255 18 2MB
Russian Pages 124 Year 2002
. .
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++ IV.
Microsoft Windows Visual C++ MFC
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32.97 73 681.142.2(075.8)
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
WINDOWS-
"HELLO, WORLD!" .........................................19 ......................................................19 ...........21 .................................................23 ................................................................................25 ......................................26 ..........................27 ..........................................................................................................................30 . ................................................................................................................30 3.
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............................................................................................................108 / ...............................................108 CWINAPP::INITINSTANCE .....................109 .......................................................................................................111 ...................................................................................................................114 ".................................................................................................116 .......................................................................116 ............................................................118 ..........................120 ..................................................................................................................122
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"Hello, World!"
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#include void DrawHello( HWND hwnd ) { PAINTSTRUCT paintStruct; HDC hDC = BeginPaint( hwnd, &paintStruct ); if ( hDC != NULL ) { RECT clientRect; GetClientRect( hwnd, &clientRect ); DPtoLP( hDC, (LPPOINT)&clientRect, 2 ); DrawText( hDC, "Hello, World!", -1, &clientRect, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE ); EndPaint( hwnd, &paintStruct ); } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch(uMsg) { case WM_PAINT : DrawHello( hwnd ); break; case WM_DESTROY : PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; default : return DefWindowProc( hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam ); } return 0; } int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR d3, int nCmdShow ) { if ( hPrevInstance == NULL ) {
21
WNDCLASS wndClass; memset( &wndClass, 0, sizeof(wndClass) ); wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wndClass.hInstance = hInstance; wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW ); wndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 ); wndClass.lpszClassName = "HELLO"; if ( !RegisterClass( &wndClass ) ) return FALSE; } HWND hwnd; hwnd = CreateWindow( "HELLO", "HELLO", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL ); ShowWindow( hwnd, nCmdShow ); UpdateWindow( hwnd ); MSG msg; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) DispatchMessage( &msg ); return msg.wParam; }
"Hello, World!"
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22
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25
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26
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hello.cpp
"Hello, World!"
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27
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4-
2.4 GetMessage.
, WinMain,
DrawHello.
"Hello, World!".
. 2.4. #include
void AddSegmentAtMessagePos( HDC hDC, HWND hwnd, BOOL bDraw ) { DWORD dwPos; POINTS points; POINT point; dwPos = GetMessagePos(); points = MAKEPOINTS( dwPos ); point.x = points.x; point.y = points.y; ScreenToClient( hwnd, &point ); DPtoLP( hDC, &point, 1 ); if ( bDraw ) LineTo( hDC, point.x, point.y ); else MoveToEx( hDC, point.x, point.y, NULL ); } void DrawHello( HWND hwnd ) { if ( GetCapture() != NULL ) return; HDC hDC = GetDC( hwnd ); if ( hDC != NULL ) { SetCapture( hwnd ); AddSegmentAtMessagePos( hDC, hwnd, FALSE ); MSG msg; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { if ( GetCapture() != hwnd ) break; switch ( msg.message ) { case WM_MOUSEMOVE : AddSegmentAtMessagePos( hDC, hwnd, TRUE ); break; case WM_LBUTTONUP: goto ExitLoop; default: DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } ExitLoop:
28
-
ReleaseCapture(); ReleaseDC( hwnd, hDC ); } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( uMsg ) { case WM_LBUTTONDOWN : DrawHello( hwnd ); break; case WM_DESTROY : PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; default : return DefWindowProc( hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam ); } return 0; } int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR d3, int nCmdShow ) { if ( hPrevInstance == NULL ) { WNDCLASS wndClass; memset( &wndClass, 0, sizeof( wndClass ) ); wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wndClass.hInstance = hInstance; wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW ); wndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1); wndClass.lpszClassName = "HELLO"; if ( !RegisterClass( &wndClass ) ) return FALSE; } HWND hwnd; hwnd = CreateWindow( "HELLO", "HELLO", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); ShowWindow( hwnd, nCmdShow ); UpdateWindow( hwnd ); MSG msg; while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) DispatchMessage( &msg ); return msg.wParam; }
"Hello, World!".
2.4.
DrawHello
"Hello, World!"
,
.
. -
-
,
.
, . SetCapture.
,
Windows .
-
DrawHello AddSegmentAtMessagePos,
, ,
. 29
, GetMessagePos.
AddSegmentAtMessagePos
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,
.
