r ib ut ion in t er fa ce fa 0 / 1 { ip | m ac} [ source | de st ina t i on| bot h ] Wit h t his b ook, you can: por t gr oup 1 dist r ibu show cha nne l gr oup show e t he rcha nne l [ sum m Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w itcha hout t h le cost act ual equip ment show nne show i nt e rf aces et h er ch an Estcha ablish show nneal baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies I f you w ant t o set it up , y ou could cert ain ly con nect t he 1900 u p t o t he 290 0 or 351 2XL t o ex perim e lab. How Diagn ev er ose , band e carefu t r oublesh l w it hoot sw it act ches, u al pr such oblem as st he by XL f ollow series, ing along t hat dow it not h aut su ppor h or- p t rPAgP. ovidedI t is recom t o disab Catle aly t he st ( pr )ort OS s on andbot Cisco h ends I OS( anr )d Sof cr eat t weartehecom pormt and chaninp neluton , ou t he t put XL, sw andit ch loggin f ir stg. Nex t , cr eat e t h chann el and set t he m od e on t he Cat OS box ; t hen you can re- enable t he por t s. ( Th e r est of t his cha Useble in stTicket r u ct ors -ddoevnot elopassu ed pmrob isolat ionannel m et hods t oigur r esolv ouble et s t he Trou e tlem hat -Et her Ch is conf ed,ehTr owev er . Tick ) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Other Trunking Analy ze local and

r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, iat , encapsulat andbook mor, eb ut are im por t an t t o you if y ou are u sin g Ot h eraut t ruonknegot ing m etion, h odsaddr ar eessing bey ond t he scope ion, of t he ATM. To enable m ult iple VLANs t o u se an FDD I r in g, 8 02. 10 encapsulat ion is av ailab le. On t he r out e App ly ion a lay rou blesh oot Cat ing aly met t o r ealt ing as andy ou switcreat chineg y our VLAN, as f encapsulat t ypereed is tsde. On t he sth, odology set t he VLAN t y life pe t rou o FDDI env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

set vlanvlan# type fddi

When y ou cr eat e an FD DI VLAN, t he sw it ch ad ds 10 0, 000 t o y our VLAN num b er t o ar r iv e at a secu r associat ion ident ifier ( SAI D) . Ver ify t h e SAI D w it h t he show v la n com m and. Cat aly st sw it ch es also LANE and MPOA ATM t ru • Tablef or of Content s nk in g. •

I ndex

Ob viously VLANs are g r eat in t hat t hey assist w it h br oadcast d om ain s t o help localize t raf fic. Also, V CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing enable y ou t o u se mor e sw it ches and few er r out er s. I f n ot set up an d m an aged p rop er ly , how ev er , DonnainL.br Har rington rByesult oken net w or ks. Comm on issu es m ay in clud e incor rect VTP m odes ( van ish ing VLANs) , ad access or t r un k por t s, encapsulat ion, and STP. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Managing VLANs This sect ion f ur t her discusses t opics su ch as STP and VTP an d h ow t h ey af fect y our VLANs. For exam ple, it w asn 't t oo in sp ir ing t o lose y our VLANs ear lier , bu t it ' s bet t er t o hav e t his h appen in a lab t h an in a p r act ical env ir onm en t . Under st anding VTP is cr it ical t o you r success in su ppor t ing •VLANs. Usin gTable Content t he of def ault ofs ev er y sw it ch b eing in t he VTP ser v er m ode is chaot ic t o say t he least . •At most , on lyI ndex a f ew swit ches shou ld b e in t he VTP ser ver m ode w it h m any clien t s. Alt ern at ively, CCNP ra cti St udi shoot conf igPur e tcal hem alles:asTrtouble r anspar ening t m ode. You pr ev iou sly lear ned how t o cont r ol w hich VLANs ar e allow ed L.onHar a rington t r u nk . Now y ou will op t im ize and con t r ol VLANs w it h pr un ing. By Donna Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: NO TE1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

An ex cellent t ech not e at Cisco.com is w w w .cisco. com / w arp / pu blic/ 4 73/ 1 03. ht ml. I t is t it led " Best Pr act ices f or Cat aly st 4 000 , 50 00, and 600 0 Ser ies Swit ch Conf igur at ion and Man agement ," and t hat it is. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

STP and VLANs

Wit h t his b ook, you can: The Sp annin g Tr ee Pr ot ocol w as a t opic in Ch apt er 6. How ever , now t hat y ou h ave look ed at VLANs, go back andwr it evisit h ow w orscenar k s w itios h VLANs in tplace. inittial r elease of Sety ou u p mu an dstf ollow along h realw orSTP ld lab aligned o eachThe ex am op ic, w it h or I EEE 8 02. 1Q only specified a sin gle inst ance of STP. How ev er , Cisco's PVST st and s for Per VLAN w it hout t h e act ual equip ment STP, w hich m ean s ju st w hat it say s: small sp anning t r ees. W it h PVST+ , Cisco allow s PVST and Mon oEst Span ninga Tr ee ( MST) r egions t o intyer operat e. Betand w een PVSTn et and , t he map ping of ablish baseline and docu ment our ph ysical logical w orPVST+ k spann ing t r ees is one- t o- on e. Bet w een MST and PVST+ , t h e MST sp anning t r ee m aps t o one on ly dent t r oublesh oot ing get s using pin g,f or t r ace, owmon , clear debu g, Tr anee d ot her is t he PVST Iin t heif yPVST+ r eg ion. Thet ardefault m apping t he sh Com Sp, anning ( CST) r oub leshoot anndatuive t ilitVLAN. ies PVST tof VLAN1, w ing hicht ools is t he MST is act u ally I EEE 802 . 1s, w hich is a for m of I EEE 80 2. 1w ( RSTP) t h at som e Cat aly st s supp ort v ia t he set span t re e m ode m st an d set span t re e ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided m st ?Diagn com m ands. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Help fu l Cat OS spann in g t ree com m ands in clu de t he follow in g: Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" spa t he nt w ir e t o? sp ot n et w or k issu es show r ee Analy ze local andm rod# em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h show spa nt r ee / por t# cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, show spa nt ee v lan # essing [ a ct i v,e]encapsulat ion, and mor e aut o negot iatrion, addr show ee tsum m aroot y ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App ly aspa laynt erred rou blesh env iron ment s show spa nt r ee b lock ed port s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on spa ee st a t ist i cs Cisco(show r) I nt er netntwrork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Rev iewPrtact he ical I OSStspud anning r ee sh ow an dsy ou w it h t repet e ?. Ex am 7- 24 CCNP ies: Tr- toublesh ootcomm in g g ives anshow edg e spa ov ernni t hengcom it ion t hrple ough r ealrwev iew s t he shor t cut comm an ds f or view ing STP on t he Cat OS. When y ou do not sp ecify a VLAN, or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. t he nat iv e VLAN1 is assu med. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 7 - 2 4 . Cisco's PVST

sw2900>show spant VLAN 1 •

Table of Content s

Spanning tree • I ndexenabled CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Spanning tree type

ieee

Designated Root

00-10-ff-e5-14-00

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Designated Root Priority

32768

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Designated Cost Pages: 84 Root 0

0

Designated Root Port

1/0

Root Max Age

20 sec

Hello Time 2

sec

Forward Delay 15 sec

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Bridge ID MAC ADDR 00-10-ff-e5-14-00 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Bridge Priority Wit h t hisID b ook, you can:

32768

Bridge Max Age 20 sec Hello Time 2 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Port w it houtVlan Cost Priority Fast-Start Group-Method t h e actPort-State ual equip ment --------Est ablish ---a baseline ------------and docu ment ----y our ph -------ysical and---------logical n et w or-----------k oot ing t ar get s using , clear , debu g, an d ot her 1/1 I dent if y1 t r oublesh forwarding 19 pin g, t r ace, 32 sh ow disabled t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 2/2 1 not-connected 100 32 disabled Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m32 and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 2/3 Cat aly st 1 ( r ) OSnot-connected 100 disabled d ev elop ed p rob lem -100 isolat ion m et 32 hods tdisabled o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 2/4 Use in st1r u ct or -not-connected 2/5

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 1 not-connected 100

32

disabled

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 2/6 cabling,1 sp eednot-connected 100and collisions, 32 bdisabled and du plex , u t ilizat ion andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 2/7

aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 1 not-connected 100 32 disabled

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 2/8 env iron1ment s not-connected 100 32 disabled 2/9 ned for1aspir ing not-connected 32t his disabled Desig CCNP and CCI E( r)100 pr of essionals, ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP not-connected 100 Tr2/10 oubleshoot1ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at32 g et y disabled ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal1 ion ofnot-connected 100 32 disabled w2/11 or ld ap plicat LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP 2/12 Pr act ical 1 St udnot-connected ies: Tr oublesh oot in g100 p r ovides y ou32 w it h disabled p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sw2900>

show spant 10

VLAN 10 Spanning tree enabled •Spanning tree Tabletype of Content s • I ndex

ieee

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing00-10-ff-e5-14-09 Designated Root By Donna L. Har rington

Designated Root Priority

32768

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Designated Root Cost Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Designated Root Port

0 1/0

Pages: 84 0

Root Max Age

20 sec

Bridge ID MAC ADDR

Hello Time 2

sec

Forward Delay 15 sec

00-10-ff-e5-14-09

Bridge Hand s- onIDprPriority act ice for t he CCNP Tr32768 oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Bridge Max Age 20 sec Hello Time 2 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Wit h t his b ook, you can: Port Vlan Port-State Cost Priority Fast-Start Group-Method Set u p ---an d f ollow along w it h realw or ld lab scenar ios---------aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ------------------------------------------w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 1/1

10 forwarding 19 32 disabled Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

1/2

10 forwarding 19 32 disabled I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 2/1 10 forwarding 100 32 disabled Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided sw2900> 20 Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Catshow aly st ( rspant ) OS and VLAN Use 20 in does not st r u ct or - dexist. ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h eedr at and , u cut t ilizat ionman anddscollisions, b andw e- ain w ayt hlin Ex amcabling, ple 7- 25 sp illust es du t heplex sh ort com f or v iew ing STPidt onh,t hCSMA/ e I OS.CD, Not on e ag atk, aut negot iat ion, addrsp essing , encapsulat ion, e VLAN1 isot he default if not ecified. Only a few porand t s armor e show n in t he ou t put , but r em em ber t hat t he in t erf ace is t he act u al int er face on t he b ox and t he por t n um ber in par en t heses is t h e a lay blesh oot ing met odology t oposes. r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g w ay tApp he inlyt erf aceerwed ast rou logically calculat ed hf or STP pur env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Exa m pl e 7 - 2 5 . Cisco's PVST Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. sw3512xl#show span CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Spanning tree IEEE compatible protocol im por t ant con cep1t s is cenexecuting t ral t o t h e t rthe oubleshoot ing por t ion ofSpanning t he CCNPTree cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8480 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Current root has priority 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1400 Root port is 24, cost of root path is 19 • •

Table of Content s ndex Topology I change flag not set, detected flag not set, changes 25

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Times: By Donna L. Harhold rington1,

topology change 35, notification 2

hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Interface Fa0/1 (port 13) in Spanning tree 1 is FORWARDING Port path cost 19, Port priority 128 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Designated 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1400 t icket s b ased on root Cisco Ihas n t ernpriority et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. bridge Wit hDesignated t his b ook, you can: has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8480 Designated port is 13, path cost 19 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout message t h e act ualage equip Timers: 0,ment forward delay 0, hold 0 Est ablish and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k BPDU: senta baseline 26610, received 0 I dent if y t is r oublesh oot ing t ar get s mode using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her The port in the portfast t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g sw3512xl#show spanning-tree vlan 10 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Spanning tree 10 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree protocol " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8481 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Configured 2,, max age cabling, sphello eed andtime du plex u t ilizat ion20, and forward collisions,delay b andw15 idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Current root has priority 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1409 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Root envport iron ment is s24, cost of root path is 19 Desig ned for change aspir ing flag CCNP not and set, CCI E( r) pr of essionals, his ind isp en sab le lab15g uide b uilds on Topology detected flag tnot set, changes Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr change act ical ex35, er cises t h at g et y ou 2r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Times: hold 1, topology notification CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of2, LAN andage WAN t opforward ics. hello max 20, delay 15 CCNP Pr act ical St ud0, ies:topology Tr oublesh change oot in g p r0, ovides y ou w it h p ract Timers: hello notification 0 ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Interface Fa0/10 (port 23) in Spanning tree 10 is FORWARDING Port path cost 19, Port priority 128 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0010.ffe5.1409 • •

Table of Content s

Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8481 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Designated port is 23, path cost 19

By Donna L. Har rington

Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

BPDU: 186213, Pub Dat e: sent April 0 4, 20 03

received 0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

sw3512xl#show spanning-tree vlan 20 Spanning tree 20 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree protocol Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing address exam w it00d0.7968.8482 h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Wit h t his b ook, you can: We are the root of the spanning tree Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set, changes 9 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Times: hold 1, topology change notification 2 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y35, our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 2, max age delay I dent if yhello t r oublesh oot ing t ar20, get s forward using pin g, t r ace,15sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Show t he span ning t r ee for each VLAN on each sw it ch in y our lab t o g et com for t able w it h STP " Snif f" Look t he wback ir e t oatspEx otam n etple w or6-k 36 issu and VLANs. inest h e pr eceding chap t er t o r eview t h e STP p ort st at es in act ion, an d b e sur e t o r ev iew t he best p ract ices sect ion. Feel fr ee also t o r epeat any of t he STP Analyfrze r em in Et hern et net ks, in clud ing issues w it h exer cises omlocal t he and pr eced inot g echaccess apt er wpritoblem h you rs cur rent config urwatorion. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, o negot iatact ion, , e encapsulat ion, and moross e r ed und ant t ru nk link s, and t h er e I t is aaut comm on pr iceaddr t o dessing ist r ibut you r VLAN t r aff ic acr ar e m any w ay s t o accom plish t h at . I deally you shou ld p lan y our r oot br idges w her e y ou can a OS lay er ed span t rou blesh ingitmet r ealswitnni chinngg t re e using App t he lyCat set t re e oot pr ior y pr hi#odology [ v lan # ]t ocom m life and rou or tting h e Iand OS spa env iron ment s pr ior it y v lan # com m and and t ak e adv ant ag e of Fast or Gig abit Et herChann el. Ot her STP t uning m et hods in clud e STP p at h cost ( set span t re e por t vl an cost ) , w h ich w or ks w it h t r un ks f r om t he Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on sam e or a d iff er ent sw it ch and STP p ort pr ior it y ( set span t re e por t vl an pri ) , w h ich only w or k s Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP w it h bot h t r unk s on t h e sam e sw it ch. High er pr ior it y is g iven t o low er v alu es, su ch t hat a por t Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, pr ior it y of 20 w ould car r y t h e VLANs ov er a p art icular t r u nk because it is less t han t h e defau lt of CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal12 8. To con figu re VLAN 1 00, 102 , and 10 4 t o use t h e fa0 / 1 t ru nk un der t he t ru nk int er face, use w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. t he follow in g com m and : CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

spanning-tree vlan 100 102 104 port-priority 20 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Wher eas t he f ollowin g com m and w ould allow t he f a0/ 2 t r unk t o car ry VLAN 1 01, 103 , and 10 5: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

spanning-tree vlan 101 103 105 port-priority 20 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Wit h t he p or t cost m et hod, t he com m ands ar e as follow s: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and100 Cisco Sof t w 30 ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g spanning-tree vlan 102I OS( 104r ) cost Use in st r u ctvlan or - d ev101 elop 103 ed p rob - isolat spanning-tree 105lem cost 30ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, On one nk , foriatex amaddr ple, essing y ou cou ld set t h is ion, com m andmor f oreall y our ev en VLANs an d on an ot her autt orunegot ion, , encapsulat and t r un k, y ou could set t his f or all y our od d VLANs t o h elp shar e t he load b et w een t h e t r unk s. This incr eases hpu y an of fer s fau lt t oler ance forlife it ; rou if one t h e swit t r unk s fgails, t he ot her App lyt hra oug lay er edt tcapacit rou blesh ootding met h odology t o r ealt ingofand chin han dles t he t rafsfic. envall iron ment Cer t ainly by aspir n ow ying ou CCNP ar e com forCCI t abE( le r)witprhofCat OS an d It his OS ind diffisp erences, such t he bf act t hat Desig ned, for and essionals, en sab le lab as g uide uilds on any t hin g t hat st ar t s w it h spa nni ngt re e is I OS, w hereas t h e Cat OS equiv alen t is set span t re e . Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ITrf oubleshoot not , u se t he h elp ( ?) on b ot h plat for m s and all t he Cat OS/ I OS com man d t ables in Par t I I I of ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, tCCNP his b ook, " Supp or t in g Et her net , Sw it ches, and VLANs, " t o w ork you r w ay t hr oug h an yt hing. Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh (VTP) oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e VLAN Trunking Protocol im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

VTP is a Cisco pr opr iet ar y Lay er 2 m u lt icast m essag ing pr ot ocol t hat can m ak e VLAN adm inist r at ion easy or p ut you in a st at e of m iser y depend ing on how y ou look at it . You g ot a t ast e of t h at in t he chap t er scenar io w it h bot h sw it ch es bein g in t h e ser v er mod e. VTP enables y ou t o cr eat e a VLAN and hav e it p rop agat e t o ot her sw it ches w it hin t he sam e dom ain. VTP t r ansm it s m essages accor d in g t o t h e VTP m ode. Fr om a p ract ical sense, VTP is w hat saves y ou and m e f rom going t o each and ev er y sw it ch t o cr eat e VLANs. See Table 7 - 4 f or VTP operat in g m odes. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

NO TE

Pub lish er: Cisco VTP h as notPress h ing

t o d o w it h en cap su lat ion or t r unk ing; it is a comm un icat ion s pr ot ocol infor m at ion acr oss a com m on m anagem en t d omain . VTP m essag es arIeSBN: encapsulat 1- 58 720 -0 ed 57 -0in side of a t r un king p rot ocol f r am e su ch as I SL or 8 02. 1Q.

t o Dat dist ut0e4,VLAN Pub e: rib April 20 03 Pages: 84 0

Tab le 7 -4 . VTP M ode s

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. V TP Mod e D e scri pt i on St or ag e Wit h t his b ook, you can: Serv er [ * ] Just as it soun ds, it sou rces and list en s for VTP m essages. NVRAM. Cr eat e, m odify , an d d elet e VLANs wit h in a m anagem en t ain. along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Set u p andom d f ollow w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Tr anspar ent Does not sour ce or list en for VTP m essages b ut d oes NVRAM. at e tand hosedocu of nment eigh bor swph it ches. eat e, m od ifnyet, wand Est ablish pr a opag baseline y our ysicalCrand logical or k delet e VLANs, bu t t h ey are locally sig nificant t o t he sw it ch . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Client [ * ] Pr ocesses an d list ens f or VTP m essag es. Cannot creat e, I nf orm at ion is not t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies m odify , or delet e VLANs. st or ed in NVRAM. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g [*]

When VTP clients or ser vers r eceiv e a m essage w ith the VTP multicast addr ess of 01000ccccccc and a SNAP valuein ofsthex they pr ocess it accor to rion evision mber s. Use r u ct2003, or - d ev elop ed p rob lemding - isolat m etnuhods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Assig n a Cat based chntet o waor VTP dom " Snif f" tOShe w ir e t osw spitot k issu esain u sin g t he follow ing com man d: set v t p d om a in v t pnam e. ( I t is cAsE sEnSiTiVe) . This can help d ivide a lar ge n et w or k int o smaller m anagem ent dom ains. com mand andr em on ot ane Iaccess OS- based sw it ch v thern p d om a i nwvor t pnam in ting h e VLAN atitabase AnalyTh zee local pr oblem s inis Et et net ks, ineclud issuesd w h m ode.cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

NO TE

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on I fr)you t he Trou dombleshoot ain n amin e gon( CI onT) e of it ches o som hingt he d ifCCNP fer en t an d Cisco( I nt chan er netge w ork t opt he ics sw t hat p r eptare y ouetfor creat e VLAN30 on each sw it ch, VLAN30 is VLAN3 0 r egar dless of t he VTP nam e.onThis Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges t heisj ob, t r ue b ecause t h e VTP d omain nam e is n ot in t he fr am e, only t he n um ber . Rem em b er r ealCCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough t he t yp e of fr am e her e is Et h er n et , and t he p rot ocols ar e I P an d VTP. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Now y ou m ig ht be say in g t o y our self , " I hav e VLANs but I am n ot u sin g VTP. " Well, I guess t hat is y our d ecision t o r un arou nd and creat e t he sam e VLAN on ev er y sw it ch or d o ev er y t hing in t he t r anspar ent mod e because you w or r y about losin g you r VLANs. For small net w ork s, t h at act ually is a pr et t y good appr oach. On t he ot h er hand, t he lar ger y our n et wor k , t h e m ore r at ion al y ou hav e t o be w it h aut om at ing VLAN pr opag at ion b y using VTP. This g et s int o a design issue, qu est ioning h ow far VLANs should spr aw l acr oss t he t op olog y. Cisco now concur s t hat f lat t er is not necessar ily b et t er , so a giv en VLAN should not need t o exist in v ery m an y sw it ches. I n t his chapt er , I h ope y ou are ex per ien cing t h e t hing s t hat m any p eop le t en d t o ex perience fir st on liv e • Table of Content s net w or ks. Obv iously , t h at is n ot t h e best t im e t o lear n VTP. •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

NO TE

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Rou t er s d o not par t icipat e in VTP, so t h ey ig nor e VTP m essag es and discar d t hem at I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 t he rou t er int erf ace. Only t r un k- enab led adj acen t sw it ch es in t h e ser v er or client m ode Pages: 84 0 act ually pay at t en t ion t o VTP messag es.

VTP ad van t ages ar e as f ollow s: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. VLAN con sist ency t hr ou ghout a man agement dom ain Wit h t his b ook, you can: Less m anual con figu rat ion f or creat ing an d d elet ing VLANs, bu t y ou st ill need t o associat e t he por t s at each device Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Mor e cont anual d secur it ment y t hr oug h a VTP d omain nam e an d passw or ds w it hout t hreolact equip Lim it s t h eaex t ent of VTP essage Est ablish baseline and m docu mentpryopagat our ph ion ysical and logical n et w or k Tak e Iadent f ew ifm es andoot com t hes using VTP header Figur 7- ,6 clear t o Table 7 -g, 5. an d ot her y in t r ut oublesh ingpar t areget pin g, tin r ace, sheow , debu t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Figu r et w 7 ar - 6e. com Snm if and f in ginpVTP Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu [ View es full size im age] Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w orTab k Tr oub in g ( H CI ea T) tde opics. le 7leshoot -5 . VTP r Wit h t his b ook, you can: SN A P0 0 0 0 0 C w itAAA h realaligned or I SL Set u p an d f ollow 8 0 2along . 3 LLC A0w 3 or ld lab scenar ios V TP 2 0 0 3 t o each ex am t op ic, w it h CRC w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 26 by t es 14 3 5 4 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if yly t rdisplay oublesh get s Con using g, t r ace, sh owLink , clear , debu an,dSNAP, ot her and VTP Snif fer clear s oot t heing Datt aarLink t r olpin ( DLC) , Logical Cont r ol ( g, LLC) t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies header s. I f y ou w ant t o capt ur e t his on y our ow n, r em emb er t o t u r n p ort m onit or ing on for t h e t r un k and out p ut t he dat a t o host a, w her e t he p r ot ocol analy zer is ru nning . Mak e sur e t hat VTP Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided debu g ev en t s ar e on and w ait f or t he next VTP log m essage t o app ear on t h e console befor e y ou Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g st op Sniff er as in Ex am ple 7- 26. I t is also helpfu l t o mak e sur e t h at y ou hav e t he cor r ect t ime and t h at logg in g and debug t im e st am ps ar e t u rn ed on. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Exa m pl e 7 - 2 6 . M oni t or i ng VTP M e ssag es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e sw3512XL(config)#service timestamps debug datetime localtime msec App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s sw3512XL(config)#service timestamps log datetime localtime msec Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on sw3512XL(config)#end Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, sw3512XL#clear counters CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. sw3512XL#clear log CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e sw3512xl#debug sw-vlan vtp events im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

vtp events debugging is on sw3512xl#configure terminal sw3512xl(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1 sw3512xl(config-if)#port monitor fastethernet 0/11 •

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sw3512xl(config-if)#end • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

sw3512xl#show port monitor By Donna L. Har rington

Monitor Port

Port Being Monitored

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 ---------------------

---------------------

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

FastEthernet0/1 Pages: 84 0

FastEthernet0/11

sw3512xl#show log Syslog logging: enabled (0 messages dropped, 0 flushes, 0 overruns) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Console logging: level debugging, 332 messages logged t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Monitor logging: level debugging, 0 messages logged Wit h t his b ook, you can: Trap logging: level informational, 67 message lines logged Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or File logging: disabled w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Buffer debugging, messages logged Est ablishlogging: a baselinelevel and docu ment y our332 ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y (4096 t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Log Buffer bytes): t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ARENT MODE (nc = false) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I packet OS( r ) Sof t w ar e comon m and inp ut , ou t put-, and loggin g VTP LOG RUNTIME: Relaying received trunk Fa0/11 UseTRANSPARENT in st r u ct or - d evMODE elop ed p rob - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s in (nc = lem false) ...

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sw3512xl#show vlan brief cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e VLAN Name Status Ports App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ---- env ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------iron ment s 1 default active t his Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Fa0/6, Fa0/7, on Fa0/8, Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et Fa0/5, y ou r eady f or challenges t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealFa0/9, Fa0/10, Gi0/1, Gi0/2 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 10 active CCNP vlan10 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

20

vlan20

active

1002 fddi-default

active

1003 token-ring-default

active

1004 fddinet-default

active

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1005 trnet-default

Fa0/12, Fa0/12

active

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

VTPPub m lish essag er: Cisco es alw Press ay s t r av el over t h e defau lt VLAN. Figur e 7- 6 is an ex amp le of a VTP su m mar y adv Pub ert isem t . 0Refer Dat e: en April 4, 20 03t o Table 7 - 5 f or VTP header inf orm at ion and Table 7 - 6 f or VTP message t y pes. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

The Su m mar y Pan e and DLC h ead er of Figur e 7- 6 sh ow t he d est inat ion MAC add r ess of 01 000 CCCCCCC. LLC u ses AA t o ind icat e t hat t he SNAP header follow s. The SNAP header includes Cisco as a v en dor / OUI w it h a t y pe of 2 003 for VTP. The VTP header includes such fields as t h e pr ot ocol v er sion, a m essage t y pe of 0 x0 1 for t h e sum m ary ad ver t isem ent , t he m anagem ent dom ain size and nam e, an y padd ing, t he conf ig ur at ion rev ision nu mb er , t h e Hand pr act t he CCNP Treoubleshoot inganexam TCP/ I P, value. LAN, an d W AN t r ouble up datseronident it yice I Pfor addr ess, a t im st amp , and MD5 wditighest hash t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Tab le 7 -6 . VTP M e ssa ge Typ es

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Me ssa ge D e scri pt i on Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Sum m ar y I ssu ed by ser ver s and client s ev er y 5 min ut es. adv ert isem I dent if yent tr soublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her highan er dr ev ision t r oub leshoot ing Itfools u t ilit ies num b er , t h e r eceiving sw it ch issues an adv er t isem ent r eq uest f or t he n ew VLAN in for m at ion. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Fields in clu de vr )erSof sion, t y epe, n um ber inp of subn ett put adv, ert isem en t g m essages, Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( t w ar com m and ut , ou and loggin dom ain nam e lengt h , m anaged dom ain nam e, con figu rat ion r evision , uppdat er id- isolat en t it y, athods e t im et ostr esolv amp , eand MD 5 Tick d igest Use in st r u ct or - dnu ev mb elopered rob lem ionupd m et Tr ouble et s. Sub set ges " Snif f" t he w ir e It ssu o sped ot du n etewt oorchan k issu es such as cr eat ing, su spending , act ivat in g, r enam ing, adv ert isem en t s or chan ging t he MTU of a VLAN. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h On edu orplex m or, eu tadv er ion t isem entcollisions, s depending on how y VLANs. cabling, sp eed and ilizat and b andw idt h, man CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, autisem o negot addrdev essing morneum ber, it ask s for it . Adv ert en t iat ion, When ice ,hencapsulat ear s of h ig ion, her rand ev ision r eq uest s App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g VTP env j oiniron messag mentes s For pr un in g. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP The com m and show v t p st a t i st i cs is used t o t r ack VTP act ivit y , as y ou can v erif y in Ex am ple 7Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 27 . You can com par e t h e st at ist ics t o t he VTP m essage t yp es in Table 7 - 6 t o see how m any of CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealeach m essage t yp e hav e been sent . Keep an ey e on t he " Nu m ber of config digest er r ors" ; unless w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. y ou h ave ot her t r ansm it - t y pe err or s, it is a good ind icat ion t hat someone is t r ying t o hack in and corr u ptPrtact hings. CCNP ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Rev ision num b er s ar e cr it ical in t h e VTP serv er m ode, bu t not u sed in t he t r anspar ent m ode. They r ang e fr om 0 t o 2, 147 , 483, 6 48. The set v t p d om a in n am e com m and is a q uick w ay t o r eset t he count er t o 0 w it hout hav ing t o m ak e t oo m any chang es. Rem em b er t his w h en y ou are add in g new sw it ch es in t o y our env ir onm ent . The sam e v ersion of VTP is needed t hr ough out t he m anag em ent dom ain. VTP ver sion 2 includes such fun ct ion alit y as Tok en Ring an d v ar ious consist en cy ch eck s. You can t ur n on ver sion 2 w it h t he set v t p v 2 en ab le com m and and v er ify it w it h show v t p dom ai n. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Exa m pl e 7 - 2 7 . VTP St a t i st ics on I O S By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03? sw3512xl>show vtp I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

counters Pages: 84 0 VTP statistics status

VTP domain status

VTP LOG RUNTIME: Relaying packet received on trunk Fa0/11 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble in TRANSPARENT MODE (nc = false) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. sw3512xl>show vtp counters Wit h t his b ook, you can: VTP statistics: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Summary advertisements received : 8 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Subset advertisements received : 1ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our I dentadvertisements if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using: pin Request received 0 g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Summary advertisements transmitted : 1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Catadvertisements aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w:ar1e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Subset transmitted Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop transmitted ed p rob lem - isolat Request advertisements : 0ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Number of config revision errors : 0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Number of config digest errors : 0 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Number of V1 summary errors : 0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g VTP pruning statistics: env iron ment s Trunk Transmitted Join Received Desig ned for aspir ingJoin CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his indSummary isp en sabadvts le lab greceived uide b uildsfrom on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou non-pruning-capable r eady f or challenges on device t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal------------------------------w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.---------------- --------------------------Fa0/11 1 oublesh oot in g p r ovides 0 0 inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr y ou w it h p ract ical im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sw3512xl>show vtp status VTP Version

: 2

Configuration Revision

: 0

•Maximum VLANs Tablesupported of Content s locally : 254 • I ndex CCNP P ra cti St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Number ofcalexisting VLANs

: 7

By Donna L. Har rington

VTP Operating Mode Pub lish er: Cisco Press

: Transparent

VTP Domain Name

: donna

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 VTP Pruning Mode

: Disabled

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Pages: 84 0

VTP V2 Mode

: Disabled

VTP Traps Generation

: Disabled

MD5 : 0x5Fing 0xFF 0xAC 0x1B Handdigest s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam w it h0x3D TCP/ I0xF9 P, LAN, an d0x60 W AN 0x4B t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Configuration last modified by 192.168.5.18 at 12-5-02 03:25:47 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or it hout act ualt equip ment Ex amw ple 7- 27t hdeisp lays he I OS VTP comm an ds, and Ex am ple 7- 28 illust r at es t he sam e f or Cat OS. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

Exa m pl eleshoot 7 - 2 8ing . VTP t r oub t ools St ana d tui tst ilitics ies on Cat OS

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g sw2900>show vtp ? Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Show vtp commands: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sp eed and du plex Show , u t ilizat iondomain and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, show cabling, vtp domain VTP information aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e show vtp help Show this message App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s show vtp statistics Show VTP statistics Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, sw2900> show CCNP Pr act ical vtp St uddomain ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Domain Name Domain Index VTP Version Local Mode Password CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e -------------------------------------------------------------im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP----------cer t ificat ion, includ in g

donna

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Vlan-count Max-vlan-storage Config Revision Notifications ---------- ---------------- --------------- ------------6

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Pruning

PruneEligible on Vlans

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

--------------By Donna L. Har rington -------- -------- ------------------------0.0.0.0

disabled disabled 2-1000

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 vtp statistics sw2900> show

VTP statistics: summary advts received

0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble subset advts received 0 leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub request received Wit h t his badvts ook, you can:

0

summary advts transmitted 255 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e transmitted act ual equip ment subset advts 1 Est ablish and docu ment request advtsa baseline transmitted 0 y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her No ofI dent config revision errors 0 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies No of config digest errors 0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g VTP pruning statistics: Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Trunk Join Transmitted Join Received Summary advts received from " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es non-pruning-capable device Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ---------------------------------cabling,---------------sp eed and du plex , u------------t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 1/1 0 0 0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I ple nt er7net orkt pu Trou bleshoot g ( lay CI T) ics tthe hat290 p r ep aret he y oulabforis t ahenonCCNP The Ex am 28wou t ends w it h in d isp ingt op t hat 0 in pr uning - capable Tr oubleshoot ing yexam . Fullt oofprpr er cises y ou r eady f or challenges t he j ob, dev ice. Ju st like ou need unact e yical ourex plan t s ast ht hateyg getrow , you should pr u ne y ouronVLANs, t oo. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

VTP CCNP Pruning Pr act ical St ud ies:

Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Br idges and sw it ch es are in her en t ly desig ned t o flood m ult icast or b road cast fr am es as w ell as fr am es t hat t hey d on't k now w h at t o do wit h . Wit h VLANs, how ev er , y ou can m inim ize t his flood in g in m or e w ay s t han one. For ex amp le, b ack in t h e " Tr unk ing " sect ion, y ou rest r ict ed VLANs f r om crossing a t r un k w it h t he Cat OS cle ar t r unk v lan # com m and and t he sw i t chpor t t ru nk a l low ed or re m ove com m and on I OS sw it ch es. You can also conf igur e VTP pr unin g so t hat unless a f ram e n eeds t o cr oss a t r un k t o g et t o a sw it ch belong in g t o t h e sam e VLAN, it d oesn' t . Th is is kin d of lik e t hr ow ing a b rid ge int o VTP. • Table of Content s Use t he f ollow ing Cat OS com man ds f or pr un ing: •

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setL. vHar t prington p run ing By Donna

e na ble

cle ar v t p pru ne el ig ibl e v lan ran ge

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat v e:t April 0 4, 20 set p p run ee03li gi ble v lan ran ge I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

sh v t p84dom a in ( t o check pr unin g r esult s) Pages: 0

NO TE

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icketThe s b ased on VLANs Cisco I nart ern et wprorun k ingTr oub leshootAs in gpr( eviou CI T) tsly opics. d ef ault e not eligible. m ent ioned, GVRP is t he I EEE st andar d w ay of pr un ing. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or I h ave m ent ioned qu it e a b it of inf orm at ion on VLANs. Tak e a f ew m in ut es t o rev iew som e of t h e w it hout t h e act ual equip ment m ost im por t ant comm an ds back in Table 7 - 1 an d t hr ough out t he chap t er befor e y ou con t inue. You mEst ayablish also find it helpfuand l t o docu rev iew Table 7, ysical Cat alyst an d InOS a baseline ment y our6 -ph andOS logical et wcom or k m and s, and com man ds f rom t he q uick t r oublesh oot ing check list s fr om t h e pr eceding chap t er , t oo. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I n su mm arleshoot y , t her eing ar teools t hr ee eps f or w or kin g VLANs: t r oub anm d ain u t ilitsties Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 1 . Defin e and creat e a VTP d omain: Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g set p rduom nam e ed ( upp rob t o 3lem 2 char act ers, cAsE sEnSiTiVe) Use vint st ct ora-in d ev elop - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s show p dom " Snif f" vt the w ir e ai t onsp ot n et w or k issu es On ly tze ru nk - connect ed ot sweitaccess ch es lear t he VTP dom ain, nless se ting h eyissues w er e w already Analy local and r em pr n oblem s in Et hern et unet w orof ks,cour in clud it h conf ig ur ed w it h anot h er VTP dom ain. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e DTP inclu des t he VTP dom ain nam e in t he t r un k negot iat ion , so t w o d iff er ent dom ain n am es App w ill ly nota tlay r unk er ed . t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Set t h e m ode t o ser v er , t r ansp arent , or client . How ev er, t he d omain nam e is not r eq uired if Desigin ned for aspir t r anspar ening t m CCNP ode. and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr2oubleshoot exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, . Cr eat e ting he VLAN. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ap plicateion ofs LAN 3 . ldAssociat p ort w it hand t h e WAN VLAN.t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im port ht ant s st cen t ralt hteo rt eq h euirem t r oubleshoot t ion of t he CCNP t ificat in ge Now at ycon ou cep undter and ent s f or ing int rpor a- VLAN con nect iv it y cer , I w an t tion, o spinclud en d som

t im e w it h how y ou can u se r ou t er s t o enable y ou t o com m unicat e f rom one VLAN t o an ot her .

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Inter-VLAN Routing Ther e ar e t hr ee dif ferent w ay s t o p er f orm int er- VLAN r out in g. I f y ou h ave t he lux ur y of an 85 00 or 12 000 GSR, assign ing an in div id ual p ort t o each VLAN is an op t imal solu t ion. I f not , you can t ru nk bet w een a sw it ch and a Fast Et her net r out er int er face b y t ak in g adv ant age of sub int er faces. •Alt ern at ively ,Table of Content RSMs on Cats500 0/ 55 00 or MSFCs on Cat 6000 / 65 00 w ork j ust fine. This means you ar •insert in g a r out I ndex er on a car d in t o a Cat aly st slot in w hich y ou session in t o t h e m odule nu m ber. My la CCNP St udi ouble ing har dwP ra arcti e cal lends it es: selfTrm ore shoot t owar d t he rou t er - on - a- st ick ap pr oach . I f you ar e u sing on e of t he ot h er m Donna et hods, h owev er , you can find some gr eat exam ples at Cisco. com . By L. Har rington Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Router Stick Pub Dat e:on Aprila0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Figur ePages: 7- 7 illust 84 0 r at es t he rou t er - on - a- st ick scen ario in w h ich r 3 look s lik e a lollipop com ing of f of t h sw it ch . The " st ick " is t h e phy sical in t erf ace on t he r out er act ing as a t r unk f or t h e int er- VLAN com mu nicat ion s. The m ain fa0 / 2 in t er f ace on t h e r out er is div ided in t o logical sub int erf aces t o f acili r out ing bet w een VLANs. Wit hout t he sub int er faces, on e ph ysical int er face w ould be n ecessar y for ea VLAN, w h ich w or ks gr eat bu t cert ain ly does not scale w ell. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, youFigu can: r e

7 - 7 . Cha pte r 7 Sce na r io ( Rout er on a St i ck )

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Use Figur e 77 as a gu o con figu reintghep rI ovides P p ar amet all sw it ches, r oution er s,onand at t his CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies:ideTrtoublesh oot y ouerwsit for h p ract ical inf or mat all VLANs the t impor e ( tas t ing Extam 7- 29) . Also e defau lt gCCNP at ew ay all ion, t h e includ swit ches im anty ou consee cepst t sarcen t ralin t o h e ple t r oubleshoot ingset port thion of t he cerftor ificat in g t o t he

r out ed int erf ace for VLAN1.

Exa m pl e 7 - 2 9 . Rou t e r - on - a- St ick Sw it ch Con f igu r at ion

sw3512xl#no debug all s • Table of Content •

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All debugging hasing been turned off CCNP possible P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot By Donna L. Har rington

sw3512xl#configure terminal Pub lish er: Cisco Press sw3512xl(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.5.30 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 sw3512xl(config)#interface fastethernet 0/10 Pages: 84 0

sw3512xl(config-if)#switchport mode trunk sw3512xl(config-if)#end Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. sw2900> (enable) set ip route ? Wit h t his b ook, you can: Usage: set ip route [metric][primary] and gateway IPlab alias or address in ex am t op ic, w it h or Set(destination u p an d f ollow along w it h real-are w or ld scenar iosIP aligned t o each w it hout t h e act ual equip ment dot notation: a.b.c.d) Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k sw2900> (enable) set ip route 0.0.0.0 192.168.5.30 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Routet r oub added. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Now t h at t h e sw it ch es ar e conf igur ed t o sup por t t h e r out er- on- a- st ick con figu rat ion , config ur e t he r as in "Ex amf"ple Snif t he7-w30. ir e Th t o ese sp otsub n etinwt er orfkaces issuar ese t h e defau lt gat ew ay s y ou p r ev iously con figu r ed for you host s. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Exa m 7 - 3iat 0 ion, . Rou t eessing r - on ,- encapsulat a- St ick rion, 3 Con guer at i on autpl o enegot addr and fi mor App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r3(config)#interface fastethernet 2/0.1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot vlan1 in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r3(config-subif)#description Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh 192.168.5.30 oot in g g ives y ou255.255.255.240 an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr3(config-subif)#ip address w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Configuring IP routing on a LAN subinterface is only allowed if that CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

subinterface is already configured as part of an IEEE 802.10 or ISL vLAN. r3(config-subif)#encap isl 1 r3(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.5.30 255.255.255.240

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r3(config-subif)#interface fastethernet 2/0.10 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r3(config-subif)#description vlan 10 By Donna L. Har rington

r3(config-subif)#encap isl 10 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r3(config-subif)#ip Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 address 192.168.5.46 255.255.255.240 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r3(config)#interface fastethernet 2/0.20 r3(config-subif)#description vlan 20 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP r3(config-subif)#encap isl Tr 20oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r3(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.5.62 255.255.255.240 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r3(config-subif)#interface fastethernet 2/0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r3(config-if)#no shut and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline r3(config-if)#end I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r3#show ipstinterface briefI OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly ( r ) OS and Cisco Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop IP-Address ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t oStatus r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface OK? Method " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp otunassigned n et w or k issu es Serial0/0

YES unset

Protocol

administratively down down

... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, mor e administratively down down Serial1/7 unassigned YESand unset App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g FastEthernet2/0 unassigned YES unset up env iron ment s

up

FastEthernet2/0.1 192.168.5.30 YES manual up up Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP FastEthernet2/0.10 192.168.5.46 YES manual up up Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealFastEthernet2/0.20 192.168.5.62 YES manual up up w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r3#copy running-config startup-config CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

The in it ial sh aded out pu t j ust m eans t hat y ou need t o conf ig ur e t he I SL encapsulat ion befor e conf ig t he I P addr ess. Alt houg h n ot r equir ed, I t hink it is easier t o t rou blesh oot lat er if t he VLAN nu m ber a subin t er f ace n um ber m at ch as in t he exam ple. Not e h ow I b rou ght all t h e subint er faces up simu lt aneously by per for m ing a no sh ut on t h e m ain int er f ace. t o assig n t he IsP ad dr esses on r1 and r 2 as in Ex am ple 7- 31. Th en show t he VLANs on r •Don 't for get Table of Content on a st ick in act ion . •see t he r out er I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Exa m pl e 7 - 3 1 . I P Ad dr esses f or r 1 a nd r 2 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 r1(config)#interface ethernet 0 Pages: 84 0

r1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.34 255.255.255.240 r1(config-if)#no shut r1(config-if)#interface serial 1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.5 255.255.255.252 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-if)#no shut Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1(config-if)#end w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1#copy running-config startup-config Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2(config)#interface ethernet 0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.50 255.255.255.240 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r2(config-if)#no shutCisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly st ( r ) OS and r2(config-if)#interface serial 0 - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem r2(config-if)#ip 192.168.5.9 " Snif f" t he w ir e address t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 255.255.255.252 r2(config-if)#no Analy ze local and shut r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r2(config-if)#interface aut o negot iat ion, addr essing serial , encapsulat 1 ion, and mor e App ly a lay er edaddress t rou blesh192.168.5.6 oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r2(config-if)#ip 255.255.255.252 env iron ment s r2(config-if)#no shut Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r2(config-if)#end Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2#copy running-config startup-config w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2#show ip interface brief CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

Ethernet0

192.168.5.50

YES manual up

up

Serial0

192.168.5.9

YES manual up

up

Serial1

192.168.5.6

YES manual up

up

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

192.168.5.34

YES manual up

up

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Serial0

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Serial1

192.168.5.5

YES manual up

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r1#show ip interface brief CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Interface

By Donna L. Har rington

Ethernet0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Ethernet1 Pub Dat e:

April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

up

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tUse icket s bshow ased on I nmt ern w orr3k Tr leshoot g (32 CI T) t he v laCisco n com andeton asoub in Ex am plein7t o vt opics. er if y you r r out er - on- a- st ick scenar io at t im e. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pluep 7 . Vealong r if yi ng e VLAN Con fi gu r at i on on t he ex Rout eric,on St i ck Set an- d3 f2ollow w it ht h realw or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each am t op w itah or ( r 3 ) w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dentvlan if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r3>show t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Virtual LAN ID: 1 (Inter Switch Link Encapsulation) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g vLAN Trunk Interface: FastEthernet2/0.1 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Protocols Configured: Address: Received: Transmitted: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es IP 192.168.5.30 89 73 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Virtual LAN sp ID: 10 (Inter Link cabling, eed and du plex , Switch u t ilizat ion and Encapsulation) collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e vLAN Trunk Interface: FastEthernet2/0.10 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Protocols Configured: Address: Received: Transmitted: env iron ment s Desig ned for IP aspir ing CCNP and 192.168.5.46 CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en0sab le lab g uide b uilds on 0 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam of pr Switch act ical exLink er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Virtual LANing ID: 20. Full (Inter Encapsulation) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or vLAN ld ap plicat ionInterface: of LAN and WAN t op ics. Trunk FastEthernet2/0.20 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oubleshAddress: oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h Received: p ract ical inf or mat ionTransmitted: on all t h e Protocols Configured: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

IP

192.168.5.62

0

0

All add r esses sh ould be assig ned at t his p oint . Su bnet 192 .1 68. 5. 0 w as used acr oss t he ser ial link s get 192 .1 68. 5. 4 / 30 and 19 2. 168 .5 . 8/ 30 . Just rem em b er t hat you per for m ed v ar iable- leng t h su bnet m asking ( VLSM) on subn et 0, so it can' t b e dir ect ly assigned som ew her e else. • Table of Content s •

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Now t h at y ou hav e creat ed t he VTP dom ain, set u p y our VLANs, associat ed t hem w it h t he cor rect p o CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing conf ig ur ed t h e r out er on a st ick, and assign ed y our I P addr esses, per for m a lit t le t est ing . St ar t y our By Donna L.om Har rington t est in g fr host a, wh ich is on VLAN1, and w or k you r w ay out w ar d as in Ex am ple 7- 33. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ExaPub mDat ple:e April 7 - 30 4,3 20 . Test i ng t h e Rou t e r -on -a - St ick Con fi gur a t i on fr om host a 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

C:\>remark can hosta ping the gateway? C:\>ping 192.168.5.30 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Pinging 192.168.5.30 with 32 bytes of data: t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Reply from 192.168.5.30: bytes=32 timeping 192.168.5.49 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Pinging 192.168.5.49 with 32 bytes of data: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Request timed w it hout t h e out. act ual equip ment ReplyEstfrom bytes=32 ablish192.168.5.49: a baseline and docu ment ytimetracert 192.168.5.49

Tracing route to HOSTB [192.168.5.49] Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

over a maximum of 30 hops: I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

1 2

Pages: 84 0

show frame-relay lmi Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h LMI Statistics cabling, sp eed for andinterface du plex , u t ilizat Serial1 ion and (Frame collisions, Relay b andw DTE)idtLMI h, CSMA/ TYPE CD, = CISCO on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Invalid Unnumbered info 0 Invalid Prot Disc 0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env irondummy ment s Call Ref 0 Invalid Invalid Msg Type 0 Desig ned forStatus aspir ingMessage CCNP and t his ind isp en sab0le lab g uide b uilds on Invalid 0 CCI E( r) pr of essionals, Invalid Lock Shift Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . FullID of 0pr act ical ex er cisesInvalid t h at g et Report y ou r eady challenges on t he j ob, Invalid Information IEf or Len 0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Invalid Report Request 0 Invalid Keep IE Len 0 CCNP act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh y ouStatus w it h p ract icalRcvd inf or mat ion on all t h e Num PrStatus Enq. Sent 4403 oot in g p r ovides Num msgs 4403 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Num Update Status Rcvd 0

Num Status Timeouts 0

r1>

The f ir st shaded display • Tablelin ofeContent s s t he st at ist ics for t he s1 in t erf ace t hat is configu r ed as Fr ame Relay DT LMI t y pe of Cisco, w hich is t he def ault conf igur at ion for a Fram e Relay in t er f ace. Th e next t o t he las • I ndex line ind icat es t h e st at us inq uir ies CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ingan d is eq ual t o t he m essag es receiv ed, w hich m ean s LMI is wor k in Keep an eye on t h e last line f or an increasing num ber of t im eout s w it h in t h e keepaliv e int erv al, w hi By Donna L. Har rington lead t o fau lt y equipm ent or circuit issues. ThePub de lish bug er: fCisco ra mPress e - re la y lm i sh ows t he r out er r equest ing DLCI s fr om t h e fr am e sw it ch and t h e loca sw itPub ch Dat r esp w it e: onding April 0 4, 20 03h new PVCs, d elet ed PVCs, and t he in t eg r it y of t he ex ist ing PVCs. St at us inq ui go fr om t h e1-r 58 out er-0t57 o -0 t he f ram e sw it ch, w h ich in t ur n replies w it h u p- t o- d at e PVC and DLCI inf orm a I SBN: 720 back tPages: o Figur e 86 f or a mom ent . I f all is well, t h e local fr am e swit ch for r1 shou ld r et ur n DLCI 100 84 0 bot h as act iv e in t hat par t icu lar ex am ple. This p r ocess is dy nam ic like ARP is in t he LAN, so y ou ar e t o som et hing t h at d oes n ot ex ist . Howev er, t hings are not alw ay s nor m al w h en t he rou t er receiv es L inf orm at ion. See Table 8 - 2 f or p ossible PVC st at es. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Tab le 8 -2 . PVC St at es

PVC D e scri pt i on St a t Set e u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Act ive The p r ovider 's net w ork b eliev es t hat t he PVC is configu r ed and oper at ional fr om edge t o w it a hin t he cloud . The r em ot eyrour out er confand ig ur ed t o mnatetch. Est ablish baseline and docu ment ph is ysical logical w or k I nactI ive conn ect ayget bes fusing ine bupin t t he her end is, nclear ot w ,ordebu kin g.g,Per it has n ot b een dent if yLocal t r oublesh ootion ingmt ar g, ot t r ace, sh ow anhaps d ot her y et , eit h er on t he r out er or w it h in t h e pr ov id er clou d. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Delet ed The D LCI t hat t he r out er is r epor t ing t o t he f ram e sw it ch h as no validat in g en t ry in t h e Diagn ose andTht reoublesh u ale pr oblem s by f ollow along w ithhave autbeen h or- pdelet r ovided t able. DLCI s oot mayact hav been r ever sed or t hing e PVC m ay ed . Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use t he f ollow ing com man ds t o check t he LMI st at us: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es show f ralocal m e - and r e la ryem lmoti e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy ze cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, show f ra miat e -ion, r e laaddr y pvessing c aut o negot , encapsulat ion, and mor e show e rf App ly ai nt lay eraces ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s I ssu e a show i nt e rf aces s0 t o check t he LMI t y pe. Cisco sup por t s t he follow in g LMI t y pes: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco LMI t y pe uses DLCI 10 23 as it s d at a p at h. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPANSI Pr act T1. ical6St ies: TrDoublesh oot in g g ives an aedg e h. ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal17udAnnex LMI uses DLCI 0 asy itou s dat pat w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. I TU- T Q. 93 3 An nex A u ses DLCI 0 as it s d at a p at h. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im con cep t s cen ru t ral h e rteserv r oubleshoot t ion3.ofNor t hemCCNP cerDLCI t ificat g t he s Notpor e tthant at LMI t y pically nst oovt er ed DLCIing0 por or 102 ally t he s ion, assiginclud ned f in r om

pr ov ider ar e in t he r ange of 16 t o 1 007 . You can easily r em em ber t h at if y ou w er e 16 y ears old w he y our d riv er' s license an d if y ou are a Jam es Bond fan . What if y ou n eed t o conf igur e t h e LMI t o b e somet hin g ot her t han t he Cisco default ? The ser vice pr o t his d ecision in t he real w or ld, b ut in t h e pr iv at e w orld y ou can cert ain ly do w h at y ou w ant . Ref er b 8- 3 if y ou need t o r ev iew y our lab set u p ag ain. Con figu re r1 f or ANSI LMI , and w at ch t h e keepaliv e line pr ot ocol g oes dow n as in Ex am ple 8- 16. •

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Exa m pl e 8 - 1 6 . Con f igu r in g a n d Te st in g ANSI LM I CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: frame-relay Cisco Press r1#debug lmi Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Frame I SBN: Relay is on 1- 58LMI 720 -0debugging 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Displaying all Frame Relay LMI data r1#configure terminal r1(config)#interface s1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type ansi Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-if)#end Dec 10 Serial1(out): myseq yourseen 0, ex DTE Set09:09:29.553: u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w orStEnq, ld lab scenar ios1, aligned t o each am up t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 10 09:09:29.557: datagramstart = 0xE3F544, datagramsize = 14 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 10 09:09:29.557: FR encap = 0x00010308 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools00an75 d u 95 t ilit ies Dec 10 09:09:29.557: 01 01 01 03 02 01 00 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 10 09:09:29.565: Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Dec 10 09:09:29.785: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 10 09:09:39.553: Serial1(out): StEnq, myseq 2, yourseen 0, DTE up " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Dec 10 09:09:39.557: datagramstart = 0xE3F544, datagramsize = 14 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Dec 10 09:09:39.557: FR encap = 0x00010308 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 10 75oot 95ing01met 01h odology 00 03 02 App09:09:39.561: ly a lay er ed t rou00 blesh t o r02 eal-00 life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Dec 10 09:09:39.565: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1# Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Dec 09:09:49.553: StEnq, 3,ovyourseen DTE CCNP10 Pr act ical St ud ies: TrSerial1(out): oublesh oot in g g ives y ou myseq an edg e er t he com0, pet it ion up t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 10 09:09:49.557: datagramstart = 0xE3F544, datagramsize = 14 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Dec 09:09:49.557: FRt oencap = 0x00010308 im por10 t ant con cep t s cen t ral t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 10 09:09:49.557: 00 75 95 01 01 00 03 02 03 00 Dec 10 09:09:49.565: Dec 10 09:09:59.553: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Interface Serial1 - DLCI 104 state changed t Dec 10 09:09:59.585: Serial1(out): StEnq, myseq 1, yourseen 0, DTE down •

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•Dec 10 09:09:59.589: I ndex datagramstart = 0xE3F544, datagramsize = 14 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 10 L.09:09:59.589: FR encap = 0x00010308 By Donna Har rington DecPub 10 09:09:59.593: 00 75 95 01 01 00 03 02 01 00 lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Dec 10 09:09:59.597: I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 Dec 10 09:10:00.553: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, chang

state to down r1#show frame-relay map Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1#show frame-relay t icket s b ased on Cisco I npvc t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h Statistics PVC t his b ook, you for can: interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DTE) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Now set s1 on t he f ram e sw it ch t o be ANSI LMI , an d cont in ue t o w at ch t h e k eepaliv e act iv it y on r 1 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Ex am ple 8- 17. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Exa m pl e 8 - 1 7 . Con f igu r in g t he Fr am e Sw it ch for AN SI LM I

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem frame-switch(config)#interface s1- isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es lmi-type ansi frame-switch(config-if)#frame-relay Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h frame-switch(config-if)#end cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion,running-config addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e frame-switch#copy startup-config App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g !!!status inquiry from r1 to the frame switch env iron ment s Dec Serial1(out): myseq 126, yourseen 1, gDTE Desig10 ned09:30:49.553: for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) prStEnq, of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab uide down b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 10 09:30:49.557: datagramstart = cises 0xE3F544, = 14 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er t h at g etdatagramsize y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec FR encap = ics. 0x00010308 w or ld10 ap09:30:49.557: plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op Dec 09:30:49.561: 75 95 01 03 y02 CCNP10 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr00 oublesh oot01 in g01 p r ovides ou 7E w it h01 p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

!!!keepalive reply from the frameswitch to r1 (full status update) Dec 10 09:30:49.597: Serial1(in): Status, myseq 126 Dec 10 09:30:49.597: RT IE 1, length 1, type 0 Dec 10 09:30:49.601: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 2 , myseq 126 •

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Dec 10 09:30:49.601: PVC IE 0x7 , length 0x3 , dlci 104, status 0x2 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

!!!status inquiry from r1 to the frame switch By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 10 09:30:59.581: Serial1(out): StEnq, myseq 127, yourseen 2, DTE up Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 10Dat09:30:59.581: datagramstart = 0xE3F544, datagramsize = 14 e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 10 09:30:59.585: FR encap = 0x00010308 Pages: 84 0

Dec 10 09:30:59.585: 00 75 95 01 01 01 03 02 7F 02 !!!keepalive reply from the frameswitch to r1 Hand s- on09:30:59.601: pr act ice for t heSerial1(in): CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it127 h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 10 Status, myseq t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 10 09:30:59.605: RT IE 1, length 1, type 1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 10 09:30:59.605: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 3 , myseq 127 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 10 09:31:00.553: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, chang w it hout t h e act ual equip ment state to up a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish !!!status from r1t ar togetthe frame switch I dent if yinquiry t r oublesh oot ing s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 10 09:31:09.553: Serial1(out): StEnq, myseq 128, yourseen 3, DTE up Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 10 datagramstart =ar0xE3F544, = 14loggin g Cat09:31:09.557: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w e com m anddatagramsize inp ut , ou t put , and Use09:31:09.557: in st r u ct or - d ev elop p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 10 FR ed encap = 0x00010308 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp00 ot n75 et w95 or k01 issu Dec 10 09:31:09.561: 01es 01 03 02 80 03 Analy ze local and from r em otthe e access pr oblem s in hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h !!!keepalive reply frameswitch toEtr1 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 09:31:09.577: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor128 e Dec 10 Serial1(in): Status, myseq App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 10 09:31:09.577: RT IE 1, length 1, type 1 env iron ment s Dec 10 09:31:09.577: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 4 , myseq 128 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP !!!status inquiry from r1 to the frame switch Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec 10 09:31:19.553: Serial1(out): StEnq, myseq 129, yourseen 4, DTE up w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 09:31:19.557: 0xE3F544, 14ion on all t h e CCNP10 Pr act ical St ud ies: Trdatagramstart oublesh oot in g p r=ovides y ou w itdatagramsize h p ract ical inf or=mat im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 10 09:31:19.557: FR encap = 0x00010308 Dec 10 09:31:19.561: 00 75 95 01 01 01 03 02 81 04 !!!keepalive reply from the frameswitch to r1 Dec 10 09:31:19.577: Serial1(in): Status, myseq 129 •

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Dec 10 09:31:19.577: RT IE 1, length 1, type 1 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 10 09:31:19.577: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 5 , myseq 129 By Donna L. Har rington

!!!status inquiry from r1 to the frame switch Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 10Dat09:31:29.553: Serial1(out): StEnq, myseq 130, yourseen 5, DTE up e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 10 09:31:29.557: datagramstart = 0xE3F544, datagramsize = 14 Pages: 84 0

Dec 10 09:31:29.557: FR encap = 0x00010308 Dec 10 09:31:29.561: 00 75 95 01 01 01 03 02 82 05 Hand s- on pr act ice for tfrom he CCNP oubleshoot ing to exam !!!keepalive reply theTrframeswitch r1 w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 10 09:31:29.577: Serial1(in): Status, myseq 130 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 10 09:31:29.577: RT IE 1, length 1, type 1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 10 09:31:29.577: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 6 , myseq 130 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment !!!status inquiry fromand r1docu to ment the frame Est ablish a baseline y our phswitch ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 10 09:31:39.553: yourseen up I dent if y t r oublesh ootSerial1(out): ing t ar get s usingStEnq, pin g, t rmyseq ace, sh131, ow , clear , debu g,6,anDTE d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 10 09:31:39.557: datagramstart = 0xE3F544, datagramsize = 14 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 10 FR encap 0x00010308 Cat09:31:39.557: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r = ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use09:31:39.561: in st r u ct or - d ev elop isolat et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 10 00 ed 75p rob 95 lem 01 -01 00ion 03m02 83 06 " Snif f" t he reply w ir e t ofrom sp ot nthe et w or k issu es !!!keepalive frameswitch to r1 (full status update) Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in myseq Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Dec 10 09:31:39.577: Serial1(in): Status, 131 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 09:31:39.581: o negot iat ion, addr , encapsulat ion, and 0mor e Dec 10 RTessing IE 1, length 1, type App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 10 09:31:39.581: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 7 , myseq 131 env iron ment s Dec 10 09:31:39.585: PVC IE 0x7 , length 0x3 , dlci 104, status 0x2 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 10 09:31:39.585: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Interface Serial1 - DLCI 104 state changed t Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr1#show frame-relay map w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Serial1 (up): 192.168.5.6 dlci dynamic, CCNP Pr act ical Stip ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p104(0x68,0x1880), r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

broadcast,, status defined, active r1#undebug all

The ou t pu t ofTable de bug f ra m e - re la y lm i is quit e h elpf ul t o show t he LMI st at us r equ est sent out by t h • of Content s indicat ed by ( ou t ) on t he in t erf ace. Likew ise, t he ( in) on t he int er face ind icat es t h e LMI r eceiv ed fr o • I ndex sw it ch . Also, t yp e 0 is a f ull LMI st at us messag e t hat includes such dat a as t he D LCI , t he st at us, t h e CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing any t raf fic- shaping t y pe of in for m at ion. Th e st at us cor respon ds t o t he act iv e, in act iv e, and delet ed s By Donna L. Har DLCI s. For exrington am ple, 0x 0 is inact ive, 0x 2 is act ive, an d 0 x4 is d elet ed. Wat ch out for 0x 4 ( t he delet e The D LCI s m ay b e r ev ersed or t he PVC m ay hav e act ually b een delet ed. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

NowPub t hDat at e: t hApril e DLCI is03act ive, v iew t he LMI st at ist ics, clear t he in t erf ace cou nt er s so t hat old st at ist ic 0 4, 20 y our wIay lat er , and pin g t h e ot her end of t h e PVC as in Ex am ple 8- 18. SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 8 - 1 8 . Vi ew in g t he LM I St at ist ics

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1#show frame-relay lmi t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. LMI Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DTE) LMI TYPE = ANSI Wit h t his b ook, you can: Invalid Unnumbered info 0 Invalid Prot Disc 0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Invalid Ref ment 0 Invalid Msg Type 0 w it houtdummy t h e actCall ual equip Invalid Status Message 0 Shift 0k Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph Invalid ysical andLock logical n et w or I dent if yInformation t r oublesh oot ing t r ace, shReport ow , clearIE , debu Invalid ID t0ar get s using pin g,Invalid Len g,0 an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Invalid Report Request 0 Invalid Keep IE Len 0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided aly st ( r )Enq. OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com and inp ut , ou t Rcvd put , and loggin g NumCat Status Sent 9675 NummStatus msgs 9549 in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed 0p rob lem - isolat ionNum m et Status hods t o rTimeouts esolv e Tr ouble NumUse Update Status Rcvd 127 Tick et s r1#

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1#clear counters s1 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Clear "show interface" counters on this interface [confirm] App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1#ping 192.168.5.6 env iron ment s Type escape sequence to and abort. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Sending 5, ing 100-byte ICMP toex192.168.5.6, isf or 2 challenges seconds: on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot exam . Full of Echos pr act ical er cises t h at g ettimeout y ou r eady CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal!!!!! w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Success rate isud100 percent CCNP Pr act ical St ies: Tr oublesh (5/5), oot in g p rround-trip ovides y ou wmin/avg/max it h p ract ical inf=or56/58/60 mat ion on ms all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Ex am ples 8- 1 6 an d 8- 1 7 illust r at e w hat it is lik e t o hav e a local LMI m ism at ch, but how t he r em ot e PVC can u se a dif ferent LMI fr om t he local end. You p rov ed t hat t he f ram e sw it ch can han dle m ult ip ju st in case it is connect ed t o somet hin g ot her t han a Cisco device. How ev er, t he sam e dat a lin k or bet w een t h e local rou t er and t he f r am e sw it ch m ust u se t he sam e LMI . Use t he show f ra m e - r e la y com man d t o f in d LMI m ismat ch es. Wh en y ou are send in g and not receiv ing, for in st an ce, it is k in d •t alk in g Eng lish Table of tContent s per son t alk ing Fr ench w hen n eit h er of you hap pen t o be bilin gual. W a and he ot her •incr ease in stI at ndex us t im eout s as highligh t ed in t he pr eceding exam ple. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Frame Relay Addressing Fram e Relay Layer 2 add r esses are D LCI s. I m ent ioned pr eviously t h at t h e WAN D LCI s ar e analgou s t o t he LAN MACs. ARP is t h e m et h od I discu ssed for m app ing I P t o MAC in t he LAN chapt er s and RARP is j ust t he opp osit e of m ap ping MAC t o I P. Fr am e uses I n ver se ARP. Rout ers •learn r emot eTable of Content I P addr esses st o m ap t o local DLCI s via I nv er se ARP or st at ic m ap st at em ent s as •illust rat ed in I Figur ndex e 8- 9 . Use t he p ict u re and st ep s cov er ed in t he n ex t sect ion t o assist you w it h ra cti cal ing St udi Tr ouble shoot tCCNP r oubPleshoot Fres: ame Relay I ning ver se ARP issues. By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Figu r e 8 - 9 . I n ve r se ARP

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

[ View full size im age]

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Inverse ARP As y ou hav e w it nessed in t h e de bug l m i com m ands, ab out once a m inu t e or ev er y six k eepaliv es a r out er r equest s a f ull st at u s r espon se fr om a Fr am e Relay net w or k w it h act iv e DLCI s. This is t he sig naling or LMI bet w een t he local r out er an d t he local Fram e Relay sw it ch. The r ou t er t hen send s an I n ver se ARP ou t on each PVC. The r em ot e r out ers respond w it h t heir r espect iv e I P add resses. The orig in al r out er t h en m aps t h e I P ad dr esses t o t h e r ig ht DLCI s. •Under st anding Table of is Content s t o any one t r oub leshoot ing Fr ame Relay net w ork s. Follow along w it h t h is cr it ical •t he st eps in Figur I ndex e 8- 9 : CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

1 . Aft er t he Phy sical Lay er is up, t he r out er sends a st at us in quir y t o t he local f ram e sw it ch. The d ef ault keepalive act iv it y bet w een t h e r out er and t h e sw it ch is occu rr ing ever y 10 Pub lish er: Cisco Press second s. Ev er y six t h poll ( 60 secon ds) , t he rou t er r eq uest s a f ull st at us. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58f720 -0 57 sw -0 it ch replies w it h a st at us upd at e m essage t o t he r out er ev ery 1 0 seconds 2 . The local r ame wPages: it h a 84 f ull 0 up dat e includ ing DLCI infor m at ion ev er y 60 second s, sp ecifically, ev ery six t h LMI inqu iry .

3 . Now t h at t h e local r out er k now s abou t a PVC t hr ough an act ive D LCI , it can send it s I P add ress t o t he ot h er en d. This is an I nv er se ARP pack et . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 4 . The r em ot r out erI nktnow sw wor hich DLCI itinr g eceiv ed ttopics. he addr ess on an d set s u p a t icket s b ased one Cisco ern et k Trlocal oub leshoot ( CI T) corr espond in g map . I t is im por t an t t o not e t h at t h e local r out er uses it s ow n DLCI , w hich ay bnot t h ecan: same as t he r em ot e r out er is using . Wit h tmhis ook,beyou 5 . Keep aliv e ( LMI ) act ivit y con t inues t o occur by d ef ault ev er y 1 0 seconds b et ween t he r out er Set ut hp ean and local d f ollow fr am along e swit ch w itw h itrealh a fu w or ll st ld at lab us scenar m essag ios e ever aligned y 60t osecond each ex s. am Thist op dyic, nam w itich or nat w it hout u r e en t hsu e res act ual t h atequip an y ment chang es ar e account ed f or as t hey occur . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

NO TE

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( ry)our OS kand Cisco I OS( t w arunt e com m and inp ut , ou putar , and loggin Decrease eep aliv e act ivitry) Sof by one il t hey st abilize if ytou e hav ing t rgouble w it h flapp in g lin ks. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es See t he p rev ious ex amp les f or show f ra m e - r e la y m ap ou t pu t , bu t Ex am ple 8- 19 an d 8- 2 0 Analy ze ple local emcom ot emaccess oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks,I nv in clud issues wyit.h display a cou of and debur g ands t pr hat can assist you capt u re t he erseing ARP act ivit cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Exa m pllye a8lay - 1er 9 ed . I tnv se oot ARP a ndh odology de bugt of rrealamlife e - rrou el tay ve nt App rouer blesh ing met ing eand switschin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1#debug events Cisco( r) I ntframe-relay er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Frame isin on CCNP PrRelay act ical events St ud ies:debugging Tr oublesh oot g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1#configure terminal CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral r1(config)#interface s1t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config-if)#shut r1(config-if)#no shut 01:48:12: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up 01:48:13: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, • •

Table of Content s

changedI ndex state to up

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har%FR-5-DLCICHANGE: 01:48:22: rington Interface Serial1 - DLCI 104 state changed to ACTIVE

01:48:23: Serial1: FR ARP input Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

01:48:23: datagramstart = 0xE3B384, datagramsize = 30 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 01:48:23: FR encap = 0x18810300

01:48:23: 80 00 00 00 08 06 00 0F 08 00 02 04 00 08 00 00 01:48:23: C0 A8 05 06 18 C1 00 00 00 00 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 01:48:23: Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-if)#end r1#ping 192.168.5.6 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or it hout t hsequence e act ual equip ment Type wescape to abort. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.6, timeout is 2 seconds: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her !!!!!t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max ms Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w = it h56/58/60 aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1#undebug all Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es and r em oterse e access pr oblem netup w or clud ingAltissues it h Ex amAnaly ple 8-ze 19local sh ows t he I nv ARP act ivit y ws hinenEtyhern ou breting anks, in tinerf ace. h oughwnot du plex t ilizat ion andpar collisions, b andw h, tCSMA/ CD, on w ay lin k, r ecomcabling, m en dedspineed a prand act ical env, iruonm ent , com e t he pr ev ious idt ev en s r eceived t o et he de bug o ay negot iat ion, encapsulat fr am eaut - r el pack e t ouaddr t pu essing t in Ex ,am ple 8- 20.ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa m pl e 8 - 2 0 . I nv er se ARP a nd de bug f r am e p ack e t

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1#debug CCNP Pr actframe-relay ical St ud ies: Trpacket oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Frame Relay packet debugging is on CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1#configure terminal im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config)#interface s1 r1(config-if)#shut r1(config-if)#no shut 01:49:46: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up •

Table of Content s

• I ndex 01:49:47: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

changed state By Donna L. Har rington

to up

01:49:56: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Interface Serial1 - DLCI 104 state changed to ACTIVE Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

01:49:56: Serial1(o): dlci 104(0x1881), pkt encaps 0x0300 0x8000 0x0000 0x806 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 datagramsize 0 (ARP), 30

01:49:56: FR: Sending INARP Request on interface Serial1 dlci 104 for link 7(IP) 01:49:56: broadcast dequeue Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 01:49:56: dlci 104(0x1881), t icket s b asedSerial1(o):Pkt on Cisco I n t ern etsent w or k on Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 0x300 Wit h pkt t his bencaps ook, you can:

0x8000 0x0

0x806 (ARP), datagramsize 30

01:50:03: Serial1(i): dlci 104(0x1881), Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 0x0000 0x806 (ARP), datagramsize 30 pkt encaps 0x0300 0x8000 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y ourreceived ph ysical and logical n et w or k 01:50:03: Serial1: frame relay INARP I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 01:50:03: FR: Sending INARP Reply on interface Serial1 dlci 104 for link 7(IP) t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config-if)#end Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1#ping 192.168.5.6 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Type escape sequence to abort. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.6, timeout is 2 seconds: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h !!!!!cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/64/64 ms App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1# env iron ment s Desig ned forSerial1(o): aspir ing CCNP and 104(0x1881), CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his 0x800(IP), ind isp en sab ledatagramsize lab g uide b uilds on 01:50:37: dlci pkt type 104 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshootSerial1(i): ing exam . Fulldlci of pr 104(0x1881), act ical ex er cisespkt t h attype g et y 0x800, ou r eadydatagramsize f or challenges on 01:50:37: 104t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 01:50:37: Serial1(o): dlci 104(0x1881), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104 CCNP ... Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

01:50:38: Serial1(i): dlci 104(0x1881), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104 r1#undebug all

The de bug f ra m e ofpa ck e t scom m and is excellent t o wat ch t h e I n ver se ARP act iv it y for • Table Content un derst an ding. On t he ot h er hand , like an y debu g pack et com m and, it is n ot t oo for giv ing in t he • I ndex pr odu ct ion env iron m en t. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By L. Har rington AsDonna y ou can see, com m ands

su ch as show i nt e rf aces, show fra m e - re la y l m i , show f ra m ere l ay p vc, show f ra m e- re la y m ap , show f ra m e - r el a y rout e , d ebu g fra m e- re la y l m i , de bug f ra e - re la y ev e nt s, an d de bug f ra m e pa ck e t ar e q uit e benef icial in t r oub leshoot ing Pub lish er:m Cisco Press Fram e Dat Relay . How m03 an y t imes h ave you m ade a t y po on an I P ad dr ess or D LCI assignm ent ? Pub e: April 0 4, 20 Mist ak es cer1-t 58 ainly st57 and I SBN: 720 -0 -0 out w it h t hese com m ands, especially if y ou q uickly com par e t h em t o show i p i nt e rf ace br ie f. So far on t h e end- u ser side of t h e fr am e y ou h ave been using I nv erse Pages: 84 0 ARP for t he Lay er 2- t o- Lay er 3 m app ing. Now I w ant t o t ur n y our at t ent ion t o u sin g st at ic m aps.

Static Map Statements Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble St at icsmb ap st at ent s Iin Fr ame Relay disab le I nvin ergse( CI ARP. You can t hink of t his like y our t icket ased onem Cisco n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot T) t opics. r out ing pr ot ocols hav ing a higher ad min ist r at iv e dist ance t han y our st at ic r ou t es and t he lat t er tWit ak ing h t his pr ecedence. b ook, you Act can: ually, rou t ing pr ot ocols ar e a g ood t op ic t o d iscuss w it h Fram e Relay an d I cover t h em in t h e " Shoot in g Tr oub le w it h Fr am e Relay" sect ion. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish NO TE a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I denteif Relay y t r oublesh ing tt ar get s using g, t r ace, , clear , debu g, st ankdey otwor herd w it h Fram is an oot NBMA ech nology , sopin r emem ber sh t o ow use t he br oad ca t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies st at ic m aps so t hat t he Layer 3 r out ing up dat es get for w ar ded. I t allow s b road cast s and m ult icast s over t he PVC and in ef fect t u rn s t he b r oadcast int o a un icast t o send it Diagn r oublesh oot act al pr oblem by f es. ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided out so ose t h atand t h e t ot her side get s tuhe r out ing uspdat Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Wit h I nv er se ARP, t he show f ra m e - r e la y m ap com m and display s not only dy nam ic f or t h e " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es m et hod of lear ning ab out t he m ap, b ut also br oadcast . How ever , t h is is not t he d ef ault w h en y ou defin eAnaly you rze owlocal n st at ic m ap ot steataccess em en t s. and r em pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Now I wan t y ou t o t ur n of f I nv er se ARP and use st at ic m appin gs f or you r hu b- and - spok e aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e t opolog y fr om r 2 t o r 1 and r 3 as in Ex am ple 8- 21. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa m pl e 8 - 2 1 . St at ic M a p St a t e m en t s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trs1 oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr1(config)#interface w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.5.6 ? CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g DLCI

r1(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.5.6 104 ?

• •

broadcast

Broadcasts should be forwarded to this address

cisco

Use CISCO Encapsulation

compress ietf

Table of Content s I ndex

Enable TCP/IP and RTP/IP header compression Use RFC1490/RFC2427 Encapsulation

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington nocompress

payload-compression Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Do not compress TCP/IP headers Use payload compression

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

rtp I SBN:

1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

tcp

RTP header compression parameters TCP header compression parameters

r1(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.5.6 104 broadcast Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(config-if)#end Wit h t his brunning-config ook, you can: r1#copy startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r3(config)#interface s0/0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r3(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.5.5 108 broadcast I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r3(config-if)#end t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r3#copy running-config Diagn ose and t r oubleshstartup-config oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" tthhe w ir w or k sissu Con figu ring e st ateict omsp apotstnatetem ent au es t omat ically t ur n ed off I n ver se ARP as Ex am ple 8- 22 illust rat es. Ver if y t h at r 3 can p in g t he add r ess m app ed t o DLCI 108 . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Exa m pl e 8 - 2 2 . Vi ew in g t he St a t i c M a p Conf i gur a t i ons

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1#show map and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned frame-relay for aspir ing CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Serial1 (up): ip 192.168.5.6 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr actdlci ical ex104(0x68,0x1880), er cises t h at g et y ou rstatic, eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealdefined, active w or ld ap plicat ionbroadcast,CISCO, of LAN and WAN t opstatus ics. r3#show CCNP Pr act frame-relay ical St ud ies: Tr map oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0/0 (up): ip 192.168.5.5 dlci 108(0x6C,0x18C0), static, broadcast,CISCO, status defined, active r3#ping 192.168.5.5 Type escape sequence to abort. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds: CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

!!!!!

By Donna L. Har rington

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/58/60 ms Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE I nv er se ARP is enabled b y defau lt , bu t t u rn ed of f aut om at ically w h en y ou put in a st at ic Handm s-ap on st prat act ice t heselect CCNP Trerse oubleshoot exam w it hpTCP/ I P, LAN, W ANing t r ouble em entfor . To I nv ARP foring a par t icular rot ocol, u se t an he df ollow t icketint s berased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. face conf ig ur at ion com m and : fr am e - r el ay inv e rse- ar p pr ot ocol dlci# . Th is is not necessar y on a poin t - t o- point subin t er f ace. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Ot h er opt ions t hat ar e av ailable w hile conf ig ur ing st at ic m ap st at em ent s includ e com p ression , w it hout t h e act ual equip ment and f rom a supp or t st and point w hat you ar e doing on one end b et t er m at ch w hat you ar e doin g on t heEst otablish her. An ex amp le and of t he com m and is fr e - r el ay logical m a p ipn 1et9w2or . 1k6 8 . 5 .6 1 0 4 b roa dcast a baseline docu ment y our pham ysical and pa y loa d- com pre ss pa ck e t - by- pa ck e t . Feel fr ee t o ex perim ent w it h com pr ession w it h Fr am e Relay,I dent but ifr em ber t ooot rem f rom you pin r config ur at ions ore y, ou cont e on wit h Fr ame y t rem oublesh ingove t ar itget s using g, t r ace, sh owbef , clear debu g, inu an d ot her Relayt rat t he Phy sical Lay er . oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Frame Relay at the Physical Layer Alt hou gh Fr am e Relay is a Lay er 2 t echnolog y, it obv iously depend s on Lay er 1, t oo. How about t hin gs such as clock ing, cab les, cont r oller s, an d chan nel ser v ice unit s/ dat a ser v ice u nit s ( CSUs/ DSUs) ? These are all t hing s y ou t ake f or gr ant ed , bu t cannot f org et in t he sup por t w or ld. •Alt hou gh in lab Table of Content scenar ios ysou use back - t o- back ser ial cables w it h one end w ir ed t o be a phy sical •DTE and t h e Iot ndex her end t o be a p hy sical D CE, t his w or ks a lit t le dif ferent ly in t h e pr act ical w orld. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

The r ou tL.erHar may direct ly connect t o t he Fr am e Sw it ch or t o a CSU/ DSU t hat connect s t o t he f ram e By Donna rington sw it ch . The CSU/ D SU is lik e a mod em in m any respect s. I t conv er t s t he V. 35 or EI A/ TI A- 44 9 signals t o a p rop er ly coded t r ansmission sign al necessary by t h e local ex chang e car r ier ( LEC) Pub lish er: Cisco Press local cir cuit . You r eceiv e you r clock ( t iming ) f r om t he p r ovider in pr act ical applicat ion, in st ead of Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 y ouPub u sin g t he clock r at e st at em ent on y our DCE end of t he cable. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

I n t hisPages: sect ion 84 0 I concent r at e m or e on su ppor t ing t h e hub - and- sp oke t op ology using subin t er f aces because t hat is pr obab ly t he m ost com m on applicat ion of Fr am e Relay.

Topologies Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tAs icket s b ased on book Ciscos Idniscuss, t ern et wt her or k eTraroub leshoot int g CI T) m any d esign e basically h r(ee p hyt opics. sical ap pr oach es or t opologies y ou can adopt in Fr am e Relay: hub - and - sp oke ( st ar ) , par t ial m esh, and fu ll m esh ( or som e hy br id Wit h t his b ook, you can: t her eof) . Which one y ou pick r eally boils d own y our redu ndan cy n eeds and you r pock et book . Scalab ilit y , Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or m anageabilit y , and opt im izat ion alw ays seem t o f ind t heir w ay int o t he g oals of any int er net w or k w it hout t h e act ual equip ment design. Fr am e Relay is no ex cep t ion. For ex amp le, you nor m ally don' t see t he max im um n um ber of DLCI configu ed on anand in div id ual ser ial porph t . ysical I nst ead 200 t o 300 h ek nor m al m axim um , an d Estsablish a rbaseline docu ment y our and logical n etisw tor m or e lik e 5 0 or less is m or e r ealist ic. Take in t o consider at ion t h ings such as w hat r out ing pr ot ocols e u sin g,oot y our outget er sCPU capacit PVC speeds, t he , sp eed g, ofan you I dentyifou y tar r oublesh ing rt ar using pin g,y,t r ace, sh ow , clear debu d rotlines, her com prt ression, y ouring CI R, andanbu in gies capab ilit ies. oub leshoot t ools d rustt ilit A h uban d- ose spokand e t op y is oot nor m e econom ant wPVCs sound e a g ood Diagn t r olog oublesh actally u al mor pr oblem s by ical. f ollowRed ingund along it h aut h or- plik r ovided t hin g.Cat How ever , y ou pay f or each PVC, an d alt houg h in m any cases t hat is mor e econom ical t han aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g leased lin es, y ou should use t h e appr opr iat e t op ology and get t he ap pr opr iat e SLA fr om t h e pr ov ider r eq My lem f ocus is r eally othods on d tesign heree Tr but r at her Use for in styou r u ctr or - duirem ev elopent eds.p rob - isolat ion mnet o r esolv ouble Tickon et ssupp ort in g t he diff er ent t y pes of Fr am e Relay int er faces t hat y ou m ay r un acr oss in t h e WAN. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es I nt er faces t hat su ppor t Fr am e Relay ar e m ult ipoint and n on- NBMA b y defau lt . As y ou hav e Analy ze local em e access hernupd et at net or e ks,brin clud ingorissues w it h in learn ed in you r r outand ing rst udot ies, how evpr er oblem , m an ys in rouEtt ing esw ar oadcast m u lt icast eed and du plex , u tbor ilizat iont hand collisions, andw CSMA/ CD, e- w ayf or lin k, nat u r cabling, e. I f y ou sp hav em ult iple neigh s off e same mu lt ipboint inidt t erfh,ace, t here is on a need autroeplicat negotion iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and e r out ing f or each PVC. This is a b ig issue on tmor he WAN w it h NBMA t echnologies. Ther ef or e it is im por t ant f or you t o get lot s of hand s- on ex perience w it h Fr am e Relay ov er bot h App ly and a lay er ed rou bleshsubin oot ing h odology t o r ealrou t ing and swit chin g m ult ipoint poin t - ttopoint t er met f aces an d a v ariet y oflife r out ing p rot ocols. env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Subinterfaces Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP- tPr Point o-act point ical su Stbint ud ies: er faces Tr oublesh should oot be in u g sed g ives in tyhe ou m anajor edg it ye of ov er cases t he rcom egarpet dless it ionoft hr pr ough ot ocolr ealw or ld ap plicat because pack et ion s receiv of LAN edand on on WAN e int t op erfics. ace can b e for w ar ded out an ot her . This w ay , a sing le ph ysical int er face w or ks lik e sev er al logical int er faces. I lik e t o t hink of each point - t o- point CCNP ies: oot in g ped r ovides w itPoint h p ract infsubint or mat er ionfaces on all e e t heir subin t Pr er fact aceical as St if ud it w er eTrmoublesh y ow n dedicat leasedy ou line. - t o-ical point r eqt huir im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ ow n su bnet lik e leased lines, but ar e not su bject t o t he sp lit - h or izon issu es of Fr am e Relayin g

r unn ing on m ain or m ult ipoin t int er faces. Point - t o- p oin t in t er f aces d on't need m ap st at ement s. I nst ead in t er f ace D LCI s ar e assigned, b ecause each su bint er face is a separ at e PVC. Mu lt ip oin t sub int erf aces do not r esolv e split - h orizon issu es, b ut t hey can sav e I P add r ess space because a sing le su bnet is used . They ar e m or e applicable t o mesh t opologies, w hereas p oin t - t opoint subin t er f aces ar e m or e app licable t o hub - and - sp oke t opologies. Defin e a sub in t erf ace in int er face conf igur at ion m ode using t h e follow ing ex am ple: in t er fa ce of Content s ser ia l0 .1 [ mTable ul t ipoi nt | poi nt - t o- poi nt ] . Th e shor t cu t in t er fa ce s0 . 1 p cr eat es a poin t - t o•point subin t er I ndex f ace for s0. The shor t cut in t er fa ce s0 . 1 m cr eat es a m ult ipoin t subin t er f ace for CCNP cal St udi Tr ouble s0. ThP ra e cti docum entes: at ion for shoot 12. 1 ing code and lat er st at es t hat t her e is no defau lt as f ar as m ult ipoin t orDonna By p oin t L. - t oHar poin rington t . How ev er , a ser ial phy sical in t erf ace is in f act m ult ipoin t f or Fram e Relay . •

I t isPub t im e f or som e m ore p r act ical ap plicat ion of all t h is. I w ant y ou t o con figu re su bint er faces t o lish er: Cisco Press shoot som e t r ou ble for you rself. Th en I w ill r eview som e comm on issu es wit h r out in g p rot ocols Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 ov er Fr am e Relay, par t icularly r egar ding it s NBMA nat u re. Use t he sam e r out er s y ou h ave been I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 w or king w it h in t he chap t er scenar ios t hu s far . Config ur e r 3 as t he f ram e sw it ch an d t he r est of Pages: t he rou t er s 84 in 0a hub - and- spok e t op olog y using r 1 as t he h ub at t h e HQ sit e. HQ should be ab le t o com mu nicat e w it h all rem ot e locat ions using Fr ame Relay mu lt ip oint su bint er faces. All rem ot e locat ions ( DC and VA) sh ould be ab le t o com mu nicat e w it h HQ u sing m ult ipoin t sub in t erf aces ov er net w ork 192. 1 68. 8. 0/ 24. Th e ser v ice pr ovider p rov ides all clocking . Use r2 and r 4 as t he spok es or t he r em ot e locat ion s. Dr aw a diagr am as in Figur e 8- 1 0 f or y our lab and u se it t o shoot t r oub les for as you go along. Hand s-any on pr act ice t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Figu r e 8 - 1 0 . M u lt ipoin t Su bin t e r f ace Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. First , rPr ew ireical accor ding he m ultoot ipoin in t er f aces io inical Figur e 81 0. en all conf CCNP act St ud ies: t oTrtoublesh in gt sub p r ovides y ou scen w it h ar p ract inf or mat ionThon t hig e ur e tim hepor fr am e swit ch, t and ( HQ) and sp okes C an VA)CCNP . Comcer par e y our lt s tin o gt he t ant con cep s cent hen t ral ttohet hheub t r oubleshoot ing por(t D ion of dt he t ificat ion,r esu includ

exam ples st ar t ing in Ex am ple 8- 23.

NO TE Mak e sur e y ou p ut descr ipt ions on y our in t erf aces an d passw or ds on y our d ev ices t o Content s enable tTable elnet ofaccess. Using t he log gin g sy nchron ous com m and is a g ood pr act ice, • I ndex t oo. I sav ed you a f ew st eps by elim inat ing t hese fr om som e of t h e pr ev ious CCNP conf P ra ctiigcal es:j Tr ouble shoot ing ur St atudi ions ust b ecause t h is is a lab. How ev er, bad habit s are h ar d t o br eak. By Donna AlwL.ays Hardo rington t h is in a pr act ical en vir onm ent t o assist y ou w it h t r oub leshoot ing . I sav ed m y config ur at ion t o a file nam ed r 3 as fr am e sw it ch for m u lt ipoint scenar io if y ou pr efer t olish past e it in t o r 1' s config ur at ion m od e inst ead of t y ping . Pub er: Cisco Press •

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 8 - 2 3 . Fr am e Sw i t ch Conf ig ur a t i on

Router(config)#hostname frame-switch Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. frame-switch(config)#frame-relay switching Wit h t his b ook, you can: frame-switch(config)#interface s0/0 frame-switch(config-if)#description r3s0/0 to HQ Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment frame-switch(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k frame-switch(config-if)#clock rate 64000 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies frame-switch(config-if)#encap frame Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow frame-switch(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dceing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g frame-switch(config-if)#frame route 102 interface s0/1 101 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s frame-switch(config-if)#frame route 104 interface s0/2 101 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es frame-switch(config-if)#no shut Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, frame-switch(config-if)#interface s0/1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e frame-switch(config-if)#description r3s0/1 tto DC life rou t ing and swit chin g App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology o r ealenv iron ment s frame-switch(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on frame-switch(config-if)#clock 64000 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot inrate g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, frame-switch(config-if)#encap CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh ootframe in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. frame-switch(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e frame-switch(config-if)#frame route 101ing interface 102 cer t ificat ion, includ in g im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot por t ion of s0/0 t he CCNP

frame-switch(config-if)#no shut frame-switch(config-if)#interface s0/2 frame-switch(config-if)#description r3s0/2 to VA frame-switch(config-if)#bandwidth 64 •

Table of Content s

•frame-switch(config-if)#clock I ndex rate 64000 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

frame-switch(config-if)#encap frame By Donna L. Har rington frame-switch(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

frame-switch(config-if)#frame route 101 interface s0/0 104 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 frame-switch(config-if)#no shut

frame-switch(config-if)#exit frame-switch(config)#line console 0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble frame-switch(config-line)#logging t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oubsynchronous leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: frame-switch(config-line)#exit frame-switch(config)#enable secret donna Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment frame-switch(config)#line vty 0 4 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k frame-switch(config-line)#password donna I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her frame-switch(config-line)#end t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies frame-switch#copy running-config startup-config Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s The f r"am it chw con f am iliar es t o y ou b y now alt houg h y ou could h ave accident ally Snifef"swt he ir e tfigu o spr at otion n etis w or k issu conf ig ur ed r 2 r at her t han r 3 or r an in t o Ph ysical Lay er issues. This f r am e sw it ch imp lem ent at ion ze ical localt han andwr hat em ot e access pr w oblem s in hern netse w or ks, t in ing issues it hs of is m orAnaly e pr act you w or ked it h ear lierEtin t h eetsen t hat heclud ph ysical DCE w end cabling, sp eed and t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw lin k, t he cab le con nect y ou t o du t h eplex ser, vuice p rov ider . Verif y t hat you set idt it h, up CSMA/ pr operCD, ly won it he-t hweayshow o ay negot iateion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, fr am eaut - r el rout com m and as in Ex am ple 824.and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env Exa m pliron e 8ment - 2 4s. Ve r if yi ng t h e Ne w Fr am e Sw i t ch Conf ig ur a t i on Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, frame-switch#show frame-relay CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh ootroute in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci Status CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Serial0/0 Serial0/1 inactive im por t ant con cep t s 102 cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion 101 of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0/0

104

Serial0/2

101

inactive

Serial0/1

101

Serial0/0

102

inactive

Serial0/2

101

Serial0/0

104

inactive

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP cti cal St udi es: dlci Tr ouble The inP ra put int er face/ colushoot mn sing show t h e int er face and DLCI n um ber t he packet s com e in on and t h e out pu t in t er f ace/ dlci colum ns sh ow t he in t er f ace and DLCI num b er t he pack et s leav e on. By Donna L. Har rington The PVC st at us is inact ive at t he pr esent t ime becau se you hav e not conf ig ur ed t h e ot her end s. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Next config ur e t he h ub r out er using a m u lt ip oint sub int er face as in Figur e 8- 1 0 an d Ex am ple 8April 0 4,ed 20 03 25 . Pub My Dat filee: is nam r 1 m u lt ipoint hub conf ig if y ou w ould rat h er ju st copy and past e. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 8 - 2 5 . Con f igu r in g t he H ub Rou t e r f or M u lt ipoi nt Su bi nt e r f aces

Router(config)#hostname r1 Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(config)#interface s0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-if)#encap frame Set u p an d f ollow along s0.100 w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1(config-if)#interface w it hout t h e act ual equip ment % Incomplete command. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config)#interface s0.100 multipoint I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.8.1 255.255.255.0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r1(config-subif)#bandwidth 64 r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r1(config-subif)#frame-relay 192.168.8.2 broadcast Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p robmap lem -ip isolat ion m et hods 102 t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1(config-subif)#frame-relay ipes 192.168.8.4 104 broadcast " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w ormap k issu Analy ze local and r shut em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1(config-subif)#no cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config)#line console 0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1(config-line)#logging synchronous env iron ment s r1(config-line)#exit Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork secret Trou bleshoot r1(config)#enable donnain g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St udvty ies: Tr oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr1(config)#line 0 oublesh 4 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-line)#password donna CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1(config-line)#end r1#copy running-config startup-config

Finally, con figur e t he spok e r out er s using m ult ipoint su bint er faces, t oo, as in Ex am ple 8- 26. At • Table of Content s t his t im e do not u se map ping st at em en t s for r2 and r 4. Once again , you can copy and past e if • I ndex y ou p r ef er . CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Exa m pl e 8 - 2 6 . Con f igu r in g t he Spok e Rou t e r s w i t h M u lt i poin t Pub nt lish er: Press Subi er Cisco f aces Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Router(config)#hostname r2 r2(config)#interface s0 r2(config-if)#encap frame Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2(config-if)#interface s0.101 m Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2(config-subif)#bandwidth 64 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h 192.168.8.2 real- w or ld lab255.255.255.0 scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r2(config-subif)#ip address w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r2(config-subif)#no shut Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2(config-subif)#exit I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an0d u t ilit ies r2(config)#line console Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r2(config-line)#logging synchronous Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2(config-line)#exit Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2(config)#enable donna " Snif f" t he w ir e tsecret o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2(config)#line vty r 0 Analy ze local and em4ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r2(config-line)#password donna aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2(config-line)#end App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r2#copy running-config startup-config Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh Router(config)#hostname r4 oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r4(config)#interface s0/0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g r4(config-if)#encap frame

r4(config-if)#interface s0/0.101 m r4(config-subif)#bandwidth 64 r4(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.8.4 255.255.255.0 r4(config-subif)#no shut •

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•

I ndex

r4(config-subif)#exit

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington console 0 r4(config)#line

r4(config-line)#logging synchronous Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r4(config-line)#exit I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r4(config)#enable secret donna r4config)#line vty 0 4 r4(config-line)#password donna Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r4(config-line)#end Wit h t his brunning-config ook, you can: r4#copy startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Verif yEst connect y . Ch eck and y ourdocu in t erf aces, LMIph , PVCs, on stnarettw ing ablish ivit a baseline ment y our ysical and and so logical or kin Ex am ple 8- 27. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

Exa m t r oub pl eleshoot 8 - 2 7ing . Ve t ools r if yi anng d u t ilit M uieslt i poin t Su bin t e r f ace Conf ig ur a t i on s Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1#show ip interface brief Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface IP-Address " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

OK? Method Status

Protocol

Ethernet0 unassigned administratively down w down Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem sYES in Etunset hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Ethernet1 unassigned YESand unset aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, mor e administratively down down Serial0 unassigned YES tunset administratively down App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g down env iron ment s Serial0.100 192.168.8.1 YES manual down down Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Serial1 unassigned down down Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t opYES ics tunset hat p r epadministratively are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP ical St ud ootyin g pint r ovides y ou ract inf or matpast ion on all tbu h et show You m Pr ayact hav e for goties: t o Tr br oublesh ing up all our er faces as w I itd hidpin m ical y copy - ande file, im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ ip i nt e rf ace br ie f clearly sh ows you adm inist r at ively dow n . Fix t he r1 int er face issu es as in ing

Ex am ple 8- 28.

Exa m pl e 8 - 2 8 . Br i ngi ng Up t h e M ai n Se r ia l0 I nt er f ace

r1(config)#interface • Table of Contents0 s •

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r1(config-if)#no shut CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

00:54:16: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up Pub lish er: Cisco Press 00:54:16: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0.100, Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58state 720 -0 57 -0 changed to up Pages: 84 0

00:54:16: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0.100, changed state to down 00:54:26: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Interface Serial0 - DLCI 102 state changed to ACTIVE Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 00:54:26: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0.100, Wit h t his b ook, you can: changed state to up 00:54:27: Line protocol on Serial0, Set u p %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: an d f ollow along w it h realw or ld lab scenar iosInterface aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment changed state to up Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 00:54:27: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Interface Serial0 - DLCI 104 state changed to ACTIVE I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 00:54:36: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Interface Serial0 - DLCI 104 state changed to Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided INACTIVE Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1(config-if)#end Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h DLCI cabling, 10 4 appear s t oand b e bou ncin, gu tbet w een act ivcollisions, e an d in actbiv e. The " n oCSMA/ shu t "CD, of t hon e ephy sical sp eed du plex ilizat ion and andw idt h, w ay lin k, int er face caused all su bint er faces t o b e opt im ist ically " up " un t il t h e act ual I OS ver ificat ion aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e m et hod ( LMI ) deem ed it not so. The d ef ault t ime and dat e st am ps cer t ainly ar en 't as usefu l as w it h tApp he ser ceert im a blesh m ps oot [ deing bugmet | log ] da t e t im ocalife lt i mrou e m se cand com m ands, ly avilay ed et st rou h odology t oe rlealt ing swit chin g w h ich w ould be h elp fuliron forment t rou sblesh oot ing ot her issu es. Ad d t h ose com m and s and set t he clock for all y our env hu b- and - sp oke box es at t h is t ime. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Con figu an t rou blesh ootbleshoot t h e r estinof r r tout ar ey ou configu r edCCNP like Figur e 8- 1 0. Cisco( r) reI nt erdnet w ork Trou g you ( CI T) op ers ics tunt hatilptrhey ep are for t he En su re HQ can ping DC and VA. Cont inu e you r Fram e Relay t est ing as in Ex am ple 8Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on29. t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Exa m pl e 8 - 2 9 . Ve r if yi ng t h e Fr am e Rel ay M u lt i poin t Su bin t e r f ace CCNP ScenPr aract i oical onStrud 1 ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e

im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#show frame-relay map Serial0.100 (up): ip 192.168.8.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static, broadcast, •

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•

I ndexCISCO, status defined, active

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Serial0.100 (up): ip 192.168.8.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, By Donna L. Har rington

broadcast, Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, CISCO, 20 03

status defined, active

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r1#ping 192.168.8.2 Pages: 84 0 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.8.2, timeout is 2 seconds: Hand .....s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1#ping 192.168.8.4 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Type wescape to abort. it hout t hsequence e act ual equip ment Sending 5, 100-byte Echos to y192.168.8.4, timeout Est ablish a baselineICMP and docu ment our ph ysical and logical nis et w2orseconds: k .....I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s The show f ra m e - r e la y m ap ou t pu t illust r at es how D LCI 1 02 can g et t o 192 .1 68. 8. 2 ( DC) and " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es how DLCI 104 can get t o 19 2. 168 .8 . 4 ( VA) . The PVCs are act iv e, y et t he p ings ar e n ot successful. Help m e det erm ine t he pr oblem in Ex am ple 8- 30. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Exa m pl e 8 - 3 0 . Ve r if yi ng t h e Fr am e Rel ay M u lt i poin t Su bin t e r f ace ScenApp ar ilyoaon lay er r 2edatnd rou blesh r 4 oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou r2#show frame-relay mapbleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP r2# Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2#clear frame-relay-inarp CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r4#show frame-relay map Serial0/0 (up): ip 0.0.0.0 dlci 101(0x65,0x1850) broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active •

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•

I ndex

r4#clear frame-relay-inarp CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r4#show frame-relay map By Donna L. Har rington

Serial0/0 (up): ip 0.0.0.0 dlci 101(0x65,0x1850) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

broadcast, Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

CISCO, status defined, active

You ju st nev er kn ow w hat t o ex pect w hen you ar e t r oub leshoot ing . r 2 sh ows not hin g in it s Hand pr act ice for ing exam it h not TCP/b Ielon P, LAN, an d You W ANt r tied r ouble I nv er sseon ARP t able, andt he r 4 CCNP has a Tr 0. oubleshoot 0. 0. 0 m apping t h at dwoes g t here. clear ing tt icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. he I n ver se ARP t able, w hich d id not seem t o m ak e a dif fer en ce. Th e 0. 0. 0. 0 is not a d ef ault r out e, bu t t he I OS's w ay of say ing an I nv er se ARP message has not b een r eceived fr om t h e Wit h t his b ook, neighb or at t he you ot h ercan: en d of t h e PVC. Th at 's w hy t he ping failed—it mad e it f ine f rom r1 t o r 4, bu t r 4 couldn' t send t he reply b ecause t h e m ap w as in com p let e ( encapsulat ion f ailed) . The ot h er end already sent s I nvalong er se ARP essage befor e t hios e r 4aligned en d w as iv e. r 1ic, sent Set u p an d fit ollow w it hmrealw orw ldell lab scenar t o act each exAft amert op w it an h or I nv er w seit ARP m essage, r 4 cou ld com plet e t he m ap . DC and VA n eed dir ect ions on h ow t o get t o hout t h e act ual equip ment HQ. You shou ld conf igur e m ap st at em ent s lik e y ou did f or r 1 on r2 and r 4. Ver ify t hat it w or ks in Ex amEst pleablish 8- 31. a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub t oolsf igu an d ruin t ilit Exa m pl eleshoot 8 - 3 1ing . Con gies St a t i c M a ps on r 2 a nd r 4 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2(config)#interface s0.101 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.8.1 101 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r4(config)#interface s0/0.101 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r4(config-subif)#frame-relay ip 192.168.8.1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , map encapsulat ion, and mor101 e !!!HQApp toly DC a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1#ping 192.168.8.2 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Type sequence tobleshoot abort.in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( escape r) I nt er net w ork Trou Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Sending 5,ical 100-byte ICMP Echos tog g192.168.8.2, iscom 2 seconds: CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in ives y ou an edgtimeout e ov er t he pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. !!!!! CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t antrate con cep cen t percent ral t o t h e (5/5), t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP=cer t ificat ion, ms includ in g Success ist s 100 round-trip min/avg/max 60/60/60

!!!HQ to VA r1#ping 192.168.8.4 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.8.4, timeout is 2 seconds: •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. rate Success Har rington is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms

!!!DC toer: HQ Pub lish Cisco

Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r2#ping 192.168.8.1

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

84 0 Type Pages: escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.8.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased Success rateonis Cisco 100I npercent t ern et w or(5/5), k Tr oub round-trip leshoot in g ( CImin/avg/max T) t opics. = 60/60/60 ms Wit h t his !!!VA tob ook, HQ you can: r4#ping 192.168.8.1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or it hout t hsequence e act ual equip ment Type wescape to abort. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.8.1, timeout is 2 seconds: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her !!!!!t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max ms Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w = it h56/59/60 aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snifarf"iot he w irof e fer t o sp ot an et w or issu This scen does y ou lear n kin g opes por t un it y. The 0. 0. 0 .0 r out e was st u ck in t h e m appin g som eh ow, and you h ad t o r eload t h e rou t ers ( at least t he rou t er w it h t he 0. 0. 0 .0 m app in g) t o Analy and br em access in Et hern net w or ks,ion in clud w it h t h en get rid of itze . I nlocal looking ackot , ye ou cou ldprhoblem ave chsanged t he et encapsulat backing t o issues HDLC and spam eed and du plex ,aps u t ilizat and hav collisions, idtt hh,ing CSMA/ e- wof aya lin k, r econfcabling, igur ed Fr e Relay . Perh t h ation w ould e been b a andw bet t er t o t r yCD, inston ead r eload aut o negot iatwion, essing if m ult iple people er e addr aff ect ed. , encapsulat ion, and mor e App a lay er edv erif t rouy blesh oot met h odology life rou chin gcomm and s For t he exlyper ience, t his m ulting ipoin t scen ario fut ort hr ealer using allt ing t he and Fr amswit e Relay env iron ment s discussed so f ar. Ult im at ely , HQ should be ab le t o com m unicat e w it h DC and VA an d v ice v er sa as w as p rov ed back in Ex am ple 8- 31. How ever , DC shou ld not be able t o p ing VA in t his scen ario Desig nedt her for easpir ing CCNP CCI pr oftessionals, t hisitind sab le lab g uide uilds because is not h ing in tand h e I nv erE( ser)ARP able t o allow t o isp do en so. This w ould r eqbuir e ston at ic Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP m aps lik e y ou d id b ack in Ex er cise 8- 1 2 wh en y ou w ant ed t o pin g y our self u sin g m ult ip oin t Tr ingam exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, intoubleshoot er faces in Fr e Relay. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw ld apprplicat ionap ofplicat LAN ion andofWAN ics. su bint er face conf ig ur at ion is wh en y ou ar e mig rat in g A or g ood act ical a mut op lt ipoint fr om main int er faces t o p oint - t o- p oin t sub int erf aces. Wh en d oin g so, t ake t he low est CI R t imes CCNP Pr act St ud ies: in g pidt r ovides y ou w h ip p ract infPoint or mat t he num berical of PVCs t o gTr et oublesh a g ood oot b andw h f or each mitult oin tical PVC. - tion o- p on ointall t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ g le subin t er f aces ar e by far m or e com mon in t he r eal w or ld, an d y ou w ill w ork w it h t h em in Trinoub

Ticket s.