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Microsoft Foundation Classes ( MFC) – ++, Microsoft Windows API. Windows, MFC , . MFC , Windows. MFC 200 , Windows: ActiveX. , – . MFC , CPoint . , , , CWnd Windows. MFC Windows API . MFC . MFC , API, API. SetWindowPos. , API MFC CWnd::SetWindowPos. MFC , . , Windows, , , . . , . MFC CWinApp. , , . MFC , Windows API. , " / " , API . API MFC. 1.1
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MessageBox
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Windows API (
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AfxAbort
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AfxBeginThread AfxEndThread AfxMessageBox AfxGetApp AfxGetAppName AfxGetMainWnd AfxGetInstanceHandle AfxRegisterWndClass
Windows -
EXE-
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2.
MFC
, "Hello, world" – "Hello, MFC". WindowsMFC-
• • • 4.1
MFC: CWinApp
CPaintDC
CFrameWnd; WM_PAINT.
. Hello Hello.h
4.1 . .
.
Hello.cpp 4.1 .
-
Hello –
#if !defined( __HELLO_H ) # define __HELLO_H class CMyApp : public CWinApp { public: virtual BOOL InitInstance(); }; class CMainWindow : public CFrameWnd { public: CMainWindow(); protected:
46
Hello.h
afx_msg void OnPaint(); DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() }; #endif
Hello –
4.1 . #include // #include "Hello.h"
Hello.cpp
CWinApp
MFC
CMyApp myApp; // CMyApp BOOL CMyApp::InitInstance() { m_pMainWnd = new CMainWindow; m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow( m_nCmdShow ); m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow(); return TRUE; } // К CMainWindow BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP( CMainWindow, CFrameWnd ) ON_WM_PAINT() END_MESSAGE_MAP() CMainWindow::CMainWindow() { Create( NULL, " }
Hello" );
void CMainWindow::OnPaint() { CPaintDC dc( this ); CRect rect; GetClientRect( &rect ); dc.DrawText("Hello, MFC", -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE ¦ DT_CENTER ¦ DT_VCENTER ); }
. 4.1.
Hello
Windows: , MFC"
,
, . .
Hello.
. 4.1.
47
"Hello,
2.1
-
MFC-
–
CWinApp. CWinApp
,
.
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, . MFC
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.
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CMyApp.
Hello
:
Hello.cpp CMyApp myApp;
CMyApp
,
CWinApp –
.
InitInstance. InitInstance
.
MFCInitInstance.
CWinApp 2.2
-
InitInstance CWinApp::InitInstance
: return TRUE;
,
InitInstance
( ).
, InitInstance
/
.
(
FALSE)
. -
CMyApp::InitInstance CMainWindow, CWinApp::m_pMainWnd:
-
m_pMainWnd = new CMainWindow;
InitInstance CMainWindow:
-
m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow( m_nCmdShow ); // В m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow(); //
ShowWindow
UpdateWindow
MFC,
CFrameWnd,
CMainWindow. ShowWindow
:
-
,
SW_SHOWNORMAL). CWinApp::m_nCmdShow, nCmdShow WinMain.
CWnd –
( Hello
ShowWindow
48
2.3
CWinApp InitInstance,
-
CWinApp
, .
CWinApp , WinHelp ProcessWndProcException,
,
. ExitInstance
( stance).
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PreTranslateMessage. OnIdle
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,
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OnIdle
,
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MFC-
Hello
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Hello
WinMain.
–
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Winmain.cpp,
MFC–
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AfxWinMain. AfxWinMain
.
-
WinMain
-
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,
-
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-
AfxWinMain
.
-
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-
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32-
, InitApplication
Windows -
Windows 3.x). AfxWinInit, FALSE, AfxWinMain
InitInstance
. AfxWinMain
,
. 49
-
-
-
. .
Run
: pApp->Run();
WM_QUIT. Run AfxWinMain. return 2.5 К
"
-
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.
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MFC
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Hello CFrameWnd,
,
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CFrameWnd
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Hello CMainWindow
Create.
InitInstance,
CMainWindow
Windows,
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CFrameWnd,
-
: Create( NULL, "
-
Hello" );
Create,
CMainWindow
: BOOL Create( LPCTSTR lpszClassName, LPCTSTR lpszWindowName, DWORD dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, const RECT& rect = rectDefault, CWnd* pParentWnd = NULL, LPCTSTR lpszMenuName = NULL, DWORD dwExStyle = 0, CCreateContext* pContext = NULL )
,
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"
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8-
-
Hello lpszClassName WNDCLASS),
Create
NULL, .