NO TE • •

The fr am e - r el ay int e rf a ce - d lci dlci# com m and is t y pically u sed w it h point - t o- point of Content s subin t erTable f aces. Mult ip oin t com m unicat ions m ak e use of I nv erse ARP or st at ic m app in gs. I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Shooting Trouble with Frame Relay I n t his sect ion I w ant t o reinf orce t h e gener al t hin gs t o look for w h en shoot ing Fr ame Relay t r oub les. Also I w ant t o cov er a lit t le m or e det ail on shoot in g t r ou ble w it h r u nning r out in g pr ot ocols ov er Fr am e Relay, and t hen discu ss loop back t est in g. •

Table of Content s

•The f ir st qu est I ndex ion t o ask y our self w it h Fr am e Relay is did it ev er w ork . You ar e obv iously goin g CCNP P ra cti calr St udi es: shoot ing in t he LAN t o t he ser v ice pr ovid er cloud . How ev er , y ou m ust bey ond you cont r ol Tr t houble at y ou had st ill cont inue you r layer ed ap pr oach t o t r oubleshoot ing . Alt houg h Fr am e Relay is a Layer 2 By Donna L. Har rington t echnology , it does not w ork acr oss a br oken phy sical lin k. I f t h ese low er lay er s ar e br ok en, y ou ar e w ast in g you r t im e t r oubleshoot ing t he upper lay ers. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Dat April 0show 4, 20 03 i p i nt e rf ace br ie f, sh ow in t er fa ce s0 , show cont r ol le rs s 0 , as w ell as ThePub com me:ands I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 -0 link light s ar e all inv aluable Ph ysical Lay er t ools. I n t erf ace reset s ar e a g ood in dicat ion of qu eu ed pack etPages: s t hat84hav 0 e not been t r an sm it t ed, h ard w are pr oblems, or clock in g sign als. Ot her er ror count s, su ch as p ack et s inpu t an d ou t pu t and car r ier t r ansit ions beyon d y our baseline, ar e w or t hw hile t o analy ze. Move up t he st ack t o ch eck t h e encapsulat ion or fr am e t y pe. Ar e y ou com mu nicat in g wit h t h e fr am e sw it ch ? Rem emb er t hat t he LMI t y pe, w het her it be Cisco, ANSI , or Q9 33A m ust m at ch w it h t he local swit ch por t . Look at t he k eep aliv e act ivit y bet w een t he local rHand out ers-and e frice amfor e sw it ch w it hTrshow f ra m eing - r eexam la y lmwi.it hClear e int er face and w at ch on prt hact t he CCNP oubleshoot TCP/tIhP, LAN, an d count W AN er t r souble tt he Num St at u s Enq Sent and t he Nu m St at u s Msgs Rcv d. They sh ould be abou t t he sam e. Nu m icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. St at u s Timeout s t r ack s how m any t im es t he st at u s m essage w as n ot r eceiv ed w it hin t he kWit eepaliv indow . Per haps t her e is an LMI au t osen sing issu e. The serv ice pr ov id er pr ovid es t he h t hise bwook, you can: DLCI s so t hat t h ey can do t he ap pr opr iat e m apping t o get y ou t o you r dest in at ion. How ev er , t hey ar e n ot m ist ake- pr oof . May be t h e DLCI s are rev er sed; r ev iew t he I nv er se ARP t able w it h showSet f raumpean -re d la f ollow y m ap. along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her NO TE t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies All un assign ed DLCI s r ep or t ed by t he f ram e sw it ch v ia LMI ar e assig ned t o t h e m ain Diagn oseintand t r oublesh oot acttu. al pr oblem by f ollow inge along it h and aut hI orp rse ovided ph ysical er face as m ult ipoin Becau se prsovider s m ak m ist akwes, n ver ARP Cat aly r ) eOS and Cisco I OS( r ), Sof ar e cau comse m and inpituty, concer ou t putn. , and loggin g and CDst P(ar enabled by def ault t h ist wmay a secur Ch eck show fr am e - r el ay m a p f r eq uent ly f or t he ap pear ance of unk now n DLCI s. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Use show f ra m e - r e la y lm i an d de bug f ra m e - re la y lm i lik e y ou d id b ack in Ex am ples 8- 1 3 r em oblem s ch in Et et net w or ks, in clud ingmissues w it hnot t hr ou Analy gh 8- 1ze 5 tlocal o seeand w het herotteheaccess r ou t erprand sw it ar hern e t alkin g. This de bug com and does cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ayput lin k, hav e m uch of an im p act on rou t er oper at ion s as m ost de bug com m ands becau se t he out is aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e m inim al. I t does a gr eat j ob of show ing t h e LMI ex chang e for rou t er - t o- sw it ch in quir ies and sw it ch - t o- r out er r ep ly st at us m essages. The ( out ) St Enq is t h e LMI st at u s inqu iry sent by t h e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r out er , and ( in) St at us is t h e reply f r om t he fr am e swit ch. A f ull LMI m essage cont ain s PVC dat a env iron ment s includin g D LCI , st at u s, and CI R. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Use t he f ollow ing com man ds w it h a lit t le m or e caut ion: Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPde Prbug act ical g g ives y ou anpack edget e sovr er t he com it ion f raSt mud e -ies: re laTr y oublesh ev e nt soot t o in show cou nt s of eceived on pet in t er f acet hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. de bug f ra m e - re la y pa ck e t t o see t he p ack et s sen t ou t a Fr am e Relay int er face CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por tle antpacket con cep t ses cen ral de t o 0x t h 30 e t 8, r oubleshoot por t ion ofessag t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, Possib t yp intclu w h ich is aing sign alin gm e for DLCI 0, an d 0includ x3 09,inwghich

is an LMI message v alid w it h a D LCI of 1 023 . I ssu e a de bug se ria l i nt e rfa ce com m and early on t o see t h e k eepaliv e act iv it y . Ch ange t he encapsulat ion t o HDLC t o see t he k eep aliv e t r af fic, because if LMI is d ow n f or Fr ame Relay t he fr am e int er face w ill not be able t o g en er at e keepalives. I t on ly t akes t h ree m issed k eepaliv es in a r ow t o t ak e t he line d ow n. You 'll look at HDLC a lit t le closer in t h e nex t chap t er , b ut t he p oin t her e is t hat only Cisco HD LC en cap su lat ion sup por t s det ect ion of a looped Layer 1 an d st ill k eep s t he lin e pr ot ocol up so t h at y ou m ay sen d t est t raf fic. •

Table of Content s

•Keep aliv es inI ndex t he WAN wor ld ar e t r uly bet w een y ou and t he ser vice pr ov ider, not j ust you r ow n CCNP P ra cti cal udi es:at Trtouble int er face. YouSt look h eseshoot m oring e in

t he n ex t WAN chapt er . For exam p le:

By Donna L. Har rington

Mineseq is t h e k eepaliv e sent by t he local side.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April is 0 4,t he 20 03 Your seen keepalive

sent by t h e r em ot e side.

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Mineseen Pages: 84 0 is t he local k eep aliv e seen b y t he r em ot e sid e.

NO TE

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icketAlw s b ays asedrem on em Cisco et w k Trdebug oub leshoot in g ( CIwT) t opics. b er I tnot ern t u rn ofor f all pr ocessing hen finished t est in g. Rem emb er , u a ll is sh ort for un deb ug al l or no de bug a ll . Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Perh aps t h e issue is not wit h conf igur at ion at all but w it h p er f orm an ce. Tak e a look at t h e out pu t w it hout t h e act ual equip ment of show f ra m e - r e la y t ra ff ic in Ex am ple 8- 32. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl eif y8t-r 3oublesh 2 . show es- rusing el aypin t rg,aft fr ace, ic sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I dent oot ingf rt am ar get t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and traffic Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1#show frame-relay in st r ustatistics: ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s FrameUse Relay " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ARP requests sent 0, ARP replies sent 0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ARP request recvd 0, ARP replies recvd cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Any w ay y ou look at it , if t he f ram e sw it ch r u ns out of bu ff er s it look s at t he DE packet s t o see w hat ned it canfordiscar g en erand al y ou elpofw it h perf ortman ce isp issues out rou tberuilds w it hon Desig aspird. ingI nCCNP CCIcan E( r)h pr essionals, his ind en sab le of labt he g uide pr ior it y queuin g. Fr ame Relay t raf fic shap ing assist s w it h sw it ch congest ion. Relat e t h is back t o Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP tTr heoubleshoot Ch apt er 3,ing " Shexam oot ing Trou ble w it h I P," subn et t in g an alogy w it h t he cong est ion of t he s . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t hecar j ob, crossing t he Chesap eak e Bay Br idg e. The Mass Tr ansit Au t hor it y ( MTA) bor r ow s lanes as CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealapp riat e t oion f acilit at e r and oadwWAN or k an d ics. east - bou nd and w est - b ound access. How ev er, t he w or rop ld ap plicat of LAN t op im pr oved EZPass syst em d ed icat es one or m ore lan es t o local com mu t ers. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Num issucep es tr selat o rou ot ocols, most cast m ult icast in n at ur e. Yet Fr im porerou t ants con cene t tral t o t ing h e tpr r oubleshoot ing ly porb troad ion of t heorCCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in game

Relay is NBMA. Th is cr eat es some in t er est ing result s an d is act u ally anot her b ook in it self. Thr oug hout t his b ook, I hav e y ou ex per iment w it h som e of t h e m ore com m on issues w it h r out ing pr ot ocols. The n ex t sect ion speak s t o ru nning t h ose rou t ing pr ot ocols over t h e Fram e Relay d at a link .

• •

NO TE Table of Content s I ndex

CCNP Ot P rahcti St tudi Trer ouble shoot ing ercal rou inges:r ef ence m at erial

fr om Cisco Pr ess y ou can r ead inclu des Henr y Pr act ical St ud ies: Rou t in g; Tr oub lesh oot in g I P Rou t in g Pr ot ocols ( Sham im , Aziz, Liu , Mar t ey) ; and Jeff D oyle's Rou t in g TCP/ I P, Volum es I an d I I ( Cisco Prlish ess) An otPress her excellent book is Adv anced I P Rout ing in Cisco Net w or k s ( McGraw - Hill Pub er: .Cisco Osbor ne) by Ter ry Slat t er y and Bill Bur t on . Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

By Donna Benjam L. Harin' rington s CCNP

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Frame Relay and Routing Protocols Rou t ing pr ot ocols su ch as Open Sh ort est Pat h Fir st ( OSPF) , Ext en ded I nt er ior Gat ew ay Rou t ing Pr ot ocol , I for nt ert he mediat e Sy em- t o- I nting ermexam ediat ew Sy em I( P, I S-LAN, I S) , and dert r ouble Gat ew ay Hand s- on( EI prGRP) act ice CCNP Tr st oubleshoot it hstTCP/ an d Bor W AN Pr ot ocol ( BGP) all r un over Fr am e Relay. Cisco' s imp lem ent at ion of Fram e Relay sup por ts t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. v ariou s Lay er 3 r out ed p r ot ocols in clud ing I P, DECnet , App leTalk , Xerox Net w or k Sy st em s (Wit XNS) I ntber net w or kcan: Packet Ex ch ange ( I PX) , Connect ionless Net w or k Serv ice ( CLNS) , and so on. h t ,his ook, you Whet h er Fr am e Relay or anot her WAN t r anspor t , if t here ar e t raf fic issues or m em or y issu es due t o lar g e rou t ing t ables, fir st m ake su re you hav e p rop er ly su m m ar ized accor ding t o t he r out in g Set ruules. p an dUnf ollow real- wan ords ld lab ioslyaligned t o wit each ex am t op ic,g w it h orand pr ot ocol for t unalong at ely , wt hiteh comm ar e scenar all slight d iffer ent h sum m ar izin each hout h eotact ual As equip ment ever ywr it out ing t pr ocol. I hav e allu ded t o in t his chap t er , w it h Fr ame Relay r eachabilit y issu es exist wh en u sing m ult iple PVCs ov er a single int er face. Depend in g on t h e t opolog y, sp lit hor izon Estdablish and docu ment our ph ysical andg logical et w or k becau se of t he NBMA m ay be oing itas baseline job of r educing r out ing yloops b ut cau sin ot h er prn oblems nat u r e of Fr am e Relay . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing hor t ools an is d udisab t ilit ies For exam ple, I P split izon led by default on Fr am e Relay int er faces. How ev er , t his creat es a pr oblem w it h p r ot ocols such as I PX an d Ap pleTalk becau se t hey r ely on split h orizon t o Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided w or k pr oper ly . To m ake a long st or y sh or t , r eg ard less of p rot ocol t he w or kar oun d is Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g subin t er f aces. Sub in t erf aces r esolv e m any u pper - layer r out in g issues. Mult ipoin t an d p oint - t opoint subin t er f aces w er e discu ssed back in t he " Fram e Relay at t he Phy sical Layer " sect ion. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Now I ' ll rev iew EI GRP, t hen OSPF, t hen I S- I S, an d finally BGP becau se t hey ar e all v er y com m on " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es in t he r eal w or ld t od ay. My goal is ju st t o q uickly r eview som e of t he com m on com m and s t o h elp y ou r ecognize som eand of trhe of r unn ing t hese rouhern t ingetprnet ot ocols over Fr am Relay twoitphrepar e Analy ze local emissues ot e access pr oblem s in Et w or ks, in clud inge issues y ou f or t h e Tr ouble Ticket s an d pr act ical ap plicat ion . Refer b ack t o t h e general discu cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e-ssion w ay of lin Ik,P r out ing pr ot ocols back in Ch apt er 3. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g envover iron ment s Relay EIGRP Frame Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on EI GRP, encapsulat ed in t he I P header as p rot ocol num ber 8 8, w or ks w ell in t he LAN an d t he Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP WAN. How ever , t h e t opology t yp e has an im pact on n eigh bor ad jacen cies acr oss t he WAN. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, EI GRP oper at es ov er m u lt icast ad dr ess 2 24. 0. 0 .1 0, b ut Fr am e Relay is an NBMA t echnolog y by CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealdefau lt . Nonb road cast m ean s no mu lt icast eit her . w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. The b ig issues t o rev iew wit h EI GRP ov er Fram e Relay includ e how EI GRP u ses t he ban dw idt h. I t CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e is cr ucial t hat you conf igur e y our b andw idt h st at em en t s, because by d ef ault EI GRP can use u p t o im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

half of t h e band w id t h. I f y ou don' t conf igur e t h e ban dw idt h and y ou allow EI GRP t o use 5 0 per cent of t he default 1. 54 4 Mbps f or a ser ial link w hen y ou r eally only hav e a 56 kb ps or 6 4 k bps lin k t o b eg in w it h, and you h ave a big t opology t able, and r out es st ar t f lapping , y ou pr obab ly w on't be t oo hap py w it h EI GRP. You are alr eady f am iliar w it h t he bandw id t h st at em ent , bu t y ou can conf igur e t h e per cent ag e of band w id t h t hat EI GRP is allowed t o use using t he ip ba ndw i dt h- pe rcen t e ig rp as- num b er p er cent com m and. For ex am ple, ip b and w idt h - pe rce nt e igr p 1 0 0 2 0 0 allow s EI GRP au t onom ous sy st em 100 t o ut ilize 200 p er cen t of t h e config ur ed ban dw idt h. So if t he band wid t h is con figu red t o 2 5 k bp s, EI GRP w ould be allow ed t o use up t o • Table of Content s 50 k bps. Obv iously you need t o m ak e su r e t he line is pr ovisioned ap pr opr iat ely . On t he ot her • I ndex han d, y ou m ay w ant t o lessen t he per cen t n um ber so t h at t h e rou t ing up dat es ar e not CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing consum ing all of y our b andw idt h . By Donna L. Har rington

Speak in g of pr ovisioning ban dw idt h for t he WAN, t he best p r act ice is t o con figu re t he b andw idt h t o be h eer: CICisco R of Press t he PVC—u nless, of cour se, you h ave a 0 CI R; but I gu ess y ou w ouldn' t hav e Pubtlish any Pub t hinDat g te:o April com0plain 4, 20 03ab out if t h at w er e t he case. That m et h od wor k s j ust f in e for point - t o- point PVCs, bI SBN: ut f or m ult ipoin t , EI GRP uses t he band wid t h on t h e m ain in t er f ace d ivided by t he nu mb er 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 of neighb or s t o g et t he neig hbor band wid t h. I n effect t here is a single ent r y p oin t w it h m ult iple Pages: 84 0 exit point s so t hat t he b andw idt h is equ ally sh ared. I f t h er e ar e v ar yin g CI Rs, it is a bet t er pr act ice t o conv er t t o p oint - t o- p oin t sub int erf aces As a w or k arou nd, you can man ually configu r e t he band wid t h by t ak ing t he low est CI R and m ult iply ing by t h e num b er of PVCs. Be carefu l not t o ov er subscr ibe y our self. Adj ust t h e EI GRP band w idt h per cent so t hat y ou hav e about a 1 : 1 rat io for t he am oun t of b andw idt h t h at EI GRP can use. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tAnot ickethserb ased big issue on Cisco w it h IEI n tGRP ern eton w or t he k Tr Woub AN leshoot in general in g is ( CImT)aking t opics. sur e y ou lim it t he need t o k now t hr ou gh su mm ar izat ion, ou t bou nd rou t e f ilt er s, and dist r ib ut e list s as t o not end up w it h St u ck in Wit h t his Act ive ( SIbA)ook, r outyou es. can: I f a r out er cannot answ er a q uery becau se it is t oo busy or h as m em or y pr oblem s, t hat is one p rob lem , b ut if t h e WAN cir cu it is d own or on ly w ork s in one d irect ion, som e packet s m ay b e lost . Alt houg h n ot r equir ed, a hierar chical design m odel incr eases EI GRP' s p ant hdef ollow scalabSet ilit yu on WAN. along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her NO TE t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Just a w or d of cau t ion, EI GRP can for m on e- w ay n eig hbor r elat ionships, b ut OSPF Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided can' t . Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s You w"ill con ouble Tick Snif f" figu t he re w irEIe GRP t o spinott hn eetTr w or k issu es et s. For n ow, how ever , t he discu ssion t ur ns t o OSPF ov er Fr am e Relay. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, OSPF aut over o negot Frame iat ion, Relay addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e lay rouev blesh met t o r eal-glife rouet ing and Like swit chin g t he OSPFApp w orly k saov ererned eartly er y doot at aing link ouhtodology t h er e, includin Fr am Relay. EI GRP, env iron ment s t opolog y t y pe has a big im pact on how adj acencies are cr eat ed. OSPF is en cap su lat ed in t he I P header as p r ot ocol num ber 8 9. Keep in m ind t hat OSPF w or k s over m ult icast ad dr esses Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 22 4. 0. 0. 5 and 22 4. 0. 0. 6, but by d ef ault Fr am e Relay as w ell as ATM and X.2 5 are NBMA dat aCisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP link t echnologies. I n OSPF, if you don 't hav e any n eig hbor s y ou obv iou sly don' t h ave link - st at e Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, adv ert isem en t s ( LSAs) in t h e lin k- st at e dat abase or any OSPF- learn ed r out es in t he r out in g CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealt able. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. OSPF consider s Fram e Relay NBMA t o b e like an y ot her b road cast media for it s dat a- link CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e t r anspor t . Th e defau lt hello int er v al is 30 secon ds, and t he default dead int erv al is 1 20 second s. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

As y ou can r eview in Table 8 - 3, t h er e ar e t w o RFC- com pliant m od es an d t hr ee addit ional m odes fr om Cisco t o cont r ol h ow OSPF op er at es ov er NBMA. This is not j ust anot her t ab le t o m em orize. These m odes r eally det er m in e how t he hello p rot ocol and flooding w or k . Rem em ber t h at OSPF uses m ult icast . The big issu e w it h OSPF ov er an NBMA t opology is t hat t he d esignat ed r out er ( DR) and b ack up designat ed r out er ( BDR) need a list of all ot h er rou t er s t o est ablish adj acen cies. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Tab le 8 -3 . O SPF ov er NBM A M ode s

By Donna L. Har rington

Mod e

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

RFC Pub

Topol ogy

Ad dre ssi ng

Ad j a ce ncy

Full m esh

On e su bnet

[ * ] Man ual

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

NBMA

Pages: 84 0

conf ig ur at ion DR/ BDR

Point - t o- mu lt ip oint

Par t ial m esh

On e su bnet

Aut om at ic conf ig ur at ion Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing eexam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hub - and- spok t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. No D R/ BDR Wit h t his b ook, you can: Cisco Br oadcast Full m esh On e su bnet Aut om at ic Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each conf ex ig am ur tat op ion ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment DR/ BDR Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k[ * ] Point - t o- mu lt ip oint Par t ial m esh On e su bnet Man ual conf igur at ion non br oadcast I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Hub No D R/ BDR t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies - and- spok e Point - t o- point Par t ial m esh Mu lt ip le Aut om at ic Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing subn et salong w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS(Hub r ) Sof t w ar e com loggin g - andspok e m and inp ut , ou t put , and No D R/ BDR Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p robUsing lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s subin t er f aces " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h [ * ] I t is good practice to configur e neighbor statem ent s on both ends although it may w ork w it h one. You can cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, fur ther cont rol OSPF on a neighbor - by - neighbor basis using t he [ p rior ity] , [ p oll- int e rval] , and [ co st ] aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e opt ions. App ly at he lay derefed t rou bleshm oot met h odology ealrou t ing andcom switmchin Rat h er t han ault NBMA ulting ipoin t conn ect iv itt o y, rFr amlife e Relay m ore onlyg op er at es in env iron ment s a h ub- and- spok e t op olog y. Ot her t op ologies in clu de par t ial an d full mesh. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPNO Pr act TEical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. For t he mod es in Table 8 - 3 t hat do elect DR/ BD R, it is imp ort ant f or t h e r out ers elect ed CCNPt oPrhav act e ical Trect oublesh oot in gt opeach r ovides it h pr out racterical a dStirud ecties: conn ion ( PVC) of tyhou e otwher s. inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Con figu re t he OSPF n et wor k m odes u sin g t h e ip ospf ne t w ork in t er f ace con figu rat ion com man d. I nt er faces and m ult ipoint subin t er f aces d ef ault t o NBMA. Ot her int er faces can b e set t o t he RFC- com pliant NBMA m od e using t he ip ospf ne t w ork non- broa dcast com m and. Not hin g d ef ault s t o t he RFC p oin t - t o- m ult ipoint m ode, bu t t he com man d t o set it is ip ospf ne t w ork poin t - t o- m u lt i poin t [ non - br oadca st ] . Th e [ non - br oadca st ] opt ion is for t he Ciscodefin ed m ode. Th e ot her Cisco m odes ar e set using ip ospf ne t w ork broa dca st an d ip ospf • Table of Content s ne t w ork poin t - t o- poin t . Br oadcast m ode act s lik e Et hern et , Token Ring , or FDDI , an d poi nt • I ndex t o- p oint is t he def ault f or poin t - t o- point subin t er f aces. So t o sum m arize, eit her use fr am e m a p CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing w it h t he br oad ca st p ar amet er , subint er faces as p oin t - t o- poin t link s, or OSPF n eig hbor By Donna L. Har st at ement s. rington Refer ack o t h Press ese com man ds lat er as y ou w or k t hr oug h t h e r est of t his book . For n ow m ove on Pubb lish er: tCisco t o I Pub S- I S over Fr ame Relay . Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

IS-IS over Frame Relay I nt egr at ed I n t er m ediat e Sy st em - t o- I nt er m ed iat e Sy st em ( I S- I S) is mor e of t en u sed in t he ser v ice pr ovider w or ld, as is BGP. How ever , I S- I S is an I GP an d BGP is an Ex t er ior Gat ew ay Pr ot ocol I t wfor as tdhe evCCNP elopedTrboubleshoot y I SO t o supp OSIwpitrot ocolsI P, ( especially d CLNP) Hand s- on( EGP) pr act. ice ing ort exam h TCP/ LAN, an d CLNS W AN tan r ouble and lat er ext end ed t o supp ort I P. I SI S is not car r ied in an I P packet but r at her encapsulat ed t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. dir ect ly in t o Layer 2. How ev er, it is m or e like OSPF t han ot her r out in g p r ot ocols. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Sim ilar it ies inclu de t h e follow ing: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Bot h ar et hlin stual at e equip rou t ing pr ot ocols t hat use t he SPF/ D ij k st r a algor it hm . w it hout e kact ment Bot h use hello p ack etand s t odocu for mment neigh bor ph adjysical acen cies. Est ablish a baseline y our and logical n et w or k Ar easiffor a builtoot - in ing t w o-t ar lev el shier archy I dent y tm r oublesh get using pin. g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Bot h ar e classless r out in g p rot ocols ( sup por t v ar iable - lengt h sub net m askin g [ VLSM] ) . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Bot h supp ort aut h en t icat ion . Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Bot h use t h e con cept of a D R. ( I S- I S called t h is DI S.) Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Cisco r out er s can op er at e as Level 1 ( L1) , Lev el 2 ( L2 ) , or L1/ L2 r out er s. L1s are sim ilar t o OSPF " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es int er nal r out er s an d h old a cop y of t he lin k- st at e d at abase f or t he local ar ea. L2 s ar e sim ilar t o OSPFAnaly Ar ea ze Borlocal der Rou ABRs) . They int er connect ar eas andwst e int eraring ea inf or m at andt ers r em(ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net oror ks, in clud issues w ion it h , bot h local link s and inf orm at ion about r emot e areas. L1 / L2 r out er s ar e sim ilar t o OSPF back bone cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r out eraut s. oThere separaddr at e essing ad jacen cies f or L1 ion, and and L2. mor Howeever , adj acen cies occu r w it h all negotare iat ion, , encapsulat r out er s, not just w it h t h e DR like in OSPF. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Alt houenv gh iron OSPF and ment s I S- I S ar e qu it e sim ilar , a coup le of t hing s set I S- I S ahead for v ery lar g e net w or ks. For ex am ple, t her e is not as m uch con fusion over t h e net w or k t y pes; I S- I S net w or ks ar e eitned her for br oadcast p ointand - t o- pCCI oint h e I S- I S L1, design , t her e ar be uilds few eronlink Desig aspir ingorCCNP E(. r)Wit prhoft essionals, t hisL2, indL1/ ispL2 en sab le lab g uide st at e pack et s t o p r ocess, so it is less pr ocessor int ensive, t oo. I n OSPF, t he MAXAGE of an LSA Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP st ar t s at 0 an d coun t s up w ard t o a f ixed valu e. I n pr act ice, t his m eans t he lif et im e of an Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t heLSA j ob,is tCCNP w o h our s, aft er w h ich it m u st be r efr esh ed an d f looded acr oss t he ent ir e ar ea. Ob viously , t his Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealcauses ex cessive t raf fic in t he cor e. I f in f act y ou hav e only on e hug e OSPF ar ea, ever y sin gle w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. LSA w ill need t o be r efr esh ed at least once ev er y t w o hou r s. Worse y et , if a r out er m isses on e of tCCNP he refPr reshed t herTr e is no lonoot gerinag rou t e. LSAy ou MAXAGE is har d cod intion o t he rott ocol act icalLSAs, St ud ies: oublesh p r ovides w it h p ract ical inf oredmat on pall h e for OSPF. Howcon ever , I tSI S count alen t t o ing MAXAGE in of revt he er se. I t stcer ar ttsificat at aion, nu minclud ber t hat im por t ant cep s cen t ral t os tithseequiv t r oubleshoot por t ion CCNP in g t he

user defin es an d cou nt s d own t o 0. By in cr easin g t his r efr esh int er val, y ou elim inat e a lot of t he ov er head of t he p r ot ocol. Many serv ice pr ov id er net w ork s set t h e r ef r esh int erv al t o t he m axim um and r un I S- I S w it h t h ousands of rou t ers in a sing le lev el w it h no ill ef fect s. I S- I S is a viable OSPF alt er nat iv e. A n et wor k ser vice access point ( NSAP) is t he locat ion wh er e OSI n et wor k ser vices are pr ovided t o t he Tr anspor t Lay er . All rou t er s in t he sam e ar ea m ust use t he sam e ar ea ad dr ess. Rat h er t han t he r ou t er I D t h at OSPF u ses, I S- I S u ses t h e OSI NSAP add ress. The NSAP st r u ct u re in clu des t he ar ea id en t if ier ; t he sy st em I D / MAC; and t he select or • Table of Content s ( 00 ) . The area id en t ifier loosely equat es t o t he net w ork . Th e syst em I D/ MAC ident if ies an • I ndex indiv idual device. You can t h ink of t he Select or by t e k ind of lik e an I P p ort . L1 and L2 r out in g ar e CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing based on a uniq ue syst em I D. Typ ically t he sy st em I D is t h e MAC addr ess in t he CLNS w or ld an d By Donna L. Har rington t he I P addr ess in t he I P w or ld. When t r oubleshoot ing I S- I S ov er Fr am e Relay in par t icu lar, rem emb er t hat it does n ot h ave Pub lish er: Cisco Press par am et er s lik e t he ip ospf ne t w ork com m and. Com m ands such as show i si s t opol ogy , show Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 clns rout e , show i sis r out e , w hich rou t e, show cl ns n ei ghb or, show i sis da t a ba se , cl ea r I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 isi s * , show fra m e- re la y m a p, an d de bug i si s a dj pa ck e t ar e q uit e helpf ul in supp or t in g I SPages: 84 0 I S. As f ar as Fr ame Relay is con cer ned, d o not conf ig ur e ip r out e r i sis on t h e m ain int er f ace because I S- I S w ill t r eat it lik e a b road cast net w or k and adj acency w ill not occur . You mu st hav e fu ll- mesh PVCs t o im p lem ent I S- I S in a point - t o- m u lt ip oint env ir onm ent . Ju st as w it h OSPF ov er hu b- and Fr am w her t he D R n eeds to be w t he ub rou t his r ue h I S- I S, Hand s- on- sp proke act ice fore tRelay he CCNP Treoubleshoot ing exam it hhTCP/ I P,t er, LAN, anis d tW ANwit t r ouble oo. Th DR inonI S-Cisco I S is Icalled t icket se b ased n t ern ett he w orDI k S. Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. BGP, e bI SI S, you r eally doesn' t h ave as man y Fram e Relay - specif ic issues bu t is som et hing y ou Wit h tlik his ook, can: m ay need t o supp ort . I f you ar e int er est ed in m or e det ail in t he BGP ar ea, look at I n t ern et Rou t in g Ar ch it ect ur es b y Sam Halabi ( Cisco Press) and Rou t in g TCP/ I P, Volum e I I , by Jef f Doy le Set ifuer p an d f ollow Car along it h realw or ld and Jenn DeHaven r oll w( Cisco Pr ess) . lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k BGPEst over Frame Relay I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her BGP is a loopf r eeing Ap plicat conn ect ion- or ient ed reliable EGP t hat r uns over TCP por t t r oub leshoot t ools ion an dLayer u t ilit ies 17 9. I nst ead of a single m et r ic, t here are a ser ies of at t r ibut es. BGP ru ns as EBGP bet w een aut onDiagn om ous ose syst and emtsr oublesh and as oot I BGP actwuital hin pr an oblem au t sonom by f ollow ous sy ing st em along . w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g BGP ru ns ov er v arious dat a lin ks in clu ding Fr am e Relay . Unlike t he ot her r out in g pr ot ocols, it is encapsulat Use ined st r wit u cthorin- dTCP. ev elop Som ed ep of robt he lemspecific - isolat ion issumes et hods w it h BGP t o r esolv ov er eFrTram ouble e Relay Tick et include s t he use of t he e bgp- m ult i hop com m and w hen Ex t er ior Bor der Gat ew ay Pr ot ocol ( EBGP) n eig hbor s ar e " Snif t he wect ir eed. t o Also, sp ot nwet k issuaesloop back in t he neigh bor st at em en t , use ne ig hbor not dir ect lyf" conn hw enorusing ip - a ddr ess u pda t e- sou rce loop ba ck loopback # . Net w or k st at em ent s don 't in it ialize an yt h ing Analy localarand r emyotou e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h like an I GP;zet hey e w hat ad ver t ise. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, negot iatrelat ion, ed addr and Alt houaut gho not just t o essing Fr ame, encapsulat Relay , n ex tion, - h opselfmor ande sy nchr onizat ion ar e t w o com mon ly m isu nder st ood t opics wh en d ep loy ing I BGP. I P car r ies t raf fic, b ut BGP car ries r out es—and t her e a lay er ed t rout oblesh oott ise ing amet h odology t o r bad eal- life ing andaut swit g sy st em is no App w aylyy ou w an t BGP ad ver b ad r out e. BGP r outrou es tin duce onchin om ous env iron ment s inconsist en cies and black h oles int o y our n et w or k . Desig aspir ingr ule CCNP and r) pr essionals, le labor)g uide The syned nchrfor onizat ion says notCCI t o E( use ( orofadv er t ise t ot his an ind ex tisp ernen alsab neighb a roubtuilds e learon ned Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP v ia I nt er ior Bord er Gat ew ay Pr ot ocol ( I BGP) u nt il a mat ch in g rou t e has b een lear n ed f rom an Tr ing . Full( Iof pr. act ical ex er cises atait g et y ou orrop challenges oning t he j ob, I ntoubleshoot er ior Gat ew ayexam Pr ot ocol GP) Hence, BGP m u stt hw u nt il t hr eady e I GPf p agat es r out CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealinf orm at ion across t h e aut on om ous syst em , w hich cau ses BGP t o be syn ch r onized w it h t he I GP. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. On ly t hen ar e r out es ad ded t o t h e I P r out ing t ab le. I t is pr act ical t o t u rn of f sy nchr on izat ion w hen all r ou t er s w it hin an aut on omou s syst em ar e r un ning fu ll- m esh I BGP, wh ich is d esigned t o CCNP St ud ootou in gs sy p r st ovides ou wher it h pau ract ical inf mat ion wh on en all an t h ot e her pr opagPratact e rical out es w ities: hin Tr anoublesh aut onom em t oy anot t onom ousorsy st em im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

I GP is not b ein g u sed. You can r elat e syn ch ron izat ion on ( t h e defau lt ) t o being an appr ent ice at som et hing. For exam ple, I am alw ays lear ning or t eaching new t op ics. Wh en I t each a class for t he f ir st t im e, it is helpf ul t o hav e som eon e con fir m w hat I am t alk ing abou t or ch eck m y w or k. When I hav e som e ex per ien ce t eachin g a t opic, how ev er , I no lon ger need som eon e t o con fir m w hat I alr ead y k now ; t his is t he st ag e sim ilar t o w hen y ou w ould t ur n sy nch ron izat ion of f in BGP. •

of Content s I n Figur e 8- 1 1Table b ot h r1 an d r 2 should hav e no sy nchr oniz a t ion in t h eir r out er conf igur at ions. •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Figu r e 8 - 1 1 . BGP Ne xt -H op- Se lf a nd Sy n chr on iz at ion Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Figur e 8- 1 1 also illust r at es t he next - h op- self concept . r1 has bot h EBGP and I BGP n eig hbor s. WhenDiagn r 1 p asses along an ext er nally n ed r outseby t o f it s inting er nal neigwhbor r2 ,hitor-ofpfer s r 2 t he ose and t r oublesh oot act ulear al pr oblem ollow along it h aut r ovided conv en ien ce of g oing t hr oug h r 1 t o g et t o t he ex t er n al syst em . The com m and is alw ays Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g conf ig ur ed on t he rou t er w it h an int er face in EBGP and I BGP, an d in Figur e 8- 1 1 t hat is r1 . This com man ner uigcthbor r 2ipadd ne lem x t - hop - sel f) m does not treplace or stetatsem ent ; it is Usedin( st or - d ev elop edress p rob - isolat ion et hods o r esolvteh eTrneighb ouble Tick an addit ion al st at ement . " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Rem em b er BGP is an EGP and ev er y chang e y ou m ak e eff ect s n ot on ly you bu t also y our peer s. Analy ze local and e access pr oblem s in Et et netor. w orAlt ks, in cludf ine ing in issues Wit h any BGP chang es, ryem ouotnor m ally need t o reset t hhern e neighb h ough a labw it h cabling, sp eed du*plex t ilizat ion ent andalcollisions, on ek, env iron ment , cle ar i pand bgp can, ube d et rim t o y ou andb andw w homidt evh,erCSMA/ y ou arCD, e p eer ingw ay w it lin h in aut oapplicat negot iat ion,Soaddr , encapsulat e pr act ical ion. alwessing ays r eplace t he * ion, w it h and t h e mor neighbor 's I P addr ess, ot h er w ise you m ay fin d ou t v ery quick ly mor e t h an y ou ever w ant ed t o kn ow abou t n et w or k inst abilit y an d ser vice App rlyout a elay er eden t rou blesh ing met dam h odology life ingv ice andp swit chincan g supp ress pr ov ider d amp in g. I n aoot n ut shell, peningt oisr ealwh er e trou h e tser r ovider env iron ment s y our r out es accor ding t o t he crit er ia w it hin t he bg p d am pe ni ng ? com m and. I n 1 2. 0 cod e and abov e, soft r eset s w er e in t rod uced if y our n eigh bor sup por t s t h em . Ref er t o t h e I OS r elease Desig aspir CCNP and CCI E( not es ned f or "for BGP Softing Reset Enh ancem entr). "pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing . Full act ical ex erarios, cises tyhou at greally et y ou t het hings j ob, Just as y ou ex perexam ienced in t hofe pr chapt er scen dor eady need ftor o tchallenges hink about on how CCNP Pror actd ical ud ies: ootwinillg exp g ives y ou e oving er tthe pet itrion hr ough r ealw or k in er t oStsupp ortTrt houblesh em . You er im en tan w itedg h r unn he com v ar ious outting p rot ocols w or plicat ion of and t op ov erldFrap am e Relay in LAN t he Tr oubWAN le Tick etics. s. Obv iously Lay er 3 and abov e r out ing pr ot ocols st ill depend on Lay er 2 and Lay er 1. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im ant tcon cen ralandt o tconq h e t ruer oubleshoot ingon por t ion of t he CCNP in g Youpor mtust ak ecep t h et sdiv idteapp roach t he WAN. Half t h e cer batttificat le is ion, d et erinclud m ining

w het her it is you r issu e or a ser vice pr ov ider issue; t hen you can wor k y our w ay up t he lay ers. I f y ou g et LMI bu t not y our ot h er DLCI s, f or inst ance, y ou d on' t h ave m u ch choice but t o con t act t he ser vice pr ov ider so t h at t h ey can per for m som e r em ot e loop back t est in g.

Frame Relay Loopback Testing •Loop back t est Table of h Content s d ef ine t h e ex t ent of WAN p rob lem s in gener al. Your p rov ider w ill s can elp y ou •cer t ainly b e hap I ndex py and pr ob ably m ore willing t o assist if y ou h ave alr eady v erif ied y our side of CCNP P ra cti caleSt8udi es:sh Trows oublefour shootdiff inger ent t hin gs. Figur 12

loopback t est s. Dependin g on y our ex act equip ment , yByou can L.fam ize you rself wit h t h e appr op riat e loop back com m and s and m enus. Donna Hariliar rington Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Figu r e 8 - 1 2 . Loopb ack Test i ng

Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g The show i nt e rf aces s0 com m and show s t he loop ed st at u s and how t he k eep aliv es con t inue t o env iron ment s incr em ent . Use an ex t end ed pin g t o v er ify t he dat a pat t er n and size t o t est con nect iv it y up t o t he CSU/ DSU. I f t he p in gs ar e n ot at least 80- p er cen t successfu l, t he pr oblem is phy sical in n at ur e Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on bet w een t h e local rou t er and CSU/ DSU as in Figur e 8- 1 2( A) . Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Figur e 8- 1 2( B) sh ow s a local loopb ack t est t o t est conn ect iv it y t hr oug h t he local CSU/ DSU. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealFigur e 8- 1 2 is a r em ot e loop back t hr oug h t he local CSU/ DSU an d u p t o t he rem ot e CSU/ DSU. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Pr oblems here in dicat e issues in t he cloud . Figur e 8- 1 2 is an ex t er n al loopback , w hich cou ld indicat e a pr oblem w it h t he r emot e CSU/ DSU. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Keep in m in d t hat t iming is im por t ant in t r oublesh oot ing as w ell. While y ou ar e t est ing t hing s out , t he serv ice pr ov id er m ay hav e already cau ght and fix ed t he pr oblem . So don' t b e t oo st um ped w hen y ou go t hr oug h all of t his and t h en t he dat a lin k is up as it sh ould h ave been in t he fir st place. What I am say ing is t hat it d oesn' t h ur t t o r ep eat com man ds t h at y ou st art ed w it h in t he f irst place. Regar dless of t he loop back t est in g t y pe, t he best com m and you can r un w hile t est ing is an ext end ed p in g wh ile you m onit or y our ser ial int er face w it h a com man d su ch as show i nt e rf aces • Table of Content s s0 . To get t h e ext end ed p in g com m ands, j ust t yp e pi ng f r om pr iv ilege m od e and m ake y our • I ndex select ions. For exam ple, y ou cou ld set t h e r ep eat count t o 1 00, t he d at agr am size t o 1 500 , and CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing v ary t he d at a pat t er n. The d ef ault d at a p at t ern is 0 xab cd . Tr y t he f ollowin g d at a p at t ern s t o h elp By Donna L. HarDSU rington det ect CSU/ or cab le issues: 0x 00 00, 0x 111 1, 0 xaaaa, and 0x ff ff . Ex t ended ping w as int r odu ced back in Ch apt er 2, " Wh at 's in You r Tool Bag. " Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 NO TE

Rem em b er t o r est or e y our rou t er back t o it s orig in al set t in g aft er t h e loopback t est s. I t is also a good idea t o car r y a " har d" loop back plug in you r t ool b ag t o r oun d ou t t h e possible t est s. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. The aptberook, scenar exp osed y ou t o supp or t in g Fr am e Relay by t aking a layer ed pr act ical Wit hch t his youios can: m et hodical app r oach j ust as t h e ot her chap t er s d id. Mak e sur e y ou sav e all conf igur at ions and r ep eat any st eps in w hich you n eed m ore p r act ice. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or On ce w agit ain houtit tis h et im acteual for equip t he chapt menter Trou ble Tick et s. The p lan h er e is t o giv e y ou sev er al t h ings t o do, let y ou m ake m ist ak es an d fix som e t hing s on you r ow n, an d t o int r odu ce ot her pr oblem s baseline mentw yitour logical n et w or k t hat yEst ou ablish sh oulda hav e som and e ex docu perience h asph a ysical su pporand t person. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Tickets Com plet e t h e follow ing Tr ouble Ticket s in or der . Use t h e inf orm at ion and t ools f rom t his chap t er and t h e pr ev ious ch apt ers t o an aly ze, t est , and docum ent as y ou go. Feel fr ee t o cr eat e you r ow n Phy sical Layer or ot her pr oblem s if you need mor e p ract ice in t hat area. I wan t y ou t o shoot •t he t rou bles of Table of Content s pr ot ocols ov er Fr am e Relay t o m ak e t h in gs a lit t le mor e r ealist ic t o using r out ing •t he pr act ical Ienv ndexir onm en t . Feel fr ee t o chan ge t h e rou t ing pr ot ocol t o w hat y ou act ually use t o CCNP ra cti cal St udi es: specif Tr ouble ing r need s. As alw ays, sam ple solut ions are p r ovided aft er t his t r oubPleshoot issues icshoot t o you sect ion. L. Har rington By Donna Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Trouble Pub Dat e: Ticket April 0 4, 201 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Con figu re an Pages: 84d0 t rou blesh oot BGP ov er Fr am e Relay using Figur e 8- 1 3 as a gu ide. Con t in ue w it h t he mu lt ipoint su bint er faces t opology back in Figur e 8- 1 0. Ju st add t h e addit ional point - t o- point PVC and config ur e BGP t o allow com mu nicat ion am ong all sit es. Docum ent t he issu es and sav e all conf igur at ion ch anges. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Figu r e 8 - 1 3 . Tr oub le Tick et 1 : BG P ove r Fr am e

Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Trouble Ticket 2 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCon figu an d ion t rouofblesh Fr ame Relay usin g t he sam e ph ysical layou t as in Figur e w or ld apreplicat LANoot andOSPF WANover t op ics. 8- 1 3. You hav e t h e r eq uir em ent t o u se d ef ault or st at ic r out es bet w een r 1 and r 5. Add at least one loop back rouTrt er t o simoot ulat iple nyet sav e all CCNP Pr act icalt oSteach ud ies: oublesh in eg m p rult ovides ouwor w itk s. h pDocum ract icalent infand or mat ion on issues all t h eand conf ig tur at ion anges. im por ant con ch cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 3 Alt ern at ively , you could hav e conf ig ur ed t h e ip ospf ne t w ork poin t - t o- m u lt i poin t in t er f ace com man d in st ead of m anually conf igur ing t he n eig hbor st at em ent s in t he pr eceding Tr ouble Ticket . Giv e it a t r y . •

Table of Content s

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 4 Shu t d own t h e int er faces on t he fr am e sw it ch an d ob ser v e t he r esu lt s on t he ot h er rou t ers.

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Table of Content s

Trouble Ticket 5 • I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Som et im es SPs m ay m ix up t h e DLCI s for t h e PVCs. Per haps t hey gav e y ou t h e r ight infor m at ion By Donna L. Har rington t his t im e, b ut t hey incorr ect ly did t heir m apping on t he fr am e swit ch. Today y ou are t he serv ice pr ov ider, and I w ant you t o sim u lat e t his scen ario by r out in g w h at com es in t h e r 3 int er f ace s0/ 1 Pub lish1 er: as DLCI 02Cisco outPress t he s0/ 0 int er face as D LCI 101 . Obser ve t he r esult s, b ut be sur e t o fix t h e Pub Dat e: April 4, 20m 03 ov e on t o t h e next Tr ouble Tick et . pr oblem b ef ore 0you I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Trouble Ticket 6 Tur n on Fr am e Relay com pr ession f or one en d of t h e PVC bet w een r 1 an d r5 . Docum ent t he r esult s. Fix t h e issues w it hou t t u rn ing com p ression of f. Th en t u rn com pr ession off and m ak e su r e Hand onillpr ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t hin gss-st wact or k. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket Solutions These solu t ions ar e not alw ays t he on ly way t o p er for m t hese t ask s. Com par e y our result s.

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Table of Content s

Trouble Ticket 1 Solution • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

First con nect t he phy sical cab le bet w een r5 an d t h e fr am e sw it ch . Then config ur e t he f r ame sw it ch By Donna L. Har rington t o hand le t he new PVC, and t h en r 1 and r 5 as in Ex am ple 8- 33. Pub lish er: Cisco Press 03 ExaPub mDat ple:e April 8 - 30 4,3 20 . Con f igu r in g t he Fr am e Sw it ch, r 1 , a nd r 5 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

!!!frame switch configuration for new PVC frame-switch#configure terminal Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble frame-switch(config)#interface t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Trs0/3 oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: frame-switch(config-if)#bandwidth 64 frame-switch(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment frame frame-switch(config-if)#encap Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and frame-switch(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dcelogical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her frame-switch(config-if)#frame route 101 interface s0/0 105 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies frame-switch(config-if)#no Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot shut act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g frame-switch(config-if)#end Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s frame-switch#copy running-config startup-config " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es !!!r1 configuration for point-to-point PVC 105 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1#configure cabling, spterminal eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config)#interface s0.105 p App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1(config-subif)#bandwidth 64 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.8.5 255.255.255.252 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr actinterface-dlci ical ex er cises t h at105 g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1(config-subif)#frame-relay CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-fr-dlci)#no shut CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1(config-if)#end im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#copy running-config startup-config !!!r5 configuration for point-to-point PVC 101 Router#configure terminal Router(config)#hostname r5 •

Table of Content s

r5(config)#interface s0 • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r5(config-if)#encap frame By Donna L. Har rington

r5(config-if)#interface s0.101 p Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r5(config-subif)#bandwidth 64 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r5(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.8.6 255.255.255.252 Pages: 84 0 r5(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 101 r5(config-fr-dlci)#exit Hand s- on pr act ice forshut t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r5(config-if)#no t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r5(config-if)#end Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Then ping t o t est t he n ew con figu r at ion . Becau se ping should be u nsuccessful at t h is point , I do not show t h e out p ut . Contand inu edocu you rment t est iny our g asph inysical Ex am and ple 834. n et w or k Est ablish a baseline logical I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub t oolsck anin dg u t tilithe ies I nt er f a ces for r 5 an d r 1 Exa m pl eleshoot 8 - 3 4ing . Che Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r5#show ip interface brief Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp otIP-Address n et w or k issu es

OK? Method Status

Protocol

BRI0 Analy ze local and r em ot unassigned administratively down w down e access pr oblem sYES in Etunset hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, BRI0:1 unassigned YESand unset aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, mor e administratively down down BRI0:2 unassigned YES tunset administratively down App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g down env iron ment s Ethernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t opYES ics tunset hat p r epadministratively are y ou for t he CCNP Serial0 unassigned down down Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives yYES ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSerial0.101 172.16.8.6 manual down down w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Serial1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con t s cen t ral t o t13 h e 2002 t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g r5#clock setcep 6:38:00 Dec

r5#configure terminal r5(config)#service timestamps debug datetime localtime msec r5(config)#service timestamps log datetime localtime msec r5(config)#enable secret donna •

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r5(config)#line vty 0 4

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington r5(config-line)#password donna

r5(config-line)#exit Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r5(config)#line console 0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r5(config-line)#logging synchronous r5(config-line)#exit r5(config)#interface s0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r5(config-if)#no shut Wit h t his b ook, you can: r5(config-if)#end r5#copy running-config startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1#show ip interface brief I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ethernet0 down down Diagn ose and t r oubleshunassigned oot act u al pr oblemYES s by unset f ollow ingadministratively along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ethernet1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Serial0 unassigned YES unset up up " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Serial0.100 192.168.8.1 YES manual up up Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and YES collisions, b andw ay lin k, Serial0.105 172.16.8.5 manual downidt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- wdown aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Serial1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1#configure terminal Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1(config)#interface s0 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1(config-if)#no shut CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 13 18:40:51.930: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0.105, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e state im changed por t ant con cep t s to cenup t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 13 18:40:51.938: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Interface Serial0 - DLCI 105 state changed to ACTIVE Dec 13 18:41:01.346: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Interface Serial0 - DLCI 105 state changed to DELETED •

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Dec 13 18:41:01.346: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0.105, • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

changed state to down

By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config-if)#end Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 r1#copy running-config startup-config I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Alt hou gh you br ou ght t he ad m in ist r at iv ely d ow n in t er f ace up, t he DLCI is st ill in a delet ed st at e. Look at t h e rou t ers and t he f r ame sw it ch in Ex am ple 8- 35 t o det er min e t he p rob lem . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Exa m pl e 8 - 3 5 . Tr oub le sh oot in g r 1 , r 5 , an d t he Fr a me Sw it ch Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Set urun p aninterface d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1#show s0.105 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ...

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

interface Serial0.105 point-to-point I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies bandwidth 64 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ip address 255.255.255.252 Cat aly st ( r172.16.8.5 ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g no ip Usedirected-broadcast in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s frame-relay 105 " Snif f" t he interface-dlci w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es end Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o frame-relay negot iat ion, addr r1#show mapessing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed tip rou192.168.8.2 blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Serial0.100 (up): dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static, env iron ment s broadcast, Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) active t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP CISCO, status defined, Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical (up): St ud ies: oublesh oot in gdlci g ives104(0x68,0x1880), y ou an edg e ov er t hestatic, com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSerial0.100 ipTr192.168.8.4 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. broadcast, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

CISCO, status defined, active Serial0.105 (down): point-to-point dlci, dlci 105(0x69,0x1890), broadcast status deleted r5#show frame-relay map •

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Serial0.101 (down): point-to-point dlci, dlci 101(0x65,0x1850), broadcast CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

status defined, inactive

By Donna L. Har rington

frameswitch>show frame-relay route Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Input Intf Input Dlci Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Output Intf

Output Dlci

Status

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

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Hand s- on pr act ice for ing exam w it104 h TCP/ I P, LAN, an dactive W AN t r ouble Serial0/2 101t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot Serial0/0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial0/3 101 Serial0/0 105 inactive Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Hopefu lly , y ou see t hat y ou hav e a missin g rou t e st at ement fr om t he f ram e sw it ch, b ut h ow did y ou k Est nowablish w hatat obaseline look f or? I nst eadment of look ing ph atysical t he r unn con figu ion and docu y our anding logical n etrat w or k , y ou can check st at uses: A g ood in dicat ion of t h is issue is t he delet ed st at u s for D LCI 105 as w ell as t h e ot her end of t heI dent PVC ifbyeing inact ivoot e. ing Fix t ar hese ing,Ext ram plesh8-ow 36. t r oublesh get issues s usingas pin ace, , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn r oubleshgoot act uMali ssi pr oblem s by ing talong w item h aut Exa m pl eose 8 - and 3 6 . t Addin t he ng Fr a mf ollow e Rou e St at e hntor- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s frame-switch#configure terminal " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es frame-switch(config)#interface Analy ze local and r em ot e accesss0/0 pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, frame-switch(config-if)#frame route 105 interface aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e s0/3 101 frame-switch(config-if)#no shut App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s frame-switch(config-if)# Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 4d05h: Interface - pDLCI 105 Cisco( r) %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI Serial0/0 T) t op ics t hat r ep are y oustate for t hechanged CCNP to ACTIVE Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 4d05h: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Interface Serial0/3 - DLCI 101 to ACTIVE CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t hestate com petchanged it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. frame-switch(config-if)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g frame-switch#copy running-config startup-config

Now t h at ev er y t hing ap pears t o be con figu red pr oper ly , show t he I n ver se ARP t ab les on each dev ice an d ver if y connect iv it y as in Ex am ple 8- 37. •

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Exa m pl e 8I ndex - 3 7 . Test i ng t h e Ne w PVC • CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r1#show frame-relay map Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Serial0.100 Pub Dat e: April(up): 0 4, 20 03ip 192.168.8.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static, I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active

Serial0.100 (up): ip 192.168.8.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble broadcast, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. CISCO, status defined, active Wit h t his b ook, you can: Serial0.105 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 105(0x69,0x1890), broadcast Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or defined, active w it houtstatus t h e act ual equip ment r2#show frame-relay Est ablish a baselinemap and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Serial0.101 I dent if y t (up): r oublesh ip oot192.168.8.1 ing t ar get s using dlcipin101(0x65,0x1850), g, t r ace, sh ow , clear ,dynamic, debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies broadcast,, status defined, active Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r route ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g frame-switch#show frame-relay in st r u ct or -Input d ev elop ed p rob lemOutput - isolat ion m et hods Output t o r esolvDlci e Tr ouble Tick et s InputUse Intf Dlci Intf Status " Snif f" t he w ir 102 e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Serial0/0 Serial0/1

101

active

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Serial0/0 104 Serial0/2 101 active cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Serial0/0 105 Serial0/3 101 active App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Serial0/1 Serial0/0 102 active env iron ment s 101 Serial0/2 101CCNP and CCI E( r) Serial0/0 104 Desig ned for aspir ing pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab active g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Serial0/3 101. Full of pr act icalSerial0/0 active Tr oubleshoot ing exam ex er cises t h at g et 105 y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr4#show frame-relay w or ld ap plicat ion of LANmap and WAN t op ics. Serial0/0.101 ipoublesh 192.168.8.1 101(0x65,0x1850), CCNP Pr act ical St(up): ud ies: Tr oot in g p rdlci ovides y ou w it h p ract ical infdynamic, or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

broadcast,, status defined, active r5#show frame-relay map Serial0.101 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 101(0x65,0x1850), broadcast status defined, active •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna Har rington Act ive isL.t he st at us

you w ant ed t o b eg in w it h on t he f r am e sw it ch and all t he rou t ers. Comp are t he fin dings in t h e pr ecedin g ex amp le t o y our dr aw in g. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

SavPub e you ur20 at03 ions an d m ov e up t h e st ack t o w or k on t he r out in g p r ot ocol. Conf ig ur e BGP as Datre:conf April ig 0 4, in Ex amI SBN: ple 838. r 1 should adv ert ise t h e 192 .1 68. 8 .0 net w or k t o t he ot h er AS. r 2 an d r4 should 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 be con figur ed su ch t h at t h ey use r 1 t o get t o r 5. Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 8 - 3 8 . Con f igu r in g B GP ove r Fr a m e Re la y Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(config)#router bgp 65520 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-router)#network 192.168.8.0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.2 remote-as 65520 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.4 remote-as 65520 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u 172.16.8.6 t ilit ies r1(config-router)#neighbor remote-as 65525 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.2 next-hop-self Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.4 next-hop-self " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r1(config-router)#no synchronization aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config-router)#end App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1#copy running-config startup-config Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r2#configure terminal CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2(config)#router bgp 65520 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r2(config-router)#neighbor remote-as im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e192.168.8.1 t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of65520 t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2(config-router)#end r2#copy running-config startup-config

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•r4(config)#router I ndex bgp 6520 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r4(config-router)#router bgp 65520 By Donna L. Har rington BGPPub is already running; AS is 6520 lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

!!!oops I made a typo I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 r4(config)#no router bgp 6520

r4(config)#router bgp 65520 r4(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.1 remote-as 65520 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r4(config-router)#end t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his brunning-config r4#copy ook, you can: startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h eterminal act ual equip ment r5#configure Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r5(config)#router bgp and 65525 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r5(config-router)#neighbor 172.16.8.5 remote-as 65520 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5(config-router)#end Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r5#copy running-config startup-config Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ze up local r em ot e access pr oblem in Act Et hern ks, w inay clud issues w itt hat h wh ile WhileAnaly set t ing t heand BGP p rocess, I m ade a t ypso. uallyetit net is aw or good t oing pr ove t hat eed and( su duch plex u t ilizatand ion EI and collisions, andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay linrk, ot her cabling, r out in g sp pr ot ocols as, OSPF GRP) w ill r unbm ult iple pr ocesses, BGP w ill only un a o negotI iat essing , encapsulat ion,. 8. and mor e w it h out t he m ask st at em ent singleaut p rocess. t ision, fineaddr t o ad ver t ise t he 19 2. 168 0 net w ork because it is on t h e class b ound ary , an d t he m anual neighb or st at em ent s are n ecessar y b ecause App a lay er ed t rou blesh ingic. met odology t o Figur r eal-elife andt wswit chin gp eer s absolut elyly not h ing in BGP is autoot omat I nh lookin g at 8- 1rou 3, tring 1 has o I BGP env iron ment s ( neigh bor s) and one EBGP peer ( neig hbor ) . Th e ne x t - hop - sel f st at em ent is need ed f or t he I BGP peer t o use r1 t o get t o t h e ot her AS b ecause r 1 has an int er face in bot h au t onom ous sy st em s. On Desig and pr CCI E( r) and pr of essionals, ind le laburged uide t he spned oke for r ouaspir t er s, ing onlyCCNP t he BGP ocess n eigh bor stt his at em enisp t sen arsab e config . b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam Full actam ical er39. cises g et or y ou r eady on t he Perf or m t he neig hbor t. est ingofinprEx pleex8Wht hatatTCP BGP st atfeorarchallenges e t he neig hbor s inj ob, ? Ar e Pr act in ical Stef udixes? ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealtCCNP hey r eceiv g pr w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Exa m pl e 8 - 3 9 . I den t i fy in g BGP N ei ghb or s im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#show ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 192.168.8.1, local AS number 65520 BGP table version is 2, main routing table version 2 •

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1 and 1 paths using 121 bytes of memory • network entries I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

1 BGP path attribute entries using 96 bytes of memory By Donna L. Har rington

BGP activity 1/0 prefixes, 1/0 paths Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

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192.168.8.2

4 65520

7

8

2

0

0 00:04:19

0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 192.168.8.4 4 65520 6 7 2 0 0 00:03:42 0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: The show Set uipp an b gp d f ollow su m malong a ry com w it hmrealand w is or anld ex lab cellent scenar w ios ay taligned o BGP stt oateach ist ics ex and amyou t opr ic, neighb w it h ors. or Any nwum it hout ber , tincluding h e act ual0equip in t he ment St at e/ Pf xRcd colum n, in dicat es t hat t he neigh bor s ar e r ead y t o r eceive pr ef ixes. Thu s t hey hav e com plet ed b ot h t he TCP and BGP session s. I n vest igat e t h e TCP Est ablish a sbaseline docu our8-ph ysical and logical n et w or k and BGP session a lit t le fand ur t her in ment Ex am yple 40. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Exa m pl e 8 - 4 0 . Di spla yi ng t h e TCP a n d BGP Se ssion s

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1#debug Use inip st r ubgp ct or -events d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s BGP events debugging " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spis ot non et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r1#configure terminal cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr r1(config)#interface s0essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1(config-if)#shut env iron ment s r1(config-if)#no shut Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) 20:01:06.813: I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op icsLine t hat pprotocol r ep are y ouon forInterface t he CCNP Serial0.100, Dec 13 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St udto ies:down Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealchanged state w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 13 20:01:06.817: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0.105, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

changed state to down Dec 13 20:01:07.065: BGP: 172.16.8.6 reset requested Dec 13 20:01:07.065: BGP: 172.16.8.6 reset due to Interface flap Dec 13 20:01:07.069: BGP: 172.16.8.6 went from Established to Idle •

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version 3, starting at 0.0.0.0

By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 13 20:01:08.309: BGP: 192.168.8.2 update run completed, ran for 0ms, neighbor Pub lish er: Cisco Press

version 2, 0start Pub Dat e: April 4, 20 03 version 3, throttled to 3, check point net 0.0.0.0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 13 20:01:08.313: BGP: 192.168.8.4 computing updates, neighbor version 2, table Pages: 84 0

version 3, starting at 0.0.0.0 Dec 13 20:01:08.317: BGP: 192.168.8.4 update run completed, ran for 0ms, neighbor Hand s- on pr2, act ice for tversion he CCNP Tr ing to exam it h TCP/ I P, LAN, d W AN t r ouble version start 3,oubleshoot throttled 3, w check point net an 0.0.0.0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 13 20:01:08.809: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0.100, Wit h t his b ook, you can: changed state to up Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 13 20:01:08.813: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0.105, w it hout t h e act ual equip ment changed state to up and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline Dec 13 20:01:12.837: 192.168.8.4 neighbor 3, table I dent if y t r oublesh ootBGP: ing t ar get s using pincomputing g, t r ace, shupdates, ow , clear , debu g, an dversion ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies version 4, starting at 0.0.0.0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 13 BGP: I 192.168.8.4 runinp completed, ran loggin for 0ms, neighbor Cat20:01:12.841: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco OS( r ) Sof t w ar eupdate com m and ut , ou t put , and g Use in st3, r u ct or - d evversion elop ed p rob - isolat ionto m et hods t o r esolv e Trnet ouble Tick et s version start 4, lem throttled 4, check point 0.0.0.0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spBGP: ot n et192.168.8.2 w or k issu es computing updates, neighbor version 3, table Dec 13 20:01:13.945: Analy ze4,local and r emat ot e0.0.0.0 access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h version starting cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 20:01:13.949: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulatupdate ion, and run mor ecompleted, ran for 0ms, neighbor Dec 13 BGP: 192.168.8.2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g version 3, start version 4, throttled to 4, check point net 0.0.0.0 env iron ment s Dec 13 20:01:27.845: BGP: 172.16.8.6 went from Idle to Active Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 13 20:01:40.749: BGP: scanning routing tables Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec 13 20:01:55.969: BGP: 172.16.8.6 went from Active to OpenSent w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 20:01:56.581: 172.16.8.6 went yfrom OpenConfirm CCNP13 Pr act ical St ud ies: TrBGP: oublesh oot in g p r ovides ou w itOpenSent h p ract icalto inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 13 20:01:56.817: BGP: 172.16.8.6 went from OpenConfirm to Established Dec 13 20:01:56.921: BGP: 172.16.8.6 computing updates, neighbor version 0, table version 4, starting at 0.0.0.0 Dec 13 20:01:56.925: BGP: 172.16.8.6 update run completed, ran for 0ms, neighbor • •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(config-if)#end By Donna L. Har rington

r1#undebug all Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1#copy running-config startup-config Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Alt hou gh t her e are ot her com man ds, I f ind show i p b gp su m m a ry t o be a v er y v aluable t ool. I t not only enab les y ou t o see t he neig hbor relat ionship, if t here ar e p rob lem s it sh ow s t he act u al TCP or BGP st at e you ar e in w it h each neighbor . The fir st t hr ee st at es ar e TCP connect ions an d t h e Hand on ar pr eact ice for t he CCNP ingbexam w it Pr h TCP/ I P, Land LAN, . an d W AN t r ouble last t hs-ree BGP connect ions wTr it houbleshoot est ablished ein g t he om ised t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO TE Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w itiv hout t hnds e actg ual equip ment Act e sou ood—and it is, wh en y ou are t alking DLCI s in Fr am e Relay —but in BGP r out ing , it m eans t he TCP session is n ot y et est ablish ed , as in " act ively t r y in g. " Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies You can v ery quickly look at t h e St at e/ Pfx Rcd colum n t o ch eck BGP neighb or issu es. Nu mb er s m eanDiagn y ou ar e receiv pr efixoot es; act w ord moblem ean y ou st u ck an ot her at e hf oror som e r eason. I f ose and t ring oublesh u alspr s byare f ollow inginalong w it hst aut p r ovided y ou dCat o ev er y t hing r ight t he fir st t im e, it is h ard t o lear n fr om y our mist ak es, b ut t he aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g de bug i p bg p e v en t s com m and clear ly show s y ou t he st eps a neig hbor goes t hr oug h. Th e show i p b gp ne ig hbor es you ics- isolat aboution t hemnet eig hbort oand displays t he est Use incom st r um ctand or - dgiv ev elop ed pspecif rob lem hods r esolv e Tr ouble Tickablish et s ed st at e. I t also t ells you w het h er t he neigh bor is int er nal or ex t er nal. Com par e t he out p ut of show i p b gp sum m a r yf"int he Ex am show p b gp " Snif w irple e t o8-sp39 ot t no et w or k iissu es ne igh bors in Ex am ple 8- 41. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, duin plex u t ilizat ion and collisions, Exa m pl e 8 sp - 4eed 1 . and Vi ew g ,You r BGP Ne igh bor bsandw on ridt 1 h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1#show ip bgp neighbors Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on BGP neighbor is 172.16.8.6, remote AS 65525, external link Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Index 2, Offset 0, Mask 0x4 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. BGP version 4, remote router ID 172.16.8.6 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e state = Established, version 4,t ion up offor im BGP por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h etable t r oubleshoot ing =por t he 00:15:16 CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Last read 00:00:16, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds Minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds Received 31 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue Sent 33 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue • •

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Prefix advertised 2, suppressed 0, withdrawn 0 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Connections established 2; dropped 1

By Donna L. Har rington

Last reset 00:16:06, due to Interface flap Pub lish er: Cisco Press Dat e: April 0prefixes 4, 20 03 0Pub accepted consume 0 bytes I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

0 history Pages: 84 0 paths consume 0 bytes Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0 Local host: 172.16.8.5, Local port: 11005 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Foreign host: 172.16.8.6, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et wForeign or k Tr oubport: leshoot179 in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0 mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ablish a(current baseline and docu y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k EventEstTimers time isment 0xC4A3DA8): oot ing tWakeups ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her TimerI dent if y t r oublesh Starts Next t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Retrans 20 0 0x0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and 0Cisco I OS( r ) 0Sof t w ar e com m and TimeWait 0x0inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s AckHold 18 13 0x0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es SendWnd 0 0

0x0

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h KeepAlive 0 ion and collisions, 0x0 b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed and 0du plex , u t ilizat aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e GiveUp 0 0 0x0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g PmtuAger 0 0 0x0 env iron ment s DeadWait Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP 0 and CCI E(0r) pr of essionals,0x0 t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld 3426000199 iss: ap plicat ion of LAN snduna: and WAN 3426000604 t op ics. sndnxt: 3426000604 sndwnd: 15980 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p 16032 ract ical inf or mat ion on all352 the irs: 2443213131 rcvnxt: 2443213484 rcvwnd: delrcvwnd: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

SRTT: 487 ms, RTTO: 3830 ms, RTV: 1428 ms, KRTT: 0 ms minRTT: 40 ms, maxRTT: 300 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms Flags: higher precedence, nagle •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Datagrams (max data segment is 1460 bytes): By Donna L. Har rington

Rcvd: 25 (out of order: 0), with data: 18, total data bytes: 352 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Sent: 34e: (retransmit: 0), with data: 19, total data bytes: 404 Pub Dat April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

!!!The rest of the neighbors are IBGP peers Pages: 84 0

BGP neighbor is 192.168.8.2,

remote AS 65520, internal link

Index 1, Offset 0, Mask 0x2 Hand s- on pr act for t hethis CCNProuter Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble NEXT_HOP isice always t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.8.2 Wit h t his b ook, you can: BGP state = Established, table version = 4, up for 00:27:58 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Last read 00:00:59, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Minimum time between advertisement runs is 5 seconds Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Received messages, notifications, in queue I dent if y 30 t r oublesh oot ing0t ar get s using pin g, 0 t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Sent 33 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Prefix suppressed Cat alyadvertised st ( r ) OS and 2, Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t0, w arwithdrawn e com m and1inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Connections Use in st r u ctestablished or - d ev elop ed p1; robdropped lem - isolat0ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he never w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Last reset Analy ze local and r emconsume ot e access oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 0 accepted prefixes 0 pr bytes cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion,consume addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 0 history paths 0 bytes App ly a state lay er edis t rou blesh oot ing status: met h odology t o r eal- life rou tbytes: ing and 0 swit chin g Connection ESTAB, I/O 1, unread input env iron ment s Local host: 192.168.8.1, Local port: 179 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Foreign host: 192.168.8.2, Foreign port: 11000 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal... w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. BGP neighbor is 192.168.8.4, remote AS 65520, internal link CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Index 3, Offset 0, Mask 0x8 NEXT_HOP is always this router BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.8.4 BGP state = Established, table version = 4, up for 00:27:26 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Not Pub e t hlish ater:t hCisco e outPress p ut of show i p b gp ne igh bors p r esent s y ou w it h m u ch m or e det ail t han show ip bPub gpDat sue:mApril m a0ry For 4, .20 03 ex amp le, it clear ly show s t he neig hbor is in t h e est ab lish ed st at e and w het her t h e1-peer I BGP ( int er nal) or EBGP ( ext er nal) . Cont inu e t o v er if y y our n eigh bor s f rom t he I SBN: 58 720 is -0 57 -0 spok e Pages: per sp84 ect iv e in Ex am ple 8- 42. 0

Exa m pl e 8 - 4 2 . Vi ew in g You r BGP Ne igh bor s on r 2 , r 4 , a nd r 5 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2#show ip bgp summary Wit h t his b ook, you can: BGP router identifier 192.168.8.2, local AS number 65520 BGP table 4, main routing version 4 Set u p version an d f ollowisalong w it h realw or ld table lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 1 network entries and 1 paths using 121 bytes of memory Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 1 BGP path attribute entries using 96 bytes of memory I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ingprefixes, t ools an d u 2/1 t ilit ies BGP activity 1/0 paths Diagn ose and Vt r oublesh oot act u alMsgSent pr oblem s by f ollow ingInQ along w itUp/Down h aut h or- p State/PfxRcd r ovided Neighbor AS MsgRcvd TblVer OutQ Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 192.168.8.1 4 65520 43 40 4 0 0 00:37:21 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

1

r4#show ip bgp summary " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es BGP table 6,otmain routing table 6 w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy zeversion local andisr em e access pr oblem s in Etversion hern et net cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 1 network entries paths) using 208 bytes of ememory aut o negot iat ion,(1/3 addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor 1 BGPApp path using bytes ly a attribute lay er ed t rouentries blesh oot ing met h104 odology t o rof eal-memory life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 0 BGP r)filter-list entries 0 bytes memory Cisco( I nt er net w ork cache Trou bleshoot in g using ( CI T) t op ics t hat of p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Neighbor MsgRcvd InQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd CCNP Pr act ical St udVies: TrAS oublesh oot in MsgSent g g ives y ou TblVer an edg e ov er tOutQ he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 192.168.8.1 4 65520 43 40 6 0 0 00:37:07 1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t hworks e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g !!!the following shortcut too

r5#sh ip bgp sum BGP router identifier 172.16.8.6, local AS number 65525 BGP table version is 4, main routing table version 4 1 network entries and 1 paths using 121 bytes of memory •

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•1 BGP path I attribute ndex entries using 144 bytes of memory CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna BGP activity L. Har rington 2/1 prefixes, 2/1 paths

Neighbor Pub lish er:

Cisco PressV

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

172.16.8.5

AS MsgRcvd MsgSent

4 65520

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

43

TblVer

41

4

InQ OutQ Up/Down 0

State/PfxRcd

0 00:25:21

1

Pages: 84 0

I f t her e w ould hav e been an y neighb or issues, I w ould hav e b ack ed u p t o m ak e sur e I had ph ysical connect ivit y an d had man ually config ur ed t h e neighb ors. Now t hat you hav e v erif ied t h e Handneighbor s- on pr act for CCNP oubleshoot exam it h TCP/ P, Ex LAN, an d8-W43. AN t r ouble BGP s, ice conf irmt he t he BGPTr t ables and t hing e r out ing wt ables as Iin am ple t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit t his Exah m plbeook, 8 - 4you 3 . can: Con f ir m i ng

t h e BGP a nd Rou t i ng Tabl es

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1#show ip bgp Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k BGP table version is 4, local router ID is 192.168.8.1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Status t r oub codes: leshootsing suppressed, t ools an d u t ilit d ies damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Diagn ose and act u al?pr-oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Origin codes: i -t r oublesh IGP, eoot - EGP, incomplete Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s *> 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

0

32768 i

r1#show ip route Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e EIGRP external, O - tOSPF, IA rou - OSPF inter AppDly -a EIGRP, lay er ed tEX rou-blesh oot ing met h odology o r eal- life t ing and switarea chin g env iron ment s N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on - net OSPF typein g1,( CIE2 external 2, t he E -CCNP EGP Cisco( r) E1 I nt er w orkexternal Trou bleshoot T) -t opOSPF ics t hat p r ep are type y ou for Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, i -ical IS-IS, L1Tr-oublesh IS-IS oot level-1, IS-IS * -petcandidate default CCNP Pr act St ud ies: in g g ivesL2 y ou- an edg e level-2, ov er t he com it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. U - per-user static route, o - ODR CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Gateway set im por t ant of conlast cep t s resort cen t ral tis o t hnot e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

C

192.168.8.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0.100 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C

172.16.8.4 is directly connected, Serial0.105

r2#show ip bgp •

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• I ndex BGP table version is 4, local router ID is 192.168.8.2 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Status s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal By Donna L.codes: Har rington Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Network

Next Hop

Metric LocPrf Weight Path

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 *>i192.168.8.0

192.168.8.1

0

100

0 i

r2#show ip route ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble C connected, t icket s192.168.8.0/24 b ased on Cisco I nis t erndirectly et w or k Tr oub leshoot in gSerial0.101 ( CI T) t opics. r4#show bgp Wit h t his bip ook, you can: BGP table version is 6, local router ID is 192.168.8.4 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e sactsuppressed, ual equip mentd damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Status codes: Est ablish ment ph ysical and logical n et w or k Origin codes:a baseline i - IGP,and e docu - EGP, ? y-our incomplete I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies *>i192.168.8.0 192.168.8.1 0 100 0 i Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r4#show ip route Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ... " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 192.168.8.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0.101 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r5#show ip bgp cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e BGP table version is 4, local router ID is 172.16.8.6 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g envcodes: iron mentss suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Status C

Desig nedcodes: for aspir CCNP eand CCI E( r) essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Origin i ing - IGP, - EGP, ? pr - of incomplete Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot of Hop pr act ical ex er cisesMetric t h at g etLocPrf y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Network ing exam . Full Next Weight Path CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or 192.168.8.0 ld ap plicat ion of LAN172.16.8.5 and WAN t op ics. *> 0 0 65520 i CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r5#show ipical route im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

... B

192.168.8.0/24 [20/0] via 172.16.8.5, 00:33:30 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C

172.16.8.4 is directly connected, Serial0.101

•

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•

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna The on lyL. rHar outrington ing t able

t hat h as BGP rou t es is r 5. Man y t im es r ou t es are in t h e BGP t ab le but j ust can' t m ak e it t o t he r ou t in g t able, par t icular ly wit h I BGP. As discussed ear lier , w hen all r out er s in Pub lish Cisco Press an AS ar eer:r un ning BGP y ou can saf ely t u r n of f syn ch ron iz at ion . Do t hat now for r 1, r2 , and r 4 as in Ex am r eset t he BGP t able. Pubple Dat8e: 44. April Th 0 4,en 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 8 - 4 4 . No Sy nchr on iz at ion

r1(config)#router 65520Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hand s- on pr act ice for bgp t he CCNP t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(config-router)#no synchronization Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-router)#end r1#copy Set urunning-config p an d f ollow alongstartup-config w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k !!!no synch is short for no synchronization I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing tbgp ools 65520 an d u t ilit ies r2(config)#router Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r2(config-router)#no synch Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2(config-router)#end Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2#copy " Snifrunning-config f" t he w ir e t o sp otstartup-config n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r4(config)#router aut o negot iat ion,bgp addr65520 essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r4(config-router)#no App ly a lay er ed t rousynch blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r4(config-router)#end Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt r4#copy running-config er net w ork Trou bleshoot startup-config in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1#clear ip bgp * CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

A w or d of caut ion befor e y ou perf or m m ore t est ing : For an I BGP p eer t o pr opag at e r out es t o anot h er I BGP peer , or EBGP peer for t hat m at t er , full- m esh connect ivit y is requ ired. That is not t oo scalable in t he p r act ical serv ice pr ov id er w orld, so t hey t end t o use r out e r eflect ors or conf ed er at ions f or t h is pur pose. Rou t e r ef lect or s allow r out es t o bou nce or ref lect f r om one I BGP peer t o anot her . You can t h ink of t hem as ru bber r out er s if y ou lik e. Conf ed er at ion s are lik e m iniaut on om ous Table syst em s t o mak e all n eig hbor s app ear as if t hey ar e EBGP so t h at t h er e ar e no I BGP • of Content s issu es. •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

I nst ead of h avin g ev er y r out er p eer w it h ever y r out er f or a f ull- m esh t opology , set u p r 1 as a By Donna L. Haror rington r out e r eflect t o client s r 2 and r 4 ( I BGP peers) as in Ex am ple 8- 45. Th is t ime reset BGP for on ly t he aff ect ed peer s. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Exa mI SBN: pl e 1-858- 720 4 5-0. 57Con f igu r in g r 1 a s a Rou t e Ref le ct or -0 Pages: 84 0

r1(config)#router bgp 65520 r1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.2 route-reflector-client Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.4 route-reflector-client Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-router)#end r1#clear 192.168.8.2 Set u pipanbgp d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1#clear ip bgp 192.168.8.4 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1#copy running-config startup-config I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided st (rid r ) OS and ) Sof t whu arbe and com-m ut , ou t in putEx , and loggin g Test yCat ouraly h yb point - t o-Cisco pointI OS( m ultr ipoint spand oke inp t opology am ple 8- 46. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl ef" t8he - 4w6ir.eTest e kHu " Snif t o sp iotng n ettwhor issubesan d Spok es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, !!!r1aut pings r2iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e o negot App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1#ping 192.168.8.2 env iron ment s Type escape sequence to abort. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt net w ork Trou bleshoot T) t op ics t hat ptimeout r ep are y ou t he CCNP Sending 5,er100-byte ICMP Echosin gto( CI192.168.8.2, is for 2 seconds: Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal!!!!! w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

!!!r1 pings r4 r1#p 192.168.8.4 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.8.4, timeout is 2 seconds: •

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!!!!!

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/60 ms By Donna L. Har rington

!!!r2 pings r1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r2>p Pub192.168.8.1 Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Type escape sequence to abort. Pages: 84 0

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.8.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Hand s- on rate pr act ice CCNP Tr(5/5), oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN ms t r ouble Success is for 100t he percent round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. !!!r2 pings r4 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2>p 192.168.8.4 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Type escape sequence to abort. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Sending 5, 100-byte Echos to y192.168.8.4, timeout Est ablish a baselineICMP and docu ment our ph ysical and logical nis et w2orseconds: k .....I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided !!!r2Cat pings aly st ( rr5 ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2#p Use 172.16.8.6 Snif f" t hesequence w ir e t o spto ot nabort. et w or k issu es Type "escape Analy ze 100-byte local and r ICMP em ot eEchos accessto pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or clud ing issues w it h Sending 5, 172.16.8.6, timeout isks,2 inseconds: cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, .....aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

NO TE

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e m any d evt ices, is taoshor for p in g.ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im porOn t ant con cep s cen pt ral t h e ttcut r oubleshoot

Com par e t h e out p ut of t he last coup le of ex am ples t o Figur e 8- 1 3 t o det er min e t he p rob lem s. Recall back in Ex am ple 8- 43 t hat t here wer e no BGP lear ned rou t es in r 1, r2 , and r 4. Ev en aft er y ou t ur n sy nchr onizat ion off in Ex am ple 8- 44, t h ese r out es d o not app ear in eit her t h e BGP or r out ing t ab le becau se t he 17 2. 16 .8 .4 / 30 pr efix h as not been adv er t ised. That is a v er y lik ely r eason as t o w hy r 2 can 't ping r 5 in Ex am ple 8- 46. Fix t his in Ex am ple 8- 47. •

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CCNP m P rapl cti cal ouble shoot Exa e 8St-udi 4 7es:. Tr Adve r t i siingng t h e 1 7 2 .1 6 .8 .4 N et w or k By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1(config)#router bgp 65520 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 r1(config-router)#network 172.16.8.4 mask 255.255.255.252 Pages: 84 0

r1(config-router)#end r1#copy running-config startup-config r1#clear ipactbgp * t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hand s- on pr ice for t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1#show ip bgp Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1#show ip bgp Set uip p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1#show bgp w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Not e t h at in t he p r eceding exam ple t he m ask had t o b e t y ped in f or t he n et wor k st at em en t t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies because it d iffer s f rom t he classf ul m ask . I t is easy t o f or get t o t y pe t h e w ord m ask, but in t he Cisco Diagn soft w ose ar e yand ou can alw ayoot s r ely questsion ar k ( ing ?) for h elp. t r oublesh acton u alt he pr oblem bymf ollow along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

NO TE " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es You mze ustlocal h aveand p atrien sup porpr t BGP. er yEt t hing anu alks, in operat ion ,issues and alt Analy emce ot et oaccess oblemEv s in hern is et m net w or in clud ing whou it h gh conv er gence is r elat ively fast , som et im es t hings just t ake a lit t le m or e t im e t o ap pear cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, taut hano wnegot hat yiat ouion, wouaddr ld ex pect . ,That is w hy ion, y ou and see an essing encapsulat moremp e t y BGP t able in Ex am ple 8- 47; get used t o t he Up Arr ow key t o repeat t he last com m and. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s IDesig t is im porfor t anaspir t t o not figuand re t he etr) w or at em en t on and erley lab r outger lik eb yuilds ou aron e u sed ned ing con CCNP CCInE( prkofstessionals, t hiseach ind isp enev sab uide tCisco( o wit hr)an GPnet rou t ing Trou pr otbleshoot ocol. Remem berT)t ht op at ics BGP is an EGP. con figu re you r I ntI er w ork in g ( CI t hat p r ep are You y ou m forant ually he CCNP neighb or s and 't need netpr wact orkical st atex em fort had occurf or . I nchallenges an ex am ple Tr oubleshoot ingdon exam . Fulla of erent cises at jacen g et ycy ou troeady on like t he Figur j ob, e 81 3, hProwev er, St it ud w as etoublesh t y im poroot t ant adv er t isean t he 1 92. 1 68. net wpet or kit ion out t thr o ough t h e otrher CCNP act ical ies:prTr in gt og ives y ou edg e ov er t8. he0 com eal- AS and ver sa.ion Stof at ic andand defau lt r tout es w ou ld pr ob ably hav e been mor e ap pr opr iat e if you w ere w or ldv ice ap plicat LAN WAN op ics. r unn ing anot her I GP inside AS 6 552 0 or if you had m ult iple n et wor k s inv olved. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Adv ertt ant isingcon t hecep 172 6.t8. 4 tnet int o AS 655 20 por should allow 2 and cer r4 ttificat o be ion, ab leinclud t o p ininggr 5 in im por t s .1 cen ral o tw h eortkr oubleshoot ing t ion of t he rCCNP

t he rem ot e AS. Fir st look at t he BGP t able on r 1 in Ex am ple 8- 48, t h en look at t he BGP and r out ing t ab les on r 2 t o see w het her t h is is in f act possible. Ver ify w it h p in g.

Exa m pl e 8 - 4 8 . Test i ng t h e Ne t w or k Adve r t i se m en t •

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r1>show ip I bgp • ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 192.168.8.1 By Donna L. Har rington

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, Origin codes: i 20-03IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Network Pages: 84 0

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*> 172.16.8.4/30

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*> 192.168.8.0

0.0.0.0

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Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r2>show ip bgp t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. BGP version is 13, local router ID is 192.168.8.2 Wit h table t his b ook, you can: Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Origin codes: IGP, e ment - EGP, ? - incomplete w it hout t h e iact-ual equip Est ablish a baselineNext and docu ysical and logicalWeight n et w or kPath Network Hop ment y our ph Metric LocPrf I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace,0 sh ow100 , clear , debu g, an d ot her *>i172.16.8.4/30 192.168.8.1 0 i t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies *>i192.168.8.0 192.168.8.1 0 100 0 i Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2>show ipstroute ...

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

C

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 192.168.8.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0.101

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 172.16.0.0/30 1 subnets cabling, sp eed andisdusubnetted, plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e B 172.16.8.4 [200/0] via 192.168.8.1, 00:06:15 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g !!!r2env pings r5 svia EBGP iron ment r2>ping Desig ned 172.16.8.6 for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Type escapeing sequence to ofabort. Tr oubleshoot exam . Full pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSending 5, 100-byte Echos w or ld ap plicat ion of LANICMP and WAN t opto ics.172.16.8.6, timeout is 2 seconds: CCNP !!!!! Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 116/116/120 ms !!!r2 pings r4 via IBGP r2>ping 192.168.8.4 Type escape sequence to abort. •

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Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.8.4, timeout is 2 seconds: CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

.....

By Donna L. Har rington

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Ex am ple 8- 48 sh ows how r 2 can n ow r each r 5 via EBGP, y et it can 't r each r 4 v ia I BGP. The r em ainin g issue is t h at t h e spok e rou t ers can r each t he hub ( r 1) but not each ot h er . D o not be so qu ick t o blam e t h is one on BGP, alt h ough it ap pear s t hat ev er yt h ing is w ork ing except t he r out e r ef lect or s. By def in it ion t he I BGP r ou t es fr om r 2 sh ould boun ce of f of r 1 t o r 4 and vice v er sa. Th at is not hap pening her e; t he p ing fails f rom r2 t o r 4. Rev iew t he ex amp les t hr ough out t his Tr ouble Hand on pr act ice oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Tickets-and Figur e 8-for 1 3t he f or CCNP som e Tr hint s. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. This is a Fram e Relay issue because now you w ant DC t o t alk t o VA and VA t o t alk t o D C t hr ough Wit hTh t his b as ook, HQ. is w notyou a rcan: equir ement in any of t h e ch apt er scen arios or Trou ble Ticket s t h us f ar. Cu rr ent ly , t her e ar e no phy sical or logical connect ions b et w een D C an d VA. Prog r am y our spok e r out er s in Ex am ple 8- 49 so t hat t he r em ot e sit es can t alk t o one anot her. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Exa m e 8 - a4 baseline 9 . Con fand igudocu r in gment St aytour ic M ps f and or tlogical he Spok t er s Estpl ablish phaysical n et weorRou k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r2#show frame-relay map Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r(up): ) OS and I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e101(0x65,0x1850), com m and inp ut , ou t dynamic, put , and loggin g Serial0.101 ip Cisco 192.168.8.1 dlci Use in st r u ctbroadcast,, or - d ev elop ed pstatus rob lem -defined, isolat ion mactive et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2#configure terminal Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r2(config)#interface s0.101 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2(config-subif)#frame map ip 192.168.8.1 101 broadcast App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r2(config-subif)#frame map ip 192.168.8.4 101 broadcast env iron ment s r2(config-subif)#end Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP !!!remove extraneous mappings Tr oubleshootany ing exam . Full of dynamic pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr2#clear frame-relay-inarp w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2#copy running-config startup-config CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r4#configure terminal r4(config)#interface s0/0.101 r4(config-subif)#frame map ip 192.168.8.1 101 broadcast •r4(config-subif)#frame Table of Content s map ip 192.168.8.2 101 broadcast • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing r4(config-subif)#end By Donna L. Har rington

!!!the next command is short for clear frame-relay-inarp Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r4#clear frame

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 r4#copy running-config startup-config Pages: 84 0

Look at t h e I n ver se ARP t able on r 2 an d r 4 . Ver if y con nect iv it y as in Ex am ple 8- 50. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Exa m pl e 8 - 5 0 . Test i ng t h e Sp oke Rout er s Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r2#show frame-relay map ment w it hout t h e act ual equip Serial0.101 ip 192.168.8.1 101(0x65,0x1850), static, Est ablish (up): a baseline and docu ment dlci y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k broadcast, I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies CISCO, status defined, active Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Serial0.101 Cat aly st ( r(up): ) OS and ip Cisco 192.168.8.4 I OS( r ) Sof dlci t w ar e101(0x65,0x1850), com m and inp ut , ou t static, put , and loggin g Use in st r u ctbroadcast, or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he wCISCO, ir e t o spstatus ot n et w or k issu es active defined, Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o 192.168.8.4 negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2#ping App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Type escape sequence to abort. env iron ment s Sending ICMPand Echos 192.168.8.4, timeout issab 2 leseconds: Desig ned 5, for 100-byte aspir ing CCNP CCI E(to r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP !!!!! Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSuccess rateion isof100 w or ld ap plicat LANpercent and WAN(5/5), t op ics. round-trip min/avg/max = 116/118/128 ms CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r4#ping 192.168.8.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.8.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! •

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Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 112/116/124 ms CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r2#show ip bgp sum Pub lish er: Cisco Press

BGPPub router identifier 192.168.8.2, local AS number 65520 Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

BGP table version is 3, main routing table version 3 Pages: 84 0

2 network entries and 2 paths using 242 bytes of memory 1 BGP path attribute entries using 96 bytes of memory Hand s- on pr act ice t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot BGP activity 2/0forprefixes, 2/0 paths ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd Wit h t his b ook, you can: 192.168.8.1

4 65520

23

21

3

0

0 00:18:37

2

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Hav in g a r out e t o get t o y our d est inat ion an d t h e ph ysical t r anspor t , t oo, is obv iously pr et t y im porItdent ant . ifOr inally you ours using Fr am epin Relay ion, w it h ,a debu PVC g, f r om t o DC and VA y ig t r oublesh ootset ing ut p aryget g, t r connect ace, sh ow clear an dHQ ot her as w ell as anot hering fr om HQan t odt u het ilit oties h er AS using m ult ipoint subint er faces. How ev er, you w er e t r oub leshoot t ools r ely ing on I n ver se ARP t o get you t h rou gh r 1 t o t he ot her I BGP p eer . I nst ead you needed n ot on ly t he rou Diagn t e r ef ose lectand or con t r oublesh figur at ion oot bu acttust alatpr icoblem m ap st s by at em f ollow ent s,ing t oo. along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es NO TE Analy ze local r em ot e access pr w oblem s incon Et hern et itnet or ks, w it h Pat ience is t heand an swer f or BGP any ay y ou figu re . I wam n otinuclud ndering m inissues ing it by any cabling, sp eed du plex u tand ilizat ion ,and h, CSMA/ e- w ay lin k, m ean s, but f romand a supp ort, st point t akecollisions, t im e f or ab andw cu p ofidtt ea and ch CD, eck yon our aut oignegot iat ion, addr essing encapsulat e bgp w it h a sp ecific ad dr ess conf ur at ions ag ain . Alw ays ,rem em b er t ion, o useand cle mor ar i p w her e possib le ev er y t ime you m ak e a chan ge. On t he ot her hand , check t hose lay er s. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig aspir E(ay r) uprpoft he essionals, t his ind le lab b uilds Now tned h at tfor h ings aring e w CCNP or k ingand all tCCI he w st ack, glimp se isp at ten h esab BGP updgatuide es as in Ex on am ple Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 8- 5 1 so t hat you see w hat is going on w hen y ou issue cle ar i p bgp * . Feel fr ee t o show t he clock Tr exam Full prtact ical ex jer cises at tghe et tyim oue ran eady f ore challenges ont he t heser j ob, peroubleshoot iodically t oing see t he .t im ingof of hing s or ust lookt hat d d at st am ps f rom vi ce CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealt i m e st am ps deb ug ou t pu t t h at y ou pr ev iously conf ig ur ed . w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Exa m pl e 8 - 5 1 . BGP Rout in g U pda t es im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#debug ip bgp updates BGP updates debugging is on r1#show clock •

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22:08:39.825 UTC Fri Dec 13 2002 • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1#clear ip bgp * By Donna L. Har rington Dec 13 22:09:08.113: BGP: 192.168.8.2 computing updates, neighbor version 0, table Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 4, 20 03 version 1, 0starting at 0.0.0.0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 13 Pages: 22:09:08.117: 84 0 BGP: 192.168.8.2 update run completed, ran for 0ms, neighbor version 0, start version 1, throttled to 1, check point net 0.0.0.0 Dec 13 22:09:08.121: BGP: 192.168.8.4 computing updates, neighbor version 0, table Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble version atet0.0.0.0 t icket s b ased1,onstarting Cisco I n t ern w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec Wit h 13 t his22:09:08.125: b ook, you can: BGP: 192.168.8.4 update run completed, ran for 0ms, neighbor version 0, start version 1, throttled to 1, check point net 0.0.0.0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 13 w it hout 22:09:29.681: t h e act ual equip BGP:ment 172.16.8.6 computing updates, neighbor version 0, table Est ablish baseline and ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k version 1, astarting at docu 0.0.0.0 I dent if y t r oublesh ootBGP: ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, ow , clear , debu g, for an d ot her neighbor Dec 13 22:09:29.685: 172.16.8.6 update runshcompleted, ran 0ms, t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies version 0, start version 1, throttled to 1, check point net 0.0.0.0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat22:09:57.957: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com172.16.8.4/30 m and inp ut , ou t route put , and loggin g locally Dec 13 BGP: I nettable_walker sourced Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 13 22:09:57.961: BGP: nettable_walker 192.168.8.0/24 route sourced locally " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Dec 13 22:09:57.961: BGP: 192.168.8.2 computing updates, neighbor version 1, table Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h version 0.0.0.0 cabling,3,spstarting eed and duat plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 13 22:09:57.965: BGP: 192.168.8.2 send UPDATE 172.16.8.4/30, next 192.168.8.1, App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g metric 0,ment path env iron s Dec 13 Desig ned22:09:57.969: for aspir ing CCNP BGP: and192.168.8.2 CCI E( r) pr of essionals, send UPDATE t his ind 192.168.8.0/24 isp en sab le lab g(chgflags: uide b uilds on 0x8), Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot next 192.168.8.1, ing exam . Full path of pr(before act ical exroutemap/aspath er cises t h at g et y ou update) r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld13 Dec ap22:09:57.977: plicat ion of LAN and BGP:WAN 192.168.8.2 t op ics. 1 updates enqueued (average=60, maximum=60) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: TrBGP: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou run w it h completed, p ract ical inf orran mat ion all t h eneighbor Dec 13 22:09:57.977: 192.168.8.2 update foron12ms, im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

version 1, start version 3, throttled to 3, check point net 0.0.0.0 Dec 13 22:09:57.981: BGP: 192.168.8.4 computing updates, neighbor version 1, table version 3, starting at 0.0.0.0 Dec 13 22:09:57.985: BGP: 192.168.8.4 send UPDATE 172.16.8.4/30, next 192.168.8.1, • •

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metric 0, path I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 13 22:09:57.993: BGP: 192.168.8.4 send UPDATE 192.168.8.0/24 (chgflags: 0x8), By Donna L. Har rington

next 192.168.8.1, path

(before routemap/aspath update)

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 13Dat22:09:57.997: BGP: 192.168.8.4 1 updates enqueued (average=60, maximum=60) e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 13 22:09:58.001: BGP: 192.168.8.4 update run completed, ran for 12ms, neighbor Pages: 84 0

version 1, start version 3, throttled to 3, check point net 0.0.0.0 Dec 13 22:09:59.101: BGP: 172.16.8.6 computing updates, neighbor version 1, table Hand s- on pr3, act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble version starting at 0.0.0.0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 13 22:09:59.105: BGP: 172.16.8.6 send UPDATE 172.16.8.4/30, next 172.16.8.5, Wit h t his b ook, you can: metric 0, path 65520 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 13 22:09:59.109: BGP: 172.16.8.6 send UPDATE 192.168.8.0/24 (chgflags: 0x8), w it hout t h e act ual equip ment next 172.16.8.5, path (before update) Est ablish a baseline and docu ment routemap/aspath y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 13 22:09:59.117: 172.16.8.6 1 g, updates enqueued maximum=57) I dent if y t r oublesh ootBGP: ing t ar get s using pin t r ace, sh ow , clear ,(average=57, debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 13 22:09:59.117: BGP: 172.16.8.6 update run completed, ran for 12ms, neighbor Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided version 1, 3, r throttled to m 3,and check 0.0.0.0 Cat aly st ( r )start OS andversion Cisco I OS( ) Sof t w ar e com inp utpoint , ou t putnet , and loggin g Use in st rall u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#undebug " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h and tdu t ilizat CD,should on e- whav ay lin Aft er cabling, y ou hav espweed at ched heplex BGP, ur out ingion up and dat e collisions, p rocess forb andw a fewidt mh, inuCSMA/ t es, you e ak, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e couple of occur r en ces of t h e net t able w alk er pr ocess. I t r un s about ever y m inut e t o pop ulat e t h e r out ing t ab le fr om t h e BGP t able. Save y our con figu rat ion s t o a file n amed t t 1 bgp conf igs. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ironions. mentYou s hav e successfu lly conf igur ed BGP ov er Fram e Relay NBMA. Con grenv at ulat Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Trouble Ticket 2 .Solution Tr oubleshoot ing exam Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldmap LAN Assu in gplicat y ou ion ar eof cont inuand in g WAN f r om ttop he ics. pr eceding Tr ouble Tick et , fir st r emov e BGP and conf ig ur e t he loop backs in Ex am ple 8- 52. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 8 - 5 2 . Rem ovi ng BGP an d Conf ig ur i ng Loopba ck Addr e sse s

r1(config)#no router bgp 65520 r1(config)#interface loopback 8 •

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r1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(config-if)#no shut By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config-if)#end Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: 0 4, 20 03 r1#show ipApril protocols I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r2(config)#no router bgp 65520 !!!lo8 is short for loopback 8 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r2(config)#interface lo8 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2(config-if)#no shut Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r2(config-if)#end w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2#show ip protocols I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r4(config)#no router bgp 65520 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco r4(config)#interface lo8 I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r4(config-if)#no shut Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r4(config-if)#end cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r4#show ip protocols App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5(config)#no router bgpand 65525 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5(config)#interface lo8 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5(config-if)#ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.0 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r5(config-if)#no shut im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5(config-if)#end r5#show ip protocols

Now t h at y ouTable hav e comp let ely r emov ed BGP an d v erif ied t h at w it h t he old - fait hf ul show i p • of Content s pr ot ocol s com m and, con figu re OSPF, including t h e loopback s, as in Ex am ple 8- 53. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Exa m pl e 8 - 5 3 . Con f igu r in g O SPF Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 r1(config)#router ospf 1 Pages: 84 0

r1(config-router)#network 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.255 area 8 r1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 8 r1(config-router)#end Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1#copy running-config startup-config Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2(config)#router Set u p an d f ollowospf along1 w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r2(config-router)#network 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.255 area 8 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2(config-router)#network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 8 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r2(config-router)#end Diagn ose and t r oubleshstartup-config oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r2#copy running-config Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r4(config)#router ospf 1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r4(config-router)#network 192.168.8.0 area Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem0.0.0.255 s in Et hern et net w8or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, andarea mor e8 r4(config-router)#end App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r4#copy running-config startup-config Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldy ap Verif OSPF plicat conn ion ect of iv LAN it y and bet wWAN een t the op rou ics. t er s in net w or k 19 2. 168 .8 . 0 as in Ex am ple 8- 54. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porm t ant t ong theO t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g Exa pl econ 8 -cep 5 4t s. cen Vetrral if yi SPF

r1#show ip ospf neighbor r1#!!!no neighbors so no sense in looking for routes r1#show ip Table ospfof interface s0 • Content s •

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r1#!!!appears opsf not CCNP P ra cti cal St udithat es: Tr ouble shoot ingconfigured on int s0 By Donna L. Har rington

r1#show run ...Pub lish er:

Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

interface Loopback8 I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble trouter icket s b ospf ased on 1 Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 8 network 0.0.0.255 area 8 lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Set u p192.168.8.0 an d f ollow along w it h realw or ld w it hout t h e act ual equip ment end Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1#clear ip ospf process I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Resett r oub ALLleshoot OSPF ing processes? t ools an d [no]: u t ilit iesy Diagn and interface t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r1#show ipose ospf Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Loopback8 is up, line protocol is up Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Internet Address 1.1.1.1/24, Area 8 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type LOOPBACK, Cost: 1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Loopback interface is treated as a stub Host aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Serial0.100 iserup, line protocol ish odology up App ly a lay ed t rou blesh oot ing met t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Internet Address 192.168.8.1/24, Area 8 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Process IDnet1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Cisco( r) I nt er w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI Network T) t op ics tType hat p rNON_BROADCAST, ep are y ou for t he Cost: CCNP 1562 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Transmit Delay is Tr 1 oublesh sec, State CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: oot in gWAITING, g ives y ou Priority an edg e ov1er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. No designated router on this network CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e designated on this network im No por tbackup ant con cep t s cen t ral trouter o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:18 Wait time before Designated router selection 00:01:39 Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0 • •

Table of Content s ndex Suppress I hello for 0 neighbor(s)

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1# By Donna L. Har rington Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 720 -0 57 -0 For betI tSBN: er or1- 58 w or se, I assu me Lay er 2 is alr ight because y ou j ust finished t he p reced ing Trou ble Ticket .Pages: Like 84 Ex0 am ple 8- 54 illust r at es, t he n ex t st ep is t o see w het her y ou hav e any OSPF neighb ors and if not , w hy not . Nex t I check ed t o m ak e su re OSPF w as conf ig ur ed on t h e int erf ace w it h t he show i p ospf i nt e rf ace com m and, but act ually I j ust look ed at s0. Alt er nat iv ely , y ou cou ld u se show r un. I t look s lik e t hing s ar e config ur ed pr op er ly , so I issued a cle ar i p ospf p rocess an d, sur e enoug h, t h at d id t h e t r ick . Well, alm ost . Look b ack at t he out pu t of show i p ospf i nt e rf ace tHand o finds- on t he pr real issue ix it asTrinoubleshoot Ex am ple ing 8- 55. act ice forand t he fCCNP exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Wit h m t his Exa plbeook, 8 - 5you 5 . can: O SPF N ei ghb or s Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1#show ip ospf neighbor Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1#configure terminal I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1(config)#router 1 d u t ilit ies t r oub leshoot ing tospf ools an r1(config-router)#neighbor Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot 192.168.8.2 act u al pr oblem?s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g cost OSPF cost for point-to-multipoint neighbor Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s database-filter Filter OSPF LSA during synchronization and flooding for " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es point-to-multipoint neighbor Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed andOSPF du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, poll-interval dead-router polling interval aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e priority OSPF priority of non-broadcast neighbor App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.2 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.4 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r1(config-router)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1#show im por t ant ip conospf cep t s neighbor cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Neighbor ID

Pri

State

Dead Time

Address

Interface

N/A

0

ATTEMPT/DROTHER 00:01:48

192.168.8.4

Serial0.100

N/A

0

ATTEMPT/DROTHER 00:01:46

192.168.8.2

Serial0.100

Address

Interface

r1#show ip ospf neighbor •

Table of Content s

Neighbor IDI ndex •

Pri

State

Dead Time

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

N/A By Donna L. Har rington

0

ATTEMPT/DROTHER 00:01:44

192.168.8.4

Serial0.100

2.2.2.2

1

FULL/DR

192.168.8.2

Serial0.100

Address

Interface

192.168.8.4

Serial0.100

00:01:58

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0are 4, 20 03 r1#!!!things starting to happen now I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r1#show Pages: ip84ospf 0 neighbor Neighbor ID N/A

Pri 0

State

Dead Time

ATTEMPT/DROTHER 00:01:40

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 2.2.2.2 FULL/DR 00:01:59 192.168.8.2 Serial0.100 t icket s b ased on Cisco1I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1#show ospf Wit h t his bip ook, you neighbor can: Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 4.4.4.4 w it hout t h e act ual 1 equip FULL/DR ment 00:01:59 192.168.8.4 Serial0.100 Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 2.2.2.2 1 and FULL/DROTHER 00:01:56 192.168.8.2

Serial0.100

I dentip if y ospf t r oublesh oot ing tdetail ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1#show neighbor t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Neighbor 4.4.4.4, interface address 192.168.8.4 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat the aly st area ( r ) OS8and I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g In viaCisco interface Serial0.100 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 7 state changes " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es DR is 192.168.8.4 BDR is 192.168.8.1 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Poll interval 60 du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed and aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Options 2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dead timer env iron ment sdue in 00:01:32 Desig Neighbor ned for2.2.2.2, aspir ing CCNP interface and CCI address E( r) pr of192.168.8.2 essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot In the ing area exam 8 via . Fullinterface of pr act icalSerial0.100 ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldNeighbor ap plicat ion priority of LAN and is WAN 1, State t op ics.is FULL, 7 state changes CCNPDR Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e is ical 192.168.8.2 BDR isoot 192.168.8.1 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Poll interval 60 Options 2 Dead timer due in 00:01:54

•

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•

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Yes, t her e are issues w it h r unnin g OSPF over Fr am e Relay NBMA, as m ent ioned earlier in t he CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing chapt er . Per son ally , I wou ld r at h er just con figu re point - t o- p oint su bint er faces and be d one w it h it , By Harerington buDonna t t h erL. e ar w or k arou nds. On e m et hod is t o m anu ally sp ecify t he neigh bor st at em en t s. Not ice t hat I on ly con figu red t he n eig hbor st at em ent on on e en d. How ev er , it is a m uch bet t er pr act ice t o confPub ig ur lisheer:t he Cisco neig Press hbor st at em ent s on bot h end s so as n ot t o leav e any t h in g t o chan ce. Speak ing of leav t h0in o chance, y ou do n ot h ave a fu ll- mesh con figu rat ion her e, so it is p r et t y Pub ing Dat e:any April 4, g20t03 im por t Iant t he-0h57 ub SBN:t hat 1- 58 720 -0 r out er be t he DR. Force r 1 t o b e t he D R f or t h e ser ial int er faces by m ak ing t he ot her r out er s inelig ib le t o b ecom e t h e DR as in Ex am ple 8- 56. Config ur e t he ot h er neighb or Pages: 84 0 st at ement s w hile you ar e at it . Wat ch t he elect ion pr ocess on r 4.

Exa m pl e 8 - 5 6 . For cin g r 1 t o Be com e t h e DR Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2#show ospf Wit h t his bip ook, you neighbor can: Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 1.1.1.1 1 equip FULL/BDR 00:01:45 192.168.8.1 Serial0.101 w it hout t h e act ual ment Est ablish aterminal baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2#configure I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing r2(config)#router ospf 1 t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r2(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2(config-router)#interface s0.101 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2(config-subif)#ip ospf priority 0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2(config-subif)#end Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r4#configure terminal App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r4(config)#router env iron ment s ospf 1 r4(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.8.1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r4(config-router)#interface s0/0.101 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr4(config-subif)#ip priority w or ld ap plicat ion of LANospf and WAN t op ics.0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r4(config-subif)#end im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r4#debug ip ospf adj OSPF adjacency events debugging is on Dec 13 23:37:18.150: OSPF: Rcv hello from 1.1.1.1 area 8 from Serial0/0.101 192.168.8.1 •

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Dec 13 23:37:18.150: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Serial0/0.101 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 13 23:37:18.154: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Serial0/0.101 By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 13 23:37:18.154: OSPF: Elect BDR 1.1.1.1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 13Dat23:37:18.154: OSPF: Elect DR 1.1.1.1 e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 13 23:37:18.154: Pages: 84 0

DR: 1.1.1.1 (Id)

BDR: 1.1.1.1 (Id)

Dec 13 23:37:18.154: OSPF: Send DBD to 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0.101 seq 0xFDD opt 0x2 flag 0x7 len 32 Hand s- on23:37:18.154: pr act ice for t heOSPF: CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing processing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 13 End of hello t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 13 23:37:18.190: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0.101 seq 0xDB6 opt 0x2 Wit h t his b ook, you can: flag 0x7 len 32 state EXSTART Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 13 23:37:18.190: OSPF: First DBD and we are not SLAVE w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 13 23:37:18.654: Build 8,n et router Est ablish a baseline OSPF: and docu ment router y our ph LSA ysicalfor andarea logical w or k ID 4.4.4.4 Dec 13 23:37:23.154: 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0.101 I dent if y t r oublesh ootOSPF: ing t arRetransmitting get s using pin g, t rDBD ace, to sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 13 23:37:23.154: OSPF: Send DBD to 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0.101 seq 0xFDD opt 0x2 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided flag 32and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat0x7 aly st len ( r ) OS Use23:37:23.190: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob - isolat ion1.1.1.1 m et hods on t o rSerial0/0.101 esolv e Tr ouble Tick Dec 13 OSPF: Rcvlem DBD from seqet s0xDB6 opt 0x2 " Snif f" t he e t state o sp ot nEXSTART et w or k issu es flag 0x7 lenw ir32 Analy ze local and r em ot e access oblem s inwe Et hern netSLAVE w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Dec 13 23:37:23.190: OSPF: FirstprDBD and are et not cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 23:37:23.222: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and moron e Serial0/0.101 seq 0xFDD opt 0x2 Dec 13 OSPF: Rcv DBD from 1.1.1.1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g flag 0x2 len 132 state EXSTART env iron ment s Dec 13 23:37:23.222: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the MASTER Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 13 23:37:23.222: OSPF: Send DBD to 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0.101 seq 0xFDE opt 0x2 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealflag 0x3 len 132 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 23:37:23.286: DBD 1.1.1.1 Serial0/0.101 seq CCNP13 Pr act ical St ud ies: TrOSPF: oubleshRcv oot in g p rfrom ovides y ou w it hon p ract ical inf or mat ion on 0xFDE all t h e opt 0x2 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

flag 0x0 len 32 state EXCHANGE Dec 13 23:37:23.286: OSPF: Send DBD to 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0.101 seq 0xFDF opt 0x2 flag 0x1 len 32 Dec 13 23:37:23.322: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0.101 seq 0xFDF opt 0x2 • •

Table of Content s

flag 0x0 len 32 state EXCHANGE I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 13 23:37:23.326: OSPF: Exchange Done with 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0.101 By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 13 23:37:23.326: OSPF: Synchronized with 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0.101, state FULL Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 13Dat23:37:23.654: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 8, router ID 4.4.4.4 e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 13 23:37:28.654: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 8, router ID 4.4.4.4 Pages: 84 0

r4#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID

Pri

State

Dead Time

Address

Interface

Hand s- on pr act ice for 1t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d WSerial0/0.101 AN t r ouble 1.1.1.1 FULL/DR 00:01:46 192.168.8.1 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 13 23:37:48.270: OSPF: Rcv hello from 1.1.1.1 area 8 from Serial0/0.101 Wit h t his b ook, you can: 192.168.8.1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 13 23:37:48.270: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface Serial0/0.101 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 13 23:37:48.270: DR/BDR on and Serial0/0.101 Est ablish a baseline OSPF: and docu ment yelection our ph ysical logical n et w or k Dec 13 23:37:48.270: BDR pin 0.0.0.0 I dent if y t r oublesh ootOSPF: ing t arElect get s using g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 13 23:37:48.274: OSPF: Elect DR 1.1.1.1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 13 DR: 1.1.1.1 (Id) Cat23:37:48.274: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m andBDR: inp utnone , ou t put , and loggin g Use23:37:48.274: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob ionprocessing m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 13 OSPF: Endlem of- isolat hello " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spOSPF: ot n et wBuild or k issu es Dec 13 23:37:48.774: router LSA for area 8, router ID 4.4.4.4 Analy ze all local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r4#undebug cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o ip negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1#show ospf neighbor App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface env iron ment s 4.4.4.4 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:46 192.168.8.4 Serial0.100 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 2.2.2.2 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:38 192.168.8.2 Serial0.100 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Ob ser tve prcep eced g out i p ospfing n eipor ghb or of on t each of t he er sion, t o ninclud ot e t hinatg bot h im por antt he con t s in cen t ralpu t ot tof h eshow t r oubleshoot t ion he CCNP cerr tout ificat

r 2 and r4 ar e in a f ull st at e w it h t he DR ( r1 ) . Lik ew ise, f rom r1 's p er spect ive it is in a fu ll st at e w it h t he DRot her s. The cle ar i p ospf p rocess com m and w as not necessar y here becau se chang ing t he p rior it y t o 0 f or ced t he elect ion t o occu r. Had y ou set r 1 w it h a h igher pr ior it y, clear ing t he OSPF pr ocess or boun cing t h e int er face w ould hav e been an eff ect iv e w ay t o t r ig ger t he elect ion . How ever , on r 4 t h e v er sion of code doesn 't su ppor t t he cle ar i p ospf com m and any w ay . The de bug i p ospf a dj com m and enabled you t o w at ch t h e st ages of t he elect ion pr ocess. •

Table of Content s

I f ind it m or e helpfu l f or t r oubleshoot ing t o man ually config ur e t he r out er I D ( RI D) . I n t h e • I ndex pr ecedin g ex am ple, t he loopb acks shou ld t ake p recedence unless OSPF w as conf igur ed b ef or e y ou CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing creat ed t hem . The p r oblem w it h m ak ing ch anges t o t he RI D is t h at it nor m ally d oesn 't t ake ef fect By rington unDonna t il y ouL. rHar eload t he r out er ( or rest ar t t h e OSPF pr ocess) . I can get aw ay w it h t hat in a t est env iron ment , but t hat is not alw ays a choice in a pr act ical en vir onm ent . Ex am ple 8- 57 illust r at es howPub t olish h er: ardCisco code t h e RI Ds. Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Exa mPages: pl e 8480- 5 7 . Ha r d Codi ng t h e RI Ds

r1(config)#router ospf 1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1(config-router)#router-id ? t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. A.B.C.D OSPF router-id in IP address format Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Reload or use ip ospf w it hout t h e "clear act ual equip ment process" command, for this to take effect r1(config-router)#end Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dentrunning-config if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1#copy startup-config t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco r2(config)#router ospf 1 I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Reload or use "clear ip ospf process" command, for this to take effect Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r2(config-router)#end cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2#copy running-config startup-config App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r4(config)#router Desig ned for aspir ing ospf CCNP 1and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal^ and WAN t op ics. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN % Invalid input at '^' CCNP Pr act ical St uddetected ies: Tr oublesh oot in marker. g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r4(config-router)#end r4#show ver Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 3600 Software (C3620-D-M), Version 11.3(9)T, •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

r4#!!!ios version issue CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Aft er Pubhlish ar er: d codin Cisco Press g t h e RI D in Ex am ple 8- 57, t h e I OS t old y ou t o r eload or clear t he OSPF pr ocess for tPub he Dat n ew RI D0 4, t o20 t ak e: April 03 e eff ect . Alt er nat iv ely , y ou cou ld t ry a no rout e r ospf 1 in st ead in cases w her e ItSBN: he I OS v er-0 sion 1- 58 720 57 -0d oes not sup por t t he cle ar i p ospf p rocess com m and. Review y our neighbPages: or s and OSPF t ab les in Ex am ple 8- 58 af t er y our OSPF pr ocesses r eset . 84 0

Exa m pl e 8 - 5 8 . Vi ew in g O SPF Ne igh bor s, Pr ocesse s, an d D at ab ases Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1#show ip ospf neighbor Wit h t his b ook, you can: Neighbor ID Pri

State

Dead Time

Address

Interface

4.4.4.4 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:44 192.168.8.4 Set u p an d f ollow0 along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex amSerial0.100 t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 2.2.2.2 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:48 192.168.8.2 Serial0.100 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2#show ip ospf neighbor I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools State an d u t ilit ies Neighbor ID Pri Dead Time Address Interface Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing192.168.8.1 along w it h aut h or-Serial0.101 p r ovided 1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:01:57 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r4#show ip ospf neighbor Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Neighbor ID Pri State " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Dead Time

Address

Interface

1.1.1.1 192.168.8.1 Analy ze local and1 r emFULL/DR ot e access pr oblem00:01:52 s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing Serial0/0.101 issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r4#show ospf neighbor detail aut o ip negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Neighbor interface address 192.168.8.1 App ly a1.1.1.1, lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s In the area 8 via interface Serial0/0.101 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Neighbor 1, State Cisco( r) I nt er netpriority w ork Trouis bleshoot in g ( CIis T) FULL t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, is ical 192.168.8.1 BDR is oot 0.0.0.0 CCNPDR Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Poll interval 60 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porOptions t ant con cep 2 t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dead timer due in 00:01:48 r4> r1#show ip ospf Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 1.1.1.1 •

Table of Content s

• Supports only I ndex single TOS(TOS0) routes CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing BySPF Donna schedule L. Har rington delay

5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs

Minimum 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs Pub lish er: LSA Cisco interval Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 Number of DCbitless external LSA 0

Number of DoNotAge external LSA 0 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icketArea s b ased 8 on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his bNumber ook, you ofcan: interfaces in this area is 2 Area has no authentication Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout e act ual equip ment SPF t halgorithm executed 4 times Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Area ranges are I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her of tLSA t r oubNumber leshoot ing ools 7. an dChecksum u t ilit ies Sum 0x30C32 Number DCbitless LSA Diagn ose andoft r oublesh oot act u al0pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Number of indication LSA 0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1#show ip ospf database Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, eed andwith du plex u t ilizat ion and collisions, andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, OSPF sp Router ID, (1.1.1.1) (Process ID b1) aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Router Link States (Area 8) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Link env ID iron ment s ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab 2g uide b uilds on 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 711 0x80000002 0x1FF1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical706 ex er cises t h at0x80000008 g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 0x3FA 2 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of4.4.4.4 LAN and WAN t op ics. 4.4.4.4 195 0x8000000A 0xDE03 2 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Net Link States (Area 8) im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Link ID

ADV Router

Age

Seq#

Checksum

192.168.8.1

1.1.1.1

711

0x80000001 0xE4BE

The f ir st shaded pu t show • Tableout of Content s s t he new RI D in t he Neigh bor I D colum n , t hen t he n eig hbor p r ior it y , t• he DR st at e,I ndex t he t im ers, an d t he act ual neig hbor in t erf ace addr ess is list ed in t h e Add ress colu m n w it h tPhe cor ding neighb CCNP ra cti calrespon St udi es: Tr ouble shootor ingint er face t o t he r ight . Aft er I an alyzed t he n eig hbor s, I look ed at how OSPF w as conf ig ur ed w it h show i p ospf an d t he link - st at e dat abase w it h show i p ospf By Donna L. Har rington da t a ba se . Wit h serial in t er f aces, each int er face is consider ed a lin k r at her t han j ust t h e w ire bet w een t h em , w h ich is w hy y ou see t w o link s in t h e dat ab ase for each addr ess. Wh en sup por t ing Pub lish er: mu Cisco OSPF, y ou st Press hav e n eigh bor s and link st at es bef ore you get any OSPF r ou t es in y our r out in g Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 t able. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Next config e a d ef ault rou t e in Ex am ple 8- 59 on r 1 t o g et t o t he ou t sid e w orld ( m eaning t he Pages: ur 84 0 ot her AS) . Have OSPF adv er t ise a default r out e t o r2 an d r 4 as in Ex am ple 8- 58, b ut do n ot conf ig ur e a d ef ault rou t e on r 2 an d r 4 t hem selv es.

Exa m pl e 8 - 5 9 . Con f igu r in g a D ef a ul t Rout e on r 1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1#configure terminal Set u p an d froute ollow along w it h 0.0.0.0 real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1(config)#ip 0.0.0.0 s0.105 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config)#end Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1#copy running-config startup-config I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oubip leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1#show route ...

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s subnets "1.0.0.0/24 Snif f" t he w ir is e t osubnetted, sp ot n et w or k1issu es C

is directly connected, Analy1.1.1.0 ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem sLoopback8 in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

2.2.2.2 [110/1563] via App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing 192.168.8.2, met h odology t o00:12:22, r eal- life rouSerial0.100 t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s C 192.168.8.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0.100 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( 4.0.0.0/32 r) I nt er net w ork bleshoot in1g subnets ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP is Trou subnetted, Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud[110/1563] ies: Tr oubleshvia oot in g g ives y ou an00:12:22, edg e ov er tSerial0.100 he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealO 4.4.4.4 192.168.8.4, w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im con cep t s cenis t raldirectly t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g C por t ant172.16.8.4 connected, Serial0.105 O

S*

0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0.105

You configu r ed t he default r out e on r 1 t o send all un kn own p ack et s out int er face s0. 105 . This r esult ed in set t ing t h e gat ew ay of last r esor t and t he S* ent ry in t h e r out ing t able. Alt hou gh r 1 • Table of Content s now has a rou t e t o get t o t he ot her net w or ks, t h e r em ot e d ev ices d o n ot h ave a r et u rn r out e. Now • I ndex hav e r 1 adv er t ise a d ef ault rou t e v ia OSPF in t o t h e spok e rou t ers r2 and r 4 in Ex am ple 8- 60. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Exa m pl e 8 - 6 0 . Adve r t i si ng De f au lt Rou t e s in t o t he Spok e Rou t e r s Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r1#configure Pages: 84 0 terminal r1(config)#router ospf 1 r1(config-router)#default-information originate ? Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble always Always advertise default route t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. OSPF Witmetric h t his b ook, you can:default metric metric-type OSPF metric type for default routes Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or route-map Route-map reference w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pinoriginate g, t r ace, shalways ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1(config-router)#default-information t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config-router)#end Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1#copy running-config startup-config Use inip st r uospf ct or - dprocess ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#clear " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: y Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e View App t he ly OSPF r out es oot ( E2)ingin met t h ehrodology out ing t ab of life r 2 and r 4, as Ex am ple a layexert er ednal t rou blesh t o les r ealrou t ing andin swit chin g 8- 61. env iron ment s Desigm ned CCNPr and r) fpr of lt essionals, en sab le labe gRou uide tbeuilds Exa pl for e 8aspir - 6 1ing . Adve t i si CCI ng E( De au Rou t e tshisinind t oisp t he Spok r s on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2#show ip route CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g pIr ovides y ouR w-it hRIP, p ractMical or mat ion all t h e Codes: C -ical connected, S - static, - IGRP, - inf mobile, B on - BGP im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default • •

Table of Content s

U - I per-user static route, o - ODR ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.8.1 to network 0.0.0.0 By Donna L. Har rington

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Pub lish er: Cisco Press

O

1.1.1.1 [110/1563] Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

via 192.168.8.1, 00:00:15, Serial0.101

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

2.0.0.0/24 Pages: 84 0 C C

is subnetted, 1 subnets

2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback8 192.168.8.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0.101

Hand s-4.0.0.0/32 on pr act ice for he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble is tsubnetted, 1 subnets t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. O 4.4.4.4 [110/1563] via 192.168.8.4, 00:00:15, Serial0.101 Wit h t his b ook, you can: O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.8.1, 00:00:15, Serial0.101 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r4#show ip route Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ... I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Gateway of last resort is 192.168.8.1 to network 0.0.0.0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OSis andsubnetted, Cisco I OS( r 1 ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 1.0.0.0/32 subnets O

Use in st r u ct or -[110/1563] d ev elop ed p rob - isolat ion m et 00:02:07, hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 1.1.1.1 vialem 192.168.8.1, Serial0/0.101 "2.0.0.0/32 Snif f" t he w ir is e t osubnetted, sp ot n et w or k1issu es subnets

O C

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 2.2.2.2 [110/1563] via 192.168.8.2, 00:02:07, Serial0/0.101 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 192.168.8.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0.101 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets env iron ment s

C is CCNP directly connected, Loopback8 Desig ned 4.4.4.0 for aspir ing and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] Serial0/0.101 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full via of pr 192.168.8.1, act ical ex er cises00:02:07, t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Now at t hcon e spok r outt ral ers thav ned a d ef ing ault por rout ion t e v of ia OSPF, t h eycer shou ld ion, b e able t o in ping im port ht ant cep t se cen o t hee lear t r oubleshoot t he CCNP t ificat includ g

out side of t he specif ic net w or ks in t h eir r out in g t ables. Pin g is a t w o- w ay st r eet , h ow ev er, and you need t o m ak e su r e t he echo r eplies can r et ur n. Therefor e, in Ex am ple 8- 62 con figur e a st at ic r out e on r 5 t o get t o t h e 192 . 168. 8 .0 n et w or k using r 1 as t he n ex t hop befor e y ou st art y our p in g t est in g.

Exa m pl e 8 - 6 2 . Con f igu r in g a St a t i c Rout e on r 5 •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r5#configure terminal By Donna L. Har rington

r5(config)#ip route 192.168.8.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.8.5 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, r5(config)#end

20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r5#show ip84route Pages: 0 ... Gateway of last resort is not set Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble S 192.168.8.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.8.5 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. subnetted, 1 subnets Wit h t 5.0.0.0/24 his b ook, you is can: C

5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback8 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or subnetted, 1 subnets w172.16.0.0/30 it hout t h e act ualis equip ment

C

Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 172.16.8.4 is and directly connected, Serial0.101 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Diagn and t r oublesh ootcon actfigu u al rat pr oblem s byt est f ollow ings along w it h taut or- pbacks r ovided Fix any ot h ose er issues, save y our ion s, and t hing out using he hloop as in Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Ex am ple 8- 63. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl ef" t8he - 6w3ir.eTest e kOissu SPF " Snif t o sp iotng n ettwhor es Con f igu r at ion s Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o running-config negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1#copy startup-config App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r1#ping 2.2.2.2 env iron ment s Type escape sequence to abort. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt net w ork Trou bleshoot T) t op ics ttimeout hat p r ep are for t he CCNP Sending 5,er100-byte ICMP Echosin gto( CI2.2.2.2, is y2ouseconds: Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP !!!!! Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r1#ping 4.4.4.4 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! •

Table of Content s

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Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/59/60 ms CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1#p 5.5.5.5

By Donna L. Har rington

Type escape sequence to abort. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Sending 5,April 100-byte Pub Dat e: 0 4, 20 03 ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds: I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

!!!!!

Pages: 84 0

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/59/60 ms

Hand s- on running-config pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r2#copy startup-config t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2#ping 1.1.1.1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Type escape sequence to abort. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: w it hout t h e act ual equip ment !!!!!Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Success is 100 oot percent (5/5), = 60/60/60 ms I dentrate if y t r oublesh ing t ar get s usinground-trip pin g, t r ace, min/avg/max sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r2#ping 4.4.4.4 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Type Cat escape to abort. aly st ( rsequence ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in u ct or - d ev elop ed Echos p rob lem ion m et hods t o ris esolv Tr ouble Tick et s Sending 5,st r100-byte ICMP to- isolat 4.4.4.4, timeout 2 eseconds: !!!!!" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, =in clud ing issues w Success rate is and 100 r percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max 116/118/128 msit h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o 5.5.5.5 negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2#ping App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Type escape sequence to abort. env iron ment s Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP !!!!! Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSuccess rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 116/116/116 ms w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r4#copy running-config startup-config r4#ping 1.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: •

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•

I ndex

!!!!!

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/59/60 ms By Donna L. Har rington

r4#ping 2.2.2.2 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Type to abort. Pubescape Dat e: Aprilsequence 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds: Pages: 84 0

!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 116/118/128 ms Hand s- on 5.5.5.5 pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r4#ping t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Type escape sequence to abort. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or !!!!! w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Success rate ais 100 percent round-trip min/avg/max ms Est ablish baseline and docu(5/5), ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w=or112/114/116 k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5#copy running-config startup-config Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r5#ping 1.1.1.1 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g in st r usequence ct or - d ev elop p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Type Use escape to ed abort. " Snif5, f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k to issu1.1.1.1, es Sending 100-byte ICMP Echos timeout is 2 seconds: .....Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o rate negotis iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Success 0 percent (0/5) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Look s r) lik Ientev yt w h ing finebleshoot u nt il y ou o rt5. out ing f ixCCNP t he pr oblem , and Cisco( erer net ork is Trou in gget ( CItT) opAn icsalyze t hat pt he r eprare y out ab forle, t he cont inu e t est in g in Ex am ple 864. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Exa m pl e 8 - 6 4 . Ana ly zi ng, Fi xi ng, a n d Te st in g r 5

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5#show ip route Gateway of last resort is not set S

192.168.8.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.8.5 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

• •C

Table of Content s I ndex is directly connected, Loopback8 5.5.5.0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna 172.16.0.0/30 L. Har rington

is subnetted, 1 subnets

C

is directly connected, Serial0.101

172.16.8.4 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r5#configure terminal I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 r5(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0.101

r5(config)#end r5#show ip route Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased Gateway of last on Cisco resort I n t ernis et w0.0.0.0 or k Tr oubto leshoot network in g ( CI 0.0.0.0 T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:[1/0] via 172.16.8.5 S 192.168.8.0/24

C

5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e actis ualdirectly equip mentconnected, Loopback8 5.5.5.0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her is directly connected, Serial0.101 t r oub172.16.8.4 leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

S*

0.0.0.0/0 directly Serial0.101 Diagn ose andist r oublesh oot connected, act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r5#show ip protocols Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5#ping 1.1.1.1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Type escape sequence to abort. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and ICMP du plex , u t ilizat and collisions, b andw CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Sending 5, 100-byte Echos toion 1.1.1.1, timeout is idt 2 h, seconds: aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e !!!!! App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment Success rate iss 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms Desig ned 2.2.2.2 for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r5#ping Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam . Full pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Type escapeing sequence to ofabort. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LANICMP and WAN t opto ics.2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds: Sending 5, 100-byte Echos CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e !!!!! im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 116/116/120 ms r5#ping 4.4.4.4 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds: •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 112/113/116 ms By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

You w ould I SBN: hav 1- 58e720 been -0 57 -0 successfu l had y ou used t h e 192 .1 68. 8 .0 net w or k f or you r pin g t est s. Rem em b er t hat r5 is not r unn ing a r out in g p rot ocol at all an d is relyin g on st at ic an d d ef ault Pages: 84 0 r out es t o get t o t he cou ple of net w or ks it needs t o com m un icat e w it h . I n Ex am ple 8- 65, p er f orm a t r acer out e fr om r 5 t o r 4 t o see once ag ain h ow t he f r am e sw it ch is t r anspar en t t o r out ing .

Exa pl epr act 8 - 6ice 5 .forTrt he ace fr om r 5 t o r 4ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Handm s- on CCNP Tr oubleshoot t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r5#trace 4.4.4.4 u p ansequence d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Type Set escape to abort. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Tracing the route to 4.4.4.4 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 1 172.16.8.5 28 msec 28 msec 28 msec I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 2 192.168.8.4 56 msec 56 msec * Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Sav e you r conf ig ur at ions t o a f ile nam ed t t 2 ospf conf igs. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Con gr at ulat ions. You hav e successfu lly conf igur ed OSPF ov er Fr am e Relay NBMA usin g st at ic neighb or stze at ement s. r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy local and cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Trouble Ticket 3 Solution App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing

met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s I nst ead of u sin g st at ic n eig hbor st at em ent s in t he p receding Tr ouble Ticket , you could hav e conf igned ur edfor the ip ospf ne t wand ork CCI t yp E( e as in of Exessionals, am ple 8- 66. Desig aspir ing CCNP r) pr t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPmPrpl Exa acteical 8 - St 6 6ud. ies: ConTrfoublesh igu r inoot g tinhe g g ives ip ospf y ou an needg t we or ov k er Ty t hepe com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t1o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g r1(config)#router ospf

r1(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.8.2 r1(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.8.4 r1(config)#end r1#configure terminal •

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r1(config)#interface s0.100

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington r1(config-subif)#ip

broadcast Pub lish er: Cisco

ospf network ?

Press

Specify OSPF broadcast multi-access network

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

non-broadcast I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Specify OSPF NBMA network

point-to-multipoint

Specify OSPF point-to-multipoint network

point-to-point

Specify OSPF point-to-point network

r1(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tr1(config-subif)#end icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his brunning-config ook, you can: r1#copy startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r2#configure terminal Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2(config)#router ospf 1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r2(config-router)#no 192.168.8.1 t r oub leshoot ing t oolsneighbor an d u t ilit ies r2#configure terminal Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2(config)#interface s0.101 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2(config-subif)#end Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r2#copy running-config startup-config aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r4#configure terminal Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r4(config)#router ospf 1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r4(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.8.1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r4#configure terminal CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r4(config)#interface s0/0.101 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r4(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint r4(config-subif)#end r4#copy running-config startup-config

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First PI ra CCNP r em cti cal ov St edudi t hes: e st Trat ouble ic neighb shoot ing or st at ement s and t hen added t he ip ospf ne t w ork poin t - t opoi nt com m and t o r1 , r 2, an d r 4. This is not necessar y on r5 because it has a point - t o- p oint By Donna L. Har rington subin t er f ace r at h er t han m ult ipoint . Ver ify y our OSPF neigh bor s and ensur e y our pin gs st ill w or k as in Ex am ple 8- 67. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 -0 Exa mI SBN: pl e 1-858- 720 6 7-0. 57Ve r if yi ng O SPF N ei ghb or s Pages: 84 0

r1#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor Hand s- on pr IDact ice for Prit he CCNP StateTr oubleshoot ing Dead exam Time w it h TCP/ Address I P, LAN, an d WInterface AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ 00:01:59 192.168.8.2 Serial0.100 Wit h t his b ook, you can: 4.4.4.4 0 FULL/ 00:01:59 192.168.8.4 Serial0.100 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Using t h is m et h od d oes not requ ire m an ual n eigh bor st at em en t s or a DR/ BD R elect ion. All ping t est s Ishould ur ining g tthis Tr ouble Tick , It rm adesh a ow m ist ak e ,and cr g, eatan eddan ex t r aneous dent if ysucceed. t r oubleshDoot ar get s using pinetg, ace, , clear debu ot her subin tt reroub f ace. Rem ov e it in Ex am ple 868. leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided

Exa m Cat plaly e st8(-r )6 OS 8 . and De le Cisco t i ngI OS( a Subi r ) Sof tnt w ar erefcom acem and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snifip f" t he w ir e t o spbrief ot n et w or k issu es r1#show interface Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Ethernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Ethernet1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down env iron ment s Loopback8 YES NVRAM up isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds up on Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP 1.1.1.1 and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Serial0 YES unset upr eady f or challenges on tup Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full unassigned of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSerial0.100 YES NVRAM up up w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and192.168.8.1 WAN t op ics. Serial0.101 unassigned YESy ou unset CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides w it h p up ract ical inf or mat ion on all tup he im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0.105

172.16.8.5

YES NVRAM

up

up

Serial1

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

r1#configure terminal r1(config-if)#no interface s0.101 •

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% Not all config may be removed and may reappear after reactivating the CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

sub-interface

By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config)#end Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1#show ipApril interface brief Pub Dat e: 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Ethernet0

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Ethernet1

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Pages: 84 0

Protocol

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ Loopback8 1.1.1.1 YES NVRAM up I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble up t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial0 unassigned YES unset up up Wit h t his b ook, you can: Serial0.100

192.168.8.1

YES NVRAM

up

up

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Serial0.101 unassigned YES unset deleted down w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Serial0.105 172.16.8.5 NVRAM up Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our phYES ysical and logical n et w or k

up

Serial1 unassigned YES unset down I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh owadministratively , clear , debu g, an d ot her down t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1#copy running-config startup-config Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r1#reload Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Proceed with reload? [confirm] " Snif f" %SYS-5-RELOAD: t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 01:09:21: Reload requested ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o ip negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1>show interface brief App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status env iron ment s

Protocol

Ethernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Ethernet1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealLoopback8 1.1.1.1 YES NVRAM up up w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Serial0 unassigned YESy ou unset CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides w it h p up ract ical inf or mat ion on all tup he im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0.100

192.168.8.1

YES NVRAM

up

up

Serial0.105

172.16.8.5

YES NVRAM

up

up

Serial1

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

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The m or al of t h is st ory is t hat you hav e t o r eload t he rou t er t o com plet ely g et r id of t he un w ant ed CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing subin t er f ace. Sav e y our conf igur at ions t o a file nam ed t t 3 ospf conf igs. By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Trouble Ticket 4 Solution Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Ex am ple 8- 69 st ar t s b y m akin g sur e all D LCI s ar e act iv e befor e any ch anges ar e m ade. Shu t d ow n t he serPages: ial int84er0 faces on r3 ( t h e fr am e sw it ch ) and ob ser ve t he r esu lt s.

Exa m pl e 8 - 6 9 . O bser v in g Ser v ice Pr ov id er I ssu e s w i t h t h e Fr a m e Sw i t ch Shu t D ow n Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1#show frame-relay map Serial0.100 192.168.8.2 102(0x66,0x1860), Set u p an(up): d f ollowipalong w it h real- wdlci or ld lab scenar ios aligned tstatic, o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment broadcast, Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k CISCO, status defined, active I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Serial0.100 t r oub leshoot (up): ing tip ools 192.168.8.4 an d u t ilit ies dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided broadcast, Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g CISCO, status defined, active Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Serial0.105 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 105(0x69,0x1890), broadcast " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es status defined, active Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e frameswitch#configure terminal App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s frameswitch(config)#interface s0/0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on frameswitch(config-if)#shut Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, frameswitch(config-if)#interface CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in gs0/1 g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. frameswitch(config-if)#shut CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e frameswitch(config-if)#interface s0/2 ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot

frameswitch(config-if)#shut frameswitch(config-if)#interface s0/3 frameswitch(config-if)#shut

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Serial0.100 (down): ip 192.168.8.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static, By Donna L. Har rington broadcast,

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

CISCO, status deleted

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 (down): ip 192.168.8.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, Serial0.100

broadcast, CISCO, status deleted Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Serial0.105 (down): dlci broadcast t icket s b ased on Cisco I npoint-to-point t ern et w or k Tr oub dlci, leshoot in g ( CI105(0x69,0x1890), T) t opics. status deleted Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip r2#show frame-relay map ment Est ablish (down): a baselineipand docu ment y our ph 101(0x65,0x1850), ysical and logical n et wstatic, or k Serial0.101 192.168.8.1 dlci I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her broadcast, t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies CISCO, status deleted Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Serial0.101 (down): ip 192.168.8.4 dlci 101(0x65,0x1850), static, Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s broadcast, " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es CISCO, status deleted Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ly a blesh metwhor odology t o r ealrouore t ingI and chinerg im en t ing. The Not iceApp how I tlay ester ededt ot rou m ak e suroot e ting hin gs ked t o begin w life it h bef st artswit ed exp env iron ment s k ey wor d her e is delet ed. Th is is a serv ice pr ovid er issue. The DLCI s w er e once t h er e bu t n o long er ar e or per hap s t hey w ere never conf ig ur ed. Br ing only t h e s0 / 0 int erf ace up and observ e t h e Desig foram aspir CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r esult ned s in Ex pleing 8- 70. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealExa m pl e 8 - 7 0 . O bser v in g Ser v ice Pr ov id er I ssu e s w i t h s0 / 0 Up w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

frame-switch(config)#interface s0/0 frame-switch(config-if)#no shut frame-switch(config-if)#end !!!first look at the r1 end for dlci 102 •

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•

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r1#show frame-relay map CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Serial0.100 (down): ip 192.168.8.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static, By Donna L. Har rington

broadcast, Pub lish er: Cisco Press

CISCO, Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

status defined, inactive

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Serial0.100 (down): ip 192.168.8.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, Pages: 84 0

broadcast, CISCO, status defined, inactive Hand s- on pr act(down): ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an dbroadcast W AN t r ouble Serial0.105 point-to-point dlci, dlci w 105(0x69,0x1890), t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. status defined, inactive Wit h t his b ook, you can: !!!then look at the r2 end for the same pvc Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r2#show frame-relay map w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Serial0.101 192.168.8.1 dlci Est ablish (down): a baselineipand docu ment y our ph 101(0x65,0x1850), ysical and logical n et wstatic, or k broadcast, I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies CISCO, status deleted Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Serial0.101 192.168.8.4 dlci 101(0x65,0x1850), Cat aly st ( r(down): ) OS and ip Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t putstatic, , and loggin g Use in st r u ctbroadcast, or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he wCISCO, ir e t o spstatus ot n et w or k issu es deleted Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e The ef fect of br ing in g up t he s0/ 0 int er face on t h e fr am e sw it ch chang ed t h e DLCI t o an inact iv e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g st at e on t he local r 1 side. How ev er, t he ot h er en d of t he PVC on r2 is st ill delet ed . Mak e sur e y ou env iron ment s br ing all t h e int er faces up again befor e y ou st ar t t he n ex t Trou ble Ticket . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Trouble Ticket 5 .Solution CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldyou ap plicat ionplay of LAN ics.ice pr ov id er and m ix up t he D LCI s as in Ex am ple 8- 71. First should t he and r ole WAN of t het op serv Rem ove t he cor rect r ou t e st at em ent and t hen r out e w hat com es in t h e r3 int er face s0/ 1 as D LCI CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 10 2 ou t t h e s0/ 0 int er face as DLCI 1 01. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 8 - 7 1 . M i scon f igu r in g t he D LCI s

frame-switch#configure terminal • Table of Content s frame-switch(config)#interface s0/1 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing frame-switch(config-if)#no frame route 101 interface s0/0 102 By Donna L. Har rington

frame-switch(config-if)#frame route 102 interface s0/0 101 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

!!!first look at the frame switch for dlci 102 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 frame-switch#show frame-relay route Pages: 84 0

Input Intf

Input Dlci

Output Intf

Output Dlci

Status

Serial0/0

102

Serial0/1

101

inactive

Serial0/0 104t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot Serial0/2 Hand s- on pr act ice for ing exam w it101 h TCP/ I P, LAN, an dactive W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial0/0 105 Serial0/3 101 active Wit h t his b ook, you can: Serial0/1 102 Serial0/0 101 inactive Set u p an d f ollow w or ld lab scenar ios104 aligned t o each exactive am t op ic, w it h or Serial0/2 101 along w it h real-Serial0/0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Serial0/3 101 Serial0/0 105 active Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k !!!now look at the r1 end for dlci 102 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oubframe-relay leshoot ing t ools r1#show mapan d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Serial0.100 (up): ip 192.168.8.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static, Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g broadcast, Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s defined, " Snif f" t he wCISCO, ir e t o spstatus ot n et w or k issu es inactive Serial0.100 (up): 192.168.8.4 static, Analy ze local andipr em ot e access prdlci oblem104(0x68,0x1880), s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, broadcast, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e CISCO, activet o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App ly a lay er ed t roustatus blesh ootdefined, ing met h odology env iron ment s Serial0.105 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 105(0x69,0x1890), broadcast Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w orkdefined, Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP status active Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh r1#show frame-relay pvc 102 oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t=ant con cep t s cen t ral t=o tLOCAL, h e t r oubleshoot ing por ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat=ion, includ in g DLCI 102, DLCI USAGE PVC STATUS = t INACTIVE, INTERFACE Serial0.100

• •

input pkts 49

output pkts 45

in bytes 4108

out bytes 3944

dropped pkts 0

in FECN pkts 0

in BECN pkts 0

out FECN pkts 0

out BECN pkts 0

in DE pkts 0

out DE pkts 0

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out bcast pkts 0

out bcast bytes 0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington pvc create time

00:13:55, last time pvc status changed 00:01:15

!!!now atPress the r2 end for dlci 102 Pub lishlook er: Cisco Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r2#show frame-relay map I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Serial0.101 (down): ip 192.168.8.1 dlci 101(0x65,0x1850), static, broadcast, CISCO, status deleted Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I nip t ern192.168.8.4 et w or k Tr oub dlci leshoot101(0x65,0x1850), in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial0.101 (down): static, Wit h t his b ook, you can: broadcast, CISCO, status deleted Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k The f rI am e ifsw sh ow soot inact fr am e r out es r1, clear show,s debu an inact ivde ot st her at e, t oo. dent y itt rch oublesh ing ive t ar get s using pinfor g, tPVC r ace,1 02. sh ow g, an How ev , rleshoot 2 is m or e local o tdheu tpilit rob lem in t h e clou d an d sh ows a delet ed st at e f or DLCI 1 02. You t rer oub ing t oolst an ies k now it w as once t h er e because y ou con figu red it , bu t som et hing m yst er iou sly h appened in t he cloud.Diagn Fix t hose e ser v ice p rov ideroot issu in pr Exoblem am ples 8and t r oublesh actes u al by72. f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use ev elop p robFr lem - isolat ion meetSt hods Tick et s Exa m plin e st8r -u 7ct2or.- dFix in gedt he am e Rout a t et omr esolv en t einTr ouble t h e Cl oud " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h frame-switch(config)#interface s0/1 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e frame-switch(config-if)#frame route 101 interface s0/0 102 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g frameswitch(config-if)#no frame route 102 interface s0/0 101 env iron ment s frameswitch(config-if)#end Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr1#show frame-relay w or ld ap plicat ion of LANmap and WAN t op ics. Serial0.100 CCNP Pr act ical (up): St ud ies: ipTr192.168.8.2 oublesh oot in gdlci p r ovides 102(0x66,0x1860), y ou w it h p ract icalstatic, inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active Serial0.100 (up): ip 192.168.8.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, broadcast, •

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CISCO, status defined, active

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Serial0.105 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 105(0x69,0x1890), broadcast By Donna L. Har rington

status defined, active Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r2#show frame-relay map Pages: 84 0

Serial0.101 (up): ip 192.168.8.1 dlci 101(0x65,0x1850), static, broadcast, Hand s- on pr act ice for t hestatus CCNP Trdefined, oubleshootactive ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble CISCO, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial0.101 (up): ip 192.168.8.4 dlci 101(0x65,0x1850), static, Wit h t his b ook, you can: broadcast, Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or CISCO, status defined, active w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Trouble Ticket 6 Solution

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Tur n on comCisco pr ession r 1 as in eEx amm ple 8- 73. CatFr alyam st (er )Relay OS and I OS(on r ) Sof t w ar com and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl e 8 - 7 3 . Fr am e Rel ay Com pr essi on on r 1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r1(config)#interface s0.105 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r1(config-subif)#frame-relay payload-compression packet-by-packet App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r1(config-subif)#end Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r1#show frame-relay mapbleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Serial0.100 ipTr192.168.8.2 CCNP Pr act ical (up): St ud ies: oublesh oot in gdlci g ives102(0x66,0x1860), y ou an edg e ov er t hestatic, com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. broadcast, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cepCISCO, t s cen t ral status t o t h e defined, t r oubleshoot active ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial0.100 (up): ip 192.168.8.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active Serial0.105 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 105(0x69,0x1890), broadcast •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1#ping By Donna L. 5.5.5.5 Har rington Type sequence to abort. Pub escape lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds: I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

.....Pages:

84 0

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) r5#show frame-relay map Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Serial0.101 (up): dlci, dlci broadcast t icket s b ased on Ciscopoint-to-point I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g 101(0x65,0x1850), ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: status defined, active r5#ping 1.1.1.1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or it hout t hsequence e act ual equip ment Type wescape to abort. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her ..... t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Success rate is 0t r oublesh percent Diagn ose and oot(0/5) act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s The f r"am Snifef"map t heswlook ir e t fin o sp e, ot but n etmwism or katissu ched es com pr ession t y pes do not en able y ou t o com mu nicat e. Tur n comp ression on f or r 5, t h e ot her end of t he PVC, as in Ex am ple 8- 74. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, autpl o enegot encapsulat and Exa m 8 - 7iat 4 ion, . Fr addr am eessing Rel ,ay Com prion, essi onmor one Bot h End s of t h e PV C App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5#configure terminal Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5(config)#interface s0.101 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5(config-subif)#frame-relay packet-by-packet w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN tpayload-compression op ics. r5(config-subif)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5#ping 1.1.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! •

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Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/36/36 ms CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

NowPub t hlish ater: t hCisco ings Press ar e successfu l, t ur n fr am e com pr ession of f as in Ex am ple 8- 75. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Exa mPages: pl e 8480- 7 5 . Rem ovi ng Fr am e Rel ay Com pr ession on Bot h End s

r5#configure terminal Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r5(config)#interface s0.101 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r5(config-subif)#no Wit h t his b ook, you can:frame-relay payload-compression packet-by-packet r5(config-subif)#end Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r1#configure w it hout t h eterminal act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline s0.105 and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config)#interface I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1(config-subif)#no frame-relay payload-compression packet-by-packet t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config-subif)#end Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS andcan Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g !!!making sure you ping Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#ping 5.5.5.5 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Type escape sequence to abort. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Sending 5, 100-byte Echos toion 5.5.5.5, timeout is idt 2 h, seconds: cabling, sp eed and ICMP du plex , u t ilizat and collisions, b andw CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e !!!!! App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Success rate iss 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms env iron ment Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPprPr Com ession act icalw St or ud ks ies: if conf Tr oublesh igur ed t oot he in sam g geives on bot y ouh an en ds, edgbu e ov t m erany t het imes com pet it w it ion ork st hr b est ough notr ealw or ld conf ig ur aped plicat at all. ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Review Questions Use t his chapt er an d y our pr act ical t rou blesh oot ing kn ow ledg e and skills t o answ er t he f ollow ing qu est ions. Th e answ er s ar e locat ed in App en dix A, " An sw er s t o Rev iew Qu est ions. " •

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Can a udi sing am shoot e Relay CCNP1P: ra cti cal St es:le TrFr ouble ing

PVC be assigned diff erent DLCI s on each en d of a v ir t u al

circuit ? By Donna L. Har rington 2:

What ar e t he t hr ee possib le st at es f or a Fr am e Relay PVC? Ex plain.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub e: Aprilis 0 4, 3 : DatWhat t h20 e 03 result I SBN: 1- 58end 720 -0is 57set -0 ot her

if on e end of t he PVC is set t o t he d ef ault Cisco LMI t y pe and t he t o ANSI or Q9 33A?

Pages: 84 0

4:

Can y ou ping y our self in Fr am e Relay? Why or w hy not ?

5:

Headqu art er s is connect ed t o sev er al br anch off ice rou t er s t h r ough a Fr am e Relay cloud. You k now for a fact t hat t he h ub rou t er is v er sion 1 2. 1, b ut you ar e not sur e t all he rt em es. Keep aliv e act iv it y exam is occur ing at most of t an he dr emot ices bu t Hand s- onabou pr act icet for he ot CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing w itr h TCP/ I P, LAN, W ANet roff ouble not all of t hem . Wh at shou ld y ou ch eck ? t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. art ercan: s is connect ed t o sev er al br anch off ice rou t er s t h r ough a Fr am e Relay Wit h6 t:hisHeadqu b ook, you cloud. Th e engineer at one of t h e br anch off ices is hav ing pr oblem s comm u nicat in g w it h anot her b ran ch of fice. How can you help him out ? Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 7w : it hout Ex plain t h e t act he ual ou t put equip ofment show f ra m e - r e la y m ap in t h e follow ing ex am ple: Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1#show frame-relay map " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Serial1 (up): ip 192.168.5.6 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), dynamic, Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h broadcast,, status defined,b andw active cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 8 : You hav e decided t o cont act y our ser vice p rov ider abou t g et t in g a high er CI R t o Desig nedallocat for aspir ingeCCNP and E( r) pr yofou essionals, t hisexind isp en sab le lab gent uideprboblem uilds on e mor b andw idt hCCI b ecause hav e been periencing consist s Cisco( r) Iwntiter w ork Trou ( CI T) t ion op ics r ep are y oucom for mt he h net dr opped packbleshoot et s due tino gcongest ont hat t h e pPVC. W hat andCCNP did y ou u se t o Tr oubleshoot . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, det ering minexam e t his? CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld LANsh and ics. Cisco en capsulat ion is fine. Wh at Fr ame Relay 9 : ap plicat I n an ion all- of Ciscoop WAN Fr am et op Relay, encapsulat ion t yp e is av ailab le for ot her vend or s? CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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10 :

Point - t o- point su bint er faces ar e oft en used in config ur ing Fr am e Relay t o avoid t he r out ing issu es w it h m ain int erf aces and mu lt ipoint con figu rat ion s. Do y ou need an I P add ress on t he m ain int er face if using point - t o- point su bint er faces?

11 :

How d oes a r out er get a DLCI ?

12 :

You ar e at t emp t ing t o f ix a b ad I P addr ess on a Fram e Relay in t er f ace, b ut t he Tableg of s m appin is Content st ill show ing t h e old ad dr ess. Wh at shou ld y ou do? I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Summary Lay er 2 WAN issues boil d own t o some p r et t y basic t r oublesh oot ing. I n t erf aces an d con t roller s ar e t he main t ar get s. For exam ple, if ser ial x is d ow n an d t he line p rot ocol is dow n, check t he follow ing : •

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CCNP PCab ra ctile cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

I nt er face

PubCSU/ lish er:DSU Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Serv ice pr720 ov id er -0issues I SBN: 1- 58 -0 57 Pages: 84 0

I f ser ial x is u p an d t he line p rot ocol is dow n, check t he follow in g: Clock in g an d DTE/ DCE cab le/ int er face Enon capprsuact latice ionfor t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hand st icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. LMI t y pe Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ot h er Fr am e Relay config ur at ion Loop s Set uback p an dt est f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Serv ice pr ov id er issues Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Fram e Relay is a Lay er 2 ed ge t echnology t hat is econom ic, scalab le, m an ageable, and opt im al for t he p ublic p riv at eoot WAN. ions ar e g, t h rou gh vshir ow t u al circuit s. Thg, e en I dent if y tor r oublesh ing t Connect ar get s using pin t r ace, , clear , debu antdireotpat herh is k now n up f ron t ( PVC) , and t h e big adv ant age t o t h is is not hav in g t o set up an d t ear d ow n t he circuit s. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Unlike it s pr ed ecessor , X. 25 , Fram e Relay h as er r or d et ect ion at Lay er 2 bu t leaves t h e er r or corr ect ion uose p t oand t h et rupp er layoot er s.act Figur 1 4 shs ows a picting or ial r ev iew t r oubleshoot ing Fr ame Diagn oublesh u al epr8oblem by f ollow along w it of h aut h or- p r ovided Relay.Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t heFigu w ir e rt e o sp n et oram k issu 8 -ot1 4 . wFr e es Rel ay

Tr ou ble sh oot in g Re vi ew

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: This chap t er focused on r eal- w orld WAN issues r elat ing t o Fram e Relay at Lay er 2 wit h specif ic r out ing Setpruot p ocol an d issues f ollow at along t he w upit per h reallayer w or s ld as lab a r esult scenar ofios t healigned NBMA t o opology each ex . Th ame tnex op ic, t chapt w it h er or cont inu w ites hout t o ftocu h e sact onual t r oublesh equip ment oot ing WAN issues t o cont in ue t o build y our t r oub leshoot ing skills. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 9. Shooting Trouble with HDLC, PPP, ISDN BRI, and Dial Backup •This chap t er Table of Content addr esses v arsiou s CCNP Sup por t WAN t opics. I t includes scen arios and Trou ble •Ticket s f or HighI ndexLev el Dat a Lin k Cont r ol ( HD LC) , Point - t o- Point Pr ot ocol ( PPP) , I nt eg rat ed CCNP P ra ctiDigit cal Staludi es:w Tror ouble shootRat ing e I nt er face ( I SDN BRI ) , and Dial Back up. I t is assu m ed y ou Serv ices Net k Basic hav e int er net w or king ex perience par t icular ly w it h I P and r out ing pr ot ocols in t he WAN. You w ill By Donna L. Har rington analy ze t hese WAN t echn ologies in div id ually and t oget h er f or m or e pr act ical applicat ion. Th is chapt er in com binat ion w it h t he pr eviou s chapt er s pr epar es you f or t he n ex t ch apt er and Pub lish er: Cisco Press pr act ical int er net w ork sup por t w h er e y ou m ust int egr at e var ious sk ills an d pr ed ef ined Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 t r oub leshoot ing m et hods t o solve num erou s issu es. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

I n su ppor Pages: t ing 84 0t h e WAN, m any t im es t he b at t le is deciding w het her t h e pr oblem is in fact y our s or w het her it is a serv ice pr ov id er issue. You w ill analy ze r eal- w or ld WAN issu es, ident if y t r oub leshoot ing t ar get s, and d ocu ment t he result s u sing p in g, t r ace, show , clear , d eb ug and ot her t r ou bleshoot in g ut ilit ies. Gain pr act ical ex per ien ce by f ollow ing t h e t ext , figu res, and exam ples or u se my guidelines t o build t he scen arios and Trou ble Ticket s y our self . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble This chap t er cov er s t he f ollowin g t opics: t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h tScen his bario: ook, Shoot you can: ing Tr oub le on t he WAN WAN Ter m inology Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment HDLC Est PPPablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k II SDN dent ifBRI y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dial- on- D em and Rout ing Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( rup ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Dial Back Use in st rTick u ct or Tr ouble et -sd ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s "TrSnif f" t he wet ir eSolut t o spions ot n et w or k issu es ouble Tick Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing Supporting Website Files

met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

env iron ment s You can f ind files and link s t o u t ilit ies t h at sup por t t h is book on t he Cisco Press Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on w ebsit e at w w w .ciscop r ess.com / 15 872 005 70. Even if you do not hav e a lab , y ou can Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP t ak e adv ant ag e of t he sup por t ing config ur at ion f iles in clu ding t he log s t o u nder st and Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, dev ice in put and out p ut . Th e files ar e list ed t hr oug hout t he ch apt ers in it alics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealwIor of LAN andand WAN t op n ld ordap erplicat t o beion able t o read w or k ics. w it h som e of t he su ppor t ing f iles of fer ed at w w w .ciscop r ess.com / 15 872 005 70, y ou m ay w ant t o dow n load som e of t he pr ogr ams CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e list ed in Table I - 1 in t h e I n t r oduct ion. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Scenario: Shooting Trouble on the WAN This chap t er uses som e of t h e same devices you h ave b een w ork ing w it h t hr oug hout t he b ook. First you need t o adj ust you r phy sical t opology as sh ow n in Figur e 9- 1 . You w ill t hen w or k on Lay er 2, Lay er 3, and so on . The Trou ble Tick et s in Ch apt er 8, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h Fr am e •Relay, " coverTable ofen Content ed Op Shorst est Pat h Fir st ( OSPF) , Bor der Gat ew ay Pr ot ocol ( BGP) , and Fram e •Relay t r oubles I ndex u sing m ult ipoin t an d p oin t - t o- p oin t sub in t erf aces. For a lit t le var iet y, you w ill CCNP St udiced es: Tr ouble shoot ing w or k Pwraitcti h cal Enhan I nt er ior Gat ew ay Rout in g Pr ot ocol ( EI GRP) and I n t erm ediat e Sy st em - t oI ntDonna er mediat erington Syst em ( I S- I S) on t he WAN in t his chap t er . By L. Har Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Figu r e 9 - 1 . Sh oot in g Tr ou ble on t he W AN

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut oTE negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e NO Appyou ly ar lay erew edork t rouup blesh ootifing h odology t o trhe eal-I SDN life rou t ingUnfor and tswit Do hom fr ont youmet plan t o set up labs. u natchin ely ,gt here is envback iron -ment s cable plan for I SD N, so y ou need an I SDN sw it ch or I SDN sim u lat or of no t o- back som e t yp e. Keep in mind t h at if y our BRI por t s ar e S/ T, w h ich m ost 25 00 por t s ar e, Desigyned ingd ep CCNP andon CCI E( specific r) pr of essionals, t hisofind isp en sab le b uilds ou nfor eedaspir NT1s en ding t he capab ilit ies y our I SDN swlab it chg uide or sim ulat oron . Cisco( r) Imntore er net ork Trou in gBRI ( CI t op ics On t hat p rtep y oueconom for t heical CCNP For detwails, see tbleshoot he " I SDN " T) sect ion. e of heare most solut ions I Tr oubleshoot examlat . Full ex er cises t h at fou nd foring a simu or isofatprwact w wical .cheapisdn .com . g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr actio ical St ud oublesh oot p r ovides w itigur h pat ract ortmat ionscr onatall The scenar goal is ies: for yTrou t o m od if yinygour ex ist in ygou conf ionical or inf st ar f r om ch tthoeb uild a im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in gg t he scenar io t hat you can con t inue t o bu ild of f of w it h t h e var ious WAN t opics. Do t hat now u sin

follow ing gu id elines. Add r out er 6 ( r 6) , and r ed ep loy r1 t h rou gh r 5 so t hat t hey ar e best ut ilized for t he ap pr opr iat e LAN and WAN int er face r equir ement s. Just r em em ber t o label y our d ev ices as in Figur e 9- 1 if y ou m ake an y ph ysical changes so t hat you can follow along w it h t he chap t er . Con nect r 5s1 t o r 6s1 using a b ack - t o- b ack ser ial cab le. My r 6 is a 25 20. How ev er , y ou can u se w hat ev er has t h e cor r ect nu mb er of in t erf aces f or t h e scenar ios. I t is pr efer r ed t h at r 5 and r 6 bot h h ave an I SDN BRI int er face f or lat er use. All dat a lin ks sh ould be using t h e defau lt encapsulat ion t yp e t o t ran sp or t I P an d EI GRP aut onom ous sy st em 10 9. I am rest r ict in g y ou t o subn et 0; 192 . 168 .9 .0 / 27 for now . • Table of Content s •

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Dr aw a pict ur e of t he phy sical lay out and label t h e per t inent it em s as in Figur e 9- 1 . Af t er t he CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing ph ysical connect ivit y , conf igur e all r out er s st ar t ing w it h r 1 . My inst r uct ions st ar t fr om t h e en ding By Donna rington conf ig urL.atHar ions of Ch apt er 8. Chang e t he r out in g p r ot ocol fr om OSPF t o EI GRP, t he en cap su lat ion fr om Fr am e Relay t o HD LC, and accoun t f or t h e new r out er s and add resses as in Ex am ple 9- 1. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

TherPub e is not alw ays on e r ight or w r ong w ay t o accom plish t h e t asks pr esent ed. Th e abilit y t o Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 obt ain t h e en d r esult u sin g g ood pr act ices is ext r em ely im por t ant in any r eal- wor ld net w or k. My I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 t r oub leshoot ing and d ev ice con figu rat ion s ar e pr esent ed st ar t in g in Ex am ple 9- 1 so t hat you can Pages: 84 0 com par e you r w or k and per haps see a diff er ent appr oach t o ob t aining t he end r esu lt . Use t he pr eviou s check list s, y our st ep - by - st ep t r oub leshoot ing m et hodolog y, and t he WAN ch eck list in Table 9 - 1 t o assist in t est ing. Fr am e Relay is not included in t his check list bu t w as cov ered back in Ch apt er 8. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, Tab you can: le 9 -1 .

W AN Q u ick Tr ou bl eshoot i ng Ch e ck li st

I solaSet t inugpPan rob m s along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t oCom m aexnds ndic, w it h or d le f ollow each am at op Sy m pt om s w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Ping Est is aablish q uickainit ial t estand f or any rou blesh oot inysical g. Ext and en ded p in g n etpiwng baseline docutment y our ph logical or k giv es you m or e opt ion s. if y tsr oublesh oot ing t arf or getconnect s using ivit pinyg,ant rdace, owan , clear aned ot her Tr aceI dent is ping' com panion t est p er fsh orm ce. , tdebu ra cerg,out t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ex t ended t r ace giv es y ou m ore opt ions. Diagn r oublesh u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along show w it h aut h orp r ovided Ch eck Phy ose sicaland Lay ter st at us oot an dact clocking . cont r oll er s s 0 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g show cont r oll er s bri 0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s show cont r oll er s t 1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Ch eck int er face st at u s and encapsulat ion.

show i p i nt e rf ace br ie f show i nt e rf aces [ int erf ace] show i nt e rf aces s0

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

show i nt e rf aces bri 0 [1 | 2] show i p i nt e rf ace s [ int erf ace] show cdp ne ig hbor s [ de t a il ] cle ar i nt e rf ace ?

Pages: 84 0

cle ar coun t er s Mon it or using dat e an d t im e st am ps for logg ing and debug act ivit y .

ser vi ce t im e st a m ps de bug d at e t im e l oca l t im e m se c Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ser vi ce t im e st a m ps l og da t e t im e l oca lt i m e m se c Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ar e y ou com m unicat ing w it h t he p rov ider ? Hav e y ou ev er show i sd n st a t us com mu nicat ed w it h t he p rov ider ? I f Lay er 1 is deact iv at ed, ch eck p an d f ollow along w ,it h realor ldconf lab igscenar ios aligned t oshow each di exaam le r t op ic, w it h or y our Set sw ituch t y pe con figu rat ion SPI Ds,wand ur at ion. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment de bug d ia le r Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k show di a le r int e rf a ce b ri I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , 0debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies show i sd n h ist ory Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided de bug ria l ignt e rfa ce Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , andse loggin Ch eck y our er 3 ed m appin g. I-SDN ow n Lay 2 di aTick le r et msa p Use in stLayer r u ct or2- d/ Lay ev elop p rob lem isolathas ion itmset hods t oerr esolv eshow Tr ouble and Lay er 3. Lay er 3 is f or signaling an d h as not h in g t o do w it h [* ] show i sd n st a t us t he bearer ayload I PnLay " Snif f" pt he w ir e being t o sp ot et wer or k3.issu es Analy ze I SDN Layer 2 com mu nicat ions bet w een y ou and t he local show i sd n st a t us Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sw it ch ( local loop) . cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, de bug i sd n q 9 2 1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Analy ze I SDN Layer 3 act ivit y ( en d- t o- end signaling ) . show i sd n st a t us App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s de bug i sd n q 9 3 1 Verif ned y endending PPPCCNP aut h en t icat ion. de bug p pp negbot ia t ion Desig fort oaspir and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP p pp Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady de f orbug challenges on t he j ob, a ut he nt ca t iton CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet iti ion hr ough r ealwVerif or ld yap plicatur ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. config at ion. show r un int e r fa ce b ri 0 CCNP acticat icale St ootider in g . p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Com mPrun w itud h ies: t he Tr seroublesh vice pr ov im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[*]

Q9 31 deals w ith I SDN end- to- end call setup, but ther e is no Layer 3 addr ess. The E.164 phone num ber w ould be like your MAC addr ess on t he LAN, w hich technically m akes I SDN par t of the Layer 2 dat a- lin k r ealm .

Ex am ple 9- 1 illust r at es t he rou t er con figu rat ion s for r1 t h rou gh r 3 accor ding t o t his chapt er 's sect ion " Shoot in g Tr oub le on t he WAN Scenar io. " Ex am ple 9- 2 sh ows t he sam e for r4 t h rou gh r 6. •

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Exa m pl e 9 - 1 . Sh oot in g Tr ou ble on t h e W AN r 1 Th r ou gh r 3 By Donna L. Har Con f igu r atrington ion CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r1(config)#interface s0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r1(config-if)#shut r1(config-if)#encap hdlc r1(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tr1(config-if)#ip icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et192.168.9.1 w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. address 255.255.255.252 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config-if)#no shut r1(config-if)#no router ospf 1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config)#router eigrp 109 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r1(config-router)#network 192.168.9.0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r1(config-router)#end t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1#copy running-config Diagn ose and t r oubleshstartup-config oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r2(config)#interface s0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r2(config-if)#shut " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r2(config-if)#encap hdlc Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex r2(config-if)#bandwidth 64, u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.9.6 255.255.255.252 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r2(config-if)#no shut Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r2(config-if)#no router ospf 1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r2(config)#router eigrp 109 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r2(config-router)#network 192.168.9.0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r2(config-router)#end im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2#copy running-config startup-config frame-switch(config)#hostname r3 r3(config)#interface s0/0 r3(config-if)#shut •

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r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64 By Donna L. Har rington r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.9.2 255.255.255.252 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r3(config-if)#no Pages: 84 0 shut r3(config-if)#interface s0/1 r3(config-if)#shut Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r3(config-if)#encap t icket s b ased on Cisco I nhdlc t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r3(config-if)#ip w it hout t h e act ual address equip ment 192.168.9.5 255.255.255.252 Est ablish a baseline r3(config-if)#no shut and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ings0/2 t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r3(config-if)#interface t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r3(config-if)#shut Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and hdlc Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r3(config-if)#encap Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r3(config-if)#bandwidth 64 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r3(config-if)#ip address 255.255.255.252 cabling, sp eed and du plex192.168.9.9 , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r3(config-if)#no shut App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r3(config-if)#interface s0/3 env iron ment s r3(config-if)#shut Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full r3(config-if)#encap hdlc of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and 64 r3(config-if)#bandwidth WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r3(config-if)#clock rate 64000 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.9.13 255.255.255.252 r3(config-if)#no shut r3(config-if)#router eigrp 109 r3(config-router)#network 192.168.9.0 •

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r3(config-router)#end

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r3#copy running-config startup-config By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 57 -0 Exa mI SBN: pl e 1-958- 720 2 . -0Sh oot in g Tr ou ble on t h e W AN r 4 Th r ou gh r 6 Con fPages: igu r 84 at0 ion

r4(config)#interface s0/0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r4(config-if)#shut t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:hdlc r4(config-if)#encap r4(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.9.10 255.255.255.252 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r4(config-if)#no shut I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r4(config-if)#no router ospf 1 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r4(config)#router eigrp 109 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r4(config-router)#network 192.168.9.0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r4(config-router)#end " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r4#copy running-config startup-config Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du r5(config)#interface s0plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5(config-if)#shut App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5(config-if)#encap hdlc Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and r5(config-if)#bandwidth 64 CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of 192.168.9.14 pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r5(config-if)#ip address 255.255.255.252 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN r5(config-if)#no shutand WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r5(config)#interface s1 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5(config-if)#shut r5(config-if)#encap hdlc r5(config-if)#bandwidth 64 r5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.9.18 255.255.255.252 •

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r5(config-if)#no shut • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r5(config-if)#no router ospf 1 By Donna L. Har rington

r5(config)#router eigrp 109 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r5(config-router)#network Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 192.168.9.0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r5(config-router)#exit Pages: 84 0 r5#copy running-config startup-config Router(config)#hostname r6 Hand s- on pr act ice for t hes0 CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r6(config)#interface t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6(config-if)#bandwidth 64 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r6(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r6(config-if)#ip address 192.168.9.17 255.255.255.252 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r6(config-if)#no shut and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline r6(config-if)#router I dent if y t r oublesh ooteigrp ing t ar109 get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r6(config-router)#network 192.168.9.0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r6(config-router)#end Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed donna p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r6(config)#enable secret " Snif f" t he w ir console e t o sp ot n0et w or k issu es r6(config)#line Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r6(config-line)#logging synchronous cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r6(config-line)#end App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r6#copy running-config startup-config env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

NO TE CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e houcon gh cep it ist snot requ t t o shut dow t het ion in t er as in cer t h et ificat pr ev ious im porAlt t ant cenat ral t oirtem h e en t r oubleshoot ingnpor off aces t he CCNP ion, includ in g

exam ples, it is a best p ract ice.

Ev en t houg h y ou t ook a rou t er - b y- r out er appr oach t o conf ig ur at ion, t ak e a layer - by - layer app roach t o t est ing and t r oub leshoot in g t he scenar io. Fir st check you r con t r oller s, int er faces, and dev ices as in Ex am ple 9- 3. •

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Exa m pl e 9 - 3 . Te st in g Cont r oll er s, I nt e r f aces, an d De vi ces CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press r1#show controllers s 0 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

HD unit 0,1- 58 idb = 570x10DB70, driver structure at 0x113008 I SBN: 720 -0 -0 Pages: 84 0

buffer size 1524

HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable

... r1#show ip interface brief Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ethernet0

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Ethernet1 YES unset administratively Set u p an d f ollow alongunassigned w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am down t op ic, down w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Loopback8 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Serial0 192.168.9.1 YES manual up up I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Serial0.100 192.168.8.1 YES manual deleted down Diagn ose and t r oublesh172.16.8.5 oot act u al pr oblemYES s by manual f ollow ingdeleted along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Serial0.105 down Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Serial1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r1#show cdp neighbors Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e - blesh Switch, - Host, I -t oIGMP, r rou - Repeater App ly a lay er ed tSrou oot ingH met h odology r eal- life t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r3 Serbleshoot 0 R are y ou for 3640 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou in g ( CI 143 T) t op ics t hat p r ep t he CCNP Ser 0/0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r1#show cdp detail oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical neighbors St ud ies: Tr oublesh w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ------------------------CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Device ID: im por t ant conr3 cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.9.2 Platform: cisco 3640, Interface: Serial0, •

Capabilities: Router

Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0/0

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•Holdtime : I 134 ndex sec CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Version By Donna L. : Har rington Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

IOS (tm) 3600 Software (C3640-JS-M), Version 12.0(13), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: Copyright

84 1986-2000 0

by cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Tue 05-Sep-00 21:39 by linda

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r2>show controllers 0 et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. t icket s b ased on Cisco I nst ern Wit hunit HD t his b0, ook, idb you = can: 0x107EAC, driver structure at 0x10D340 buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ... w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline brief and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2>show ip interface I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ethernet0 down down Diagn ose and t r oubleshunassigned oot act u al pr oblemYES s by unset f ollow ingadministratively along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Loopback8 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Serial0 192.168.9.6 YES manual up up " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Serial0.101 192.168.8.2 YES manual deleted down Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Serial1 cabling, sp eed and du plex unassigned , u t ilizat ion and YES collisions, unset b andw administratively idt h, CSMA/ CD, down on e- wdown ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r2>show cdp neighbors detail App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g envID: iron ment Device r3 s Desig for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Entryned address(es): Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, IP address: 192.168.9.5 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of3640, LAN andCapabilities: WAN t op ics. Platform: cisco Router CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: TrPort oublesh in g p r ovides y ou wSerial0/1 it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Interface: Serial0, ID oot (outgoing port): im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Holdtime : 172 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 3600 Software (C3640-JS-M), Version 12.0(13), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) •

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Copyright 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Compiled Tue 05-Sep-00 21:39 by linda By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

My ou tIput Ex720 am-0ple SBN:in 1- 58 57 -09- 3 on ly show s r 1 an d r2 . How ev er , y ou shou ld com plet e t he sam e st eps for all Pages: y our 84 dev ices. The com m ands show cont r oll er s, show ip in t er fa ce bri e f, an d show cdp 0 ne ig hbor s de t ai l ar e on ce again quit e h elpf ul for t ar g et ing low er- lev el issues. The r 3 and r 6 ser ial int er f aces ar e DCE, w her eas all ot her s ar e DTE. All used int er f aces ar e up and u p, an d show cdp ne ig hbor s d isp lays t he app rop riat e neig hbor s. Af t er all of t hat , how ev er , r 6 cann ot ping r 1. Bounce t h e int erf aces ( shut / no sh ut ) if n eeded because you m ade so m any chang es. You m ig ht w ant t o r eload t o get r id of all t he ex t r aneous d elet ed sub int erf aces. Th is is t he on ly Hand pr act he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam wer it hface TCP/ I P, LAN, d W AN r ouble w ay tso on t r uly getice r idfor of tdelet ed subint er faces f rom t he I nt Descript or an Block ( I D tB) t ab le. tCon icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. t inue t est ing up t h e st ack as in Ex am ple 9- 4. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pl e 9 - 4 . Cont in ue Te st in g u p t he St a ck Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r6#ping 192.168.9.1 I dent5, if y 100-byte t r oublesh oot ing tEchos ar get s to using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clearis , debu g, an d ot her Sending ICMP 192.168.9.1, timeout 2 seconds: t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies !!!!! Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 84/84/88 ms Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r6#ping 192.168.9.6 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.6, timeout is 2 seconds: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h !!!!!cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 88/88/88 ms App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r6#ping 192.168.9.10 env iron ment s Desig ned 5, for 100-byte aspir ing CCNP CCI E(to r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp enis sab2le seconds: lab g uide b uilds on Sending ICMPand Echos 192.168.9.10, timeout Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, !!!!! CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat LANpercent and WAN(5/5), t op ics. round-trip min/avg/max = 84/86/88 ms Success rateion isof100 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r6#ping 192.168.9.14 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.14, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/32/32 ms r1#ping 192.168.9.17 •

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Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.17, timeout is 2 seconds: CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

!!!!!

By Donna L. Har rington

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 84/86/88 ms Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1#ping 192.168.9.6 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.6, timeout is 2 seconds: Pages: 84 0

!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/56/60 ms Hand s- on 192.168.9.10 pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1#ping t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.10, timeout is 2 seconds: Wit h t his b ook, you can: !!!!! Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 56/58/60 ms w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her The t est ingleshoot f rom r6 t he ot esses and f rom r 1 t o t he ot her add resses ap pears t o be t r oub ingt ot ools anh deruaddr t ilit ies fin e. Check you r low er - lay er t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s ( cont r oller s an d in t er f aces) an d t r oub Diagn leshoot ose asand r eq uir t r oublesh ed . oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es NO TE Analy ze local e taccess oblem hernchapt et net in clud ing issues w it hs Mak e sur e t herand e arreem nootlef ov er s fpr rom t he spin revEtious erwsor t hks, at ar e causing pr oblem speeed duing plex collisions, b andw idtice h, tCSMA/ ifcabling, t hing s ar notand w ork as, uwtrilizat it t en.ion I t and is alw ay s a good pr act o k nowCD, w h on at eis w inay lin k, negot iatat ion, addr encapsulat ion,asand mor yaut ouro conf igur ions an dessing wh y, , so now is just good ofe a t ime as any t o ch eck t h at . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Now cr eat e loopback 9 6 . 6. 6. 6/ 32 on r 6. Ad ver t ise all t he loop backs in EI GRP as in Ex am ple 9- 5. Desig for taspir inginCCNP andinCCI E( r)ple pr 9of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Then ned r ev iew he r out g t ables Ex am 6. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealExa m pl e 9 - 5 . Adv er t isin g t he Loopb ack s i n EI GRP w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6(config)#interface loopback 9 r6(config-if)#ip address 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 r6(config-if)#router eigrp 109 r6(config-router)#network 6.6.6.6 •

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r6(config-router)#end

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r6#copy running-config startup-config By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config)#router eigrp 109 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r1(config-router)#end Pages: 84 0

r1#copy running-config startup-config r2(config)#router eigrp 109 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP2.2.2.2 Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r2(config-router)#network t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2(config-router)#end Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2#copy running-config startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r3(config)#router eigrp 109 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r3(config-router)#end I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r3#copy running-config startup-config Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ... Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed pIP-EIGRP rob lem - isolat ionNeighbor m et hods t192.168.9.6 o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 1d16h: 109: (Serial0/1) is " Snifnew f" t headjacency w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es up: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem Et hern et 192.168.9.14 net w or ks, in clud ing issues w itis h 1d16h: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 109:s in Neighbor (Serial0/3) cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o new negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e up: adjacency App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 1d16h: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 109: Neighbor 192.168.9.10 (Serial0/2) is env iron ment s up: new adjacency Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r4(config)#router eigrp 109 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.4 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r4(config-router)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r4#copy running-config startup-config r5(config)#router eigrp 109 r5(config-router)#network 5.5.5.5 r5(config-router)#end •

Table of Content s

•

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r5#copy running-config startup-config CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Ex am Pubple lish er: 9- Cisco 5 illust Press r at es creat ing t h e new loopb ack on r 6 and assu m es t hat t he ot her loop backs ar e Pub alr ead in p0lace. Then t hey ar e add ed t o EI GRP aut on om ous syst em 1 09. Not e t he log Dat e:y April 4, 20 03 m essages n on I SBN:show 1- 58 720 -0 57r3 -0. They t ell y ou t hat t he r out er h as been u p f or 1 day an d 16 hour s ( 1d 16h ) ; h ow ev er, it is helpf ul t o hav e m or e accu rat e dat e an d t im e st am ps associat ed w it h you r Pages: 84 0 log messages. To assist w it h t h at , conf ig ur e t he follow ing st at em ent s on y our d ev ices:

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: clock set ? Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment service timestamps debug datetime localtime msec Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k service timestamps log datetime localtime msec I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided En su re Catyou aly st set ( r )t hOS e clock and Cisco and p IutOS( in rt)h Sof e prt w evar ious e com t i mmeand st am inp psutcom , ou m t put ands , and abov loggin e befor g e y ou cont inu e. Check t he r esult s of adv ert ising t he loop back s int o EI GRP by r ev iew in g you r r out ing in st r uple ct or9- d6. ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s t ablesUse in Ex am " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Exa m pl e 9 - 6 . Re vi ew in g t he Rout ing Ta ble s Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r6#show ipa route App ly lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s ... Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on D Cisco( 1.0.0.0/8 r) I nt er net w[90/41664000] ork Trou bleshootvia in g ( 192.168.9.18, CI T) t op ics t hat p00:00:19, r ep are y ou Serial0 for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, D [90/41664000] via Serial0 CCNP 2.0.0.0/8 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g192.168.9.18, g ives y ou an edg00:00:19, e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. D 4.0.0.0/8 [90/41664000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:19, Serial0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t192.168.9.0/24 ant con cep t s cen t is ral tvariably o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g subnetted, 6 t subnets, 2 masks

D

192.168.9.0/30 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:20, Serial0

D

192.168.9.0/24 is a summary, 00:01:49, Null0

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192.168.9.4/30 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:20, Serial0

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192.168.9.8/30 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:20, Serial0

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Table of Content s I ndex 192.168.9.12/30 [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:20, Serial0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. 192.168.9.16/30 C Har rington is directly connected, Serial0

D

[90/40640000] Pub 5.0.0.0/8 lish er: Cisco Press

via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:21, Serial0

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

6.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

C D

Pages: 84 0

6.6.6.6/32 is directly connected, Loopback9 6.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:01:49, Null0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Hopefu lly , t h e 1. 0. 0 .0 / 8, 2 .0 . 0. 0/ 8, 4. 0. 0. 0/ 8 , and 5. 0 .0 . 0/ 8 w it h a m issing 3. 0. 0. 0 look ed Wit h t hist ob ook, you par can: st r ange y ou com ed t o t h e dir ect ly conn ect ed loop back r out ing t ab le en t ry of 6. 6. 6. 6/ 3 2. Fix t he issue as in Ex am ple 9- 7 so t hat t he loopb acks ar e show n as a / 32 in t he r out in g t ab les and so y ou can see net w or k 3. 3. 3. 3. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Exa m e 9 - a7 baseline . Fi xi ngand t hdocu e Loopba ck ph s ysical and logical n et w or k Estpl ablish ment y our I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r1(config)#router eigrp 109 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r1(config-router)#no auto-summary Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r1(config-router)#end " Snifrunning-config f" t he w ir e t o sp otstartup-config n et w or k issu es r1#copy Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Dec 21 04:07:28.723: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Ex am ple 9- 7 on ly illu st r at es t h e no au t o- sum m ar y com m and on r1 , bu t y ou should configu r e tDesig his r ou t erfor con fig m ode com and man CCI d onE(all devices. Not how logg g ch anges t o sh on ow ned aspir ing CCNP r) yprour of essionals, t hise ind ispt he en sab leinlab g uide b uilds yCisco( ou t he t im e and dat e st amp of t h e con figu rat ion chan ge. r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, When y ou edudt he ack n et wor at em en tan s inedg Ex am as host ( 6. 6t .6 ) w itr healout a CCNP Pr actent icalerSt ies:loopb Tr oublesh oot in gk gstives y ou e ovple er 9t he5 com pet sit ion hr .6 ough m ask, a classfu l m ask w as applied t o t h em . Th e pr eviou s rou t ing t able ent r y f or 6. 0 .0 .0 / 8 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. point in g t o nu ll0 illust r at ed t h at . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Rem em b ercon t hat ough m ar iz e on y int er face y ou wancer t wtitificat h EI ion, GRPinclud t hat t in h eg im por t ant cepalt t sh cen t raly ou t o can t h e tsum r oubleshoot inganpor t ion of t he CCNP

defau lt a ut o- sum m ar y con figur at ion sum m arizes on t he classful boun dar y. Now v iew t he r out ing t ab les on ce again in Ex am ple 9- 8.

Exa m pl e 9 - 8 . Vie w i ng t h e Rou t i ng Tabl es •

Table of Content s

r6#show ip I route • ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

...

By Donna L. Har rington

1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets Pub lish er: Cisco Press

D

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 1.1.1.0 [90/41664000]

via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:18, Serial0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

2.0.0.0/24 Pages: 84 0 D

is subnetted, 1 subnets

2.2.2.0 [90/41664000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:18, Serial0 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble D 4.4.4.0 [90/41664000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:18, Serial0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. !!!if you have more Wit h t his b ook, you can:than 5 subnets you may have missed a no auto-sum

D

192.168.9.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 192.168.9.0 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:18, Serial0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

D

Est ablish a baseline[90/41536000] and docu ment yvia our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Serial0 192.168.9.4 192.168.9.18, 00:00:18,

D

I dent192.168.9.8 if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g,Serial0 an d ot her [90/41536000] viapin192.168.9.18, 00:00:18, t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 192.168.9.12 [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:18, Serial0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com mSerial0 and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 192.168.9.16 is directly connected,

D C

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 5.5.5.0 [90/40640000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:00:19, Serial0

C

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 6.0.0.0/32 1 subnets cabling, sp eedis andsubnetted, du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback9 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ICisco( t is n ot r) im I ntpor er net t ant w ork t h atTrou all loopb bleshoot ackin s gar(eCInT) amed t op ics loopback t hat p r9epfor aret hyisouchfor aptter he. CCNP That is a g ood Tr oubleshoot app roach if you ing ar exam e conf . Full ig urof ingprfract omical screx ater chcises . I f you t h atargeetj ust y oumrodif eady yinf or g t challenges h e Ch apt er on 8 t he j ob, CCNP conf ig ur Pr at actions ical as St ud I am, ies: use Tr oublesh t he exoot ist in ingg loop g ives back8 y ou int an er edg faces. e ov er Rem t he emcom berpet t o itconfig ion t hr urough e a r ealw or ld ap plicat loopback 9 for ion r 3 because of LAN and it w WAN as actting op ics. as a fr am e sw it ch in t he p receding chapt er an d f or r 6 because it w as ad ded in t h is ch apt er scen ario. Ex am ple 9- 9 sh ows wh at t he loopback look s like CCNP act in ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e in t he Pr r unn g- con fig. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 9 - 9 . Vie w i ng t h e Loopba ck s in t he r u nn in g- conf i g Fil e

r1#sh run interface loopback 8 ... •

Table of Content s

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interface CCNP P ra cti calLoopback8 St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 lishdirected-broadcast er: Cisco Press noPub ip Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Ex per iment a b it t o see t he r esult s of t yp ing t he loopb ack s in as h ost r out es w it h a m ask of 25 5. 255 . 255. 2 55 as in Ex am ple 9- 10. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Exa e 9on - 10 . Con igu Loop backinsgas Rou t e s t icketm s bpl ased Cisco I n tfern et rwin or g k Tr oub leshoot ( CIH T)ost t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(config)#interface loopback 8 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 Est ablish a baseline loopback and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r2(config)#interface 8 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t2.2.2.2 ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r2(config-if)#ip address 255.255.255.255 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r3(config)#interface loopback 9 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r4(config)#interface loopback 8 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r5(config)#interface loopback 8 ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5(config-if)#ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r6(config)#interface env iron ment s loopback 9 Desig ned for aspir ingaddress CCNP and CCI E( r)255.255.255.255 pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r6(config-if)#ip 6.6.6.6 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Now ob ser ve t he ou t put of t he r unn in g- con fig f ile and t he rou t ing t able in Ex am ple 9- 11. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 9 - 1 1 . O bser v e t h e Host Rout es

r6#show run interface lo9 Building configuration... •

Table of Content s

Current configuration: • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

interface Loopback9 By Donna L. Har rington

ip address 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255 Pub lish er: Cisco Press e: April 0 4, 20 03 noPub ipDatdirected-broadcast I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

end

Pages: 84 0

r6#show ip route ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. D via 192.168.9.18, 00:02:21, Serial0 Wit h t his b1.1.1.1 ook, you [90/41664000] can:

D

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 2.2.2.2 w it hout t h e act[90/41664000] ual equip ment via 192.168.9.18, 00:02:01, Serial0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D

D

I dent3.3.3.3 if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get svia using pin g, t r ace, sh00:01:42, ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her [90/41152000] 192.168.9.18, Serial0 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS[90/41664000] and Cisco I OS( r via ) Sof 192.168.9.18, t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t putSerial0 , and loggin g 4.4.4.4 00:01:24, Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 192.168.9.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets

D D D D

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 192.168.9.0 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:20:17, Serial0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 192.168.9.4 via 00:20:17, Serial0 cabling, sp eed and [90/41536000] du plex , u t ilizat ion and192.168.9.18, collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 192.168.9.8 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:20:17, Serial0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 192.168.9.12 [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:20:17, Serial0 env iron ment s

C is and directly Serial0 Desig ned 192.168.9.16 for aspir ing CCNP CCI E( r)connected, pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 5.0.0.0/32 is . subnetted, 1 subnets Tr oubleshoot ing exam Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealD 5.5.5.5 via w or ld ap plicat ion of[90/40640000] LAN and WAN t op ics.192.168.9.18, 00:01:04, Serial0 CCNP 6.0.0.0/32 Pr act ical St udis ies:subnetted, Tr oublesh oot1in subnets g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

C

6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback9

As a su ppor t person, you m ay n eed t o u nder st and rou t ing. Wit h EI GRP you need t o k now h ow t o t ur n off t he def ault a ut o- sum m ar y an d man ually sum m arize as appr opr iat e t o lim it you r qu er ies in t heTable searofchContent of feasib le su ccessor s. Rem emb er t o use show i p r out e or show i p r out e • s e igr p t o analy ze t h e rou t ing t able. How ever , show pr ot ocols an d show i p p rot ocols ar e q uit e • I ndex helpf ul in t r oubleshoot ing r out ing issues, t oo. EI GRP is one of t he f ast est conv er ging pr ot ocols; CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing t her efor e, w hen y ou fin ished t he con figu rat ion on r 6, t h e r out ing t ables had alr eady caugh t u p t o By Donna L. Har rington y ou. SavPub e you r conf ur at ions an d t hen r eview t h e nex t sect ion t o becom e m or e f amiliar w it h t he lish er: CiscoigPress WAN. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

WAN Terminology Now t h at y ou hav e a w or k ing scenar io w it h r 1 t o r 6, I w ant t o discuss WAN concer ns and t er min olog y a b it m or e. The Telecom m unicat ions Act of 1996 d rast ically ch anged t he w ay of t h e WAN. How ever , t h er e ar e st ill t hr ee m ain concer ns w hen connect ing you r sit es: •

Table of Content s

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y es: Tr ouble shoot ing CCNP PAv ra ailab cti cal ilit St udi By Donna L. Har rington

Band wid t h

PubCost lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Whet h er y ou select leased lines, cir cuit - sw it ch ed net w or k s, packet - sw it ch ed n et w or k s, cellI SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 sw it chPages: ed net84w0or k s, Digit al Sub scr iber Lin es ( DSL) , cab le mod em s, or w ir eless, you m ust int er face w it h t he p rov ider ( s) . I nt erf acing w it h t h e pr ov id er is a b ig p art of supp ort in g t h e WAN. The cent r al of fice ( CO) is t h e ent r y point of t he cloud f or callin g d ev ices an d t he ex it point of t he cloud for called d ev ices. I t is t he sw it ch ing point for calls t h at t r av er se t h e ser v ice p rov ider 's t oll net w or k. The last m ile or local loop ex t end s fr om t h e dem arcat ion point ( dem ar c) t o t he CO. Essen t ially t he dem ar c is k now n in t h e supp ort w or ld as t he " line of b lam e. " Cu st omer p rem ises Hand s- on act icer esides for t heat CCNP Tr st oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P,bLAN, an d by W AN ouble equipm entpr( CPE) t he cu om er locat ion, alt h ough it m ay e ow ned t het rsu bscr iber tor icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. leased fr om t he pr ov ider. Mor e t han one pr ovider m ay b e inv olved for y our var ious p r im ar y , sect ional, regional, and int ern at ional t r u nk s and swit ches. Know ing w ho t o call f or w hat is an Wit h tthis ook, you can: im por antbpar t of t rou bleshoot in g met hod ology . Use Figur e 9- 2 t o r eview t h e DTE/ D CE sp ecificat ions an d Table 9 - 2 t o r eview WAN con nect ion Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t y pes and encapsulat ions. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Figu r et ar 9 -get 2 .s Se r iapin l DTE/ DCE Con ne,ctdebu ions I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing using g, t r ace, sh ow , clear g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s DesigNO nedTE for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Alt hou ghing t heexam lab scenar iosprand Tr oub lecises Tick et y ou k trheady rou gh t his book (on and in j ob, Tr oubleshoot . Full of act ical ex er t hsat g etw yorou f orinchallenges t he any lab f or t hat m at t er) m ake use of backt oback ser ial cables, in a pr act ical CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealment y ou m uand st orWAN der t the w or ldenv apiron plicat ion of LAN op appr ics. opr iat e cable. On e en d is t he st and ard DB6 0, b ut t he ot her end cou ld b e EI A/ TI A- 232 , EI A/ TI A- 44 9, EI A/ TI A- 53 0, V. 35 , X. 21, and so on. 9- 2 St shud ows am pleoot of int he ysical yLay DCE r eqinf uirorem ent s in e lab CCNPFigur Pr acte ical ies:an Trex oublesh g pPh r ovides ou er w itDTE/ h p ract ical mat ion ont hall the edcep t o t tshe p ract ion of such. im porcom t antpar con cen t ral ical t o t happ e t rlicat oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Tab le 9 -2 . W AN Conn ect ion s ne ctofi on • La y er 1 Con Table Content s Ty pe s •

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La y er 2 Enca psula t ion s

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Leased line HDLC By Donna L. Har rington

Sy nchr onous ser ial Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Ex am pl es Point - t o- point or dedicat ed conn ect ions ( pr e- est ab lished pat h )

PPP SLI P[ * ]

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Pr ivat e use No ser vice pr ov ider ( no clou d)

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Cir cuit sw it84 ched Pages: 0

HDLC

Phon e call ( dedicat ed f or t he call d ur at ion)

Asyn ch ron ous serial

PPP

I SDN ( t ot ally sy nchr onou s)

Sy nchr onous ser ial ( legacy SLI P Serv ice pr ov id er 56 k bps) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Packet it ched Relay f orw ar d t icket s bsw ased on Cisco I n t ern etFram w or ke Tr oub leshoot in g (St CIor T)e tand opics. Sy hnchr ial can: Wit t hisonous b ook,ser you

ATM

Serv ice pr ov id er

X. 25 ( Shar e p hy sical conn ect ions t o r ed uce cost ir t u al cirt ocuit s) ex am t op ic, w it h or Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios, valigned each w it hout t h e act ual equip ment EstSLI ablish a ial baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k P = Ser Line I nternet Protocol [*]

if yfirt st r oublesh ing er t ar s using pin g, t r ace, owt,oclear , debu g, an d ot herst ar t s w it h HDLCI dent is t h e of t h isoot ch apt 's get specific WAN t opics I wsh ant focus on . The sect ion t r oub t ilitlay iesers, an d f inishes up w it h sh oot ing HDLC t r oub les. a b r ief ov erleshoot v iew , ting hent ools look sanatd tuhe Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

HDLC High- Level Dat a Lin k Cont r ol ( HDLC) st ar t ed in t he 1 970 s. I BM Sy nchr onous Dat a Link Con t r ol ( SDL creat ed in t he m id- 19 70s for Sy st em s Net w or k Ar ch it ect ur e ( SNA) . SDLC is a bit - or ient ed syn chr on dat a- lin k pr ot ocol t hat t he I SO m odified int o HD LC. The Con su lt at ive Com mit t ee f or Teleg rap h an d •Telep hone ( CCI Table s I TU- T, m odif ied HDLC t o cr eat e Lin k Access Pr ocedu re ( LAP) and Link A TT)of, Content now t he •Pr ocedu r e Balanced I ndex ( LAPB) for X.2 5. I EEE mod ified HDLC, t oo, for it s I EEE 80 2. 2. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

HDLC isL.t hHar e defau By Donna ringtonlt WAN en cap su lat ion t y pe bet w een t w o Cisco d ev ices. Ex am ple 9- 12 clears t he co and display s t he out pu t of show i nt e rf aces se ri al 0 f or r 6. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Exa m pl e 9 - 1 2 . Cle ar t he Coun t e r s an d Sh ow t he Se r ia l I n t e r fa ce s I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

r6#clear counters serial 0 Clear "show interface" counters on this interface [confirm] Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco Is0 n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6#show interfaces Wit h t his bis ook, you can:protocol is up Serial0 up, line Hardware is HD64570 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Internet address is 192.168.9.17/30 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Encapsulation HDLC, not set, keepalive set (10 sec) t r oub leshoot ing t ools loopback an d u t ilit ies Last input 00:00:00, hang neverw it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagn ose and t r oubleshoutput oot act u00:00:03, al pr oblem soutput by f ollow ing along Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:00:07 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Queueing strategy: fifo " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, input sp eed and , u t ilizat ion collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 5 minute ratedu0plex bits/sec, 0 and packets/sec aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment sinput, 150 bytes, 0 no buffer 3 packets Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Received 1 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 1 packets output, 64 bytes, 0 underruns CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions DCD=up

DSR=up

DTR=up

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RTS=up

CTS=up

View Pt ra hectir cal unnStinudi g-es: conTrfig f orshoot int ering face s0. Shut dow n t he s0 int er face in Ex am ple 9- 13 so t hat you ca CCNP ouble observ e t h e eff ect . By Donna L. Har rington

ExaPubmlishpler:e Cisco 9 - 1Press 3 . Adm in ist r a t iv e ly Sh u t D ow n Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r6#show run interface s0 interface Serial0 bandwidth 64ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hand s- on pr act t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ip address 192.168.9.17 255.255.255.252 Wit h t his b ook, you can: no ip directed-broadcast Setmroute-cache u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or no ip w it hout t h e act ual equip ment no fair-queue Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k clockrate 64000 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies end Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided !!!although is the encapsulation type Cat aly st ( rhdlc ) OS and Ciscocurrent I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g !!!you itelop in ed the config because it is tthe default Usedo in stnot r u ctsee or - d ev p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r6#configure " Snif f" t he terminal w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r6(config)#interface Analy ze local and r em s0ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r6(config-if)#shut aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App05:12:52.259: ly a lay er ed t rou%LINK-5-CHANGED: blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal-Serial0, life rou t ingchanged and switstate chin g to administr Dec 21 Interface env iron ment s down Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) 05:12:53.259: I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op icsLine t hat pprotocol r ep are y ouon forInterface t he CCNP Serial0, chang Dec 21 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealstate to ical down w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r6(config-if)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 21 05:13:13.107: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console !!!note the interface status below r6#show interfaces s0 Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down • •

Table of Content s

Hardware is HD64570 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Internet address is 192.168.9.17/30

By Donna L. Har rington

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Last input 00:00:47, output 00:00:42, output hang never Pages: 84 0

Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:07:04 Queueing strategy: fifo Hand s- on pr act ice0/40, for t he0CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it0h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Output queue drops; input queue 0/75, drops t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Wit h t his b ook, you can: 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 127 packets input, 7810 bytes, 0 no buffer w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Received 44 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, throttles Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and0logical n et w or k input errors, CRC, 0 sframe, 0 g, overrun, 0 abort I0 dent if y t r oublesh oot0ing t ar get using pin t r ace, sh0owignored, , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 128 packets output, 7818 bytes, 0 underruns Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 0 output errors, 0 collisions, resets Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w 0 ar einterface com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ctbuffer or - d ev elop ed p rob lem isolat ionbuffers m et hods swapped t o r esolv eout Tr ouble Tick et s 0 output failures, 0 -output "0 Snif f" t he w irtransitions e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es carrier Analy ze localDSR=down and r em ot eDTR=up access prRTS=up oblem s inCTS=down Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h DCD=down cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Adm inist r at ively dow n alw ay s m eans y ou need t o issue a no sh ut com m and on t he specific int er fac tDesig he t ime last clear ed t heand coun t erE( s.r)Also, he Dat a Carr ( DCD) Dat b a uilds Set Ready ( DS nedyou for aspir ing CCNP CCI pr of tessionals, t hisier indDet ispect en sab le labangduide on in a dow n st at e w hen t he in t er f ace is adm inist rat iv ely sh ut dow n. Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Ch ange t he encapsulat ion, an d no sh ut t he int er face as in Ex am ple 9- 14. Rev iew t he r esult s so t h a CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealk now w h at t o look for w h en t r oub leshoot in g. Pay close at t ent ion t o t h e int er face st at us an d en cap su w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. m ism at ches logs. Th is ex am ple assum es t he ot h er en d of t h e dat a link t o be cor rect ly config ur ed f o CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 9 - 1 4 . Encapsu la t ion M i sm a t ch e s

r6(config)#interface s0 r6(config-if)#encap frame •

Table of Content s

r6(config-if)#no shut • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 21 05:14:11.447: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 21 05:14:22.479: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, chang Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April state to up 0 4,

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I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 21 05:14:52.479: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, chang Pages: 84 0 state to down r6(config-if)#end Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 21 05:15:11.515: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6#show s0 Wit h t his binterfaces ook, you can: Serial0 is up, line protocol is down Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Hardware w it hout is t h e HD64570 act ual equip ment Internet Est ablishaddress a baseline is and 192.168.9.17/30 docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k if y bytes, t r oublesh oot64 ingKbit, t ar get sDLY using pin g,usec, t r ace, rely sh ow ,255/255, clear , debu g, an1/255 d ot her MTUI dent 1500 BW 20000 load t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Encapsulation FRAME-RELAY, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided aly st ( r ) OS6, andLMI Cisco I OS( r ) Sof 0, t w arLMI e com m and inp ut , ou t putLMI , and loggin g LMICat enq sent stat recvd upd recvd 0, DTE down ... Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 3 interface resets Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 0 output buffer failures, 0 ion output buffers swapped out cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 6 carrier transitions App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, The s0Prph ysical int eries: faceTrisoublesh up , buoot t t hine glingeives pr oty ocol d own . This sy m pt om shou ef init rely CCNP act ical St ud ou anis edg e ov er t he com pet it ion ld t hrdough eal-mak e check t heplicat encapsulat ion on h ends of t he dat a link . Also not e t he t h ree int er face r eset s an d six c w or ld ap ion of LAN andbot WAN t op ics. t r ansit ions. I nt er face r eset s occur w hen t he in t er f ace has been com plet ely reset , w hich nor mally is f CCNP actsignaling ical St ud ies: ootem in gr eset p r ovides ouerwface it h paut ract ical inf or mat ont hall cablingPror issu Tr es.oublesh Th e syst s t h e yint om at ically if it ion sees at t thhee phy sical im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ is up bu t t he line pr ot ocol is d ow n. Carr ier t r ansit ions occu r w hen t her e is an in t err up t ion in ingsignal.

goes d own an d t h en b ack u p, f or inst ance, t h at is t w o t r ansit ion s. I f t hey con t inue t o incr ease, chec cabling or ot h er at t ach ed h ard war e. I f out p ut dr ops also incr ease, t h e pr oblem m ay be con gest ion . encapsulat ion mism at ch in Ex am ple 9- 15, as y ou ant icipat e t he incr eased num ber of t r ansit ions an d

Exa m pl e 9 - 1 5 . Fix in g En cap su la t i on M i sm a t che s •

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r6(config)#interface s0 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r6(config-if)#shut lish05:15:48.551: er: Cisco Press DecPub 21 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administr Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

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r6(config-if)#encap hdlc r6(config-if)#no shut r6(config-if)#end Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6#copy running-config startup-config Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 21 05:15:57.783: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up Dec 21 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line ios protocol Interface Serial0, Set05:15:58.895: u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar aligned ton o each ex am t op ic, w it h orchang w it hout t h e act ual equip ment state to up Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 21 05:15:58.907: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oubinterfaces leshoot ing t ools r6#show s0 an d u t ilit ies Diagn andline t r oublesh oot actis u alup pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Serial0 isose up, protocol Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Hardware is HD64570 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Internet address is 192.168.9.17/30 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es MTUAnaly 1500 64otKbit, DLY 20000s in usec, rely 255/255, loading1/255 ze bytes, local andBWr em e access pr oblem Et hern et net w or ks, in clud issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Encapsulation HDLC, not set, keepalive aut o negot iat ion, addrloopback essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e set (10 sec) Last output output hang never Appinput ly a lay00:00:03, er ed t rou blesh oot ing00:00:01, met h odology t o r eallife rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Last clearing of "show interface" counters 01:10:58 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Queueing fifo Cisco( r) I nt erstrategy: net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Output 0/40, drops; queue 0 ov drops CCNP Pr actqueue ical St ud ies: Tr0oublesh ootinput in g g ives y ou 0/75, an edg e er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im 5 porminute t ant conoutput cep t s cen t ral t0o tbits/sec, h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g rate 0 packets/sec

1382 packets input, 87139 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 477 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 1377 packets output, 85541 bytes, 0 underruns • •

Table of Content s I ndexerrors, 0 collisions, 8 interface resets 0 output

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna 0 L.output Har rington buffer

failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

transitions Pub 8 lishcarrier er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

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RTS=up

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Pages: 84 0 r6#clear counters s0

Clear "show interface" counters on this interface [confirm]

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. The show i nt e rf aces com m and not only show s encapsulat ion t y pe, bu t also k eep aliv e act iv it y, b and Wit hier t his b ook, youand can:dat a t er min al set t in gs t o assist y ou w it h t rou blesh oot ing ser ial int er faces. C carr t r ansit ions, t r ansit ions can occu r w it h b ad mod em s, bad cables, noisy lines, and so on. So it m eans m iscon figu r w ill look t he sam e, t oo. Som e ot h er t hing s m ay be b et t er t est ed w it h show cont r oll er s s 0 an d by Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or at t he clock ing st at e. From you r t est in g, y ou now kn ow how im p ort an t it is t o clear y ou in t er f ace co w it hout t h e act ual equip ment observ e t h e act ivit y ov er a cer t ain p er iod of t im e. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k dent if y t r oublesh oot ing The ILayers

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Look at Figur e 9- 3 t o pu t t h e layer s int o per sp ect iv e. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Figu r e 9 - 3 . HD LC Fr a m e For m a t

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, HDLC h as absolut ely no built - in aut h en t icat ion m echan ism s lik e PPP's Passw or d Au t hent icat ion Prot CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal( PAP) and Challenge Han dshak e Aut h en t icat ion Pr ot ocol ( CHAP) . I t st ar t s and ends wit h a 1- by t e Fl w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. HDLC consist s of an Addr ess and Cont r ol field , t he dat a, an d an f ram e check seq uence ( FCS) for er r det ect Pr ionact . Cisco's HD LC Tr con t ains aoot prin opr y f ield to w car ultical ipleinf Layer 3 ion pr oton ocols. CCNP ical St ud ies: oublesh g iet p r ar ovides y ou it hr yp m ract or mat all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE The I SO im plem ent at ion of HDLC on ly su ppor t s on e pr ot ocol, w her eas Cisco in clu des a p rop rie field t hat can car ry mu lt iple Lay er 3 pr ot ocols. •

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Shooting Trouble with HDLC CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

When shoot ing t r oub le wit h HDLC or any WAN en cap su lat ion, it is oft en helpfu l t o cap t ur e and analy back grlish ound t r af Press fic on t he WAN. Just as you d id on t he LAN, ident if y t he d iff er ent t yp es of messag es Pub er: Cisco t hinPub gs Dat ar ee:wApril or kin t o03assist you w hen t hing s ar e not w ork ing. 0 4,g20 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Tur n on com m and s such as t e rm in al m oni t or ( t e rm m on) t o v iew debug out put ov er t elnet sessio Pages: 84 0 needed. Rem em ber t o set t h e clock an d add t he ser vi ce t im e st a m ps com m ands t o p ut a t im e st am debu g an d log m essages. This t im e st am p can b e an upt im e or a dat e and t ime in dicat or. Use local zone in for m at ion an d t he Net w or k Time Prot ocol ( NTP) in pr act ical ap plicat ion . For now , concent r at e on r 5 and r 6 t o analy ze t he HDLC t r aff ic. On bot h r out ers, t ur n on de bug se r in t er sfaon ce pr asact in ice Ex am 7. Th Tr is oubleshoot assum es y ou e t ewrm on Ienab led an if needed. ser vi ce Hand for ple t he9-CCNP ing hav exam it h m TCP/ P, LAN, d W AN t Also r ouble t icket i m e st ps deb ug daI nt et imetewloca m e leshoot m se c an vi ce t im e st a m ps l og d at e t i m e l ocal t im e s am b ased on Cisco t ern or k lt Tri oub in gd (ser CI T) t opics. ar e qu it e usef ul if y our rou t er t ime is cor r ect . Conf igur e t h at n ow if you hav en' t alr eady . Wat ch t he Wit ha tcoup for his bleook, of minu you can: t es t o id en t ify t h e m essages. Capt u re t he act iv it y t o a file f or m ore det ailed r ev i per t inent par t s ar e pr esent ed in Ex am ple 9- 16. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Exa m pl e 9 - 1 6 . De bu g Ser i al I n t er f a ce

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r5#clear counters t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5#terminal Diagn ose monitor and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g % Console already monitors Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5#debug serial interface " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Serial network interface debugging is on Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r6#clear counters App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r6#terminal monitor Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on % Console already monitors Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r6#debug serial interface CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Serial network interface debugging is on CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r6# im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 21 06:24:27.991: Serial0: HDLC myseq 410, mineseen 410*, yourseen 410, line up Dec 21 06:24:37.999: Serial0: HDLC myseq 411, mineseen 411*, yourseen 411, line up Dec 21 06:24:48.007: Serial0: HDLC myseq 412, mineseen 412*, yourseen 412, line up

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What Pyraou CCNP cti cal sh ould St udi es: havTreouble gleaned shoot ing f r om t his ex er cise is t hat HDLC m essages ar e k eepaliv es on t h e WAN kByeepaliv es go t o t he ot her end and allow t he lin e pr ot ocol st at us t o st at e up . These k eepaliv es occur Donna L. Har rington defau lt ev er y 1 0 secon ds. For exam ple, look at t he t im e st am ps fr om r 6: 6: 24 : 27, 6: 24 : 37 , 6: 2 4: 4 on. Keepaliv es in t h e WAN w or ld ar e t ru ly bet w een you an d t h e ser v ice pr ovider , not j ust y our ow n Pub lish er: Cisco Press as in t he LAN. Relat e t he pr eceding shaded out p ut t o t h e follow ing infor m at ion about WAN k eepaliv Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

m ineseq Pages: 84 0 is t he k eepalive sent by t h e local sid e. y our seen is t he k eep aliv e sent b y t he rem ot e side. m ineseen is t he local k eepaliv e seen by t h e r em ot e side. Handy sonseen pr act t het hCCNP oubleshoot ingf rexam w itphlus TCP/ d Wone AN It rexp ouble The our isice actfor ually e last Tr one I ( r6 ) saw om y ou oneI P,( t LAN, hat is,ant he ect t o see f t icket b ased Ciscois I tnht eern et wr or k Tr oub leshoot g hich ( CI T)should t opics.m at ch t h e m yseq going out so t hat nex t ) .s The minon eseen last eceived you r seen,inw I 'm send in g and w hat y ou exp ect t o see ar e t he sam e. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Missin g t hr ee k eepalives in a r ow on t h e WAN t ak es t he line pr ot ocol dow n. To spot such issues, alw check you r Lay er 1 mod em con t r ol lead s as y ou did pr ev iously w it h show i nt e rf aces s0 . Th e int erf u p an d f ollow w it hed. realor ld hlab iost oaligned t o ds each aminttop r eset sSet w ould also hav e along incr ement Altwhoug it tscenar ak es 20 3 0 secon f or ex t he erfic, acew itt oh gor o dow n w it hout t h e act ual equip ment com es b ack up almost imm ediat ely. ablish ouram phple ysical and logical or k ar e u p an d ru nning f rom Tak e Est a f ew m inautbaseline es and t rand y t h docu is outment as iny Ex 9- 17. Mak e sur n e et t hwings pr ecedin g ex er cise, su ch as t e rm m on, t he ser vi ce t im e st a m ps com m ands, an d t he de bug se ria I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her in t er fa ce com m and. Tur n off t he keepalives on r 6s0 and m onit or t h e result s. Tur n t hem b ack on an t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies m onit or t h e r esult s unt il t hings are wor k ing again. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Exa m pl e 9 - 1 7 . De bu g Ser i al I n t er f a ce w it h Kee pa li ve I ssu es

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r6#show debug Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Generic serial: aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Serial network interface debugging is on App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r6#configure terminal Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r6(config)#interface s0 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Dec 21 06:33:09.175: Serial0: HDLC myseq 462, mineseen 462*, yourseen 462, line up CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r6(config-if)#no keepalive CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Dec 06:33:24.659: Serial0 Got keepalive configured im por21 t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r-oubleshoot ing por t with ion of none t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 21 06:33:34.775: HD(0): got an interrupt state = 0x8055 Dec 21 06:33:34.779: HD(0): New serial state = 0x0055 Dec 21 06:33:34.779: HD(0): DTR is down. Dec 21 06:33:34.783: HD(1): New serial state = 0x0600 •

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Dec 21 06:33:34.783: HD(1): Cable is unplugged. • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 21 06:33:34.787: HD(0): got an interrupt state = 0x8057 By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 21 06:33:34.791: HD(0): New serial state = 0x0057 Pub lish er: Cisco Press e: April 0 4, 20 03 DecPub 21Dat06:33:34.791: HD(0): DTR is up. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 21 06:33:34.795: HD(1): New serial state = 0x0600 Pages: 84 0 Dec 21 06:33:34.795: HD(1): Cable is unplugged. Dec 21 06:33:34.795: HD(0): got an interrupt state = 0x805F Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 21 06:33:34.799: HD(0): New serial state = 0x005F t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec Wit h 21 t his06:33:34.799: b ook, you can: HD(0): DTR is up. Dec 21 06:33:34.803: HD(1): New serial state = 0x0600 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 21 06:33:34.803: HD(1): w it hout t h e act ual equip mentCable is unplugged. Est ablish a baseline Serial0 and docu ment ph ysical with and logical et w or k Dec 21 06:33:34.807: - Goty our keepalive none nconfigured ... I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r6#show interface s0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly ( r ) OS and protocol Cisco I OS(is r ) Sof Serial0 isst up, line upt w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Hardware is HD64570 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Internet address is 192.168.9.17/30 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h MTUcabling, 1500 bytes, BW du 64plex Kbit, DLYion 20000 usec, rely 255/255, loadCD, 1/255 sp eed and , u t ilizat and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive not set App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Last 00:00:05, output 00:00:04, output hang never envinput iron ment s ... Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 0 output errors, interface Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full0 ofcollisions, pr act ical ex er0cises t h at g et resets y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealfailures, output buffers swapped out w or ld 0 apoutput plicat ionbuffer of LAN and WAN t op0ics. CCNP 6 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e carrier transitions im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

DCD=up

DSR=up

DTR=up

RTS=up

CTS=up

r6#configure terminal r6(config-if)#keepalive 10 Dec 21 06:34:39.295: Serial0: HDLC myseq 0, mineseen 463*, yourseen 471, line up •

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Dec 21 06:34:45.859: HD(0): got an interrupt state = 0x8055 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 21 06:34:45.859: HD(0): New serial state = 0x0055 By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 21 06:34:45.863: HD(0): DTR is down. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 21Dat06:34:45.863: HD(1): New serial state = 0x0600 e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 21 06:34:45.863: HD(1): Cable is unplugged. Pages: 84 0

Dec 21 06:34:45.871: HD(0): got an interrupt state = 0x8057 Dec 21 06:34:45.871: HD(0): New serial state = 0x0057 Hand s- on06:34:45.875: pr act ice for t heHD(0): CCNP TrDTR oubleshoot Dec 21 is up.ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 21 06:34:45.875: HD(1): New serial state = 0x0600 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 21 06:34:45.875: HD(1): Cable is unplugged. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 21 06:34:45.879: HD(0): got an interrupt state = 0x805F w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 21 06:34:45.879: serial 0x005F Est ablish a baseline HD(0): and docuNew ment y our phstate ysical = and logical n et w or k Dec 21 06:34:45.883: DTR is up. I dent if y t r oublesh ootHD(0): ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 21 06:34:45.883: HD(1): New serial state = 0x0600 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 21 HD(1): Cable Cat 06:34:45.883: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof tis w arunplugged. e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use06:34:49.295: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m hods t o r esolv Tr ouble Tick et s line up Dec 21 Serial0: HDLC myseq 1,et mineseen 1*,e yourseen 472, " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spSerial0: ot n et w or kHDLC issu es Dec 21 06:34:59.295: myseq 2, mineseen 2*, yourseen 1, line up Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in3, Et hern et net w3*, or ks,yourseen in clud ing 2, issues w itup h Dec 21 06:35:09.419: Serial0: HDLC myseq mineseen line cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r6(config-if)#end App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Use Ex am 17wtork o r eview t h e nor in m gal (han e- lik e act ivitare y ofy ou t h efor WAN n um bers again Cisco( r) I ple nt er9net Trou bleshoot CI T)dshak t op ics t hat p r ep t hesequence CCNP Keep aliv es ar e seq uence num ber s and ack now led gm en t s t h at go t o t he ot h er en d of t Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges onhtehepoint j ob,- t o- po This is w h y you w it nessed t he " got keepalive w it h non e config ur ed " m essage. Th e up , dow CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r n, eal-up, do int er face r eset act iv it y ( f lap ping link ) w as a good indicat ion of no k eepalives. The shad ed ou t put of w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. seq uence nu mb er s show s h ow t h ey r est art af t er t he int er face h as been b rou ght back t o t he u p st at u line pr Pr ot act ocolical d oes not e b ack toot o t he st at us yan t hitehkpeepaliv e inf actor iv mat it y stion ill does CCNP St ud ies:com Tr oublesh in g up p r ovides oud w ract ical on allntot h eoccur , I w suspect a har pr oblem. im por t ant condw cepart se cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Now t u rn of f all debu gging and ex amin e r6 s0 in Ex am ple 9- 18. Clear t h e count er s t o rem ov e t he int r eset s and car r ier t r ansit ion act iv it y . Look at t h e r out ing t ables and t est conn ect iv it y w it h ping as in Ex am ple 9- 19.

Exa m pl e 9 - 1 8 . Cle an in g Up •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing r5#undebug all By Donna L. Har rington

r6#undebug all Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r6#show interfaces s0 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Pages: 84 0

Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 192.168.9.17/30 MTUs- on 1500 bytes, Kbit, DLY 20000 rely 255/255, 1/255 Hand pr act ice for BW t he64 CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing usec, exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN,load an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Wit h t his b ook, you can: Last input 00:00:02, output 00:00:01, output hang never Setclearing u p an d f ollow along winterface" it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Last of "show counters 00:26:25 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Queueing strategy: fifo Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 5 minute rate 0 bits/sec, Cat aly st output ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w0arpackets/sec e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 521inpackets 33073 bytes, nombuffer Use st r u ct or - dinput, ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat0ion et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles "Received Snif f" t he w187 ir e tbroadcasts, o sp ot n et w or k0 issu es Analy 0 input ze local errors, and r em 0 ot CRC, e access 0 frame, pr oblem 0 soverrun, in Et hern et 0 net ignored, w or ks, in0clud abort ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 526 o negot packets iat ion, output, addr essing 33082 , encapsulat bytes, 0 ion, underruns and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal-resets life rou t ing and swit chin g 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface env iron ment s 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( 8 r) carrier I nt er net wtransitions ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP DCD=up Pr act ical St ud ies: TrDTR=up oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDSR=up RTS=up CTS=up w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6#clear counters s0 Clear "show interface" counters on this interface [confirm] Dec 21 06:50:12.259: %CLEAR-5-COUNTERS: Clear counter on interface Serial0 by conso

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CCNP m Exa P rapl cti cal e 9St-udi 1 9es:. Tr Test oubleishoot ng ting h e HD LC Scen ar i o By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r6#show ip route

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

...

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets D [90/41664000] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 Hand s- on 1.1.1.1 pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it00:16:40, h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Wit h t his b ook, you can: D 2.2.2.2 [90/41664000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:16:40, Serial0

D

D

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h realw or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 3.3.3.3 [90/41152000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:16:40, Serial0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 4.4.4.4 [90/41664000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:16:40, Serial0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 192.168.9.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

D

192.168.9.0 [90/41536000] via ion 192.168.9.18, 00:16:40, Serial0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

D

[90/41536000] " Snif192.168.9.4 f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issuvia es 192.168.9.18, 00:16:40, Serial0

D

192.168.9.8 via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 Analy ze local and r [90/41536000] em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net00:16:40, w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, [90/41024000] via ion, 192.168.9.18, 00:16:41, Serial0 aut o 192.168.9.12 negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat and mor e

D

App ly a lay er ed t rouis blesh oot ing met h odology t oSerial0 r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 192.168.9.16 directly connected, env iron ment s 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot invia g ( CI192.168.9.18, T) t op ics t hat p r00:16:42, ep are y ou for t he CCNP D 5.5.5.5 [90/40640000] Serial0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP 6.0.0.0/32 Pr act ical St udis ies:subnetted, Tr oublesh oot1in subnets g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback9 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g C

r6#ping 1.1.1.1 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 84/87/92 ms • Table of Content s •

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r6#ping 2.2.2.2

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. 5, Har rington Sending 100-byte

!!!!! Pub lish er:

ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Success rate is-0100 I SBN: 1- 58 720 57 -0 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 88/88/88 ms Pages: 84 0

r6#ping 3.3.3.3 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tSuccess icket s b ased Cisco t ern et w or(5/5), k Tr oub round-trip leshoot in g ( CImin/avg/max T) t opics. rateonis 100I npercent = 56/57/60 ms Wit h t his b4.4.4.4 ook, you can: r6#ping Sending 100-byte ICMP wEchos tow or 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 tseconds: Set u5, p an d f ollow along it h realld lab scenar ios aligned o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment !!!!! Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 84/92/112 ms I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r6#ping t r oub5.5.5.5 leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Sending Diagn 5,ose 100-byte and t r oublesh ICMPoot Echos act u al topr5.5.5.5, oblem s by timeout f ollow ing is along 2 seconds: w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g !!!!! Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/32/32 ms " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r6#ping 6.6.6.6 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and ICMP du plex , u t ilizat and collisions, b andw CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Sending 5, 100-byte Echos toion 6.6.6.6, timeout is idt 2 h, seconds: aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e !!!!! App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r6#ping 192.168.9.1 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Sending 5,ical 100-byte ICMP Echos tog g192.168.9.1, iscom 2 seconds: CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in ives y ou an edgtimeout e ov er t he pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. !!!!! CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Success ist s 100 round-trip min/avg/max 88/88/88 im por t antrate con cep cen t percent ral t o t h e (5/5), t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP=cer t ificat ion, ms includ in g

When y ou h ave t hor ough ly t est ed y our scen ario, sav e all conf ig ur at ions t o a f ile nam ed hd lc end in g conf igur at ions.

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NO TE

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Fram e Relay is cov er ed in t h e pr ecedin g chap t er. When sh oot ing t r ouble w it h Fr am e Relay , iss de bug se ria l i nt e rfa ce com m and early on t o see t h e k eepaliv e act iv it y . Ch ange t he Pub lish er: Cisco ion Presst o HDLC t o see t he k eep aliv e t r af fic, because if LMI is d ow n f or Fr ame Relay , t h e encapsulat Pub Dat e: April 4, 20 03 fr am e int er0face w ill not be able t o g en er at e keepalives. Rem em ber , it only t ak es t hr ee missed k eepaliv I SBN: 1- es 58 720 t o -0t ak 57 -0 e t h e lin e dow n. Pages: 84 0

HDLC is t h e defau lt encapsulat ion for ser ial link s. I f y ou ar e using mu lt iple v en dor s, mu lt iple Lay er pr ot ocols, or need au t hent icat ion, h ow ev er, HDLC is not t he solut ion . PPP was cr eat ed t o elim inat e t he issues, such as ru nnin g m ult ip le pr ot ocols and aut hent icat ion w it h HD LC, but Cisco HDLC h andle Hand s- on prg act for 3t he CCNP oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble m ult iplexin of ice Layer pr ot ocolsTrj ust f ine. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

PPP PPP w as design ed in t he 1 980 s as a point - t o- point I n t er n et encapsulat ion pr ot ocol. I n add it ion t o t h ov er com es t he st and ard s limit at ion s on ser ial connect ivit y , includ in g addr essing , encapsulat ion, an d m ult iple p rot ocol su ppor t t hr ough Lin k Cont rol Prot ocols ( LCPs) an d Net w or k Con t rol Prot ocols ( NCP •includes r out Table Content s d h ost - t o- host t yp e con nect ion s ov er sy nchr onou s and asyn chr onous cir er - t o-ofr out er an •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

The Layers

By Donna L. Har rington

Ciscore Press PPPPub of lish fer er: s secu access ov er any WAN Phy sical Lay er in t erf ace, in clu ding asyn ch ron ous/ sy nch ron o Pub Dat e: April 0 03 HSSI , and I SDN.4,I t20uses LCPs t o negot iat e an d set up dat a- link p aram et ers and NCPs t o en capsulat I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 m ult iple p rot ocols, as-0illust r at ed in Figur e 9- 4 . Pages: 84 0

Figu r e 9 - 4 . PPP Lay e r s Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r em e access oblem in wEtithern w or in clud ing as issues w it hsee in Fig The f rAnaly am e ze st rulocal ct u r eand is ver y ot similar t o Ipr SO's HDsLC h an etadnet ded Pr ks, ot ocol f ield, y ou can cabling, ande du , u t ilizat ion and collisions, andw idtt icat h, CSMA/ w ay lin k, How ev er , it is sp a eed bit mor t h plex an Cisco' s HDLC because it h asbaut h en ion an dCD, ot hon er e-cap abilit ies. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Figu r e 9 - 5 . PPP Fr a m e For m a t Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

The b eg inning or end ing flag is 7E or 0 111 111 0 in binar y . The Addr ess field is t h e br oadcast ad dr es Fs in hex or all 1s in b in ary becau se st at ion add r esses are n ot assigned. The Con t r ol field is mu ch li Ty pe 1. The Pr ot ocol f ield en capsulat es t he u pper - layer p rot ocols. The d ef ault m axim um leng t h of t field is 150 0 b yt es, alt h ough ot her v alues ar e allow ed by ad ju st in g t he m axim um t r ansmission u nit size. The FCS is n or mally 2 by t es bu t can be 4 by t es t o im p rov e t h e er r or - det ect ion capabilit ies. •

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• PPP is a connect I ndex ionless link ser vice t h at g oes t hr ough f our LCP p hases, as f ollow s: CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

1 . Lin k est ab lishm ent and con figu r at ion ( ACK f ram e h as been sent and receiv ed) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

2 .PubLin k e:qualit et03 er m in at ion Dat April 0y4,d20 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

3 . NCP con figu rat ion n eg ot iat ion t o supp ort m ult iple Lay er 3 pr ot ocols Pages: 84 0

4 . Lin k t er m inat ion ( user r eq uest or p hy sical p rob lem ) Ther e ar e also fou r LCP conf ig ur at ion opt ions, as f ollows: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Au t he nt ica t ion— No aut h en t icat ion is t h e defau lt , bu t PAP, CHAP, and Microsof t Challen ge Ha t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Aut h en t icat ion Pr ot ocol ( MSCHAP) ar e av ailab le. PAP is only d one up on t he init ial link est ablish a b onep er f orm ed one t im e. Th e host nam e/ usern ame and passw or d ar e sen t i Wit h tishis ook,w ay youchallenge can: t ext , and t he peer ( calling r out er ) is in cont r ol of t he at t emp t s. Host nam es and passw or ds are SeNsI t I v E. Th e PAP secu rit y lev el is bet t er t han not hing but not alw ays t he best op t ion. I t en d w it huw coined t hewph " pwatorhet h en t icat p rot ocol" on ex t h is CHAP pr eferr Set p hoever an d f ollow along it hrase realld ic labaut scenar ios ion aligned t o each amone. t op ic, w it his or is I ETF andual ardequip . CHAP is a t h ree- w ay ch alleng e t hat r andom ly h appens f or t h e len gt h of t h w itan hout t h estact ment uses a shar ed secr et passwor d t hat is k now n only t o t he com m unicat ing r out er s. This shar ed s Est a baseline our logical n et w or an ablish MD5 hash. A hashand is adocu on e-ment way yalg or ph it h ysical m , so and t h e act ual passw orkd is n ev er sen t acr oss t he simp licit y 's sak e, t hink of t he hash being equal t o " My Nam e+ Passw ord " w h en challen ged, an d Iwdent y t r oublesh ing rt ar get sofusing pin g,e tcom r ace, sh ow , debu g, ot her ouldif comp are it oot t o you t able u ser nam man ds ,wclear it h passwor d san t od see w het her t h e val tget r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies of " Usern am e+ Passwor d" m at ches t he v alue I sent . I t is a bit m or e com plicat ed t han t h at r ealit y , b ut t hat cov ers t he concept . I f y ou p r ef er , y ou can t hink of t h e hash alg or it h m like t ur n Diagn ose inand r oublesh actau paligprint oblem s by f ollow along it h aut ovided pot at oes t o ht ash br owoot ns or o sausage. I t ising k ind of difwficult t ohrorev p err se t hese act iv it ie Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

NO TE

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h The ch alleng e sent by t he called r out er cont ains a block of dat a. The calling rou t er uses it cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, passw ord t o calculat e an MD5 hash of t h e dat a block t hat is sen t in t he response. The call aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r out er uses it s p assw or d f or t h e con nect ion t o also calculat e an MD5 hash of t he dat a bloc and com par es t he r esu lt s t o d et er m ine w het her t o accept or d en y. Thus, t h e passwor d is App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g sen t on t h e com m un icat ion s lin k. env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on p er renet ssion — Trou Off erbleshoot ed t hr oug e T) Cisco Cont hat t rol pPrr ep ot ocol CCP) St acker or Predict or . Cisco(Com r) I nt w ork in hg t(hCI t op ics are y(ou for using t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Err or de t ect ion — Monit or d at a d rop s w it h a qu alit y num ber an d av oid fr am e looping w it h t he CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealnu mb er . w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Mu lt i li nk — Bund lin g m ult ip le lin ks t o use t h em as one u sin g t h e Mult ilink Pr ot ocol ( MP) . This CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r ef err ed t o as Mult ilin k Point - t o- Poin t Pr ot ocol ( MPPP) . im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

From a sup por t st and point , t ake t he KI SS ( Keep I t Simp le, St upid! ) app r oach . This m eans m ak e su can com m unicat e an d t hen au gm en t w it h aut h en t icat ion an d ot h er opt ions. Ref er back t o t he scen a Figur e 9- 1 t o m ak e su r e you conf igur e all t h e int er faces. Th e config ur at ion of r 1 is in Ex am ple 9- 20 y ou st ar t ed.

Exa m pl e 9 - 2 0 . r 1 PPP Encapsu la t ion •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(config)#interface s0 By Donna L. Har rington r1(config-if)#shut Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 ppp r1(config-if)#encap I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 r1(config-if)#no shut

r1(config-if)#end r1#copy running-config startup-config Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Next y ou shou ld v erif y t hat PPP is in f act t he en cap su lat ion b eing u sed and t hat y ou can ping f rom e end as in Ex am ple 9- 21. Look for LCP Open follow ed b y open CPs for each pay load t yp e. I f n ecessar Set u p an d f de ollow it h ot realor.ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or can car efully u se bugalong p pp wneg ia t w ion w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Exa m pl e 9 - 2 1 . Ve r if yi ng PPP Encapsu la t ion I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r6#show interfaces s0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Hardware is HD64570 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Internet address is 192.168.9.17/30 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sp eed and , u t ilizat and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ on e- w ay lin k, MTUcabling, 1500 bytes, BW du 64plex Kbit, DLYion 20000 usec, rely 255/255, loadCD, 1/255 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g iron ment s LCPenv Open Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Open: IPCP, CDPCP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r6#ping 1.1.1.1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Type escape sequence to abort. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 88/88/92 ms

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Alt hou ghctionly r6 shoot in Exing am ple 9- 21, all r ou t er s ar e set t o PPP encapsulat ion and t h e pings CCNP P ra cal St show udi es:nTron ouble bot h d ir ect ions. Not e t he sh aded ou t pu t of t h e Lay er 2 LCP open an d t he Lay er 3 I PCP an d CDPCP. By Donna L. Har rington indicat es t hat t h e lin k est ab lishm ent phase is op er at ional and t hat t he Net w or k Lay er pr ot ocol p has sen ding NCP packet s f or I P an d CDP. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Shooting Trouble with PPP Pages: 84 0

Shoot in g t r ou ble w it h PPP nor m ally does not inv olve solely PPP as it is con figu r ed her e. PPP issu es n inv olve aut hent icat ion and ot her LCP op t ions. Con figu re an ap pr opr iat e usern ame and passwor d st at ement on r 5 an d r 6 and conf igur e CHAP Hand s- ton actwice CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam anbug d W AN t r ouble aut h en icatprion it hfor m et he in Ex am ple 9- 22. Fir sting config ur ewrit5,h tTCP/ h en It P, u rnLAN, on de p pp aut hen t ica t io t ickett hs en b ased n t ern or k Tring oubch leshoot ( CIect T) ed t opics. and conf on ig urCisco e r 6. INot e tet hewincom allenginegexp values as you conf ig ur e r 6. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pl e 9 - 2 2 . PPP Encapsu la t ion w it h CH AP Aut he nt ica t i on Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r5(config)#username password donna Est ablish a baseliner6and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oots1 ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r5(config)#interface t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5(config-if)#shut Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof r5(config-if)#ppp authentication ?t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st rChallenge u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv(CHAP) e Tr ouble Tick et s chap Handshake Authentication Protocol " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ms-chap Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MS-CHAP) Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h pap Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5(config-if)#ppp authentication chap App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r5(config-if)#no env iron ment s shut r5(config-if)#end Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5#copy running-config Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full startup-config of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r6#debug authentication CCNP Pr actppp ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6#configure terminal r6(config)#user !!!note the incoming challenges here Dec 21 07:37:12.391: Se0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by the peer •

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Dec 21 07:37:12.399: Se0 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 57 len 23 from "r5" CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 21 07:37:12.403: Se0 CHAP: Username r5 not found By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 21 07:37:12.407: Se0 CHAP: Unable to authenticate for peer Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r6(config)#username Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 r5 pa I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 21 07:37:16.431: Se0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by the peer Pages: 84 0

Dec 21 07:37:16.439: Se0 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 58 len 23 from "r5" Dec 21 07:37:16.443: Se0 CHAP: Username r5 not found Hand s- on07:37:16.447: pr act ice for t heSe0 CCNP Tr oubleshoot w it h TCP/ Ifor P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 21 CHAP: Unable ing to exam authenticate peer t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6(config)#username r5 password donna Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 21 07:37:18.519: Se0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by the peer Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 21 07:37:18.531: Se0 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 59 len 23 from "r5" w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 21 07:37:18.535: CHAP: Username not found Est ablish a baseline Se0 and docu ment y our ph r5 ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 21 07:37:18.539: for peer I dent if y t r oublesh ootSe0 ing tCHAP: ar get s Unable using pinto g, authenticate t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 21 07:37:22.563: Se0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by the peer Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 21 Se0 CHAP: CHALLENGE idand 60inp len "r5" Cat07:37:22.571: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) ISof t w ar e com m ut , 23 ou t from put , and loggin g Use07:37:22.575: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed CHAP: p rob lem isolat ion mid et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Dec 21 Se0 O -RESPONSE 60 len 23 from "r6"Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spSe0 ot n et w or k I issu es Dec 21 07:37:22.591: CHAP: SUCCESS id 60 len 4s Analy ze local and r em r6(config)#interface s0ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 07:37:23.551: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and e Dec 21 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Linemor protocol on Interface Serial0, chang App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g state to up env iron ment s r6(config-if)#shut Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 21 07:37:29.243: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administr Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealdown w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 07:37:30.243: Interface chang CCNP21 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: oublesh oot in g p r ovides yLine ou w itprotocol h p ract icalon inf or mat ion on Serial0, all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

state to down r6(config-if)#ppp authentication chap r6(config-if)#no shut r6(config-if)#end •

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Dec 21 07:37:49.131: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 21 07:37:49.747: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 21 07:37:49.779: Se0 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 21Dat07:37:49.795: Se0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by both e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 21 07:37:49.799: Se0 CHAP: O CHALLENGE id 1 len 23 from "r6" Pages: 84 0

Dec 21 07:37:49.803: Se0 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 61 len 23 from "r5" Dec 21 07:37:49.811: Se0 CHAP: O RESPONSE id 61 len 23 from "r6" Hand s- on07:37:49.815: pr act ice for t heSe0 CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam it h TCP/ P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 21 CHAP: I RESPONSE id 1wlen 23 Ifrom "r5" t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 21 07:37:49.819: Se0 CHAP: O SUCCESS id 1 len 4 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 21 07:37:49.823: Se0 CHAP: I SUCCESS id 61 len 4 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 21 07:37:50.827: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, chang w it hout t h e act ual equip ment state to up a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish r6#copy startup-config I dentrunning-config if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r6#u all Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s When y ou conf igur e au t hent icat ion only on r5 , it shu t s dow n t h e lin e pr ot ocol. Becau se b ot h rou t ers Snif he w ir eseein t o spgott he n etaut w orhent k issu conf ig"ur edf", yt ou are icates ion p rocess for b ot h. Th is is one of t h ose pr ocesses t hat is ent er t aining t o w at ch ( w hen it is successfu l) . ( Som et im es w e supp ort people g et excit ed ov er t he lit Analy zede local othen e access pr oblem hernsim et net ing Review issues wt hiteh ending t hin gs.) The bugand p ppr em aut t ica t ion ou t pus tinis Et f airly plewtor o ks, undin erclud st and. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e-and w ay su linccess k, aut h en t icat ion b y bot h par t ies and t he in put ( I ) an d ou t pu t ( O) challen ge, r esp onse, lin aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e You can p er f orm t w o- w ay CHAP b et w een rou t er s, w hich m ay be init iat ed in eit her d ir ect ion or bot h. ly a, lay eray ed j tust roubblesh oot h odology t o ran eal-end life syst rou tem ing and and aswit Alt ernApp at ively it m e a on e-ing w aymet CHAP bet w een rouchin t er .gAf t er link est abl env iron ment s occu r s, t he called r out er sends a challen ge t o t he callin g rou t er . The callin g r out er send s a r esp onse t he called r ou t er can eit her accept or r eject . These challen ges cont inue t o occur b ut on a ran dom in Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on depend in g on t he local r out er or a t hir d- par t y aut hent icat ion ser v er , such as Term inal Access Cont r Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Access Con t rol Syst em ( TACACS) or Remot e Aut hent icat ion Dial- in User Ser v ice ( RADI US) , if on e is Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP actoug icalh St oot in g gchives y ouh en ant icat edg ion e ovissu er tes. he com peteittion hr ough Follow Prt hr Exud amies: pleTr 9-oublesh 23 f or m ismat ed aut Chang he rt ou t er r6r ealconn ect io w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. aut h en t icat ion an d cont in ue t o w at ch t h e out p ut of de bug p pp aut hen t ica t ion. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 9 - 2 3 . PPP w it h M i sma t che d Aut he nt ica t i on

r6#debug ppp authentication PPP authentication debugging is on •

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r6#configure terminal • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r6(config)#interface s0 By Donna L. Har rington

r6(config)#shut Pub lish er: Cisco Press e: April 0 4, 20 03 DecPub 21Dat07:49:10.091: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administr I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

downPages:

84 0

r6(config-if)#ppp authentication pap Dec 21 07:49:11.091: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, chang Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble state to down t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6(config-if)#no shut Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 21 07:49:18.939: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 21 07:49:18.971: Se0 ment PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line w it hout t h e act ual equip r6(config-if)#end Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: ing t ar get s using pinConfigured g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g,byanconsole d ot her Dec 21 07:49:51.519: from console t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies !!!not much is happening on r6 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Catr5 aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g !!!yet has flapping links Use07:48:39.427: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolatInterface ion m et hods t o r esolv echanged Tr ouble Tick et s to up Dec 21 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Serial1, state " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Dec 21 07:48:43.515: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Dec 21 07:49:01.515: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface changed state uplin k, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions,Serial1, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e-to w ay aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 21 07:49:09.603: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 21 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up env07:49:23.603: iron ment s Dec %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Serial1, down Desig21 ned07:49:29.691: for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr ofInterface essionals, t his ind isp enchanged sab le lab state g uide bto uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 21 07:49:35.691: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface stateon tot he down Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g etSerial1, y ou r eadychanged f or challenges j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im port ht ant t ral twoitthh et his t r oubleshoot ingitpor t ion of CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ g , dow Now at ycon ou cep hav tes wcen or ked for you rself, should bet he m uch easier t o recognize t heinup

dow n st at us or flapp ing lin k as a lik ely aut hent icat ion pr oblem. Chan ge t h e PPP au t hent icat ion of r 6 t o CHAP an d m onit or t he r esu lt s in Ex am ple 9- 24. Tu rn of f all debug ou t put using t he sh ort cut .

Exa m pl e 9 - 2 4 . De bu g PPP Aut he nt ica t i on •

Table of Content s

r6(config-if)#shut • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 21 08:01:56.039: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administr By Donna L. Har rington

down Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03authentication chap r6(config-if)#ppp I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r6(config-if)#no shut Pages: 84 0 Dec 21 08:02:33.635: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up Dec 21 08:02:33.667: Se0 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 21 08:02:33.679: Se0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by both t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec Wit h 21 t his08:02:33.683: b ook, you can: Se0 CHAP: O CHALLENGE id 2 len 23 from "r6" Dec 21 08:02:33.687: Se0 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 62 len 23 from "r5" Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 21 08:02:33.695: Se0 ment CHAP: O RESPONSE id 62 len 23 from "r6" w it hout t h e act ual equip Est ablish a baseline Se0 and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 21 08:02:33.699: CHAP: I RESPONSE id 2 len 23 from "r5" I dent if y t r oublesh ootSe0 ing tCHAP: ar get s Ousing pin g, id t r ace, sh ow4, clear , debu g, an d ot her Dec 21 08:02:33.707: SUCCESS 2 len t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 21 08:02:33.711: Se0 CHAP: I SUCCESS id 62 len 4 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat08:02:34.711: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e comLine m andprotocol inp ut , ou t on put ,Interface and loggin gSerial0, chang Dec 21 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s state to up " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r6(config-if)#end Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r6#u cabling, all sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Now t h at ev er y t hing is w or k in g again, p er f orm sim ilar t est in g w it h t h e de bug p pp neg ot ia t ion co Desig in Ex am ned plefor 9- 25. aspirI ing wanCCNP t ed y ou andt oCCI g etE(used r) pr tof o essionals, t h e no de tbug his ind sh ort ispcut en sab t o le pr lab ep are g uide you brself uildsfor onw h en t h rCisco( out er r)is Itnt ooerbusy net w tork o letTrou y oubleshoot t yp e t he in gf ull ( CIcom T) tm opand. ics t hat Consider p r ep are t y ping y ou uforaltlhe b efCCNP or e y ou st ar t any debu Tr oubleshoot act ivit y so t hat ingyou exam can. Full quick oflypruse act ical t he ex UperAr cises row tkey h at tgoett ur y ou n itr eady of f in faorpinch. challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Exa m pl e 9 - 2 5 . De bu g PPP N eg ot ia t i on

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6#u all r6#debug ppp negotiation r6#configure terminal r6(config)#interface • Table of Contents0 s •

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r6(config-if)#shut CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 21 08:09:26.355: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administr Pub lish er: down

Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Dec 21I SBN: 08:09:26.387: Se0 IPCP: State is Closed 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Dec 21 08:09:26.387: Se0 CDPCP: State is Closed Dec 21 08:09:26.391: Se0 PPP: Phase is TERMINATING Dec 21 08:09:26.391: Se0 LCP: State is Closed Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tDec icket21 s b ased on Cisco I n tSe0 ern etPPP: w or k Phase Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 08:09:26.395: is DOWN Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 21 08:09:26.399: Se0 IPCP: Remove route to 192.168.9.18 Dec 21 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line ios protocol Interface Serial0, Set08:09:27.355: u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar aligned ton o each ex am t op ic, w it h orchang w it hout t h e act ual equip ment state to down Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r6(config-if)#ppp authentication pap I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r6(config-if)#no t r oub leshoot ingshut t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along changed w it h aut hstate or- p r ovided Dec 21 08:09:57.935: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, to up Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Dec 21 08:09:57.967: Se0 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 21 08:09:57.967: Se0 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Active Open " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r6#u all Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Dec 21 08:09:57.971: Se0 LCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 62 len 14 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 21 AuthProto (0x0304C023) App08:09:57.975: ly a lay er ed t rouSe0 bleshLCP: oot ing met h odology tPAP o r eallife rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Dec 21 08:09:57.979: Se0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x10ABD744 (0x050610ABD744) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Dec 21 Se0 LCP: inIg CONFREQ 15 CCNP Cisco( r) 08:09:57.983: I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot ( CI T) t op [REQsent] ics t hat p r epid are 189 y ou len for t he Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Dec 08:09:57.987: LCP: CHAP (0x0305C22305) CCNP21 Pr act ical St ud ies: TrSe0 oublesh oot in gAuthProto g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 21 08:09:57.991: Se0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x003C1F4F (0x0506003C1F4F) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Dec 08:09:57.991: Se0 O CONFACKing [REQsent] len im por21 t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o tLCP: h e t r oubleshoot por t ion of id t he 189 CCNP cer15 t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 21 08:09:57.995: Se0 LCP:

AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)

Dec 21 08:09:57.999: Se0 LCP:

MagicNumber 0x003C1F4F (0x0506003C1F4F)

Dec 21 08:09:58.003: Se0 LCP: I CONFNAK [ACKsent] id 62 len 9

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr shoot ingm and The de bug p pp neg otouble ia t ion com

illu st rat es LCP au t hent icat ion and er r or d et ect ion as w ell NC add ressin inrington qu it e a b it m or e det ail t h an de bug p pp aut hen t ica t ion. I t w as int r iguing t r y ing t o is By Donna L. g Har ot her com m ands. At t he b eg inning of t h e out p ut , I PCP and CDPCP w er e closed an d PPP w as t er min a PayPub at tlish ent ion t o t h e Os and I s f or out g oing and incomin g challenges. r 6 sent out PAP an d w an t ed t o er: Cisco Press on a m agic n um ber , bu t t h at d id n' t hap pen. As a r esult , t he 1 92. 16 8. 9. 18 r out e w as rem oved. Then Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 w as an incom in g requ est for CHAP. Not ice t he couple of REQsent s f ollow ed by t h e CONFNAK [ Negat SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 sen t ] r Iat h er t han a CONFACK. The conn ect ion finally closes b ecau se t he r em ot e host w on' t au t hent i Pages: 84 0

NO TE Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble e det ail eansI nmt ern or eetov , soleshoot be su re t o( CI t u rn f all debug out put w hen y ou ar e fin ishe t icketMor s b ased on m Cisco wer orhkead Tr oub in g T) of t opics. t r oub leshoot ing . Wit h t his b ook, you can: Next Set m ake aut along hent icat b et wween and r 6 isios setaligned back t ot oCHAP. n on pp neg u psu anred tfhe ollow w ition h realor ldr 5lab scenar each Tur ex am t opde ic,bug w it hp or t o watwch t h e nor m al act ivit y as in Ex am ple 926. Follow t he Out g oing and I ncom ing debug s. it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl e 9 - 2 6 . De bu g PPP N eg ot ia t i on

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r6#show ip interface brief Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Interface OK? Method Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop IP-Address ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t oStatus r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Protocol

... " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Loopback9 6.6.6.6 up w or ks, in clud ing issues w upit h Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem sYES in Etmanual hern et net cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Serial0 192.168.9.17 YESand manual down aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, mor e up ... App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r6#show interfaces s0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt net wline ork Trou bleshoot is in g down ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Serial0 iserup, protocol Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealHardware isStHD64570 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Internet address is 192.168.9.17/30 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) LCP Listen Closed: LEXCP, DECCP, OSICP, VINESCP, XNSCP, IPCP, CCP, CDPCP, BRIDGECP •

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LLC2, ATCP, IPXCP, NBFCP, BACP

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

...

By Donna L. Har rington

r6#configure terminal Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r6(config)#interface s0 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r6(config-if)#shut Pages: 84 0

Dec 21 08:20:40.411: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down Hand s- on pr act ice for authentication t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot r6(config-if)#ppp chap ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6(config-if)#end Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 21 08:21:13.303: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r6#u all w it hout t h e act ual equip ment All possible has been turned Est ablish adebugging baseline and docu ment y our phoff ysical and logical n et w or k r6#debug negotiation I dent ifppp y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies PPP protocol negotiation debugging is on Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r6#configure Cat aly st ( r )terminal OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop r6(config)#interface s0 ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e shut t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r6(config-if)#no Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r6(config-if)#end cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 08:21:45.187: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulatConfigured ion, and mor efrom console by console Dec 21 %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 21 08:21:46.227: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up env iron ment s Dec 21 08:21:46.259: Se0 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 21 08:21:46.259: Se0 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Active Open Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec 21 08:21:46.263: Se0 LCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 93 len 15 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 08:21:46.267: LCP: CHAP CCNP21 Pr act ical St ud ies: TrSe0 oublesh oot in gAuthProto p r ovides y ou w it h(0x0305C22305) p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 21 08:21:46.271: Se0 LCP:

MagicNumber 0x10B6A853 (0x050610B6A853)

Dec 21 08:21:46.275: Se0 LCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 254 len 15 Dec 21 08:21:46.279: Se0 LCP:

AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)

Dec 21 08:21:46.279: Se0 LCP:

MagicNumber 0x0046EF5C (0x05060046EF5C)

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Dec 21 08:21:46.283: Se0 LCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 254 len 15 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 21 08:21:46.287: Se0 LCP:

AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)

By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 21 08:21:46.291: Se0 LCP:

MagicNumber 0x0046EF5C (0x05060046EF5C)

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 21Dat08:21:46.295: Se0 LCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 93 len 15 e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 21 08:21:46.295: Se0 LCP:

AuthProto CHAP (0x0305C22305)

Dec 21 08:21:46.299: Se0 LCP:

MagicNumber 0x10B6A853 (0x050610B6A853)

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Dec 21 08:21:46.303: Se0 LCP: State is Open Hand s- on08:21:46.303: pr act ice for t heSe0 CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam w it h TCP/ I P, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 21 PPP: Phase ising AUTHENTICATING, byLAN, both t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 21 08:21:46.307: Se0 CHAP: O CHALLENGE id 3 len 23 from "r6" Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 21 08:21:46.311: Se0 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 63 len 23 from "r5" Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 21 08:21:46.319: Se0 CHAP: O RESPONSE id 63 len 23 from "r6" w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 21 08:21:46.323: CHAP: I RESPONSE id 3 len 23 from "r5" Est ablish a baseline Se0 and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 21 08:21:46.331: SUCCESS 3 len I dent if y t r oublesh ootSe0 ing tCHAP: ar get s Ousing pin g, id t r ace, sh ow4, clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 21 08:21:46.335: Se0 CHAP: I SUCCESS id 63 len 4 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 21 Se0 PPP: ise UP Cat 08:21:46.335: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r )Phase Sof t w ar com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use08:21:46.339: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed IPCP: p rob lem isolat ion m et hods t oid r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 21 Se0 O -CONFREQ [Closed] 5 len 10 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spSe0 ot n et w or k issuAddress es Dec 21 08:21:46.343: IPCP: 192.168.9.17 (0x0306C0A80911) Analy ze local and r em ot eCDPCP: access pr s in [Closed] Et hern et net Dec 21 08:21:46.347: Se0 O oblem CONFREQ idw or 5 ks, lenin clud 4 ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 08:21:46.351: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,[REQsent] and mor e id 5 len 10 Dec 21 Se0 IPCP: I CONFREQ App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 21 08:21:46.355: Se0 IPCP: Address 192.168.9.18 (0x0306C0A80912) env iron ment s Dec 21 08:21:46.359: Se0 IPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 5 len 10 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 21 08:21:46.363: Se0 IPCP: Address 192.168.9.18 (0x0306C0A80912)conf t Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr6#u all w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 08:21:46.367: CDPCP: idical 5 inf len 4 ion on all t h e CCNP21 Pr act ical St ud ies: TrSe0 oublesh oot in Ig pCONFREQ r ovides y[REQsent] ou w it h p ract or mat im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 21 08:21:46.367: Se0 CDPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 5 len 4 Dec 21 08:21:46.371: Se0 IPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 5 len 10 Dec 21 08:21:46.375: Se0 IPCP:

Address 192.168.9.17 (0x0306C0A80911)

Dec 21 08:21:46.379: Se0 IPCP: State is Open •

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Dec 21 08:21:46.383: Se0 CDPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 5 len 4 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 21 08:21:46.383: Se0 CDPCP: State is Open By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 21 08:21:46.395: Se0 IPCP: Install route to 192.168.9.18 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 21Dat08:21:47.335: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

changed state to up Pages: 84 0

All possible debugging has been turned off

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO TE

ISet f you e dcert ain yalong ou hav t yprealed ev er ld y t hing cor rect ly aligned in t he conf igur atex ion, out ) t h u paran f ollow weit h w or lab scenar ios t o each amr tem op ove ic, w(itno h or aut h en t icat ion st at em en t s t o ver ify y ou can com mu nicat e w it hout t hem . Th en pu t t h em back a w it hout t h e act ual equip ment v er ify again. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I t h ink t hisleshoot ex am ple for , an d y ou can f ollow t he link est ablishm ent , au t hent icat ion, an d t r oub ingspeaks t ools an d uittself ilit ies net w or k ph ase v er y easily. Be sur e t o r em ove any use rna m e al l st at em ent s t h at y ou m ay hav e acc pu t inDiagn by t yose pin gand t het shor t cut oot u alact l ( for deb ugs al wh ileing in conf igur athion par e y our en r oublesh u al un pr oblem byl)f ollow along w it autmh ode. or- p rCom ovided savedCat config ur at ions t o t he ou t put in my pp p end in g conf igs f ile. aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Not e Use t h at in instbot h or PAP and CHAP au tlem hent- isolat icat ion hod s, t he assweorTr d ouble st ill show r u ct - d ev elop ed p rob ionmet m et hods t o rpesolv Ticksetup s in t h e config u Act ually t his d ep en ds on t h e I OS v er sion. Pr ior t o I OS 1 1. 2, t h e passw ord s w er e encr yp t ed. I f y ou w t hem "encr Snif f" y ptt he ed w inirteh et ocon sp ot figu n et ratwion or knissu ow, es you can use t he ser vi ce pa ssw ord- en cr yp t ion g lobal conf ig ur at ion com m and. The p assw or ds w ill t hen show as en cr y pt ion t y pe nu m ber 7 in t h e configu r Analy ze local r em access oblem tshin hern w or,ks, clud ing issues w it h How ev er , only PAP and passw orot dse are sentpracross e wEtire in et t h enet clear notinCHAP. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, PPP isaut used o negot not only iat ion, f oraddr ser ial essing int er, fencapsulat aces bu t ovion, er I and nt egrmor at ed e Ser v ices Digit al Net w or k ( I SDN) con ne w ell. My focus in t h e nex t WAN t opic is I SDN BRI . You may or m ay not hav e t he equ ipm en t t o per fo App lay er edand t rou blesh ing met t o but r eal-I life rouint ing chin gples in t his book han dsonlyexaercises Trou bleoot Ticket s f orh odology t his t opic, h ave cludand ed t hswit e exam env iron ment s app rop riat e files are available f or y our r eview . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ISDN BRI Or iginally it was t houg ht t hat I SD N w ould r ep lace ev er y p hone line in t h e Un it ed St at es. How ever , t ser v ice has t r ansit ioned t hr ough p er iods w h er e som e people j ust d id n ot app r eciat e it s d ig it al adv an includin g q ualit y, sp eed, and call set u p. I SDN pr ovides v oice, dat a, v ideo, and ot h er ser vices for t he •off ice/ h ome off Table Content san d t elecom m ut er env ir onm en t s as w ell as b ack up ser v ices an d cont in ge iceof( SOHO) •plans for ot hers. I ndexD ep en ding on t he av ailabilit y, b andw idt h, an d cost of ot h er ser v ices, it m ay st ill be CCNP ra ive. cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing alt ernPat By Donna L. Har rington

Alt hou gh my pr imar y f ocu s her e is BRI as displayed in Figur e 9- 6 , t h er e ar e t w o flav ors of I SD N: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: Rat Aprile0 I4,nt20 Basic er03face

( BRI )

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

- 2 B ( 64 k bps) for d at a, v oice, v ideo - Bear er chann els

1 Dice ( 16 for out of - band cont an d w sign g I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hand s- on pr- act fork tbp hes)CCNP Tr-oubleshoot ingr ol exam it h alin TCP/ t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. - Delt a chann el Wit h t his b ook, you can: - Tot al bit r at e is 144 k bp s Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or - 2B D ual equip ment w it hout t h e+act Pr y Rat e I nt er face ) ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Estimar ablish a baseline and( PRI docu I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her - 23 B ing ( 6 4 t kools bp s)anfor t r oub leshoot d udat t ilita,iesv oice, video - 1 Dand ( 64t r koublesh bp s) foroot out - of cont rsolbyanf ollow d signing alinalong g Diagn ose act u -alband pr oblem w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g - 23 B + D Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s - Tot al bit r at e is 1. 53 6 Mbps " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es - 30 B + 1 D for a t ot al bit rat e of 2. 048 Mb ps in Eur ope, Au st ralia, an d Jap an Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

Figu r e 9 - 6 . I SDN BRI

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE Japan u ses a J1, w hich is equiv alen t t o a T1 PRI ( 23 B + D) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

NO Set TE u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The BRI int er face cr eat es t h e 2 B chann els ( 128 k bps) and t he D chann el ( 16 k bps) t o t ot al 144 kEst bps. I f y ou add t he and ot h erdocu 48 ment kb ps of ov erh ead ( sy nchr onizatnion ablish a baseline y our ph ysical and logical et wand or k fr am ing) , t he t ot al becom 19 2 k bp s. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies The I SDN k com p onentoot s inact Figur 7 in clu de f tollow he t er m inal equ en th, ort er pmin at ion d ev ices, Diagnnet osew or and t r oublesh u al epr9oblem s by ing along wipm it h aut r ovided r ef erence, s. I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat alyand st ( r f)unct OS ion andpoint Cisco Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp otFigu n et w or r ek 9issu - 7es . I SDN

N et w or k Com pone nt s

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Term inal eq uipm ent in clu des t he f ollowin g: TE1 — Nat iv e I SDN t er m inal, such as a rou t er or t elep hone Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket TE2 s b ased on nat Cisco t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot g (er CI or T) PC; t opics. — Noniv eI nI SDN t er m inal, such as a in r out n eeds a t er m in al adap t er ( TA) Wit t his tberook, you Nethw ork m inat ioncan: devices include t he f ollow ing : Set p CPE an d fin ollow wica; it h realw orpldrov lab scenar ios er aligned each t op ic, w it hf or or t he t i N T1u— Nor talong h Am er car rier ided elsewh e. I t ist ot he devex iceam responsible w it hout t h e act ual equip ment div ision m ult iplexin g ( TDM) bet w een t he f our - w ire con nect ion f rom t he r out er t o t he t w o- wir e connect ion t o t h e t elco. The NT1 ap plies pow er t o t he line . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k N T2 — Typ ically fou nd in pr iv at e b r anch ex ch anges ( PBXs) . Th er e is an NT1/ 2 av ailable t o pr o I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her fu nct ion of bot h t he NT1 and NT2. Not alw ay s used. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies A line t er m inat ion ( LT) is a p hy sical conn ect ion t o an I SDN sw it ch, w h er eas r ef erence p oin t s ar e m o Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided concep t ual in t er f aces. They ar e j ust let t er s of t he alph abet t h at d on' t st and f or any t hing , bu t t h ey d Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g t o go in alph abet ic ord er t ow ard t h e ser v ice p rov ider : R, S, T, U. Pict ur es ar e quit e help fu l her e, an concep t s app o -bdeevprelop et t yedsig nificant on allion Cisco ee 9-Tr 8 ouble g ives Tick y ou et a sblock d iag ram re Use in st ear r u ct tor p rob lem - isolat m etexam hods s.t oFigur r esolv t he I SD N fu nct ions an d t he follow ing r ef erence p oin t s: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es R— Bet een nand on- Ir SDN ipm enpr t oblem ( TE2) sand TAhern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy zewlocal em ot equ e access in Et cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, S— Bet w een u ser t er m inals and NT2 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e T— Bet w een NT1 and NT2 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env U —iron Bet ment w eensNT1 and t h e carr ier net w or k DesigV ned for waspir CCNP r) tpr essionals, — Bet een ing I SDN sw itand chesCCI w itE( hin heofcar r ier cloutdhis ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Figu r e 9 - 8 . I SDN Fun ct i ons a nd Re f er e nce Poi nt s

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE

Do not con nect a U refer ence point on a r out er int o an NT1 or you m ay f ind out wh at b lue sm o ( t h at is, a f r ied dev ice) sm ells lik e. By t he sam e t ok en, d o not plu g a pow ered NT1 cab le int o a Et h er n et or console por t . As show n in Figur e 9- 8 , t h e U includes t h e NT1 and t he NT1 is w hat Handapp s- onlies pr act forDC t hepow CCNP ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t h eice 48V er t oTrtoubleshoot he line. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: I n t he Unit ed St at es, t he NT1 is t he r esponsibilit y of t he sub scr iber , w hereas in Eu rop e it is t y pically pr ov ided b y t he ser vice pr ov ider. I SD N is an int er nat ional ser vice, bu t serv ices, p rov ider s, and sw it Setr egion u p an danf ollow along v ary by d cou nt r y . w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Alt hou gh t her e are man y dif ferent sw it ch t y pes, it is p ossible t o hav e one em ulat e anot her . For exam Est ablish baseline docudefault ment ys our ysical wulat or k e a basic- 5 ess, w hich is w can t ake an Ad a t ran sw it ch,and w hich t o bph asicni1,and andlogical hav e itn et em Mad ge sw it ch uses. Table 9 - 3 list s som e of t he m aj or I SDN sw it ch t yp es. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot t ools du ilit ies An I SD N simu lat oring m ay be an m or e tcost - ef fect ive for lab s and m ay be w hat y ou are u sin g h er e. How ev st ill need t o be f am iliar w it h t h e sw it ch t y pes and how t o conf igur e t h em . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Tab le es9 -3 . " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu

I SD N Sw it ch Type s

e access Sw i tAnaly ch Tyze pelocal and r em ot Loca t ion pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, [ * ] iat ion, addr essing Basicaut 5 ess o negot AT&T ,( U. encapsulat S. and Canad ion, and a) mor e Basicd ms10 0 er ed t rou blesh Noroot t h ing Amer icah odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App ly a lay met env Basicn i1iron ment s Nat ional I SDN- 1 ( Nor t h Am er ica) Desig ned for and rCCI Basict s01 3 aspir ing CCNP Aust aliaE( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP n et 3 ing exam . Full of Unit dom an d Eur TrBasicoubleshoot pred actKing ical ex er cises t h atope g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealNt t Japan w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e [ * ] I OS 1 2.0 code sets the I SDN sw itch type to basic-5ess as the default. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

The b asic- ni1 uses Serv ice Pr ofile I dent ifier s ( SPI Ds) , and t h e basic- 5 ess d oesn' t . SPI Ds ar e an op t i feat u re t hat may or m ay not be ut ilized depending on t he pr ovid er ( and in f act f requ en t ly is depend t he sw it ch t yp e used b y t he pr ovider ) . Ty pically, SPI Ds in clu de t h e E. 16 4 1 0- dig it ( ar ea code + num add it ion t o ext r a I D codes. Nat ional I SDN w ill hav e 14 digit s ( fqn + 0 101 ) , and DMS w ill hav e 12 d + f qn) .

• •

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NO TE

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna I OSL. 1Har 2. 0rington and abov e

set s t he g lob al I SDN sw it ch t yp e t o b asic- 5ess by d ef ault . All in t erf aces in t he global sw it ch t yp e unless one is specifically con figu red on t he int er face.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

As y ou can see, I SDN is av ailab le in d if fer en t p art s of t he w or ld. Cisco I SDN st andar ds are based on Pages: 84 0 int er nat ional st an dar ds. Th e I TU- T st an dar d en com passes Lay er 1 t hr ough Layer 3, and is fu rt her d follow s: E se ri es— For t elephon e, net w or k, an d I SD N, inclu ding nu m bering p lan s and add ressin g. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ri es— conI ncept uct t er min y for devices. t icket Is se b ased on For Cisco t erns,etst wror k ur Tres, ouband leshoot in g olog ( CI T) t opics. sebriook, e s—you For can: sw it ching and signaling w it h LAPD ( Q. 92 1) for t h e D ch annel an d Q.9 31 Net wo Wit h tQhis bet w een t h e I SD N sw it ch an d t h e t erm inal device. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

NO Est ablish TE a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k To I dent h elp if yytou r oublesh com m oot it t hing e I tSDN ar getstsand using ar ds pin t og,mem t r ace, or y, shtow hink , clear of t hem , debu asg,such: an d ot E her f or exist in g; I for infor t r oub mleshoot at ion; ing and t ools Q f oran sign d ualing. t ilit ies( Ad mit t ed ly , t h e Q is har der t o rem emb er t han t he ot hers; per haps you can t hink of it lik e t h e q9 33a for LMI signaling in Fr am e Relay .) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st ran u ct or ds - d ev elop ed, pI SD robNlem - isolat ion m ett hods r esolv Trpr ouble Tick s Link Access P Just as t he dar sug gest call pr ocessing ak es at olay er edeap oach. I t et uses ( LAPD ) f or cont r ol and signaling on t h e D chan nel. I n m an y inst ances, t he 16 - kb ps D chann el app ea w ir e is t o wsp n et set w orup k issu es less t han a few secon ds. Nor mally , t he com m on sig nalin alway"sSnif b e f"upt ,he w hich hyotcall t ak es bet w een t h e local I SD N sw it ch and t h e r em ot e I SDN sw it ch ( in t he cloud) is Signaling Sy st em 7 ( SS Analy ze local and dr em e access Et B hern et net war oreks, in clud ing issues w it h- sw it ch ed How ev er , SS7 is beyon t heotscop e of tpr hisoblem b ook.s in The ch annels m ost ly used f or cir cuit cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on ew ay lin k, encapsulat ed as eit h er HDLC or PPP, w h er eas t he D chan nel is used f or signaling . aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

The env Layers iron ment s

Desig aspir CCI E( r)orprisofw essionals, t his sind lab g uide At t hened Phyfor sical Laying er , CCNP an RJ-and 45 connect ir ed as f ollow f orispt hen e sab S/ Tleint er face atbtuilds he TAonend, wh Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP U int er face is p in s 4/ 5 only f or t ip/ r ing . Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldPins ap plicat of and LAN 2and 1 ( g ion reen) ( gr WAN een/ wt op h it ics. e) for pow er sou rce CCNPPins Pr act7 ical St ud r ovides y ou ( b row n )ies: andTr8oublesh ( br ow n/oot w hinitge)p for pow er sinwkit h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Pins 3 ( or ang e/ w h it e) and 6 ( or ange) f or Tx Pins 4 ( b lu e/ w h it e) and 5 ( blue) for Rx

• •

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Table of Content s

I ndex An unu sed I SDN p ort is a g ood place for a cut off or blank RJ- 45 connect or , so y ou d on' t somet h in g y ou shouldn 't .

CCNP accid P ra cti en cal tSt udi es: Tr ouble ally plug int o shoot t he ping ort By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

This is a good t im e t o phy sically connect r 5 and r 6 t o t h e NT1 S/ T por t s as in Figur e 9- 9 . Also conn e Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SDN sw it ch or sim ulat or t o t h e NT1 U por t s. Based on t he D - ch annel sy nc b it s, t he por t s on t h e I SD 1- 58 720be -0 57 simu latI SBN: or should g -0 reen, w h er eas t he NT1 is f lash in g ready ( gr een) for t he p hy sical conn ect ions. y ou w Pages: ill cont84in0 ue t o t r oubleshoot as you w alk t hr ou gh t he I SDN scenar io. Figur e 9- 9 an d Figur e 9- 1 t he phy sical view s. Do n ot p rog ram you r dev ices f or I SD N y et .

r eCCNP 9 - 9 .TrSce n ar i o:ing Shoot oubl e w it BRI Hand s- on pr act iceFigu for t he oubleshoot exam iwng it h Tr TCP/ I P, LAN, anhd IWSDN AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Figu r e 9 - 1 0 . I SD N Si m ul at or an d N T1 •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Becau se you can' t alw ay s phy sically inspect t hings, cont roller and int er face com man ds h elp y ou w a tWit hr ou h tgh hist he b ook, lay er you s. For can:exam p le, show cont r oll er s bri 0 sh ows t he Ph ysical Lay er st at ist ics. How e show i sd n st a t us of fer s t h e most help at t his point . u p at an tdhe f ollow along wer it hstrealor as ld lab scenar ios9-aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Tak e Set a look Phy sical Lay at istwics in Ex am ple 27. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Exa m pl e 9 - 2 7 . I SD N Ph ysical La y er St a t i st ics I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5#show controllers bri 0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g BRI unit 0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s D Chan Info: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Layer 1 is ACTIVATING Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r5#show isdnspstatus aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e **** No Global ISDN Switchtype currently defined **** App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ironinterface ment s ISDN env BRI0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = none Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Layer 1 Status: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. DEACTIVATED CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Layer 2 Status: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Layer 2 NOT Activated Layer 3 Status: 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 • •

Table of Content s

The Free Channel Mask: I ndex

0x80000003

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- or 58 720 I cut t he m aj it y -0 of57t -0 he ou t put in Ex am ple 9- 27 ex cep t f or t he it em y ou should look for in t h e show cont rol le rs84bri Pages: 0 0 ou t pu t . The BRI cont r oller s shou ld be act iv at ed n ot act iv at ing. Th e out p ut of show st at u s clearly t ells y ou t he p rob lem . I m u st say t his is t h e m ost usefu l comm an d in supp ort in g I SD t his Ph ysical Lay er pr oblem in Ex am ple 9- 28 on b ot h I SDN r out er s befor e y ou con t inue.

Exa pl epr 9 - 2ice 8 .forCon igu r in g I SDN BRI at t w hiteh Phy l Lay Handm s- on act t he fCCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam TCP/ si I P,ca LAN, an derW AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r5#configure terminal Set u p an d f ollow along w it h ?real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r5(config)#isdn switch-type w it hout t h e act ual equip ment basic-1tr6 1TR6 switch type for Germany Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k basic-5ess AT&T 5ESS switch type for the U.S. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switch type Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided basic-net3 switch type for andmEurope Cat aly st ( r ) OSNET3 and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w arUK e com and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g basic-ni switch Use in st r u ct or -National d ev elop ed ISDN p rob lem - isolattype ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s basic-ts013 TS013 switch " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w ortype k issufor es Australia nttAnaly ze local and NTT r switch em ot e access type pr for oblem Japan s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, vn3aut o negot iat ion, VN3 addr andessing VN4 switch , encapsulat types ion,for and France mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

env iron ment s r5(config)#isdn switch-type basic-ni Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St udswitch-type ies: Tr oublesh basic-ni oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr6(config)#isdn w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r6(config)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6#show isdn status Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni •

Table of Content s

Layer 1 Status:

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

DEACTIVATED

By Donna L. Har rington

... Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r6#configure Pub Dat e: April 0terminal 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r6(config)#interface bri0 Pages: 84 0

r6(config-if)#no shut Dec 22 01:01:52.987: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down Hand s- on01:01:53.019: pr act ice for t he%LINK-3-UPDOWN: CCNP Tr oubleshootInterface ing exam wBRI0:2, it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an state d W AN to t r ouble Dec 22 changed down t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 22 01:01:53.119: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0, changed state to up Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 22 01:01:53.327: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 99 changed Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or to up w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r5(config)#interface I dent if y t r oublesh ootbri0 ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5(config-if)#no shut Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 22 isdn_Call_disconnect() Cat01:02:14.267: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use01:02:14.267: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolatInterface ion m et hods t o r esolvchanged e Tr oublestate Tick et sto down Dec 22 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: BRI0:1, " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Dec 22 01:02:14.303: isdn_Call_disconnect() Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hernBRI0:2, et net w orchanged ks, in cludstate ing issues it h Dec 22 01:02:14.303: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface to w down cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 01:02:14.399: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 22 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0, changed state to up App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 22 01:02:14.607: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 100 changed env iron ment s to up Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5(config-if)#end Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5#show isdn status w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Global ISDN = basic-ni CCNP Pr act ical Switchtype St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE • •

Table of Content s

Layer 2 Status: I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

TEI = 100, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED

By Donna L. Har rington

Layer 3 Status: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

0 April Active Layer Pub Dat e: 0 4, 20 03

3 Call(s)

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 Pages: 84 0

The Free Channel Mask:

0x80000003

Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit t his tbhook, Youht ook e rig you ht stcan: eps in Ex am ple 9- 28 t o conf ig ur e t he I SD N sw it ch t y pe, bu t y ou need t o br ing u BRI in t er f aces, t oo. An alyze t he BRI LEDs on t he r out er s, t he NT1 , and t he sim ulat or . Th ey shou ld a gr eenSet . Now h at ou k now t h eweq t hescenar link s ios ar e aligned w or k in g, ou can concent r atwe iton t he u p tan d yf ollow along it huipm real-ent w orand ld lab t oyeach ex am t op ic, h or conf igwurit at ion. hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

NO TE t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Man y int at ional I SDNoot conact nect do nots by usef ollow t he f ull SDN sig naling, int er sw it ch Diagn oseern and t r oublesh u alion prsoblem ingI along w it h aut h and or- p rt he ovided connect ions m ay lim it t h e sp eed t o 56 kb ps. How ev er , t he r eceiv ing en d t hink s t his is a 64 - kb p Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g call. Conf igur e t h e 56 k bps call u sing t h e isdn not - e nd- t o- e nd 5 6 com m and. I n ad dit ion, d ia m apsinenab leoryou sp ecify t helem speed f orion t h emout g oin gt ocall, bu e t tTr heouble defauTick lt iset6s4 k bp s. Use st r u ct - d evt oelop ed p rob - isolat et hods r esolv " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Alt houAnaly gh not ze pr local act ical and ( rdem ue ot t oe exp access en sepran oblem d secur s init yEtrhern easons) et net , nwex ort ks, I win ant clud you ingt oissues configwurit eh I SD N t o I P- relat cabling, ed t r affsp iceed t o br and ing du upplex t h e, link u t ilizat betion w een andr 5collisions, and r 6. Assig b andw n IP idtaddr h, CSMA/ esses CD, an d on conf e- w igur ay elin t hk,e conn so t h at autito wnegot ill t ime iat ion, ou t ifaddr idleessing f or m,orencapsulat e t han 55 ion, secon and ds.mor Usee t he I SDN conf igur at ion comm an ds in Fi for r6 as a gu id e, alt houg h y ou m ust m odif y t hem t o config ur e r 5 as Ex am ple 9- 29 illust r at es. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa m pl e 9 - 2 9 . Con f igu r in g I P Addr e sse s an d I SD N Tr af f ic

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5(config)#dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r5(config)#interface CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trbri0 oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5(config-if)#shut r5(config-if)#dialer-group 1 !!!note that all the dialer map parameters are for the destination r5(config-if)#dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 name r5 8358661 •

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r5(config-if)#dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 name r5 8358663 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r5(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout 55 By Donna L. Har rington

r5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.9.22 255.255.255.252 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r5(config-if)#no shut Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 22 01:27:06.003: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 100 Pages: 84 0

changed to down Dec 22 01:27:06.007: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 100 changed Hand on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble to s-down t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 22 01:27:08.107: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 22 01:27:08.175: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 101 changed Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or to up w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r5(config-if)#end Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k !!!follow 9-9 wrong statements I dent if yfigure t r oublesh ootfor ing tIarentered get s usingthe pin g, t r ace,map sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5#configure terminal Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r5(config)#interface bri0 I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco Use in st r u ct or - ddialer ev elop ed p rob - isolat ion m et name hods tr5 o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5(config-if)#no map iplem 192.168.9.21 8358661 " Snif f" t he w ir e dialer t o sp ot nmap et w or issu es r5(config-if)#no ipk 192.168.9.21 name r5 8368663 Analy ze the localcorrect and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h !!!now for ones cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,name and mor r5(config-if)#dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 r6 e8358661 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r5(config-if)#dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 name r6 8358663 env iron ment s r5(config-if)#no shut Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 22 01:34:22.943: isdn_Call_disconnect() Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec 22 01:34:22.947: isdn_Call_disconnect() w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 01:34:23.011: isdn_Call_disconnect() CCNP22 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 22 01:34:23.011:

isdn_Call_disconnect()

Dec 22 01:34:23.355: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 101 changed to down Dec 22 01:34:23.359: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 101 changed • •

to down

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 22 01:34:25.523: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 102 changed By Donna L. Har rington

to up Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r5#copy running-config startup-config Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r6(config)#dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit r6(config)#interface bri0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r6(config-if)#shut t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6(config-if)#dialer-group 1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r6(config-if)#dialer map ip 192.168.9.22 name r5 8358662 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r6(config-if)#dialer map ip 192.168.9.22 name r5 8358664 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r6(config-if)#dialer Est ablish a baseline idle-timeout and docu ment y55 our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r6(config-if)#ip address I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t192.168.9.21 ar get s using pin255.255.255.252 g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r6(config-if)#no shut Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 22 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Cat01:46:30.223: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w arInterface e com m andBRI0:1, inp ut , ouchanged t put , and state loggin gto down Use01:46:30.259: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolatInterface ion m et hods t o r esolvchanged e Tr oublestate Tick et sto down Dec 22 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: BRI0:2, " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp%LINK-3-UPDOWN: ot n et w or k issu es Interface BRI0, changed state to up Dec 22 01:46:30.351: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r6(config-if)# cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 01:46:30.523: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,Layer and mor Dec 22 %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: 2 efor Interface BRI0, TEI 99 changed App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g to down env iron ment s Dec 22 01:46:30.527: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 99 changed Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP to down Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr6(config-if)# w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 01:46:32.687: Layer Interface BR0, 103 CCNP22 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr%ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou 2 w itfor h p ract ical inf or mat ionTEI on all t h echanged im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

to up r6(config-if)#end r6#copy running-config startup-config

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Now t h at y ou hav e config ur ed I SDN, I wan t t o t alk abou t t h e config ur at ion a bit befor e y ou t est it . O CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing t he requ irem en t s giv en p rior t o Ex am ple 9- 29 w as for y ou t o allow all I P t r aff ic t o b rin g u p t he link . By L.di Har AltDonna hou gh alrington e r- l ist 1 p rot ocol ip pe rm it is fr eq uent ly g ood in t he lab an d t est ing env ir on ment , in net w or ks you alm ost alw ays w ant a m or e rest r ict iv e policy. Ot her w ise, y ou m ay be p aying f or I SDN charPub ges lishever er: Cisco y t im Press e any I P t r aff ic br ings u p t he link . This com m and is act ually t he d ef ault . How ev er , doesn' giv y ou0 4,any pr ob lem s un t il y ou ap ply t h e global di al e r- l ist 1 com m and using t he in t er f ace Pub tDat e: eApril 20 03 gr oup I SBN: 1 com m720 and. 1- 58 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

The di al e r m a p com m and han dles t he Layer 2 and Lay er 3 m apping , similar t o t he fr am e - r el ay m learn ed abou t in t he pr eceding chapt er . I t hink of it lik e a st at ic rou t e t o con figu re it . " Wher e do you go and how will y ou get t here?" is w hat I ask my self . The " w here do y ou w ant t o g o?" par t is t he d e I P an d r out er n am e. The " how w ill you get t her e?" par t is t he p hone n um ber y ou mu st dial. Comp ar t he di al e r m a p st at em ent s y ou t y ped b ack in Ex am ple 9- 29. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket At t his sb poin ased t , yon ouCisco h ave I con n t ern figu etred w or kt he Tr Ioub P addr leshoot esses, in g dialer ( CI T) ttim opics. eou t , and dialer m ap, b ut not t he ph o nu mb er s. Th e phon e num b er in I SDN is lik e t he dat a- link conn ect ion ident ifier ( D LCI ) in Fr ame Rela Wit h add t his ress b ook, can:Wit h SPI D s t he p hone n um ber s ar e t y pically includ ed ; if not , you m ust con f MAC onyou a LAN. local dir ect or y n um ber ( LD N) . Keep in min d t hat if y ou are given SPI Ds t h ey shou ld b e config ur ed . SPI Ds t h at w er e pr ovid ed by t he serv ice pr ovid er , as in dicat ed in Figur e 9- 9 an d Ex am ple 9- 30. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

NO TE I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools t ilit Itnr oub my leshoot case t hing e SPI D s an andd u LD Nsies w er e p rov ided by t h e man uf act u r er of t he I SDN d em onst r at or m y lab ( and appear a lit t le diff erent if you ar e using an I SDN sw it ch) . Th ank s t o m y f r iend Ch r Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Heff ner, a Cisco inst r uct or an d CCI E for Glob al Know ledge Net w or k, for lend in g it t o me. You c Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g get mor e inf or m at ion on t h is device at w w w .t elt on e. com b y sear ching f or " isd n demon st rat or . " Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Exa m pl e 9 - 3 0 . Con f igu r in g t he SPI D s Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5(config)#interface bri0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5(config-if)#shut Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r5(config-if)#isdn ? Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, all-incoming-calls-v120 Answer all incoming calls as V.120 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. answer1 Specify Called Party number and subaddress CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Called Party and cer subaddress im answer2 por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h eSpecify t r oubleshoot ing por t ion number of t he CCNP t ificat ion, includ in g

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caller

Specify incoming telephone number to be verified

calling-number

Specify Calling Number included for outgoing calls

fast-rollover-delay

Delay between fastrollover dials

incoming-voice

Specify options for incoming calls.

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not-end-to-end I ndex

Specify speed when calls received are not isdn end

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

outgoing-voice

to end Specify information transfer capability for voice

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

calls

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

send-alerting Pages: 84 0

Specify if Alerting message to be sent out before Connect message

sending-complete

Specify if Sending Complete included in outgoing

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble SETUP message t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Witspid1 h t his b ook, you can:

Specify Service Profile IDentifier

spid2 Specify Service Profile IDentifier Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or static-tei w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Specify a Static TEI for ISDN BRI Est ablish a baseline and docu ment ythe our ph ysical andISDN logical n et w ortype k switch-type Select Interface switch I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t arSet get s when using ISDN pin g, TEI t r ace,negotiation sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her tei-negotiation should occur t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies timeout-signaling Flush D channel if a signaling packet can't be Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e in com1msecond and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g transmitted Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5(config-if)#isdn spid1 ? " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es WORD spid1 string Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r5(config-if)#isdn 0835866201 ? cabling, sp eed andspid1 du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e WORD local directory number App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

env iron ment s r5(config-if)#isdn Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP spid1and 0835866201 CCI E( r) pr of 8358662 essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . spid2 r5(config-if)#isdn Full of 0835866401 pr act ical ex er8358664 cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN r5(config-if)#no shutand WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Dec 22 02:12:46.175: isdn_Call_disconnect() im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 22 02:12:46.175: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down Dec 22 02:12:46.207:

isdn_Call_disconnect()

Dec 22 02:12:46.207: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down Dec 22 02:12:46.303: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0, changed state to up •

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changed to down

By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 22 02:12:46.475: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 102 changed Pub lish er: Cisco Press

to Pubdown Dat e:

April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 22 02:12:48.643: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 104 changed Pages: 84 0

to up Dec 22 02:12:48.811: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 105 changed Hand on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble to s-up t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r5(config-if)#end Wit h t his b ook, you can: r5#copy running-config startup-config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r6#configure Est ablish aterminal baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r6(config)#interface I dent if y t r oublesh ootbri0 ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r6(config-if)#shut Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r6(config-if)#isdn Cat aly st ( r ) OS andspid1 Cisco 0835866101 I OS( r ) Sof t w 8358661 ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d evspid2 elop ed 0835866301 p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r6(config-if)#isdn 8358663 " Snif f" t he w ir e shut t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r6(config-if)#no Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hernBRI0:1, et net w orchanged ks, in cludstate ing issues it h Dec 22 02:14:28.855: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface to w down cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 02:14:28.887: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 22 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 22 02:14:28.983: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0, changed state to up env iron ment s Dec 22 02:14:29.151: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 103 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP changed to down Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec 22 02:14:29.155: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 103 changed w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. to down CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 22 02:14:31.319: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 106 changed to up Dec 22 02:14:31.487: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 107 changed to up •

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r6(config-if)#end

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r6#copy running-config startup-config By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

As y ouI SBN: can 1v erif y in Figu 58 720 -0 57 -0 re 9 - 30 , m y SPI D s cont ain t he LDN, so t h e LD N config ur at ion is r eally opt io how evPages: er , it 84 doesn 't hu rt t o con figur e it . Keep in m ind as y ou w ork t hr ough m y ex amp les t hat m y SP 0 conf ig ur at ion is for an I SDN sim ulat or , not an I SDN sw it ch , so y our SPI D for m at may diff er a bit . A use t h e quest ion mar k t o help you conf ig ur e t he in for m at ion you ar e giv en . Now r eview t h e BRI in t er f ace st at u s and st at ist ics w it h show i p i nt e rf ace br ie f an d wit h show i nt br i t o see t he D chann el. Alt h ough it is pr obably n ot p resen t in y our lab, help m e d et er m in e t he issu Hand on9-pr31. act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Ex amsple t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pl e 9 - 3 1 . I SD N I n t e r fa ce St a t ist i cs Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r5#show ip interface brief Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her d u t ilit ies BRI0 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an 192.168.9.22 YES manual up up Diagn ose and t r oubleshunassigned oot act u al pr oblemYES s by unset f ollow ingdown along w it h aut h or- p r ovided BRI0:1 down Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset down down Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ...

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

r5#configure terminal Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r5(config)#interface bri0 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5(config-if)#no App ly a lay er edshut t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s 5d15h: isdn_Call_disconnect() Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 5d15h: isdn_Call_disconnect() Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 5d15h: isdn_Call_disconnect() CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 5d15h: isdn_Call_disconnect() CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 5d15h: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: 2 for ing Interface TEI cer 121t ificat changed to down im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h eLayer t r oubleshoot por t ion ofBRI0, t he CCNP ion, includ in g

5d15h: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 121 changed to down 5d15h: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 123 changed to up 5d15h: %ISDN-4-INVALID_SPID: Interface BR0, Spid1 was rejected 5d15h: •

isdn_Call_disconnect() Table of Content s

•5d15h:

I ndex isdn_Call_disconnect()

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

5d15h: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 123 changed to down By Donna L.%ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Har rington 5d15h: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 123 changed to down Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

5d15h: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 124 changed to up I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 5d15h: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 125 changed to up

Now e for lit t tle oubleshoot ing, anding t heexam p r oblem not Ijust t he lack of AN t imter ouble and dat e st am Handits- is ont im pr act iceafor het rCCNP Tr oubleshoot w it hisTCP/ P, LAN, an d W inv alid D mon essage check m y in phgysical iring . I st ar t ed t here becau se I ' m f ollow t icket s bSPI ased Cisco m I nade t ernm etew dorouble k Tr oub leshoot ( CI T) wt opics. t r oub leshoot ing m et hods pr esent ed in t h e earlier chapt er s. The m et hod olog y indicat es t hat it h elp s Witthhet his ook,and youwcan: at b otbt om or k y our w ay u p. Sur e enou gh, t he BRI cab les on t h e r out ers w er e r ever sed. Th hav e been t he sam e r esult on r6 , bu t I d ecided t o t ake car e of t his issue b y sw ap ping t he cab les. Fe t o dup licat e m y p rob lem an d analyze t he issu es befor e y ou con t inue. This w as a m at t er of r ight cab u per. anThe d f ollow it hissues real- wex orist ld lab aligned o each am Lay t oper ic, or w itDat h or w r ongSet r out sam ealong t y peswof her escenar as w itios h sh oot ing tany Phyex sical a Link w it hout t h e act ual equip ment t r oub le. You r k ey t rou bleshoot in g focus is on t h e local loop , w hich is t er m inat ed on t he NT1 dev ice. ablish a baseline docunel ment y our ph ysical n et waces or k bet w een r5 an d r 6, and I n youEst r lab, v erif y t hat t heand D chan is up , shut dow n and t he logical ser ial int erf t he BRI conf ig ur at ion as in Ex am ple 9- 32. Obser v e bot h B ch annels w it h show i nt e rf aces bri 0 1 2 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Exa m pl eose 9 - and 3 2 . t Ve r if yioot ng act t huealDpr oblem Ch ansne an d ing BRI Conf ur haort i on Diagn r oublesh by l f ollow along w it ig h aut p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5#show ip interface brief " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h , u t ilizat ion and YES collisions, b andw ay lin k, BRI0 cabling, sp eed and du plex 192.168.9.22 manual up idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- wup aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset down App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset down

down down

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ... Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r5#configure terminal CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r5(config)#interface s1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r5(config-if)#shut im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5(config-if)#end r5#show interface bri0 BRI0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing) Hardware is BRI • •

Table of Content s

Internet I address is 192.168.9.22/30 ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

By Donna L. Har rington

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 000:00:00, 4, 20 03 Last input output 00:00:00, output hang never I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Pages: 84 0 Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t Conversations his b ook, you can:0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 5 minute rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec w it hout input t h e act ual equip ment Est ablishoutput a baseline ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 5 minute rateand 0 docu bits/sec, 0 packets/sec I 142 dent ifpackets y t r oublesh oot ing638 t ar get s using0 pin t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her input, bytes, nog,buffer t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Received 13 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r )errors, OS and Cisco I OS( ) Sof t w ar0e overrun, com m and inp ut , ou t put ,0and loggin g 0 input 0 CRC, 0 r frame, 0 ignored, abort Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 140 packets output, 623 bytes, 0 underruns " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 11 interface resets Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 0 output buffer failures, 0 ion output buffers swapped out cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 5 carrier transitions App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5#show bri0 and 1 2CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned interfaces for aspir ing CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP BRI0:1 is down, line protocol is ex down Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealHardware w or ld ap plicatis ionBRI of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP act ical St ud ies: oublesh ootDLY in g p20000 r ovides y ou wrely it h p ract ical inf orload mat ion on all t h e MTU Pr1500 bytes, BWTr64 Kbit, usec, 255/255, 1/255 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input never, output never, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never ... •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

BRI0:2 is down, line protocol is down CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Hardware is BRI

By Donna L. Har rington

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Last input never, output never, output hang never Pages: 84 0

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit b ook, can: i nt e rf aces bri 0 ab ove for t h e 16 k bps D chan nel. I t show s ( spoof ing) . Sp Nothe tt his h e out p ut you of show ju st w hat it soun ds lik e. The int er face lies t o t h e Lay er 3 so t hat t her e w ill be a r out ing ent r y m aint a t he rou t eru pt oan allow d ial-along on - dem r outwing t o w ake up and ttroigger enic,r equir Set d f ollow w itand h realor ld( DDR) lab scenar ios aligned eachaexcall amwh t op w it h ed. or The channwels ar e n ot u p all t he t im e as y ou ver ified w it h show i nt e rf aces bri 0 1 2 b ecau se t hey need it hout t h e act ual equip ment int er est ing t r af fic t o br ing t hem up . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Next look at t he dialer conf ig ur at ion wit h show di a le r int e rf a ce b ri 0 an d show di a le r m a p as in 9- 3 3.I Ver d ial stoot rining gs and st at en tpin s. Fix dentify if yy tour r oublesh t ar get s em using g, ttrhem ace, ifshnecessary ow , clear ,. debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn oot act oblem ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Exa m pl eose 9 - and 3 3 . t Ir oublesh SD N Dia l Stu al r inprgs ansdbyMf aps Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5#show dialer interface bri0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es BRI0 - dialer type = ISDN Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Dial String Successes Failures Last called Last status aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 8358663 0 never App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh0oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit-chin g env iron ment s 8358661 0 0 never Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 0 incoming havebleshoot been screened. Cisco( r) I nt ercall(s) net w ork Trou in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 0 incoming call(s) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies:rejected Tr oublesh for oot in callback. g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. BRI0:1 - dialer type = ISDN CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Idle timer (20 secs) im por ttimer ant con(55 cep t secs), s cen t ralFast t o t h eidle t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Dialer state is idle BRI0:2 - dialer type = ISDN Idle timer (55 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) •

Table of Content s

•Wait for carrier I ndex (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dialer is idle By Donna L.state Har rington Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r5#show dialer map

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 as to get to r6(B-channel 1) dial 8358661 !!!read this

Static dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 name r6 (8358661) on BR0 !!!read this as to get to r6(B-channel 2) dial 8358663 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Static r6in(8358663) on BR0 t icket s b dialer ased on map Ciscoip I n t192.168.9.21 ern et w or k Tr oubname leshoot g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: p an w it h realw or in ld Ex labam scenar t oyeach am t op ic, The bSet est tuest isdt of ollow br in galong up t he conn ect ion ple 9-ios 34.aligned An aly ze our inex t er f aces whw ileit h t h or e I SDN w it hout t h e act ual equip ment connect ion is up and r unn in g. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl eif y9t-r 3oublesh 4 . Broot i ngi h e I pin SDN I dent ingng t ar Up get s tusing g, t rCon ace, n shect ow ,ion clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r5#ping Cat aly 192.168.9.21 st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in u ct or - d ev elop ed Echos p rob lem ion m et hods timeout t o r esolv eisTr ouble Tick et s Sending 5,st r100-byte ICMP to- isolat 192.168.9.21, 2 seconds: .!!!!" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks,= in36/37/40 clud ing issues Success rate is and 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max ms w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 02:59:38.827: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 22 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 22 02:59:39.867: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, env iron ment s changed to CCNP up and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned forstate aspir ing Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 22 02:59:44.863: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface isf or now connected Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et BRI0:1 y ou r eady challenges on tto he j8358661 ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5#show interfaces bri0 2 t op ics. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and 1WAN BRI0:1 is ical up,Stline up CCNP Pr act ud ies:protocol Tr oublesh is oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Hardware is BRI MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Time to interface disconnect: • •

idle 00:00:47

Table of Content s

Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:06, output hang never I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

By Donna L. Har rington

Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Queueing strategy: weighted fair Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Pages: 84 0

Conversations

0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)

Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Hand s- on pr act ice forrate t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 5 minute input 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Wit h t his b ook, you can: 14 packets input, 964 bytes, 0 no buffer Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Received 6 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 0 ablish input aerrors, CRC, frame, ignored, 0 kabort Est baseline 0and docu0ment y our0phoverrun, ysical and0logical n et w or output, bytes, underruns I 14 dentpackets if y t r oublesh oot ing964 t ar get s using0 pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 13 interface resets Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 0 output buffer failures, output buffers swapped Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) 0Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t out put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct ortransitions - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 3 carrier " Snif t he w ir e t o spprotocol ot n et w or kis issu es BRI0:2 isf" down, line down ... Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o ip negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5#show interface brief App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status env iron ment s

Protocol

BRI0 192.168.9.22 YES manual up up Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset up up Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealBRI0:2 unassigned YES unset down down w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Ethernet0 unassigned YESy ou unset down CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides w it h p administratively ract ical inf or mat ion on all tdown he im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Loopback8

5.5.5.5

YES NVRAM

up

up

Serial0

192.168.9.14

YES NVRAM

up

up

Serial1

192.168.9.18

YES NVRAM

administratively down down

Dec 22 03:00:35.595: %ISDN-6-DISCONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 • •

disconnected from

Table of Content s

8358661 r6, call lasted 56 seconds I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 22 03:00:35.707:

isdn_Call_disconnect()

By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 22 03:00:35.707: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 22Dat03:00:36.707: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

changed state to down Pages: 84 0

The pi ng com m and is ju st as g ood as any t hing else t o br ing up t h e I SD N B ch annel b ecause it requ i Hand s- on Ipr ice he par CCNP oubleshoot ingan exam w it hmTCP/ P, ement LAN, an W AN pr ot ocol P act p er m ifor t wtas t of Tr y our d ialer list d d ialer ap stI at s. dYour t imt reouble and dat e st am tqu icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. it e infor m at iv e her e t o let y ou k now t h at BRI 0 : 1 is up and con nect ed t o r6 u sing t h e ph one nu mb 86 61. The out p ut of show i nt e rf aces bri 0 1 2 sh ows you t h at t h e fir st B ch annel is u p, t h e defau lt Wit h t his b ion ook,isyou can:and t hat y ou h ave 47 seconds unt il discon nect . You can also see t hat t he int encapsulat HDLC, count er s hav e n ev er been cleared. I f y ou see an I P ad dr ess, y ou are look ing at t he D chann el inst ea Perh aps t y ped show i nt ewrfitaces bri h outscenar t he 1 ios or aligned 2 at t he tend . The Set yuou p an d f ollow along h realw0orwldit lab o each exou amt put t opof ic, show w it h ori p i nt e br ie f walso clear ly sh ows t he D chann el and B chan nel as being up f or t he line and pr ot ocol. Alt houg it hout t h e act ual equip ment one B chann el is used by default , you can con figu re t he ot h er one w it h t he di al e r t h re sh old com m w ill do in t he " Tr oubleand Tickdocu et s" ment sect ion. Not t he endin shad ed w her e y our di al Estt his ablish a baseline y our pheysical and glogical n etcall w ordisconnect k t i m e out con figur at ion of 55 secon ds t ook eff ect . I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided

NO TEst ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly

Any h eelop dialer and s should lead y ou ttoo rvesolv erif yin g youble our di al eet r sl ist , d ia le r grou Use er in rstors r u ctwit orh- dtev ed pcom robm lem - isolat ion m et hods e Tr Tick di al e r m a p, an d di al e r st r ing com m ands. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Next cabling, br ing t hesplin eed k up and again du plex t o v, erif u t ilizat y t heionlayand er s collisions, w it h showb andw i sd n idt st ah,t us CSMA/ as inCD, Ex am onple e- w9ay35. lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App t rou blesh oot ing r eallife Exa m pllye a9lay - 3er 5 ed . show i sdn st amet t uhsodology Com mt oan dO u trou put ing t and swit chin g env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5#ping 192.168.9.21 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.21, timeout is 2 seconds: w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. .!!!! CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/36/36 ms Dec 22 03:25:28.799: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up Dec 22 03:25:28.835: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358661 Dec 22 03:25:29.843: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, change • •

to up

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r5#show isdn status By Donna L. Har rington

Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ISDN interface PubBRI0 Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni

Pages: 84 0

Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE HandLayer s- on pr2actStatus: ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. TEI = 104, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Wit h t his b ook, you can: TEI = 105, Ces = 2, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Spid Status: w it hout t h e act ual equip ment TEI 104, ces =and 1,docu state = y5(init) Est ablish a baseline ment our ph ysical and logical n et w or k configured, I dent if y t rspid1 oublesh oot ing t ar get sspid1 using sent, pin g, t rspid1 ace, shvalid ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Endpoint ID Info: epsf = 0, usid = 2, tid = 1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided TEI ces Cisco = 2, I state = t5(init) Cat aly st ( r105, ) OS and OS( r ) Sof w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r uspid2 ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion mspid2 et hods valid t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s configured, spid2 sent, " Snif f" t heEndpoint w ir e t o spID ot nInfo: et w or kepsf issu es = 0, usid = 4, tid = 1 Analy ze3 local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Layer Status: cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o 1negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Active Layer 3 Call(s) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 1 env iron ment s CCB:callid=0x8003, sapi=0x0, ces=0x1, B-chan=1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000002 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec 22 03:25:34.839: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358661 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Allocated ISDN CCBs CCNPTotal Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot=in 1 g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

As pr ev iou sly m ent ion ed , t he show i sd n st a t us com m and is an ex t r emely usefu l com man d in t r oub leshoot ing t h e layer s w it h I SD N BRI . How ever , it help s t o u nder st and t he f r ame for m at in Figu t o assist y ou in int er pr et ing w hat you ar e look in g at w it h t he ou t put of t his com m and and similar on I r eview t h e I SDN LAPD f ram ing , I w ill m ov e int o sh oot ing mor e I SDN t r oubles. •

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Figu r e 9 - 1 1 . I SD N LAPD Fr am e For m at