. .
, lpszWindowName
2.6
Windows, -
Hello WM_PAINT.
,
,
.
50
,
-
WM_PAINT. Hello CMainWindow::OnPaint, WM_PAINT.
WM_PAINT
"Hello, MFC"
.
CPaintDC:
CPaintDC dc( this );
MFC
CDC,
CPaintDC
Windows.
-
CDC
,
.
CPaintDC
CDC,
-
WM_PAINT.
Windows API
WM_PAINT ::BeginPaint
, .
, -
::EndPaint
Windows
.
WM_PAINT
::BeginPaint
::EndPaint,
Windows
WM_PAINT
. CPaintDC ::EndPaint –
,
::BeginPaint
. CPaintDC
OnPaint
-
CRect
CWnd::GetClientRect
: CRect rect; GetClientRect( &rect );
OnPaint
"Hello, MFC":
CDC::DrawText
dc.DrawText( "Hello, MFC", -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER );
DrawText –
.
:
,
(
),
RECT
,
.
,
4 -1, CRect
-
Hello
, ,
rect.
,
DrawText
. SetTextColor.
. .
CDC,
Hello
,
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, SelectObject "(
, –
).
51
). DrawText
-
2.7 К
.К
WM_PAINT, CMainWindow::OnPaint?
-
– .
Windows, -
,
-
-
,
Hello
,
MFC
WM_PAINT
OnPaint.
MFC
,
,
, .
-
CCmdTarget.
MFC
,
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, : -
DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP.
2)
. END_MESSAGE_MAP.
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP
,
.
3)
Hello
. -
CMainWindow
, WM_PAINT,
:
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP( CMainWindow, CFrameWnd ) ON_WM_PAINT() END_MESSAGE_MAP()
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP,
-
.( .
,
, .).
END_MESSAGE_MAP BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP END_MESSAGE_MAP . ON_WM_PAINT
.
-
MFC Afxmsg_.h. WM_PAINT. WM_PAINT
, -
OnPaint.
MFC WM_ACTIVATE
100
Windows,
WM_WININICHANGE. ON_WM
MFC,
WM_
, ,
.
OnPaint, WM_LBUTTONDOWN
On
-
, WM_PAINT . .
OnLButtonDown
MFC.
OnPaint
. OnLButtonDown
,
,
:
afx_msg void OnLButtonDown( UINT nFlags, CPoint point )
52
-
,
nFlags
,
Ctrl
Shift.
point
.
,
-
, lParam.
wParam
Windows API
wParam
-
lParam
. MFC ,
, . . .
,
,
MFC
-
? ON_MESSAGE.
: -
. -
WM_SETTEXT
,
OnSetText
: ON_MESSAGE( WM_SETTEXT, OnSetText )
-
:
OnSetText
afx_msg LRESULT OnSetText( WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam );
MFC
.
, ,
-
ON_COMMAND
.
ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI
.
. Hello. Hello.h:
OnPaint
-
CMainWindow
afx_msg void OnPaint(); DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
,
afx_msg , OnPaint
-
. .
, . .
-
DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP
, . .
++. DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP, public, protected
private.
3.
MFC-
Hello. CWinApp. InitInstance.
MFC AfxWinMain Windows. -
InitInstance WM_PAINT InitInstance
-
AfxWinMain Run,
. MFC 53
, , ShowWindow UpdateWindow. -
-
WM_PAINT
-
CMainWindow::OnPaint,
DrawText
MFC, .
.
WinMain.
API.
,
"Hello, MFC". CPaintDC. Windows API, . Windows
MFC,
OnPaint
-
Hello
API,
MFC. MFC , . . . -
, MFC .
MFC Windows.
-
MFC Windows,
,
ActiveX
OLE.
4.
1)
, Visual C++
MFC"
" "Hierarchy Chart". Hello.
2) File⇒New Win32 Application
Visual C++ 1. 2.
: Projects. Project Name .
OK. 3.
:
Hello.h
File⇒New, . , Add To Project , . OK, . General. 4. Project⇒Settings Microsoft Foundation Classes Use MFC In A Shared DLL OK. MFC Use MFC In A Shared DLL , . . MFC DLL. Use MFC In A Static Library, Visual C++ EXEMFC, EXE. , , MFC, , , MFC DLL . Hello.cpp.
3)
" Windows" ( . CD-ROM). szMsg, nAge, cxLength, clrBtn? .
bRepaint,
-
54
4)
WinMain.cpp ( AfxWinMain goto? CWinThread::Run ( OnIdle ExitInstance.
5)
\DevStudio\Vc\Mfc\Src)
.2.4
.
CWinApp::Run ( ThrdCore.cpp) ,
AppCore.cpp)
-
Hello
. SetBkColor.
SetTextColor
COLORREF. RGB(r, g, b), ,
-
: RGB(255, 0, 0). 6)
,
Hello
-
Windows: WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_RBUTTONDOWN WM_KEYDOWN WM_MOVE WM_SIZE WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN WM_CLOSE
.
AfxMessageBox CFrameWnd,
(
,
,
). -
-
CMainWnd
, (ON_WM_LBUTTONDOWN 7)
-
. .) 4-
55
(
. CD-ROM).
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щ
5.
1. К
(MS-DOS),
, . . . -
. , A,
, , ,
B.
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,
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. "
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Windows, , -
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, ,
GDI .
GDI
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.
MFC . GDI
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5.1. CPaintDC CClientDC CWindowDC CMetaFileDC
(
OnPaint)
, GDI (
,
-
GDI
)
, GDI .
,
:
OnPaint CPaintDC dc(this); // В -
. -
-
,
CPaintDC
. CPaintDC WM_PAINT.
Windows 56
-
OnPaint.
,
-
. ,
WM_PAINT. CClientDC.
,
,
OnPaint.
-
CClientDC
,
CDC.
void CMainWindow::OnLButtonDown( UINT nFlags, CPoint point ) { CRect rect; GetClientRect(&rect); CClientDC dc(this); dc.MoveTo( rect.left, rect.top ); dc.LineTo( rect.right, rect.bottom ); dc.MoveTo( rect.right, rect.top ); dc.LineTo( rect.left, rect.bottom ); }
( ,
). CClientDC
.
CWindowDC,
-
,
:
CClientDC dc( NULL ); dc.Ellipse( 0, 0, 100, 100 );
1.1
, .
-
CDC
(
-
. 5.2).
5.2.
CDC
-
-
СDC
-
OPAQUE MM_TEXT
SetTextColor SetBkColor SetBkMode SetMapMode
GetTextColor GetBkColor GetBkMode GetMapMode
R2_COPYPEN (0,0) BLACK_PEN WHITE_BRUSH SYSTEM_FONT
SetROP2 MoveTo SelectObject SelectObject SelectObject
GetROP2 GetCurrentPosition SelectObject SelectObject SelectObject
-
CDC
,
,
(
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LineTo Rectangle
GDI .
, ,
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57
.
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. (
"
,
-
"):
dc.SetBkMode( TRANSPARENT );
SelectObject.
CDC
• • • • • •
"
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GDI 6-
:
CPen, CBrush
CFont.
(pens) (brushes) (fonts) (bitmaps) (palettes) (regions). MFC
, " ":
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":
1 ;
12
"
.
;
": ,
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pBrush –
pPen
10
. -
:
dc.SelectObject( pPen ); dc.SelectObject( pBrush ); dc.Ellipse( 0, 0, 100, 100 );
-
-
SelectObject
GDI. ,
,
. 1.2
GDI – .
–
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, . – ( . .
). ,
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dc.Rectangle( 0, 0, 200, 100 );
, 100
200 .
100
200 .
MM_TEXT, 1
1( 1/10
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. ,
MM_LOMETRIC 1
,
, -
Rectangle
20
10
. 58
.
,
MM_TEXT,
5.3.
, -
MM_TEXT MM_LOMETRIC MM_HIMETRIC MM_LOENGLISH MM_HIENGLISH MM_TWIPS MM_ISOTROPIC
GDI
, 1 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.001 1/1440
-
(0.0007
x x x x x x
)
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x
y
x
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y
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1.3
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CDC::LPtoDP.
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CDC::DPtoLP.
,
.
, . . CWnd::GetClientRect:
CRect rect; GetClientRect( &rect ); CPoint point( rect.Width()/2, rect.Height()/2 );
MM_LOMETRIC DPtoLP: CRect rect; GetClientRect( &rect ); CPoint point( rect.Width()/2, rect.Height()/2 ); CClientDC dc( this ); dc.SetMapMode( MM_LOMETRIC );
59
dc.DPtoLP( &point );
LPtoDP
-
DPtoLP
. Windows .