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

At Lays-eron1,prt act h e ice t erm inal dpointTr(oubleshoot TE) is r eq uir bef ore er 2 Iset up can . Th is not en d- t o Hand for t heenCCNP ingedexam w itLay h TCP/ P, LAN, anoccur d W AN t ris ouble bu t r at her r out er ( TE) t o t he local I SDN swit ch. An ex am ple of t his is w h en I h ad t he cables r ev erse t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r out er s and t he con t roller s w er e act iv at ing rat her t han act ivat ed . As y ou can observ e in Figur e 9- 1 2 ar e ht wt his o k ey fields t he LAPD addr ess: TEI an d SAPI . Wit b ook, youin can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip Figu ment r e 9 - 1 2 . Th e LAPD Ad dr ess Fie ld Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es At Lay er 2, I SDN op er at es m uch like HD LC. Check you r t erm inal en dpoin t ident if ier s ( TEI s) . A TEI u Analy zemin local ot e63access pr oblem Et hern et net clud ing ent issues it hough 1 26 defin es a t er al. and 0 t hrr em ough ar e not aut omsatinically assign edwtor o ks, userin eq uipm , 6 4 wt hr cabling, sp eed and du TEI plex1, 27 u t ilizat ion fand idt h, CD, e- w ay lin k, dy nam ically assigned, and is used or acollisions, br oadcastb. andw Alt houg h tCSMA/ he I SDN swon it ches m ay r em ov aut o snegot addr essing e er 's TEI s, y ou need t o re l oa d t he r out e t he rou t er k eepiat t r ion, ack of t hem . I f ,y encapsulat ou n eed t o ion, r em and ove amor r out so. The shut / no sh ut ap pr oach or cle ar i nt e rf ace br i0 is not enou gh. Howev er, t hat will in cr em en App ly at a ically lay er ed t rou oot ing metissues, h odology r ealg D1 ) an d 1 05 TEI s au t om and f ixblesh es m any I SDN t oo.t oNot e tlife hat rou t het ing TEI sand of 1swit 04 chin ( r 5 SPI env iron ment s SPI D2) ar e dy nam ically assigned in Ex am ple 9- 35. Desig ned foraccess aspir ing CCNP and E( r) ) pr of essionals, t his ind tisp enfor sabtle g uide b uilds on 3 The ser vice poin t ident if ierCCI ( SAPI defines t h e m essage y pe h elab r elat ed I SDN Layer Cisco( r) I nt er.net w ork Trou bleshoot g (rCI op ics res t hatorp rI ep areLay y ou t he alin CCNP m anagem ent SAPI 0 ind icat es call in cont olT) p rtocedu SDN er for 3 sign g. SAPI 1 t h r ough 15 examed . Full ical cises t h at g et 1y6ouis r for eady f or pchallenges t he 63 j ob, tTr hroubleshoot ou gh 31 aring e reserv f or of f utpr uract e st andex arerdizat ion. SAPI X. 25 rocedur es.on SAPI ind icat CCNP Pr act ical ud ies: oublesh g g, ives y ou an e ov erf ort he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal2 m anagem en t St includ ingTrTEI assigoot nminent an d SAPI 64edg is used call cont r ol. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. The Com man d/ Response ( C/ R) bit show s a v alu e of 0 or 1 dependin g on t h e net w ork sid e or t he us CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e and w het her a comm andTror response: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Net w ork t o user 1 = Com m and 0 = Response User t o net w or k • •

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0 = Com m and I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

1 = Response

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

NO TE I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 For m ore det ails on t he LAPD f ram e, r efer t o t he I TU st andar d s. I r eally like t he pr ot ocol r efer e gu id es off er ed by DigiNet Cor por at ion at w w w .d iginet . com . I t hink y ou w ill find t h em v er y w or t hw hile f or a n omin al fee. They ar e not only f or I SDN b ut also for sup por t ing ot her t echnologies.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Now t h at y ou und er st and m or e of t he I SDN Lay er 2 t echn ical det ails, t ake t im e t o use t h e de bug i s Wit2h1t his q9 combm ook, and.you Outcan: side of show i sd n st a t us, it is t he p rim ar y I SDN Layer 2 t ool. You can use it t TEI hand lin g, call set up, in for m at ion t ran sf er , dat a- link m onit or ing , and disconnect s. I ssue it now o br ing up t h e con nect ion t o w at ch t he nor m al act iv it y of I SD N Lay er 2 as in Ex am ple 9- 36. Wait for t Set nect u p anbefor d f ollow it ht hrealor ld com lab m scenar t o discon e y oualong t ur n woff e dewbug and. ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl e 9 - 3 6 . de bug i sdn q 9 2 1 Com m an d

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5#debug q921 Diagnisdn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ISDN Q921 packets debugging is on Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 22 04:06:03.183: ISDN BR0: TX -> RRp sapi = 0 tei = 108 nr = 1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Dec 22 04:06:03.211: ISDN BR0: RX andRRp sapi = b0andw tei = 109 nrCD, = 1 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 22 04:06:03.375: ISDN BR0: RX INFOc 0 CCNP tei =cer 108 1 nrin g = 1 im por22 t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t hBR0: e t r oubleshoot ing porsapi t ion of= t he t ificatns ion,= includ

i

= 0x08010405040288901801832C0738333538363631 Dec 22 04:06:15.999: ISDN BR0: RX •

RRr sapi = 0

tei = 108

nr = 2

Table of Content s

Dec 22 04:06:16.127: ISDN BR0: RX

RRr sapi = 0

tei = 108

nr = 3

Pub lish er: Cisco Press e: April 0 4, 20 03 DecPub 22Dat04:06:16.143: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 22 Pages: 04:06:16.179: 84 0 %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358661 Dec 22 04:06:16.187: ISDN BR0: TX ->

INFOc sapi = 0

tei = 108

ns = 2

nr = 3

i

= 0x0801040F Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec RRrinsapi = 0 tei = 108 nr = 3 t icket22 s b 04:06:16.231: ased on Cisco I n tISDN ern et wBR0: or k TrRX oub RRp sapi = logical 0 tein et = w109 I dent if y t r oublesh ootISDN ing t ar get s RX using g, t rsapi ace, sh an d=ot1her Dec 22 04:06:33.403: BR0: RRp sapi = 0 tei = 108 nr = 3 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat04:06:46.259: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco OS( r ) RX Sof RRp sapi = 0 tei = 109 nr = 1 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Dec 22 04:07:03.435: ISDN BR0: RX INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 108 ns = 3 nr = 3 env04:07:12.899: iron ment s Desig = 0x0801044508028090 ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot Dec 22 04:07:12.991: ing exam . Full ISDN of prBR0: act ical RXex RRr ysapi tei im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

i

i

Dec 22 04:07:13.011:

isdn_Call_disconnect()

Dec 22 04:07:13.011: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down Dec 22 04:07:13.043: ISDN BR0: TX ->

INFOc sapi = 0

tei = 108

ns = 4

nr = 4

i

= 0x0801045A •

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Dec 22 04:07:13.111: ISDN BR0: RX

SETUP pd = 8

callref = 0x06

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 22 04:53:23.279: Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec Wit h 22 t his04:53:23.279: b ook, you can:

Channel ID i = 0x83

Dec 22 04:53:23.283: Keypad Facility i = '8358661' Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 22 04:53:23.491: ISDNment BR0: RX show dialer ? interface

Show dialer information on one interface

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble maps Show dialer maps t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Wit h t his b ook, you can: r5>show dialer Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or BRI0 w-it hout dialer ISDNment t h e type act ual=equip Dial Est String Successes Failures Last and called ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical logical nLast et w orstatus k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t0ar get s using 0pin g, never t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an-d ot her 8358663 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 8358661 6 0 00:20:01 successful Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st call(s) ( r ) OS andhave Ciscobeen I OS(screened. r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 0 incoming Use in st rcall(s) u ct or - d evrejected elop ed p rob lemcallback. - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 0 incoming for " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es BRI0:1 - dialer type = ISDN Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Idle timer (55 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dialer iss idle envstate iron ment BRI0:2 dialer type = ISDN Desig ned- for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Idle timer ing (55exam secs), idle (20t hsecs) Tr oubleshoot . FullFast of pr act icaltimer ex er cises at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealWait carrier (30 and secs), (15 secs) w or ld for ap plicat ion of LAN WANRe-enable t op ics. Dialer state isudidle CCNP Pr act ical St ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5>show dialer maps Static dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 name r6 (8358661) on BR0 Static dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 name r6 (8358663) on BR0 r5>ping 192.168.9.21 •

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Type escape sequence to abort. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.21, timeout is 2 seconds: By Donna L. Har rington

.!!!! Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Success rate 80 Pub Dat e: April 0is 4, 20 03 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/36/36 ms I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 22 05:16:37.326: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up Pages: 84 0

Dec 22 05:16:37.358: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358661 Dec 22 05:16:38.366: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, Hand s- on prstate act ice for he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble changed to t up t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r5>show dialer Wit h t his b ook, you can: BRI0 - dialer type = ISDN Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dial String Successes Failures Last called Last status w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 8358663 0 0 ph ysical never Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our and logical n et w or k

-

8358661 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t7ar get s using 0pin g, 00:00:05 t r ace, sh ow , clear ,successful debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 0 incoming call(s) have been screened. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 0 incoming for callback. Cat aly st call(s) ( r ) OS andrejected Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use-indialer st r u ct or -type d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s BRI0:1 = ISDN Snif f" t he e t o sp ot n et widle or k issu es (20 secs) Idle " timer (55w irsecs), Fast timer local and ot e access pr oblem(15 s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Wait Analy for ze carrier (30r em secs), Re-enable secs) cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut state o negotis iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dialer data link layer up App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g !!!note that it tells you why the call was made env iron ment s Dial reason: ip (s=192.168.9.22, d=192.168.9.21) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Time until disconnect 51 secs Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealConnected to 8358661 (r6) w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. BRI0:2 - dialer ISDN oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP Pr act ical St udtype ies: Tr=oublesh im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Idle timer (55 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Dialer state is idle Dec 22 05:16:43.362: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358661 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donnacomm L. Har and rington Dialer s such

as t hose illust r at ed in Ex am ple 9- 40 ar e u sef ul in spot t ing I SDN or ot her dia issu es. Find out w hy t h e call w as m ade or t er m in at ed t o begin w it h. Nar r ow d own t h e dialer issues specif Pubyin lish er: g aCisco par tPress icular int er face t o see p hone n um ber s, su ccesses, failur es, and per B- chan nel t im er dialer ate:es. Clear Pub st Dat April 0 4, 20t he 03 d ialer st at ist ics t o st ar t f r om now on w it h cle ar d ia le r int er fa ce b ri 0 . D iale m ap t he Layer 2 ph one I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 nu m bers t o t h e dest in at ion I P addr esses, and t he show di a le r m a p com m a displayPages: s t hem q uit e nicely . Per hap s you f org ot t h e br oad ca st k ey wor d on t he m ap st at em ent for y 84 0 r out ing pr ot ocol u pdat es or may be you did n't m ean f or r out ing up dat es t o cr oss t h e I SD N link . I t is easy t o m ak e t y pos in t his ar ea, esp ecially w hen p hone num ber s only v ar y by on e or t w o digit s. The ru n i nt e rf ace br i0 com m and in Ex am ple 9- 41 h elp s y ou q uickly spot issues w it h y our b ri0 int er fac conf ig ur at ion t o check for m issed st at ement s and t y pos. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Exa m pl e 9 - 4 1 . show r u n in t er f a ce br i 0 Com m an d O u t pu t Wit h t his b ook, you can:

r5#show bri0 Set urun p aninterface d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Building configuration... Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Current configuration: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ! Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided interface BRI0 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ip address 192.168.9.22 255.255.255.252 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s no ip directed-broadcast " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es dialer idle-timeout 55ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy ze local and r em cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, dialer ipiat192.168.9.21 r6 8358661 aut o map negot ion, addr essing name , encapsulat ion, and mor e dialer iper192.168.9.21 r6h odology 8358663t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App lymap a lay ed t rou blesh ootname ing met env iron ment s dialer-group 1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on isdn r)switch-type Cisco( I nt er net w ork basic-ni Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, isdn Prspid1 8358662 CCNP act ical 0835866201 St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. isdn spid2 0835866401 8358664 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g end

r6#show run interface bri0 Building configuration... Current configuration: •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. HarBRI0 interface rington

ipPub address 192.168.9.21 255.255.255.252 lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

no ip directed-broadcast I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 dialer idle-timeout 55

dialer map ip 192.168.9.22 name r5 8358662 dialer map ip 192.168.9.22 name r5 8358664 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket dialer-group s b ased on 1 Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: isdn switch-type basic-ni isdn spid1 0835866101 8358661 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or hout t h0835866301 e act ual equip ment isdnw itspid2 8358663 end

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided I f youCat ar aly e t rst y ing t o nand arr ow d owI OS( n w hr )y Sof yout wcan' d ial,mgiv de bug d ia le r, and ev e nt s a tgr y as in Ex am ple ( r ) OS Cisco ar et com ande inp ut , ou t put loggin Not e t h e r eason for t he dial and dial at t em pt s. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif t he t o bug sp ot ndi et w k issu es t s Com m an d Exa m pl ef" 9 - 4w2ir.ede alorer ev en Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5#debug dialer events App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dial env on iron demand ment sevents debugging is on r5#ping Desig ned 192.168.9.21 for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Sending 5, ing 100-byte ICMP toex192.168.9.21, seconds:on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot exam . Full of Echos pr act ical er cises t h at g et timeout y ou r eadyis f or2challenges CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal.!!!! w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Success rate isud80 = or 36/36/36 CCNP Pr act ical St ies:percent Tr oublesh(4/5), oot in g pround-trip r ovides y ou min/avg/max w it h p ract ical inf mat ion onmsall t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 22 05:28:43.190: BR0 DDR: Dialing cause ip (s=192.168.9.22, d=192.168.9.21) Dec 22 05:28:43.194: BR0 DDR: Attempting to dial 8358661 Dec 22 05:28:43.546: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up Dec 22 05:28:43.578: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358661 •

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Dec 22 05:28:43.590: BR0:1 DDR: dialer protocol up CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 22 05:28:44.586: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, By Donna L. Har rington

changed state to up Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 22Dat05:28:49.582: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358661 e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icketFigur s b ased t ern et Tr oub t opics. e 9- on 1 3 Cisco in t h eI "nSum mw aror y"k sect ionleshoot at t he in engd( CI of T) t his chapt er r eview s of m any of t h ese com man ds t o assist y ou w it h t rou blesh oot ing I SD N issu es b ef or e y ou call Cisco Technical Wit h Assist t his bance ook, you Cen tcan: er ( TAC) . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Perh aps t h e issue is not wit h conf igur at ion at all but w it h p er f orm an ce. Wh at is t h e load on t h e line y ou nEst eedablish t o adju st t he t hrand esh old t oment br ingy our up anot h er Band chann el or nconfig a baseline docu ph ysical logical et w orur k e m ult ilin k. Per h aps y ou analy ze t he t yp e of t r aff ic t r aver sin g t he link . How ab out issues r elat in g t o r out ing pr ot ocols on t he link ? I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dial-on-Demand Routing DDR is d yn amic r ou t in g on an as- needed b asis t o r educe WAN com m un icat ion cost s. I t is good for per iodic connect ions t h at t r ansf er sm all am oun t s of dat a. I t obv iously is not a solut ion for t oday 's e com mer ce sit es. Ty pically , st at ic or d ef ault rou t es ar e used . Aft er sp ecify ing t he r ou t e ( if need ed ) , •defin e t he t raf Table Content s up t h e lin k. I t is crit ical t o r emem ber t hat any t raf fic, w het h er in t er est i fic t of h at b rin gs •or n ot , can t rav I ndex erse t h e link w hile it is up. The except ion is br oadcast / m ult icast un less it is sp ecified CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing con figu red t his. The id ea is t o resolve a nex t - hop add ress t o a t he dialer map . You hav e already phDonna one nu ber, wh ich y ou did wit h t h e dialer m ap st at em en t s. By L. m Har rington Assu m in g y ou hav e a rou t e, you m ust next specif y int er est ing t r aff ic t o en able t he con nect ion . Acce Pub lish er: Cisco Press list s giv e you m uch m ore gr anular cont rol t han t he $ 24, 0 00 default di al e r- l ist 1 p rot ocol ip pe rm Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 global comm and . Analy ze y our r un ning config ur at ion; t his is how t hing s ar e configu r ed r ight now . I SBN: 1- 58 57 -0 i p per m it com m and w or ks w ell f or t est in g in a lab , t her e ar e hor r or st or ies Alt hou gh t he pr720 ot -0 ocol abou t Pages: t h is in84t0h e r eal w orld . Peop le hav e config ur ed I SDN t o allow an y I P t r aff ic t o b rin g u p t he link and k eep it u p for t h at m at t er in pr act ical applicat ion. Can y ou imag ine hav ing y our I SDN lin k up fo m ont h or so an d get t ing a $ 24, 00 0 p hone bill for t he u sag e ch ar ges of I SD N? I t h as hap pened, b ut bet not t w ice in t he sam e place. So, p refer ably y ou sh ould point t he d ialer list t o an access list in t h r eal w orld . I f you do not w ant t eln et t o b rin g u p t he I SDN lin k, f or ex amp le, y ou can con figur e t hat w it h an access D o t the hatCCNP nex t Tr in oubleshoot Ex am ple 9-ing 43.exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hand s- on pr actlist ice. for t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h m t his Exa plbeook, 9 - 4you 3 . can: Di al er Li st Poin t in g t o a n Access Li st Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r5#configure terminal Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r5(config)#interface bri0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r5(config-if)#no 1 t r oub leshoot ingdialer-group t ools an d u t ilit ies r5(config-if)#exit Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5(config)#dialer-list 9 protocol ip list ? " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

IP access list Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed du plex , access u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k,

IPand expanded list aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5(config)#dialer-list 9 protocol ip list 109 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r5(config)#access-list 109 deny tcp any any eq ? Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob,

Port number CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. bgp Border Gateway Protocol (179) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e chargen Character generator (19) im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

cmd

Remote commands (rcmd, 514)

daytime

Daytime (13)

discard

Discard (9)

domain

Domain Name Service (53)

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echo

I ndex Echo (7)

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

exec

Exec (rsh, 512)

finger

Finger (79)

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub ftp

Dat e: April 0 4, File 20 03

Transfer Protocol (21)

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

ftp-data Pages: 84 0

FTP data connections (used infrequently, 20)

gopher

Gopher (70)

hostname

NIC hostname server (101)

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ident Ident Protocol (113) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Internet Relay Chat (194) Witirc h t his b ook, you can: klogin Kerberos login (543) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or kshell Kerberos w it hout t h e act ual equipshell ment (544) login Est ablish a baseline Login (rlogin, and docu ment 513)y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k oot ing t ar get s (515) using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her lpdI dent if y t r oublesh Printer service t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies nntp Network News Transport Protocol (119) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS andAuto-RP Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g pim-auto-rp PIM (496) Use in st r u ct orPost - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s pop2 Office Protocol v2ion (109) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es pop3 Post Office Protocol v3 (110) Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h smtp Simple Protocol (25) cabling, sp eed and duMail plex , Transport u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e sunrpc Sun Remote Procedure Call (111) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g syslog env iron ment sSyslog (514) tacacs Access System (49) t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned for aspir TAC ing CCNP andControl CCI E( r) pr of essionals, Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP talk Talk. Full (517) Tr oubleshoot ing exam of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealtelnet Telnet (23) w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP time Pr act ical St ud Time ies: Tr (37) oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

uucp

Unix-to-Unix Copy Program (540)

whois

Nicname (43)

www

World Wide Web (HTTP, 80)

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r5(config)#access-list 109 deny tcp any any eq telnet ? CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

ack

Match on the ACK bit

By Donna L. Har rington

eq

Match only packets on a given port number

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

established established connections Pub Dat e: April 0 4, Match 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

fin

Match on the FIN bit

gt

Match only packets with a greater port number

log

Log matches against this entry

Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act iceLog for tmatches he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing entry, exam wincluding it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an interface d W AN t r ouble log-input against this input t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. lt Match only packets with a lower port number Wit h t his b ook, you can: neq

Match only packets not on a given port number

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or precedence Match packets with given precedence value w it hout t h e act ual equip ment pshEst ablish a baseline Match on bit andthe docuPSH ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k range Match packets in pin the ofowport I dent if y t r oublesh ootonly ing t ar get s using g, range t r ace, sh , clearnumbers , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies rst Match on the RST bit Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided synCat aly st ( r ) OS Match on the SYN bit and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g - d ev elop ed p robwith lem - isolat ionTOS m et value hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s tosUse in st r u ct orMatch packets given e t o spon ot nthe et w or k issu urg" Snif f" t he w irMatch URG bites Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h

cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut following o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and e !!!the two commands are all that aremor necessary App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g !!!to create the acl env iron ment s r5(config)#access-list 109 deny tcp any any eq telnet log Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5(config)#access-list 109 permit ip any any Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. !!!the following command ties CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh ootthe in g pdialer r ovides to y outhe w it hacl p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5(config)#dialer-list 9 protocol ip list 109

!!!now you must apply the acl to the bri interface r5(config)#interface bri0 •

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r5(config-if)#dialer-group ? CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dialer list number

By Donna L. Har rington

r5(config-if)#dialer-group 9 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r5(config-if)#end Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Cr eat ing t he access list is on ly one p art of m inim izin g in t er est in g t raf fic. Th e dialer list t ies t he acce list t o t he d ialer , bu t it does not t ak e ef fect u nt il t h e st at em ent is app lied t o t h e int er face w it h t he di al e r- g roup com m and. Think of t h is lik e access list ( gl oba l cr ea t e ) and access gr oup ( in t er fa ce Hand s- .on act ice heiew CCNP exam it hd TCP/ I P, t LAN, AN t r ouble a ppl y) Goprback anfor d r tev t he Tr proubleshoot ot ocol, por ing t and k ey wwor d et ails h at aran ed avW ailable. This is a gr ea twicket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ay t o find a fr eq uent ly u sed por t n um ber t h at y ou are unsur e of as w ell. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or NO TE w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Aft er t he call has b een t r igger ed b y int erest ing t r aff ic, all t r aff ic is allow ed t o u se t he Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k connect ion. I f int er est ing t r af fic st ops, h owev er, t he ot h er t raf fic m ay st op in t he m idst of tIhin gs. dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Repeat , dCisco ia le r IliOS( st ,r an d di g roup cominp m ands r 6, . and Use loggin de bugg d ia le r t o v er if y Catt he aly astcce ( r ) ss OSl ist and ) Sof t walareer com m and ut , ouon t put int er est ing t r af fic as in Ex am ple 9- 44. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif t o sp et w Exa m pl ef" t9he - 4w4ir.eDe buotgn D iaorlek rissu t oesVe r if y I n t e r est i ng Tr af f ic Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5#debug dialer App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dial on demand events debugging is on env iron ment s r6#telnet 192.168.9.22 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Trying 192.168.9.22 ... Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal% Connection timed out; remote host not responding w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 07:14:46.034: denied 192.168.9.21(11001) CCNP22 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr%SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGP: oublesh oot in g p r ovides ylist ou w it109 h p ract ical inftcp or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

-> 192.168.9.22(23), 1 packet r6#ping 192.168.9.22 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.22, timeout is 2 seconds: .!!!! •

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Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/36/36 ms CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 22 07:15:42.882: BR0 DDR: Dialing cause ip (s=192.168.9.21, d=192.168.9.22) By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 22 07:15:42.886: BR0 DDR: Attempting to dial 8358662 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 22Dat07:15:43.238: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 22 07:15:43.274: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358662 Pages: 84 0

Dec 22 07:15:43.286: BR0:1 DDR: dialer protocol up Dec 22 07:15:44.282: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, Hand s- on prstate act ice for he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble changed to t up t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 22 07:15:49.278: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358662 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r6#telnet 192.168.9.22 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Trying 192.168.9.22 ... Open w it hout t h e act ual equip ment User Est Access ablish Verification a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Password: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5>en Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Password: Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st rthat u ct or -Id ev elop ed p robafter lem - isolat m et hods r5#!!!note can telnet theion link is upt o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" not t he wto ir e bring t o sp otthe n et wlink or k issu r5#!!!but up es Analy ze local and r5#!!!no matter whatr em I ot a e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s The g ist of t he pr eceding exam ple is t hat wit h a dialer list you only cont rol wh at t yp e of t r affic br in g up t h ened lin k. init ial CCNP t elnet and w asCCI denied d essionals, you can see t h ind e shisp aded logleline t o wbhy . How Desig forThe aspir ing E( r) an pr of t his en sab lab as g uide uilds onever , tCisco( elnet r) w as allow ed w h en t he lin k w as already up. When it w as t im e for t ear d own , no m at t er w hat y I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP w ere d oing r elat ed t o u nint er est ing t r aff ic, it t er m in at ed im m ed iat ely . Th at is w hat I w as t r y ing Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, t o t y ou in Pr t hact e last w hen t elnet g oty ou cut an offedg . CCNP ical line, St ud ies: Trmy oublesh ootsession in g g ives e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE

• •

Depend in g on h ow y ou p ay for you r I SDN serv ices, consider ad just ing di al e r l oad t hr eshol d an d di al e r i dl e- t im e out . Use show i sd n h ist ory an d look at t h e int er face st at ist ics t o m onit or w h at has happ en ed t o see w het h er y ou need t o adj ust . Th e di al e r i dl et i m e out d ef ault is 120 secon ds, for ex am ple, w hich cou ld b e a long t im e t o w ait if you ar e pay ing by t he m inut e. On t he ot her h and, if y ou ar e pay ing by t h e call you m ay n eed t o incr easeTable it . of Content s I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna The ar e L.mHar an yrington w ays t o conf ig ur e dial ap plicat ion s. I high ly r ecom m en d Bill Bu rt on 's Rem ot e Access Cisco Net w or k s ( McGraw - Hill Pr of essional) an d t he sam ple config ur at ions at Cisco.com . Cook up y o ow nPub con ionsPress w it h CCO' s Access Dial Con figu r at ion Cookb ook. lishcoct er: Cisco Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Next I br iefly r eview d ial backu p fr om a su ppor t view point , and t hen mov e on t o t he Tr oub le Tick et s I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dial Backup Dial b ack up is av ailable in t hr ee var iet ies:

• •

Backu p Table in t er of f ace Content s I ndex

in gStstudi ates: ic rou t es shoot ing CCNP PFloat ra cti cal Tr ouble By Donna L. Har rington

Dialer w at ch

Regar Pubdless lish er: Cisco of t he Press m et hod , y ou n eed t o k now w hat t he p rim ar y and back up lin ks are and w hat int erPub faces e inv Dat e:ar April 0 4,olv 20ed. 03 Th e t y pe of int er face as w ell as y our over all r out ing design are in fluent ial fact or sI SBN: as t o1- w 58hich 720 -0 met 57 -0 h od m ay w or k best f or y ou. For ex am ple, ba ck up int e rf a ce is not d esign ed for ru nnin g on a Fr am e Relay ph ysical int er face, but it wor k s j ust f in e if using su bint er faces. Alw ay s Pages: 84 0 m ake su re t he p rim ar y and back up lin ks w ork in divid ually w it hout get t ing f ancy. What I m ean is, m ake su re bot h link s w ork t o begin w it h befor e y ou hav e one t r y t o back up an ot her. Use t he ba ck up int e rf a ce com m and t o con figu re t he I SDN link t o be t he b ack up f or t he ser ial lin k bet w een r 5 and r 6 as in Ex am ple 9- 45. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Exa m pl e 9 - 4 5 . Ba ck up I nt er f ace Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r5(config)#interface s1 ment w it hout t h e act ual equip r5(config-if)#no shut and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline I dent if y t r oublesh oots0 ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r6(config)#interface t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r6(config-if)#no shut Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r6(config-if)#end Use in u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r6#show ipst rinterface brief " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Interface IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 192.168.9.21 YES manual up up cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset down down BRI0

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset down env iron ment s

down

Ethernet0 YES unset administratively down down Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP unassigned and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Loopback9 YES manual upr eady f or challenges on tup Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full 6.6.6.6 of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSerial0 YES manual up up w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and192.168.9.17 WAN t op ics. Serial1 unassigned YESy ou unset CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides w it h p down ract ical inf or mat ion on all tdown he im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Serial2

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Serial3

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

r6#!!!the serial and bri interfaces are up

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r6#configure terminal

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r6(config)#interface s0 By Donna L. Har rington

r6(config-if)#backup interface bri0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 22Dat07:51:53.102: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 116 e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

changed to down Pages: 84 0

Dec 22 07:51:53.106: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 117 changed to down Hand s- on07:51:53.150: pr act ice for t he%LINK-5-CHANGED: CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w itBRI0, h TCP/ Ichanged P, LAN, an d W ANtot r ouble Dec 22 Interface state standby mode t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6(config-if)#end Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Now t h at t h e back up int erf ace is config ur ed , v iew t he s0 in t erf ace in Ex am ple 9- 46 t o see t he dif fer en Estces. ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub t ools ilit ies Exa m pl eleshoot 9 - 4 6ing . Vi ew an in dg utthe B ack u p I n t er f a ce Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r6#show interface s0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Serial0 is up, line protocol is up " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Hardware HD64570 Analy ze is local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Internet address aut o negot iat ion, is addr192.168.9.17/30 essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Backup BRI0, delay 0 sec, secondary disable delay App ly interface a lay er ed t rou bleshfailure oot ing met h odology t o r eallife rou t ing and swit chin g 0 sec, env iron ment s kickin load not set, kickout load not set Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on MTU r)1500 64bleshoot Kbit, inDLY 255/255, 1/255 Cisco( I nt erbytes, net w ork BW Trou g ( CI20000 T) t op usec, ics t hat rely p r ep are y ou for load t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Encapsulation sec)pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical St udPPP, ies: Trloopback oublesh ootnot in g gset, ives ykeepalive ou an edg e set ov er (10 t he com w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. LCP Open CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im Open: por t antIPCP, con cepCDPCP t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Last input 00:00:02, output 00:00:04, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops • •

Table of Content s ndex 5 minute I input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna 5 minute L. Har rington output

packets Pub 2622 lish er: Cisco Press

rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec input, 135193 bytes, 0 no buffer

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

1 input errors, 1 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 1 abort 2634 packets output, 133687 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 634 interface resets Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s0b output ased on buffer Cisco I n tfailures, ern et w or k Tr0oub output leshootbuffers in g ( CI T)swapped t opics. out Wit h t his b ook, you can: 7 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual r6#clear counters s0equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies For pr act ical applicat ion of t his, assu me t hat I SDN w as pu t in bet w een r 5 and r6 b ecause it is cr it ica t hat rDiagn 6 be able t o com mu nicat e wact it hu ral3 pr even if tshebyserial k bet w een 5 an n . The ser ial ose and t r oublesh oot oblem f ollowlining along w itr h autdh r6 or-is p rdow ovided link isCat u sing a rou t ing pr ot ocol, how ever , and t h e I SDN link is n ot . Ther e ar e specif ic comm and s t o aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g assist wit h r un ning par t icular r out ing p rot ocols ov er DDR link s, but her e a d ef ault rou t e is v er y app rop riatine.stOn he- dotev her h and, may be- isolat you don ant all t or aff ic going ov er tTick he link Use r u ctt or elop ed p rob lem ion'tmwet hods r esolv e Tr ouble et s an yw ay . You ca r est r ict t h is w it h a float ing st at ic r out e as in Ex am ple 9- 47. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut oTE negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e NO App ly a lay er hed t rou oot h odology o r eallifeDrou and switechin Com m on met ods of blesh conf ig uring ing met a r out in g p r ott ocol over DRt ing lin ks in clud t hegfollow in g: env iron ment s RI P/aspir I GRP— Snapshot out E( ingr) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned for ing CCNP and rCCI Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP OSPF— I P OSPF empr and Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Fulld of act circuit ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealEI GRP— ibut et op on-ics. dem and r out ing ( OD R) w or ld ap plicat ion ofCan LANredist and rWAN CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Exa m pl e 9 - 4 7 . Float in g St a t i c Rout e

r6#show ip protocols Routing Protocol is "eigrp 109" • •

Table of Content s

Outgoing I update filter list for all interfaces is not set ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

By Donna L. Har rington

Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 accepted from incoming updates Default networks I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 Pages: 84 0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Redistributing: eigrp 109 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. WitAutomatic h t his b ook,network you can:summarization is not in effect Routing for Networks: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 6.0.0.0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 192.168.9.0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if yInformation t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Routing Sources: t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Gateway Distance Last Update Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g (this router) 5 r ) Sof 1w1d Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p90 rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 192.168.9.18 00:17:25 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Distance: internal 90 external 170 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r6#configure terminal App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r6(config)#ip 192.168.9.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.9.22 ? env iron mentroute s

Distance metric route Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCIfor E( r)this pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP permanentingpermanent Tr oubleshoot exam . Full route of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealtag Set tag and for WAN thist op route w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN ics. CCNP

Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6(config)#ip route 192.168.9.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.9.22 200

I n Ex am ple 9- 47 I issued t he show i p p rot ocols com m and t o ver if y t h e adm inist rat iv e d ist an ce f or EI GRP, t he r ou t ing pr ot ocol t hat is r unn ing on r 6 . Not ice t hat I set t he ad m in ist r at iv e dist ance f or t h float in g st at icTable r outofe Content t o a num b er higher t h an t he adm inist r at ive dist ance for EI GRP. You m ight • s consider set t in g it t o 2 01 in pr act ical ap plicat ion t o t ak e car e of BGP as w ell. Remem ber , t he low er • I ndex adm inist r at ive dist ance, t he m or e believ able t h e r out e. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna Har rington The shutL.com m and

w ill not t r ig ger dial- back up int er faces, so phy sically disconnect t he ser ial cable o r 6 t o t est t h is. Monit or t h e r esult s in Ex am ple 9- 48. Af t er ver ify ing t hat t hing s w or k, plug t he ser ial cable t o Press v er if y t h at it is st ill t he pr im ar y lin k. The I SDN link sh ould ret u rn t o st andby Pubback lish er: in Cisco aut om at ically. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 9 - 4 8 . Test i ng t h e Ba ck up I nt e r f ace an d Floa t i ng St at ic

r6#show ip interface brief Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Wit h t his b ook, you can: BRI0

192.168.9.21

YES manual standby mode

down

BRI0:1 YES unset administratively Set u p an d f ollow alongunassigned w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am down t op ic, down w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ... I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Serial0 192.168.9.17 YES manual up up ... Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r6#!!!physically unplug the serial cable from r6 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 22 09:24:31.625: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Dec 22 09:24:31.661: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Dec 22 09:24:31.693: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 22 Interface BRI0, changed tog up App09:24:31.777: ly a lay er ed t rou%LINK-3-UPDOWN: blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eallife rou t ing andstate swit chin env iron ment s Dec 22 09:24:32.097: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 126 changed Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on to up Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Dec 09:24:32.261: 2 for BR0, 65 changed CCNP22 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr%ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: oublesh oot in g g ives yLayer ou an edg e ovInterface er t he com pet it ionTEI t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. to up CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Dec 09:24:32.625: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line on cer Interface im por22 t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ionprotocol of t he CCNP t ificat ion, Serial0, includ in g

changed state to down

!!!the D-Channel is up r6#show ip interface brief •

Table of Content s

•Interface

I ndex

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

BRI0 By Donna L. Har rington

192.168.9.21

YES manual up

up

BRI0:1 Pub lish er:

unassigned

YES unset

down

down

unassigned

YES unset

down

down

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

6.6.6.6

YES NVRAM

up

Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

BRI0:2

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: Ethernet0

Loopback9

84 0

up

Serial0 192.168.9.17 YES NVRAM down down Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ... t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t hisfloating !!!the b ook, you static can: route is in the table r6#show ip route Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ... w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baselineisand docu ment y2our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 192.168.9.0/30 subnetted, subnets S C

C

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 192.168.9.12 [200/0] via 192.168.9.22 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 192.168.9.20 is oot directly connected, Diagn ose and t r oublesh act u al pr oblem s by fBRI0 ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback9 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h !!!send cabling, somespinteresting eed and du plex traffic , u t ilizat ion to and opencollisions, the B-Channel b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r6#ping 192.168.9.13 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron s Sending 5, ment 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.9.13, timeout is 2 seconds: Desig .!!!!ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ingis exam Full of pr (4/5), act ical exround-trip er cises t h at gmin/avg/max et y ou r eady f=or60/63/64 challengesms on t he j ob, Success rate 80 . percent CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld22 ap09:25:23.289: plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr%ISDN-6-CONNECT: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it hBRI0:1 p ract ical or mat ion on all tto h e 8358662 Dec 22 09:25:23.325: Interface isinfnow connected im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 22 09:25:24.333: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up Dec 22 09:25:29.329: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358662

•

Table of Content s

!!!the first B-Channel is up • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r6#show ip interface brief By Donna L. Har rington

Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

192.168.9.21

YES manual up

up

unassigned

YES unset

up

up

BRI0:2

unassigned

YES unset

down

down

Ethernet0

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

BRI0 Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

BRI0:1 Pages:

84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ Loopback9 6.6.6.6 YES NVRAM up I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble up t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Serial0 Wit h t his b ook, you can:

192.168.9.17

YES NVRAM

down

down

... Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r6#!!!now the back in w it houtplug t h e act ualcable equip ment Dec 22 09:26:20.133: Interface BRI0:1 disconnected from Est ablish a baseline %ISDN-6-DISCONNECT: and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 8358662 call lasted 56getseconds I dent if yr5, t r oublesh oot ing t ar s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 22 09:26:20.245: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat09:26:21.245: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e comLine m andprotocol inp ut , ou t on put ,Interface and loggin gBRI0:1, Dec 22 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Use in ststate r u ct or -to d evdown elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s changed f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n etup w or k issu es !!!s0" Snif automatically comes Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Dec 22 09:26:33.661: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 22 09:26:34.729: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g changed state to up env iron ment s Dec %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layert his 2 for Interface 126 Desig22 ned09:26:34.745: for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, ind isp en sab le labBRI0, g uide TEI b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP changed to Tr oubleshoot ingdown exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 65 changed w or ld22 ap09:26:34.749: plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. to down CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6#!!!bri0 automatically goes back to standby Dec 22 09:26:34.789: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface BRI0, changed state to standby mode

Not e t h at it wTable as only necessar y t o conf igur e t h e back up int er face on one side. When s0 w as dow n, r • of Content s needed a r out e t o get t o t h e r3 d est inat ion , w hich t he float in g st at ic p rov ides. Verif y t he st at e of yo • I ndex int er faces and r out ing t ab le under n orm al cir cum st ances t o help you r ecog nize abn orm alit ies ( see CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Ex am ple 9- 49) . By Donna L. Har rington

ExaPubmlishpler:e Cisco 9 - 4Press 9 . Ve r if yi ng t h e Nor m a l I n t e r fa ce s an d Rou t in g Ta bl e Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r6#show ip interface brief Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

BRI0 192.168.9.21 YES manual standby mode down Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Wit h t his b ook, you can: BRI0:2

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Ethernet0 YES unset administratively Set u p an d f ollow alongunassigned w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am down t op ic, down w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Loopback9 6.6.6.6 YES NVRAM up up Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Serial0 192.168.9.17 YES NVRAM up up I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r6#show ipose route Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es N1ze- local OSPFand NSSA 1, sN2 OSPFet NSSA external 2 Analy r emexternal ot e accesstype pr oblem in Et hern net w or ks, in cludtype ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, - OSPF external type 1, E2 - ion, OSPF type 2, E - EGP aut E1 o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat andexternal mor e IS-IS level-1, L2 - tIS-IS level-2, - candidate Appily -a IS-IS, lay er ed tL1 rou-blesh oot ing met h odology o r eal- life rou t ing *and swit chin g default env iron ment s U - per-user static route, o - ODR Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Gateway oferlast resort is not inset Cisco( r) I nt net w ork Trou bleshoot g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP 1.0.0.0/32 Pr act ical St udis ies:subnetted, Tr oublesh oot1in subnets g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. D 1.1.1.1 [90/41664000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:15, Serial0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t2.0.0.0/32 ant con cep t s is censubnetted, t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot 1 subnetsing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

D

2.2.2.2 [90/41664000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:16, Serial0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D

3.3.3.3 [90/41152000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:16, Serial0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

• •D

Table of Content s I ndex [90/41664000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:16, Serial0 4.4.4.4

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna 192.168.9.0/24 L. Har rington

D D D D

is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 2 masks

192.168.9.1/32 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

[90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:16, Serial0

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

192.168.9.0/30 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:16, Serial0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

192.168.9.4/30 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:16, Serial0 192.168.9.6/32 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:16, Serial0

D 192.168.9.8/30 [90/41536000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:16, Serial0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased D 192.168.9.10/32 on Cisco I n t ern [90/41536000] et w or k Tr oub leshoot viain192.168.9.18, g ( CI T) t opics. 00:17:18, Serial0 Wit h t his b192.168.9.13/32 ook, you can: D [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:18, Serial0 D C

192.168.9.12/30 [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:18, Serial0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equipis ment 192.168.9.16/30 directly connected, Serial0

C

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 192.168.9.18/32 is directly connected, Serial0

D

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:18, Serial0 t r oub192.168.9.20/30 leshoot ing t ools an[90/41024000] d u t ilit ies

D

C

5.0.0.0/32 subnetted, Diagn ose and is t r oublesh oot act u1alsubnets pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 5.5.5.5 [90/40640000] via 192.168.9.18, 00:17:18, Serial0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback9 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

rou blesh ing met o r ealrou t ing and chiny,g and t he BRI B Not e App t h atlyt hae lay s0 er ined t er ft ace is on oot ce again uph odology and up . tThe BRIlife D ch annel is in swit st andb env iron ment s chann els ar e ad min ist r at iv ely shu t d ow n. The rou t ing t able k now s h ow t o get t o r 3 b ecause it has a EI GRP learn ed r out e. Th e float ing st at ic w as on ly in ser t ed wh en n eeded, h en ce t he n ame float ing Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on st at ic. Feel f ree t o r em ov e t he ba ck up int e rf a ce com m and and t r y t h is ex ercise w it h j ust t he f loat i Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP st at ic. Just ping t o b rin g u p t he I SDN lin k and check y our rou t ing t able. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP ical ud g ies: Tr oublesh g g ives ovoot er ht he com ioncon t hrsole ough r eal- e w a Assu mPr in act g ev erySt t hin is conf igur edoot prin operly , t hyisouis an a vedg ery esm oper at pet ion.it A messag w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. gener at ed t o let y ou kn ow t hat t he BRI is out of st andb y m ode. I f you d o not see t his console m essage, y ou may need t o adj ust t h e ba ck up de la y enab le t im er . An ot her comm on pr oblem is n ot CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e hav ing a r ou t e t o y our dest in at ion n et wor k ( s) w hen using t he b acku p link . How ever , y ou had t hat im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

cover ed w it h t he float ing st at ic r out e. You m ight ex per ien ce issues w it h t he p rim ar y com in g b ack up and t h e backu p not g oing back t o st an dby ; ch eck y our ba ck up de la y d isab le t imer . The sy nt ax t o enable/ disable t im ers is as follow s:

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

backup delayenabletimer disabletimer Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

For exam ple, ba ck up de la y 1 0 6 0 say s t h at t h e backu p lin k w ill be up 1 0 secon ds af t er t he p rim ar link f ails and t he b ack up link w ill go dow n 60 second s aft er t he pr im ar y com es back u p. Th ese t im e m ay also be t he r eason f or flapp ing lin ks, b ut you should alw ays ver ify p hy sical conn ect iv it y in t h at r espect as w ell. Com m and s such as show i p r out e , show d ia le r, an d de bug d ia le r ar e h elp ful in t r oub leshoot ing DD R issues. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tYou ickethav s beased on Cisco w or k Tr leshoot CIstT)t wt opics. gained lot s ofI nprt ern actet ical exp eroub ien ce w it h in t hge (fir o dial- back up solu t ions: back up int er fa and f loat in g st at ic rou t es. An ot her pr act ical dial- back up solu t ion f or EI GRP is d ialer w at ch. D ialer Wit b ook, can:ied r out e, an d w h en t h e rou t e is no longer p resen t it init iat es t he b ack up lin w athcht his mon it ors you a specif On e of t he ad van t ages of dialer w at ch is t h e capabilit y t o m onit or m or e t han one r ou t e and t o act iv t he backu p w h en t h e all t he m on it ored r out es ar e out of t he t ab le. The t r adit ional float ing st at ic r ou Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t r igger s only if t h e sin gle specif ied r out e g oes away . w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Rem ove t he ba ck up int e rf a ce st at em ent fr om r 6. Config ur e dialer w at ch in it s place as in Ex am ple Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 9- 5 0 t o w at ch t he 1 92. 16 8. 9. 8 and 192 . 168. 9 .1 2 lin ks. Delay disconnect ing t he b ack up int er face f o 20 secon dsif af t he p rim y link is supusing againpin . g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I dent y tt reroublesh ootar ing t ar get t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Exa m Diagn pl eose 9 - and 5 0 . t Di r oublesh al er oot W at actch u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r6(config)#interface s0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r6(config-if)#no backup interface Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r6(config-if)#exit aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r6(config)#dialer watch? Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on watch-list Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r6(config)#dialer watch-list ? in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dialer watch group number CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r6(config)#dialer watch-list ? im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r9oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ip

IP

r6(config)#dialer watch-list 9 ip ? A.B.C.D

IP address

r6(config)#dialer watch-list 9 ip 192.168.9.8 255.255.255.252 •

Table of Content s

• I ndex r6(config)#dialer watch-list 9 ip 192.168.9.12 255.255.255.252 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r6(config)#interface bri0 By Donna L. Har rington r6(config-if)#shut Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r6(config-if)#dialer ? I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 callback-secure

Enable callback security

caller

Specify telephone number to be screened

enable-timeout Set length of time an interface stays down before it Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble forindialing t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern etis w oravailable k Tr oub leshoot g ( CI T) t opics. Witfast-idle h t his b ook, you can:

Set idle time before disconnecting line with an

unusually high level of contention Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment hold-queue Configure output hold queue Est ablish a baseline and docu ment idle y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k idle-timeout Specify timeout before disconnecting line I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her load-threshold Specify threshold for placing additional calls t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies map Define multiple dial-on-demand numbers Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g pool-member Specify dialer pool membership Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s priority Specify priority for use in dialer group " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es rotary-group Add to a dialer rotary group Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h snapshot Specify snapshot sequence number Dialer cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, for CSMA/ CD, onProfiles e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e string Specify telephone number to be passed to DCE device App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s wait-for-carrier-time How long the router will wait for carrier Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI to E( r)wait pr of essionals, t his ind ispdown en sabwatched le lab g uide b uilds on watch-disable Time before bringing route link Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of Assign pr act icalinterface ex er cises t hto at gdialer-watch-list et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, watch-group CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r6(config-if)#dialer watch-group 9 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trwatch-disable oublesh oot in g p r?ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r6(config-if)#dialer im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g



Watch route disable time in seconds

r6(config-if)#dialer watch-disable 20 r6(config-if)#no shut r6(config-if)#end •

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r6#copy running-config startup-config CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er:ch Cisco Press Dialer w at is cer t ainly easy t o conf ig ur e and un derst an d. See w het her it w ork s b y rem ov in g t he ser ial f r om Pubcable Dat e: April 0 4,r 6 20as 03 you did w it h t he b ack up int er face m et hod. I f y ou ar e not successf ul, it cou ld a v er sion issu e.720 Cisco recom mend s t hat y ou u se I OS 12 .1 ( 7) or high er t o f ix t he cur r ent nonf eat u r e I SBN: 1- 58 -0 57 -0 ( m or ePages: comm only k now n as bu gs) wit h d ialer w at ch. 84 0

These back up m et h ods ar e v er y u sef ul b ut ar e a lot m or e scalab le wit h d ialer pr of iles. For m or e flex ibilit y w it h D DR, consider deploy ing dialer pr ofiles. Dialer pr ofiles separ at e t he logical conf ig ur at ions f rom t he p hy sical int er faces. The b ig ad van t age is t h at t h e config ur at ion f or t h e diale int er face is r e- usable on m ore t han one p hy sical int er face. The main comp onent s in clud e dialer Hand s- on prdialer act icepool, for t and he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ingThere examare w italso h TCP/ P, LAN, ane dr m W aAN r ouble int er faces, ph ysical int er faces. op tI ional di al p- tcl ass st at em ent tt icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. o su pply ot h er con figu rat ion par am et ers t o t h e logical dialer in t erf aces. Witap h tply his tbhook, you can:s t o pr act ical applicat ion, f irst you cr eat e a v irt u al int er face ( in t er fa ce di al To e com p onent 0 ) . Assign t he I P addr ess and en cap su lat ion m et hod j ust as if it w er e any phy sical in t er f ace. By assig ning t he d ialer in t er f ace t o a dialer p ool ( di al e r p ool 1 ) , t h e logical int er face now has m any Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ph ysical int er faces fr om w hich it m ay d raw . As far as t he ph ysical int er face conf ig ur at ion, m ak e it a w it hout t h e act ual equip ment dialer pool mem ber ( di al e r- p ool m e m be r 1 ) and sp ecify t he encapsulat ion t y pe. This p laces t h e ph ysical int er face int o a d ialer pool t o p oint t he ph ysical int er face t o t he logical int er f ace Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k conf ig ur at ion. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Aft er t he m ajor com pon en t s hav e b een con figu red, you can also use t hese logical int er faces in t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies sit uat ions su ch as in st at ic r out es ( ip r out e 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 .9 .8 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 .2 5 5 . 2 5 2 d ia le r 0 ) . You can als pa ssiDiagn ve - i ntose e rf and ace tar oublesh dialer int er face t o pr keep r out in gf ollow pr ot ocols fr om w cont inging u p an I S oot act u al oblem s by ing along it h inu autously h or- pbr r ovided link . For exam ples and ap plicat ion , go t o Cisco.com , login and search for " Conf igur ing Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g I SDN D DR w Dialer Pr ofiles. " An ot her gr eat refer ence is t he Bill Bu rt on b ook m en t ioned p rev iously, Rem ot e Acces for Cisco Use Net in stwr uorctks. or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Tak e "some t oir clean igur es at ions. At a minim um , rem ove all a cce ss g roup , di al er Snif f"t im t hee w e t o spup ot ynour et w conf or k issu gr oup, an d ba ck up int e rf a ce com m ands applied t o int er faces. Check you r f in al conf ig ur at ions against t heze f ile isd nand endrin g ot conf igs t o ensur e y souinare p r epetared forortks, he in Trclud ouble et s. w Trou Analy local em e access pr oblem Et hern net w ingTick issues it h bleshoot as n ecessar y t o mak e sur e y ou hav e a w or k in g scenar io bef ore m ov ing on t o t h e Tr ouble cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ayTick lin k,et s. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e On ce ag ain it is t im e for t he chapt er Trou ble Tick et s. The p lan h er e is t o giv e y ou sev er al t h ings t o d t o let App youlymaaklay em es blesh and fix t h in gs on y our n ,life androu t ot ing in t r and oduce otchin h er pg r oblem s t h at y o er ist edak t rou ootsom ing emet h odology t o row ealswit should hav e som env iron mentesexp er ien ce w it h as a supp ort per son. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Tickets Com plet e t h e follow ing Tr ouble Ticket s in or der . Use t h e inf orm at ion and t ools f rom t his chap t er and t h e pr ev ious ch apt ers t o an aly ze, t est , and docum ent as y ou go. Cr eat e y our ow n Phy sical Lay er pr oblem s or ot h er p r oblem s if y ou need m or e pr act ice in t h at ar ea. Modif y t he Trou ble •Ticket s t o m ake Tablet hem of Content m ores applicable t o fit y our indiv idual need s. Sam p le solut ion s ar e pr ov id ed •aft er t his sectI ndex ion. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Trouble Ticket 1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press e: bug April 0b 4,ri20on 03 r 5 t o w at ch t he TEI negot iat ion . Unplug t h e BRI 0 cab le t o t h e r out er and Tur nPubonDatde I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 -0 m onit or t h e r esult s. Check t he out put of show i sd n st a t us. Plug t h e cable back in and m onit or t he result s. 84 0 Pages:

Trouble Ticket 2 Hand foroft he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam w it hion. TCP/ I P, LAN, d W AN ouble You ars-eon in pr t hact e mice idst t r oub leshoot in g y our Iing SD N connect Look at t hean follow ingt rout p ut t o tdecide icket s w b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. hat t he issues ar e and w hat t o d o nex t : Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r5#show status t r oubisdn leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ****Diagn No Global Switchtype defined ose and ISDN t r oublesh oot act u alcurrently pr oblem s by f ollow ing**** along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ISDN BRI0 interface Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = none " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Layer 1 Status: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, DEACTIVATED aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Layer 2 Status: App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Layer 2 NOT Activated Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Layer 3 Status: Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Channel Mask: im porThe t antFree con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e 0x80000003 t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0

Trouble Ticket 3 •

Table of Content s

D1 config ur at ion f r om r 5. Wh at r esult s do y ou ex pect t o see w it h show i sd n •Rem ove t he SPI I ndex st at uPsrancti ow Com p are you shoot r r esult CCNP cal? St udi es: Tr ouble ings t o t he solut ion p rov ided. Ad d t he SPI D back and v er ify t hings befor e y ou cont inu e t o Tr oub le Tick et 4 . By Donna L. Har rington Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Trouble Pub Dat e: Ticket April 0 4, 204 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Ch ange t he 84 encapsulat ion t o PPP w it h PAP aut h en t icat ion f or t he I SDN lin k bet w een r 5 and r6 . Pages: 0 Tr oubleshoot as r eq uired and v er ify con nect iv it y t o a r emot e net w or k. Com par e you r conf ig ur at ions an d t r ou bleshoot in g t o t h e solu t ion p rov ided.

Trouble 5 t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing Hand s- on prTicket act ice for

exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Con figu re an d t rou blesh oot I S- I S ov er HDLC using t h e sam e p hy sical lay out t hat y ou h ave n ow . his b ook, rWit 1 thhrtough r 5 shyou ouldcan: st ill ru n EI GRP, b ut r5 and r 6 should r un I S- I S. End- t o- en d con nect iv it y is r eq uir ed . Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Trouble Ticket 6

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Man y t imes p er f orm ance is an issu e w it h only one B channel h andling t h e load. Br ing up t h e I dent if yannel t r oublesh ingont art hget s using t r ace, sh10 ow ,per clear , .debu g, an second B ch if t h eoot load e fir st on epin is g, m ore t han cent I k now t hdatot1her 0 p er cent is a t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies v er y low n um ber and 5 0 t o 80 m ay be mor e p ract ical. How ev er, w it h 1 0 percent t here is no n eed t o assert a ver y heav y load on t h e lin e t o w it n ess t h e same result s. Feel f r ee t o m ake t he n um ber Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided low er t han 10 per cent f or lab p ur poses. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket Solutions These solu t ions ar e not alw ays t he on ly way t o p er for m t hese t ask s. Com par e y our result s.

•

Table of Content s

Trouble Ticket 1 Solution • I ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Tur n on t he de bug b ri com m and in Ex am ple 9- 51 t o w at ch t he TEI negot iat ion. By Donna L. Har rington

ExaPubmlishpler:e Cisco 9 - 5Press 1 . TEI Ne got i at ion Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r5#debug bri Basic Rate network interface debugging is on r5#!!!unplug theforcable Hand s- on pr act ice t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 23 06:51:14.784: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 23 06:51:14.792: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E Set06:51:14.792: u p an d f ollow along h real- w or ld scp lab scenar ios aligned Dec 23 BRI:w it write_sid: = 0, wrote = E t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 23 06:51:25.404: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 92 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 23 06:51:25.404: BRI: write_sid: scp = 90, wrote = 93 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 23 06:51:25.408: BRI0: ACTIVATED, state F2, event DI Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 23 BRI: I T4 started DEACT timer Cat06:51:25.408: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco OS(timer r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ouexpired t put , and loggin g Dec 23 BRI: = et 0, wrote = 92e Tr ouble Tick et s Use06:51:26.012: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed pwrite_sid: rob lem - isolatscp ion m hods t o r esolv Dec 23 06:51:26.012: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spBRI: ot n etwrite_sid: w or k issu es scp = 90, wrote = 93 Dec 23 Analy 06:51:26.016: ze local and r em BRI: ot e access write_sid: pr oblem scp s in= Et0, hern wrote et net=w or 1 ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Dec 23 aut 06:51:26.016: o negot iat ion, addr BRI: essing write_sid: , encapsulat scp ion,=and 0, mor wrote e = 0 App06:51:26.020: ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 23 isdn_Call_disconnect() env iron ment s Dec 23 06:51:26.020: isdn_Call_disconnect() Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) 06:51:26.024: I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CIchannel T) t op icsB1 t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 23 BRI: disable Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: TrBRI: oublesh oot in g gchannel ives y ou B2 an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec 23 06:51:26.024: disable w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5#show isdn status Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni • •

Table of Content s

Layer 1 Status: I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

DEACTIVATED

By Donna L. Har rington

Layer 2 Status: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

TEI 118, Pub Dat e: April=0 4, 20 03

Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = TEI_ASSIGNED

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

TEI = 119, Ces = 2, SAPI = 0, State = TEI_ASSIGNED

Pages: 84 0

Spid Status: TEI 118, ces = 1, state = 5(init) Hand s- on pr actspid1 ice for configured, t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w itvalid h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble spid1 sent, spid1 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Endpoint ID Info: epsf = 0, usid = 2, tid = 1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: TEI 119, ces = 2, state = 5(init) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or spid2 configured, spid2 sent, spid2 valid w it hout t h e act ual equip ment epsfy our = 0, 4,logical tid =n et 1 w or k Est ablish Endpoint a baseline ID andInfo: docu ment ph usid ysical = and ... I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r5#!!!plug cable back in Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 23 BRI: I write_sid: = m 0,and wrote 92t put , and loggin g Cat06:52:11.132: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco OS( r ) Sof t w arscp e com inp ut= , ou Use06:52:11.132: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed pwrite_sid: rob lem - isolatscp ion m hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 23 BRI: = et 80, wrote = 93 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spBRI0: ot n et wDEACTIVATED, or k issu es Dec 23 06:52:11.132: state F1, event LSD Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in= Et0, hern et net=w or Dec 23 06:52:11.136: BRI: write_sid: scp wrote 1Bks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 06:52:11.140: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,=and e = 20 Dec 23 BRI: write_sid: scp 0, mor wrote App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 23 06:52:11.200: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 92 env iron ment s Dec 23 06:52:11.200: BRI: write_sid: scp = A0, wrote = 93 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 23 06:52:11.204: BRI0: DEACTIVATED, state F3, event AP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec 23 06:52:11.204: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 3 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 06:52:11.216: write_sid: scp =y ou 0, wwrote = ical 92 inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP23 Pr act ical St ud ies: TrBRI: oublesh oot in g p r ovides it h p ract im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 23 06:52:11.216: BRI: write_sid: scp = E0, wrote = 93 Dec 23 06:52:11.216: BRI0: PENDING, state F7, event AI Dec 23 06:52:11.220: BRI: Received activation indication. Dec 23 06:52:11.232: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Dec 23 06:52:11.388: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 118 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

changed to down

By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 23 06:52:11.388: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 119 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

changed to 0down Pub Dat e: April 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 23 06:52:11.392: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 118 changed Pages: 84 0

to down Dec 23 06:52:11.420: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E Hand s- on06:52:13.420: pr act ice for t heBRI: CCNPwrite_sid: Tr oubleshootscp ing exam it h TCP/ Dec 23 = 0, w wrote = IEP, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 23 06:52:13.532: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 23 06:52:13.556: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 70 changed Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or to up w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 23 06:52:13.564: write_sid: = 0, and wrote = En et w or k Est ablish a baseline BRI: and docu ment y ourscp ph ysical logical Dec 23 06:52:13.644: write_sid: scp 0, wrote = E , debu g, an d ot her I dent if y t r oublesh ootBRI: ing t ar get s using pin g, = t r ace, sh ow , clear t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 23 06:52:13.664: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 23 BRI: I write_sid: = m 0,and wrote E t put , and loggin g Cat06:52:13.700: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco OS( r ) Sof t w arscp e com inp ut= , ou Use06:52:13.724: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o rInterface esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 71 changed Dec 23 %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for BR0, TEI Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es to "up Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in= Et0, hern et net=w or Dec 23 06:52:13.732: BRI: write_sid: scp wrote E ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 06:52:13.816: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,=and e = E Dec 23 BRI: write_sid: scp 0, mor wrote App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r5#no debug bri env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, This a act lit tical le mSt ore out pu t h an y ou ingan onedg a r eegular asis, sopet k eep in m ind t o f ind CCNPisPr ud ies: Trtoublesh ootwinant g g occur ives yrou ov er tbhe com it iont ht at hr ough r ealbest t im e t o issue t he com m and. Th e out p ut con t inuou sly d isplay s w ri t e sid, w hich is an int ern al w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. com man d w r it t en t o t h e int er face cont r oller sub unit ident ifier ( SI D) . Wit h t he cable un plug ged, t h e act ivatPr ion T3)ies: ex pir ed and oot t heinstgatpur sovides w as F2 . The s deact ivat ed, ion t he on callall t ert hmein at ed, an CCNP actt im icalerSt( ud Tr oublesh y ou w it thimer p ract ical inf or mat B chan nelscon w en t dt sowcen n. tAlso Layer 2Dow m essages. I n CCNP su mm cer ar y t,ificat if t her e are quick im por t ant cep ral t onot t hee tthe r oubleshoot ingn por t ion of t he ion, includ in g BRI in t

chang es, alw ay s check t he Phy sical Lay er , su ch as t h e cable or int er face. Unless y ou w ant t o see all negot iat ion in t he b ack gr oun d, h ow ev er, show i sd n st a t us is st ill t h e best t ool for t rou blesh oot in g lay er s.

Trouble Ticket 2 Solution •The ob viou s issue Table ofisContent t he m sissing I SDN sw it ch t y pe or m ismat ch t hat show i sd n st a t us r ev eals q uit •nicely . Wh en I ndex Layer 1 is deact ivat ed , y ou shou ld im m ed iat ely suspect a bad cable or t h e sw it ch t y pe CCNP calt o St udi ouble m ightP ra wcti ant t akes: e aTrfew mshoot inu ting es

and rem ov e you r sw it ch t y pe as in t h e follow ing out p ut an d t hen issu es. Glan at t h e out p ut of show i sd n st a t us in Ex am ple 9- 52 b ef or e y ou m ak e any ch anges. N By Donna L. Harce rington any com plicat ions. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Exa mI SBN: pl e 1-958- 720 5 2-0. 57show i sdn st a t u s Com m an d O u t pu t -0 Pages: 84 0

r5#show isdn status Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tISDN icket sBRI0 b asedinterface on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his bdsl ook,0, you can: interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni Layer Set u p 1anStatus: d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ACTIVE Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Layer 2 Status: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her = 70, t r oubTEI leshoot ing tCes ools =an1, d u SAPI t ilit ies= 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Diagn TEI ose =and 71,t r oublesh Ces = 2, oot SAPI act u al=pr0, oblem State s by =f ollow MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Spid Status: Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s TEI 70, ces = 1, state = 5(init) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es spid1 configured, spid1 sent, spid1 valid Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du , u t ilizat ion=and b andw Endpoint IDplex Info: epsf 0, collisions, usid = 2, tid idt = h, 1 CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e TEI 71, ces = 2, state = 5(init) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s spid2 configured, spid2 sent, spid2 valid Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Endpoint IDbleshoot Info: inepsf = p4, Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou g ( CI = T) 0, t op usid ics t hat r eptid are y=ou1 for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 3 Status: CCNPLayer Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e 0 t CCBs im porActivated t ant con cepdsl t s cen ral t o t=h e0 t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

The Free Channel Mask:

0x80000003

Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0

• Content Now r em ove Table b ot h oft he g lob sal int er face sw it ch t y pes f or r 5 in Ex am ple 9- 53. •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Exa m pl e 9rington - 5 3 . Rem ovi ng t h e I SD N Sw it ch Type s By Donna L. Har Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r5(config)#interface bri0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

r5(config-if)#no isdn switch-type Warning: No ISDN switch-type defined.

No calls possible.

r5(config-if)#exit Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket23 s b 07:09:52.456: ased on Cisco I n t%ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 70 changed Witto h t down his b ook, you can: Dec 23 07:09:52.460: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 70 changed Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment to down Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 23 07:09:52.628: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 71 changed I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her to t down r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 23 07:09:52.632: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: 2 ing foralong Interface TEI 71 changed Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s Layer by f ollow w it h autBRI0, h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g to down Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5(config)#no isdn switch-type " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Warning: No ISDN switch-type defined. No calls possible, unless switchtype defined Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling,and/or sp eed and plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Globally per du interface. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e This change will take full effect upon reload. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5(config)#end Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r5#copy running-config startup-config Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r5#reload CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r5#show isdn status CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e **** No Global ISDN Switchtype currently defined **** im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = none Layer 1 Status: DEACTIVATED •

Table of Content s

!!!now define • I ndexyour switch type and test CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r5#configure terminal By Donna L. Har rington

r5(config)#isdn switch-type basic-ni Pub lish er: Cisco Press e: April 0 4, 20 03 DecPub 23Dat07:17:13.171: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 72 changed I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

to Pages: up

84 0

Dec 23 07:17:13.339: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 73 changed to up Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r5(config)#end t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r5#copy startup-config Wit h t his brunning-config ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The m ain comp licat ion t o not e is t h at w hen y ou com plet ely rem ove t he I SDN sw it ch t yp e t he rou t er Est ablish a baseline and ment y our ysical andunt logical w or k t h e r out er. Just lik e ot her y ou t hat no calls ar e possib le. docu I t also does notph t ak e eff ect il youn et r eload feat u res, how ev er , y ou m ay r un in t o slight dif fer en ces w it h t he v er sion of code. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Trouble Ticket Solution Diagn ose and t3 r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing

along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g First rem ov e you r SPI Ds f rom r5 as in Ex am ple 9- 54. Th en clear t he BRI in t erf ace and show t h e I SD Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s st at us. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Exa m pl e 9 - 5 4 . Rem ovi ng SPI D s Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5#show run interface bri0oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh env iron ment s interface BRI0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ip address 192.168.9.22 255.255.255.252 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, no ip directed-broadcast CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. dialer idle-timeout 55 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant map con cep s cen t ral t o t h e name t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g dialer ip t 192.168.9.21 r6 8358661

dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 name r6 8358663 isdn switch-type basic-ni isdn spid1 0835866201 8358662 isdn spid2 0835866401 8358664 •

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•end

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r5#configure Pub lish er: Cisco terminal Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r5(config)#interface bri0 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 r5(config-if)#no isdn spid1 0835866201 8358662

r5(config-if)#no isdn spid2 0835866401 8358664 r5(config-if)#end Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased r5#clear interface on Cisco Ibri0 n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h 23 t his07:24:13.107: b ook, you can: Dec

isdn_Call_disconnect()

Dec 23 07:24:13.111: isdn_Call_disconnect() Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 23 07:24:13.299: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 72 changed Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k to down I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Dec 23 07:24:13.303: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 73 changed t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies to Diagn down ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Dec 23 07:24:13.307: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 72 changed Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s to down " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Dec 23 07:24:14.111: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling,state sp eedto anddown du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, changed aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 23 07:24:14.115: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:2, App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env ironstate ment s to down changed Desig ned07:24:15.475: for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, isp en sab le BR0, lab g uide uilds on Dec 23 %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Layer 2t his forindInterface TEI b74 changed Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, to up CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat of LAN and WAN t op ics. r5#show isdnion status CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE • •

Table of Content s

Layer 2I ndex Status:

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

TEI = 74, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED

By Donna L. Har rington

Layer 3 Status: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: 0 4, 20 03 0 April Active Layer

3 Call(s)

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 Pages: 84 0 The Free Channel Mask:

0x80000003

Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Not e h ow I f ir st issued t he show r un int e r fa ce b ri 0 com m and so t h at I h ad t he com man ds r igh t in of m e t hat I w ant ed t o delet e. I u sed cle ar i nt e rf ace br i0 t o clear t he int er face so t hat t his w ould eff ectSet . TEIu pw an as dnot assigalong ned as canwsee t he SPI Dios st at us. Now d onex e am SPI tDopbic, ackwat f ollow w ityou h realor ldbylab scenar aligned t o ad each it haort ime a observ e t h e r esult s in Ex am ple 955. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl e 9 - 5 5 . Con f igu r in g SPI D s ( Fi r st B Ch an ne l)

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r5#!!!add one SPID back at a time Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r5#configure terminal Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5(config)#interface " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spbri0 ot n et w or k issu es r5(config-if)#isdn 8358662 Analy ze local and spid1 r em ot e0835866201 access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r5(config-if)#end aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly interface a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r5#clear bri0 env iron ment s r5#show isdn status Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) ISDN I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Global Switchtype = basic-ni Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP BRI0 Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealISDN interface w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: TEI = 75, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED • •

Table of Content s

Spid Status: I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

TEI 75, ces = 1, state = 5(init)

By Donna L. Har rington

spid1 configured, spid1 sent, spid1 valid Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: AprilEndpoint 0 4, 20 03

ID Info: epsf = 0, usid = 2, tid = 1

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Layer 3 Status: Pages: 84 0

0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 HandThe s- on Free pr act ice for t heMask: CCNP Tr0x80000003 oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Channel t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Focu s on t he I SDN Lay er 2 st at u s. Your k ey is t he MULTI PLE_FRAME_ESTABLI SHED st at e f or each B channEst el.ablish W hen ay ou r em ovand ed bdocu ot h SPI Ds yand one b ack , h ownev baseline ment our added ph ysical and logical et er, w oryou k only saw one MULTI PLE_FRAME_ ESTABLI SHED. Add t he ot her SPI D b ack in Ex am ple 9- 56 an d obser v e t he result I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Exa m pl e 9 - 5 6 . Con f igu r in g SPI D s ( Se cond B Ch an ne l) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5#!!!now add the other SPID " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r5#configure terminal Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r5(config)#interface bri0 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5(config-if)#isdn spid2 0835866401 8358664 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r5(config-if)#end env iron ment s r5#clear interface bri0 and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5#show isdn Tr oubleshoot ingstatus exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealGlobal Switchtype basic-ni w or ld apISDN plicat ion of LAN and= WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ISDN BRI0 interface im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: • •

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TEI = 76, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

TEI = 77, Ces = 2, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED

By Donna L. Har rington

Spid Status: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

TEI ces Pub Dat e: April76, 0 4, 20 03

= 1, state = 5(init)

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

spid1 configured, spid1 sent, spid1 valid Endpoint ID Info: epsf = 0, usid = 2, tid = 1

TEI 77, ces = 2, state = 5(init) Hand s- on pr actspid2 ice for configured, t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it valid h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble spid2 sent, spid2 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Endpoint ID Info: epsf = 0, usid = 4, tid = 1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The m or al of t h is t ick et is MULTI PLE_FRAME_ESTABLI SHED an d valid SPI D s. The t ool is show i sd n st at uEst s. ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing4t ools an d u t ilit ies Trouble Ticket Solution Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Con figu PPP ion w IitOS( h PAP autthent ion SDN i0 ,inand t er f aces t og pr odu ce t he Catrealy st ( rencapsulat ) OS and Cisco r ) Sof w ar eicat com m on andt he inpIut , oubr t put loggin conf ig ur at ions in Ex am ple 9- 57. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif t o spfot n etr w issu esEn ca psu la t i on an d PAP Au t h en t i ca t ion Exa m pl ef" t9he - 5w7ir.eCon igu inorgk PPP Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o running-config negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5#show App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g hostname r5 env iron ment s enable cisco Desig nedpassword for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP username r6ing password 0 donna Tr oubleshoot exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealip w or subnet-zero ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. isdn basic-ni CCNP switch-type Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

... interface Loopback8 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 no ip directed-broadcast •

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!

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

interface Serial0 By Donna L. Har rington

bandwidth 64 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ipPub address 255.255.255.252 Dat e: April192.168.9.14 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

no ip directed-broadcast Pages: 84 0

encapsulation ppp no ip mroute-cache Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ! t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. interface Serial1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: bandwidth 64 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ip address 192.168.9.18 255.255.255.252 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment no ip directed-broadcast Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k encapsulation ppp oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I dent if y t r oublesh t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ppp authentication chap Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ! Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in stBRI0 r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s interface " Snif f" t he192.168.9.22 w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ip address 255.255.255.252 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h no ip directed-broadcast cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e encapsulation ppp App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g dialer idle-timeout 55 env iron ment s dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 name r6 8358661 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP dialer map ip 192.168.9.21 name r6 8358663 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealdialer-group 1 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. isdn Prswitch-type basic-ni CCNP act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

isdn spid1 0835866201 8358662 isdn spid2 0835866401 8358664 ppp authentication pap callin ppp pap sent-username paplady password 7 0117090A550A •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

end

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r6#show running-config Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

hostname r6

Pages: 84 0

! username r5 password 0 donna Hand s- on pr act ice forpassword t he CCNP0Trdonna oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble username paplady t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ip subnet-zero Wit h t his b ook, you can: isdn switch-type basic-ni !

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

interface Loopback9 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ip address 255.255.255.255 I dent if y t 6.6.6.6 r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies no ip directed-broadcast Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ! Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in stSerial0 r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s interface " Snif f" t he bandwidth 64 w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e255.255.255.252 access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ip address 192.168.9.17 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut directed-broadcast o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e no ip App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g encapsulation ppp env iron ment s no ip mroute-cache Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP clockrate 64000 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealppp authentication chap w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ! CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

... interface BRI0 ip address 192.168.9.21 255.255.255.252 no ip directed-broadcast • •

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encapsulation ppp I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

dialer idle-timeout 55

By Donna L. Har rington

dialer map ip 192.168.9.22 name r5 8358662 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

dialer map name r5 8358664 Pub Dat e: Aprilip 0 4, 192.168.9.22 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

dialer-group 1 Pages: 84 0

isdn switch-type basic-ni isdn spid1 0835866101 8358661 Hand pr act0835866301 ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble isdns- on spid2 8358663 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ppp authentication pap Wit h t his b ook, you can: ... end

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Tur n on t heleshoot de bug neg ion t r oub ingp pp t ools anot d ia u ttilit iescom m and t o wat ch t he aut hent icat ion pr ocess in Ex am ple 9- 5 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat Cisco I OS( r N ) Sof w ar anderinp , ou t put , and loggin g Exa m plaly e st9(-r )5 OS 8 . and De bu g PPP egtot iaetcom i onmov I ut SDN Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r5#debug ppp negotiation Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h PPP protocol debugging cabling, spnegotiation eed and du plex , u t ilizat ionis andoncollisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5#ping 192.168.9.21 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Type env escape sequence to abort. iron ment s Sending ICMPand Echos 192.168.9.21, timeout Desig ned 5, for 100-byte aspir ing CCNP CCI E(to r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp enis sab2le seconds: lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP .!!!! Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSuccess rateion isof80 percent (4/5), w or ld ap plicat LAN and WAN t op ics.round-trip min/avg/max = 36/37/40 ms CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr%LINK-3-UPDOWN: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w itBRI0:1, h p ract ical inf or matstate ion on to all tup he Dec 23 08:11:17.355: Interface changed im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 23 08:11:17.391: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358661 Dec 23 08:11:17.399: BR0:1 PPP: Treating connection as a callout Dec 23 08:11:17.399: BR0:1 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Active Open Dec 23 08:11:17.403: BR0:1 PPP: No remote authentication for call-out •

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Dec 23 08:11:17.403: BR0:1 LCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 3 len 10 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 23 08:11:17.407: BR0:1 LCP:

MagicNumber 0x0042EEFD (0x05060042EEFD)

By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 23 08:11:17.423: BR0:1 LCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 3 len 14 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

DecPub 23Dat08:11:17.427: BR0:1 LCP: e: April 0 4, 20 03

AuthProto PAP (0x0304C023)

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 23 08:11:17.431: BR0:1 LCP: Pages: 84 0

MagicNumber 0x172FC497 (0x0506172FC497)

Dec 23 08:11:17.431: BR0:1 LCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 3 len 14 Dec 23 08:11:17.435: BR0:1 LCP:

AuthProto PAP (0x0304C023)

Hand s- on08:11:17.439: pr act ice for t heBR0:1 CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w0x172FC497 it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Dec 23 LCP: MagicNumber (0x0506172FC497) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 23 08:11:17.443: BR0:1 LCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 3 len 10 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 23 08:11:17.443: BR0:1 LCP:

MagicNumber 0x0042EEFD (0x05060042EEFD)

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 23 08:11:17.447: BR0:1 LCP: State is Open w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 23 08:11:17.451: PPP: Phase is ysical AUTHENTICATING, peer Est ablish a baseline BR0:1 and docu ment y our ph and logical n etby w orthe k Dec 23 08:11:17.459: O AUTH-REQ id 3shlen 18 from "paplady" I dent if y t r oublesh ootBR0:1 ing t arPAP: get s using pin g, t r ace, ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 23 08:11:17.475: BR0:1 PAP: I AUTH-ACK id 3 len 5 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 23 BR0:1I OS( PPP: Phase UPm and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat 08:11:17.479: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco r ) Sof t w ar eiscom Use08:11:17.483: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem -Oisolat ion m et hods t o r esolv Tr ouble Dec 23 BR0:1 IPCP: CONFREQ [Closed] id 3e len 10 Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spBR0:1 ot n et wIPCP: or k issu esAddress 192.168.9.22 (0x0306C0A80916) Dec 23 08:11:17.487: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net wid or ks, in clud Dec 23 08:11:17.491: BR0:1 CDPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] 3 len 4 ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 08:11:17.495: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 23 BR0:1 IPCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 3 len 10 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 23 08:11:17.495: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 192.168.9.21 (0x0306C0A80915) env iron ment s Dec 23 08:11:17.499: BR0:1 IPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 3 len 10 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Dec 23 08:11:17.503: BR0:1 IPCP: Address 192.168.9.21 (0x0306C0A80915) Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDec 23 08:11:17.507: BR0:1 CDPCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 3 len 4 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 08:11:17.511: CONFACK id inf 3 or len CCNP23 Pr act ical St ud ies: TrBR0:1 oubleshCDPCP: oot in g pOr ovides y ou[REQsent] w it h p ract ical mat4ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dec 23 08:11:17.515: BR0:1 IPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 3 len 10 Dec 23 08:11:17.519: BR0:1 IPCP:

Address 192.168.9.22 (0x0306C0A80916)

Dec 23 08:11:17.519: BR0:1 IPCP: State is Open Dec 23 08:11:17.523: BR0:1 CDPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 3 len 4 •

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Dec 23 08:11:17.527: BR0:1 CDPCP: State is Open CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 23 08:11:17.535: BR0 IPCP: Install route to 192.168.9.21 By Donna L. Har rington

Dec 23 08:11:18.479: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, Pub lish er: Cisco Press

changed state to Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 up I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dec 23 08:11:23.395: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8358661 Pages: 84 0

!!!now for the disconnect Dec 23 08:12:14.115: %ISDN-6-DISCONNECT: Interface BRI0:1

disconnected from 835866

Hand pr act ice t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble calls- on lasted 56 for seconds t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec 23 08:12:14.227: isdn_Call_disconnect() Wit h t his b ook, you can: Dec 23 08:12:14.227: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dec 23 08:12:14.259: BR0:1 IPCP: State is Closed w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 23 08:12:14.263: CDPCP: Closed Est ablish a baseline BR0:1 and docu ment yState our ph is ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 23 08:12:14.263: Phasepinis I dent if y t r oublesh ootBR0:1 ing t arPPP: get s using g, TERMINATING t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 23 08:12:14.267: BR0:1 LCP: State is Closed Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 23 BR0:1I OS( PPP: Phase DOWN Cat08:12:14.267: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco r ) Sof t w ar eiscom m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use08:12:14.271: in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed IPCP: p rob lem - isolat ion m et to hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 23 BR0 Remove route 192.168.9.21 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: ot n et w or k issu es Dec 23 08:12:15.227: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, Analy zestate local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h changed to down cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5#u aut all App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on PAP is r)a Ioneaywchallen gebleshoot p er f ormined e.ics Not ice p t he Cisco( nt erwnet ork Trou g (one CI T)t im t op t hat r epaut arehent y ouicat forion t her equest CCNP an d ack now ledgm The com m ands de bug p pp aut hen t ica t ion an d de bug p pp neg ot ia t ion ar e q uit on e helpf in Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges t he ul j ob, tCCNP r oub leshoot ing aut hent icat ion issues. I n m y t est , r 5 w as t he calling rou t er and r 6 w as t he called ro Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealRefer ence t he CCO " Conf igur ing and Tr oub leshoot ing PAP" Tech Not e at Cisco.com f or m or e det ail. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g Trouble Ticket 5 Solution

Refer b ack t o t h e init ial chapt er scenar io in Figur e 9- 1 f or t h e phy sical layou t of y our lab . Use Figur a m or e d et ailed v iew of r 5 and r6 . Con figu re I S- I S on r 5 and r 6 as in Ex am ple 9- 59. I f y ou w an t t o m or e of w hat is going on you can log t h e adj acency chan ges for I S- I S.

Exa m pl e 9 - 5 9 . Con f igu r in g I S-I S on r 5 an d r 6 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r5#configure terminal By Donna L. Har rington r5(config)#router isis Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 r5(config-router)#net ? I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 ... 0 XX.XXXX. .XXX.XX

Network entity title (NET)

r5(config-router)#net 49.0001.5555.5555.00 r5(config-router)#interface s1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r5(config-if)#ip router t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern isis et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Dec Wit h 23 t his08:20:26.927: b ook, you can: Se1 PPP: Outbound clns_es packet dropped, OSICP is Closed [starting negotiations] Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip Dec 23 08:20:26.927: Se1 ment OSICP: State is Listen Est ablish a baseline Se1 and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 23 08:20:26.931: OSICP: TIMEout: State Listen I dent if y t r oublesh ootSe1 ing tOSICP: ar get s using pin g, t r[Listen] ace, sh ow ,id clear debu Dec 23 08:20:26.935: O CONFREQ 1 ,len 4 g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 23 08:20:26.947: Se1 LCP: I PROTREJ [Open] id 47 len 10 protocol OSICP Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g (0x802301010004) Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dec 23 08:20:26.947: Se1 OSICP: State is Closed " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Dec 23 08:20:27.083: Se1 PPP: Outbound clns_is packet dropped, OSICP is Closed Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h [starting negotiations] cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Dec 23 08:20:27.087: Se1 OSICP: State is Closed App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dec 23 Se1 OSICP: TIMEout: State Closed env08:20:27.091: iron ment s Desig23 ned08:20:27.091: for aspir ing CCNP CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Dec Se1and OSICP: State is Listen Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full ofloopback pr act ical ex r5(config-if)#interface 8 er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and isis WAN t op ics. r5(config-if)#ip router CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Treigrp oublesh109 oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r5(config-if)#router im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

!!!no need to send any eigrp advertisements on s1 or lo8 r5(config-router)#passive-interface s1 r5(config-router)#passive-interface lo8 r5(config-router)#end •

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r5#copy running-config startup-config CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r6#configure terminal Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r6(config)#no router eigrp 109 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r6(config)#router isis Pages: 84 0

r6(config-router)#net 49.0001.6666.6666.00 r6(config-router)#interface s0 Hand s- on pr act ice forrouter t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r6(config-if)#ip isis t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r6(config-if)#interface loopback 9 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r6(config-if)#ip router isis Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or r6(config-if)#end w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r6#copy running-config startup-config Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Now tDiagn h at I Sose I S and is conf t r oublesh igur ed,oot v iew actyuour al pr n eigh oblem bor s s, byt he f ollow t oping ology along , t hewdat it h abase, aut h or-and p r ovided y our int er f aces Ex amCat ple aly 9- 60. st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl e 9 - 6 0 . Ve r if yi ng I S- I S

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r6#show aut o clns negotneighbors iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e System SNPA State Type AppId ly a lay erInterface ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eallife rouHoldtime t ing and swit chin gProtocol env iron ment s 0001.5555.5555 Se0 *PPP* Up 28 L1L2 IS-IS Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r6#show isis ? ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical St w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. database IS-IS link state database CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im mesh-groups por t ant con cep tIS-IS s cen t ral t o t hgroups e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g mesh

route

IS-IS level-1 routing table

spf-log

IS-IS SPF log

topology

IS-IS paths to Intermediate Systems

•

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•r6#show isis I ndex topology CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna paths IS-IS L. Har rington to level-1 routers

System Pub lishId er:

Cisco PressMetric

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

0001.5555.5555

10

Pages: 84 0 0001.6666.6666

--

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Next-Hop

Interface

SNPA

0001.5555.5555

Se0

*PPP*

IS-IS paths to level-2 routers Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b Id System ased on Cisco Metric I n t ern Next-Hop et w or k Tr oub leshootInterface in g ( CI T) t opics. SNPA Wit h t his b ook, you 10 can: 0001.5555.5555

0001.5555.5555

Se0

*PPP*

0001.6666.6666 -Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r6#show isis database I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her IS-ISt r oub Level-1 State leshootLink ing t ools an dDatabase u t ilit ies LSPIDDiagn ose and t r oublesh LSP LSP Checksum LSPalong Holdtime ATT/P/OL ootSeq act uNum al pr oblem s by f ollow ing w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 0001.5555.5555.00-00 0x00000004 0x58C6 1043 0/0/0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 0001.5555.5555.01-00 0x00000001 0x3DF8 934 0/0/0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 0001.6666.6666.00-00* 0x00000004 0x8FFE 1053 0/0/0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du0x00000001 plex , u t ilizat ion0x0AA3 and collisions, b1057 andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, 0/0/0 on e- w ay lin k, 0001.6666.6666.01-00* aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g iron mentLink s IS-ISenv Level-2 State Database Desig andSeq CCI Num E( r) prLSP of essionals, t his LSP ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on LSPIDned for aspir ing CCNP LSP Checksum Holdtime ATT/P/OL Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full0x00000005 of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y 1053 ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, 0001.5555.5555.00-00 0x68C5 0/0/0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 0x18CC 0001.6666.6666.00-00* 0x00000005 1058 0/0/0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r6# im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6#show ip interface brief Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

BRI0

192.168.9.21

YES manual up

up

unassigned

YES unset

down

down down

•

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BRI0:1 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

BRI0:2

unassigned

YES unset

down

Ethernet0

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

6.6.6.6

YES NVRAM

up

up

192.168.9.17

YES NVRAM

up

up

Serial1

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

Serial2

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: Loopback9

April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Serial0 Pages:

84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Serial3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r6#show clns interface s0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Serial0 is up, line protocol w it hout t h e act ual equip ment is up Checksums 1500, Encapsulation Est ablish enabled, a baseline MTU and docu ment y our ph ysical PPP and logical n et w or k I dent ifenabled, y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her ERPDUs min. interval 10 msec. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies RDPDUs enabled, min. interval 100 msec., Addr Mask enabled Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r )Experienced OS and Cisco bit I OS(set r ) Sof tw4 ar epackets com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Congestion at Usefast in st r uswitching ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s CLNS enabled " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es CLNS SSE switching disabled Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h DEC compatibility mode OFF for this interface cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Next ESH/ISH in 49 seconds App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Routing IS-IS env ironProtocol: ment s Type: DesigCircuit ned for aspir ing level-1-2 CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Interface number 0x0, 0x100 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of prlocal act icalcircuit ex er cisesID t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealMetric: w or ldLevel-1 ap plicat ion of LAN10, and Priority: WAN t op ics.64, Circuit ID: 0001.6666.6666.00 ofStactive adjacencies: CCNPNumber Pr act ical ud ies: Trlevel-1 oublesh oot in g p r ovides y1ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Level-2 Metric: 10, Priority: 64, Circuit ID: 0001.6666.6666.00 Number of active level-2 adjacencies: 1 Next IS-IS Hello in 5 seconds

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I f for som e r eason y ou do n ot h ave n eig hbor s or ad jacencies, d on't assu m e it is an I S- I S issu e. You CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing m ade lot s of encapsulat ion chang es in t h is ch apt er , and I w ou ld ex pect t hat t o b e a m aj or t ar get h e By deDonna bug iL.siHar s arington dj - pa ck e t s com m and in Ex am ple 9- 61 can help you det er min e such issues. Pub lish er: Cisco Press 03 bug i si s adj -p acke t s ExaPub mDat ple:e April 9 - 60 4,1 20 . de I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r5#debug isis adj-packets IS-IS Adjacency related packets debugging is on Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r5# t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Jul ISIS-Adj: Sending L2 IIH on Loopback8 Wit h 20 t his07:10:34: b ook, you can: Jul 20 07:10:34: ISIS-Adj: Sending L1 IIH on Loopback8 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Jul 20 07:10:36: ISIS-Adj: Sending L1 IIH on Loopback8 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ysical and logical n et w or k Jul 20 07:10:37: ISIS-Adj: Sending L2 ph IIH on Loopback8 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t arEncapsulation get s using pin g, failed t r ace, shon ow ,serial clear , debu an d ot her Jul 20 07:10:38: ISIS-Adj: IIH g,(Serial1) t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ... Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st all ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g r5#undebug Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Ch ange t hezeencapsulat s1 an d pr r 6s0 t o HD in et Exnet amwple 9- 62. I f ying ou dissues id n ot wex perience t Analy local and ion r emof ot r5 e access oblem s inLC Et as hern or ks, in clud it h " encapsulat ion failed" m essag e in Ex am ple 961, y ou cer t ainly can for ce t hat t o h appen her cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay linek,bet w e conf igaut ur at of iat r 5 ion, and addr r 6. Disp lay, tencapsulat he r out in gion, t ables b oteh r5 and r 6 t o v er if y r each abilit y in for m o ion negot essing andonmor all sub net s in Ex am ple 9- 63. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa m pl e 9 - 6 2 . HD LC En cap su la t ion Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trs1 oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5(config)#interface w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r5(config-if)#shut CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5(config-if)#encap hdlc r5(config-if)#no shut

r6(config)#interface s0 •

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r6(config-if)#shut

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r6(config-if)#encap hdlc By Donna L. Har rington

r6(config-if)#no shut Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 9 - 6 3 . Rou t i ng Tab le s

r5#show route Hand s- on ip pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Wit h t his b ook, you can: D 1.1.1.1 [90/41152000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:01:33, Serial0

D

D

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h realw or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 2.2.2.2 [90/41152000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:01:33, Serial0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 3.3.3.3 [90/40640000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:01:33, Serial0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

D

4.4.4.4 via- isolat 192.168.9.13, Use in st r u ct or -[90/41152000] d ev elop ed p rob lem ion m et hods 00:01:33, t o r esolv e TrSerial0 ouble Tick et s isotvariably subnetted, 10 subnets, 2 masks "192.168.9.0/24 Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp n et w or k issu es

D D

192.168.9.1/32 [90/41024000] via Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in192.168.9.13, Et hern et net w or00:01:33, ks, in clud ingSerial0 issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, [90/41024000] via 00:01:33, Serial0 aut o 192.168.9.0/30 negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,192.168.9.13, and mor e

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t00:01:34, ing and switSerial0 chin g 192.168.9.4/30 [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.13, env iron ment s D 192.168.9.6/32 [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:01:34, Serial0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) via t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP D 192.168.9.8/30 [90/41024000] 192.168.9.13, 00:01:34, Serial0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ivesvia y ou 192.168.9.13, an edg e ov er t he00:01:35, com pet it ionSerial0 t hr ough r ealD 192.168.9.10/32 [90/41024000] w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. C 192.168.9.13/32 is directly connected, Serial0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g D

C

192.168.9.12/30 is directly connected, Serial0

C

192.168.9.16/30 is directly connected, Serial1

C

192.168.9.20/30 is directly connected, BRI0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

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C

5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback8

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

By Donna L. Har rington

i L1

6.6.6.6 [115/20] via 192.168.9.17, Serial1

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r6#show ip route Pages: 84 0

192.168.9.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets C

192.168.9.16 is directly connected, Serial0

Hand s- on 192.168.9.20 pr act ice for t heis CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble C directly connected, BRI0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Wit h t his b ook, you can: i L1

5.5.5.5 [115/20] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

C

6.6.6.6 is directly Est ablish a baseline and docuconnected, ment y our phLoopback9 ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

I nst ead Diagn of rose edist and r ib ut t r ing oublesh bet woot eenact I Su IalS pr anoblem d EI GRP s byon f ollow r 5, hav ing ealong r 5 adwver it ht ise autah ordefpault r ovided r out e via I S- I S Ex amCat ple aly 9- 64. st ( r )Ver OSifyand conn Cisco ect ivI itOS( y via r ) Sof t het w loopb ar e com ack s.m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m pl e 9 - 6 4 . Adve r t i si ng a De f au lt Rou t e " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r5#configure aut o negotterminal iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5(config)#router App ly a lay er ed tisis rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5(config-router)#default-information originate Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r5(config-router)#end Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r6#show ipical route CCNP Pr act St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Gateway of last resort is 192.168.9.18 to network 0.0.0.0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t192.168.9.0/30 ant con cep t s cen t ral o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g is tsubnetted, 2 subnets

C

192.168.9.16 is directly connected, Serial0

C

192.168.9.20 is directly connected, BRI0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

i L1 • •

5.5.5.5 [115/20] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 Table of Content s I ndex is subnetted, 1 subnets 6.0.0.0/32

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. 6.6.6.6 C Har rington is directly connected, Loopback9

i*L2 [115/10] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 Pub 0.0.0.0/0 lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 r6#ping 1.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. !!!!! Wit h t his brate ook, is you 100 can:percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 88/88/92 ms Success = 4/4/4 ms Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r6#copy running-config startup-config Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r5#copy running-config startup-config I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided I n youCat r ear g, y ou sh ould e not iced t h atmrand 6 didinp not a r, ou t e loggin t o g et gt o t he r emot e ne alylier st ( r t)est OSinand Cisco I OS(hav r ) Sof t w ar e com ut ,hav ou teput and Wit h t he de fa ul t - i nfor m at i on or ig ina t e com m and, I S- I S sent a default r out e t o t he ot h er s r egar d w het her e elop ex isted edpin ing ion t abm le.et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Useaindefau st r u ctltorr -out d ev robt he lemr -out isolat Rem ove t he S- IwSirde - i nfor on or " Snif f" tIhe e tfa o ul sptot n et wmoratk i issu esig ina t e an d any ot h er st at ic/ def ault r out es in r 5 and r6 . Con figu re on e- way redist r ibut ion f rom EI GRP in t o I S- I S on r 5 as in Ex am ple 9- 65. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, autpl o enegot addrstessing ion, iand Exa m 9 - 6iat 5 ion, . Redi r ibu,t encapsulat i ng EI GRP nt omor I S-e I S App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s r5(config-router)#redistribute metric Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E(eigrp r) pr of109 essionals, t his? ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ISIS default Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full metric of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5(config-router)#redistribute 109 metric 50 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t opeigrp ics. r5(config-router)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area • •

of Content N1 -Table OSPF NSSA sexternal type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti E1cal-St OSPF udi es: Tr external ouble shoot type ing

1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

By Donna L. Har rington

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default Pub lish er: Cisco Press

U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 720 -0resort 57 -0 Gateway of1- 58 last is not set Pages: 84 0

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets D

1.1.1.1 [90/41152000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:07:53, Serial0

is tsubnetted, 1 subnets Hand s-2.0.0.0/32 on pr act ice for he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. D 2.2.2.2 [90/41152000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:07:54, Serial0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets D

D

Set u3.3.3.3 p an d f ollow along w it h realld lab scenar ios00:07:54, aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or [90/40640000] viaw or 192.168.9.13, Serial0 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 4.4.4.4 [90/41152000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:07:54, Serial0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t 192.168.9.0/24 r oub leshoot ing t ools d u t ilit iessubnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks is an variably

D

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 192.168.9.1/32 [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:07:54, Serial0 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

D

192.168.9.0/30 [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:07:54, Serial0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

D

" Snif192.168.9.4/30 f" t he w ir e t o sp ot[90/41024000] n et w or k issu es via 192.168.9.13, 00:07:54, Serial0

D

192.168.9.6/32 [90/41024000] via Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in192.168.9.13, Et hern et net w or00:07:54, ks, in clud ingSerial0 issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, [90/41024000] via 00:07:54, Serial0 aut o 192.168.9.8/30 negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,192.168.9.13, and mor e

D

192.168.9.10/32 [90/41024000] via 192.168.9.13, 00:07:55, Serial0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s C 192.168.9.12/30 is directly connected, Serial0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T)connected, t op ics t hat pSerial1 r ep are y ou for t he CCNP C 192.168.9.16/30 is directly Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edgBRI0 e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealC 192.168.9.20/30 is directly connected, w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im con cep t s is cendirectly t ral t o t h e connected, t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g C por t ant 5.5.5.5 Loopback8 D

6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets i L1

6.6.6.6 [115/20] via 192.168.9.17, Serial1

r6#show ip route •

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1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

By Donna Har rington [115/60] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 i L2 L. 1.1.1.1 Pub 2.0.0.0/32 lish er: Cisco Pressis

subnetted, 1 subnets

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

i L2

2.2.2.2 [115/60] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

i L2

3.3.3.3 [115/60] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0

4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket on Cisco I n t ern etvia w or k192.168.9.18, Tr oub leshoot in gSerial0 ( CI T) t opics. i L2 s b ased 4.4.4.4 [115/60] Wit h t 192.168.9.0/24 his b ook, you can:is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks i L2

192.168.9.1/32 [115/60] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment i L2 192.168.9.0/30 [115/60] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 i L2

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 192.168.9.4/30 [115/60] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her i L2 t r oub192.168.9.6/32 [115/60] leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit iesvia 192.168.9.18, Serial0 i L2 Diagn 192.168.9.8/30 192.168.9.18, ose and t r oublesh[115/60] oot act u alvia pr oblem s by f ollow ingSerial0 along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g i L2 192.168.9.10/32 [115/60] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s S 192.168.9.12/30 [1/0] via 192.168.9.22 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es C 192.168.9.16/30 is directly connected, Serial0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex u t ilizat ion and collisions,BRI0 b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, C 192.168.9.20/30 is, directly connected, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ment s [115/20] via 192.168.9.18, Serial0 i L1 env iron 5.5.5.5 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback9 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

The issues w it h t his Tr ouble Tick et w ere n ot so mu ch I S- I S issues but m ism at ched en cap sulat ion iss and low er- lev el WAN int er face t ar get s. How ever , t he de bug i si s a dj - pa ck e t s com m and qu ick ly ide encapsulat ion issues. Lik e OSPF, in I S- I S if you don 't hav e neighb or s t hat in t ur n m eans n o r out es e Hence looking f or neighb or s is a g ood p lace t o st ar t y our I S- I S t rou blesh oot ing. Use t he follow in g com man ds t o assist w it h shoot ing ot h er I S- I S t rou bles:

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

show i prington r out e By Donna L. Har cle ar i si s * Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat- e: April 0 4, cy 20 03 log a dj a cen - cha ng es I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

show cln Pages: 84 0 s ne igh bors [ de t a il ] t o v erif y t he st at u s of adj acencies show cln s in t er fa ce t o v er if y t he conf igur at ion of t he in t er f ace show i si s da t a ba se t o list t h e packet s in t he lin k- st at e dat abase Hand sshow on priact si sice t opol for ogy t he CCNP t o list Tr t houbleshoot e sy st em I ing Ds of exam k nowwnit hI STCP/ I S rou I P, tLAN, ers an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. show i si s spf- log t o display shor t est p at h f ir st event s Wit h t his b ook, you can: de bug i si s a dj - pa ck e t s de bug Set u p an i sids fup ollow da talong e- pa ck w eitths real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment de bug i si s spf- ev e nt s Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Com m on I S- I S issues includ e misconf ig ur at ion, m ism at ch ed Lev el 1/ Lev el 2 int er faces, ar ea m isconf I dent igurifat y ion, t r oublesh and dup oot licat ing tearsy get st sem using I D s.pin Alw g,ay t rsace, check sh ow you, rclear neigh , debu bor sg, and an d y our ot her logs. I f y ou hav t ur n ed t r oub on log leshoot - a djing a cen t ools cy - cha an d ng u t ilit es ies r em em b er t o do a show l oggi ng t o see t he r esu lt s. You m ay n incr ease y our log ging bu ffer as well. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Now tCat h ataly I S-stI(Sr )isOS w or and k ing Cisco and Iyou OS( rh)ave Sofftull w arconn e com ectmivand it y vinp ia tut he, ou sert put ial lin , and k bet loggin w eeng r 5 and r 6, m odi I SDN conf igur at ion t o u se CHAP au t hent icat ion as in Ex am ple 9- 66. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Exa m pl e 9 - 6 6 . Con f igu r in g CHAP Aut he nt i ca t i on Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e r5(config)#interface bri0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r5(config-if)#encap ppp env iron ment s r5(config-if)#ppp Desig ned for aspir ing authentication CCNP and CCI E( r)chap pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP r5(config-if)#username donna Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full r6 of prpass act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr5(config)#end w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6(config)#interface bri0 r6(config-if)#encap ppp r6(config-if)#ppp authentication chap r6(config-if)#username r5 pass donna •

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r6(config)#end

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r5#copy running-config startup-config By Donna L. Har rington

r6#copy running-config startup-config Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Ping t o ver ify t h at y our n ew configu r at ion is op er at ional. Sh ut dow n or r em ov e t he ser ial cable bet w and r 6 t o m ak e sur e t hat t he I SDN connect ion is u sed. Alt er nat iv ely, con figu re t he I SDN conn ect ion aut om at ic b ack up t o t he ser ial lin k. I f y ou w ant t o look at t he CHAP challenge ag ain, issu e t he de bu a ut he nt i ca t i on com m and. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Trouble Ticket 6 Solution

Wit h t his b ook, you can: Thu s far you hav e w or k ed w it h t he I SDN D chan nel for call set up an d sign alin g an d t he one B chann dat a t r aff ic. Ex am ple 9- 67 illust r at es how t o au t omat ically br ing up t h e second B chan nel if t he load Set u pman d ftollow along w it h. To realw or ld ef lab scenar ios aligned t o each t op ic,at wf ive it h or fir st on e is ore han 10 per cent see t he fect , r ep eat t he ex ercise w it hext am he load p er cent w it hout t h e act ual equip ment exp er ience pr oblem s. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl eif y9t-r 6oublesh 7 . Con igut ar r in gstusing he dipin alg, ert rloa hr, eclear sh old I dent ootfing get ace,d-t sh ow , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r5#clear Cat alydialer st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use incounters st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s r5#clear " Snif f" t he terminal w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es r5#configure Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r5(config)#interface bri0 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat and mor e r5(config-if)#dialer load-threshold 25 ion, either App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r5(config-if)#end env iron ment s r5#copy Desig ned running-config for aspir ing CCNP startup-config and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealr6#clear dialer w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. r6#clear CCNP Pr actcounters ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r6(config)#interface bri0 r6(config-if)#dialer load-threshold 25 either r6(config-if)#end r6#copy running-config startup-config •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. tHar rington Now t h at h ings ar e

conf igur ed, t est it as in Ex am ple 9- 68.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press 03 i ngi ng Up t h e Se cond B Ch an ne l ExaPub mDat ple:e April 9 - 60 4,8 20 . Br I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r5#ping Protocol [ip]: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Target IP address: 6.6.6.6 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Repeat 100 Wit h t hiscount b ook, [5]: you can: Datagram size [100]: 1500 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Timeout in seconds w it hout t h e act ual[2]: equip ment Est ablish a baseline Extended commands [n]:and y docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Source address or interface: t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Type of service [0]: Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Catbit aly stin ( r ) OS Cisco [no]: I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Set DF IP and header? Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Validate reply data? [no]: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Data pattern [0xABCD]: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]: cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, bverbose andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[V]: App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Sweepenv range of ssizes [n]: y iron ment Sweep minforsize Desig ned aspir [36]: ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Sweep max size [18024]: Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSweep interval [1]: w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical sequence St ud ies: Trto oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Type escape abort. im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Sending 1798900, [36..18024]-byte ICMP Echos to 6.6.6.6, timeout is 2 seconds: Request 0 timed out (size 36) Reply to request 1 (20 ms) (size 37) ... •

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Reply to request 26 (28 ms) (size 62) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Dec 24 05:49:46: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, By Donna L. Har rington

changed state to up Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Reply toe: request 27 (32 ms) (size 63) Pub Dat April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

...

Pages: 84 0

Reply to request 127 (52 ms) (size 163) Reply to request 128 (52 ms) (size 164) Hand s- on05:49:51: pr act ice for%ISDN-6-CONNECT: t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ P, LAN, an d W ANtot r ouble Dec 24 Interface BRI0:1 is Inow connected t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 8358661 r6 Wit h t his b ook, you can: ... Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Reply to request 425 (124 ms) (size 461) w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dec 24 05:50:19: BR0 DDR: rotary 8358661 overloaded Est ablish a baseline and docu ment group y our phto ysical and logical n et w or k(27) Dec 24 05:50:19: BR0 Attempting tog,dial I dent if y t r oublesh ootDDR: ing t ar get s using pin t r ace,8358661 sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 24 05:50:20: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to up Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 24 %ISDN-6-CONNECT: is now Cat05:50:20: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof Interface t w ar e com mBRI0:1 and inp ut , ou t putconnected , and logginto g Use in st r ur6 ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 8358661 ... " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern Dec 24 05:50:20: BR0:2 DDR: dialer protocol up et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 05:50:21: o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulatLine ion, and mor e on Interface BRI0:2, Dec 24 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: protocol App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g changed state to up env iron ment s Reply to request 434 (128 ms) (size 470) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ... Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealReply to request 440 (128 ms) (size 476) w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Dec 05:50:21: BR0TrDDR: rotary to y8358661 (14), CCNP24 Pr act ical St ud ies: oublesh oot in ggroup p r ovides ou w it h p underloaded ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

starting load activity timer ... Dec 24 05:50:26: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:2 is now connected to 8358661 r6 •

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...

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

As yPub oulish can er: Cisco see in Press Ex am ple 9- 68, ex t en ded ping is a p ow er fu l t r aff ic gener at or f or get t ing t he t hr esh level t oDat bre:ing up0 4,t he second B chan nel. A pin g sw eep of 36 t o 15 00 by t es is a good init ial t est w hen Pub April 20 03 inst alling or1-t 58 r oubleshoot I SBN: 720 -0 57 -0 ing dev ices. Ov er 150 0 by t es doesn 't buy you a w h ole lot , because t he MTU 15 00, Pages: but small sizes ar e good for lat en cy issues. Sen ding 15 00 by t es w it h a dat a pat t er n of all 1s o 84 0 is a good pr act ical t est , t oo. The Win dow s defau lt is 3 2 b yt es, bu t y ou can u se t he pi ng - l p ar amet e adj ust t his on t he PC. On t he ot her han d, t h e ver y lar ge pin g size bu ys me a lot in t h is t ick et . The p ar e ov er 1500 b yt es, so t h ey mu st be f r agm ent ed, an d I wan t t o hu rr y u p an d get a load on t h e lin e br ing up t h e need ed secon d B chann el. s- ed on tpr icep ut forint st heead CCNP oubleshoot exam Ver w it ify h TCP/ an dBWch AN t r ouble IHand st opp h eact out of wTrait ing for it ting o f inish. t h atI tP, h eLAN, second annel w as t r uly b r t icket up as sinb ased Ex amon pleCisco 9- 69.I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pl e 9 - 6 9 . Ve r if yi ng t h e Se con d B Ch a nn el Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r5#show dialer Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k dentdemand if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using Dial I on events debugging is onpin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies BRI0 - dialer type = ISDN Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS(Failures r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ouLast t put , and loggin g Dial Cat String Successes Last called status Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed 0p rob lem - isolat et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick 8358663 0 ion m never - et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 8358661 2 0

00:00:44

successful

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 0 incoming call(s) have been screened. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 0 incoming call(s) rejected for callback. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s BRI0:1 dialer type = ISDN Desig ned- for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Idle timer ing (55exam secs), idle (20t hsecs) Tr oubleshoot . FullFast of pr act icaltimer ex er cises at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealWait carrier (30 and secs), (15 secs) w or ld for ap plicat ion of LAN WANRe-enable t op ics. Dialer state isuddata layer CCNP Pr act ical St ies: Trlink oublesh oot in up g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Dial reason: ip (s=192.168.9.22, d=6.6.6.6) Time until disconnect 10 secs Connected to 8358661 (r6)

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BRI0:2 - dialer type = ISDN CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Idle timer (55 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) By Donna L. Har rington

Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Dialer state data link layer up Pub Dat e: April 0is 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Dial reason: Dialing on overload Pages: 84 0

Time until disconnect 51 secs Connected to 8358661 (r6) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r5#show interface bri0 1 2 Wit h t his b ook, you can: BRI0:1 is up, line protocol is up Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Hardware is BRI w it hout t h e act ual equip ment MTUEst1500 BW 64 DLY y20000 rely 255/255, 1/255 ablishbytes, a baseline andKbit, docu ment our ph usec, ysical and logical n et w orload k Encapsulation PPP, set, keepalive set (10, debu sec) g, an d ot her I dent if y t r oublesh ootloopback ing t ar get snot using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Time to interface disconnect: idle 00:00:02 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided LCPCat Open aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ctCDPCP or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Open: IPCP, " Snif f" t he 00:00:03, w ir e t o sp otoutput n et w or k00:00:03, issu es Last input output hang never Analy ze local and r em ot einterface" access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Last clearing of "show counters 00:02:19 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o queue: negot iat0/75/0 ion, addr(size/max/drops); essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Input Total output drops: 0 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Queueing strategy: weighted fair env iron ment s Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealReserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, packets/sec CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p0r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 447 packets input, 105642 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort • •

Table of Content s

447 packets output, 105642 bytes, 0 underruns I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets

By Donna L. Har rington

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out Pub lish er: Cisco Press

carrier Pub1Dat e: April 0 4, transitions 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

BRI0:2 is up, line protocol is up Pages: 84 0

Hardware is BRI MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 27/255 Hand s- on pr act ice for t heloopback CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam w it hset TCP/(10 I P, LAN, Encapsulation PPP, not set,ing keepalive sec) an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Time to interface disconnect: idle 00:00:41 Wit h t his b ook, you can: LCP Open Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Open: IPCP, CDPCP w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Last input a00:00:05, output 00:00:05, hang never Est ablish baseline and docu ment y our ph output ysical and logical n et w or k Dec 24 05:51:15: BR0:1 DDR: idle timeout I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Dec 24 05:51:15: BR0:1 DDR: disconnecting call Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Dec 24 %ISDN-6-CONNECT: is now Cat05:51:15: aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof Interface t w ar e com mBRI0:2 and inp ut , ou t putconnected , and logginto g 8358661 r6 Use05:51:15: in st r u ct or - d%ISDN-6-DISCONNECT: ev elop ed p rob lem - isolatInterface ion m et hods t o r esolvdisconnected e Tr ouble Tick etfrom s Dec 24 BRI0:1 8358661 r6 " Snif89 f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es lasted seconds Analyrunning-config ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h r5#copy startup-config cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Bot h B chan nels w er e in fact up but ar e disconnect ing due t o t he id le t im eou t . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Becau se t he load w en t u p t o abou t 2 7, t h e second B chan nel cam e up. 255 / 255 is 1 00- p er cen t load Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP any t hin g less t han 25 5, y ou can d iv ide t he nu m er at or b y t he d en om in at or t o get t h e load as a per ce Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, You set t he d ialer t h r eshold t o 2 5, w h ich is abou t . 10 t im es 255 or 2 5/ 2 55. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ldpar apeplicat of sav LANedand WAN t opur ics. Com y our ion final f ixed config at ions t o t he chapt er 9 end ing configs f ile. Up dat e y our docum ent at ion and f ix any t hing t hat is br ok en. You hav e com plet ed t h e ch apt er Tr ouble Tick et s w h CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e feel com for t able w it h t he t ask s assigned and t he v ar ious scen arios t hr ough out t he chap t er . Rev iew im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

exp er im en t in t he areas w her e y ou need m or e help. Under st anding an d t rou bleshoot in g in a lab is c t he basis for conf igur ing dev ices in t he r eal w or ld. Check y our und er st and in g wit h t h e chapt er r evie qu est ions.

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Review Questions Use t his chapt er an d y our pr act ical t rou blesh oot ing kn ow ledg e and skills t o answ er t he f ollow ing qu The an swer s ar e locat ed in App en dix A, " An sw er s t o Rev iew Qu est ions. " •

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: ra cti Why do t erTrf ouble ace r shoot eset sing occur ? CCNP1 P cal St udiin es: By Donna L. Har rington

2:

Tr ue or f alse: The I SDN sign alin g pr ot ocol is LAPB for t h e D ch annel.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

3:

The m od em con t rol lead s on show i nt e rf aces s0 ar e q uit e helpf ul f or t r oub leshoot in g. DC st at e. Wh at else on t h e int er face st at ist ics w ou ld y ou ex pect t o be in cr easin I SBN: 1- 58 57 -0 Look at720 Ex-0am ple 9- 13 if y ou need t o see a display of t he mod em con t r ol lead s.

Pub Dat April ch 0 4,anging 20 03 ke: eeps Pages: 84 0

4:

Your rou t er has a nat iv e I SDN BRI por t . I s t h is device a TE1 or TE2?

5:

What is t h e diff er ence bet w een Mu lt ilin k PPP an d d ial back up?

6 :s- onUse t heice f ir st LCCCNP scenar as a gu iding e. Can youw it spot t heI P, issue in an t hed follow g out pu t : Hand pr act forHD t he Trio oubleshoot exam h TCP/ LAN, W AN tinr ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r3# I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ingIP-EIGRP: t ools an d u Neighbor t ilit ies 03:03:49: 192.168.9.18 not on common subnet for Serial0/3 Diagn ose and t rIP-EIGRP: oublesh oot Neighbor act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing w it h autsubnet h or- p r ovided 03:04:03: 192.168.9.18 notalong on common for Serial0/3 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 03:04:18: IP-EIGRP: Neighbor 192.168.9.18 not on common subnet for Serial0/3 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 03:04:32: IP-EIGRP: Neighbor 192.168.9.18 not on common subnet for Serial0/3 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut r5#show o negot iatip ion,interface addr essing brief , encapsulat ion, and mor e OK?life Method AppInterface ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ingIP-Address met h odology t o r ealrou t ingStatus and swit chin g env iron ment s BRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on down Cisco( r) BRI0:1 I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot inunassigned g ( CI T) t op ics t hat YES p r epunset are y ou administratively for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, BRI0:2 YES unset administratively CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh ootunassigned in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough down r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Ethernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot of manual t he CCNP Loopback8 5.5.5.5 ing por t ion YES upcer t ificat ion, includ in g

Prot down down down down up

Serial0

192.168.9.18

YES manual up

up

Serial0.101

172.16.8.6

YES manual deleted

down

Serial1

unassigned

YES unset

administratively down down

r5# •

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I ndex 03:04:01: IP-EIGRP: Neighbor 192.168.9.13 not on common subnet for Serial0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L.03:04:15: Har rington Pub lish03:04:29: er: Cisco Press

IP-EIGRP: Neighbor 192.168.9.13 not on common subnet for Serial0 IP-EIGRP: Neighbor 192.168.9.13 not on common subnet for Serial0

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

7:

Thr oug hout t he ch apt er y ou ex per ienced mu lt iple carr ier t r ansit ions. What comm an d is v er helpf ul in helping y ou figur e ou t t h e issu es w it h t his pr oblem ?

8 : You hav e a h igh- speed Et her net t h at is sendin g p ack et s f ast er t h an t he I SDN lin k can k eep Hand s- onw it prh.act ice for Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble How cant he y ouCCNP imp rov e p er f orm ance? t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 9 : When ar e float ing st at ic r out es ap pr opr iat e? Wit h t his b ook, you can: 10 :

When using t he ba ck up int e rf a ce m et hod t o back up a cir cuit , d o y ou p lace t he ba ck up in t er fa ce com m and un der t he p rim ar y or secon dar y int er face? Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 1 1 : You ar e con t r olling t h e back up int erf ace using t he ba ck up de la y 1 0 6 0 com m and. What d nu mb era sbaseline 1 0 and 60 r espment ond tyo? Est ablish andcor docu our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 1 2 :I dent Your N ph one bill tisaraget lots m or e tpin hang,y tou ex pect ed, b ut y, ou hav intderot est in g t r af fic set if y It rSD oublesh oot ing using r ace, sh ow , clear debu g,e an her app rop riating elyt ools w it h an andaccess t r oub leshoot u t ilit ieslist . I t seem s t hat w hen you f in ish t r ansfer r in g you r files ov er I SDN link , t h e link doesn' t g o dow n . I t st ay s up un t il y ou m an ually br ing it d own . What did for ose g et ?and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagn Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 1 3 : I ncluding sy nchr onizat ion and fr am ing, w hat is t he t ot al band wid t h for I SDN BRI ? Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 1 4 : Can y ou use one 6 4 k bp s B chan nel t o hand le backu p f or m ult iple T1 s? " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Summary Tak e a d iv ide- and - conquer lay ered appr oach t o sup por t ing t he W AN. Det er m ine w h et h er t he t r oub le is wit h y ou or t he ser vice pr ov ider. Aft er v erif ying t h at int er f aces and cont r ollers ar e fu nct ioning pr oper ly, you can m ove on t o Lay er 3 and abov e. Ex t en ded ping and t r acer out e are •w ond er fu l t ools Table Content s w it h bot h connect ivit y an d p er f orm an ce issues. Ser v ice t im e st am ps t oofassist y ou •ar e inv aluable I ndex f or un derst an ding debug an d log out p ut . Clear ing int er face count er s an d st at ist ics CCNP P ra ctitcal es: ing t h e dat a- link act iv it y f or a cert ain t im e per iod. ar e im por antSt tudi o st arTrt ouble m on shoot it oring By Donna L. Har rington

This chap t er cov er ed HDLC, PPP, an d I SD N WAN t echn olog ies. PPP has sever al adv ant ages over HDLC b ut a lit t le m ore t r oublesh oot ing t o g o w it h it . Aut h en t icat ion is t h e k ey t arg et . I n Pub lish er: Cisco Press supp ort in g I SDN, show i sd n st a t us is by far t he m ost in for m at ive com m and. I f t here ar e e: April 0 4, 20 03 issuPub es, Dat h owev er, you m ay need t o analy ze t h e sw it ch t y pe, t he d ialer , q 921, q93 1, an d I SBN: 1- 58 issu 720 -0es. 57 -0Ref er t o Figur e 9- 1 3 f or a pict orial rev iew of t rou blesh oot ing t he WAN. aut h en t icat ion Pages: 84 0

Figu r e 9 - 1 3 . W AN Tr ou ble shoot i ng Re vi ew Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s This t heing indCCNP ividu aland t opCCI ic t rou ing ch apt er s. nex t chap t erg uide is m ean t ason a Desigcom nedplet for es aspir E( r)blesh pr ofoot essionals, t his indThe isp en sab le lab b uilds com pr eh en siv e r ev iew . I t is f ull of t r oub les f or y ou t o dissect . Lever age of f of you r skills, Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP m hods, ex periences, youical hav h rou h is book t o comp let on e t he dsTr et oubleshoot ing exam . and Full w ofhat pr act exeerlearn cisesedt htat g etghou y out rteady f or challenges t hehan j ob, on Tr ouble Ticket s in Ch apt er 10 , " Tr oub le Tick et s: The Sum of All Fears. " CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Part V: Comprehensive Troubleshooting Exercises • •

Table of Content s Ch apt er 10 Tr ou ble Tick et s: Th e Sum of All Fears I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 10. Trouble Tickets: The Sum of All Fears •This f inal chap Table s a p ract ical com pr eh en siv e t r oub leshoot ing r eview . Par t I of t his t er of offContent er s y ou •book cov ers Ipr ndex ot ocol ch ar act er ist ics, m et hodology , an d t ools. Par t I I f ocuses on sup por t ing t he CCNP es: Tras ouble shoot I P anPdraI cti PXcalprStotudi ocols w ell as ing som e ot h er int erest ing t opics such as upg r ades and passw ord rByecov ery . Th e focus of Par t I I I is Et her net , sw it ch ing, an d VLANs. Par t I V is about su ppor t ing t h e Donna L. Har rington WAN. I t ake a slig ht ly dif fer en t ap pr oach in t his chap t er . I n t h is par t , I p resen t y ou w it h a new ph ysical scenar io an d sev er al Tr oub le Tick et s. You fir st need t o discover t h e t opolog y and get a Pub lish er: Cisco Press good baseline. Then you w or k t hr oug h t he Tr oub le Tick et s on you r ow n one- by - one t o spot and Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 fix an y issu es. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

This chap Pages: t er84cov 0 er s t he f ollowin g t opics: Scen ario: Shoot ing Tr oub le Review Tr ouble Tick et 1 Discov ery Lab Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket Tr s bouble ased Tick on Cisco I n t ern et orion k TrLab oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. et 2 Docum enwt at Wit h tTr his b ook, you can: ouble Tick et 3 OSPF Lab Tr ouble Tick et 4 RI P/ OSPF/ EI GRP Redist r ib ut ion Lab Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w itouble hout tTick h e act equip ment / I SD N Backu p Lab Tr et 5ual Fr am e Relay Est ablishTick a baseline and phLab ysical and logical n et w or k Tr ouble et 6 VLAN andocu d Sp ment annin yg our Tr ee I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Supporting Cat aly st ( r ) OS Website and Cisco Files I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and

st r files u ct orand - d evlink elops ed lemt-hisolat ion mtet t o ron esolv Tr ouble Tick et s You Use can finind to p u rob t ilit ies at sup por t hhods is book t hee Cisco Press w ebsit e at w w w .ciscop r ess.com / 15 872 005 70. Even if you do not hav e a lab , y ou can " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es t ak e adv ant ag e of t he sup por t ing config ur at ion f iles in clu ding t he log s t o u nder st and dev ice in put and out p ut . Th ar epr list ed t hr henet ch apt it alics. Analy ze local and r em otee files access oblem s oug in Ethout herntet w orers ks, in in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, I n ord er t o be able t o read and w or k w it h som e of t he su ppor t ing f iles of fer ed at aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e w w w .ciscop r ess.com / 15 872 005 70, y ou m ay w ant t o dow n load som e of t he pr ogr ams list edApp in lyTable - 1ed in ttrou h e blesh I n t r oduct ion.met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g a layI er oot ing env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Scenario: Shooting Trouble Review I n addit ion t o t he t er min al ser v er , six r out er s, t hr ee swit ches, and t h ree PCs you h ave b een w or king w it h t hr oug hout t he book , y ou n eed anot h er rou t er w it h a m in imu m of t w o ser ial int er faces t o com plet e t he Trou ble Ticket s in t his chap t er. I t doesn' t need t o d o m uch mor e t h an •act as a FramTable of Content s f or t w o ot her r out er s. I also hav e a Micr osoft box , a Novell box , an d e Relay sw it ch •an 804 r out erI ndex on t h e backb one. The 804 is pr im ar ily u sed as a ping t ar get an d could be used as CCNP P raser cti cal udia es: Tr ouble shoot a TFTP verStor r out e g en er ating or . How ev er , it is not requ ired because you can cer t ainly u se y our Micr t box f or t his p ur pose. The Nov ell ser ver is op t ional as w ell. By Donna L. osof Har rington As alw ay s, t here is not just one r ight or w r ong w ay t o accom plish t he t ask s pr esent ed. The Pub lish er: Cisco Press abilit y t o obt ain t he end r esu lt using good p ract ices is ex t r emely im por t ant in an y r eal- w or ld Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 net w or k. At a m in imu m y ou shou ld " sp ot t h e issues" t h at ar e p rin t ed in t he Tr oub le Tick et I SBN: 1- 58 720 57 -0 ing each Tr oub le Tick et . Think met hod ically . Put y our t ools t o pr act ice. solut ions sect ion s -0 follow Pages: 84 0 Use t he k now led ge g ain ed f rom t he p rev ious chap t er s, y our ow n t r oub leshoot ing ex periences, and a st ep- by - st ep app roach t o q uickly g et a g rip on t he t rou bles befor e t h ey g et a gr ip on y ou. Com par e y our wor k ag ainst t h e su ppor t ing f iles. The files r eq uired f or t h is ch apt er include t he follow ing : Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t t 1 layer 2 configur at ion t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. t t 1 layer 3 configur at ion Wit h t his b ook, you can: t t 1 layer 3 t est ing Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t t 1 f inal conf igs w it hout t h e act ual equip ment t t 2 t est in g Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k t t 2 syslog I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her tt tr 2oub leshoot ing igs t ools iesv er copy in g conf t o an t hed tufttpilitser Diagn oseled and t r figs oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided t t 3 t r oub con Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g t t 3 t est in g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s t t 3 f ix ed conf igs " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es t t 4 t r oub led con figs Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h eed tcabling, t 4 f ix ed sp conf igsand du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e t t 4 copy in g conf igs t o t he t ft p ser v er App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env ment s figs t t 5 tiron r oub led con Desigtned t 5 f ixfor edaspir conf ing igs CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot t t 6 t r oubing ledexam con figs . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal6 new ost soffile w or ldt tap plicathion LAN and WAN t op ics. 6 act f ix ed igs CCNPt tPr icalconf St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE

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I f you p ast e in m y f iles inst ead of con figu rin g ev er y t hing y our self , r em em ber t o mod if y m y supp ort in g t rou bled f iles f or y our lab env ir on ment . For ex am ple, t he fir st ser ial int er face on m y duck r out er is s0 , w hereas y our s m ay b e s0 / 0. My back bone is connect ed v iaofe0; y our Table Content s s m ay be f a0/ 0 . I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 1 Discovery Lab I deally , y ou should use Figur e 10 - 1 as a ph ysical st ar t ing point , discov er t he n et wor k on y our ow n , up dat e y our d r awin g accor dingly . To mak e t h is a t r ue discov ery lab , y ou shou ld h ave som eone else cabling and load t he p reconfig ur ed f iles f or y ou. Th ey ar e in t he file called t t 1 layer 2 configur at ion . •Alt ern at ively ,Table of Content er ase all t h e sconfig ur at ions y our self , pow er t he devices dow n, and w ir e t h e new scen a •in Figur e 10 - 2. I ndex Th en y ou can past e in t he con figu rat ion s fr om t he file p rov ided ( or conf ig ur e, if you p CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Figu r e 1 0 -1 . Cha pt e r 1 0 D iscov er y

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OSFigu and Cisco Sof t wear e com m and inp ut , er ouyt put , andfi loggin r e 1 0I OS( -2 .r )Low r -La y er Discov / Con gu r atgi on Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es [ View full size im age] Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Hav e wt he p er son ing equip u p t h ment e lab use Figur e 10 - 2 as a gu ide t o build and config ur e Lay er 1 and La it hout t h e set acttual I f you ar e discover ing ev er yt h ing for y our self , I ex pect y ou t o dr aw a diag ram sim ilar t o Figur e 10 - 2 a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k t han jEst ustablish look at m ine. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn NO TEose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Giv e y our self t he b en ef it of b reak ing and fix ing t hing s. Do n ot j ust past e in m y t r oub led files, a stnr uar ctound or - d evand elopped lem isolat ion mI nst et hods r esolv Tr ouble Tickt et s eak t hin gs. Us tUse hen in t ur astpe rob in m y -fix ed f iles. ead, tuose my ter oub led files o br t he met h odology , t ools, and r esou rces cover ed t h rou ghou t t h e book an d in y our p ract ical " Snif t he wtiro e" spot t o sptot et w or k and issu es exp erf" iences henissues" t h en f ix t hem. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat e er lay ers, u se Figur e 10 - 3 t o conf ig ur e Aft er aut y ouo hav e discover ed ( or con figu red) and ion, t est and ed t hmor e low add ressin g, h ost s files, an d rou t ing pr ot ocols. Alt er nat iv ely , p ast e t he conf igur at ions in f rom t he t t 1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g conf igur at ion f ile. I n t h is Trou ble Ticket , conf igur e an yt h ing t hat is m issing on you r dev ices t o en su r env iron ment s t o- end connect ivit y as in Figur e 10 - 2. D on't for g et t o conf igur e y our host s. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, e 1 0 -3oot . Upp er - La D iscove y /com Conf on r ealCCNP Pr act ical St udFigu ies: Trroublesh in g g ives y ouye anr edg e ov er trhe petiitgur ion tahrt iough w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [ View y full CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides ousize w itim h age] p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Test and f ix any m inor issues and m ove direct ly int o t he d ocu ment at ion lab . Com par e y our f inal conf igEst ur at ions tao baseline t he ou t pu t indocu t he ment " Tr ouble 10 - 1and D iscov er y nLab ablish and y ourTick phet ysical logical et wSolu or k t ion " sect ion an d t he t t 1 t est ing an d t t 1 f inal conf igs f iles. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided

NO TEst ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly Mor h ct anort-he otelop h er ed ch apt ers, m ust iew tehe igur es, ex et am Useeinso st rt u d ev p rob lemy -ou isolat iont hor m etough hodslyt orev r esolv Trfouble Tick s ples, and conf ig ur at ion files pr ovided t o gain pr act ical ex perience f rom t his chap t er . Even if you don 't ha Snif t he ent w ir eh tandy o sp ot w or kw issu t"he eqf"uipm , yn ouet can alk tes h rou gh t he ch apt er and supp ort in g docum en t at ion as if yo did. I f y ou t hin k you ar e ju st at t h at com for t able lev el, d o t h e labs any w ay ! You m ay st ill lear n Analy and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h som et ze h inlocal g. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e edat rou ing met h odology rou t ing andr swit chin g s an d t ables t o Mak e App sur ely yaoulay h er ave w orblesh kin g oot conf igur at ion and t akt oe rt ealim e life t o updat e you docum ent env iron ment s w it h t r oublesh oot ing lat er . No access list s or filt er s ar e in p lace at t he pr esent t ime, an d all passw or ar e config ur ed shou ld be br oadcr eek . Simp le ping and t r ace t est s via you r host s t ab les are suf ficien Desig point .ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealTrouble Ticket Discovery Lab w or ld ap plicat ion of 1 LAN and WAN t op ics. Solution CCNP act um ical ySt udsh ies: Tr oublesh oot iner g ed p r ovides y ou w itlik h ep ract inf or emat ond all At a mPr inim ou ould hav e discov t h e t opology t hatical in Figur 10ion - 2 an 10t-h3.e I n a p rac im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in gt rack of env iron ment , you shou ld u se a pr ogr am t hat au t om at ically d iscover s t h e devices and k eeps

chang es for y ou, t oo. I am t hink ing of net w ork man agem en t pr og ram s such as CiscoWork s, HP Ope Cisco I nf o Cent er ( CI C) , Visio 20 00, and so on. The d ev ice nam es ar e not ju st r 1, r 2, r3 , and so on . I nst ead , I w ant ed t o rem ind y ou t o t ak e t he na dev ices a lit t le mor e seriou sly in a p ract ical env iron m en t . Hav in g a plan for nam ing and add ressin g im por t ant and m akes it easier for you t o sp ot t h ings t hat ar e ou t of t h e or dinar y . Aft er w or k in g t hr o solut ion, u se Trou ble Ticket 2 as a r em ind er t hat you n eed t o d ocu ment y our n ew t opology . •

Table of Content s Rem em b er t hat t he t r oub leshoot ing t ar get s at t h e lower lay ers ar e in t er f aces an d cont r ollers. I assu •t hat in you r baselin I ndex e you v erif ied and docu ment ed it ems su ch as m odel n um ber , ser ial n um ber, RAM CCNP P raycti Tr ouble shoot ing m em or , Ical OSStvudi er es: sion, con figu rat ion r egist er set t ing s, band w id t h/ speed, clocking , encapsulat ion, d u descr By Donna ipt L. ionHar s, rington addr esses, passwor d s, sp anning - t r ee por t fast , VLANs, and t he lik e. Ot her t h in gs t h at a v aluable t o docum ent in pr act ical app licat ion inclu de t h e det ailed locat ion of equ ipm en t d ow n t o t he closet r ack andPress posit ion. Pub,lish er: ,Cisco Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

The sh aded ou t put in Ex am ples 10- 1 t hr ough 10 - 3 ar e t he t y pes of t hin gs y ou sh ould hav e discov er I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 r ecor ded on you r dr aw ing or t able f or t h e Lay er 2 b aseline. To su ppor t Cisco you need t o ad just t he Pages: 84 0 com man ds slight ly accor ding t o t he Cat OS or I OS com m and set s. Ex am ple 10 - 1 illust r at es t he t yp e t hin gs t o look for on y our r ou t er s. Mu ch of m y out put has b een om it t ed f rom t he p rint ed t ex t bu t is included in t he sam ple files. How ev er, you should include ev ery t h in g in y our b aseline. For t he I SD N Fram e Relay d ev ices, r efer back t o t hose chap t er s f or inf orm at ion abou t com m ands such as show f m ap , show f ra m e lm i, show isdn st at u s, an d so on. I concent r at e m or e on t hem in Tr ouble Tick Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

Exa m pl e 1 0 -1 . Bu il din g a Lay er 2 Base lin e f or t h e Rou t e r s Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or duck>show version w it hout t h e act ual equip ment CiscoEstInternetwork Operating System Software ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k IOS (tm) Software (C2500-JS-L), Version SOFTWARE I dent if2500 y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace,12.0(21a), sh ow , clear ,RELEASE debu g, an d ot her (fc1) t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Copyright 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Compiled 02:08 nmasa Cat alySat st ( r )02-Feb-02 OS and Cisco I OS(by r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g in st r u ct or - d0x030520E0, ev elop ed p robdata-base: lem - isolat ion0x00001000 m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ImageUse text-base: Snif f" t heBootstrap, w ir e t o sp otVersion n et w or k 5.2(8a), issu es ROM: "System RELEASE SOFTWARE Analy ze 3000 local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et Version net w or ks,10.2(8a), in clud ing issues w it hSOFTWARE BOOTFLASH: Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), RELEASE cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, o negot addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e duck aut uptime isiat7ion, hours, 34 minutes App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g System restarted by power-on env iron ment s System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin" Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision L) with 14336K/2048K bytes of memory. Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealProcessor board ID 03074719, with hardware revision 00000000 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Bridging CCNP Pr actsoftware. ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. SuperLAT software (copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp). TN3270 Emulation software. 2 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

2 Serial network interface(s) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. By Donna L. Har rington

16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Configuration register is 0x2102 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

duck>show flash System flash directory: Hand pr act iceName/status for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble File s- on Length t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 1 10253564 c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin Wit h t his b ook, you can: [10253628 bytes used, 6523588 available, 16777216 total] Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k duck>show I dent if yinterfaces t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Hardware Lance, address 0000.0c8d.6705 Cat aly stis ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS(is r ) Sof t w ar e com m and(bia inp ut0000.0c8d.6705) , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct orduck - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolatbackbone ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Description: to chesapeakebay f" t he w ir e tBW o sp10000 ot n et wKbit, or k issu es 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 MTU" Snif 1500 bytes, DLY Analy ze local and r emloopback ot e accessnot pr oblem Et hern et net ks, sec) in clud ing issues w it h Encapsulation ARPA, set,s in keepalive setw or (10 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, o negot iat ion,ARP addrTimeout essing , encapsulat ARPaut type: ARPA, 04:00:00 ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Last input 00:00:13, output 00:00:03, output hang never env iron ment s Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Queueing strategy: fifo Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealOutput queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, packets/sec CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p0r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 1060 packets input, 119692 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 1060 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort •

Table of Content s

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

2098 packets output, 194947 bytes, 0 underruns

By Donna L. Har rington

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 15 interface resets Pub lish er: Cisco Press

babbles, 003late Pub0Dat e: April 0 4, 20

collision, 0 deferred

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

Pages: 84 0

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out Ethernet1 is administratively down, line protocol is down Hand s- on pr act for t headdress CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w(bia it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hardware isice Lance, is 0000.0c8d.6706 0000.0c8d.6706) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 252/255, load 1/255 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ... Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Serial0 line oot protocol up pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I dentis if y up, t r oublesh ing t ar getis s using t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Hardware is HD64570 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Description: duck goose Cat aly st ( r ) OS and to Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g in st rbytes, u ct or - d ev ed pKbit, rob lemDLY - isolat ion musec, et hods rely t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick1/255 et s MTUUse 1500 BWelop 1544 20000 255/255, load " Snif f" t he w ir HDLC, e t o sp ot n et w or k not issu es Encapsulation loopback set, keepalive set (10 sec) Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hernhang et netnever w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Last input 00:00:05, output 00:00:05, output cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut clearing o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and never mor e Last of "show interface" counters ...

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Hardware is HD64570 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDescription: duck to swan w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. MTU Pr1500 bytes, BWTr1544 Kbit, 20000 yusec, load 1/255 CCNP act ical St ud ies: oublesh oot in DLY g p r ovides ou w it hrely p ract255/255, ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:02, output 00:00:09, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never ... •

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!!!check your interfaces if they do not match the output CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

!!!problems mean physical or data link issues at this point By Donna L. Har rington

!!!fix any controller or interface issues on all devices before you continue Pub lish er: Cisco Press

duck>enable Pub Dat e: April 0 4,

20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Password:

Pages: 84 0

duck#clear counters Clear "show interface" counters on all interfaces [confirm] Hand s- on prip act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble duck#show interface brief t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Wit h t his b ook, you can: Ethernet0

unassigned

YES unset

up

up

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Ethernet1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Serial0 unassigned unset up Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our phYES ysical and logical n et w or k

up

Serial1 unassigned YES unset I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh owup , clear , debu g, an d ot her up t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies duck#show cdp neighbor detail Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ------------------------Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g UseID: in st rswan u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Device f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Entry" Snif address(es): Analy zecisco local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Platform: 2520, Capabilities: Router cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing encapsulat ion, and mor e Interface: Serial1, Port ID , (outgoing port): Serial1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Holdtime : 173 sec env iron ment s Version : Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(9), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Copyright 1986-2000 cisco Inc. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trby oublesh ootSystems, in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Compiled Mon 24-Jan-00 22:30 by bettyl ------------------------Device ID: 005352782(chesapeakebay) Entry address(es): • •

Table of Content s

IP address: 10.10.10.45 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Platform: WS-C2900,

Capabilities: Trans-Bridge Switch

By Donna L. Har rington

Interface: Ethernet0,

Port ID (outgoing port): 2/12

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Holdtime 170 Pub Dat e: :April 0 4, sec 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Version :

Pages: 84 0

WS-C2900 Software, Version McpSW: 4.4(1) NmpSW: 4.4(1) Copyright

1995-1999 by Cisco Systems

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ------------------------t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Device ID: goose Wit h t his b ook, you can: Entry address(es): Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Platform: cisco 3640, Capabilities: Router w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Interface: ID ment (outgoing Serial0/0 Est ablishSerial0, a baseline Port and docu y our phport): ysical and logical n et w or k Holdtime sec oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I dent if:y 176 t r oublesh t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Version : Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided CiscoCat Internetwork aly st ( r ) OS andOperating Cisco I OS(System r ) Sof t w Software ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in3600 st r u ctSoftware or - d ev elop (C3640-JS-M), ed p rob lem - isolatVersion ion m et hods t o r esolvRELEASE e Tr oubleSOFTWARE Tick et s (fc1) IOS (tm) 12.0(13), " Snif f" t he w ir e t o spby ot ncisco et w or kSystems, issu es Copyright 1986-2000 Inc. Analy ze and r em ot e access oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Compiled Tuelocal 05-Sep-00 21:39 by pr linda cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g duck#show cdp neighbors env iron ment s Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. swan Ser 1 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r165 ovides y ou w it h R p ract ical inf2520 or mat ion onSer all t1h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

005352782(chesapeakeEth 0

163

T S

goose

171

R

Ser 0

WS-C2900

2/12

3640

Ser 0/0

I• f you r out p ut diff er s f r om t hat in Ex am ple 10 - 1, g o back an d ex am in e t he Ph ysical and Dat a Lin k L Table of Content s For exam ple, check lin k light s, cont rollers and clock , speed an d d uplex, en cap sulat ion m ism at ch es, • I ndex int er face issu es, cables, and so on . Ex am ple 10 - 2 illust r at es w hat t o look f or on y our Cat OS- based s CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing t o assist w it h buildin g y our Lay er 1 an d Lay er 2 b aseline. By Donna L. Har rington

Press ExaPubmlishpler:e Cisco 1 0 -2 . Bu il din g a Lay er 2 Base lin e f or t h e Ca t O S Sw i t ch es Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

chesapeakebay>show version WS-C2900 Software, Version McpSW: 4.4(1) NmpSW: 4.4(1) Copyright 1995-1999 by Cisco Systems Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. NMP S/W compiled on Jan 6 1999, 18:05:22 Wit h t his b ook, you can: MCP S/W compiled on Jan 06 1999, 17:50:33 System Version: 2.2(2) SetBootstrap u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Hardware Version: 2.3 Model: WS-C2900 Serial #: 005352782 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Mod Port Model Serial # Versions I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies --- -----------------------------------------------------------1

ose and t r oublesh oot act uHw al pr 2DiagnWS-X2900 005352782 : oblem 2.3 s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Fw : 2.2(2) Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Fw1: 2.2(1) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

2

Swpr:oblem 4.4(1) Analy ze local and r em ot e access s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 12 WS-X2901 008675483 Hw : 1.4 ion, and mor e aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat

: h3.1(1) App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ingFwmet odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Sw : 4.4(1) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on NVRAM Cisco( r) DRAM I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in gFLASH ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Module Total Used Free oot in Total Total Used CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh g g ives yUsed ou an edgFree e ov er t he com pet it ion Free t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ----- ----- ----CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im con cep t s cen t ral t o10508K t h e t r oubleshoot por t ion of 512K t he CCNP cer t ificat includ in g 1 por t ant20480K 9972K 4096K ing 3584K 256K 112Kion,144K

Uptime is 0 day, 7 hours, 37 minutes

chesapeakebay>show interface sl0: flags=51 •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex slip 0.0.0.0 dest 0.0.0.0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna sc0: flags=63 L. Har rington

vlan inet Pub lish er: Cisco 1 Press

10.10.10.45 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 chesapeakebay>show port

Port

Name

Status

Vlan

Level

Duplex Speed Type

----- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ------ ------ ----- -----------Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket 1/1 s b ased on Cisco I n t ern etnotconnect w or k Tr oub leshoot 1 in g ( CI T) normal t opics. half 100 100BaseTX Wit h t his b ook, you can: 1/2

notconnect 1

normal

half

100 100BaseTX

2/1

notconnect 1 normal auto auto 10/100BaseTX Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ... w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 2/10

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k connected 1 normal a-half a-10 10/100BaseTX

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 2/11 t to 1 normal a-half a-10 10/100BaseTX r oubheron leshoot ing t ools anconnected d u t ilit ies 2/12 Diagn to duck 1 normal a-half a-10 ose and t r oublesh connected oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or-10/100BaseTX p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ... Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s chesapeakebay>enable " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Enter password: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , port u t ilizatname ion and collisions, chesapeakebay> (enable)set 2/10 to hub b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Port 2/10 name set. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s(enable)show port capabilities chesapeakebay> Desig CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Modelned for aspir ing CCNP and WS-X2900 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of 1/1 pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Port CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Type 100BaseTX CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Speed 100 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Duplex

half,full

Trunk encap type

ISL

Trunk mode

on,off,desirable,auto,nonegotiate

Channel

no

•

Table of Content s

Broadcast suppression • I ndex

no

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Flow control

no

Security

yes

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, Membership

20 03

static,dynamic

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Fast Pages: start84 0

yes

Rewrite

no

... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble -------------------------------------------------------------t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Model Wit h t his b ook, you can:

WS-X2901

Port

2/10 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Type w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 10/100BaseTX SpeedEst ablish a baseline and docu auto,10,100 ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing thalf,full ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Duplex t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Trunk encap type ISL Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco on,off,desirable,auto,nonegotiate I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g TrunkCat mode Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed no p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Channel " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Broadcast suppression pps(0-150000) Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Flow control no cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Security yes App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Membership static,dynamic env iron ment s Fast start yes Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Rewrite Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of no pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal-------------------------------------------------------------w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. chesapeakebay> (enable)show CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh cdp oot in neighbor g p r ovides detail y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Device-ID: 804 Device Addresses: IP Address: 10.10.10.40 Holdtime: 152 sec •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Capabilities: ROUTER

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Version:

By Donna L. Har rington

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software Pub lish er: Cisco Press

IOS (tm) C800 Software (C800-G3-MW), Version 12.0(1)XB1, Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

Pages: 84 0

TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info Copyright

1986-1998 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Hand s- on prCisco act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Platform: C804 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Port-ID (Port on Device): Ethernet0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Port (Our Port): 2/10 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ___________________________________________________________________________ w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Device-ID: Est ablishduck a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Device Addresses: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Holdtime: 153 sec Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Capabilities: ROUTER Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Version: " SnifInternetwork f" t he w ir e t o spOperating ot n et w or k System issu es Software Cisco ze 2500 local and r em ot e(C2500-JS-L), access pr oblem sVersion in Et hern12.0(21a), et net w or ks, RELEASE in clud ing SOFTWARE issues w it h(fc1) IOSAnaly (tm) Software cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot1986-2002 iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,Inc. and mor e Copyright by cisco Systems, App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Platform: cisco 2500 env iron ment s Port-ID (Port on Device): Ethernet0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Port (Our Port): 2/12 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal___________________________________________________________________________ w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Device-ID: heron CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Device Addresses: Holdtime: 124 sec Capabilities: ROUTER Version: • •

Table of Content s

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(21a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

By Donna L. Har rington

Copyright

1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Platform: cisco 2500 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Port-ID (Port on Device): Ethernet0 Pages: 84 0

Port (Our Port): 2/11

Hand s- on pr act ice(enable)show for t he CCNP Trcdp oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble chesapeakebay> neighbors t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge Wit h t his b ook, you can: S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater Port

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Device-ID Port-ID Platform Capability w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

-------------------------------------------------------Est ablish a baseline and docu ment ----------------y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 2/10 I dent804 Ethernet0 R if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh owCisco , clear ,C804 debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 2/11 duck Ethernet0 cisco 2500 R Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 2/12 Cat aly heron Ethernet0 st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inpcisco ut , ou t 2500 put , and loggin g R Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir(enable)show e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es chesapeakebay> cam dynamic Analy ze Entry. local and+ r = emPermanent ot e access pr oblem s#in= EtSystem hern et net w or ks,R in=clud ing issues w it h * = Static Entry. Entry. Router Entry. cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, negotSecurity iat ion, addrEntry essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Xaut =o Port VLAN

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Dest MAC/Route Des Destination Ports or VCs / [Protocol Type] env iron ment s

---- ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 1 00-00-0c-38-a0-5d 2/11 [ALL] Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal1 00-00-0c-8d-67-05 2/12 [ALL] w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 1 2/10 [ALL] CCNP Pr00-50-73-07-d0-76 act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Total Matching CAM Entries Displayed = 3

•

NO TE Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Som e dif ferences exist bet w een t he Cat OS an d Cisco I OS. Refer b ack t o Ch apt er 6, " Sh oot ing Tr ouble w it h Cat OS and I OS, " and Ch apt er 7, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h VLANs on Rou t er s an d By Donna Har rington Sw L. it ches, " for a quick r eview . CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Ex am ple 10 - 2 illust r at es some com m and s t o g et y ou st ar t ed on b aselining t h e 290 0 Cat OS- based s I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Ex am ple 10 - 3 d oes t he sam e for kent n ar row s, y our I OS- b ased sw it ch . How ev er, t he I OS comm and Pages: 84 0 v er y sim ilar t o t h e r out er, so m ost of t hem ar e n ot r epeat ed h er e. I nt er faces, m od ules, t ru nk s, por t Add ress Resolu t ion Prot ocol ( ARP) t ab les, sw it ch t ables, caching , m em or y and CPU st at ist ics, Hot S Rou t er Prot ocol ( HSRP) , ut ilizat ion, VLANs, and so on ar e good dat a t o cap t ur e for fu t ur e comp ariso

Hand s- on t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam TCP/ d iW AN t rsouble Exa m pl epr act 1 0ice -3 .forBu il din ga Lay er 2 ing Base linweitfhor t hI eP, ILAN, OS an Sw t che t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: kentnarrows#show mac-address-table Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Dynamic Address 1 w it hout t h e actCount: ual equip ment Secure Address (User-defined) Count: Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph0ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get sCount: using pin g, Static Address (User-defined) 0 t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies System Self Address Count: 37 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e 38 com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g TotalCat MAC addresses: Use in st r uaddresses: ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Maximum MAC 8192 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Non-static Address Table: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Destination Address Address Type VLAN Destination Port cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ------------------- ------------ ---- -------------------App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 00b0.6481.e300 Dynamic 1 FastEthernet0/12 env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

NO TE CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im porI m t ant pr ovem con cep en t s cen ar e t alw ral tays o t hbein e t r oubleshoot g mad e. I f ing y oupor ar et ion used of ttohet yCCNP ping show cer t ificat m aion, c f orinclud shor tin , g b e aw ar

t hat t his doesn 't w ork in t h e m ost cur rent Cat aly st I OS. show m a c is now t r eat ed as an incom plet e comm and . On e m ust ent er show m a c ad dre ss ( not e, no hy phen) .

The m ain point I w ant ed t o mak e w it h r eit er at ing t he ou t pu t of com man ds y ou sh ould already b e fa w it h is for y ou not t o r ely only on show r unni ng- confi g or show conf ig. Go back an d r eview all t check list s and ending r eview s in each and ever y chapt er f or assist ance w it h t he in div id ual com m and •

Table of Content s

•The show r unni I ndex ng- confi g an d show st a rt up - confi g/ show conf ig com m ands are gr eat t o get a h CCNP P ra tcti cal St udi Tr ouble shoot ing w hat on how hings arees:con figu red and

you need t o t y pe in f or config ur at ion p ur poses. They are als helpf By Donna ul tL.o Har givrington e y ou a st art in g point for copy ing and past ing t o speed up conf igur ing m ult iple dev ices How ev er , t he ob ject of m ast ering t h e t r oubleshoot ing gam e is t h at y ou r eally need t o k now how t o int er prlish et er: the outPress pu t of v ar ious ot h er com m ands, n ot j ust show r unni ng- confi g. Pub Cisco Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Past e in t he conf igur at ions f r om t t 1 layer 3 configur at ion or con figu re t he Layer 3 dat a as in Figur e I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 My Layer 3 and ab ove b aseline st ar t s in Ex am ple 10 - 4. Ver ify y our s now . Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 1 0 -4 . Bu il din g a Lay er 3 an d Abov e Basel in e f r om t h e duck Rou t e Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tduck#ping icket s b asedgoose on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b5, ook, you can:ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.9, timeout is 2 seconds: Sending 100-byte !!!!! Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/16/16 ms Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k duck#ping swan I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Sending 100-byte ICMP to 172.16.3.9, timeout is 2 seconds: t r oub5, leshoot ing t ools an dEchos u t ilit ies !!!!!Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/5/8 ms Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s duck#ping kentnarrows " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.45, timeout is 2 seconds: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h !!!!!cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/18/20 ms App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s duck#ping chesapeakebay Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.45, timeout is 2 seconds: Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, !!!!! CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/5/8 ms CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e duck#ping knappsnarrows im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.2.45, timeout is 2 seconds: .!!!! Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/8/12 ms duck#trace knappsnarrows •

Table of Content s

Tracing theI ndex route to knappsnarrows (172.16.2.45) • CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

1 heron (10.10.10.2) 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec

By Donna L. Har rington

2 osprey (172.16.2.18) 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec Pub lish er: Cisco Press Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03(172.16.2.45) 8 msec 4 msec 8 msec 3Pub knappsnarrows I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

duck#trace Pages: 84 kentnarrows 0 Tracing the route to kentnarrows (172.16.1.45) 1 goose (172.16.1.9) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 2 kentnarrows (172.16.1.45) msec * 8inmsec t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k 8 Tr oub leshoot g ( CI T) t opics. duck#show arp you can: Wit h t his b ook, Protocol Address Age (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Internet w it hout10.10.10.2 t h e act ual equip ment 13 0000.0c38.a05d ARPA Ethernet0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y-our ph ysical and logicalARPA n et w or kEthernet0 Internet 10.10.10.1 0000.0c8d.6705 I dent if y10.10.10.40 t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu Ethernet0 g, an d ot her Internet 1 pin0050.7307.d076 ARPA t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Internet 10.10.10.45 10 0010.ffe5.17ff ARPA Ethernet0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Ex am"ple heotsuccessful result Snif10 f" -t4hed isp w irlays e t o t sp n et w or k issu es s of p in g and t r ace ou t pu t f rom t he d uck r out er, w hich I as a st art in g p oint . I t is not good t o assum e t hat t his t yp e of t est in g w or k s fr om t he ot her d ev ices; t her efor e, you shouand ld r epeat am ple pr 10oblem - 4 f r om y dev our in b aseline. You m w ayit h hav e st ar t Analy ze local r em ot Ex e access s inever Et hern etice netf or w ory ks, clud ing issues fr om cabling, host a and w or k ed y our w ay ar oun d t o host b ; t h at is an app rop r iat e met h od of t est ing sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay linand k, bas as w ell. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Do not con inue u nt ou blesh can poot inging ev ery as tin amlife plerou 10t-ing 4. Check y our Phy App ly t a lay er edil tyrou metdevice, h odology o rEx ealand swit chin g sical Layer an d int er faces if you r un env iron ment s int o any p rob lem s. Ex am ned ple 10 d isping laysCCNP t he int er faces heofdessionals, uck rou t er. This im eennot you bcheck t he line a Desig for- 5aspir and CCI E(on r) tpr t his indtisp sabonly le labcan g uide uilds on pr ot ocol st at u s but also t he I P addr esses. To disp lay t he m ask s or see ot her st at ist ics, y ou need t o l Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP tTr heoubleshoot in div id ualing in t exam er f aces, r out ing t ab les, and show pr ot ocols com m and out p ut . . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics.

Exa m pl e 1 0 -5 . Bu il din g a Lay er 3 an d Abov e Basel in e f r om t h e duck Rou t e CCNP icals)St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ( I n t ePrr act fa ce im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

duck#show ip interface brief Interface

IP-Address

OK? Method Status

Protocol

Ethernet0

10.10.10.1

YES manual up

up

unassigned

YES unset

•

Table of Content s

Ethernet1 • I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Loopback10

administratively down down

172.16.1.1

YES manual up

up

172.16.1.10

YES manual up

up

172.16.1.17

YES manual up

up

By Donna L. Har rington

Serial0 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Serial1 Pub Dat e:

April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

duck#show interfaces e0 Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hand s- on pr act for t headdress CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w(bia it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Hardware isice Lance, is 0000.0c8d.6705 0000.0c8d.6705) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Description: duck to chesapeakebay backbone Wit h t his b ook, you can: Internet address is 10.10.10.1/24 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or MTUw it1500 BWequip 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 hout bytes, t h e act ual ment Encapsulation ARPA, and loopback noty our set, set (10 Est ablish a baseline docu ment ph keepalive ysical and logical n et wsec) or k ... I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies duck#show interfaces s0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly ( r ) OS and protocol Cisco I OS(is r ) Sof Serial0 isst up, line upt w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st ris u ct HD64570 or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Hardware " Snif f" t he w irduck e t o sp n et w or k issu es Description: tootgoose Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Internet address is 172.16.1.10/29 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) env iron ment s ... Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP duck#show s1 of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshootinterfaces ing exam . Full CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSerial1 is up, line up w or ld ap plicat ion of LANprotocol and WAN tis op ics. Hardware isStHD64570 CCNP Pr act ical ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Description: duck to swan Internet address is 172.16.1.17/29 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

...

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

duck#show protocols By Donna L. Har rington

Global values: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Internet Protocol Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 routing is enabled I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Pages: 84 0

Internet address is 10.10.10.1/24 Ethernet1 is administratively down, line protocol is down Hand s- on pr act for line t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot Loopback10 isice up, protocol is up ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Internet address is 172.16.1.1/30 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Internet address is 172.16.1.10/29 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Serial1 is up, line protocol is upy our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish a baseline and docu ment Internet 172.16.1.17/29 I dent if y address t r oublesh is oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Not e t h e pr eceding show pr ot ocols ou t pu t . I t is q uit e helpf ul, b ecause it ver y quick ly sh ow s y ou w Use in st u ct or - is d ev robislem - isolat m et o r esolv e Tran ouble Tick et sst at us, as w ell a t he rou t ing prr ocess onelop or ed of f.pTh comm andion also g hods iv es ytou t he line d p rot ocol add ress and m ask, all in an easy- t o- read for m at . Ex am ple 10 - 6 illust r at es t he I P pr ot ocols and r out f" ck t he. w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es t ables" Snif on du Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Exa m pl e 1 0 -6 . Bu il din g a Lay er 3 an d Abov e Basel in e f r om t h e duck Rou t e aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

( Pr ot ocols)

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned forip aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on duck#show protocols Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Routing Protocol is. Full "rip" CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and 30 WAN t op ics. next due in 12 seconds Sending updates every seconds, CCNP Pr act ical St ud180 ies: Tr oublesh oot in g pdown r ovides y ouflushed w it h p ract ical inf240 or mat ion on all t h e Invalid after seconds, hold 180, after im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2 • •

Table of Content s

Interface

I ndex

Send

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Ethernet0

Recv

1 2

1 2

2

2

2

2

2

2

Key-chain

By Donna L. Har rington

Loopback10 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Serial0 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Serial1

Pages: 84 0

Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 Hand172.16.0.0 s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Routing Information Sources: Wit h t his b ook, you can: Gateway

Distance

Last Update

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 10.10.10.2 120 00:00:14 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 172.16.1.18 120 ment y00:00:18 Est ablish a baseline and docu our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 172.16.1.9 00:00:19 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t120 ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Distance: (default is 120) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in stip r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s duck#show route " Snif w ir e t o sp ot w or k issuIes- IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP Codes: C f"- t he connected, S n-etstatic, Analy ze EIGRP, local andEXr em e access pr oblem sOin- EtOSPF, hern et IA net-w or ks, ininter clud ingarea issues w it h D - ot EIGRP external, OSPF cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut N1 o negot iat ion, addrexternal essing , encapsulat mor eNSSA external type 2 - OSPF NSSA type 1, ion, N2 and - OSPF App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP env iron ment s i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP U - per-user static route, o - ODR Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealGateway of last resort is not set w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. variably subnetted, 2 masks CCNP 172.16.0.0/16 Pr act ical St ud ies:is Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y11 ou subnets, w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

R

172.16.1.40/29 [120/1] via 172.16.1.9, 00:00:24, Serial0

R

172.16.2.40/29 [120/2] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:20, Ethernet0

R

172.16.1.32/29 [120/1] via 172.16.1.9, 00:00:24, Serial0 [120/1] via 172.16.1.18, 00:00:24, Serial1

•

R •

Table of Content s

172.16.1.24/29 [120/1] via 172.16.1.9, 00:00:24, Serial0 I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

[120/1] via 172.16.1.18, 00:00:24, Serial1

By Donna L. Har rington

C

172.16.1.16/29 is directly connected, Serial1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

R

172.16.2.16/29 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

[120/1] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:20, Ethernet0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

C

172.16.1.8/29 is directly connected, Serial0

Pages: 84 0

R

172.16.2.8/29 [120/1] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:21, Ethernet0

R

172.16.3.8/29 [120/1] via 172.16.1.18, 00:00:24, Serial1

Hand s- on 172.16.1.0/30 pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam Loopback10 w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble C is directly connected, t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. R 172.16.2.0/30 [120/1] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:21, Ethernet0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks R

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 10.0.0.0/8 [120/7] via 172.16.1.18, 00:00:04, Serial1 w it hout t h e act ual equip ment [120/7] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:26, Ethernet0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

C

is tdirectly connected, I dent10.10.10.0/24 if y t r oublesh oot ing ar get s using pin g, t r ace,Ethernet0 sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g The p r eceding r out ing t ab le sh ows 11 su bnet s f or 17 2. 16 .0 .0 , bu t t h er e shou ld b e 12. I hav e ident if Use in6sttrou ct d evmelop ed rpout robe, lem et hods o or r esolv Tr ouble 17 2. 16. 3 .1 beort-he issing w h- isolat ich is ion t hemI SDN nett w k in e Figur e 10 -Tick 3. I et brsough t m y int er f and t h en had 12 r out es. I t is not im por t an t t h at I SDN is operat ion al in t his t ick et , as long as y our F Snif f" he an w irder un t o ning sp ot . nI et or 1k 72. issu Relay" link is tup f twhe 16es.3 . 8 n et w or k is in y our r out in g t ab le, it is. and tr he em host ot e access oblem s induck Et hern wher or ks, inices clud ing issuesofwping, it h t r ace, Ex amAnaly ple 10ze - 7local d isp lays s t ab le pr t hat is on an dett hnet e ot d ev f or ease sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, t elnetcabling, op er at ions. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

Exa m pl e 1 0 -7 . Bu il din g a Lay er 3 an d Abov e Basel in e f r om t h e duck Rou t e env iron ment s ( host s t a bl e) Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, duck#show hosts CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Default domain is not set CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t uses ral t o tdomain h e t r oubleshoot Name/address lookup serviceing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Name servers are 255.255.255.255 Host

Flags

duck

(perm, OK)

Age Type 8

IP

Address(es) 10.10.10.1

172.16.1.10

172.16.1.17 •

Table of Content s

•heron

I ndex

(perm, OK)

0

IP

10.10.10.2

172.16.2.9

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

172.16.2.17

By Donna L. Har rington

goose Pub lish er:

Cisco Press

(perm, OK)

0

IP

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: osprey

84 0

crab

172.16.1.9

172.16.1.25

172.16.1.33

172.16.1.41

(perm, OK)

0

IP

172.16.2.18

172.16.2.41

(perm, OK)

8

IP

172.16.2.10

172.16.3.10

172.16.3.18 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et(perm, swan w or k Tr oub OK)leshoot 0 in IPg ( CI T) 172.16.3.9 t opics. 172.16.1.18 Wit h t his b ook, you can:

172.16.1.26

172.16.1.34

172.16.3.17 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment chesapeakebay (perm, OK) 0 IP 10.10.10.45 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k kentnarrows (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.1.45 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her knappsnarrows IP 172.16.2.45 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d(perm, u t ilit iesOK) 0 pingme (perm, 8 s IP 10.10.10.40 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u alOK) pr oblem by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g gwise (perm, OK) 8 IP 10.10.10.20 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Host Flags Age Type Address(es) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es novell (perm, OK) 8 IP 10.10.10.20 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizatOK) ion and b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, etowerdh (perm, 8 collisions, IP 10.10.10.10 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e win98 (perm, OK) 8 IP 10.10.10.10 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g hostaenv iron ment s (perm, OK) 8 IP 172.16.1.42 Desig CCI E( r) pr of8essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on hostcned for aspir ing CCNP and (perm, OK) IP 172.16.1.43 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of (perm, pr act icalOK) ex er cises tIP h at g et172.16.2.42 y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, hostb 8 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. cat2900 (perm, OK) 8 IP 10.10.10.45 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e cat3512 (perm, OK) 8 IP 172.16.1.45 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

cat1900

(perm, OK)

8

IP

172.16.2.45

Ex am ple 10 - 8 g oes on t o t est t h in gs f r om t he h er on r out er 's p er spect ive. •

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• Exa m pl e 1I ndex 0 -8 . Bu il din g a Lay er 3 an d Abov e Basel in e f r om t h e he r on Rou CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

heron#trace kentnarrows Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Tracing the route to kentnarrows (172.16.1.45) I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: (10.10.10.1) 84 0 1 duck 208 msec 124 msec 56 msec

2 goose (172.16.1.9) 12 msec 12 msec 8 msec 3 kentnarrows (172.16.1.45) 12 msec * 8 msec Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble heron#trace knappsnarrows t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Tracing to knappsnarrows (172.16.2.45) Wit h t his bthe ook,route you can: 1 osprey (172.16.2.18) 0 msec 4 msec 0 msec Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 2 knappsnarrows (172.16.2.45) 12 msec 4 msec 8 msec Est ablishipa baseline andbrief docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k heron#show interface I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ethernet0 10.10.10.2 YES manual up up Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Loopback10 172.16.2.2 YES manual up up Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Serial0 172.16.2.9 YES manual up up " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Serial1 172.16.2.17 YES manual up up Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly lay er ed rouot blesh ing met odology t o Tick r ealroupar t inge and Con t inue t o abaselin e tthe her oot devices in thhe Tr oub le etlife . Com y our swit endchin ing gcon figu rat ion s t o env iron ment s final conf igs f ile. I f y ou w ant t o see m ore of m y t est ing , r ef er t o t h e t t 1 layer 3 t est ing f ile. Desig aspirating E( r) 1prand of essionals, isp en g uide b uilds Not e tned h at for I separ ed CCNP discov and eringCCI Layer Lay er 2 frt his om ind Layer 3 sab in t le hislab Tr oub le Tick et . on I w ant ed Cisco( r) Ipnt er net wa ork Trou CI T) t opy, icscon t hat p rrat ep ion are, yand ou for t heleshoot CCNPin g. I t is help ful t m or e em hasize lay er ed bleshoot appr oachin tgo (discover figu t r oub Tr oubleshoot . Full act ical cises at g et causing y ou r eady challenges onf act t he itj ob, un derst an d wing h et exam h er you havof e pr a Lay er 2ex orerLay er t1h issue t he f or pr oblem or if in is som e CCNP actabov ical St Lay er Pr 3 or e.ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE The pi ng com m and is a q uick t est t o help y ou decid e w het her y ou h ave con nect iv it y or d at a- lin issu es w h en y ou can 't phy sically access equ ip m en t ; it is a q uick t est of Lay er 3 an d below . The Cisco and UNI X t ra cer out e com m and t est s up t hr oug h Lay er 4 v ia User Dat agr am Pr ot ocol ( UDP) p acket s, w her eas Micr osoft t ra cer t com m and t est s t hr oug h Layer 3 w it h I nt ern et Con t r Messag e Pr ot ocol ( I CMP) echos. •

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

I f you n eed mor e p ract ice af t er com plet ing t he discov ery lab , feel f ree t o t ur n t his Tr oub le Tick et int By Donna conf ig urL.atHar ionrington lab or v ice ver sa. Act ually, I high ly recom mend it . Pract ice m akes p er fect . You can er a conf ig ur at ions on all d ev ices an d conf igur e t h em fr om scrat ch as in Figur e 10 - 3. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 2 Documentation Lab Baselinin g an d d ocu m en t at ion ar e v er y imp ort ant p r er equisit es t o sup por t ing and cont inu in g t o supp ort net w or ks. Ad d any add it ion al not es t o y our d raw ing s and t ables an d t ak e t im e t o r ed raw t hem if n ecessar y. Oft en colored pens/ pencils enable y ou t o h ig hlight dif fer en t encapsulat ions, •pr ot ocols, addr Table of Content esses, set t ins gs, and such. •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi Tr ouble shoot ing Log ging and t im ees: st am ps ar e ext rem ely h elp ful for d ocum en t at ion pur poses. Tools su ch as Net w ork Tim e Pr ot ocol ( NTP) , sy slog, TFTP, FTP, and Sim ple Net w ork Managem ent Prot ocol By Donna L. Har rington ( SNMP) are quit e v aluab le wh en it com es t o su ppor t ing int er net w or ks. Pu t som e of t hese t ools t o pr act ical use as y ou perf or m t he follow in g t ask s: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Set I SBN: u p1-t 58 h e720 du-0ck 57 -0 r ou t er as t he m ast er t im ek eep er and hav e t he ot her dev ices get t heir t im e frPages: om duck . 84 0 Con figu re t he dev ices so t hat t hey display log and debug out put w it h a t im e and dat e st am p in m illisecon ds. Set u p a syslog ser ver such as t h e fr ee 3CD aem on on host a an d con figur e t he ot her d ev ices Hand spr act forort he oubleshoot w it. h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t oon send t h ice eir inf m atCCNP ion al Tr logs t o t h e sying slogexam ser ver t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. I ncr ease t h e size of y our logging bu ff er s. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Perf or m a show t e ch- sup port an d ot her baselin e comm and s on you r r out er s. Set d f ollow w it h realscenar ios aligned t o each ex am ic, wbe it hpor Sav eu pallanconfig ur atalong ions. Send t hemw or t o lda lab TFTP/ FTP serv er of y our choice. Thist op could art w it hout t h e act ual equip ment of t he 3CDaem on t hat is r unnin g on h ost a. Alt er nat iv ely, y ou can set u p one of y our r out er s as a TFTP ser v er . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Mak e sur e y ou k now w here t o locat e specif ic dat a on Cisco' s w eb sit e t o p rop er ly supp ort all Iofdent if y dtev r oublesh ootback ing tand ar get s usingChpin ace, shat ow an d ot y our ices. Go r eview aptg,ert r2, " Wh 's , inclear You, r debu Tool g, Bag?" f orher m ore tspecif r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ics. For n ow, research t he d iff er ences bet w een a m anu al m em or y d um p an d an except ion dum p . Manu ally generat e a m emor y d um p fr om t he duck r out er t o t he ex ist in g Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided TFTP serv er. Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Don 't for get about you r host s an d ser ver s. Mak e sur e you k now Lay er 2 an d Lay er 3 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s add resses, g at ew ay s, r out es, fr am e t y pes, pr ot ocols, and so on. Ref er back t o t he p rev iou s chapt ouotwnitethwt his. Addes t his inf or mat ion t o y our diag ram or creat e a separ at e " Snif f"ertshet owassist ir e t o ysp or k issu t able. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h (cabling, Op t ional) Use and a p rot such ascollisions, Snif fer f orbyou r baselin e. UseCD, t h eon Sniff sp eed duocol plex analyzer , u t ilizat ion and andw idt h, CSMA/ e- wer ayas linwk,ell as show an d de bug com m ands w here y ou can t o analy ze all b ack gr oun d t raf fic on y our aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e net w or k. You need t o kn ow w hat nor m al is for you r env ir on ment . Refer back t o Ch apt er 2 for eshereredon p rot ocoloot analysis h Sniff ert oPrr ealo. life rou t ing and swit chin g Appalyr efr a lay t rou blesh ing metwhitodology env iron ment s Look at t h e " Tr ouble Tick et 2 Docum en t at ion Lab Solut ion. " Can y ou spot t he issu es? Bet t er y et , can you issuing es?CCNP Makeand a list ofE( each t hat y out his fix ind t o isp com t o t ghe issubeuilds list and Desig nedfixfort he aspir CCI r) prissue of essionals, enpar sabe leit lab uide on ending conf igur at ion in t he sam ple solu t ions. Fix ev er yt h in g you ident if y, and use ping an d t r ace Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP tTr o oubleshoot t est all connect ivit y .. For p le,ical m yex8er 04cises ( ping a g ood ing t ar get on on tthe he j ob, ing exam Full exam of pr act t hme at grou et tyer) ou riseady f or pchallenges back bone, b ut use w hat you hav e. I f you ar e r eally st r ug gling, t his Tr ouble Tick et includes CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealsam pleapout p ution in aoffile nam edWAN t t 2 t est g, an d so does t he n ex t . Use t his as a last r esor t . Now is w or ld plicat LAN and t opin ics. y our chan ce t o app ly m et h ods and t ools on y our ow n . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 2 Documentation Lab Solution Look at Figur e 10 - 3. Because t he d r awin g is g et t in g a lit t le crow d ed , y ou m ay w an t t o t ak e t he inf orm at ion gat h er ed and com p ile it int o a t ab le su ch as in Figur e 10 - 4. Th is met h od t o collect dat a is w hat I used in Ch apt er 5, " Sh oot ing Trou ble w it h Et h er net . " Ref er back t o it f or t he t em plat es t o u se for y our devices and m ake an y necessary ch anges f or t his scenar io. •

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I ndex

Figu r e 1 0 -4 . Cha pt e r 1 0 D iscov er y Ba sel ine

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

[ View full size im age]

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Ex am ine t h e ex am ples and t he su ppor t ing f iles f or t his chap t er' s Tr ouble Tick et 1 and Tr ouble ose oublesh ootfigu actrat u alion pr soblem f ollowging along w it h t aut or- p rinovided TicketDiagn 2. Rev iewand t het rend in g con in t hes by pr ecedin chap t er and he h follow g ex am ples alyestfam ( r ) iliar OS and I OS( r ) mSof com m and loggin g t im e t o getCat m or w it hCisco t he env iron enttwyar oue w ill be suppinp ortutin, gouint put t h is, and ch apt er . NTP, st am ps, loggin g, an d TFTP con figur at ion st ar t in Ex am ple 10 - 9 ( and go t hr ough Ex am ple 10 - 17) . r u cttor - dfev p rob lem - isolat m et hods tthoer esolv Trat ouble Tick s Op en Use t he in sustppor ing ileelop f or ed m or e det ailed d ation a, including configeur ion an d aetshow t e chsupp or t ou t pu t f or t he d ev ices ( t t 2 t est in g) . Th e TFTP ser v er en ding conf ig ur at ions f or t his " Snif f" et t hearweirav e ailab t o sp le ot in n etcase w or kyou issuh es Tr ouble Tick ave t he need t o use TFTP t o copy t h em t o y our d ev ices. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Exa m 1 0 -9 . Docum e nt , tencapsulat h e du ckion, Rout r e autpl o enegot iat ion, addr essing andemor App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s duck#clock set 9:59:00 July 30 2002 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net wterminal ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP duck#configure Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trtimestamps oublesh oot in debug g g ivesdatetime y ou an edgmsec e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealduck(config)#service w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. duck(config)#service timestamps log datetime msec CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g duck(config)#logging 172.16.1.42

duck(config)#logging trap ?

• •

Logging severity level

alerts

Immediate action needed

(severity=1)

Critical conditions

(severity=2)

Debugging messages

(severity=7)

System is unusable

(severity=0)

Error conditions

(severity=3)

critical

Table of Content s I ndex

debugging

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington emergencies

errors Pub lish er:

Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

informational Informational messages I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

(severity=6)

notifications

Normal but significant conditions (severity=5)

warnings

Warning conditions

(severity=4)

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n ttrap ern et winformational or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. duck(config)#logging Wit h t his b ook, you can: buffer 500000 duck(config)#logging duck(config)#ntp ? Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment access-group Control NTP access Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k authenticate Authenticate time sources I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her authentication-key key for trusted time sources t r oub leshoot ing t ools Authentication an d u t ilit ies broadcastdelay Estimated Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u alround-trip pr oblem s by delay f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g clock-period Length of hardware clock tick Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s master Act as NTP master clock " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es max-associations Set maximum number of associations Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and duConfigure plex , u t ilizatNTP ion and peer peercollisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e server Configure NTP server App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s source Configure interface for source address Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on trusted-key Key numbers for trusted time sources Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, duck(config)#ntp master CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. duck(config)#end CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e duck#copy running-config im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o tstartup-config h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Set u p y our sy slog ser ver bef ore you conf ig ur e t he ot her r out er s. Figur e 10 - 5 d isp lays t he 3CDaemon f ree sy slog ser v er ru nnin g on h ost a.

• s m en t t he h er on Rout er Exa m pl e 1Table 0 -1of0Content . Docu •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

heron(config)#service timestamps debug datetime msec Pub lish er: Cisco Press

heron(config)#service timestamps log datetime msec Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

heron(config)#ntp server 172.16.1.1 Pages: 84 0

heron(config)#ntp source e0 heron(config)#end heron#show ntp Hand s- on pr act icestatus for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Clock is synchronized, stratum 9, reference is 172.16.1.1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 250.0000 Hz, precision is 2**19 Set u p time an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or reference is C0F0E5E3.EBC9E623 (10:16:03.921 UTC Tue Jul 30 2002) w it hout t h e act ual equip ment clock offset is -0.1268 msec, root delay is 6.52 msec Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k root dispersion is 0.21 msec, peer dispersion is 0.05 msec I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies heron#configure terminal Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided heron(config)#logging 172.16.1.42 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g heron(config)#logging trap informational Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s heron(config)#logging buffer " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or500000 k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h heron(config)#end cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e heron#copy running-config startup-config App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Exa mr)plI nt e er1net 0 -1 1 . Docu m en tintghe t er ep r are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( w ork Trou bleshoot ( CI g T)oose t op ics Rou t hat p Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. goose(config)#logging 172.16.1.42 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t raltrap t o t h einformational t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g goose(config)#logging

goose(config)#logging buffer 500000 goose(config)#service timestamps debug datetime msec goose(config)#service timestamps log datetime msec goose(config)#ntp server 172.16.1.1 •

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•goose(config)#ntp I ndex source s0/0 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington goose(config)#end

goose#show clock Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

10:19:32.447 UTC Tue Jul 30 2002 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 goose#copy running-config startup-config

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Exa m pl e 1 0 -1 2 . Docu m en t t he ospr e y Rou t er t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: osprey(config)#logging 172.16.1.42 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or osprey(config)#logging w it hout t h e act ual equip trap mentinfo Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k osprey(config)#logging buffer 500000 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g,datetime t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her osprey(config)#service timestamps debug msec t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies osprey(config)#service timestamps log datetime msec Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS andserver Cisco I 172.16.1.1 OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g osprey(config)#ntp Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s osprey(config)#ntp source s0/0 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es osprey(config)#end Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h osprey#copy running-config cabling, sp eed and du plex , startup-config u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Exa m pl e 1 0 -1 3 . Docu m en t t he cr ab Rou t e r Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealcrab(config)#logging 172.16.1.42 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. crab(config)#logging informational CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trtrap oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

crab(config)#logging buffer 500000 crab(config)#service timestamps debug datetime msec crab(config)#service timestamps log datetime msec crab(config)#ntp server 172.16.1.1 •

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crab(config)#ntp source s0 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

crab(config)#end By Donna L. Har rington

crab#copy running-config startup-config Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Exa m pl e 1 0 -1 4 . Docu m en t t he sw an Rout e r

swan(config)#logging Hand s- on pr act ice for t he172.16.1.42 CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. swan(config)#logging trap informational Wit h t his b ook, you can: swan(config)#logging buffer 500000 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real-debug w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or swan(config)#service timestamps datetime msec w it hout t h e act ual equip ment swan(config)#service timestamps log datetime msec Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k swan(config)#ntp server 172.16.1.1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies swan(config)#ntp source s1 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided swan(config)#end Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g swan#copy Use in strunning-config r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Exa m pl e 1 0 -1 5 . Docu m en t t he f e r r y Rou t er ( Fr a m e Re la y Sw it ch) aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s ferry(config)#logging 172.16.1.42 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cannot logging port to 172.16.1.42 Cisco( r) open I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ferry(config)#logging trap informational CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ferry(config)#logging buffer 500000 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ferry(config)#service debug ing datetime im por t ant con cep t s cen t raltimestamps t o t h e t r oubleshoot por t ion msec of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ferry(config)#service timestamps log datetime msec ferry(config)#ntp server 172.16.1.1 ferry(config)#ntp source s0 ferry(config)#end •

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•ferry#copy I running-config ndex startup-config CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ExaPub mDat ple:e April 1 00-1 4, 20 6 .03Docu m en t t he che sa pe ak e bay Sw it ch ( 2 9 0 0 Ca t O S) I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

chesapeakebay> (enable)set logging server 172.16.1.42 172.16.1.42 added to System logging server table. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble chesapeakebay> (enable)set logging timestamp enable t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. System messages timestamp will be enabled. Wit h t hislogging b ook, you can: chesapeakebay> (enable)set logging buffer 500000 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Usage: set logging

w it hout t h e act ualbuffer equip ment Est ablish (buffer_size a baseline= and 1..500) docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t arlogging get s usingbuffer pin g, t r500 ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her chesapeakebay> (enable)set t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies System logging buffer size set to Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( Sof t w ar e172.16.1.1 com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g chesapeakebay> (enable)set ntpr ) server Use in st r172.16.1.1 u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s NTP server added. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es chesapeakebay> (enable)show ntp Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Current time: Tueand Juldu30 2002, 10:48:28 cabling, sp eed plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Timezone: '', offset from UTC is 0 hours App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Summertime: '',s disabled env iron ment Last NTP for update: Desig ned aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Broadcast mode: Tr oubleshootclient ing exam . Full disabled of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealBroadcast delay: 3000and microseconds w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN WAN t op ics. Client CCNP Pr act mode: ical St disabled ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NTP-Server ---------------------------------------172.16.1.1

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CCNP m Exa P rapl cti cal e 1St0udi -1es:7 Tr . ouble Docu shoot m ing en t t he k e nt na r r ow s Sw it ch ( 3 5 1 2 X L I O S) By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

kentnarrows(config)#logging 172.16.1.42 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 kentnarrows(config)#logging trap informational Pages: 84 0

kentnarrows(config)#logging buffer 500000 kentnarrows(config)#service timestamps debug datetime msec kentnarrows(config)#service log datetime msec Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Trtimestamps oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. kentnarrows(config)#ntp server 172.16.1.1 Wit h t his b ook, you can: kentnarrows(config)#ntp source vlan1 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or kentnarrows(config)#end w it hout t h e act ual equip ment kentnarrows#show ntp status Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Clock is synchronized, stratum 9, reference is 172.16.1.1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies nominal freq is 381.4697 Hz, actual freq is 381.4697 Hz, precision is 2**17 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided reference time is C0F0E9A4.9AD26EC9 (10:32:04.604 UTC Tue Jul 30 2002) Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g clockUse offset is delay 15.59 in st r u ct or -4.1159 d ev elop msec, ed p robroot lem - isolat ionis m et hods tmsec o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s root "dispersion dispersion is 3.68 msec Snif f" t he w ir is e t o7.81 sp ot nmsec, et w or kpeer issu es kentnarrows#copy running-config startup-config Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, !!! the is not shown for aut o output negot iatof ion,the addr1900 essing , encapsulat ion, andthis mor etrouble ticket App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Figu r e 1 0 -5 . 3 CD ae m on Sy sl og on h ost a Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. [ View full size im age]

CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Now t h at y ou hav e some com m on docum ent at ion t ools config ur ed , such as NTP, t im e st am ps, Wit h t his b ook, you , can: loggin g, an d sy slog y ou shou ld cont in ue t o use t hese t ools t o assist y ou w it h su ppor t ing t he net w or k. Ver ify t hat NTP is w or kin g on du ck in Ex am ple 10 - 18 an d t hen be sur e t o sav e all y our conf ig ur at ions. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Exa m e 1 0a-1 8 . Vieand w i ng uck Estpl ablish baseline docuNTP ment on y ourdph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies duck#show ntp associations Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco OS( r ) Sof t w st ar e com m and inp ut , ou t putdelay , and loggin g address ref I clock when poll reach offset disp Use in st r u ct or - d ev127.127.7.1 elop ed p rob lem - isolat7ion m15 et hods 64 t o r esolv et s *~127.127.7.1 377 e Tr ouble 0.0 Tick0.00

0.0

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es * master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h duck#show ntp status cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Clock is synchronized, stratum 8, reference is 127.127.7.1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g nominal freq iss 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 250.0000 Hz, precision is 2**19 env iron ment reference (10:43:02.824 UTC Jul 30 g2002) Desig ned fortime aspir is ing C0F0EC36.D3096102 CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind ispTue en sab le lab uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP clock offset 0.0000 0.00 Tr oubleshoot ingis exam . Full msec, of pr actroot ical exdelay er cisesis t h at g et msec y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealroot 0.02 peer w or ld dispersion ap plicat ion ofis LAN and msec, WAN t op ics. dispersion is 0.02 msec CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Ex am ple 10 - 19 sh ows t he copy ing of t he conf igur at ions t o t h e TFTP ser v er t hat I hav e r un ning on host a. I d id n ot b ot her w it h t he 1 900 or 8 04 becau se t hey w ould be j ust as easy t o r econf igur e as t o dow n load t h e config ur at ion.

Exa m pl e 1 0 -1 9 . Copy in g t he Conf igu r a t ion s t o t he TFTP Se r v er •

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duck#copy running-config tftp By Donna L. Har rington

Address or name of remote host []? 172.16.1.42 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Destination [tt2duck-confg]? Pub Dat e: Aprilfilename 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

!!

Pages: 84 0

1936 bytes copied in 8.744 secs (242 bytes/sec) heron#copy running-config tftp Hand s- on or pr act ice for he CCNPhost Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Address name of tremote []? 172.16.1.42 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Destination filename [tt2heron-confg]? Wit h t his b ook, you can: !! Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 1963 wbytes inequip 7.676 secs (280 bytes/sec) it hout copied t h e act ual ment goose#copy tftp Est ablishrunning-config a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Address of remote host I dentor if y name t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s []? using172.16.1.42 pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Destination filename [goose-confg]? tt2goose-confg Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided !! Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g in st rcopied u ct or - d ev ed p rob lem(2880 - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 2880 Use bytes inelop 1.664 secs bytes/sec) " Snif f" t herunning-config w ir e t o sp ot n et wtftp or k issu es osprey#copy Analy ze local r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Remote host []? and 172.16.1.42 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, negot iat ion, addrfile essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e tt2osprey-confg Name aut ofo configuration to write [osprey-confg]? App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Write file tt2osprey-confg on host 172.16.1.42? [confirm] env iron ment s Building configuration... Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Writing tt2osprey-confg [OK] Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of!!pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealcrab#copy running-config tftpt op ics. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN Address orical name host []? CCNP Pr act St udof ies:remote Tr oublesh oot in g p r172.16.1.42 ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Destination filename [crab-confg]? tt2crab-confg !! 2695 bytes copied in 10.64 secs (269 bytes/sec) swan#copy running-config tftp •

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Address or name of remote host []? 172.16.1.42 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Destination filename [swan-confg]? tt2swan-confg By Donna L. Har rington

!! Pub lish er: Cisco Press

2333 copied Pubbytes Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03in 12.356 secs (194 bytes/sec) I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

ferry#copy running-config tftp Pages: 84 0

Address or name of remote host []? 172.16.1.42 Destination filename [ferry-confg]? tt2ferry-confg Hand s- onopening pr act icetftp://172.16.1.42/tt2ferry-confg for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h(Socket TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble %Error error) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ferry#!!!ip is not running on the frame switch Wit h t his b ook, you can: ferry#!!!use your terminal program to get a copy of that config Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment chesapeakebay>enable Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k EnterI dent password: if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies chesapeakebay> (enable)copy ? Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Usage: flash Catcopy aly st ( rtftp ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Usecopy in st r uflash ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s tftp " Snif f" t he w ir(enable)write e t o sp ot n et w or?k issu es chesapeakebay> Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Usage: write network cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negotterminal iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e write App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g write env iron ment s chesapeakebay> (enable)write network Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP IP address or name of remote host? 172.16.1.42 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealName of configuration file? tt2chesapeakebay-confg w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Upload configuration tt2chesapeakebay-confg (y/n) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trto oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w iton h p 172.16.1.42 ract ical inf or mat ion on[n]? all t hye im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

... Finished network upload.

(7861 bytes)

chesapeakebay> (enable)

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kentnarrows#copy running-config tftp CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Source filename [running-config]? By Donna L. Har rington

Destination IP address or hostname []? 172.16.1.42 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Destination [running-config]? tt2kentnarrows-confg Pub Dat e: Aprilfilename 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Building configuration... Pages: 84 0

!! 1952 bytes copied in 0.322 secs Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit t his you can: My hsup porbtook, ing TFTP f iles ar e included as w ell. Reference t h eir nam es in Ex am ple 10 - 19. Anot h er t ask in t h is Tr ouble Ticket is t he m em ory dum p. Ex am ple 10 - 20 d isp lays t he out p ut of Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t he mem or y dum p t o t he TFTP ser ver , w hich t akes som e t im e if you plan on let t in g it fin ish . w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Exa m pl e 1 0 -2 0 . M em or y Du m p t o TFTP

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided duck#ping 172.16.1.42 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Type escape sequence to abort. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.42, timeout is 2 seconds: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es !!!!! Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/16/20 ms aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e duck#write App ly a core lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Remote host [0.0.0.0]? 172.16.1.42 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Base ofnetcore to write Cisco( name r) I nt er w ork files Trou bleshoot in g ( [duck-core]? CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, writing uncompressed CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Trtftp://172.16.1.42/duck-core oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ... writing uncompressed tftp://172.16.1.42/duck-coreiomem

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CCNP P raectidu calmStpudi The cor cr es: eatTr edouble t w oshoot filesing on

t he TFTP serv er for t he d uck r out er:

By Donna L. Har rington

du ck - cor e

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub April 0 4, 20 03 duDat cke:- cor eiom em I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

NO TE Cisco is m ov in g away fr om r ely ing on w rit in g an ex cept ion du mp t o an ex t er nal HandTFTP/ s- on pr actser icev for hehenever CCNP Tr ing exam w itinh boot TCP/ Iflash P, LAN, an d AN tPC r ouble FTP er . tW t houbleshoot er e is suf ficien t space or on aW Flash card , t icketascrash b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. inf o f ile is usually w r it t en . This in clud es t he ou t put of show st a ck an d show t e ch - supp ort , as w ell as t he m ost r ecent exec m ode an d con fig mod e comm an ds. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or You should also creat e a t able t o docum ent you r host s as in Table 1 0- 1. I f y ou ar e t he w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ser v er/ w or k st at ion g rou p r at h er t han t he n et wor k g rou p, y our t able w ill pr obab ly look a lot mor e det ailed t h an wh t h is pr and ov id es. Thment e point herph e ysical is t hatand t r oubleshoot Est ablish a at baseline docu y our logical n eting w orisk end t o en d. Nor m ally t his m eans f r om host t o h ost w it h any sw it ch es an d rou t er s in bet w een . The main t ools on Wind ows include oot ip con g/get w ins ipcfg n et wsh orow k pr op er t,ydebu sheet En dsuot reher you can ping, I denthost if y tsr oublesh ing fit ar using an pindg,t he t r ace, , clear g,. an t r ace,t rand t eln et ting o evt ery ev d iceu tfrilit om oub leshoot oolsdan ieseach host b ef ore you pr oceed t o t he ot h er Trou ble Ticket s. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem Tab - isolat le 1ion 0 -m 1 et . Host hods t s o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es host a : Win2K WinBook ( 17 2. 16. 1 .4 2/ 29 ) ( 3 Com PCMCI A NI C 001 04BA5 AE50) I P- ar pa/ I PXsap 100Mbps/ f ull Client forotMicr osoft and Net Ware w or s w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy ze local and r em e access pr oblem s in EtNet hern et knet cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, host b: Win98 Toshiba ( 172 .1 6. 2. 42 / 29) ( Xir com CE- I I ps NI C 008 0C7 AAC887 ) I P- ar pa/ I PXaut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e sap 10Mb ps/ half Client f or Micr osof t and Net War e Net w or ks File and Pr int er Sh aring f or Micr osof t App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g iron ment s ( 17 2. 16 .1 .4 3/ 29 ) ( 3 Com PCMCI A NI C 005 004 DF5F3C) I P- arp a hostenv c: Win98 Dell 10 0Mbp s/ full Clien t f or Microsof t File and Pr in t er Shar ing for Micr osoft Net wor k s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Docum ent ion St and baselin ing ar eoot exin t r gemely poran t ant but ar er e vter t im econsum ing. I n ar ealCCNP Pr actatical ud ies: Tr oublesh g ivesim y ou edg e ov hey com pet it ion t hr ough pr act ical en vir onm ent , it m any t im es get s p ut off un t il lat er, and lat er never com es. How ev er , w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. supp ort in g t he LAN and WAN is m u ch easier w hen y ou h ave done y our hom ew or k u p f r ont . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE You can n ev er hav e t oo mu ch d ocu ment at ion. Now t hat y ou hav e it , consider exp er im en t ing a b it . I f you r eally w an t t o ver ify y our con figu rat ion s, er ase t hem all on y our d ev ices. Be b rav e an d r eload t hem, t oo. Then set up y our dev ices f or basic I P connect ivit y t o t h e TFTP ser v er and dow nload y our pr ev iou sly sav ed conf igur at ions. •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Now t h at y ou ar e quit e f am iliar wit h t h e scenar io t h rou gh discover in g or config ur in g it , By Donna L. Har rington supp ort in g it , and docum ent ing it , b e pr epar ed f or some mor e challenging Tr oub le Tick et s. The nam e of t h e Tr ouble Ticket obv iously gives y ou a h in t of som e ( not all) of t he issues. You n eed t o Pubtlish Cisco Press " spot heer: issues" on you r ow n in st ead of follow ing m y lead p age by p age, st ep b y st ep . I ssu e list sPub areDatpr e:ovid April ed 0 4, af 20t03 er each Tr ouble Ticket so t hat y ou can m ake su re you at least f oun d t h e issu es IISBN: int ended. 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 3 OSPF Lab Past e in t he conf igur at ion ch anges f r om m y t t 3 t r oub led con figs f ile t o g et st ar t ed . I n t his Tr ouble Tick et , t he r out in g p r ot ocol ch anges f r om Rout in g I n for m at ion Pr ot ocol ( RI P) t o Open Shor t est Pat h First ( OSPF) . Updat e you r dr aw ings accor dingly . Wh en y ou are cer t ain ev er y t hin g •is w or kin g ( an Table s d it ofisContent not r ight now ) , d isp lay t he OSPF con figur at ion on t he sw an r out er and •per for m a t r ace I ndex t o t h e goose r out er . Ex plain w hy goose t ak es t he p at h it chooses. Save y our CCNP P raed cti cal Stigur udi es: Tr ouble corr ect conf at ions t oshoot t h e ing TFTP ser v er . All host s should be ab le t o p in g and t r ace a dev ice onDonna t he bL.ack bon e. By Har rington The ch esapeak eb ay backb one sw it ch an d t he Fr ame Relay f err y r out er shou ld b ot h be Pub lish er: Cisco Press oper at ional. I w ou ld m uch pr efer t o hav e a Gig abit Et her net or ev en a 100 - Mbp s back bone, b ut April 0 4, 20 03 it isPub n otDat n e: ecessar y f or y ou t o go t o t h at ex pense for lab p ur poses. I n t he pr act ical env ir onm en t , I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 -0 t hat is anot her issue. I t is also not int ended for y ou t o con figu re I SDN in t his t icket unless you 84 0 is ru nning on all r out er s except t he 8 04 on t he b ack bon e, in w hich t he p art icular w ant tPages: o. OSPF I OS d oesn' t su ppor t OSPF. I nst ead of up gr ading t h e I OS, use d ef ault r ou t es. All t elnet s t o k napp sn arr ow s ar e b lock ed , bu t p in g, t r ace, and HTTP access sh ould w or k in t his scenar io. Mak e sur e y ou ar e ab le t o p in g all loopback s, and t hen mov e on t o t he r est of t he in t ended solu t ion. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tTrouble icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Ticket 3 OSPF Lab Solution Wit h t his b ook, you can: Man y t imes f ixing on e t hing can br eak anot her or lead y ou t o anot h er issue, w hich is w hy I r ef err ed t o t h is as t he in t en ded solut ion . How ev er , y ou m ust keep a m et hodical m ind set and div ideSet andu pconq t o f ind t hewreal issues. ef ully , t heios praligned act ical nt at e ofext his an duer f ollow along it h realw orHop ld lab scenar o ur each am bt ook op ic,t hu w its hfar or has help ed shap e you int o someone wh o h as t he m et hod olog y, t ools, and k now how t o do some w it hout t h e act ual equip ment t r oub leshoot ing on y our ow n. That is you r t ask for t he r est of t he Trou ble Tick et s in t his b ook. You should havae baseline alr ead y past in ment t he t rou bled igur at ions fr om Est ablish and ed docu y our phconf ysical and logical n ett hweort tk3 t r oub led con figs f ile, bu t if not , you can do t hat now . Rev iew you r docum ent at ion t hat y ou shou ld h ave been up dat ing dent if tyh ter oublesh ing tat arFigur get s using ow , fclear , debu g, at an tdh ot t hr ou Ighout ch apt er oot , peek e 10 - 6pin if yg,out r ace, m ustsh , and ix any issu es is her t ime. t r ent oub leshoot t ools an d u t ilit ies Docum you r fining dings. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Figu r e 1 0 -6 . Tr oub le Tick et 3 O SPF

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

[ View full size im age]

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

NO TE

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools d in u tgilit Itfr oub you leshoot h ave ping rob lem s pan ast inies t he con figu rat ion s, you m ay need t o ad just t he op t ions such as t he Line Send Delay in y our t er m inal p r ogr am. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use t he f ollow ing not es t o m ake su re you f ound and f ix ed all t he issues I plan ned f or t h e OSPF Tr ouble Tick et . ( Ther e m ay be ot h er s, t oo, b ut you 'll n eed t o f ind t hem as y ou go along. ) " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es host a i ssue s: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat addr encapsulat Wr ong subn etion, m ask ofessing 255 .2,55. 25 5. 25 2.ion, Youand m aymor note hav e had t h is pr oblem , but you can conf ig ur e it t o observ e t h e r esult s. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ments:s du ck env ( r1iron ) issue Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco(Mu r) ltI nt er net w ork Trou in gar( CI T) t op icsed t hat r ep( You are yneed ou for ip le OSPF r out ing bleshoot pr ocesses e not need h erpe. t o t rhe ed CCNP ist r ibu t e if you leave Tr oubleshoot ing you exam Fullcomp of prlet act icalsep exarat er cises t h ing at gpr et ocesses. y ou r eady f or challenges on net t hemj ob, t his u nless w.ant ely e r out ) OSPF 2 uses a sub ask CCNPr Pr act ical St a udwies: Tr oublesh in gengding ives on y ouyou anr edg t het he comI OS pet it hr ough r eal-t his at her t h an ild car d m ask.oot D ep I OSe vov erer sion, mion ay taut ocor rect w or ldint apoplicat ion ofd LAN a w ildcar m askand . WAN t op ics. CCNPMy Pr act ud fies: ooteintgh ep rr ovides y ou w2itconf h p ract inf or mat ion on in tical en t St w as or yTr ououblesh t o r emov out er OSPF ig urical at ion, n ot r edist r ib all ut e.t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Missin g n et wor k 1 72. 16 . 1. 0 st at em ent under OSPF 1, so you can' t r each t h e t w o 6 4 k bp s link s bet w een goose an d sw an. he ron ( r2 ) i ssue s: Passw or d r ecov er y . • •

of Content Clock onTable s0 an d s1. s I ndex

back 10es: adm inistshoot r at ively CCNP PLoop ra cti cal St udi Tr ouble ing

shut dow n .

By Donna L. Har rington

No I P su bnet zer o.