,
"
"
MM_LOMETRIC,
. Windows"
"
"
".
, -
– .
–
,
. CWnd::ScreenToClient.
CWnd::ClientToScreen 1.4
. . . ,
,
. : CDC::SetWindowOrg ( )
-
CDC::SetViewportOrg (
). , .
(
,
dc –
CDC):
CRect rect; GetClientRect( &rect ); dc.SetViewportOrg( rect.Width()/2, rect.Height()/2 );
1.5
, .
CDC::GetDeviceCaps.
(
, 1024 768)
,
:
CClientDC dc( this ); int cx = dc.GetDeviceCaps( HORZRES ); int cy = dc.GetDeviceCaps( VERTRES );
. 5.4.
GetDeviceCaps 5.4.
GetDeviceCaps ,
HORZRES VERTRES HORZSIZE VERTSIZE LOGPIXELSX LOGPIXELSY NUMCOLORS
GetDeviceCaps , , , ,
–
,
TECHNOLOGY
, ,
– –
.
60
,
-
2.
GDI
2.1
(
)
5.5.
, 5.5.
-
CDC,
CDC
MoveTo LineTo Polyline PolylineTo
,
. .
Arc ArcTo PolyBezier PolyBezierTo
-
PolyDraw
:
LineTo dc.MoveTo( 0, 0 ); dc.LineTo( 0, 100 );
MoveTo
,
:
dc.MoveTo( 0, 0 ); dc.LineTo( 0, 100 ); dc.LineTo( 100, 100 );
Polyline PolylineTo ( , Polyline –
, ).
PolylineTo
,
:
POINT aPoint[5] = { 0, 0, 0, 100, 100, 100, 100, 0, 0, 0 }; dc.Polyline( aPoint, 5 );
PolylineTo: dc.MoveTo( 0, 0 ); POINT aPoint[4] = { 0, 100, 100, 100, 100, 0, 0, 0 }; dc.PolylineTo( aPoint, 4 );
CDC::Arc.
( , 100
). 200
:
CRect rect(0, 0, 200, 100); CPoint point1(0, -500); CPoint point2(-500, 0); dc.Arc(rect, point1, point2);
61
-
GDI . . .
,
(0, 0)
(100, 100): dc.MoveTo( 0, 0 ); dc.LineTo( 100, 100 );
(100, 100)
.
,
, CDC::SetPixel,
.
2.2
,
GDI
,
.
. 5.6. 5.6.
CDC
-
Chord Ellipse Pie Polygon Rectangle RoundRect
,
GDI,
, .
, ,
,
-
Ellipse
,
:
dc.Ellipse( 0, 0, 100, 100 );
CRect:
RECT
CRect rect( 0, 0, 100, 100 ); dc.Ellipse( rect );
, . . .
CDC::Rectangle:
dc.Rectangle( 0, 0, 8, 4 );
,
. 5.2.
. 5.2.
,
dc.Rectangle(0,0,8,4)
62
2.3
GDI
CPen
,
GDI
,
-
. 1
.
,
CDC::SelectObject.
MFC
GDI
CPen. CPen,
:
CPen pen( PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(255, 0, 0) );
: GDI
CPen,
CPen::CreatePen:
CPen pen; pen.CreatePen( PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(255, 0, 0) );
:
CPen, CPen::CreatePenIndirect
,
LOGPEN
GDI: CPen pen; LOGPEN lp; lp.lopnStyle = PS_SOLID; lp.lopnWidth.x = 1; lp.lopnColor = RGB(255, 0, 0); pen.CreatePenIndirect(&lp);
LOGPEN
POINT,
lopnWidth
, x
y
-
. TRUE,
CreatePen CreatePenIndirect (FALSE –
:
,
-
). .
. 5.3. PS_DASHDOT PS_DASHDOTDOT PS_NULL PS_INSIDEFRAME
PS_SOLID PS_DASH PS_DOT
.
. 5.3.
,
PS_INSIDEFRAME
. 100
,
-
20
PS_SOLID
120
. (
.
PS_INSIDEFRAME,
100
.
,
,
.
63
PS_INSIDEFRAME
.5.4). -
PS_INSIDEFRAME.
. 5.4.
(
PS_NULL
),
,
-
. .
PS_DOT, PS_DASHDOT
.
PS_DASH,
1
PS_DASHDOTDOT
0
,
-
1 . ,
.
,
10
,
-
: CPen pen( PS_SOLID, 10, RGB(255, 0, 0) ); CPen* pOldPen = dc.SelectObject( &pen ); dc.Ellipse( 0, 0, 100, 100 );
2.4 К
GDI
CBrush
(Rectangle, Ellipse . .)
. ,
. MFC
CBrush.
,
:
.
.
6
, (
. 5.5).
.
-
CBrush
.
.
. 5.5.
CBrush
: 64
-
CBrush brush( RGB(255, 0, 0) );
(
MFC,
GDI):
CBrush brush; brush.CreateSolidBrush( RGB(255, 0, 0) );
CBrush
,
:
CBrush brush( HS_DIAGCROSS, RGB(255, 0, 0) );
: CBrush brush; brush.CreateHatchBrush( HS_DIAGCROSS, RGB(255, 0, 0) );
GDI (
"
, /
OPAQUE
CDC::SetBkMode).
" CDC::SetBkColor TRANSPARENT
,
-
100
: CBrush brush( HS_DIAGCROSS, RGB (255, 255, 255) ); dc.SelectObject( &brush ); dc.SetBkColor( RGB(192, 192, 192) ); dc.Rectangle( 0, 0, 100, 100 );
2.5 CDC::DrawText.
,
,
,
.
,
, :
rect
dc.DrawText( "Hello, MFC", -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE ¦ DT_CENTER ¦ DT_VCENTER );
DrawText,
– -
CDC
.
. 5.7. TextOut,
DrawText,
.
:
dc.TextOut( 0, 0, "Hello, MFC" );
"Hello, MFC", dc.
,
-
TabbedTextOut
(
). ,
,
TextOut, TabbedTextOut
ExtTextOut,
.
, .
CDC::SetTextAlign,
,
:
dc.SetTextAlign( TA_RIGHT );
65
-
TextOut
,
SetTextAlign TextOut
TA_UPDATECP.
. . 5.7.
CDC
-
DrawText TextOut TabbedTextOut ExtTextOut
, -
GetTextExtent GetTabbedText Extent GetTextMetric s SetTextAlign
(
,
. .) TextOut
SetTextJustif ication SetTextColor SetBkColor
,
-
,
GetTextMetrics
GetTextExtent
,
. GetTextMetrics TEXTMETRIC. GetTextExtent (
GetTabbedTextExtent)
.
GetTextExtent –
, .
,
-
nWidth.
: CString string = " "; CSize size = dc.GetTextExtent( string ); dc.SetTextJustification( nWidth - size.cx, 3 ); dc.TextOut( 0, y, string );
.
-
(
-
SetTextJustification
.
-
SetTextJustification,
TextOut
, SetTextJustification', 2.6 Ш
GDI
-
CFont
. )
.
,
CDC
–
(
,
, 66
,
). –
-
.1 1/6
1/72 Windows " Courier New
,
.
12
. " . , Times New Roman . – GDI. MFC CFont. , CreateFont, CreateFontIndirect, CreatePointFont CreatePointFontIndirect GDI. CreateFont CreateFontIndirect , CreatePointFont CreatePointFontIndirect – . , 12Times New Roman CreatePointFont ( 1/10 ): CFont font; font.CreatePointFont( 120, "Times New Roman" );
, . .
CreateFont
-
, : CClientDC dc(this); int nHeight = -((dc.GetDeviceCaps(LOGPIXELSY)*12)/72); CFont font; font.CreateFont( nHeight, 0, 0, 0, FW_NORMAL, 0, 0, 0, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, DEFAULT_PITCH ¦ FF_DONTCARE, "Times New Roman" );
CreateFont
,
.
LOGFONT CreatePointFontIndirect,
:
LOGFONT lf; memset( &lf, 0, sizeof(lf) ); lf.lfHeight = 120; lf.lfWeight = FW_BOLD; lf.lfItalic = TRUE; strcpy( lf.lfFaceName, "Times New Roman" ); CFont font; font.CreatePointFontIndirect( &lf );
,
,
GDI
-
. GDI . 2.7
,
,
,
.
GDI
Windows
, GDI,
, GDI (
.
,
. 5.8).