PubOSPF lish er: conf Cisco igur Pressat ion. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

goose I SBN: ( r3 ) 1-i ssue s:57 -0 58 720 -0 Pages: 84 0

Speed on f a2/ 0. Du plex on f a2/ 0 . The listforshtould blockTrhost a an d h ing ost cexam fr om w t elnet t ing I tP, o kn appsnar r ow ev er, Hand son access pr act ice he CCNP oubleshoot it h TCP/ LAN, an d W ANs.t rHow ouble ping an d HTTP should st ill w ork . t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ar e only de ny st at em ent s in t he access list . Ever y ACL needs at least one pe rm i t Wit h tTher his beook, you can: st at ement . The sh ould bewinbou nd w onorgoose / 0. ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Set uaccess p an d list f ollow along it h realld lab fa2 scenar w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ospre y ( r 4 ) i ssue s: Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k II ncor ost n amoot e ( ing egr et at her t han pin ospr . dent rect if y t rhoublesh t arrget s using g,ey) t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies OSPF w as in cor r ect ly conf igur ed for ar ea 2 . Just becau se t he du ck rou t er has a rou t e t o t he ospr eyose rouand t er doesn 't moot ean act t h at ey has a r fetollow u r n ing t r ip along back tw o itduck Diagn t r oublesh u alospr pr oblem s by h aut. h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g cra b ( r5 ) issues: Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s The emt oent fornin 0 es . 0. 0. 0 255 .2 55. 25 5. 255 is set t o ar ea 0. I t should be " SnifOSPF f" t he st wat ir e sp ot ettwerf oraces k issu ar ea 1, but t his incor r ect OSPF st at ement causes a nice v irt ual link r em in der on t he cr ab rAnaly out erze . local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, sw a naut ( r6 i ssue s:ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e o )negot iat App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Ther e ar e indiv idual OSPF st at ement s for t he int er faces, but t her e is an incorr ect ad dr ess env iron ment s on t he last one. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on che sa pe ak e ba y ( s1 ) issu es: Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNPPor Pr act ical St ud ly ies:setTrtoublesh t s incor rect o VLAN oot 1 0.in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. VTP m od e w as set t o t ran sp arent w it h a VTP dom ain n ame of t t 3. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im t ant cons cep t rals:t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g k e por nt na rr ow ( s2t s) cen i ssue

Speed on f a0/ 12 . I f you n eed assist ance w it h t est ing an d f inding t h e issues, t h e file t t 3 t est in g m ay h elp ; I h ave ann ot at ed it in sev er al p laces t o help y ou und er st and som e of t he issues. The f un of all t his is if y ou d id n ot f ind all t he issues in one Tr oub le Tick et , t hey m ay st ill be t here w ait ing f or y ou in t h e nex t on e. On t he ot h er hand , if you ar e t ot ally f ru st r at ed, you can past e in t he n ecessar y •por t ions of t he Table Content s igs f ile. t t 3off ix ed conf •

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Next plees: 10Tr- ouble 21 t oshoot answ er t he quest ion ab out t he sw an- t o- g oose t race. CCNP Puse ra ctiEx calam St udi ing By Donna L. Har rington

ExaPubmlishpler:e Cisco 1 0 -2 1 . sw an - t o- goose Tr a ce Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 goose 0 swan#trace

Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to goose (172.16.1.9) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 1 duck (172.16.1.17) msec 4 msec t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern4etmsec w or k 4 Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit2h goose t his b ook, (172.16.1.9) you can: 12 msec *

8 msec

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it houtip t h eospf act ual equip ment swan#show interface Est ablish a baseline and docu ment Serial1 is up, line protocol is upy our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Internet Address 172.16.1.18/29, Area 1 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Process ID and 1, Router Network Type Cost: 64 Diagn ose t r oubleshID oot172.16.3.9, act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing POINT_TO_POINT, along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT, Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Hello due in 00:00:03 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Neighbor cabling, Count sp eed and is 1, du plex Adjacent , u t ilizatneighbor ion and collisions, count is b andw 1 idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.1.1 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s for 0 neighbor(s) Suppress hello Desig ned is for up, aspir line ing CCNP and CCI E( r) Serial2 protocol is uppr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam . 172.16.1.26/29, Full of pr act ical ex er cises1t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Internet ing Address Area CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat LAN andIDWAN t op ics. Process IDion 1,ofRouter 172.16.3.9, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1562 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: oot in gPOINT_TO_POINT, p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Transmit Delay is Tr 1 oublesh sec, State im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:00 Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.1.41 • •

Table of Content s

Suppress I hello for 0 neighbor(s) ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Serial3 is up, line protocol is up By Donna L. Har rington

Internet Address 172.16.1.34/29, Area 1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Process ID 01, Router ID 172.16.3.9, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1562 Pub Dat e: April 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Transmit is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT, Pages: 84 Delay 0 Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:03 Hand s- on pr act ice forist he Tr oubleshoot ing exam it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Neighbor Count 1,CCNP Adjacent neighbor countwis 1 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.1.41 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or swan#!!!compare costsment to the bandwidths w it hout t h e actthe ual equip Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Com par t r oub e y leshoot our final ingsav t ools ed f an ixed d uconfig t ilit iesur at ions t o t he t t 3 f ix ed conf igs f ile. Com par e y our up dat ed dr aw ing t o Figur e 10 - 6. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

NO TE

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es On t he pr act ical side of t hings, y ou m ay consid er br eak ing up OSPF area 1 int o t w o Analy zee local and ot epaccess oblem s in eEt10 hern net16 w or in clud ing be issues w itith sep arat ar eas. Forr em exam le, lookpr ing at Figur - 6,et1 72. .1ks, . 0/ 24 could left as cabling, spar eed du17 plex u t 2. ilizat ioncou and CD, on e- w ay lin k, is in OSPF ea and 1 and 2.,16. 0 / 24 ld collisions, easily be itbsandw ow n idt ar h, ea CSMA/ 2. aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ironions ment Con grenv at ulat arse m ost d ef init ely in or der f or com plet in g t his Tr ouble Tick et . Mov e along t o t h e nex t or sav e t h e ch alleng e for anot her d ay. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 4 RIP/OSPF/EIGRP Redistribution Lab Redist r ibut ion is t r oub le in it self , and y ou sh ould never r eally plan t o use it per man en t ly. How ev er , ever yon e does. I t is a quick w ay t o get m ult ip le rou t ing pr ot ocols t alking an d also a qu ick w ay t o insert r out ing loops or feedback w it hou t t h e pr oper f ilt er ing. Prefer ably , if you m ust •r ed ist r ibu t e yTable of Content s r ib ut e in one direct ion and use st at ic or def ault r out es in t h e ot her ou shou ld r edist •inst ead of m uI ndex t ually r ed ist r ibu t in g. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Past e inL.t he igur at ion ch anges f r om m y t t 4 t r oub led con figs f ile t o g et st ar t ed . I n t his By Donna Harconf rington Tr ouble Tick et , t he r out in g p r ot ocol ch anges on ce ag ain. Use Figur e 10 - 7 as a gu ide t o un derst an d t h e r out ing dom ains so t hat y ou can shoot t he t r oub les w it h Tr ouble Tick et 10 - 4. As Pub lish er: Cisco Press y ou can see in Ex am ple 10 - 22, a sy slog ser ver w as r un ning w hen som e of t h e issu es occur r ed . Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Exa mPages: pl e 84100 -2 2 . Sy sl og O ut pu t

Jul 31 19:22:08 local Listening for Syslog messages on IP address: 172.16.1.42 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket31 s b 19:23:23 ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or125: k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Jul 172.16.1.41 Jul 31 07:23:47.352: Wit h Line t his b protocol ook, you can: on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down Jul 31 19:23:25 172.16.1.41 126: Jul 31 07:23:49.076: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Jul 31 19:23:25 172.16.1.41 127: Jul 31 07:23:50.076: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Line protocol Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up t r oub leshoot ing ton ools an d u t ilit ies Jul 31 19:23:36 128: Jul 31 s07:24:00.456: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Diagn ose and 172.16.1.41 t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Process 1, Nbr 172.16.1.1 on Serial0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Jul 31 19:23:53 172.16.1.41 129: Jul 31 07:24:17.376: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed10.10.10.1 and du plex , 64: u t ilizat ion31 and07:25:48.218: collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Jul 31 19:25:27 Jul %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Configured from console by console App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env19:26:07 iron ment s 172.16.2.2 34: Jul 31 07:26:31.402: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: Jul 31 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on IP-EIGRP 10: Neighbor 172.16.2.10 (Serial0) is down: interface passive Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Jul 31 19:26:18 172.16.2.10 37: Jul 31 07:26:42.003: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. IP-EIGRP 10: Neighbor 172.16.2.9 (Serial0) is down: holding time expired CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Jul 31 19:36:04 172.16.1.41 130: .Jul 31 07:36:28.471: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Configured from console by console

Figu r e 1 0 -7 . Tr oub le Tick et 4 RI P/ OSPF/ EI GRP Re dist r i but ion •

Table of Content s

•

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

[ View full size im age]

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es On ce u pon a t im e ev er y t hing w as w or k in g, b ut not an ym or e. Look at Ex am ple 10 - 22 t o help Analy local and r em ot e sw access pr er oblem s in use Et hern net we or ks, incir clud it h det er min e ze w hat is wr ong . The an r out should t h eetFram Relay cu ing it t oissues get t o wt he cabling, eed and du plex u t ilizat ion and collisions, andw idt er h, CSMA/ w ay lin k, Ex t ended I nt erspior Gat ew ay Prot,ocol ( EI GRP) dom ain. Th e bcrab r out shou ld CD, u se on t hee-Fr ame o negot addr essing , encapsulat mor e essed all t he issues, cop y y our Relayaut circuit t o giat et ion, t o t he OSPF dom ain . Wh enion, y ouand h ave addr w or king conf igur at ions t o t h e TFTP ser v er . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Trouble Ticket 4 CCNP RIP/OSPF/EIGRP Redistribution Lab Solution Desig ned for aspir ing and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot inge exam . Full act ical exion er cises h at frgom et ym ouy rt eady f or led challenges he jtob, You should hav past ed in t hofe pr config ur at chan tges t 4 t r oub con figs f on ile. tFix he CCNP ical St ud Tr oublesh ootUse in g tghe ives y ouing an list edgteo ov petfou it ion ough r ealissu es Pr anact d docum enies: t y our find in gs. f ollow m er aket he surcom e y ou ndt hr and fix ed all or ld ap plicat ionned. of LAN ics.s, t oo. twhe issues I p lan Th erand e mWAN ay b et op ot her CCNP ical Sts: ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e du ck (Prr1act ) issue im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Aliases w er e set for t he show com m and ( and it s shor t cut s) t o " n ot . t his.t im e. " How ever , y ou can use w ri t e t e rm in al in place of show r un t o see and ch ange t he alias com man ds. RI P is only sen ding v er sion 1 , w hich doesn 't und er st and discont igu ous subn et s. Net w ork 10. 10 .1 0. 0 adv er t ised in bot h RI P and OSPF and r edist rib ut ed. • •

Rou t e filt er inofg.Content s Table I ndex

10Trnot needed. CCNP PRou ra ctit er cal OSPF St udi es: ouble shoot ing By Donna Har En L. cap surington lat ion

m ismat ch on s0.

he ron ( r2 i ssue s: Pub lish er:) Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Passiv e int er face on s0 under EI GRP. Pages: 84 0

The EI GRP ip sum m ar y- ad dre ss st at em ent gives t h e same ef fect as t h e defau lt a ut osum m a r y f eat ur e. I ncor rect sub net m ask on e0 . Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble goose ( r3 ) issue s: t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h tPassw his b ook, or d ryou ecovcan: er y . OSPF is b rok en aft er t h e passwor d r ecov er y . You had t o br ing t he in t er f aces up , t oo, Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or because t hey w er e all in a shut d ow n st at e. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Du plicat e I P w it h h ost c. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ospre y ( r 4 ) i ssue s: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Du plicat e MAC w it h host b . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ( r ) OS sw a nCat ( r6aly ) istssue s: and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s The d ef ault rou t e is 0. 0 .0 .0 2 55. 25 5. 255 . 255 r at her t h an 0 .0 . 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es che sa pe ak e ba y ( s1 ) issu es: Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut oule Mod negot 2 isiat inion, a shut addr d own essing st at , encapsulat e. ion, and mor e Com par App e lyy our a lay final er edsav t rou ed blesh f ixedoot config ing met ur athions odology t o t het ot tr4ealf ix life ed conf rou tigs ingf ile. and Add swit any chin add g it ional not esenv t o yiron ourment dr awsing and / or t ables. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 5 Frame Relay/ISDN Backup Lab On t he WAN y ou are in t er f acin g w it h ser v ice pr ovid er s no m at t er w hat ser v ice y ou use. When it is cr it ical t h at r em ot e off ices com m unicat e w it h headqu art er s or each ot her , nor m ally som e t y pe of aut om at ic f ailover is in place unt il t he n et w or k r ecov er s. Redund ancy is one t hing; pr oblem •diagn osis is anot Tableher of Content s . •

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CCNP P ra ctiyou cal St Tr ouble Sup pose g udi et es: a call f romshoot a uing ser ind icat in g t h at " t hings are slow . " Slow com par ed t o w hat ? I s tBy he und er ly in g cau se a t hr oug hpu t issue or t h at of r esp onse t im e. A lar ge f ile t ran sf er w ill be Donna L. Har rington limit ed by b andw idt h, f or exam ple, w her eas a t r ansact ion pr ocessin g sy st em will b e limit ed by lat ency ( lot s of end- t o- en d t rips) . Ult im at ely , y ou m ust char act erize w h et h er you ar e dealing Pub lish er: Cisco Press w it h a user com plaint or an applicat ion r equir em en t . To d o t h at , it is im por t an t t o un derst and Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 t he Pub behav ior of t he ap plicat ion and t h e pr ot ocol st ack fr om end t o en d. I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

This isPages: n ot int 84 0en ded t o be a design book , bu t int er net w or ks clear ly operat e mor e eff icient ly if t hey ar e d esigned w ell. My point is t hat y our issu es on t he WAN may n ot j ust be conf ig ur at ionor ien t ed . Finding f ault s and u nder st an ding w hy t hey occur r ed m ay m ean you hav e p er f orm ance issu es t hat t raf fic shar ing and q ualit y of ser v ice ( QoS) can assist w it h or y ou m ay in f act need m or e band w id t h. Many t im es w e t hink band wid t h solv es all, wh en in fact it doesn' t shr ink geogr aph e beyTr ond t he scope t h e book ut are ecom an ingd m e and m ore Hand son y.prThese act ice issues for t hearCCNP oubleshoot ingofexam w it hbTCP/ I P,b LAN, Wor AN t r ouble im por t ant in ev er y day n et w or k sup por t . En su r e you p rop er ly design you r net w or ks t o b eg in w it h t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. and t h at y ou are pr ep ared t o su ppor t t hem w it h t he r ight t ools in you r t ool b ag. Wit h t his b ook, you can: I n t his Tr ouble Tick et , you m ust play t he role of t h e end user and t he ser vice pr ov ider and t ak e care of all issues. Verif y t hat Fram e Relay is w or k ing and using t he I SDN lin k for a back up. St ar t y our tSet est ing w itdhf h ost a along and w w oritkhyrealour wway ar lab oun scenar d t o host t o sp ot ttoh eeach issuex esam t o dr aw ouit hcloser u p an ollow or ld iosbaligned t op ic,yw or t o t hewriteal pr oblem ar eas. hout t h e act ual equip ment The pEst hy sical d ev and w ir esdocu hav ment e not ychang edysical , bu t and t h e logical ablish a ices baseline and our ph logical tnopolog et w or ky has b een adju st ed som ew hat . Up dat e y our dr aw in g as per Figur e 10 - 8 af t er y ou d iscov er t he n ew ch anges. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies DiagnFigu ose and oot act u pr oblem h aut hBa or-ck p r ovided r e t1r oublesh 0 -8 . Tr oub leal Tick et s5 byFrf ollow a m eing Realong la y / wI itSDN up Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem -[isolat ionsize m et View full imhods age] t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it t h epact ual equip ment The sw anhout k eeps assing pack et s t o t he du ck rou t er t o g et t o kent n arr ow s. I w ant y ou t o assum e t he T1 b et ween sw an and du ck is quit e sat u rat ed, how ever . Send all pack et s fr om sw an t o Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k k en t nar r ow s and it s host s b y w ay of t he g oose rou t er. Likew ise, packet s com ing fr om h ost a and host b should not go t hr oug h t h e chesap eak ebay sw it ch t o get t o t h e sw an r out er . I n addit ion, I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her chesap eak ebay shou ld t ak e t h e shor t est r out e t o t he h ost s. t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Con gr at ulat e y our self w hen y ou can successf ully console and t elnet t o k en t nar row s, Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided chesap eak ebay , and k nap psnar row s f r om host a. A cur rent syslog capt ur e d isplay is in Ex am ple Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 10 - 23 if it can b e of any help. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Exa m " Snif pl ef" t1he 0 -2 w ir3e. t oTrspou ot ble n et wTi or kck issu e t es5 Syslog Ca pt ur e Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 13:37:41 o negot iat ion, addrListening essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e on IP address: Aug 01 local for Syslog messages App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g 172.16.1.42 env iron ment s Aug 01 13:38:45 172.16.2.9 58: Aug 1 01:39:09.524: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Configured from console by console Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealAug 01 13:40:34 172.16.1.41 82: Aug 1 01:40:59.069: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. from console console CCNPConfigured Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh by oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Aug 01 13:41:53 172.16.1.18 136: Aug

1 01:42:17.984: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I:

Configured from console by console Aug 01 13:42:25 172.16.1.18 137: Aug

1 01:42:46.992: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I:

Configured from console by console •

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Aug 01 13:44:59 172.16.3.10 68: Aug

1 01:45:24.693: %LINK-3-UPDOWN:

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down

By Donna L. Har rington

Aug 01 13:44:59 172.16.3.10 69: Aug

1 01:45:24.725: %LINK-3-UPDOWN:

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Interface BRI0:2, Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

changed state to down

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Aug 01 13:44:59 172.16.3.10 70: Aug Pages: 84 0

1 01:45:24.817: %LINK-3-UPDOWN:

Interface BRI0, changed state to up Aug 01 13:45:00 172.16.3.10 71: Aug

1 01:45:25.029: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP:

HandLayer s- on pr2actfor ice for t he CCNPBR0, Tr oubleshoot exam wto it h TCP/ Interface TEI 102ing changed up I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Aug 01 13:45:00 172.16.3.10 72: Aug 1 01:45:25.201: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: Wit h t his b ook, you can: Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 103 changed to up Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Aug 01 13:45:23 172.16.3.10 73: Aug 1 01:45:48.729: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 102 downn et w or k Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph changed ysical andto logical Aug 01 13:45:23 172.16.3.10 74: Aug pin 1 g, 01:45:48.733: %ISDN-6-LAYER2DOWN: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Layer 2 for Interface BRI0, TEI 103 changed to down Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Aug 01 75: Aug Cat13:45:23 aly st ( r ) OS172.16.3.10 and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar1e 01:45:48.773: com m and inp ut , %LINK-5-CHANGED: ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ctBRI0, or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods Interface changed state to standby modet o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir 172.16.3.10 e t o sp ot n et w or k issu Aug 01 13:45:23 76: Auges 1 01:45:48.805: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Analy ze local and r emchanged ot e access pr oblem in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Interface BRI0:1, state to sdown cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 13:45:24 o negot iat ion, addr essing 77: , encapsulat and mor e Aug 01 172.16.3.10 Aug 1 ion, 01:45:48.837: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down env iron ment s Aug 01 13:46:00 172.16.3.10 78: Aug 1 01:46:24.885: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Configured from console by console Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealAug 01 13:47:27 172.16.3.10 80: Aug 1 01:47:51.733: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. - DLCI oot 600 changed CCNPInterface Pr act ical StSerial1 ud ies: Tr oublesh in gstate p r ovides y ou w itto h p ACTIVE ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Aug 01 13:47:27 172.16.3.10 81: Aug

1 01:47:51.733: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:

Line protocol on Interface Serial1.500, changed state to up Aug 01 13:47:48 172.16.3.10 87: Aug

1 01:48:13.345: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I:

Configured from console by console •

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Aug 01 13:50:16 172.16.3.10 88: Aug

1 01:50:38.612: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I:

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Configured from console by console

By Donna L. Har rington

Aug 01 13:58:38 172.16.1.18 138: Aug

1 01:59:00.391: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I:

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Configured Pub Dat e: April 0 4, from 20 03

console by console

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Aug 01 14:00:25 172.16.3.10 89: Aug Pages: 84 0

1 02:00:49.985: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE:

Interface Serial1 - DLCI 500 state changed to DELETED Aug 01 14:00:36 172.16.1.18 139: Aug

1 02:01:00.914: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE:

HandInterface s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot exam wto it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Serial0 - DLCI 600 stateing changed INACTIVE t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Aug 01 14:00:36 172.16.1.18 140: Aug 1 02:01:00.914: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Wit h t his b ook, you can: Line protocol on Interface Serial0.600, changed state to down Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Aug 01 14:00:45 172.16.1.18 141: Aug 1 02:01:11.014: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Interface BRI0:1, and changed state tophdown Est ablish a baseline docu ment y our ysical and logical n et w or k Aug 01 14:00:45 172.16.1.18 142: Aug pin1g,02:01:11.046: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Aug 01 143: Aug 02:01:11.134: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Cat14:00:45 aly st ( r ) OS172.16.1.18 and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e1 com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ctBRI0, or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface changed state to up " Snif f" t he w ir 172.16.1.18 e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Aug 01 14:00:46 144: Aug

1 02:01:11.358: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP:

Analy ze2 local r em ot e access pr oblem in Et hernto et net Layer for and Interface BR0, TEI 104 schanged up w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut 14:00:46 o negot iat ion, addr essing 145: , encapsulat ion, and mor e Aug 01 172.16.1.18 Aug 1 02:01:11.522: %ISDN-6-LAYER2UP: App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Layer 2 for Interface BR0, TEI 105 changed to up env iron ment s Aug 01 14:01:36 172.16.1.18 146: Aug 1 02:02:00.903: %FR-5-DLCICHANGE: Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Interface Serial0 - DLCI 600 state changed to DELETED Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealAug 01 14:01:36 172.16.1.18 147: Aug 1 02:02:01.899: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. onTrInterface Serial0, changed to inf down CCNPLine Pr actprotocol ical St ud ies: oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it hstate p ract ical or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

NO TE At t his poin t , y ou shou ld b e pu t t ing t o p ract ice m any of t h e Cat OS/ I OS comm an ds y ou Table s hav e w or ked ofw Content it h t hr ough out t he b ook. Once again, you r solut ion sh ould not just be t o • com par eI ndex r unnin g conf igur at ions, b ut rat her use a met hod ical plan. Use t he d ivide- an dCCNP conqu P ra cti cal er Stlay udier es: edTrapp ouble roach shoot ing and pr act ice com m and s such as pi ng, t ra ce , show , cle a r, and de bug . By Donna L. Har rington •

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Trouble 5-0Frame Relay/ISDN Backup Lab Solution I SBN: Ticket 1- 58 720 -0 57 Pages: 84 0

Use t he f ollow ing list t o mak e sur e y ou fou nd and fix ed all t he issu es I plann ed . Ther e m ay be ot her s, t oo. he ron ( r2 ) i ssue s: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket The s b ased Cisco I n t ern k Tr oub no iponspli t - h oriz onetstwatorem ent onleshoot s1. in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his you goose ( r3b )ook, i ssue s: can: Set uneed p an dt of ollow along w it hcost real-st wat orem ld lab aligned You add an ip ospf ent scenar t o int erios face s0/ 2 . t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment The access list is pr ev ent ing host a fr om t elnet t ing t o kn appsnar r ow s. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k cra b ( r5 ) issues: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies The ba ck up int e rf a ce com m and w as on t he m ain s1 in t er f ace r at h er t han t he Diagntose subin er f ace. and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g I SDN sw it ch t yp e on in t er f ace. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Dat a- link con nect ion ident if ier s ( D LCI s) . " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Missin g ser vice pr of ile id en t ifier ( SPI D) . Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h sw a ncabling, ( r6 ) i ssue s: and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, sp eed aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e User e st . App lynam a lay erat edement t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Aut h en t icat ion w as Passw ord Aut hent icat ion Pr ot ocol ( PAP) r at her t han Ch alleng e sh ake Au t hent icatand ion Prot ( CHAP) . DesigHand ned for aspir ing CCNP CCI ocol E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Fram e Relay com.prFull ession. Tr oubleshoot ing exam of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDLCI s. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Missin g di al e r- g roup st at em ent , so no int er est in g t raf fic w as d ef ined. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ip ospf cost st at em ent is t oo hig h of a cost . fe rr y ( r7 ) f ra m e sw i t ch i ssue s: I ncor rect f r ame DCE st at em ent on s0 . Rou t e st at ement s. •

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che sa pe ak eIba y ( s1 ) issu es: • ndex CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Passw or d r ecov er y .

k e nt Pub na lish rrer: ow Cisco s ( s2 Press ) i ssue s: Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Passw or d r ecov er y f or secr et an d t elnet passw or ds. Pages: 84 0

When y ou can successfully console t o all devices and t elnet t o kent nar row s, chesapeakebay , an d k napp sn arr ow s f r om host a, cong rat u lat ions ar e in ord er . Rem em ber t o mak e sur e t h e ot her init ial r equir ement s ar e operat ion al, t oo. Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h NO t his TE b ook, you can: I r ealize t hat you ar e used t o t elnet t ing fr om on e dev ice t o anot h er , b ut par t of t h e rSet eq uir u pem anent d f ollow for t healong r emainin w it h grealTr ouwble or ldTick labetscenar s is f orios y ou aligned t o console t o each dir ex ectam ly t toop devices ic, w it h or as w itwhout ell. Please t h e actdo ualt hat equip t oment mak e sur e y ou find all t h e issues I in t ended. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent y t rfinal oublesh get s using pintg, r ace, clearigs , debu an any d ot her Com par e yifour sav oot ed ing f ixedt arconfig ur at ions o t he t t 5 sh f ixow ed, conf f ile. g, Add add it ional leshoot u t ilit ies not est rt ooub y our dr awing ingt ools and an t abdles. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Trouble Ticket 6 VLAN and Spanning-Tree Lab Just as loops can occu r in t he up per layer s because of m ut u al r ed ist r ibu t ion an d im pr oper filt er ing, t hey can also occur at Lay er 2. Back in Ch apt ers 6 an d 7 I sp en t som e t im e on t he Span ning Tr ee Pr ot ocol ( STP) . STP assist s wit h b ridg e/ sw it ch loop s and it is nor mally n ot t h e •best p ract iceTable of Content t o just t ur n its of f. As a m at t er of fact , Cisco perf or ms a per - VLAN STP. VLANs h elp •y ou segm ent I ndex you r br oadcast d omain s and use a lesser n um ber of r out er s w hile doing so. CCNP P ra es:desig Tr ouble shoot How ev ercti , cal t heStidudi eal n is st illingh ier ar ch ical in nat ur e. By Donna L. Har rington

I n t his Tr ouble Tick et , you ar e j ust st ar t ing t o im p lem ent VLANs and ar e t hink ing abou t up gr ading y our 1 900 sw it ch . For now , k nap psnar row s and host b are bot h in t he def ault VLAN 1, Pub lish er: Cisco Press w hich requ ir es no config ur at ion on t h e 190 0 on y our par t ex cept for m anagem en t I P ad dr essing. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 720oub -0 57le -0 Tick et 6 y ou n eed t o m ak e a min or phy sical ch ange t o t h e t opology by To p r epI SBN: are f1-or58 Tr shut t inPages: g dow 84n0 t he e0/ 0 int er face on t he osp rey r out er an d p ort 12 on t he kn appsnar r ow s swit ch. Alt er nat iv ely , ju st r em ov e t he cab le b et w een t hem . Tw o addit ional con nect ion s ar e r eq uir ed bet w een k ent nar r ow s and k napp sn arr ow s as sh own in Figur e 10 - 9.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 0 -9 Tickinetg (1CI0T)- 6t opics. VLAN s a nd STP t icket s b ased onFigu Ciscor Ien t1 ern et w. orTr k oub Tr ouble leshoot Wit h t his b ook, you can: [ View full size im age]

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e St t yt ant our con t estcep ing t sf r cen om thost k t ow ar d an y m ajor can su ccessf ullyintgeln et imar por ral tao tt oh ew tor r oubleshoot ing por t ionissues. of t he When CCNP you cer t ificat ion, includ

t o kent n arr ow s, chesapeakebay , an d k nap psnar r ows fr om host a, host b, an d h ost c, t hat is defin it ely an accomp lishm ent . You h ave finished t he labs w h en y ou can console dir ect ly in t o t h e dev ices and copy t he conf ig ur at ions t o t he TFTP ser ver .

Trouble Ticket 6 VLAN and Spanning-Tree Lab Solution •Use t he f ollow Table s e sur e y ou fou nd and fix ed all t he issu es I plann ed . Obv iously t her e ing of listContent t o mak •m ay hav e been I ndex ot hers, t oo. CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Gene r alL. i Har ssue s: By Donna rington PubPhy lish er: Cisco yPress sically ou need

t w o cr ossov er cables bet w een t he t w o sw it ch es for r edun dancy .

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Host s t1-ables. I SBN: 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Lef t over s fr om p r ev ious Tr oub le Tick et s. goose ( r3 ) i ssue s: Con speed t o CCNP 24 00. Tr Chan ge y ouring t er exam m inal w pritog ram set ing s or o ch ange it Hand sonsole pr act ice forsett he oubleshoot h TCP/ I P, t LAN, antdelnet W ANint rtouble t o ton he Cisco 9 600 Idef aultet. w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. t icket back s b ased n t ern adm inist iv ely sh ut dow n. Wit h tfa2 his/ 0b ook, you rat can: fa2 / 0 sp eed. Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or fa2 / 0 dup . ual equip ment w it hout t hlex e act k e nt na ow s (as2 ) i ssue and s: docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Estrr ablish baseline I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her fa0 / 12leshoot is m issing t h e an swdi tuchpor t r oub ing t ools t ilit iest m ode t r unk st at em ent for k ent nar r ow s. Use t h e show in t er fa ces f a 0 / 1 2 sw i t chport com m and t o ver if y . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided No d efst ault ay.Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Cat aly ( r ) gat OSew and VLAN1 be p1rob 72.lem 1 6. 1. 42/ 29. Use in stadd r u ctress or - dshould ev elop ed - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s fa0 / 12 " Snif f" tspeed he w ir. e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es fa0 / 12zedu plex and . Analy local r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, No on iat VLAN1, so wessing hat w,illencapsulat t ak e car e ion, of t he Lay er e2 r edun dancy bet w een k ent nar r ow s aut oSTP negot ion, addr and mor and k napp sn ar row s? Tu r n it back on w it h t he spa nni ng- t re e vl a n 1 com m and. App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Com par y our final enveiron ment s sav ed f ixed config ur at ions t o t he t t 6 f ix ed conf igs f ile. Add any add it ional not es t o y our dr aw ing and t ab les. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Now y ou havweork comp letbleshoot ed t heseinchallen Tr ouble et s, ygou o back an dCCNP r ev iew all you r Cisco(t hr)atI nt er net Trou g ( CI T)ging t op ics t hat pTick r ep are for t he docum ent at ion . I hig hly r ecom m en d y ou pr int t he sup por t ing files for t his chapt er and swjim Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t "he ob," tCCNP hr ou gh t he Tr oub le Tick et s once again . Pr act ice m ak es perf ect . Shoot ing int er net w ork ing Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealtwr or oub is n otion j ustofsom hingWAN y ou can pick up a book on and exp ect t o b e su ccessf ul. To ld les ap plicat LANetand t op ics. allev iat e y our f ears, y ou m ust p ut y our t heor y t o p ract ical use. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Review Questions Use t his chapt er an d y our pr act ical t rou blesh oot ing kn ow ledg e and skills t o answ er t he f ollow ing qu est ions. Th e answ er s ar e locat ed in App en dix A, " An sw er s t o Rev iew Qu est ions. " •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

: ra cti The ollow inTr g ouble ou t pu t w as CCNP1 P cal fSt udi es: shoot ing capt u red

du rin g Tr oub le Tick et 6 . Why is f a0/ 9 in a b lock ing st at e

By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

kentnarrows#show spanning-tree vlan 1 Spanning tree 1 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree protocol Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8484 Wit h t his b ook, you can: Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 root hasw it priority address 0090.922a.7680 Set u pCurrent an d f ollow along h real- w or32768, ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Root port is 24, cost of root path is 19 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set, changes 1 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot t ools 1, an dtopology u t ilit ies change 35, notification 2 Times:inghold Diagn ose and t rhello oublesh2, ootmax act uage al pr20, oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided forward delay 15 Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface Fa0/1 (port 13) in Spanning tree 1 is down " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Port priority 128 et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Analy zePort localpath and r cost em ot e100, access pr oblem s in Et hern cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Designated root has priority ion, 32768, address 0090.922a.7680 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat and mor e priority 32768, 00d0.7968.8484 App ly aDesignated lay er ed t roubridge blesh oothas ing met h odology t o r eal-address life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Designated port is 13, path cost 19 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Timers: age in0, delay 0 for t he CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork message Trou bleshoot g ( forward CI T) t op ics t hat p0, r ephold are y ou Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, BPDU: received CCNP Pr act ical St udsent ies: Tr0, oublesh oot in g0g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Interface Fa0/2 (port 14) in Spanning tree 1 is down CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t path s cen t cost ral t o t100, h e t r oubleshoot ing por128 t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g Port Port priority

Designated root has priority 32768, address 0090.922a.7680 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8484 Designated port is 14, path cost 19 Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 • •

Table of Content s I ndex sent 0, received 0 BPDU:

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L.Interface Har rington

Fa0/3 (port 15) in Spanning tree 1 is down

PortPress path Pub lish er: Cisco

cost 100, Port priority 128

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Designated root has priority 32768, address 0090.922a.7680

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8484 Designated port is 15, path cost 19

Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b asedBPDU: on Cisco sent I n t0, ern et received w or k Tr oub 0 leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t hisInterface b ook, you can: Fa0/4 (port 16) in Spanning tree 1 is down Port path cost 100, Port priority 128 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it houtDesignated t h e act ual equip rootment has priority 32768, address 0090.922a.7680 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8484 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Designated is t r oub leshoot ing t oolsport an d u t ilit16, ies path cost 19 Timers: message forward 0,inghold 0 w it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagn ose and t r oublesh ootage act u0, al pr oblem s delay by f ollow along Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g BPDU: sent 0, received 0 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Interface Fa0/5 (port 17) in Spanning tree 1 is down " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Port path cost 100, Port priority 128 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling,Designated sp eed and du plex has , u t ilizat ion and 32768, collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, root priority address 0090.922a.7680 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8484 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env ironDesignated ment s port is 17, path cost 19 Desig ned forTimers: aspir ing message CCNP andage CCI 0, E( r)forward pr of essionals, isp en delayt his 0, ind hold 0 sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshootBPDU: ing exam . Full pr act ical ex sent 0, ofreceived 0 er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld apInterface plicat ion of LAN and(port WAN t19) op ics. Fa0/7 in Spanning tree 1 is down CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Port path cost 100, Port priority 128 im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Designated root has priority 32768, address 0090.922a.7680 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8484 Designated port is 19, path cost 19 Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 • •

Table of Content s

BPDU: I ndex sent 0, received 0

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Interface Fa0/8 (port 20) in Spanning tree 1 is down

By Donna L. Har rington

Port path cost 100, Port priority 128 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Designated

root has priority 32768, address 0090.922a.7680

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Designated Pages: 84 0

bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8484

Designated port is 20, path cost 19 Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble BPDU: sent 0, received 0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Interface Fa0/9 (port 22) in Spanning tree 1 is BLOCKING Wit h t his b ook, you can: Port path cost 19, Port priority 128 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or rootment has priority 32768, address 0090.922a.7680 w it houtDesignated t h e act ual equip Designated priority 32768, 0090.922a.7680 Est ablish a baseline bridge and docuhas ment y our ph ysical andaddress logical n et w or k I dent if yDesignated t r oublesh ootport ing t ar s using g, t r ace, isget27, pathpincost 0 sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Timers: message age 3, forward delay 0, hold 0 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OSsent and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof 333 t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g BPDU: 11, received UseInterface in st r u ct or - dFa0/11 ev elop ed p rob lem ion m et hods t o r1esolv Tr ouble Tick et s (port 24)- isolat in Spanning tree is eFORWARDING " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Port path cost 19, Port priority 128 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Designated root has priority 32768, address 0090.922a.7680 cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0090.922a.7680 App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g port is 26, path cost 0 env ironDesignated ment s delayt his 0, ind hold 0 sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned forTimers: aspir ing message CCNP andage CCI 2, E( r)forward pr of essionals, isp en Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP sent 3, ofreceived 346 Tr oubleshootBPDU: ing exam . Full pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealFa0/12 25) w or ld apInterface plicat ion of LAN and (port WAN t op ics.in Spanning tree 1 is FORWARDING Port path cost 19, oot Port 128 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh in g ppriority r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Designated root has priority 32768, address 0090.922a.7680 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 00d0.7968.8484 Designated port is 25, path cost 19 Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 •

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BPDU: sent 345, received 0

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub er: Ciscot hPress 2 : lishUsing e same

dat a in t h e pr eceding qu est ion, w hy ar e f a0/ 6 and fa0 / 10 m issing?

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

3:

While r oub leshoot in g I SBN: 1- 58t720 -0 57 -0

Tr ou ble Tick et 6 , I u nplug ged t he don gle at t ached t o t h e net w or k int er face car d ( NI C) t o see w hich por t t h e host was con nect ed t o. Accor ding t o t he f ollow ing Pages: 84 0 out p ut and Figur e 10 - 9, w hich host d id I perf or m t his on ?

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Setkentnarrows(config)# u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment .Mar 1 03:47:25.507: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/10, Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k changed state to down I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her .Mar 1 ing 03:47:25.735: Line protocol on t r oub leshoot t ools an d u t ilit%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblemchanged s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Interface FastEthernet0/10, state to down Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g .Mar 1 03:47:43.858: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/10, Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s changed state to up " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es .Mar 1 03:47:44.773: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Interface FastEthernet0/10, changed state to up aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

4:

Refer t o t he follow in g out pu t . Ar e t her e any p ot ent ial issu es?

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L.chesapeakebay> Har rington

Port

(enable)show port status

Name

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0-----------------4, 20 03 -----

Status

Vlan

Level

Duplex Speed Type

---------- ---------- ------ ------ ----- ---------

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 1/1

notconnect 1

normal

half

100 100BaseTX

1/2

notconnect 1

normal

half

100 100BaseTX

2/1

disabled

normal

auto

auto 10/100Bas

1

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 2/2 on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub disabled auto auto 10/100Bas t icket s b ased leshoot in g1 ( CI T) t opics.normal Wit h t his b2/3 ook, you can:

disabled

1

normal

auto

auto 10/100Bas

2/4 disabled 1 normal auto auto 10/100Bas Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout 2/5 t h e act ual equip ment disabled 1 normal auto auto 10/100Bas Est ablish y our ph ysical n et w or k 2/6 a baseline and docu ment disabled 1 and logicalnormal

auto

auto 10/100Bas

I dent2/7 if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, , debu g, auto an d ot her disabled 1 sh ow , clear normal auto 10/100Bas t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 2/8 disabled 1 normal auto auto 10/100Bas Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 2/9 disabled 1 normal auto auto 10/100Bas Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 2/10 to hub disabled 1 normal auto auto 10/100Bas " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 2/11 to heron disabled 1 normal auto auto 10/100Bas Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 2/12spto 1 normal cabling, eedduck and du plex , u t ilizatdisabled ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/auto CD, onauto e- w ay10/100Bas lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

5:

What is likely t o be t h e issue wit h t h e follow ing out p ut t hat was cap t ur ed d ur ing Trou ble Ti 4?

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

goose#trace hostc Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Tracing the route to hostc (172.16.1.43)

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 11- 58 720 -0 57 -0 hostc (172.16.1.43)

0 msec

Pages: 84 0

*Mar

1 00:10:20.670: IP: s=172.16.1.43 (local), d=172.16.1.43 (FastEthernet2/0), len 28, sending

1 00:10:20.670: IP: s=172.16.1.43 Hand s- on*Mar pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w (FastEthernet2/0), it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d Wd=172.16.1.43, AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. len 28, rcvd 0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: *Mar 1 00:10:20.670: IP: s=172.16.1.43 (local), d=172.16.1.43 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h realld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or (FastEthernet2/0), lenw or 56, sending w it hout t h e act ual equip ment *Mar 1 00:10:20.670: IP: s=172.16.1.43 (FastEthernet2/0), d=172.16.1.43 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k (FastEthernet2/0), len 56, rcvd 3 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot t ools an d u t ilitIP: ies s=172.16.1.43 (local), d=172.16.1.43 *Mar 1 ing 00:10:20.670: Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided (FastEthernet2/0), len 28, sending Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g *Mar 1 00:10:20.674: IP: s=172.16.1.43 (FastEthernet2/0), d=172.16.1.43, Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s lenw ir28, " Snif f" t he e t orcvd sp ot n0et*w or0k msec issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

6:

Of t en t r ace is v er y m u ch a com plem en t ar y t ool t o ping . What is likely t o be t he issue w it h t follow ing out p ut t hat w as capt ur ed dur ing Tr ouble Tick et 4?

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

swan#trace kentnarrows Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Tracing the route to kentnarrows (172.16.1.45)

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 11- 58 720 -0(172.16.1.17) 57 -0 duck

4 msec 4 msec 4 msec

Pages: 84 0

2 heron (10.10.10.2) 16 msec 12 msec 16 msec 3 crab (172.16.2.10) 16 msec 16 msec 16 msec 4 act swan (172.16.3.9) 12 msec 12 Hand s- on pr ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing msec exam 12 w it msec h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 5 duck (172.16.1.17) 8 msec 12 msec 12 msec Wit h t his b ook, you can: 6 heron (10.10.10.2) 20 msec 20 msec 20 msec Set u p7 an d f ollow along w it h realor ld lab ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or crab (172.16.2.10) 20 wmsec 20 scenar msec 20 msec w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 8 swan (172.16.3.9) 16 msec 16 msec 20 msec Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 9 duck (172.16.1.17) 16 msec 20 msec 16 msec I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub t ools an d u t ilit24 iesmsec 24 msec 28 msec 10leshoot heroning (10.10.10.2) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 11 crab (172.16.2.10) 28 msec 28 msec 28 msec Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 12 swan (172.16.3.9) 24 msec 24 msec 24 msec Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s duck msec " Snif13 f" t he w ir (172.16.1.17) e t o sp ot n et w or k24 issu es 24 msec 20 msec (10.10.10.2) 32prmsec 32et msec Analy14 ze heron local and r em ot e access oblem32 s inmsec Et hern net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, crab (172.16.2.10) 32 msec 32 32 emsec aut o 15 negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion,msec and mor 16a swan (172.16.3.9) 28 met msec 28 msec App ly lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing h odology t o r28 eal-msec life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

7:

Analy ze t he follow in g issue t h at occur r ed du r in g Trou ble Tick et 4 .

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L.osprey#show Har rington

Protocol

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

arp

Address

Age (min)

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Internet 172.16.2.45

202

Hardware Addr

Type

Interface

0090.922a.7680

ARPA

Ethernet0/0

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 Internet

172.16.2.42

0

Incomplete

ARPA

Internet

172.16.2.41

-

0080.c7aa.c887

ARPA

Ethernet0/0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 8 : The sw an ( 25 20) and crab ( 2 516 ) r out er s bot h h ave I SDN BRI p ort s. Ar e t h ey S/ T or U? Wit h t his b ook, you can: 9 : What t ool enab les you t o send t r aps t o a net w ork man agement syst em ? u p anst d eps f ollow along w it h realor ldinlab scenar iosy our aligned o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 1 0 :SetWhat does Cisco r ecom mw end su ppor t ing int ertnet w or k? w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Summary This chap t er off er s y ou an oppor t un it y t o give you rself a comp r eh en siv e, hand s- on r eview of m any of t h e LAN and WAN t op ics d iscussed t h rou ghou t t h is book . This is a good pr e- t est and post - t est ex er cise for sup por t ing int er net w ork s at t he CCNA/ CCNP lev el. I t is n ot an d w as n ot •int end ed t o be Table Content at of t he CCI Eslev el, b ut perh aps CCI Es w ill enj oy relivin g som e issu es t hey hav e •alr ead y sp ot tIed. ndexOn t h e ot her h and, it w asn't int end ed t o giv e you p age- by - page st ep- b y- st ep CCNP P raions cti caleit St udi Tr ouble shoot inst r uct heres: . People lear ning by doing, and t r oublesh oot ing t ak es pr act ice. I t is n ot j ust som et h in you can read and m em or ize. You mu st div ide an d conq uer. Fin ding t he p r oblem you By Donna L. gHar rington ar e t r yin g t o solve is a r eal bat t le. I f you k now you can' t p in g or t r ace fr om or t o a p art icular devPub icelish orer:host , f or inst ance, st art y our t r oub leshoot in g t here. Define t he pr oblem , t h en isolat e, Cisco Press and t h en corr ect . Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

SBN: 1-I58hav 720 e -0 57 -0 if ied m any t ools an d r esour ces along w it h some help ful t r oubleshoot ing I n t his I book ident Pages: 84 0 samp le comm and ou t put s. Pu t t h em t o p ract ical use an d con t in ue t o ident ify new check list s and t r oub leshoot ing t ools t h at h elp y ou w it h y our r eal- w orld pr oblem s. Think m et hod olog y. Lever age off of y our ex per ien ces an d t h e exp er iences of ot hers t o pr osper in t r oubleshoot ing Cisco r out er s and sw it ch es.

Now oront he final you shoot t r ouble d oesw titrou ble sh y ou? Handfspr act icequest for tion…do he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing or exam h TCP/ I P,oot LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Part VI: Appendixes App en dix A An sw er s t o Review Qu est ions • •

App en dix B Tr ou bleshoot in g Resou rces Table of Content s

App en Idix ndexC Equip ment Refer ence

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Appendix A. Answers to Review Questions • •

of Content s Ch apt erTable 1' s Rev iew Quest ion s I ndex

apt erSt2'udi s es: RevTriew Quest CCNP PCh ra cti cal ouble shootion ing s By Donna L. Har rington

Ch apt er 3' s Rev iew Quest ion s

PubCh lishapt er: er Cisco 4' sPress Rev iew

Quest ion s

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Ch apt er 5'720 s Rev I SBN: 1- 58 -0 57iew -0 Quest ion s Pages: 84 0

Ch apt er 6' s Rev iew Quest ion s Ch apt er 7' s Rev iew Quest ion s Ch apt er 8' s Rev iew Quest ion s Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble er on 9' s Cisco Rev iew ion t icket Ch s bapt ased I n tQuest ern et w orsk Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. er 10you 's Rev iew Quest ions Wit h tCh hisapt b ook, can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 1's Review Questions 1:

• • CCNP

The Tr an sp ort Lay er is t he host - t o- host lay er in t he OSI m odel and t he TCP/ I P suit e. Table of Content I t is in - bet w een st he u pper an d low er lay er s an d d ep en ding on t he p rot ocol is I ndexsib le for d eliv er y , er ror det ect ion, and corr ect ion . Descr ibe t he up per layer s r espon P ra cti cal udiOSI es: Tr of tSthe mouble odelshoot and ing includ e ex am ples.

By Donna L. Har rington

A1 :

An sw e r: The u ppe r la ye rs of t he OSI m ode l incl ude t h e fol low in g:

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April L7 0 4, 20 03pli cat i on—Se rv ice Ap

u se a nd a dv er t isem e nt ( fi le a nd pr int ser vi ce s,

I SBN: 1- 58 720 e-m -0 57 ai-0 l) Pages: 84 0

L6 P re se nt a t i on—Tra nsla t i on, e ncry pt i on, a nd com p re ssion ( cha ra ct er code s, publ ic/ pr iv at e k ey , ASCI I , JP EG) L5 Se ssi on—D ia log , session a dm ini st ra t ion, con ne ct i on e st a bli sh m e nt , a nd da t a t ra nsfe r ( N e t BI OS, Sock e t s, dr iv e m ap pin gs) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s2 :b ased onibe Cisco n t ern w or sk of Tr oub in g (and CI T)include t opics. ex am ples. Descr t he Ilow er et layer t he leshoot OSI m odel Wit hA2 t his ook, can: l ow er l ay er s of t he OSI m ode l incl ude t h e fol low in g: : bAn sw you e r: The Set u p an dL3f ollow it h ical real-awdd or re ld ssin lab scenar each, RAR ex amP,tIop ic, ,w it h or N e t walong ork —wLog g a nd ios r oualigned t in g ( I tPo, ARP CMP w it hout t h ae nd act rout ual equip ment e rs) Est ablish aL2baseline docu ysical, and et w aornd k f ra m e f orm a t s D a t a Liand nk — P hyment si ca l yaour ddrph essing m edlogical ia a ccenss, ( Et he rn et , Tok en Ri ng, Fr am e Re la y , a nd sw i t ch es) I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot t ools L1 ing Phy si ca an l —d0 su tailit ndies1 s, ca bli ng, an d si gna li ng ( Ca t e gory 5 , RJ- 4 5 , H SSI , coa x, f ib er , a nd hub s) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 3 : Dr aw a pict ur e show ing t he diff er ences bet w een OSI lay ers an d TCP/ I P lay er s. Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s A3 : An sw e r: Re fe r t o Figu re 1 - 1 6 , Figu re 1 - 1 7 , a nd Figu re 1 - 1 8 for p ict ure s il lut he st rwa ir t ing fewreornce s be " Snif f" e t ot he sp otdif n et k issu est w e e n t he OSI sev e n- l ay e r m od el a nd t he D oD fi v e- la ye r TCP/ I P sui t e. Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h 4 : Ex plain en and capsulat ion, uusin g t he r iat e pr otbocol t ermCD, inolog y.w ay lin k, cabling, sp eed du plex t ilizat ionapp androp collisions, andwdat idtah,unit CSMA/ on eaut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e A4 : An sw e r: For a TCP/ I P - ba sed a ppl icat ion, dat a ge t s en ca psul at ed in a TCP App lyseg a lay m eernted , w t rou h ich blesh ge oot t s en ingcamet psul h odology at e d in taonr ealI P pa lifeckrou e t ,t ing w hiand ch ge swit t schin e nca g psula t e d env iron in ment a n Etshe rne t f ra m e in ord er t o ge t t o t he P hy si cal Lay er b it s f or t ra nsm ission a cr oss t h e m ed ium . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco(5r): I nt net wdeork encapsulat Trou bleshoot g clud ( CI T) ics Layer t hat p2r ep aredsy ou t he CCNP Exerplain ion,inin ingt op how han of f for t o Layer 3 , how Lay er 3 Tr oubleshoot Full of4,prand act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, haning ds exam of f t o .Layer so on. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

A5 :

• •

An sw e r: D e- e nca psul at ion is l ik e op en ing e nv el ope s or pre sen t s. Each la ye r re a ds a nd ca r rie s out t he i nst ru ct i ons f rom i t s pe e r la ye r, discar ds t h e he a der , a nd send s t he p ack e t s up t he st a ck for f urt h er pr oce ssi ng. The P hy si ca l La y er pa sse s bi t s i n f ra m es t o t he D a t a Li nk La ye r. The D at a Lin k La y er use s a t y pe code or SA Pt o det er m i ne w hi ch Lay er 3 pr ot ocol t o ha nd off t o. The N e t w ork Lay e r uses a prot ocol num be r t o p ass t o t he Lay er 4 pr ot ocol . The Tr an sp ort La ye r uses a port num be r t o se nd t o a n upp er - la y er Table Content s a ppl icatofion. I ndex

CCNP P6ra St udi : cti cal What ises: t h Tr e ouble diff ershoot enceing bet w een

a hub , sw it ch , and r out er ?

By Donna L. Har rington

A6 :

An sw e r: A hub is a La ye r 1 de vi ce t hat doe s a bsolut e l y no f il t e rin g ( it sp it s bi t s) . A sw i t ch i s a La ye r 2 de vi ce t ha t can a ssi st w it h coll isions an d m a k e Pub lish er: Cisco Press fi lt e r ing de cision s ba se d on p hy si ca l a ddr esses. A rou t er i s a La y er 3 de vi ce Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 t ha t ca n assist w i t h col li si ons a nd broa dca st s an d ca n m a k e fi lt e ri ng I SBN:de 1-cisions 58 720 -0 57ba -0 se d on l ogi ca l ad dre sse s. A La ye r 3 sw i t ch i s re al ly a rout e r. Pages: 84 0

7:

What is t h e diff er ence bet w een r out ed and r out ing p rot ocols? Giv e ex amp les of each .

A7 :

An sw e r: Rout ing pr ot ocol s e xcha nge rout e s w it h ot h er rou t er s. Exa m pl es ude , RI Tr P ,oubleshoot a nd EI GRP. ou t edwpit rot ocols l iv er et s; t he y Hand s- on in pr cl act iceOSP for tF, heBGP CCNP ingRexam h TCP/ I P,de LAN, anpdack W AN t r ouble sen d u se r da t a. Exa m pl es i nclu de I P a nd I P X . t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. : bDescr ack et f low s t hr oug h r ou t er s. Wit h t8his ook, ibe you pcan: A8 : An sw e r: P ack et fl ow i s an i m p ort a nt con ce pt . Rout e rs ro u t e t o t he Set ude p an d f ollow along w it w or ld laby scenar t op ic, w it h or st ina t i on n et w or k ha realddr ess. The buf fe rios analigned d sw i t cht opaeach ck etex s fam rom t he w it hout t h e act in boun d iual nt e equip rf ace ment t o t he out b ound in t er fa ce w it hi n t he rou t er . P er for m a nce is de fin it e ly af fe ct e d by t h e sw i t ch in g t y pe . Fast sw it ch in g re fe r s t o w he n a Est ablish a baseline ment y our ysical w orakrd a de st in at i on rou t er d oe s a rand out docu e t a bl e look upph f or t he and fi rstlogical pack ent ett ow a nd ca che s it so t ha t i t doesn' t h av e t o pe rfor m a rou t e t a ble look up on I denteifach y t r oublesh ar eget t r ace, sh ow , debu anua d ll otyher an d e voot er ying patck t . s( Iusing m a gipin ne g, t he ov e rhe a d, clear i f a rou t er g, a ct pe rfor m s t r oubaleshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r ou t e t a ble look up on ea ch a nd e ve ry pack e t , w hi ch i s ca l le d p r o ce ss sw i t ch in g a nd is u se d w h en y ou per for m such t a sk s as de bug com m a nds. ) Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided N e w er de v ice s off er Cisco Ex pre ss For w a r din g ( CEF) as a sw it chi ng t y pe , Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g w he re by e ve n t he f ir st pa ck e t ge t s ca che d. R em e m b er t he se im por t a nt poi s:orRout rs ro hop - t oh op,ion a nd rout er tsosw i t ch fr t he Tick inb ound Use in st rnt u ct - d ev e elop edu tperob lem - isolat m et hods r esolv e om Tr ouble et s in t er fa ce t o t h e out bou nd int e r fa ce of t h e rout e r a t Lay er 3 . " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 9 : How can t he OSI m odel assist in t r oub leshoot in g? Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h A9 : An sw e r: The m ode he lps ou tcollisions, a ke a la yebrandw ed, sy a t ic CD, app on roae-ch t o lin k, cabling, sp eed and OSI du plex , u tlilizat ionyand idtst h,em CSMA/ w ay t rou ble shoot i ng. Th e OSI m ode l prov id es ot h er b ene f it s a s w e ll ( such a s aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e in t er - op er abi li t y , st an da rdi za t i on, a nd it en ab le s y ou t o su bdi vi de d ev e lope r App lyt aask lay s er w ed i t hout t rou blesh ha v ing oot ting o al met t erh ot odology h er l ay t oe rrs) eal. For life rou e x am t ingpland e, t hose swit chin m ak g i ng env iron ne tment w ork s int e rf a ce ca rds ( N I Cs) re al ly d on't w an t t o be concer ne d w i t h w h at up per - l ay e r app li ca t i ons a nd prot ocols run ov er t h e ha rdw a re . H ow ev e r, Desig ned for CCNP E( r) pr ind ologi isp en sab le ch lab agsuide b uilds N I Caspir v en ing dors m ustand beCCI concer neof d essionals, w i t h LANt his t echn es su Et he rne t on Cisco( r) I nt w ork in gt (phy CI T)sical t op ics p r ep are (y ca ou ble for and t he CCNP a er ndnet Tok en Trou Ri ngbleshoot an d w ha spet hat cif icat i ons conne ct ors) t o Tr oubleshoot . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, fol ing low exam . CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld LAN st and t op ics. t r ou bleshoot in g m od el? 1 0ap : plicat List ion t he of seven ep sWAN of t he Cisco CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

A1 0 :

An sw e r: The Cisco t r oubl eshoot i ng m odel i s a s fol low s:

1 . D e fin e t he p robl em . 2 . Gat h er t he fa ct s. • •

Table of Content s

3 . Conside r possi bi li t ie s ( ba sed on fa ct s) . I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal4St es:at Treouble ing p la n. . udi Cre a n shoot a ct i on By Donna L. Har rington

5 . I m pl em e nt a ct ion pl an . Pub lish er: Cisco Press

6 . Obse rv e re sult s.

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1-0 57 -0 ent 7 58 . 720 D ocum

t he sol ut ion .

Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 2's Review Questions 1: • •

CD P sen ds an d r eceiv es neig hbor adv er t isem ent s over m ult icast add r ess 01 - 00- 0ccc-Table cc anofd Content uses as pr opr iet ar y HDLC t y pe v alue. CD P m ust r u n on m edia t h at I ndex supp ort s w hat ?

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

A1 :L. Har Anrington sw e r: CDP m ust By Donna 2:

r un on m e di a t ha t sup port s SN A P.

To m at ch up t he follow ing buf fer pools wit h t h e appr opr iat e sizes ( small, m idd le, big, ver y big , larg e, and hug e) , w hat I OS com man d w ou ld y ou use?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

A. 10 4 b yt es B. 60 0 b yt es C. 15 24 by t es Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased D .on45Cisco 20 byI nt es t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, E. 50 you 24can: by t es F. 18 024 by t es Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it t h eeact ual A2 : hout An sw r: Y ouequip w oulment d use t he show b uff er s com m a nd t o show t he out p ut of t he b uff e r p ools a nd t he ir siz e s. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 3 : Which suppor t t ool can m onit or up t o all sev en lay er s and is t he least st r essf ul on I denttifhe y trou r oublesh t er ? oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st OSwand Ciscoit or I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g A.( r )Net ork mon Use in st d ev elop edzer p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s B.r u ct Pror ot-ocol analy " Snif f" C. t he debu w ir e gt o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze D .local pingand r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut negot addrocol essing , encapsulat andormor A3 : o An sw iat e r:ion, A prot a na ly ze r can ion, m onit u pet o a ll sev e n l ay e rs a nd is not a s st re ssf ul as som e ot he r t ools on t h e rout er . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env 4 : iron Listment t he sf iv e cat egor ies of net w ork m an agement and giv e a Cisco ex am ple of an NMS. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( ersw netewr:ork ( CI eT)s tof opne icst twhat epaare y ou efor CCNP A4r): I nt An I SOTrou ha sbleshoot f iv e ca in t eggori or kp rm na gem nt :t he f aul t , a ccou nt in g, Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges confi gur at ion an d n am e , pe rf orm a nce , a nd secur it y m a na ge m e nt . on t he j ob, CCNP Pr actCiscoW ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in ouaan ork s is t h e Ci sco exgagmives p le yof n Nedg M S.e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 5 : What NMS feat ur e of Cisco's p rod uct is a r ep lacem en t f or CWSI ? List at least four CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ot her f eat ur es t hat t his pr od uct is r esp onsible for . im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

•

A5 :

An sw e r: The LAN Ma na ge m e nt Solu t ion ( LM S) cont ai ns nGe niu s Re al Ti m e Mon it or , Cam pus Ma na ge r, D e vi ce Fa ul t M an ag er , Cont e nt Flow Moni t or, CiscoV i ew , and Re source M an ag er Esse nt i al s. LM Sis pa rt of t h e Ci scoW ork s fa m il y of prod uct s for f au lt an d conf igu ra t ion m an ag em e nt a nd t rou ble shoot i ng of ca m pus LAN s a nd is a fol low - on t o t h e Ci scoW ork s f or Sw i t ch ed I nt e rn et w or k s ( CW SI ) bund le .

6:

Table What t yof peContent of sups por t t ool r ecor ds, display s, and analy zes how a pr ot ocol oper at es I ndex and giv es a lay er- b y- lay er decode? Giv e an exam ple.

•

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

A6 :L. Har Anrington sw e r: By Donna

A prot ocol a na ly ze r such a s Sn if fe r P ro or Et he rP ee k , r ecord s, di sp la ys, a nd a na ly ze s h ow a pr ot ocol ope ra t e s a nd giv e s a la y er - by - la ye r de code.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

7:

Cab le t est er s ( scan ners) can b e used t o t est ph ysical connect ivit y . Man y cable TDR fu nct ionalit y. What t y pe of dev ice is u sed t o t est sig nal loss w it h Pages:fib 84er 0 cab le? I SBN:t est 1- 58 -0 57 -0 e er720 s includ

A7 :

An sw e r: An opt i ca l t i m e d om a i n r ef le ct om e t e r ( OTD R) is use d t o t e st sign al loss w i t h f ib er cab le .

8 :on pr What supp is usef ul f or baselining andwcont inu ously t rackan s dpack et st rbut Hand sact ice forort t het ool CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam it h TCP/ I P, LAN, W AN ouble doesn' t decode t h em ? t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. : bAn swyou e r: A ne t w or k m oni t or is u se fu l for ba se l ini ng a nd cont inu ously t r ack s Wit hA8 t his ook, can: pa ck et s b ut doesn' t d ecode t h em . Set p anat d fleast ollowt w along w it hivrealscenar ios taligned 9 : uList o p r oact e andw or t wld o lab react ive CCO ools? t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment A9 : An sw e r: P roa ct i ve ( al l cou ld be r ea ct iv e, t oo) t ool s: Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh ootade ing tPl aran getner s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her I OS U pgr t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies H a rdw a re - Sof t w ar e Com pa t i bil it y Ma t ri x Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r )I OS and Roa dm Cisco a pI OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct D or ocum - d event elopated i on p rob CD-lem R OM - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he Ma w irreket ot Psp laot cen et w or k issu es Analy ze local Cisco andTechn r em otica e access l A ssi st praoblem nce Cen s int er Et hern ( TAC) et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, a ctiat i veion, t ools: aut o Re negot addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Bug env iron ment s N a vi ga t or ( cou ld be p roa ct i v e, t oo) Outing putCCNP I nt eand rpr et erE( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig ned for aspir CCI Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ble shoot Aical ssi st ntcises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot ingTrou exam . Full of in prgact exaer CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealSt a ck D e cod er w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

10 :

Use t he nu m bers 1 –4 t o mat ch t he pr ior it y lev els w it h t he follow in g sev er it y level. - I n for m at ion n eeded on pr oduct - Prod uct ion n et wor k sever ely degr aded - Net w or k per for m ance degr aded

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

- Prod uct ion n et wor k d ow n

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna A1 0 :L. Har Anrington sw e r:

The corr ect le ve l s fol low :

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

it y20 03 Se v er it y Pub Dat e: Prior April 0 4, I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

1

Pr oduct ion net w or k dow n

Pages: 84 0

2

Pr oduct ion net w or k sev erely degr aded

3

Net w ork perf or man ce degr aded

4

I nf orm at ion needed on pr od uct

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 1 1 : Escalat ion t o Cisco supp ort r eq uir es cer t ain t ask s. The show t e ch- sup port Wit h t his bcom ook,man youd can: is h elp ful. You n eed y our equip ment and ser v ice con t r act inf orm at ion, and y ou sh ould op en a case w it h specif ic pr iorit y lev el and case num ber . What CCO t ool y ou talong o open, y, and uplab dat escenar a case it h TAC?t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Set uenables p an d f ollow w itquer h realw or ld ioswaligned w it hout t h e act ual equip ment A1 1 : An sw e r: U se t h e ca se m an ag em e nt t ool k it t o op en , que ry , a nd up da t e a caseawbaseline it h TAC.and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Est ablish 1I2dent : The Dyn am ic Conf igur at ion pin t oolg,enables y ou look, udebu p t h g, e specif ics of a if y t rCisco oublesh oot ing t ar get s using t r ace, sh ow ,t oclear an d ot her 924 ou boug htt ilit of fies of eBay . You shou ld q uick ly f in d t hat it is a 24- p ort , 10t r oubWSC1 leshoot ingA tyools an d u MB sw it ch w it h t w o 100 BASE- TX por t s and it is upgr ad eab le t o t h e Ent er pr ise DiagnEd ose it ion and . Under t r oublesh w hich ootcat acteg u ory al prwou oblem ld ysou by find f ollow t h is ingonalong t he wwebsit it h aut e? h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g A1 2 : An sw e r: Ma rk e t P la ce al low e d m e t o look up t he spe ci fi cs of a de vi ce using Use int he st r uConf ct or -ig d ev elop ed Tool. p rob lem isolat t ohe r esolv ouble Tick s a ura t ion Ma-rk e t plion acemiet s hods al so w re y eouTrca n pur chet ase sw e a t er w i t h t he Cisco log o. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 3's Review Questions 1: •

I n t he RI P scenar io, w hy w er e y ou successfu l w it h using RI Pv2 r at her t h an RI Pv1 ? Table of Content s

ndex AnIsw e r: RI P v2 i s cla ssl ess, an d R I Pv 1 is cl assful . Cla ssl ess rou t in g CCNP P ra cti pr cal ot St udi es:sTr ouble shoot ocol such a s RIing P v 2 , EI GRP, OSP F, a nd I S- I S sup port V LSM a nd sum m a r iz at i on. A ll rou t in g p rot ocols sup port su m m a ri za t i on, bu t t h e By Donna L. Har rington cla ssf ul one s do t ha t i n a fix e d m a nne r a t t h e cl ass b ounda ry . •

A1 :

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

2:

A Cisco r ou t er main t ains ARP en t r ies m uch longer t han most PCs. How can y ou r em ov e all ent r ies fr om t h e ARP cache on a Cisco r out er ? I t w ou ld b e less I SBN:det 1- 58 720 r im en-0t57 al -0t o all t o j ust r em ove an ent r y associat ed w it h a giv en in t er f ace. Can y ou Pages:do 84t0hat on a r out er ? On a Window s- based PC?

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

A2 :

An sw e r: On a rou t er , cle a r a rp doe s n ot t r uly cl ea r t he t a bl e; i nst ea d, it re fr e she s i t . U nle ss in a t e st e nv ir onm en t w he re i t d oesn' t m a t t e r w ho y ou a ff ect , y ou sh ou ld use shut / n o shut t o r em ov e t he e nt r ie s a ssocia t e d w i t h a in tfor er fa ceCCNP . Th e Tr com m a nd aring p -exam d ip adwdritess on aI P, WLAN, ind ow Hand s- on gi prve actnice t he oubleshoot h TCP/ ansd bWase ANdt r ouble m achi ne a ll ow s you t o re m ov e a n ent ry a t a t i m e. t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. : bDr aw you a t able Wit h t3his ook, can:com par ing TCP/ I P lay ers, p rot ocols, app licat ions, an d ut ilit ies t o t he OSI m od el. Set p an ollow w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or A3 : uAn swdefr: Se ealong Ta blew 3it h - 2real. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 4 : On a Cisco rou t er , show i p r out e d isp lays t he r out ing t ab le. W hat ar e t h e nu mb er s Est ablish a baseline in br ack et s [ ] ? and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y sw t r oublesh ing be t arrs get using pin t r ace, shinist ow ,r at clear debu d otposit her e A4 : An e r: Theoot n um i ns b ra ck e t sg,a re [ adm ive , dist ang, ce an / com t r oubmleshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies et ric] . Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 5 : Sub net t ing, aggr egat ion, VLSM, CI D R, sup er net t ing , and sum m arizat ion ar e all Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g abou t m ov ing bit b ound aries. Which one( s) m ov e t he n et wor k m ask bit boun dar y t o t he Use in st r rig u ctht or?- d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s A5 : An t t in gwaor ndk Vissu LSM. " Snif f" tsw he ewr: ir eSu t obne sp ot n et es 6 : Assu m e you ov ed o aparpr tm ent 1s72. 6.hern 3. 10et( host locat at 1 72. Analy ze local and mr em ot eint access oblem in 1Et net waddr or ks,ess) in clud ingedissues w it1h6 Br oad Cr eek Dr iv e ( net w or k addr ess) . Ot her f loors in t h e apar t m en t b uilding ar elin k, cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay nu mb er ed 172 .1 6. 1. 0, 172 .1 6. 2. 0, and 172 .1 6. 4. 0. What floor ( sub net ) ar e y ou on? aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e What ar e all t h e available h ost s on t hat su bnet ? What is t he d ir ect ed b road cast App lyadd a lay ress er ed of yt our rou blesh sub net oot ? ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s A6 : An sw e r: Be ca use t he ot h er subn et s ar e 1 7 2 .1 6 . 1 . 0 , 1 7 2 . 1 6 .2 . 0 , a nd Desig ned for and r) pr of essionals, en sab g uide 1 7 2aspir . 1 6 .ing 4 . 0 ,CCNP you m ustCCI b eE(on sub ne t 1 7 2 . 1t6his . 3 .ind 0 . isp I f you pelerflab orm t he bbiuilds na ryon Cisco( r) I nt ( CI eT)t ha t opt ics t hat ep are ou t for t he CCNP mer atnet h, w y ork ou wTrou oulbleshoot d in fa ctinpg rov y ou ar p e ron subyne ( f loor) 3 . Th e host s Tr oubleshoot Full actyour ical ex er cises t h aats gfol et low y ous:r eady f or6 .challenges on t he j ob, ( oting he rexam a par.t m enof t s pr on f loor ) a re 1 7 2 .1 3 . 1 t hrou gh CCNP Pr act1 ical oublesh ives ov erdca t hestcom pet itss ionfor t hryough 7 2 . 1St6ud . 3 .ies: 2 5 4Tr . 1 7 2 . 1 6 .oot 3 . 2in5g5 gis t h ey ou diran e ctedg e d ebroa ad dre our r ealw or ld ap plicat ion LANin,and opkics. subn et .ofAga if yWAN ou wtor out t he b ina ry , y ou w ill se e t ha t t he fi rst a va il a ble h ost is t he subn et plu s one , t he dir ect e d broa dcast is a ll 1 s for t he CCNP Pr acthost ical St g ab p r le ovides out h w eit hbroa p ract icalstinf or mat ionm on all one the. b itud s,ies: a ndTrtoublesh he l a stoot avin a il hosty is dca a ddr ess in us im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

7: A7 :

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8:

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Com par e t h e pr ot ocol and p ort nu mb er s f or t elnet , RI P, FTP, an d TFTP. An sw e r: RI P ( por t 5 2 0 ) an d TFTP ( por t 6 9 ) a re b ot h b ase d on U DP , w hi ch i s I P pr ot ocol n um be r 1 7 . Te ln et ( por t 2 3 ) a nd FTP ( port s 2 0 , 2 1 ) a re bot h ba sed on TCP, w hi ch i s pr ot ocol nu m ber 6 . Re fe r t o Figu re 3 - 1 3 for m ore a ssist a nce. Content YouTable canofp in g by st h e I P add ress bu t not by t he host n ame. W hat is a v er y lik ely I ndex ? pr oblem

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

A8 : L. Har An rington sw e r: By Donna

H ost nam e r esol ut ion . Ch eck your h ost s f il es an d D N Sser ve rs. Y ou can t e st t hi s now if y ou r ea ll y w a nt .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

9:

You need t o for w ar d DHCP r equ est s t o anot h er su bnet , b ut you do not w ant t o for w ar d Net BI OS comm un icat ion s. I s t his possible?

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 84sw 0 e r: The com m a nd i p h el pe r- add re ss [ DHCP_ ser v er_ add ress] is r equ ir ed A9Pages: : An on you r l ocal r out e r i nt e rf ace . By de fa ul t , how e ve r , it al low s TFTP , D N S, Tim e , t w o N et BI O S p ort s, t w o D H CP por t s, an d TA CACS. You m ust spe ci fy w hi ch por t s y ou w a nt t o for w ar d a nd t he n t he p ort s t h at you don 't w ant t o for w ar d. To forw a rd fe w e r t h an t h e ei ght de fa ul t por t s t ha t I P he lpe r ope ns , you ca nt he u seCCNP t h e ip f or w ar d- ping rotexam ocol udp por t ]I P, com m an orAN t he por t s Hand s- on up pr act ice for Tr oubleshoot w it h [TCP/ LAN, andd fW t r ouble y ou w a nt t o f orw ar d foll ow ed by t he no ip for w ar dp rot ocol udp [ por t] t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. com m a nd for t he port s y ou do not w a nt t o f orw ar d. Wit h t his b ook, you can: 1 0 : What I OS com m and enables y ou t o v er ify t hat RI P sends b r oadcast r out ing up dat es? To w h at ad dr ess ar e b road cast upd at es sent ? Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t h ee r: actde ualbug equip A1 w 0 :it hout An sw i p ment r ip show s y ou t h at rou t ing up da t es a r e se nt t o 25 5.255.2 55.255 . Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

1 1 : Using 1 92. 16 8. 5. 0/ 2 4, ad dr ess t h e net w or k accor ding t o t he f ollowin g I dentrifeq y uir t r oublesh ing getsegm s using g, t r ace, clear debu ot her em ent s:oot t hr ee t ar LAN entpin s—one w it h sh 12ow 5 h, ost s, ,one w itg,h an 50dhost s, and one t r oubwleshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies it h 25 host s—and at least t w o and m ayb e m ore WAN seg m en t s. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided A1 1 : An sw e r: I r e com m en de d t h at you st a rt w i t h host r equ ir em e nt s, t he n w ork Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g on you r LAN re qui re m en t s, and t h en w ork on t h e W AN r eq ui re m e nt s f or V st LSM. R em em b er t w h en y ouion ar em sol vi ngt ofor h oste bit s, t heTick y aretes 0 bit s. Use in r u ct or - d ev elop edt ha p rob lem - isolat et hods r esolv Tr ouble Y ou shou ld dra w t h is ou t l ik e Figu re A- 1 t o unde rst a nd t he scen ar io and t o ly se b it " Snif tf"rut he w ireet the o sp ots:n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h a rtand w it du h tplex he ,muat xilizat im um um collisions, be r of h ost s andidtsolv e f or xCD, . 2 xon > e= w1 ay 2 5 lin k, cabling, spSt eed ion nand b andw h, CSMA/ host s i s 7 host bi t s. N ot e t h e se v en 0 host b it s i n Figu re A1 w he re I aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e a ssig n 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 5 . 1 2 8 / 2 5 t o t h e 1 2 5 - host sub ne t . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ingx and swit chin g U se > = 5 0 host s t o a rr iv e env iron ment s V LSM for sub net 0 t o cont i nue . Sol v e for x . 2 a t 6 host b it s. N ot e t he six h ost 0 bit s in Figu re A- 1 w he re I assig n 1 9 2ing . 1 6CCNP 8 . 6 4 .and 0 / 2 CCI 6 t oE(t r) hepr5of 0 -essionals, host sub tne Desig ned for aspir hist .ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP x > = 2 5 host s t o a rr iv e se V LSM forofsub netical 0 ex t o er cont i nue . Sol forr eady x . 2 f or Tr oubleshoot ingU exam . Full pr act cises t h at g etvyeou challenges on t he j ob, a tud 5 ies: hostTrboublesh it s. N ot e in t he iv e host 0 bi t seinovFigu re com A- 1pet w he re It hr assig CCNP Pr act ical St oot g gfives y ou an edg er t he it ion oughn r eal1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 3 2 . 0 / 2 7 t o t he 2 5 host sub ne t . w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. N ow t hat ou h avoot e cal t e d t hy e N inf se or gemat m e ion nt on all t h e CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr y oublesh in g cula p r ovides ouhost w it h apnd ractLA ical re qu ire m e nt s, use V LSM subn et 0 ou t t o a / 3 0 m ask t o m axion, im i ze t hein g im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat includ

W AN li nk s. The W AN li nk s can u se 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 5 . 0 / 3 0 , 1 9 2 .1 6 8 . 5 . 4 / 3 0 , 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 5 .8 / 3 0 , a nd so on a s il lust r at e d in Figu re A- 1 .

Figu r e A- 1 . •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 1 2 : You ar e hav ing a pr ob lem w it h t hr ee subn et s con nect ed v ia t w o Cisco rou t er s. Each can ping s ow intserf aces pin butg,can't getsht ow o t h, eclear far ,side ofg,t he r ou t er . So I dentrifout y ter r oublesh ootiting t arnget using t r ace, debu anot d hoterher y ou d ecide t o pu t in t he appr opr iat e d ef ault r ou t e st at em ent , but t hing s st ill ar e not t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies oper at ional. You ar e not r unn in g r ou t ing pr ot ocols becau se default r out es ser v e t his io well. Can yoot ou act sp ot e oblem issue?s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Diagnscenar ose and t r oublesh u alt hpr Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g A1 2 : An sw e r: Y ou shoul d dra w t h is ou t a nd la be l t he sub net s t o gi v e you a Use in pistctr uure ct orof - d tev he elop prob ed le p rob m . lem Alt -er isolat na t iv ion el m y, et you hods can to a r esolv ssumeeTrt ouble h e sceTick na ri etos t o be host a conne ct ed t o r1 , r1 con ne ct e d t o r 3 , a nd host c conne ct ed t o r3 . " Snif Obv f" t he w ir e ,t ot hi spsotcould n et w or i ously bek aissu ny es num be r of t hin gs, a nd I w oul d l ik e t o st re ss once m ore t o use a st ruct ur e d a ppr oach such a s i n Cha pt e r 1 a nd t o di v ide Analyaze and rr em ot el paccess prot oblem in rtEti cu hern net w in clud ndlocal con que t o he y ou sp t h espa la retissu e.orI ks, n l ook inging a t issues y our w it h cabling, spgur eedatand du plex u t ilizat b andw h, you CSMA/ CD, on ew ay confi ions, y ou , foun d nion o I and P clacollisions, ssl ess, so i n e ffidt e ct r def a ult rou t eslin k, aut o w negot addr ion, andI Pmor er e iat notion, w ork inessing g. Af t,eencapsulat r y ou t ur ne d on claessl ess, y ou coul d rout e . App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 4's Review Questions 1: • •

What I OS com m and assist s in det erm inin g d et ailed in for m at ion if t he r out er is pr op agat in Table of Content s

A1 :

ndex AnIsw e r: de bug i px rou t in g a ct iv it y

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

2 : L. Har What I OS By Donna rington A2 :

com m and assist s in det erm inin g d et ailed in for m at ion if t he r out er is pr op agat in

An sw e r: de bug i px sap a ct iv it y

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

3:

What is t h e diff er ence bet w een t h e Novell int er nal I PX nu mb er and t he Nov ell ex t er nal I PX

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 84sw 0 e r: The i nt e rna l I P X nu m b er i s a log ical n et w or k in si de t h e N ov el l se rv e r. Th A3Pages: : An on a Ci sco rout e r. The i nt e rna l ne t w ork ca n al so be conf igu re d on Cisco rou t er s a fe a t ure s such as I PX W AN or N LSP. Th e ex t e rna lI P X nu m b er i s t he w i re I D a na log o

4:

Fill in t h e follow ing t able w it h t he missing Cisco and Novell encapsulat ion nam es.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Cisco Encap su la t ion N ov el l Fra m e Ty pe D e scri pt i on N ov el l V Wit h t his b ook, you can: ARPA Et h er n et _ I I Et h er Ty pe p oint er t o Lay er 3 Net War e Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it hNet or War e w it hout t h e act ual equip ment SAP Leng t h field Net War e Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and w orpkoint er t o Lay er 3 Net War e 80logical 2. 2 LLCn et SAP I dent ifNov y t relloublesh ow ,t hclear Et h er oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh Leng field, debu g, an d ot her Net W t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Et h er n et _ SNAP Leng t h field SNAP d e Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and80 inp 2.ut 2 ,LLC ou tSAP put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods SNAP t o r esolv h eadeerTr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

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Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, A4 : An sw e r: Se e Ta ble 4 - 5 aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e 5 : lyWhat y pe p ack et doot oes Figur 1 8 d ispt olay? What for m of and Cisco encapsulat ion is used? App a layter ed of t rou blesh ing meteh 4odology r eallife rou t ing swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Figu 4 -are 1 8 y. ou Rev w CCNP Q ue st ion 5 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hatr e p r ep for ie t he Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s A5 : An sw e r: Fra m e 2 i s a CDP m ul t icast pa ck e t . The enca psul at i on i s CiscoSN A P, w hi c SNwAirPehe der " Snif af"nd t he t oasp ots.n et w or k issu es 6 : Ex er ence bet w een Ciscospin d I et PXnet ping. oneing is tissues he default Analy zeplain localt he andd iff r em ot e access pr oblem in gEtan hern w orWhich ks, in clud w it h? Why wo How d o y ou ch ange t he defau lt ? cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e A6 : An sw e r: The d ef au lt pin g i s a Cisco pi ng t ha t u se s I P X p r o t o co l n u m b e r 2 . Th e I P X b er ed 0 xt9rou 0 8blesh 6 . Cisco pi ng s f inet ofor you Ci sco ev i ce s, chin but gy our I P X de v ice App lyn ua m lay oot ing metwh ork odology r eallifer rou t ingd and swit pr opri env iron mentets ar y na t ure . Desig7ned CCI E( of essionals, t hisEtind sab leenlab g uide : for MTUaspir is ning eg otCCNP iat ed and b y NCP. I tr)ispr150 0 f or a local herisp netensegm t an d 5 76b uilds by t eson for t he in Cisco( r) I nt erify nettw ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP v er his? Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

A7 :

An sw e r: Te ch nica ll y, MTU is not b ei ng ne got i at e d; r at h er , it is a pe r- i nt e rf ace a t t ri " big pa ck et " re que st / re sp onse, t he e nd- t o- e nd N CPseg m e nt siz e is n eg ot ia t e d. H in t er fa ces ( se e t he f oll ow ing out p ut ) or show t ech- su ppor t com m a nds displ ay it .

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

-----------------By Donna L. Har rington

show interfaces ------------------

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e:Hardware April 0 4, 20 03 is

Lance, address is 0000.0c8d.6705 (bia 0000.0c8d.6705)

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0 Description:

r1e0 to hosta and hostb

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 8 : The rou t e pr int com m and display s t he r ou t in g t able on a PC. How can you see t his inf or m Wit h t his bRI ook, P? How you can: about on a Nov ell ser v er ? A8 : An sw e r: V ie w t h e rout i ng t a ble using t he sh ow ip x rout e com m an d on t he rout e r Set utpheanNdove f ollow ll sealong rv er .w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 9 : How d o y ou con figu re I PX RI P on a Cisco rou t er ? Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k A9 : An sw e r: Confi gur e t he i px r out in g g loba l com m a nd an d spe cif y t he w i re I D s on t I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her ne t w ork [ w ir eid ] com m an d f or ea ch d ir ect ly conn ect e d net w or k . t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 10 : Why I PX need Diagn ose doesn and t r'toublesh oot ARP? act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g A1 0 : An sw e r: ARP is not n ee de d in I P X be cau se t h e host a ddr e ss i s a lr ea dy pa r t of t he n N st e tr w o or rk-. dn ev o delop e :soed ckpet . lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use in u ct rob 11 : Ex t he drkess: " Snif f" plain t he w ir e t foollowin sp ot ngetad w or issu es 678and .0 000 .0ot 000 . 0001 : 04 51 Analy12 ze345 local r em e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, A1 aut 1 : o An sw e r:ion, I nt e rn al I P X a,ddr ess:sock e t . and mor e negot iat addr essing encapsulat ion, 12 App : lyHow a lay d oes er edI PX t rouRIblesh P f ind oott he ingbmet est hpat odology h t o ant ot o her r eal-net lifew rou or k t?ing How and d oes swittchin his dif g fer f rom I P RI P env iron ment s A1 2 : An sw e r: I P X RI P m et r ics a re t i ck s/ hop s. I P m et r ics a re hop s. Bot h a re lim i t ed t o 1 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

13 :

I n t he chap t er scenar io, host a is a Wind ow s 200 0 b ox. What comm and g iv es y ou t he disp

Figu r e 4 - 1 9 . Rev ie w Q ue st ion 1 3 •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

A1 3Pages: : An 84sw 0 e r: Ty pe ip xr out e conf ig at t he h ost a com m an d p rom pt t o se e t he ne t w ork a a nd fr am e t y pe i nfor m a t i on on t he I P X cli en t .

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 5's Review Questions 1: •

How w ould a user com plain t o y ou abou t an incor rect f r ame t yp e issue? Table of Content s

ndex AnIsw e r: For a n in cor re ct fr am e t y pe i ssu e, I w ould e x pect t o he a r t hin gs f rom t h CCNP P ra cti pr cal int St udi ," es: " I Tr caouble n' t shoot g et ting o m y f il e, " " I d on't see a ny t hi ng in N e t w ork N ei ghb orhood ," dr iv e spe ci fi ca t ion , " "I don' t h av e a d riv e F, " an d so on. By Donna L. Har rington •

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2:

What is t h e Et her Ty pe and SAP for Nov ell I PX? How d oes t he r eceivin g st at ion r ecogn ize a

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

A2 :

An sw e r: Et he rTy pe i s 8 1 3 7 , a nd SA Pis e0 . The che ck sum he x by t es 0 xFFFF a re fo ( Se e Figu re A- 4 a nd Figu re A- 5 . )

I SBN:re1-cogni 58 720 -0 57 -0. t ion Pages: 84 0

Figu r e A- 4 . I PX Et he r Typ e Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Figu r e A- 5 . I EEE SAPs

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 3 : How d o y ou kn ow w hen an Et her net n et w or k needs t o be u pgr aded? " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es A3 : An sw e r: Y es, y our use rs w il l t e ll y ou, bu t I hope y ou ar e one st e p a he a d of t h at b orin g trhe w it h aprgood m ks, entinpr ogra . Y ou w shou Analymzeonit local and em loa ot e daccess oblem ne s int wEtork hernmeta na netge w or clud ingmissues it h ld be t m ul t ipl e use rs, pr ot ocol s, ot he r dev i ce s, an d al l ap pli ca t i on r eq uir em e nt cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay s. linU k,pgr ad a lw a ys a g ood t hin g t o do, b ut g ood u se of sw it che s t o se gm e nt your e x ist in g en aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e coll ision dom a ins assist s in t h e cost of t h e upg ra de pr oce ss, t oo. Kn ow you r net w putt rou , a nd cap aci t y.met Look a t y our e rflife acerou sttat ics swit a ndchin ca lcul App lyt hr a ough lay er ed blesh oot ing h odology t o irnt ealingi stand g a t e t he coll i collment isions env iron s by t he ou t put pa ck et s. Thi s i s a t ough qu est i on t o a nsw e r in j u st a f ew y ou shou ld pl an for u pgra de s. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco(4r): I nt What er netdoes w orkt hTrou e follow bleshoot ing err in gor( CI m T) essag t opeicsindicat t hat pe:r ep "% are CDPy ou4-for DUPLEXMI t he CCNP SMATCH: Full/ half d Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP A4Pr : actAn ical swSt e ud r: CDP ies: de Tr oublesh t e ct e d oot a dup in g le gx ives m ism y ouatan chedg beet w ovee ernt he Ci sco comdev pet iti ce ions,t hr but ough it i sr ealup t o y o w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 5 : Will com mu nicat ions occur if t he por t on one side of t he link is set t o fu ll- d uplex and t h e o CCNP Pr actHow ical ab St ud Treroublesh oot in gmpism r ovides outies: if t h e is a speed at ch?y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

A5 :

6:

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An sw e r: Y es, i t w il l pr obab ly w or k, but t hi s sit ua t i on of m ism a t ch ed du ple x set t i issue s. On t he ot he r ha nd, m ism a t che d spe e ds w il l not com m uni cat e a t al l. Tr ue or f alse: Fast Et h er net can car ry m or e t h an 1 500 b yt es of dat a in t he p ayload.

A6 :

An sw e r: Fal se . U nf ort un at e ly Fa st Et he rn et doe s not in cr ea se t he da t a p ack et siz

7:

Table Content s sek eepin g t r af fic w ould y ou ex pect on t he w ir e w it h Et h er net in a net w o What t y of pes of hou I ndexio? ( Refer back t o Figur e 5- 1 . ) scenar

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

A7 : L. Har An rington sw e r: By Donna

Rout ing pr ot ocol t r af fi c such a s t h e EI GRPhe ll os v ia m ul t ica st a ddre ss 2 2 a nd k ee pa li ve s a t a m i ni m u m .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

8:

When should y ou clear t he cou nt ers on an Et hern et int er face? How d o y ou clear t h e cou nt

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 1- sw 58 720 -0 ar count e r s w h en y ou w a nt t o l ook a t w ha t is h app en ing f or a sp ecif i A8 I:SBN:An e r:-0 57 Cle Pages:fi x 84ing 0 pr oble m s. Use t h e Ci sco I OS com m an d cl ea r cou nt e rs t o cl e ar a ll i nt e rfa ce cle ar coun t er s e0 t o cl e ar j u st t he coun t er s for t h e e0 i nt e rfa ce.

9:

Com par e D I X Et h er net t o I EEE Et her net

A9 swice e r:for D I Xt he Et he rn etTr( oubleshoot or Et he rneing t I Iexam ) usew s itah2TCP/ - by tIeP,t yLAN, pe fian e ld t oAN l intkr ouble t o Lay e r 3 . I E Hand s-:on An pr act CCNP dW v al id le ng t h fie l d b ut u se s a n I EEE SA P t o poin t t o La ye r 3 . ( R ef er ba ck t o Figu re 5 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. : bWhat f ramcan: e t y pe car r ies CDP p acket s? How do y ou kn ow ? Wit h1 t0his ook, you A1 0 : An sw e r: CDP use sI EEE8 0 2 . 3 f ra m e for m a t w i t h a SN A Phe a der . ( Re f er ba ck t o Figu Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w :it hout t h ecom actman ual equip ment 11 What d sh ows you t h e Lay er 2 ad dr ess f or Et hern et on a Micr osof t client ? On a Ci docu our ph andt he logical n etfor w ortkhe I P p ar am e t er s a nd MA A1 Est 1 : ablish An swaebaseline r: I ssu eand w ini pcfgment or ipy conf igysical / a ll on cl ie nt in t er fa ces [ int erf ace] on a Cisco r out e r t o see t he MA Ca nd ot he r st a t ist i cs. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r :oubAr leshoot ing t ools an d eu in t ilitf ullies du plex Et her net ? W hy or w hy not ? 12 e collisions an issu Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided A1 2 : An sw e r: N o. Coll isi ons a re not a n i ssue in fu ll- dup le x Et he rn et be ca use t he sh ar e Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g poi nt - t o- poi nt conn ect i on, w he t he r vi a a crossov e r ca bl e or t o a sw it ch, is r equ ir on m-eddiu m . ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use in st rtuhe ct or ev elop " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Chapter 6's Review Questions 1: • •

On t he 190 0, p ort f ast is enab led on t he 1 0- Mb ps por t s an d disab led on t he u plink p ort s. C Table of Content t his? I f so, h ow? sGiv e a p ract ical ex amp le of usin g por t fast . I ndex

CCNPA1 P ra cal St ouble shoot : cti An swudi e es: r: PTrort fa st i s ing e na ble d

by de fa ul t on t he 1 0 - Mbp s port s in t he a ssu m p t ion t h por t s on t he 1 9 0 0 . I t i s not ena bl ed on t he 1 0 0 - Mbp s upl in k por t s ( por t s A an d B By Donna L. Har rington conne ct t o an ot her sw it ch or se rv e r. Th e com m a nds on t he 1 9 0 0 a re a s fol low s: m sel ect a p o rt , a nd t he n h f or port f a st m ode. Re fe r back t o Ta ble 6 - 7 for p ort fa st co Pub lish er: Cisco Press ot he r de vi ces. Al l host p ort s shoul d be e na ble d for por t fa st . Spe cif ic e x am pl es in Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 can 't fi nd a dom ai n con t roll e r or a D H CP ser ve r or a N ov el l cl ie nt w ho n ev e r g et s a I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 84 0 com man d ou t pu t s t he f ollow in g on a 290 0 Cat OS: 2Pages: : What

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. = Static Wit h t his b*ook, you can:Entry. + = Permanent Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry. X = Port Security Entry Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e Dest act ualMAC/Route equip ment Des Destination Ports or VCs / [Protocol Type] VLAN Est ablish and docu ment y-----------------------------------------------our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ---- a baseline -----------------I dent1if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin[ALL] g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her 00-90-92-2a-76-9a 1/1 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 1 00-80-c7-aa-c8-87 1/2 [ALL] Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 1 00-50-04-df-5f-3c 1/2 [ALL] Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 1 00-d0-79-68-84-8d 1/2 [ALL] " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es 1 00-b0-64-81-e3-00 2/3 [ALL] Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App a sw layeerr:edThe t roucom blesh h odology t o ram eal-i clife t ing andbox swit A2 : lyAn m oot a nding i s met sh ow cam dyn onrou a Ca t OS . chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

3:

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What com man d ou t pu t s t he f ollow in g on an I OS- based sw it ch:

Table of Content s

Dynamic I ndex Address Count:

7

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

Secure By Donna L. Har ringtonAddress

(User-defined) Count:

0

Static Address (User-defined) Count:

0

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e:System April 0 4, Self 20 03

Address Count:

37

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages:Total 84 0

MAC addresses:

44

Maximum MAC addresses:

8192

Non-static Address Table: Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Destination Typein gVLAN Port t icket s b ased on Cisco I nAddress t ern et w or kAddress Tr oub leshoot ( CI T) tDestination opics. Wit h t his b------------------ook, you can:

------------

----

--------------------

0010.4ba5.ae50 Dynamic 1 FastEthernet0/12 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Dynamic 0010.ffe5.17fd 1 FastEthernet0/12 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and n et w or k 0010.ffe5.17ff Dynamic 1 logical FastEthernet0/12 I dent0050.04df.5f3c if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar getDynamic s using pin g, t r ace, 1 sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her FastEthernet0/1 t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies 0080.c7aa.c887 Dynamic 1 FastEthernet0/11 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 0090.922a.769b Dynamic 1 FastEthernet0/11 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 00b0.6481.e300 Dynamic 1 FastEthernet0/12 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, A3 aut : o An negot sw e iat r:ion, Theaddr com essing m a nd , encapsulat i s sh ow mion, ac- aand dd re mor ss-e t abl e on an I OS box . App ert ed t rou blesh oot r eal-ing lifestrou t ing and swit chin g 4 : lyI saalay p or r eceivin g t raf ficing if itmet is h inodology t h e STPt ob lock at e? env iron ment s A4 : An sw e r: Y es, a p ort i s r ecei v ing t r af fi c if i t i s in t he block in g st a t e , but it doe s no Desig ned for CCNP E( r)e s. pr The of essionals, his ind ispby enSTP sab le b uilds MA aspir Cs oring f orw a rdand an yCCI fr am por t i s tbl ock ed a slab to g n uide ot cau se a on loop at Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP H ow ev e r, i t m ust st i ll l ist e n f or BPD U s so t ha t i t ca n aut om a t ica ll y be com e a ct iv e Tr oubleshoot de ving iceexam fa il s.. Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld5ap andstWAN op ics. : plicat Whation ar of e tLAN he STP at e t rtansit ions? CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

A5 :

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How d o y ou view t h e sp eed and du plex set t ing s on a r out er or I OS- based sw it ch ? On a Ca

A6 :

An sw e r: Se e Ta ble 6 - 7 . show i nt e rf ace on a n I O S b ase d sw it ch, an d show port on sw i t ch.

7:

I ndex I t is com m on pr act ice t o use loopback s f or t est in g. Can y ou be sur e t h at a loopback add re

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An sw e r: Se e Figu re 6 - 6 for t h e fol low in g STP st at e t ra nsit i ons: disa ble d, block in g, le a rni ng, an d f orw a rdi ng. Com pa re STP t o RSTP in Ta ble 6 - 6 .

Table of Content s

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

A7 : L. Har An rington sw e r: By Donna

The f oll ow i ng out p ut show s se ndi ng t he l og t o a n i nt e rna l bu ffe r on r3 , ( shut / n o shut ) , an d t h en r ev ie w ing t h e log. This t yp e of logg ing i s qui t e he lp ful i a nd le ss ove rh ea d on t h e de vi ce t ha n l oggi ng t o t he consol e . I t cl ea rl y di sp la ys t Pub lish er: Cisco Press t o shu t d ow n a l oopba ck. Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on r3#configure pr act ice for t he terminal CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r3(config)#line console 0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: r3(config-line)#logging buffered Set ur3(config-line)#interface p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar loopback 10 ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r3(config-if)#shut Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r3(config-if)#end I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oubr3#show leshoot ing an d u t ilitbrief ies ipt ools interface Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Pr

... Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 192.168.5.97 " Snif FastEthernet2/0 f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

YES NVRAM

up

up

NVRAM AnalyLoopback10 ze local and r em ot e access 192.168.6.100 pr oblem s in Et hernYES et net w or ks, administratively in clud ing issues w it hdown do cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, logaddr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e aut o r3#show negot iat ion, enabled (0 hmessages 0 t flushes, 0 chin overruns) App lySyslog a lay er logging: ed t rou blesh oot ing met odology t o dropped, r eal- life rou ing and swit g env iron ment s Console logging: level debugging, 69 messages logged Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot level in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat 0p r messages ep are y ou for t he CCNP Monitor logging: debugging, logged Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical Buffer St ud ies: logging: Tr oublesh oot in g gdebugging, ives y ou an edg e ov er t he logged com pet it ion t hr ough r eallevel 7 messages w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Trap logging: level informational, 73 message lines logged CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant Log con cep t s cen (4096 t ral t o tbytes): h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g Buffer

03:46:39: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by vty0 (192.168.5.99) 03:46:55: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback10, chan 03:46:57: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Loopback10, changed state to up • •

03:46:57: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by vty0 (192.168.5.99) Table of Content s I ndex

03:47:22: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Loopback10, changed state to administ

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington 03:47:23: Pub lish er:03:47:34: Cisco Press

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback10, chan %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by vty0 (192.168.5.99)

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r3#!!!ouch someone can shut down a loopback

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r3#configure terminal r3(config)#interface loopback 10

r3(config-if)#no shut Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r3(config-if)#end Wit h t his br3#show ook, you ip can:interface loopback 10 Loopback10 is up, line protocol is up Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Internet address is 192.168.6.100/28 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Address t r oub leshoot ing tdetermined ools an d u t ilitby ies non-volatile memory MTUand ist r1514 bytes Diagn ose oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

8:

I issued t h e follow ing show i nt e rf ace com m and on t he 2 900 Cat OS box t o v iew t he m an and it s p aram et ers. W hat is t he 19 2. 168 . 5. 111 add r ess?

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti sw2900> cal St udi es:(enable) Tr ouble shootshow ing

interface

By Donna L. Har rington

sl0: flags=51 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

slip 0.0.0.0 dest 0.0.0.0

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN:sc0: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 flags=63 Pages: 84 0

vlan 1 inet 192.168.5.98 netmask 255.255.255.240 broadcast 192.168

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble A8s :b ased An sw r: D o Itnht ern e metatwhor. k1 9Tr2oub .1 6leshoot 8 . 5 . 1 1 in 1 gi s( CI t he dcast ad dre ss for subn et 1 9 2 .1 6 t icket oneCisco T) broa t opics. m ask is 2 4 0 i n t he l ast oct e t , w hi ch m e an s 4 bit s w e re b orr ow e d. Th e low e st 1 b Wit h t his bt ook, he i ncre you m can: en t f or t he subne t s. Y ou a r e using subn et 9 6 . The fi rst ad dre ss on t h e t he r out e r, w h ich is . 9 7 . I f you a dd 1 6 t o t h e subne t , t h e ne xt subne t is 1 1 2 . O ne ne x t subn et is t he br oad ca st a ddr ess f or t he curr en t subn et . Re m e m be r t ha t a ll t Set u1psan d ftollow realor ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or f or he bralong oad cawstit ha dd re w ss. w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 9 : En cod ed Add r ess Recognit ion Log ic ( EARL) is an ASI C t hat w ork s w it h t he b us ar bit r at ion Est ablish a baseline and. Et docu y our ph ysical logical n et w_or___ k ___ ___. Ot her p ort s use in a Cat aly st 5 000 h er ment net por t s use a custand om ASI C called called __ ____ ___ _. I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies A9 : An sw e r: Et he rn et uses SA I N T a nd ot he r port s u se SA GE. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided 10 : aly You at and a host an dI OS( at t em p t ttow tar eln t omaand sw itinp ch .utThe g mloggin essagge app ear s: Cat st ( rar) eOS Cisco r ) Sof e et com , ouf tollow put , in and Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, required, none set aut o Password negot iat ion, addr essingbut , encapsulat ion, and mor e App lyConnection a lay er ed t rou ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g toblesh hostoot lost. env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing's exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, What t h e issue? CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

A1 0 :

An sw e r: N o vt y p assw or d ha s be en set . Alt hough a pa ssw or d i s not re qui re d on t nor m a l ly i s re qui re d for t e lne t access. Thi s is b eca use logi n is t h e de fa ul t on vt y t he i ssu e by supp ly in g a p assw or d or b y re m ovi ng t he l ogin on t he v t y l ine s w i t h com m a nd.

11 :

Assu m e you r env ir on ment t o be w hat it is n ow for t he chap t er scenar io. On host a you t y p t ra cer t 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 5 . 1 0 3 . How man y hops t o t h e dest inat ion?

•

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ndex AnIsw e r: H ops a re r out e r hops. Ev er yt h in g on t hi s side of t he rou t er i s on t he sam CCNP P ra cti (cal udi es: Tr ouble brStoad ca st domshoot a in )ing a lt h ough t he re a re dif fe re nt col li si on dom ai ns. The f oll ow i ng il lu st r a t es t h e one h op : By Donna L. Har rington •

A1 1 :

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

C:\>tracert 192.168.5.103 Tracing route to HOSTC [192.168.5.103] Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble over maximum t icket s b ased onaCisco I n t ernof et w30 or khops: Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 1 you

-0 57 y ou w ill p ut t hat t o p ract ice if you f ollow along. Pages: 84 0 7 . Rest or e t he conf igur at ion r eg ist er b ack t o t he orig in al set t in g, or 0x 210 2 if y ou are not su re w er t he eload . Pub Dataft e: April 0 4, r20 03

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(boot)(config)#config-register Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld 0x2102 lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 8 . Cop y t he n ew Cisco I OS Sof t w are im ag e fr om t h e TFTP ser v er t o t h e r out er , as f ollow s: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Router(boot)#copy tftp flash Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

NO TE

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I When nt er net orkptTrou bleshoot CIdr T)ess t opof icst ht ehat p r ep areer, y out he forsour t hece CCNP prwom ed, en t er t heinI gP (ad TFTP serv I OS f ilen ame, an d t he Tr oubleshoot . Full ofisprwact icaly ou ex er cises t h atit gso et tyhou f oralw challenges on tthhe j ob,ur e se t he ing I OSexam f ilenam e as h en dow nload at yr eady ou can ay s look up e feat CCNP Pr act icalneed St ud ties: Tr oublesh in gory g ives y ou ovnew er t he it ionext hr ough r ealm ay o erase Flash oot m em befor e wan r it edg in g et he imcom age.pet Each clam at ion point ( ! w or ld ap plicat ion r of and WAN ver t opificat ics. ion of t he im age occur s aft er t he im age is w r it t en t o Flash t r ansfer ed LAN . A checksum w hen t he soft war e u pgr ade is com plet e. CCNP Pr acty ical ud ies: oublesh in g ifp rnecessar ovides y youw w it h p ract ical mat ion onion. all A t hgood e 9 . Verif t he St I OS up grTr ade and root eload it hout savin g tinf h eorconfig ur at indica im porand t ant itcon cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g say s " r out er w ill b e 0x 210 2 at nex t r eload. " Make sur e t h at y ou ar e back t o t he nor m al

Ex am ple B- 5 d isp lays a samp le 251 4 u pgr ad e out pu t .

Exa m pl e B-5 . Upg r adi ng t h e I OS on a 2 5 1 4 ( Run f r om Fla sh D ev ice) •

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r1(config)#config-register 0x2101 CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

r1(config)#end ...Pub lish er:

Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

r1#reload I SBN:

1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0

Proceed with reload? [confirm] 00:18:07: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r1(boot)#copy tftp flash Wit h t his b ook, you can: System flash directory: File Set Length Name/status u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 1 5726508 c2500-i-l.120-9 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k [5726572 bytes used, 11050644 available, 16777216 total] I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oubor leshoot an d u t ilit ies Address nameing oft ools remote host [255.255.255.255]? 192.168.5.18 Diagn ose name? and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Source file c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Destination file name [c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin]? Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Accessing file 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' on 192.168.5.18... " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Loading c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin from 192.168.5.18 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK] Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e FlashApp contains Are oot youingsure wantt oto erase? ly a lay erfiles. ed t rou blesh met hyou odology r eallife rou[confirm] t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Copy 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' from server Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on as 'c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin' WITH Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot ininto g ( CI Flash T) t op ics t hat erase? p r ep are [yes/no]y y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. eeee ...erased CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Loading from 192.168.5.18 Ethernet0): im por t antc2500-js-l.120-21a.bin con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of(via t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ... [OK - 10253564/16777216 bytes] Verifying checksum... •

OK (0xFA32)

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•Flash copy I took ndex 0:05:55 [hh:mm:ss] CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

r1(boot)#show flash By Donna L. Har rington System flash directory: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

File

Length

Name/status

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

1

Pages: 84 0 10253564

c2500-js-l.120-21a.bin

[10253628 bytes used, 6523588 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble r1(boot)#configure t icket s b ased on Cisco Iterminal n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: r1(boot)(config)#config-register 0x2102 r1(boot)(config)#end Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r1(boot)#reload Est ablish a baseline has and docu y our ph Save? ysical and logical n et w or k System configuration beenment modified. [yes/no]:n I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Proceed with reload? [confirm] t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Upgrading Software Images with TFTP Programs and Flash Cards, Includi " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Follow t he sam e concep t s as in t he pr eceding sect ion t o u pgr ade sof t w ar e imag es usin g a PC- b ased ser v er. Analy Learn ze local t h e spand ecifrics emof ot e t h access e applicat pr oblem ion you s inchoose Et hernt et o use, net wsu orch ks,as in Pu clud ming pKin, issues 3 CDaem w it h on, Cisco t he rig cabling, ht d irectsporeed y locat andion du plex and ,muak t ilizat e sur ion e tand he TFTP collisions, applicat b andw ion isidt u ph, and CSMA/ ru nnin CD,g.onVer e- wifay y t hat lin k,y our I pr oper aut ly oonnegot you riat TFTP ion, ser addr v er essing and ,t he encapsulat rou t er / sw ion, it chand d evmor ice.ePer for m t he up gr ade as in t h e follow ing Ex amApp ple ly B- 6a ulay ses er ed a PC t rou Car blesh d ( PCMCI oot ingA)met in hslot odology 1 t o per t o rfor ealm life t h isrou upg t ing radand e. Some swit chin d evgices hav e ex t r a s t hat tenv he Flash iron ment mem s or y on t he car d is par t it ioned an d for m at t ed f or t he appr opr iat e d ev ice. Th is ex e accid en t ally upg rad e t o an I OS t hat you r ph ysical RAM does not supp ort . Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act Fla ical ex cisest he t h at3g6et2y0ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Exa m pl e B-6 . Vi ew in g t he sher on CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r4#show slot1: im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

PCMCIA Slot1 flash directory: File

Length

1

13459880

2

893

3

6945008 I ndex c3620-io3-mz.122-8.T4.bin

• •

Name/status c3620-is-mz.122-8.T.bin startup-config [deleted]

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

[20405976 bytes used, 565544 available, 20971520 total] By Donna L. Har rington

20480K bytes of processor board PCMCIA Slot1 flash (Read/Write) Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, r4#show flash

20 03

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

System flash Pages: 84 0 directory: File 1

Length

Name/status

3971288

c3620-d-mz.113-9.T

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble [3971352 bytes used, 12805864 available, 16777216 total] t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. 16384K board System flash (Read/Write) Wit h t hisbytes b ook, of you processor can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Slot 1: is am ong t he m any diff er ent t y pes of Flash available. Ot hers in clu de slot 0: , f lash: , b oot flash: andt odocu ment ysical et wpar or kt icu lar dev ice. Alt ern at ive showEst f laablish sh [ a a ll ]baseline com m and det er m iney our t h e ph t y pe and and st at logical u s for ynour di r sl ot 0 : or di r sl ot 1 : com m ands t o check t heir cont ent s. I f t he Flash is read- only, you can' t w r it e dent if y t r oublesh oot ing get using pin g, t r er ace, sh ow clear debu g, tan d ot her m ode by set t r un- f rIom - Flash device such ast ar t he 2 s500 series r out s, you m, ust dr,op b ack o RxBoot t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies don 't hav e Rx Boot m od e as a b oot h elper m ay h ave a boot f lash : m ode in st ead . I f not , y ou can st ill t hey ar e m uch m ore t ime- consum ing. Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

NO TE

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Ther e ar e m any v ar ian ces w it h equipm ent and flash t y pes. For ex am ple, t he f lash car d may h a Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h y ou can erase a file using t h e de le t e com m and. How ev er, in m any cases y ou m ust t hen issue cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, t ak en u p b y t he d elet ed file. Resear ch y our sp ecific r equir em en t s using y our CCO account on C aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s I h ave p hy sical conn ect iv it y ( v ia a cr ossov er cable) bet w een m y PC ( host a) t hat I am u sing as a TFT Alt ern at ively , you m ust con figu re you r I P set t ings, includ in g t he def ault g at eway , t o ensur e I P com m Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on adv ant ag es of usin g PC Card s for slot 0 : or slot 1: because y ou can easily t r ansf er t he im age t o t he i Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP need t o f ir st g et t h e imag e t o t he PC Car d, in w hich a TFTP/ FTP ser v er and I P can be qu it e helpf ul. O Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, im ages include t h e boot syst em com man ds. For exam ple, y ou can t est an im age b y boot ing t o an im CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealup gr ade. These boot syst em com man ds ar e r ead f irst w it h t h e config ur at ion r egist er set t o t he def a w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. conf ig ur at ion ( NVRAM) . An exam p le of a boot syst em com man d is as follow s: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

boot system flash slot1:c3620-is-mz.122-8.T.bin •

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•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

NO TE

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 58 720 -0 57you -0 r exist ing config ur at ion f or exist ing boot syst em com m ands. Wit h out t hem, Alw ays1-analyze boot Pages:syst 84 0em com man ds t o load a m or e up- t o- dat e lar ger oper at ing syst em f rom eit h er a t f t p s flash m em or y av ailab le. I f t h er e ar e m ult iple b oot sy st em com m and s t hey ar e r ead in or der. Y can t yp e no in f ron t of each on e t o delet e t h em indiv idually . Rem em ber t o save y our ru nnin g- c boot syst em com man ds.

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. I conf igur ed m y e0 int er face as 1 0. 1. 1. 1 255 .2 55. 2 55. 0 and host a ( t he TFTP ser ver ) as 1 0. 1. 1. 2 25 up 3CD aem on Wit thh tehis b ook, youTFTP can: ser v er on host a. As a pr ecaut ion , I copied my ex ist in g con figu rat ion and t h e Set an d f.ollow along it h realor ld lab scenar ios aligned t o teach ic, w it h or Exa m pluep B-7 Ba ck in g wUp t he wConf ig ur a t ion a nd Sof w a rex e am I mt op a ge w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r4#copy run tftp I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Remote host []? 10.1.1.2 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Name of configuration file to write [r4-confg]? Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g WriteUse file on host 10.1.1.2? [confirm] in st rr4-confg u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Building " Snif f"configuration... t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Writing r4-confg .!!r em [OK] Analy ze local and ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r4#copy tftp aut o flash negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Appflash ly a laydirectory: er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g System env iron ment s File Length Name/status Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( I nt er net wc3620-d-mz.113-9.T ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 1 r)3971288 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr actbytes ical St ud ies: Tr12805864 oublesh ootavailable, in g g ives y ou16777216 an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal[3971352 used, total] w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 10.1.1.2 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Source file name? c3620-d-mz.113-9.T Destination file name [c3620-d-mz.113-9.T]? Verifying checksum for 'c3620-d-mz.113-9.T' (file # 1)...

OK

Copy 'c3620-d-mz.113-9.T' from Flash to server • •

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as 'c3620-d-mz.113-9.T'? [yes/no]y I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

...Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Upload to server done Pages: 84 0

Flash device copy took 00:00:23 [hh:mm:ss]

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tNow icketrseview b asedt hon Cisco I n tw ern et w Tr oubcop leshoot ( CIFlash T) t opics. e files t hat ere p ror evkiously ied tin o gt he car d and upg rad e t he in t ern al Flash t o and past e t he f ilenam e r at her t h an t yp e it . Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Exa m pluep B-8 Upgalong r adi ng h e Iwnt n alscenar Fla sh r om Slot 1 : ex am t op ic, w it h or Set an d f.ollow w it ht realor e ld rlab ios faligned t o each w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k r4#sh slot1: I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies PCMCIA Slot1 flash directory: ose andName/status t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided File Diagn Length Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g 1

13459880 c3620-is-mz.122-8.T.bin Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

2

893 startup-config [deleted] " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

3 Analy 6945008 ze localc3620-io3-mz.122-8.T4.bin and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, [20405976 bytes used, 20971520 aut o negot iat ion, addr565544 essing , available, encapsulat ion, and mor etotal] 20480K processor board PCMCIA Slot1 Appbytes ly a layof er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o rflash eal- life(Read/Write) rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on r4#copy slot1:c3620-is-mz.122-8.T.bin flash: Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, System flash directory: CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. File Length Name/status CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im 1 por t ant con cep t c3620-d-mz.113-9.T s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g 3971288

[3971352 bytes used, 12805864 available, 16777216 total] Destination file name [c3620-is-mz.122-8.T.bin]? Verifying checksum for 'c3620-is-mz.122-8.T.bin' (file # 1)...

OK

Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] •

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•Flash contains I ndex files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm] CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna Copy 'c3620-is-mz.122-8.T.bin' L. Har rington from slot1: device

as into flash: device WITH erase? [yes/no]y Pub 'c3620-is-mz.122-8.T.bin' lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: ...erased

84 0

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket [OK s-b ased 13459880/16777216 on Cisco I n t ern etbytes] w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, copy you can: Flash device took 00:02:16 [hh:mm:ss] Verifying checksum... OK (0x7A7B) Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment r4#reload Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Proceed with reload? [confirm] I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her System Bootstrap, EARLY DEPLOYMENT RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) t r oub leshoot ing tVersion ools an d 11.1(20)AA2, u t ilit ies C3600Diagn processor 32768 main ose and with t r oublesh oot Kbytes act u al prof oblem s bymemory f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Main memory is configured to 32 bit mode with parity disabled Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0xcd608c " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Error : memory requirements exceed available memory Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and :du0x02193BAC plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Memory required aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e *** System received a Software forced crash *** App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron mentcode= s signal= 0x17, 0x4, context= 0x0 Desig for aspir ingCause CCNP =and CCI E(Status r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on PC = ned 0x800080d4, 0x20, Reg = 0x3041f003 Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Alt hou gh you f ollow ed t he cor r ect pr ocedu res f or copy ing a f ile f r om slot 1: t o t h e int ern al Flash , y ou CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e v er ify you hav e enou gh RAM and Flash m em or y av ailab le for t h e im age in w hich y ou w ant t o up gr a im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

exp er ience Xm odem fir st h and, becau se t hat is how t o r ecov er . Fir st , go back t o Cisco.com an d dow and t h e RAM and Flash t hat y ou h ave. I n m y lab, I P an d I PX ar e requ ired, so I dow n load ed t h e app y ou b r eak ou t of t h e r ep eat in g er r or m essage an d end up in ROM m onit or m od e. Alt h ough n ot r equ console sp eed using confr eg on t h e r out er and t h e t erm inal set t ing s on t he t er m in al em ulat or pr og m ism at ch.

Exa m pl e B-9 ngi • Table.ofCha Content s ng t h e Con sol e Sp ee d on t h e Rou t e r •

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

confreg

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Configuration

Summary

Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 enabled are: Pages: 84 0

load rom after netboot fails console baud: 9600 boot: image specified by the boot system commands Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. or default to: cisco2-C3600 Wit h t his b ook, you can: do you wish to change the configuration? y/n

[n]:

y

enable mode"? y/n n scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or Set u"diagnostic p an d f ollow along w it h real-[n]: w or ld lab w it hout t h e act ual equip ment enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub"use leshoot ingzero t ools broadcast"? an d u t ilit ies y/n [n]: n enable all Diagn ose and t r oublesh act u al pry/n oblem[n]: s by f ollow enable "break/abort hasoot effect"? n ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es enterAnaly rate: 0 = and 9600, 1 e=access 4800,pr oblem 2 = 1200, 3 =et 2400 ze local r em ot s in Et hern net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 4 = 19200, 5 =iat38400, = 57600, 7 = 115200 aut o negot ion, addr6essing , encapsulat ion, and [0]:7 mor e change characteristics? y/n [n]: t onr eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g Appthe ly a boot lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology env iron ment s Configuration Summary Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on enabled are: Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, load netboot fails oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP rom Pr actafter ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. console baud: 115200 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ralby t o tthe h e t rboot oubleshoot ing commands por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g boot: image specified system

or default to: cisco2-C3600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n

[n]:

n

You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect rommon 2 >reset •

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Con t inue t h e Xm odem dow n load in Ex am ple B- 10 . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

Exa mI SBN: pl e 1-B-1 Usi 58 7200-0. 57 -0 ng Xm ode m on t h e 3 6 2 0 t o D ow n load a n I m a ge f r om t h Pages: 84 0

rommon 13 > xmodem -c c3620-d-mz.121-18.bin Do not start the sending program yet... Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on size Cisco I n t ern et w or kChecksum Tr oub leshootFile in g ( CI T) t opics. File name Wit h t his b ook, you can: 10506692 bytes (0xa051c4)

0x2b5d

c3620-js-mz.121-17

WARNING: data flash will be lost! Set u pAll an dexisting f ollow along w it in h realw or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Invoke this application only for disaster recovery. Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her Readyt r oub to leshoot receive ingfile t ools c3620-d-mz.121-18.bin an d u t ilit ies ... Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g u ctodem or - d evpr elop edurpes robare lemin - isolat ion on m ett he hods t oerr esolv ouble s t he t er m inal em Now tUse h at in t hst e rXm oced it ialized r out , do teheTrsam e tTick h rouetgh Hy perTer m , as illust r at ed in Figur e B- 3. " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r e eB- 3 . St a r t i ng Xm odem on Hy p aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, Figu and mor App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his ook,r>you can: Select Tra bnsfe Se nd f r om t he Hyp er Term menu . Specify t h e imag e nam e an d locat ion and st art t h erasing Flash at var ious mem or y locat ion s, pr ogr am min g Flash at v ariou s m em or y locat ion s. When Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Download Cat alyComplete! st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g program load complete, 0x80008000, 0x587050 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop entry ed p robpoint: lem - isolat ion m et hods size: t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Self "decompressing Snif f" t he w ir e t othe sp otimage n et w or:k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ################################################################################### cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ################################################################################### env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ################################################################################### Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ################################################################################### CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

############# # [OK]

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The r ou t er shI ndex ould t hen boot u p as nor m al. You can use t h e confi g- re gist e r com m and t o set t he r e • tCCNP he dow nload) Reload an dshoot t h ening t est t hings as in Ex am ple B- 11 . Copy t he new im age f rom Flash t o P ra cti cal St.udi es: Tr ouble ensur e y our b oot code is cur r ent . Th is may requ ire a soft w ar e up gr ade sim ilar t o t h e pr eceding ex e By Donna L. Har rington

ExaPubmlishpler:e Cisco B-1Press 1 . Ver i f yi ng t h e Xm odem Dow nl oad Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

r4#dir flash: Directory of flash:/ 5796204 date>w itc3620-d-mz.121-18.bin Hand1s- on-rwpr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshootenable Router#configure terminal Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Router(config)#hostname ts Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ts(config)#enable password donna Wit h t his b ook, you can: ts(config)#line vty 0 4 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or ts(config-line)#login w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ts(config-line)#password donna Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ts(config-line)#logging I dent if y t r oublesh oot ingsynchronous t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies ts(config-line)#exec-timeout 30 Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided ts(config-line)#exit Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ts(config)#interface loopback 0 - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem " Snif f" t he w ir e address t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ts(config-if)#ip 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h ts(config-if)#no shut cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ts(config-if)#exit App ly a lay er ed t rou ts(config)#ip host ? blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s WORD Name of host Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ts(config)#ip host r1 ? Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal Default telnet port number w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. A.B.C.D Host IP address (maximum of 8) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ts(config)#ip host r1 1.1.1.1 ? A.B.C.D

Host IP address (maximum of 8)

ts(config)#ip host r1 ? • •

Table of Content s

Default telnet port number

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

A.B.C.D

Host IP address (maximum of 8)

By Donna L. Har rington

ts(config)#ip host r1 2001 1.1.1.1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ts(config)#ip host Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 r2 2002 1.1.1.1 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

ts(config)#ip host r3 2003 1.1.1.1 Pages: 84 0

ts(config)#ip host r4 2004 1.1.1.1 ts(config)#ip host r5 2005 1.1.1.1 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ts(config)#line 1 16 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ts(config-line)#transport input ? Wit h t his b ook, you can: all

All protocols

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or lat DEC LAT protocol w it hout t h e act ual equip ment mopEst ablish DECa baseline MOP Remote Console and docu ment Protocol y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k nasi protocol I dent if yNASI t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies none No protocols Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided padCat aly st X.3 PADand Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g ( r ) OS Use in stUnix r u ct orrlogin - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s rlogin protocol " Snif f" TCP/IP t he w ir e Telnet t o sp ot nprotocol et w or k issu es telnet Analy zeAsync local and ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h v120 overr em ISDN cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ts(config-line)#transport input all App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g ts(config-line)#no exec env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Sav e and the t erm inal ser ver ( tgs)g final rat ion . The p ercom t inent t s tar in Exr am CCNP Pr actdisplay ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in ives ycon ou figu an edg e ov er t he petpar it ion hreough eal-ple C2 . w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Exa pl econ C-cep 2 .t sTe rm alt hSer v e r r un ning ing -conf im porm t ant cen t ralint o e t r oubleshoot por t ion ofigt he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

ts#copy running-config startup-config ts#show running-config hostname ts •

Table of Content s

•enable password I ndex donna CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna ip hostL. r1 Har rington 2001 1.1.1.1

ip Pub host r2Cisco 2002 lish er: Press1.1.1.1 Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

ip host r3 2003 1.1.1.1 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Pages: 84 0 ip host r4 2004 1.1.1.1

ip host r5 2005 1.1.1.1 interface Loopback0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket ip address s b ased on 1.1.1.1 Cisco I n255.0.0.0 t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t con his b 0 ook, you can: line transport input none Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or line w1it hout 16 t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k transport input all I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her no exec t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies line Diagn aux 0ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g line vty 0 4 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s password donna " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es exec-timeout 30 0 Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling,donna sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, password aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e logging synchronous App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s login Desig end ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Now t h at t h e t erm inal ser v er is con figu red, ver ify it s op er at ion. The t er m in al ser v er essent ially CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e connect s t o it s ow n loop back add ress v ia t elnet by in it iat ing t he conn ect ion out an asy nchr onou s im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

line. Refer b ack t o Figur e C- 2 f or an illust rat ion of t h e asy nch ron ous line n um bers st art in g w it h 20 01 and incr em ent ing by 1. Use t he h ost s t able t o con nect t o all devices as in Ex am ple C- 3 . Wit hou t a host s t ab le on t he t er min al ser v er , y ou need t o issu e t he f ollow in g com m ands t o connect t o t he fiv e devices show n:

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

!!!to connect to r1 Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03

ts#telnet 1.1.1.1 2001 I SBN: 158 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

!!!to connect to r2 ts#telnet 1.1.1.1 2002 !!!to connect to r3 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tts#telnet icket s b ased1.1.1.1 on Cisco2003 I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you !!!to connect to can: r4 ts#telnet 1.1.1.1 2004 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment !!!to connect to r5 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k ts#telnet 1.1.1.1 2005 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Exa m pl e C- 3 . Ope n in g t he Ter m i na l Se r ve r Conn ect i on s

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es ts#show sessions Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h % No cabling, connections opendu plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, sp eed and aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e ts#show hosts App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment sis not set Default domain Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Name/address lookup usesand domain service Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ingare exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Name servers 255.255.255.255 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Age Type Host Flags Address(es) CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in OK) g p r ovides y ou w it1.1.1.1 h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e r1 (perm, 4 IP im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r2

(perm, OK)

4

IP

1.1.1.1

r3

(perm, OK)

4

IP

1.1.1.1

r4

(perm, OK)

4

IP

1.1.1.1

r5

(perm, OK)

4

IP

1.1.1.1

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

ts#r1

By Donna L. Har rington

Trying r1 (1.1.1.1, 2001)... Open Pub lish er: Cisco Press

r1>Pub

Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

r1>!!!I am pressing Ctrl+Shift+6,x to return to the ts console Pages: 84 0

ts#r2 Hand s- onr2pr(1.1.1.1, act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Trying 2002)... Open t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. r2> Wit h t his b ook, you can: r2>!!!I am pressing Ctrl+Shift+6,x to return to the ts console Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment ts#r3Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k Trying r3if y(1.1.1.1, 2003)... I dent t r oublesh oot ing t ar getOpen s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies r3> Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided r3>!!!I Cat aly amstpressing ( r ) OS and Ctrl+Shift+6,x Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w to ar ereturn com m and to inp theutts , ouconsole t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s ts#r4" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy local and r 2004)... em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h Trying r4ze(1.1.1.1, Open cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, r4> aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g r4>!!!I am pressing Ctrl+Shift+6,x to return to the ts console env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ts#r5 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealTrying (1.1.1.1, w or ld apr5 plicat ion of LAN2005)... and WAN tOpen op ics. r5> CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

r5>!!!I am pressing Ctrl+Shift+6,x to return to the ts console ts#

Not ice t hat I Table t y pedof tContent he h osts n am e of each dev ice t o open a connect ion t o it . Alt h ough not a • necessit y, t his r ender s t he t rou blesh oot ing easier because I aligned r 1 w it h asyn c line 1 ( 20 01) , • I ndex r 2 wit h asy nc line 2 ( 20 02) , and so on. The com m and sequ en ce t o leave t he connect ion open, CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing bu t r et ur n t o t h e t erm inal ser v er is Ct r l+ Sh ift + 6, x . I f you w ant t o discon nect , you can issue By Harsession rington # . View t h e open session s in Ex am ple C- 4 . diDonna sconnL.ect Pub lish er: Cisco Press 03 w i ng t h e O pen Te r m in al Ser v er Con ne ct i ons ExaPub mDat ple:e April C- 40 4,. 20 Vie I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

ts#show sessions Conn Host

Address

Byte

Idle Conn Name

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 1 r1 1.1.1.1 0 8 r1 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h2 t r2 his b ook, you can:

1.1.1.1

0

8 r2

3 r3 1.1.1.1 48 8 r3 Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or 4 wr4 1.1.1.1 51 8 r4 it hout t h e act ual equip ment *

ment y our ph ysical and0logical7n et 5 Est r5ablish a baseline and docu 1.1.1.1 r5w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

oublesh preoblem s by ollow session ing along w it ht haut ovided Ex amDiagn ple C-ose 4 shand ows t rt hat r1 t hoot rouact gh ur al 5 ar cur r ent ly fopen s and at rh5orispt rhe d ef ault Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g because t he ast er isk ( * ) d isp lays t o t he lef t of it . Th e defau lt session is t he on e you end up in if y ou p r ess t h e Ent er k ey as I d o in t he f ollowin g ou t pu t . Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s ts# Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on [Resuming connection 5 bleshoot to r5 ... Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou in g ( ] CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, r5> CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

This t im e, t y pe r5 f r om t he t er m inal ser ver r at her t h an just t he n um ber 5 as in Ex am ple C- 5 .

Exa m pl e C- 5 . Conn e ct i on Ref u se d by Re m ot e Host

ts#r5 •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Trying r5cal(1.1.1.1, 2005)... CCNP P ra cti St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

% Connection refused by remote host Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 ts#show line Pages: 84 0

Tty Typ *

Tx/Rx

0 CTY

A Modem -

-

Roty AccO AccI -

-

-

Uses

Noise

5

0

Overruns 0/0

Int -

* 1 TTY 9600/9600 1 0 0/0 Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. * 2 TTY 9600/9600 1 0 0/0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: * 3 TTY 9600/9600 * *

-

-

-

-

-

1

0

0/0

-

4 Set TTYu p an 9600/9600 - w it - ld lab - scenar - ios aligned 1 0 ex am 0/0t op ic, w it h - or d f ollow along h real- w or t o each w it hout t h e act ual equip ment 5 TTY 9600/9600 1 0 0/0 Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k 6 TTY 9600/9600 0 0 0/0 I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her r oub leshoot ing t ools -an d u t ilit ies 7 t TTY 9600/9600 0 0 0/0 -

*

and t r oublesh act u al pr-oblem-s by follow ing 0along w 11 it h aut424/1283 h or- p r ovided 8 Diagn TTY ose 9600/9600 - oot Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

*

9 TTY 9600/9600 0 20 413/1239 Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s 10 TTY 9600/9600 " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

-

-

0

52

332/997

-

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Lin e 5 is alr eady op en , bu t y ou really only n eeded t o t y pe 5 t o get t o it in t h e fir st p lace. How ev er ,lyit alook et hing as alr eady using tline 8 and 9 in and t he swit p revchin iousg exam p le. App lay serlike ed tsom rou blesh ootwing met h odology o r eallife line rou t ing Clear env t hese ironlines mentas s in Ex am ple C- 6 so t hat t hey ar e av ailab le for u se. Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( net Trou in g u ( CI T)dt op t hat r ep y ou for t he CCNP Exa mr)plI nt e erC6w . ork Conn ebleshoot ct i on Ref se byicsRe mpot e are Host Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. ts#clear line 8 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[confirm] [OK] ts#clear line 9 [confirm] • •

Table of Content s

[OK]

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing

ts#show line

By Donna L. Har rington

Tty Typ

Tx/Rx

A Modem

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Hand on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr ing AN t r ouble* 4 s-TTY 9600/9600 - oubleshoot - exam - w it h TCP/ 1 I P, LAN, 0 an d W 0/0 t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. * 5 TTY 9600/9600 1 0 0/0 Wit h t his b ook, you can: 6 TTY

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Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g u ct or - d ev elop ion hods t o r0esolv e Tr52 ouble332/997 Tick et s 10 Use TTYin st r9600/9600 - ed p rob - lem - isolat - m et -

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15 TTY 9600/9600 0 0 0/0 Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP 16 TTY 9600/9600 0 0 0/0 Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal17 AUX 9600/9600 0 0 0/0 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. 18 VTY - oot in g p-r ovides - y ou- w it h p ract 0 ical inf or 0 mat ion 0/0 CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X]

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBO L] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] 10 ,0 00 -Mbps Eth ernet 2nd 10 -Mbps Et hernet 2nd 10 0- Mbps Et hern et 2nd 10 00 -Mbp s Eth ernet 19 00 swit ch

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accessing CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing 19 00 swt iches By Donna L. Har rington HTTP 29 00 swit ch Pub lish er: Cisco Press passwords Pub Dat e: and April 0 4, 20 03 pin g comm test ing I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 29 00 swit ches 84 0 Pages: conf iguring 3- way h andsh ak e sequences 35 12 XL swit ch conf iguring password

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble test ing t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. tr oubleshoot in g

36 00 series r out ers

Wit h t his b ook, you can: show flash com m and 80 2. 2 SAP headers, Et h er net f ram e for mat 2nd

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A ] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] abov e baselines, bu ilding access list s met hods switch es access cont ro l listTable s ( ACLs) • of Content s Access Cont rol List s ( ACLs) • I ndex debu g comm CCNP P ra cti cal and St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Access Lay er By Donna L. Har rington accou nt ing man agement Pub lish er: en Cisco Press ack nowledgem t s ( ack s) Dat e:con April 4, s) 20 03 ACLsPub (access t rol0list ACLs (Access I SBN:Cont 1- 58 rol720 List -0s)57 -0 debuPages: g comm84 and 0 act iv e m onit ors addin g rout ing prot ocols sta tic Fram e Rela y ma ps Address Reso lu t ion Prot ocol ( ARP)

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tab les t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. addresses

Witbroadcast h t his b ook, you can: Et hernet 2nd Fra me Relay 2nd I P 2nd Set

u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or act ual equip ment

subn et s 2ndt h e w it hout

sum mariza tion 2nd local Est m ult ablish icast

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

MAC I IPdent if y

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

NATt r oub leshoot ing Nov ell 2nd

Diagn adm inist rat ion ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

aly st ( r ) shutCat down

Adv anced Search Too l (TAC)

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

adv ant ages

of VLANs[ adv ant ages

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

VLANs]

adv ert isem ent s

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, loo pback s in EI GRP aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

CDP

algorit hm s DUAL App ly

a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

SPFenv iron ment s American Wire Gau ge (AWG) ana lyingned Desig

for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on 3-way e sequ en ces Cisco( r) han I ntdshak er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ana lysis Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, BPDUPr2nd CCNP act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealana zers w orlyld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. prot ocols 2nd

CCNP ana lyzinPr g act ical

St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por host t-tant o- host con conn cep ectt s ivitcen y t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

I P h ea der s I PX clien t st art up I PX headers I PX RI P headers prot ocols RConsole SPX p ack et s

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RI P packet s rout es

Table of Content s I ndex

SPAN CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Teln et By Donna Har Applicat ionL.Lay errington ( Lay er 7 ) applicat ion- specific int egrat ed circuit s ( ASI Cs) applicat Pubions lish er: Cisco Press Nov PubellDat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I ntIernet er720 2nd SBN: Lay 1- 58 -0 57 -0 Transpo rt La yer 2nd Pages: 84 0 Upper-Lay er 2nd port n um ber s TCP/ I P 2nd I nt ernet Lay er 2nd Transpo rt La yer 2nd

HandUpper-Lay s- on pr act ice for er Layer 2nd t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Teln et apply ing

Witrout h ters hisasb Fram ook,e you Relaycan: swit ch es

2nd

Sn iff er Pro 2nd arch itect u re

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Cat5 00 0/ Cat 600 0 2nd

select ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd 24t h 25 t h 26t h 27t h 28t ha 29t h 30t h 31st d 33rd 34t h y 35t h 36t 37t h 38tand h 39tlogical h 40t h 41st Est ablish baseline and32ndocu ment our phh ysical n et42n w ord k43rd 44t h 45t h 46t h 47t h 48t h 49 t h 50t h 51st 52n d 53rd 54t h 55t h 56t h 57t h 58t h 59t h 60t h 61st 62n d 63rd 64t h 65t h 66t h 67t h 68t h 69t h 70t h 71st 72n d 73 rd 74t h 75t if h y76tt rhoublesh 77t h 78t hoot 79ting h 80tt ar h 81st d 83rdpin 84tg, h 85t h 86t hsh 87t h 88t h 89t,h debu 90t h 91st 92n 93rd I dent get s82n using t r ace, ow , clear g, an d dot her94t h 95t h 96t h 97 t h 98t 99t hleshoot 100 t h 101 nd an 103drdu104 105 t h 106 t h 107 t h 108 t h 109 t h 110 t h 111 t h 112 t h 113 t h 114 t h 115 t h 116 t h t rhoub ingst t102 ools t ilitt hies 11 7t h 118 t h 119 t h 120 t h 121 st 122 nd 123 rd 124 t h 125 t h 126 t h 127 t h 128 t h 129 t h 130 t h 131 st 132 nd 133 rd 134 t h 135 t h 13 6t h 137 t h 138 t h 139 t h 141 stoot 142 nd Diagn ose andt h t140 r oublesh act u al ARP

pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

in verse ARP 2nd

Use st r uand ct or - d ev elop ed show arp in comm

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

ARP ( Address Resolu t ion Pr ot ocol)

" Snif f" t he w ir e tdo clear arp- cach e com man

sp ot n et w or k issu es

no ip prox y -ar p com m and

Analy ze tab les

local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, eed and duedplex , its) u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, ASI Cs ( applicat ion-sp specific int egrat circu aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e aut h en t icat ion CHAP

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

aut o fr ame- ty pe d et ect ion aut om at ic sum marizat ion closing

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on aut on egot ia tion h iera rchy Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP AWG (Am er ican Wir e Ga uge) Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B ] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] back - to- back conf ig urat ion (Fram e Relay ) 2nd Back up conf igurat ion backup in t er faces back up int erf ace Table com maofndContent s • back up , dial 2nd I ndex • backup CCNP Psra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Trouble Ticket s 2nd By Donna L. Har rington backward explicit congest ion not if icat ion ( BECN) 2nd baseban d sign aling Pub lish er: Cisco Press baselines Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 WANDL baselining I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 I PX Pages: 84 0 tr oubleshoot in g 2nd Basic Ra te I nt erf ace (BRI ) 2nd conf iguring Basic Ra te I nt erf aces ( BRI s) BEC (Gigabit Eth erChan nel)

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble BECN ( backward explicit con gest ion n ot ificat ion) 2nd t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. befor ey ou beg in

BGP (Bord er Gat eway Prot ocol) 2nd

Wit h t his b ook, you can: Fra me Relay big- en dian sy stem s binar y place alues Set uv p an d2ndf ollow binar y places v alutes w it hout he

along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or act ual equip ment

bindery bindin gEst ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

I PX bit s

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

C/ Rt r oub leshoot ing EA

Diagn ose Fra me Relay blades

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

rout ers 2nd

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

boot helper m ode

BOOTP (Boot st rap Prot ocol)

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Boot st rap Prot ocol ( BOOTP)

Border Gat eway Pro tocol ( BGP) 2nd

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, bou ncing aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Fra me Relay

in t er faces BPDU

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

analysis 2nd ment s env iron BRI ( Basic Rat e I nt erfa ce) 2nd confned iguring Desig for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on bridges Cisco( 2nd r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP VLANs Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, BRI s (Basic Rate I nt St erf ud ace)ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical broadb and net work s w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. broadcast addr esses

CCNP Prdom broadcast act ains ical

St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por VLANs t ant 2ndcon cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

conf iguring 2nd tr aff ic t y pes 2nd VMPS broadcast s domain s 2nd buildin g layer 2 baselin es

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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bin ary place CCNP P ra cti cal values St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing CAM (con t en t addressa ble mem ory ) By Donna L. Har rington can onical nam es capt u ring Pub et lish pack s er: Cisco Press April 0 4, 20 03 capt uPub ringDat Sy e: slog carr ier sense I SBN:(CS) 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 carr ier sense Pages:mu 84lt0iple access collision det ect (CSMA/ CD) Cat 50 00 / Cat 60 00 arch it ect u re 2nd Cat OS switch es 2nd building Lay er 2 ba selin es tr oubleshoot in g 2nd

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble VTP st at ist ics t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. CCP (Cisco Cont ro l Prot ocol) CD ( collision det ect ion)

Wit h t his b ook, you can: CDaemon Syslog CDP ( Cisco Discov ery Pr ot ocol) 2nd CDPD (cellu cket dat a) Set lar u pdigit an al d pa f ollow along

w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

CEF (Cisco Ex press 2nd 3rdment w it hout t hForwarding e act ual ) equip cellular digita l packet dat a (CDPD) cent ral Est off ice ablish ( CO)

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Cha llenege Handshake Aut hen tica tion Pr oto col ( CHAP)

I dent y Han t r oublesh oot ing using CHAP (Ch allenifge dsha ke Au t hent icatt ar ionget Protsocol) r oub leshoot ing ch aractters

pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

t ools an d u t ilit ies

ping com ma nd

Diagn out put ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Cat st (mr )and OS tr acer outaly e com ch eck list s

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

tr oubleshoot in g

ch esap eak ebay swit ch , docum ent at ion

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

CI C (Cisco I n fo Cen t er )

CI DR ( Classless I nt erdom ain Rout ing)

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, approach t o t roublesh oot in g 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

CI R (Com m it t ed I nf ormat ion Rat e) 2nd Cisco

Cisco Cont rol Prot ocol (CCP) Cisco Discovery ( CDP) 2nd App ly aProt layocol er ed t rou blesh oot ing

met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

Cisco Ex press Fo rwarding env iron ment s (CEF) 2nd 3rd Cisco I nf o Cen ter (CI C) Cisco 2nd ing DesigMarket ned place for aspir

CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP CiscoWork s 2nd 3rd Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CiscoWork for ical Swit ched ernet s ( CWSI ) in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Prsact St udI nt ies: Trwork oublesh oot classes w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Cisco. 2nd w ork Cisco(com r) I(CCO) nt er net

I P add resses

CCNP PrI nt Classless act erdom icalain St Rout ud ies: ing (CI TrDR) oublesh oot in g im por clear arp-ca t antche con co mm cepand t s cen 2nd t ral

p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

clear coun ters com man d clear fram e-relay -in arp co mm and clear ip rou te com man d clear tr unk vlan # com m and clearing 290 0 switches coun ters

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exist ing swit ch conf igurat ion s

Table of Content s

norm al call clea ring

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CLI ( comm an d-line in t er face) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing CatOS-ba sed swit ches 2nd By Donna L. Har rington I OS- based swit ch es 2nd client s Micr Clien t Pubosoft lish er: Cisco Press NetWar Pub Dat e:e April 0 4, 20 03 CLNS ( Connect less work I SBN: ion 1- 58 720Net -0 57 -0 Prot ocol) clock r at e com man d Pages: 84 0 clock r at e st at em ent closing aut om atic sum m arizat ion CO ( cent ral o ff ice) code

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble I CMP tcollision icket s det b ased ect ion on ( CD)Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. collisions

Witbridges h t his2nd b ook, you can: domain s 2nd Com man d/ Respon se ( C/ R) bit

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

com man ds

back up in t er face

clear arpcach e 2nd Est ablish a baseline

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

clear cou nt ers clear f rameinarp I dent if rela y t ryoublesh oot ing clear rout e t r ip oub leshoot ing

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

clear t run k v lan# clock rat e ose Diagn

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

confCat ig-regist er( r ) aly st

conf igure t erm inal

st r u ct or - d ev elop ed copyUse t ft p in flash

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

debug

" Snif f" ACLs

t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

I OS tr oubleshoot in g t ools 2nd

Analy zepslocal Tim e St am

and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, debu g d ialer aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e debu g d ialer event s debu g f ram e-relay ev en t s

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

debu g f ram e-relay lm i 2nd 3rd debu g f ram e-relay pack et debu g ip bgp ?

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on debu g ip icm p Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP debu g ip ospf ? Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, debu g ip pack et CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealdebu g ip pack et det ail w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. debu g ip rip ev ent s

debuPr g ipx 2nd CCNP actpack icaletSt ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e debutgant isd ncon q 921 2nd im por cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

debu g p pp au t hent icat ion debu g p pp n ego tiat ion debu g serial int erface debu g serv ice tim est amps dia ler ma p dia ler- grou p dia ler- list 1 prot ocol ip perm it global

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dia ler- list prot oco l ip perm it

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display net work s

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en able CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing en cap f ram e-relay By Donna era se stL.artHar up-rington con fig fram e relay ro ut e fram e-realy in terf Press ace-dlci dlci# Pub lish er: Cisco fram in tf -t0y4, pe 20 dce Pub e-relay Dat e: April 03 fram e-relay localdlci-0 57 -0 I SBN: 158 720 Hayes Pages: 84 0 host nam e in t er face vlan # ip classless ip helper- address [ ipaddress] ip ht t p server

Hand pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble ipx sneton work t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ipx rout in g loa d m onit or

Wit h t his b ook, you can: logging I OS tr oubleshoot in g t ools 2nd show logging

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

log ging syn chro nous

no aut o-sum mary 2nd 3rd

no ip accessgrou f tp ou t Est ablish apbaseline

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

no ip ht t p server no ip proxy-ar I dent if y pt r oublesh oot ing no log ging leshoot ing t r oub

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

no shut 2nd 3rd no syn chro nizat Diagn ose ion and pin gCat aly st ( r )

t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

290 0 switches

Use inerstout r upu cttor - d ev elop ed charact

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Et hernet

" Snif f" ex t ended

t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

host nam es

ze localin gand I Analy OS tr oubleshoot t oolsr em 2nd ot e

access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, IP aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e I PX test ing

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

user-m ode pin g ipx

port m onit or

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on reload 2nd Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP set spant ree m ode mst Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, set t run k mo d# / port # ? CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealset t run k mo d# / port # mod w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. set v tp dom ain vt pn ame

sh inPr t swit in g St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP actchical owt ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g imsh por

I OS tr oubleshoot in g t ools 2nd I SDN show access-list s show arp show buf fers show cdp n eig hbors show cdp n eig hbors [ det ail]

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show cdp n eig hbors det ail

Table of Content s

show cont rollers 2nd 3rd

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show deb ug CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing show fram e-relay lm i 2nd By Donna L. Har rington show fram e-relay m ap 2nd show fram e-relay r out e show fram t raf f ic Pub lish er:e-relay Cisco Press show hoste:s April 0 4, 20 03 Pub Dat show I int erfaces SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 show int erfaces bri0 1 2 Pages: 84 0 show int erfaces eth ernet 0 show int erfaces serial 0 show int erfaces serial0 show ip bgp ? show ip bgp sum m ary

Hand s- ip onintpr show erfact aceice brieffor t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on show ip int erf ace s0Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. show ip ospf ?

Witshow h t his b ook, ip prot oco ls you can: show ipx int erfa ce et hernet 0 show ipx rou te

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

show ipx serv er s

show isdn hist ory

show isdn st at usa Est ablish

baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

show logging show mac if address I dent y t r oublesh oot ing show mem leshoot ory 2nd ing t r oub

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

show modu le show port 2nd Diagn ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

show prot ocols Cat aly st ( r2nd ) OS

show run int erf ace bri0

Use st rconf u ctigor - d ev elop ed show run in ning-

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

show spann ing- tr ee ?

" Snif f" show st acks

t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

show st art

Analy ze conf local and show st art upig 2nd

r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, show tech -su pport 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e show version show vlan

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

show vm ps

spann in g-t ree vlan 1

switch port mode tr unk I OS

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on term inla mon ito r ( t erm mon ) Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP t race Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, I OS tr oubleshoot in g t ools 2nd CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eallog ging w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. tr acer out e 2nd

CCNPcharact Pr acters ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ended im porext tant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

tr acer t write mem ory write- er ase com mit t ed bu rst Com mit t ed I n for mat ion Rat e ( CI R) 2nd Com mon Span ning Tree ( CST) com mu nicat ions

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prot ocols

com parison s

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Table of Content s I ndex

models CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing com ponen ts By Donna I SDN L. Har rington com pression con figister com man d Pubreg lish er: Cisco Press con figur io ne: April 0 4, 20 03 Pub atDat 290 0 I switches SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 351 2XL swit ch Pages: 84 0 ANSI LMI back -t o-b ack (Fram e Relay ) 2nd Backu p BPDU 2nd BRI

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble copyin g 2nd t icket s b ased Et herCh annel on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Et hernet

WitFra h me t hisRelay b ook, you swit ch es can: HSRP in t er faces IP

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

param et ers

I PX Est ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

log ging lowerlay erifdiscov ery I dent y t r oublesh oot ing mant agement r oub leshoot ing

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

rout ers mu lt ipoinose t int erfa Diagn andcest r oublesh oot scenario host Cat aly st ( r )

act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

SPI Ds

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed sta tic m aps

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

viewing

" Snif su bnet s f"

t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Fra me Relay

Analy ze switch es 2nd

local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, clear in g aut o negot term inal servers iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e upper-lay er discov er y

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

VLANs 2nd

con figur e t ermin al com ma nd

con nect ion- orien t ed Dat a Link Lay er t echno lo gy

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Con nect ionless Networ k Prot ocol (CLNS) Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP con nect ions Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Fram e Relay CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealtest ing w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. f rames

g ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNPtr oubleshoot Pr act icalinSt I SDN. [ Seecon alsocep I SDN] im por t ant t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

PPP lay ers 2nd tr oubleshoot in g 2nd ser ia l 0/ 0 con nect ivit y end- t o-end test ing

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ho st -t o-h ost test ing

Table of Content s I ndex

con nect ors CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing RJ- 45 By Har rington conDonna ta ctin gL. TAC con ten t addressab le mem ory ( CAM) con trPub ollers lish er: Cisco Press test Pubing Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 copy tf t pI SBN: f lash com 1- 58man 720 d-0 57 -0 copy ing Pages: 84 0 conf igurat ion conf igurat ions Core Lay er cost s, pat h es cou nt ers

Hand s-inon clear g pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tCPE icket s b ased onises Cisco I nent t ern ( cust om er prem equipm ) et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. crab rou ters, docum ent at ion

Wit t his br ook, you can: CRC h(cyclical edu ndan cy ch eck) crossover cables crossover Cat egory 5 in- line co uplers

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

CS ( carrier sen se)

CSMA/ CD (carr ier sense mu lt iple access collision det ect) CST ( Com Spann Tree) Estmon ablish a ing baseline

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

cu sto mer premises equ ipmen t (CPE) CPEI (cu st omer equ ipmen dent if y tpremises r oublesh oot ingt) t ar get s

using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

CWSI ( tCiscoWork s for Switch I n t er net s) ies r oub leshoot ing ted ools an dwork u t ilit cy clical r edu ndan cy ch eck (CRC)

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] D Ch ann el verif yin g DA (dest ina tion add ress) dam pening Dat a Carr ier Det ect ( DCD) dat • a gram s

Table of Content s

Dat er 2 ) • a Link Layer (Lay I ndex Dat a Set Ready ( DSR) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing dat a- lin k con nect ion id en t if ier ( DLCI ) By Donna L. Har rington dat agram s IP Pub lish er: Cisco Press headers e: AprilDet 0 4,ect) 20 03 DCD Pub (DatDat a Carrier DDR (dialI SBN: on- deman 1- 58 720 d ro-0ut57 ing) -0 2nd DDR (dialeron-84 deman d rou t ing) 2nd Pages: 0 DE (Discard Eligible) 2nd debug com man d ACLs debug com man ds I OS tr oublsh oot in g t ools 2nd

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Tim e St am ps t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. debug dialer com m and

debug dialer ev ent s comm and

Wit h t his b ook, you can: debug fr ame- relay ev ent s com man d debug fr ame- relay lmi comm and 2nd 3rd debug fr ameet com man d Set urelay p anpack d f ollow along debug ip bghout p ? com w it t hmeand act ual

w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or equip ment

debug ip icm p comm and debug ip Est ospf ablish ? comm a an baseline d

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

debug ip pa cket comm and

I dent if ydett rail oublesh oot ing debug ip pa cket comm and t r oub debug ip r ip evleshoot en t s coming m andt ools

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her an d u t ilit ies

debug ipx pack et co mm and 2nd

Diagn and oublesh oot debug isdn q92ose 1 com man tdr 2nd Cat aut alyhen st (ticat r ) OS andm and Cisco debug ppp ion com

act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

debug ppp negot iat ion comm and

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

debug serial in terf ace co mm and

debug serv ice t imest am ps comm and

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

debuggin g

pack et s

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, ser ia l int erfa ces aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e RI P

defau lt int erf ace set t ings defau lt sApp ly

a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

swit ches env iron ment s reset t ing desk t opned t oolsfor 2nd aspir ing Desig

CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP det ection Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, aut o Pr f ram y pe St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP acte-tical err ors w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. dest inat ion (DA) Cisco( r) Iaddress nt er net w ork

dev ices

CCNP test ing Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por dial b acku t ant p 2nd con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

dial str in gs, I SDN dial-on -dem and rou tin g ( DDR) 2nd dialer m ap comm an d dialer m ap- class stat em en t s dialer-gr oup comm an d dialer-list 1 p rot ocol ip permit comm an d dialer-list 1 p rot ocol ip permit global com m and dialer-on -dem and rout in g ( DDR) 2nd

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dialers

list s CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing tr oubleshoot in g By Donna Har rington didcon nectL. ions TCP Diff using Upd algorit hm ( DUAL) Pub lish er:ate Cisco Press Digital el Xerox X) 20 03 PubI ntDat e: April( DI 0 4, Digital Subscriber Lin es -0 (DSL) I SBN: 1- 58 720 57 -0 disabled sta tes Pages: 84 0 Discard Eligible (DE) 2nd discon t igu ous su bnet s discov ery labs Trouble Ticket s 2nd DI SL (Dyn am ic I n ter- Swit ch Link )

Hand on pr for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble display sn etwor ksact comice ma nd tDist icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ribut ion Layer DI X ( Digit al I nt el Xer ox)

Wit his ook, you DI X h Et hter netbf ram e for matcan: s 2nd DLCI (dat a- link co nnect ion ident ifier) DLCI . [ See also Fram e Relay ad dresses]

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

DNS ( Do main Nam e Sy st em) docu ment at io

labs Est ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Trouble Ticket s 2nd docu ment at ionif y I dent

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

CD-tROM r oub2nd leshoot ing rout ers tr oubleshoot in g 2nd Diagn ose and

t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

docu ment ion .st [ See aslin es] Catataly ( r ) also OS band Cisco DoD TCP/ I P suit e

Use in stinrgu2nd ct or - d ev elop ed tr oubleshoot

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Domain Name Sy st em (DNS)

" Snif f" dom ains

t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

broad cast

Analy2nd ze VLANs

local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, broadcast s 2ndsp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e collision bridges 2nd

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

collision s

set v tp dom ain vt pn ame comm an d TDR

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on dot 1Q (I EEE 80 2. 1Q) 2nd Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP driv ers Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, loa ding CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealDSL ( Digit al Su bscriber Lines) w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. DSR (Dat a Set Ready )

DUAL Updat algorit CCNP(Diff Prusin act gical Steud ies: hm Tr)oublesh oot in g duck rout ters im por ant

p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

docum ent at ion duck rou ters, b uilding Lay er 3 baselines dum ps, m emor y Dyn am ic I n ter- Swit ch Link ( DI SL)

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] EA (Ext ension ) bit s Echo Reply pack et s Echo Requ est pack et s ECN ( explicit congest ion not if ication ) edit ors

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EI • GRP

I ndex

red P istr ion St 2nd CCNP raibu ctitcal udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing EI GRP (Enh anced I GRP) 2nd By Donna L. Har rington Fra me Relay loopback s Pub lish er: Cisco Press advert ising PubellDat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Nov 2nd EI GRP (Enh I SBN: anced 1- 58 I nt720 erior -0 57 Gat -0eway Rou t in g Prot ocol) electr ostPages: atic disch 84 0arge ( ESD) enable comm and encap fr ame- relay com man d encapsulat ion Fra me Relay HDLC 2nd

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble lay ers t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. tr oubleshoot in g 2nd

I P/ I PX

Wit h t his b ook, you can: I SL mism at ches NovSet ell

u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t h e act ual equip ment

PPPw2nd it hout

end- sy st em d ata f lo w end- t o-end Est ablish conn ect iv aitbaseline y

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

test ing

I dent if y(EIt GRP) r oublesh En han ced I GRP 2nd oot ing t r oub leshoot ing Fra me Relay

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

Nov ell 2nd

Diagn oseGat and oublesh oot al pr oblem s En han ced I n t erior ewatyr Rout ing Prot ocoact l (EIuGRP) Cattualy st (igr )com OSman and erase star p-conf d errors

by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

ESD ( elect rostat ic dischar ge) Et h er Chann el 2nd

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Et h er net 2nd 3rd 4t h 10, 00 0- Mbps 2nd

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, 100 -Mbps 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

10- Mbps 2nd 100 0- Mbps

addressing App ly 2nd a lay er ed

t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

confenv iguring iron ment s fram e f orm at framned es for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig 802 SAP eadw ersork 2ndTrou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( r) .2I nt erhnet Et hernet I I ( DI X Et h er net ) formof at spr 2nd Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, raw ( Nov ell 80 2. 3) h eaders 2nd CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealheaders 2ndof LAN and WAN t op ics. w or ldSNAP ap plicat ion I EEE 8 02 .3 evolut ion 2nd

CCNP I P h ost Prsact ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por Physical t antLayer con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

tr ansparen t bridgin g Trouble Ticket s 2nd tr oubleshoot in g 2nd 3rd 4t h wir eless evolu t ion I EEE 8 02 .3 Et h er net 2nd ex cess bu rst explicit congest ion not if icat ion (ECN)

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ex ten ded ping com man d

ex ten ded t racerou te comm an d CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Ext ension ( EA) bit s By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F ] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] f act ory defa ult s, resett in g swit ch es Fast Et herChan nel ( FEC) f ast swit chin g f ault m anagem ent FCS ( fram e ch eck sequence) FDDI •

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fram e f orm at I ndex

Featu Naviga CCNPreP ra cti caltorSt udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing FEC (Fast Et herCh annel) By Donna L. Har rington FECN ( forwar d explicit cong est ion n otif icat ion) 2nd f err y rou ters, d ocum en t at ion f ieldsPub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat 0 4, 20 03 show porte:coApril mm and File Tran Isfer SBN:Prot 1- ocol 58 720 ( FTP) -0 57 -0 ser vers Pages: 84 0 f iles ho st s Win dows 200 0 isdn en ding conf igs runn ing- conf ig

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble f ilt ers t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. rout es

WitSAP h t his b ook, you can: f ir st Flash I OSSet version u ps an d m em woitryhout

f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t h e act ual equip ment

upgradin g f loa tin gEst st atablish ic rout esa

baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Fluk e ha ndheld devices f ormat sI dent if y

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her an d u t ilit ies

t r oubI Ileshoot Et hernet ( DI X Et h ing er nett)ools 2nd fram es PPPDiagn f ram es ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

aly st r ) OS Cisco I OS( r2nd ) Sof t w ar e f orwardCat explicit co(ngest ion and not ificat ion ( FECN) f orwarding st at es

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

FQDN (f ully q ualified domain n ames) f rame check sequ en ce ( FCS)

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Fram e Relay

addresses 2nd

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, back-t o-b ack con figur at io n 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

applyin g ro ut ers as swit ches 2nd BGP framApp es 2nd ly

a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

histenv ory ofiron 2ndment s in verse ARP 2nd I S- I ned S Desig for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on loo pback t est 2nd Cisco( r) I nt ering net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP OSPF Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Physical Layer 3rd ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical2nd St ud rout ing prot ocols 2nd w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. sta ndards

CCNP sta ticPr mact ap st ical at emen St ud ts ies: 2nd Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e imstpor at ict ant m apscon cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

adding subint erf aces term inology top olo gies Trouble Ticket s 2nd 3rd 4t h tr oubleshoot in g 2nd 3rd f rame rela y rout e comm and s f rame- relay int erface- dlci dlci# com man d

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f rame- relay int f- t yp e dce co mm and

f rame- relay local-dlci com man d CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing f rames By Donna L. Har aut o f ram e-t yrington pe det ection con nect ions tr oubleshoot in gPress Pub lish er: Cisco EtPub hernet Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 802 .2 SAP h ead ers 2nd I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Et hernet I I ( DI X Et h er net ) form at s 2nd Pages: 84 0 raw ( Nov ell 80 2. 3) h eaders 2nd SNAP headers 2nd Fram e Relay fram es 2nd maps

Hand on atpr PPPsf orm s act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. tag giin g ty pes

Wit h Nov t his ook, you can: ell b2nd FTP ( File Transfer Prot ocol) ser vers

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

f ully qua lif ied dom ain nam es ( FQDN)

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G ] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] GD (General Deploy men t) 2nd Gen eral Deploym ent (GD) 2nd Get Nearest Serv er ( GNS) Gigabit Et h er Chan nel ( BEC) Gigabit Et h er net global posit io ningTable sy st em (GPSs) s • ofsContent GNS ( Get NearestI ndex Serv er) • goose rout ers, docu menes: ta tion CCNP P ra cti cal St udi Tr ouble shoot ing GPSs ( global posit ion in g syst em s) By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] har d cod e speed har dware support too ls Hayes comm and HDLC ( High- LevelTable Data of LinContent k Con tr ol) • s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

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tr oubleshoot g udi 2ndes: Tr ouble shoot ing CCNP P ra cti calinSt headers By Donna L. Har rington Fra me Relay 2nd IP Pub lish er: Cisco Press analyzing Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I PX lay ersI SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 heron roPages: ut ers 84 0 docum ent at ion hex p lace v alues hierarchies aut onegot iat ion High Speed St udy Grou p ( HSSG)

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble High -Lev el Dat a Link Cont rol (HDLC) 2nd 3rd t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. High -Level Dat a Link Cont rol. [ See HDLC] High -Speed Serial I n t erf ace ( HSSI )

Wit h t his b ook, you can: hist ory of Fram e Relay [ hist or y Fra meuRelay Set p an] d2nd f ollow hop s

along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

TTL host- t o-h Est ost ablish con nectaivbaseline ity

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

test ing

I dent if y ert ryoublesh oot ing host- t o-h ost deliv hosta

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies

CDaem on Sy slog

ose testDiagn ing

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

aly st (tion r ) OS hosta I Cat P conf igura hostn am e com man d

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

hostn am es

pin g comm and

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

hosts 2nd 3rd

29 00 swit ch

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, rou t es aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e pin g comm and

viewing scenerio co nfigu rater ion App ly a lay ed

t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

subn et s iron ment s env hosts f iles Widnned ows 200 Desig for 0aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Hot Stan dby Rou Prot oco l (HSRP) 2nd Cisco( r) I nt ert er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP HSRP (Hot St andby Rout er Pr oto col) 2ndpr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of HSSG Spical eed St CCNP(High Pr act Stu dy udGroup) ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealHSSI ( High -Speed Serial terf ace) w or ld ap plicat ion ofI nLAN and WAN t op ics. HTTP ( Hy pert ex t Transf er Pro tocol)

CCNP I P par Pramet act ers ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por HTTP ( Hy t ant pert ex con t Transpor cep t s tcen Prottocol) ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

hu bs 2nd 3rd mu lt ipoin t sub in t er faces hybrid back-t oback conf igur ation Hy pert ext Tran sport Pr ot ocol ( HTTP)

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] I AB ( I nt ernet Arch it ect u re Board) I ANA ( I n tern et Assigned Num bers Au th orit y ) I CMP ty pe v alu es and codes I DB ( I nt erface Descript ion Block ) I•EEE 80 2. 1Q 2ndTable of Content s I•EEE 80 2. 3 Et hernet evolut ion 2nd I ndex ICCNP ESG ( IPnra tern gineer ingTrStouble eeringshoot Gro up) ctiet calEnSt udi es: ing I ETF (I nt ernet Engineering Task For ce) By Donna L. Har rington I GRP ( I n terior Gat eway Rout ing Prot ocol) 2nd inf rast ru ct ure Pub ed lishServ er: Cisco Press I n tegrat ices Digit al Net wor k (I SDN) Pub DatTicket e: April 0 4, 20 03 Trouble s 2nd I n tegrat ed I SBN: Serv1ices 58 720 Digit-0al57 Net -0 wor k. [ See I DSN ] I n ter- Swit ch Link ( I SL) Pages: 84 0 int er- VLAN ro ut ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h I n terf ace Descript or Block (I DB) int erf ace v lan # com m and int erf aces back up 2nd

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble bouncin g t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. BRI

Wit h conf t hisiguring b ook, you can: CLI CatOS-ba sed swit ces 2nd I Set OS- based swit 2nd u p an d ces f ollow def ault set t ingtsh e w it hout

along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or act ual equip ment

HSSI

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

IP

test ing

I dent if y I SDN

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

t r oub sta tist icsleshoot ing I SDN BRI 2nd

Diagn ose lay ers 2nd

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

aly st ( in r )g OS trCat oubleshoot 2nd MI I

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

NI C

no rmal

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

verif yin g serial

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, keepalives aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

debu gging

Trouble Ticket s 2nd viewing App ly

a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

shutenv down iron ment s Sn iff er Pro g 2nd Desigapplyin ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on sta rt in g Cisco( r) I nt2nd er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP sta tist ics Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, swit CCNPches Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealing defau ory setand t in gs WAN t op ics. w or ldreset aptplicat ionlt fa ofctLAN tar get s

CCNP test ing Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por tr oubleshoot t ant con in gcep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

WAN I n terior Gat eway Rout ing Prot ocol (I GRP) 2nd I n term ediat e Syst em -t o- I nt ermediat e Sy st em (I S- I S) 2nd 3rd Fra me Relay I n tern at ional Organ izat ion for St andardizat ion ( I SO) net work m anagem en t I n tern et Archit ect ure Boar d ( I AB) I n tern et Assigned Num bers Au th orit y ( I ANA)

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I n tern et En gineering St eering Gr oup (I ESG) I n tern et En gineering Task Force (I ETF) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing I n tern et Lay er By Donna Nov ell L. 2ndHar rington TCP/ I P 2nd I n tern et lish Neter: work I n for mat ion Cent er (I n terNI C) Pub Cisco Press I n tern et Prot ocol. [ See Pub Dat e: April 0 4,I P] 20 03 I n tern et IResearch Task Force SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0(I RTF) I n tern et serv ice prov iders (I SPs) Pages: 84 0 I n tern et Societ y (I SOC)I SOC ( I nt ernet Societ y ) I n tern et wor k Pack et Ex ch ange. [ See I PX] I n terNI C ( I nt ern et Net work I n for mat ion Cent er) I n terSwit ch Lin k (I SL) I n verse ARP

Hand on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble inv ersesARP t icket s ased2nd on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Fra mebRelay I OS

WitConf h t his bion ook, you can: ig urat Backup Flash lif e cycle

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

switch es 2nd

building Lay er 2 ba selin es

trEst oubleshoot 2nd ablish inag baseline

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

t ools debu g comm 2nd oot ing I dent if y t rands oublesh log ging leshoot comm ands 2ndt ools t r oub ing

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her an d u t ilit ies

pin g comm ands 2nd show comm ds 2nd Diagn oseanand t r oublesh oot trCat ace aly comst man 2ndand ( r )dsOS

act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

tr oubleshoot in g 2nd

Use gin st r u ct or - d ev elop ed upgradin

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

I P (I n t er net Prot oco l)

" Snif f"2ndt he addresses

w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

subn et s 2nd

Analy ze tion local sum mariza 2ndand

r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, headers aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e analyzing ho st a con figu rat ion

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

conf igurat ion: hosta I P ho st s

Et hernet : host s: I P: Et hernet

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on I PX encapsulat ion Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP MAC addr esses Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, param et er s CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealconf iguring w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. pin g comm and

rou t esPr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP yin gcon cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im porverif t ant

rout ing test ing tr oubleshoot in g 2nd ip cla ssless com m and ip d ef ault - gat eway st at em ent ip h elper -address [ ipad dress] com man d ip h t t p serv er comm and I PX

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I PX ( I n tern et wor k Pack et Ex ch ange) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing addressing 2nd By Donna bin dingL. Har rington client s analy zingCisco st art Press ups Pub lish er: en capsulat Pub Dat e: ion April 0 4, 20 03 headers I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Novell. [ See also Novell] Pages: 84 0 SAP filt er s tr oubleshoot in g 2nd verif yin g ipx n et work com man ds I PX RI P pr oto col 2nd

Hand oncomm pr act ipx rou st ing andice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tI RTF icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. (I n tern et Research Task Force) I S-I S (I n t er mediat e Sy st em -t o- I nt erm ed iat e Sy st em) 2nd 3rd

WitFra h me t hisRelay b ook, you can: I SDN Trouble Ticket s 2nd

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

I SDN BRI (I nt egrat ed Services Digit al Net work Basic Rat e I nt erf ace) 2nd lay ers 2nd

tr oubleshoot in g a 2nd Est ablish baseline

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

isdn endin g con figs file I SL

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

en capsulat ion t r oub leshoot ing

I SL (I n t er -Swit ch Link ) 2nd 3rd I SL (I n tDiagn er Swit ch Lin kand ) ose

t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

I SO ( I ntCat ernat ionstal( rOrganiza tion fCisco or St an Idardizat aly ) OS and OS( r )ion) Sof t w ar e net work m anagem en t

inserv st r uicect prov or - diders) ev elop ed I SPs (I nUse tern et

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] k eepaliv es k ent narr ows swit ch , docum ent at ion Ker mit p rot ocol k eywor ds log ging

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] LAN Em ulat ion ( LANE) LAN Man agemen t Solut ion (LMS) LANE ( LAN Em ulat ion ) LAPD ( Lin k Access Pr ocedure D) LAPD ( Lin k Access Pr ot ocol) La • yer 1

Table of Content s

La • yer 2

I ndex

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I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

Access Pages: 84 0 Applicat ion Core dat a Lin k discov ery labs Dist ribu tion

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f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t h e act ual equip ment

OSI . [ See also OSI ] Ph yscia Estl ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Fra me Relay 2nd 3rd

I dent if y Physical

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Upper-Lay er 2nd Transpo rt

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, tr oubleshoot in g 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Nov ell 2nd

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aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP LECs (Lo cal Exch ange Carrier). Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot ing exam LEDs CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eallevels w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. least sign ( LSB) Cisco( r)ifican I ntterbitnet w ork

log ging

CCNP life cycles Pr act ical

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lik e devices line t erm inat ion (LT) Lin k Access Procedure D (LAPD) Lin k Access Prot ocol D (LAPD) link -stat e advert isem en t ( LSA) list en ing st at es list s

• •

access dia lers

Table of Content s I ndex

lit tle- en dian sy st em s CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing LLC ( Log ical Lin k Con tr ol) By Har rington LMIDonna ( LocalL. Man agemen t I nt erf ace) Fra me Relay 2nd LMS Pub (LAN Solut ion ) lishManagem er: Ciscoent Press load Pub monDat ito re:com m and April 0 4, 20 03 loading I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 drivers Pages: 84 0 local director y nu mber (LDN) Lo cal Exch ange Carrier ( LECÕs) Lo cal Ma nagemen t I n terf ace ( LMI ) Fra me Relay 2nd local mu lt icast addresses

Hand loggings- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s bnds ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. com ma show logging

Witconf h tiguring his b ook, you can: key words levels

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tr ace com man ds logging com man ds

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logging synch rono us comm and logical Ibridges dent if y

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VLANs t r oub leshoot ing logical bus net works

Lo gical Diagn Lin k Con tr ol and ( LLC) t r oublesh oot ose logon

act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Microsof t Client

Use st r u ct or - d ev elop ed loopback t estin in g

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

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Analy ze advert ising

local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, tr oubleshoot in gsp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e viewing

lower-lay er discov ery conf igurat ion

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

LSA ( link -st at e a dvert isemen t) LSB ( least sign if icant bit ) LT ( lin e t ermin at ion )

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M ] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] MA (m ult iple access) MAC (Media Access Con t rol) MAC (Media Access Con t rol) address MAC (Media Access Con t rol) addresses IP Main Serial0 I nt erfa ce of Content s • Table m anagem en t • I ndex net work s cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing CCNP P ra cti CiscoWorks 2nd By Donna L. Har rington I SO WANDL Pub lish2nd er: Cisco Press VLANs Pub Dat e:I nfApril 0 4, 03 (MI B) Man agement orm at ion20Base m aps

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0

framPages: es 84 0 I SDN st at ic conf iguring st at ic Fram e Relay adding

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble sta tic st at ement s 2nd t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Mar ket place 2nd m asks

Wit h t his b ook, you can: I P add resses m axim um t ra nsm ission unit (MTU) Media Access tr ol Set u Con p an d (fMAC) ollow

along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

Media Access Con tr address w it hout t hole( MAC) act ual equip ment m edia t esters m ediu mEst independent ablish a int baseline erface (MIand I)

docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

m em ory CAMI dent if y

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r oub leshoot ing dumt ps leak s

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and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Cat aly st ( r ) m ess t opology m essages VTP

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

mon it or in g

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

m et h ods

access

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, tr unk ing 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e tr oubleshoot in g 2nd

MI B (Managem en t I n form at ion Ba se) Micro soft Challenge Aut hen ticat ion Protmet ocolh(MSCHAP) App ly a layHandsh er ed ake t rou blesh oot ing odology

t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

Micro soft Clien t ment s env iron NetWar e MI I ( medium dent erf ace) Desig ned -in fordepen aspir ingin tCCNP

and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP MI (Mult iple I ing nsta nce STP). Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, TrSTP oubleshoot exam MLS (m ult ilay er swit ch in g) 2nd Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: MLSP ( Mult ilayer Switching Prot ocol) w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. m ismat ch ener capsu Cisco( r)es,I nt netlat wion ork

m odels

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tr oubleshoot in g 2nd tr oubleshoot in g. [ See also OSI ] tr oubleshoot in g 2nd m odifcat ion ph ysica l t opology switch es 2nd m onit oring

• •

act ive m on tior s

Table of Content s

net work s 2nd

I ndex

port s 2nd CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing SPAN By Donna L. Har rington VTP m essages m ost sign ifican t bit ( MSB) MPPPPub ( Mult Poin t -t o-Point Pr oto col) lishilink er: Cisco Press MSB Pub ( most icant Datsignif e: April 0 4,bit) 20 03 MSCHAPI(Microsof t Challenge SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0Han dshak e Aut h en t icat ion Pr ot ocol) MTU ( maxim um t ran smission u nit ) Pages: 84 0 m ult icast add resses m ult ila yer swit ching (MLS) 2nd Mu ltilayer Swit chin g Pr oto col ( MLSP) Mu ltilink Point - to- Point Prot ocol (MPPP) m ult iple access (MA)

Hand onanprceact ice Mu ltiples-I nst STP ( MIfor STP)t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tmicket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ult iple swit ches m ult ipoint subint erf aces 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Wit h t his b ook, you can:

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N ] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] nam es canon ical man agement resolut ion NAT (Net work Add ress Tra nslat ion) 2nd NCP (NetWar e Core Protof ocol) • Table Content s NDS ( Nov ell Directo ry Ser vice) • I ndex negot ioncti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing CCNPiat P ra pat hs By Donna L. Har rington Net BI OS (Net work Ba sic I n put / Ou tp ut Sy st em ) Net sy s Baseliner (WANDL) Pub lish er: Cisco Press Net Ware Pub Dat e: work Aprils 0comm 4, 20 03 display net and Microsof I SBN: t Client 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Net WarePages: Co re Prot 84 0ocol (NCP) Net ware Link Serv ices Pr oto col ( NLSP) 2nd Net Ware Loadable Module ( NLM) Net work Addr ess Tran slat ion (NAT) 2nd net work archit ect ure select ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd 24t h

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble 25 t h 26t h 27t h 28t h 29t h 30t h 31st 32n d 33rd 34t h 35t h 36t h 37t h 38t h 39t h 40t h 41st 42n d 43rd 44t h 45t h 46t h 47t h t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics.

48t h

49 t h 50t h 51st 52n d 53rd 54t h 55t h 56t h 57t h 58t h 59t h 60t h 61st 62n d 63rd 64t h 65t h 66t h 67t h 68t h 69t h 70t h 71st 72n d 73 rd 74t h 75t h 76t h 77t h 78t h 79t h 80t h 81st 82n d 83rd 84t h 85t h 86t h 87t h 88t h 89t h 90t h 91st 92n d 93rd 94t h 95t h 96t h

Wit h t his b ook, you can:

97 t h 98t h 99t h 100 t h 101 st 102 nd 103 rd 104 t h 105 t h 106 t h 107 t h 108 t h 109 t h 110 t h 111 t h 112 t h 113 t h 114 t h 115 t h 116 t h 11 7t h 118 t h 119 t h 120 t h 121 st 122 nd 123 rd 124 t h 125 t h 126 t h 127 t h 128 t h 129 t h 130 t h 131 st 132 nd 133 rd 134 t h 135 t h 13 6t h 137 t h 139 t h 140 t h 141 st w 142 Sett hu138 p an d f ollow along it nd h real- w or ld

lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

Net work I nptut pu ual t Sy stem ( Net BI OS) wBasic it hout h/eOut act equip ment net work in t er face card (NI C) Net workEst Lay ablish er ( Lay er a 3baseline )

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

net work man agement sy stem s ( NMS)

r oublesh oot ing net workI dent oper atifinyg tsyst em ( NOS)

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her u t ilit ies

t rTim oube leshoot an d Net work Pr oto col (ing NTP)t ools 2nd 3rd Net working Prof essionals Conn ect ion

ose net workDiagn s

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Cations aly st ( r ) con nect

figur e icons fo r

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

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Trouble Ticket s 2nd I SDN BRI 2nd

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, tr oubleshoot in g 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

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I env SO iron ment s WANDL media t estfor ers Desig ned

aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on mon itr)or sI nt 2nd Cisco( er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP segm ent at ion ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot CCNPbridges Pr act2nd ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealrep eatplicat ers (h ion ubs) of 2ndLAN and WAN t op ics. w or ld ap rout ers 2nd

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HDLC 2nd lay ers term inology 2nd Trouble Ticket s 2nd tr oubleshoot in g 2nd 3rd 4t h nex t -h op-self con cept. r1 NI C ( net work int erf ace card ) 2nd NLM (Net Ware Loadable Module)

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

NLSP ( Net Wa re Lin k Ser vices Prot ocol) 2nd NMS (n etwor k m anagem en t sy st em) CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing no aut o- sum m ary com m and 2nd 3rd By L. Har rington no Donna ip a ccess-gr oup ft p out comm and no ip a ccess-gr oup st atem ent no ipPub h t tlish p serv comm and er: er Cisco Press no ipPub p roxycomm an20 d 03 Datarp e: April 0 4, no logging con sole I SBN: 1- 58com 720 man -0 57d-0 no sh ut com m and 2nd 3rd Pages: 84 0 no synch roniza tion com m and non -r oot bridges non linear pat h cost s nor mal call clearing nor mal int erfaces

Hand on verifsyin g pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tNOS icket s b ased oninCisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. ( net work operat g sy st em) Novell

Witaddressing h t his b ook, 2nd you can: EI GRP 2nd en capsulat ion

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

I PX RI P prot ocol 2nd pack et s 2nd

fram t y pes 2nd Est eablish a baseline

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Transpo rt La yer 2nd Upper-Lay er 2nd Diagn ose and Trouble Ticket Cat aly st s( r2nd ) OS

t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

tr oubleshoot in g

Use in r u cticeor(NDS) - d ev elop ed Nov ell Direct orystServ

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viewing

Analy and2nd r em ot e NTP ( Netwo rk ze Tim local e Prot ocol) 3rd

access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, nu mbers aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e applicat io n p ort s App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] OLE_LI NK1 OLE_LI NK2 2nd 3rd OLE_LI NK3 2nd OLE_LI NK4 Open Sh ort est Pat h Fir st ( OSPF) 2nd 3rd Fra me Relay Table of Content s

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Open Sh ort est Pat hs First ( OSPF) • I ndex labsP ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing CCNP Trouble Ticket s 2nd By Donna L. Har rington Open Sy st em I nt ercon nect ion (OSI ) opt imiza tion Pub2nd lish er: Cisco Press STP Pub Dat 4, 20 03tif ier ( OUI ) Organizat ione: allyApril Un iq0ue I den OSI

I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Applicat ion Layer Pages: 84 0 Dat a Link Lay er Netwo rk La yer Physical Layer Presen t at io n Layer Session Layer

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Transpo rt La yer t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. tr oubleshoot in g 2nd

tr oubleshoot in g. [ See also OSI ]

Wit h t his b ook, you can:

OSI ( Open System I n t er conn ection ) OSPF red istr 2nd Setibuut ion p an d

f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

OSPF (Open Sh orttest h ual First )equip 2nd 3rd w it hout h ePat act ment Fra me Relay labs Est ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Trouble Ticket s 2nd

t r oublesh osprey Ir dent out ers,if y docu ment at ionoot ing

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her u t ilit ies

t r oub ing an d OUI (Organ izatleshoot ion ally Un iquet ools I den t ifier) out pu t ping Diagn com maose nd

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Cat aly st ( r ) charact ers Out put I nt erpret er

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P ] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] pack et s capt uring debu g ip pack et com ma nd debu g ip pack et det ail com m and Echo Reply

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Echo RequestTable of Content s IP I ndex

CCNP headers P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing I PX RI P By Donna L. Har rington MLSP Nov ell 2nd Pub lisheer: Cisco Press fram t y pes 2nd Pubocol Datan e: alyzer April 0s4,2nd 20 03 prot prot ocols I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 RConPages: sole SPX 84 0 analyzing RI P analyzing debu gging switch ing

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble param et er s t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. IP

Wit h conf t hisiguring b ook, you can: passwor ds 290 0 switch 351Set 2XL swit u p ches an d pat hes w it hout

f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t h e act ual equip ment

cost s pat hs

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

negot iatin g

I dent y t r oublesh oot ing PBXs ( priv ate if branch ex ch anges) t r oub ing t ools PCL ( print er coleshoot nt rol lan guage)

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her an d u t ilit ies

PDUs (pro tocol dat a unit s)

Diagn perf orman ce ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

aly st ( r ) manCat agement

perm anent virt u al circu it ( PVC)

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

sta tes

perm it st at em ent

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

perm it t cp stat em en t s phyiscal t opology

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Physical Lay er aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e switch es 2nd

Et hernet Fra me Relay App ly a2nd lay3rd er ed

t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

Physicalenv Layer (Lament yer 1)s iron ping com man d 290 0 switches Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on charact out t w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( r) erI nt erpunet Et hernet Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, ex t ended CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eales w orhost ld nam ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. IP

CCNP I PX Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por rout ers t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

user-m ode ping com man ds I OS tr oublsh oot in g t ools 2nd ping ipx com m and Please Do Not Th reat en Supp ort People Again Point of Presence (POP) Point - t o-Poin t Prot ocol. [ See PPP] poison rev erse

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Table of Content s

•

I ndex

policies

VMPS CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing POP ( Point of Presence) By Donna Har Prot rington POP ( Post L. Of fice ocol) port mon ito r com m and port sPub lish er: Cisco Press applicat um bers Pub Datioe:n nApril 0 4, 20 03 mon itI or in g 2nd SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 root Pages: 84 0 show port co mm and SPAN sta tes Post Of fice Prot ocol ( POP) PPP (Poin t -t o-Po in t Pro tocol)

Hand s- on lay ers 2ndpr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b asedin gon2ndCisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. tr oubleshoot Predict or

Wit h tathis ook, you 6) can: Present ion bLay er (Layer prin ter cont rol langu age ( PCL) priv at e bran ch exch anges (PBXs)

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

process swit chin g

Proj ect DOTU 2nd

prot ocolEst datablish a u nit s (PDUs) a baseline

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

prot ocols analyzers I dent2nd if y

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

ARPt r oub leshoot ing tab les BOOTP Diagn ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

CCPCat aly st ( r ) CDP 2nd

Use CHAP

in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

CLNS

" Snif f" ions t he comm un icat

w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

DoD TCP/ I P suit e

ze local and trAnaly oubleshoot in g 2nd

r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, EI GRP aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e HSRP 2nd

HTTP

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

I CMP

ty pe v alu es and codes IP

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on addresses 2nd Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP rout ing Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, subn et s 2nd 3rd 4t h CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealtr oubleshoot in g 2nd w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Kerm it

LAPDPr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP MLSP im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

MPPP MSCHAP NCP NLSP 2nd Nov ell 2nd fram e t y pes 2nd I nt ernet Lay er 2nd

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Transpo rt La yer 2nd

Table of Content s

Upper-Lay er 2nd

I ndex

NTP CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing viewing By Donna pack et sL. Har rington POP PPP Pub lish er: Cisco Press layDat ers e: 2nd Pub April 0 4, 20 03 tr oubleshoot g 2nd I SBN: 1- 58in720 -0 57 -0 PUP

Pages: 84 0 RI P 2nd I PX headers red istr ibu t ion 2nd test ing rout ing 2nd 3rd 4t h

Handadding s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icketBGP s b 2nd ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. EI GRP 2nd

Wit h Fra t his ook,2nd you can: me bRelay I GRP/ EI GRP 2nd I PX RI P 2nd

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

I S- I S 2nd NLSP 2nd

OSPF 2nd Est ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

RI P 2nd test ing if y I dent

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

RSTP t r oub leshoot ing RTP SLPDiagn ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

SMTP Cat aly st ( r ) SNAP

in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed STPUse 2nd 3rd

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

BPDU analysis 2nd

" Snif f" t 2nd he w ir e opt im izing

t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

port m onit orin g 2nd

Analy ze RSTP 2nd

local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, spseed Trouble Ticket 2nd and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e VLANs 2nd

suit es

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

TCP/ I P 2nd

I nt ernet Lay er 2nd

Transpo rt La yer 2nd

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Upper-Lay er Layer 2nd Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP test ing Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, TFTP CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealcopyin g conf ig urat ions w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. memo ry dum ps

tr oubleshoot in g 2nd CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e VTP t2nd im por ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

prun in g 2nd Xm odem prox y ARPs pru ning VTP 2nd pseudo f rame swit ches Pum pKin PUP ( Xerox PARC Un iversal Prot ocol)

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

PVC ( perma nent virt ua l circu it)

sta tes CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] QoS (q ualit y of serv ice) qua lit y o f ser vice (QoS)

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Table of Content s

•

I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R ] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] RAM upgradin g RAM (ran dom access mem ory ) rout ers Rapid Spa nnin g Tree Prot ocol ( RSTP) Rapid STP ( RSTP)Table 2nd of Content s • raw (Novell 8 02 .3 ) headers, Et h er net f rame form at s 2nd • I ndex RCon CCNPsole P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing SPX pack et s By Donna L. Har rington analyzing realease designa tion s Publif lish Cisco Press I OS e er: cy cles Dat redistPub ribut ione: April 0 4, 20 03 Trouble I SBN: Ticket 1- 58 s 2nd 720 -0 57 -0 ReliablePages: Tran sport 84 0Pr ot ocol ( RTP) reload comm and 2nd reloading rout ers Remot e Monit orin g ( RMON) repeat er s 2nd

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble replies t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Echo Reply pack et s

Request For Com men ts (RFCs)

Wit h t his b ook, you can: request s Echo Request pack et s GNSSet

u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t h e act ual equip ment

TOSw it hout

reset tin g co unt ers reset tinEst g swit ablish ch es

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

resolut ion

dent if y namI es

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her u t ilit ies

t r oub leshoot ing Resour ce Man ager Essent ialst ools ( RME) an d resou rces deskDiagn t ops ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Cat aly st tr oubleshoot in (gr ) Cisco.com 2nd

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

docum ent at ion CD- ROM 2nd Mark etp lace 2nd

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Project DOTU 2nd TAC 2nd

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, tr unk ing aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

rest rict ions rev iewin g

routApp ing t ables 2nd er ed ly a lay

t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

RFCs ( Request For Com ment env iron ment s s) RI P I PX ned RI P prot 2nd ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Desig forocol aspir RI P (Rou t ing I nf orma Pro tocol) 2nd 3rd 4t hin g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Cisco( r) I nt er nettion w ork Trou bleshoot analyzing Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, I PX pack et sical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP Pr act red istr ibu t ion 2nd w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. test ing

CCNPcoPr RJ-45 nnect actors ical

St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

im por RME ( Resource t ant con Man cep agert sEssent cen tials) ral

RMON (Rem ot e Mon it oring) root port s ROTB ( rout er o ut of t h e box ) rou ter out of t he bo x (ROTB) rou ter- on- a-stick scenario 2nd rou ters 2nd 36 00 series

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show flash com m and baselines

Table of Content s I ndex

building CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing bla des 2nd By Donna L. Har rington conf iguring docum ent at ion 2nd Fram Relay Pubelish er: Cisco Press applyin as swit ches 2nd Pub Dat e:g April 0 4, 20 03 HSRPI SBN: 2nd 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Layer 3 Pages: 84 0 building baselines m em o ry mu lt ipoin t sub in t er faces reload in g test ing

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tr acing t icket s b ased Trouble Ticket son 2ndCisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. tr unk ing 2nd

Wit h dot t his ook, you can: 1Q b2nd Et herCh annel 2nd I SL 2nd

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

met hods 2nd VLANs 2nd rou tes

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

filt er s ho stIsdent if y

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

viewing t r oub leshoot ing IP verif yin gose Diagn

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

searCat ching aly st ( r ) serv ers

Usemariza in st tion r u ct or - d ev elop ed sum

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

sta tic

" Snif float ingf"

t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

switch t ech nologies

Analy CEF 2ndze

local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, MLS 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e test ing rou tin g

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

CI DR. [ See also CI DR] DDR 2nd 3rd 4t h

in t er -VLAN 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on IP Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP prot ocols 2nd 3rd 4t h Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, adding CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealBGP 2nd w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. EI GRP 2nd

CCNPFraPrme actRelay ical 2nd St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e GRP cep 2nd t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g im porI GRP/ t antEIcon

I PX RI P 2nd I S- I S 2nd NLSP 2nd OSPF 2nd RI P 2nd test ing tab les

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rev iewing 2nd viewing

Table of Content s I ndex

Rou tin g I n for mat ion Prot ocol (RI P) 2nd 3rd 4t h CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing analyzing By Donna rington RSM/ MSFCL.(rHar out er blades) 2nd RSTP ( Rapid Span nin g Tree Prot ocol) RSTPPub ( Rapid 2ndPress lish er:STP) Cisco RTP (Reliable sport Pub Dat e:Tran April 0 4, Prot 20 03ocol) ru nnin g-con fig 1file58 720 -0 57 -0 I SBN: rx boot mode Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S ] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] SA (source address) SAP filt er s SAP ( ser vice access p oin t s) scenar ios

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scenerio host conf igurat ion • I ndex search CCNP ing P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing rout es By Donna L. Har rington secur it y man agement Pub lish er: Cisco Press passwords Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 segmPub en t ation bridges I SBN: 2nd 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 rep eat ers (h84 ubs) Pages: 0 2nd rout ers 2nd switch es 2nd Seq uenced Pack et Ex cha nge ( SPX) serial 0 / 0 con nect ions serial in t erf aces

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble debu gging t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. keepalives

s 2nd WitTrouble h t hisTicket b ook, you can: viewing Ser ver Message Block (SMB) serv ersSet

u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or t h e act ual equip ment

FTPw it hout rou t es

sum Estmariza ablishtiona

baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

t ermin al

I dent if y conf iguring

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

TFTPt r oub leshoot ing

copyin g conf ig urat ions

Diagn Pum pKinose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Cat aly st ( r ) VMPS

serv ice access point s (SAPs)

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

Ser vice Access Poin ts ( SAPs) 2nd

serv ice level agreem ent (SLA) 2nd

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Ser vice Locat ion Prot oco l (SLP)

Ser vice Prof ile I dent ifiers (SPI Ds)

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, sessions aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Session Lay er ( Lay er 5) TCP disconn s er ed App lyectaion lay

t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

set spa env nt reeiron m ode m st com ment s ma nd set t ru nk m od# / port # ? com m and set t ru nk m od# # ming ode com m and Desig ned for/ port aspir CCNP and

CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP sh int swit ching com ds . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, Tr oubleshoot ingman exam sh ared mPr edact ia access ds Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealCCNP ical Stmet udhoies: sh oot in g t rou ble. [ See t roub lesh oot ing]WAN t op ics. w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and set v t p dr) omain v t pnam com m and bleshoot in g Cisco( I nt er net we ork Trou

Short est Path First (SPF)

CCNP sh ow accessPr actlistical s com Stmud and ies: imow sh por arp t ant com man con dcep t s

Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

sh ow bu ff er s com m and sh ow cdp neighb ors [ det ail] comm and sh ow cdp neighb ors comm and sh ow cdp neighb ors det ail comm and sh ow com m ands I OS tr oublsh oot in g t ools 2nd I SDN sh ow con t rollers com m and 2nd

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sh ow con t rollers com m ands

sh ow debug com ma nd CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing sh ow f rame- relay lmi com man d 2nd By Donna L. relay Har rington sh ow f ramema p com m and 2nd sh ow f rame- relay rou te comm an d sh owPub f ramerelay t raff ic comm and lish er: Cisco Press sh owPub h ostDat s com m and e: April 0 4, 20 03 sh ow int erf aces1-br58 i0720 1 2-0com m and I SBN: 57 -0 sh ow int erf aces com m and Pages: 84 0 sh ow int erf aces et hern et 0 com m and sh ow int erf aces serial 0 comm and sh ow int erf aces serial0 com ma nd sh ow ip bgp ? co mm and sh ow ip bgp su mm ary comm and

Hand pr act icecomm for and t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble sh ow ips-inon t er face brief tshicket s b ased on Cisco ow ip in t er face s0 comm an dI n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. sh ow ip ospf ? com man d

Wit b ook, youandcan: sh owhipt his prot ocols comm sh ow ipx in terf ace et hern et 0 com man d sh ow ipx r out e com m and

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

sh ow ipx serv ers com man d

sh ow isdn h istor y com man d

sh ow isdn at us com nd Eststablish a ma baseline

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

sh ow loggin g com m and sh ow mIac a ddress mm and oot ing dent if y t co r oublesh sh ow mt em ory leshoot comm anding 2ndt ools r oub

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her an d u t ilit ies

sh ow m odule comm and sh ow port com ose man dand Diagn

t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

sh ow port Catmon alyitstor( rco) mm OSand and sh ow process com ma nd

Use com ma ndsin st r u ct or - d ev elop ed

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

show process

" Snif f" com t hema wnd ir e2nd to sh ow prot oco ls

sp ot n et w or k issu es

sh ow ru n in t er face bri0 comm an d

zenfig local sh ow ruAnaly nnin g-co com and man d r em ot e sh ow sh ow

access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, span ning -t ree ? com ma nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e st acks comm an d

sh ow st art comm an d

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

sh ow st art u p-con fig com man d 2nd sh ow t ech- suppor t com man d 2nd sh ow version com man d

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on sh ow vlan com man d Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP sh ow v mp s com m and Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, sh ut down CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealsigna lin g w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. Fra me Relay 2nd

Signaling SS7) CCNP PrSystem act ical7 (St ud ies:

Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Simple sfer Prot im porMail t antTran con cep t socol cen(SMTP) t ral t o

SLA ( serv ice level agreem ent ) 2nd SLP (Serv ice Location Pr ot ocol) SMB ( Serv er Message Block ) SMTP (Simple Mail Tr ansf er Prot oco l) SNAP headers Et hernet fram e f orm at 2nd SNAP ( Subnet work Access Prot oco l)

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Snif fer Pro

pack et s CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing capt uring By Donna rington Snif fer ProL.in Har terf aces applyin g 2nd sta rt lish in g er: 2ndCisco Press Pub sof t ware Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 support I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 sou rce addr ess ( SA) Pages: 84 0 SPAN ( Swit ch ed Por t Analy zer) Spann ing Tree Prot ocol (STP) 2nd 3rd BPDU analysis 2nd opt im izing 2nd port m onit orin g 2nd

Hand s- 2nd on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble RSTP t icket s b ased Trouble Ticket son 2ndCisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. VLANs 2nd

Wit t his b ook, spanh ningt ree v lan 1 you commcan: and SPF ( Sh ort est Pat h First ) SPI Ds

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

conf iguring

SPI Ds ( Serv ice Profile I d en t if iers) split h orizons Est ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

spok e ro ut ers mu ltI ipoin er faces dentt ifsub y in t rt oublesh oot ing spoof ing t r oub leshoot ing

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

SPX ( Sequen ced Pack et Exchang e) SS7 ( Sig naling ose Sy st em ) Diagn and St ack erCat aly st ( r )

t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

st ack s testUse ing

in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

st and ards

" Snif f" t he Fra me Relay

w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

tr oubleshoot in g 2nd

Analy zealso local and r em ot e st and ards. [ See prot ocols]

access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, st ar t opologies aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e st art ing I PX client s

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Sn iff er Pro 2nd st at ement s

clock rat e

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on dia ler ma p-class Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP ip defau lt -gat eway Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, no ip access- grou p CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealper mit w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. per mit t cp

sta ticPrmact apsical 2nd St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e CCNP st es t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g imatpor

port s PVC st at ic Fram e relay m aps adding st at ic m ap st at em ent s 2nd st at ic m aps conf iguring st at ic r out es

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st at ist ics CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing in t er faces By Donna L.erf Har rington I SDN int aces LMI viewing Pub lish er: Cisco Press VTP Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 st ep5 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 STP ( Spann in g Tree Prot ocol) 2nd 3rd Pages: 84 0 BPDU analysis 2nd opt im izing 2nd port m onit orin g 2nd RSTP 2nd Trouble Ticket s 2nd

Hand s- on VLANs 2ndpr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble tsticket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. raigh t- t hrou gh cable st raigh t- t hrou gh cables

Wit h t his b ook, you can: st rings I SDN su bin t er faces

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Fra me Relay su bnet s 2nd

discont s Estiguou ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

Fram e Relay conf iguring I dent if y

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

trt oubleshoot in g ing r oub leshoot

Subn et work Access Pro tocol ( SNAP) su it es

Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

protCat ocols aly st ( r ) su mm arizat ion

Use closing

in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

I P add resses 2nd

" Snif VLSM 2nd f"3rdt he 4t h w 5tir h e6t tho7tsp h ot

n et w or k issu es

su pport

deskAnaly t ops ze

local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, hardware aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e soft ware tech nology

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

su pport . [ See also resou rces]

swan rou t er s, docum ent at ion swit ces

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on CatOS 2nd Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Switched Por t Analy zer ( SPAN) Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, swit ches 2nd CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eal19 00 w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. HTTP

accessing CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e Cat5t00 0/ Cat 600 0 archit ect ure im por ant con cep t s cen t ral2nd t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

Cat OS building Lay er 2 ba selin es con figu ring clear in g docum ent at ion Fram e Relay applyin g ro ut ers as 2nd

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I OS 2nd CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing building Lay er 2 ba selin es By Donna I SDN L. Har rington mu lt iple pseu do fram e Pub lish er: Cisco Press reset ing e: April 0 4, 20 03 Pub tDat rout eI SBN: t echolog ies720 -0 57 -0 1- 58 CEF 2nd Pages: 84 0 MLS 2nd Trouble Ticket s 2nd tr oubleshoot in g 2nd 3rd 4t h tr unk ing 2nd dot 1Q 2nd

HandEts-herCh on pr act ice annel 2nd for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icketI SL s b2nd ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. met hods 2nd

WitVLANs h t his2nd b ook, you can: 3rd 4t h conf iguring 2nd tr aff ic t y pes 2nd

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

VMPS swit chin g

sh in t swit ch in g a comm and Est ablish baseline

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

swit chpo rt m ode t run k I OS com m and synch roniza tion I dent if y

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

Fra me Relay t r oub leshoot ing Syslo g captDiagn uring ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T ] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] T/ L (t y pe or len gt h field) t ables ARP I DB rout ing rev iewing 2nd Table of Content s viewing I ndex

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TAC ( Techn ical ance er) 2nd 3rding CCNP P ra cti calAssist St udi es: Cent Tr ouble shoot t agging fr ames By Donna L. Har rington t arget s in t er faces er: Cisco Press TCP Pub (Tralish nsm ision Cont rol Prot ocol) Pub Dat e:dshak April e0 4, 20en 03ces 3-way han sequ TCP (Tra Insm SBN: ission 1- 58Cont 720 -0 rol57Prot -0 ocol) disconn ect ion Pages: 84s0 TCP/ I P lay ers 2nd I nt ernet Lay er 2nd Transpo rt La yer 2nd Upper-Lay er Layer 2nd

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble TDM (t ime- division m ult iplexin g) t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. TDR ( t ime do main reflect om eter) TE (t erm inal en dpoint )

Wit h t his b ook, you can: Techn ical Assist an ce Cent er ( TAC) 2nd 3rd Techn ical Serv ice Bulletin s ( TSBs) t echn olo gy sup Set u pport an d

f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or

TEI s ( t er endpoin ident ifiers) wminal it hout t h e tact ual equip ment Telecomm un icat io ns Act of 19 96 Telnet

Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

analyzing t eln et

I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

t r oub leshoot ing applicat io ns Telnet

ose testDiagn ing

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

Cat aly in stt ((rTE) ) OS t ermin al endpo

t ermin al endpo in t ident if iers (TEI s)

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

t ermin al m onit or (t erm m on)

t ermin al m onit or (t erm m on) com m and

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

t ermin al serv ers conf iguring

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Fra me Relay aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

t ermin ology

WAN 2nd t est in g App ly

a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

190env 0 switch iron ment s 290 0 switches 351 2XL Desig nedswit forches aspir ing

CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on ANSIr)LMI Cisco( I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP back-t o-b ack ing con figur at io n. (Full Fram of e Rela y) 2nd Tr oubleshoot exam pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, back up in t er faces CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw orcont ld rollers ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. dev ices

CCNP en d-tPr o- act en d ical connect St ud iv ityies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e imEtpor h ertnet ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

pin g comm and Fra me Relay 2nd 3rd host -t o- host conn ect ivit y in t er faces IP IP pin g comm and

• •

media prot ocols

Table of Content s I ndex

rout ers CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing rout es By Donna Har rington rout ingL.prot ocols sta cks Teln Pubet lish er: Cisco Press TFTPPub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 Conf ig urat ion Backup I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 TFTP (Trivial File Tran sfer Prot ocol) Pages: 84 0 copyin g conf ig urat ions memo ry dum ps Pum pKin t ime domain ref lect om et er (TDR) Tim e Stam ps

Hand s-gon pr and act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble debu comm tt imeicket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. division m ult iplex in g ( TDM) t ime- to- live (TTL)

WitI PX h t his b ook, you can: t im ers STP

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Toen Ring

fram e f orm at

Token Ring Est ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

t ools deskI tdent op 2nd if y

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

hardware t r oub leshoot ing I OS

debu g comm Diagn ose ands and2nd t r oublesh oot log ging Cat alycomm st ( r )ands OS2nd and

act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

pin g comm ands 2nd

Use comm in st ran u ct - d ev elop ed show dsor 2nd

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

tr ace com man ds 2nd

Snif f" t he ir e tr" oubleshoot in gw2nd

t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

Nov ell

I Analy nt ernet ze Laylocal er 2nd and

r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, Transpo rt La yer 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e Upper-Lay er 2nd

TAC

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

WANDL t opologies

Fra me Relay

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on TOS (t y pe o f ser vice) Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP t race comm ands Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, I OS tr oublsh oot in g t ools 2nd CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r eallog ging w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. t racerou te com man d 2nd

charact CCNP Pr ers act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e ex t ended im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

t racert comm and t racing rout ers t raf fic prot ocol an alyzer s 2nd show fram e-relay t raf f ic com ma nd VLANs 2nd t ransla tor s

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Table of Content s

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t ransparent b ridging

t ransparent m ode CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Tran sport Lay er By Donna Nov ell L. 2ndHar rington TCP/ I P 2nd Tran Pub sport ( Lay er 4) lishLay er:erCisco Press Trivial File Tran sfer Prot Pub Dat e: April 0 4, ocol 20 03(TFTP) Pum pkin I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 t roub le t icket s Pages: 84 0 Trou ble Tickets 2nd discov ery labs 2nd docum ent at ion la bs 2nd Et hernet 2nd Fra me Relay 2nd 3rd 4t h

Hand Novsellon 2ndpr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased OSPF labs 2nd on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. red istr ibu t ion 2nd

Witrout h ters his2nd b ook, you can: ser ia l int erfa ces 2nd STP 2nd

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

switch es 2nd VLAN 2nd

VLANs Est2nd ablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

WAN 2nd t roub leh soot ing I dent if y

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

f rames t r oub leshoot ing conn ect ion s keepalives Diagn ose

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

t roub lesh ootaly ingst 2nd 5t h Cat ( r )3rd OS4t hand 351 2XL swit ch

Useingin2nd st r u ct or - d ev elop ed baselin

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

BGP

" Snif CatOS 2ndf"

t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

checklists

Analy ze local Cisco app roach t o 2ndand

r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, desk t ops aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e dia lers docum ent at ion 2nd

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

DoD TCP/ I P suit e 2nd en capsulat ion

Et hernet 2nd 3rd 4t h

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Fra me Relay 2nd 3rd Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP applyin g as swit ches 2nd Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, back-t o-b ack con figur at io n 2nd CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealsubn et s w or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. HDLC 2nd

in fra st e CCNP Prruct acturical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e in t ertfaces im por ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

I OS switch es 2nd I OS to ols 2nd debu g comm ands 2nd log ging comm ands 2nd pin g comm ands 2nd show comm an ds 2nd

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tr ace com man ds 2nd

Table of Content s

I P 2nd

I ndex

I PX 2nd CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing I SDN BRI 2nd By Donna L. Har rington keepalives lay ers 2nd loo pbacks Pub lish er: Cisco Press met 2nd Pubhods Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 models 2nd 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 I SBN: OSI 2nd Pages: 84 0 OSI . [ See also OSI ] net work s mon it or in g 2nd Nov ell PPP 2nd

Hand on 2nd pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble protsocols t icketanalyzers s b ased2nd on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. resources

Wit h Cisco.com t his b ook, 2nd you can: docum ent at ion CD- ROM 2nd Mark etp lace 2nd

Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment

Project DOTU 2nd TAC 2nd

switch 2nd Estesablish

a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

VLANs 2nd 3rd 4t h WAN 2nd if y I dent

t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t ools an d u t ilit ies

Trou bleshoot Assist ant t r oubing leshoot ing t run kin g 2nd

I SL Diagn 2nd 3rdose 4t h 5t h 6t h and t r oublesh oot metCat hodsaly 2ndst ( r )

act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

restr iction s

Use in stSer r uvice ct orBu - dllet evins) elop ed TSBs ( Technical

p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

TTL ( tim e-t o- liv e) I PX " Snif f"

t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

t y pe

Analy ze I CMP

local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, t y pe of serv ice ( TOS) aut o negot iat t y pe or len gt h field ( T/ L) ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e t y pes

App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s

fram es

Nov ell 2nd VLANs 2nd

Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U ] [ V] [ W ] [ X] UDP UDP (User Dat agram Prot ocol) Transpo rt La yer un like dev ices un pluggin g cables upg • rading

•

I OS

Table of Content s I ndex

RAM CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing Upp er- Lay er By Donna L. Har rington Nov ell 2nd upp er- lay er discov ery co nfigu rat ion Pub lish Upp erLay erer: LayCisco er Press Pub I Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 TCP/ P 2nd User DatIagram SBN: 1Prot 58 ocol 720 -0 (UDP) 57 -0 Transpo rt La84 yer Pages: 0 user- m ode ping com man d ut ilit ies TCP/ I P 2nd I nt ernet Lay er 2nd Transpo rt La yer 2nd

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble Upper-Lay er 2nd t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V ] [ W ] [ X] values bin ary place I CMP values and code v ariable-lengt h su bnet m ask ing (VLSM) v• erificat ion

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D Chan nel

I ndex

Fra P me Relay ch es: es Tr ouble shoot ing CCNP ra cti cal swit St udi I P ro ut es By Donna L. Har rington I PX mu lt ipoin t sub in t er faces Pub lish er:terf Cisco norm al in aces Press Pubencapsulat Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 PPP ion VLANs I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 viewin g Pages: 84 0 back up in t er faces fram e m aps host r out es LMI st at ist ics loo pbacks

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble mu lt ipoin t sub in t er faces t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. NTP

Witrout h ting hist ables b ook, you can: ser ia l int erfa ces sta tic m aps VLANs Set

u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or equip ment

virt ual w LANs. [ Seet h VLANs] it hout e act ual VLAN (v irt ual LAN)

Trouble Est ablish Ticket s 2nd a baseline

and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k

VLANs (v irt ual LANs) 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

dent if2nd y t r oublesh oot ing confI iguring

t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her

oub leshoot ing3rd t ools an in t ert r-VLAN rout in g 2nd 4t h 5t hd 6t hu t ilit ies man aging 2nd

ose STPDiagn 2nd

and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g

(r) tr affCat ic t yaly pesst 2nd

Trouble Ticket s 2nd

Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s

tr oubleshoot in g 2nd verif yin g

" Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es

viewing VMPS

Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, prun in g 2nd aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e

VTP 2nd

VLANs (v irt ual VLANs) tr unk ing ly 2nda App

lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g

dot 1Qiron 2nd ment s env Et herCh annel 2nd 2ndfor DesigI SL ned

aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on met 2nd Cisco( r) hods I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP VLSM (v ariable-lengt su bnet. mFull ask ing) Tr oubleshoot ingh exam of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, VLSM. [ See also su bnet s] CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealVMPS Membersh w or ld( VLAN ap plicat ion ip ofPolicy LAN Serv ander)WAN t op ics. VTP ( VLAN Trun kin g Pr oto col) 2nd

CCNP prun Pr in gact 2ndical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X] WAN (wide area net work ) HDLC 2nd lay ers tr oubleshoot in g 2nd term inology 2nd

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tr oubleshoot inTable g 2ndof Content s

WAN (wide area net work s) • I ndex Trouble Ticket s 2nd CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing WANDL (Net sy s Baseliner) By Donna L. Har rington WC3 (Wor ld Wide Web Co nsort ium ) Windows 20 00 Pubslish host fileer: Cisco Press Pub Eth Daternet e: April 0 4, 20 03 wireless Wireless ITrou SBN:bleshoot 1- 58 720 ing -0 Cent 57 -0er World Wid e Web Pages: 84Con 0 sort ium ( WC3) writ e m emory comm an d writ e-erase comm and

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ K ] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ X ] Xer ox Net work Sy st ems (XNS) 2nd Xer ox PARC Universal Pr oto col ( PUP) Xmodem pr ot ocol XNS ( Xero x Net work Sy st em s) 2nd

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Table of Content s

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CCNP P ra cti cal St udi es: Tr ouble shoot ing By Donna L. Har rington

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: April 0 4, 20 03 I SBN: 1- 58 720 -0 57 -0 Pages: 84 0

Hand s- on pr act ice for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam w it h TCP/ I P, LAN, an d W AN t r ouble t icket s b ased on Cisco I n t ern et w or k Tr oub leshoot in g ( CI T) t opics. Wit h t his b ook, you can: Set u p an d f ollow along w it h real- w or ld lab scenar ios aligned t o each ex am t op ic, w it h or w it hout t h e act ual equip ment Est ablish a baseline and docu ment y our ph ysical and logical n et w or k I dent if y t r oublesh oot ing t ar get s using pin g, t r ace, sh ow , clear , debu g, an d ot her t r oub leshoot ing t ools an d u t ilit ies Diagn ose and t r oublesh oot act u al pr oblem s by f ollow ing along w it h aut h or- p r ovided Cat aly st ( r ) OS and Cisco I OS( r ) Sof t w ar e com m and inp ut , ou t put , and loggin g Use in st r u ct or - d ev elop ed p rob lem - isolat ion m et hods t o r esolv e Tr ouble Tick et s " Snif f" t he w ir e t o sp ot n et w or k issu es Analy ze local and r em ot e access pr oblem s in Et hern et net w or ks, in clud ing issues w it h cabling, sp eed and du plex , u t ilizat ion and collisions, b andw idt h, CSMA/ CD, on e- w ay lin k, aut o negot iat ion, addr essing , encapsulat ion, and mor e App ly a lay er ed t rou blesh oot ing met h odology t o r eal- life rou t ing and swit chin g env iron ment s Desig ned for aspir ing CCNP and CCI E( r) pr of essionals, t his ind isp en sab le lab g uide b uilds on Cisco( r) I nt er net w ork Trou bleshoot in g ( CI T) t op ics t hat p r ep are y ou for t he CCNP Tr oubleshoot ing exam . Full of pr act ical ex er cises t h at g et y ou r eady f or challenges on t he j ob, CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g g ives y ou an edg e ov er t he com pet it ion t hr ough r ealw or ld ap plicat ion of LAN and WAN t op ics. CCNP Pr act ical St ud ies: Tr oublesh oot in g p r ovides y ou w it h p ract ical inf or mat ion on all t h e im por t ant con cep t s cen t ral t o t h e t r oubleshoot ing por t ion of t he CCNP cer t ificat ion, includ in g