CDC::SelectStockObject CPen, CBrush, . CGdiObject
CGdiObject::CreateStockObject. CPen, CBrush, CFont MFC-
, 67
GDI.
5.8.
GDI
NULL_PEN BLACK_PEN WHITE_PEN NULL_BRUSH HOLLOW_BRUSH BLACK_BRUSH DKGRAY_BRUSH GRAY_BRUSH LTGRAY_BRUSH WHITE_BRUSH ANSI_FIXED_FONT ANSI_VAR_FONT SYSTEM_FONT SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT
(
) 1 1
( ,
) NULL_BRUSH
ANSI ANSI , (
. . -
Windows)
,
,
-
.
:
CPen pen( PS_NULL, 0, (RGB (0, 0, 0)) ); dc.SelectObject( &pen ); CBrush brush( RGB(192, 192, 192) ); dc.SelectObject(&brush); dc.Ellipse( 0, 0, 100, 100 );
. .
-
GDI,
:
dc.SelectStockObject( NULL_PEN ); dc.SelectStockObject( LTGRAY_BRUSH ); dc.Ellipse( 0, 0, 100, 100 );
2.8
GDI
,
GDI
,
GDI,
.
GDI, CPen, CBrush, CFont
. .
GDI
CGdiObject
. new,
CGdiObject delete. CGdiObject,
GDI, " Visual C++ .
"
GDI,
CGdiObject::DeleteObject. CreateStockObject,
.
GDI,
-
new.
, :
Afxwin.h #define new DEBUG_NEW
, Visual C++.
GDI,
68
-
GDI .
,
, :
void CMainWindow::OnPaint() { CPaintDC dc( this ); CBrush brush( RGB(255, 0, 0) ); dc.SelectObject( &brush ); dc.Ellipse( 0, 0, 200, 100 ); }
, . .
, .
CBrush.
CPaintDC CBrush –
,
,
GDI .
dc.
,
, -
. ,
.
GDI
,
UnselectObject. CPaintDC
, GDI, :
-
,
GDI. , ,
GDI SelectObject.
,
, "
".
:
CPen pen( PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(255, 0, 0) ); CPen* pOldPen = dc.SelectObject(&pen); CBrush brush( RGB(0, 0, 255) ); CBrush* pOldBrush = dc.SelectObject( &brush ); dc.SelectObject( pOldPen ); dc.SelectObject( pOldBrush );
GDI
:
CPen pen( PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(255, 0, 0) ); dc.SelectObject( &pen ); CBrush brush( RGB(0, 0, 255) ); dc.SelectObject( &brush ); dc.SelectStockObject( BLACK_PEN ); dc.SelectStockObject( WHITE_BRUSH );
GDI
delete:
CPen* pPen = new CPen( PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(255, 0, 0) ); CPen* pOldPen = dc.SelectObject( pPen ); dc.SelectObject( pOldPen ); delete pPen;
3.
, –
Windows
. .
, ,
GDI
69
.
MFC
CDC,
Windows,
, CPaintDC, CClientDC, CWindowDC. -
. , , . ,
. -
(0, 0) x
,
y–
.
. ,
( ). GDI
:
,
,
CDC,
. Visual C++ -
. ,
,
,
– ,
-
GDI ( ). CGdiObject: CPen
.
CFont
, ,
GDI , CBrush GDI (
MFC , -
m_hObject).
GDI , . .
. GDI
.
4.
1)
,
, Hello (
OnPaint
). 2) 3)
-
5№2, "
70
( GDI" (
. CD-ROM). . CD-ROM).
-
Л
6.
.
Windows
. Windows
, -
, , .
WM_COMMAND
,
. .
.
,
.
. Windows
-
, API ( MFC),
. MFC-
. USER Windows (
,
-
). .
MFC -
.
-
. 1.
Windows
20 :
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
• • •
: ; ; .
Windows
(
,
). 1.1
,
6.1. , -
WM_LBUTTON, WM_RBUTTON – CWnd
, , WM_MBUTTON –
.
. 6.2.
71
6.1.
, К
WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_LBUTTONUP WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK WM_MBUTTONDOWN WM_MBUTTONUP WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK WM_RBUTTONDOWN WM_RBUTTONUP WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK WM_MOUSEMOVE
(
WM_xBUTTONUP
)
WM_xBUTTONDOWN.
.
, ,
,
,
WM_LBUTTONDOWN.
.
, "
"
(
,
. .1.2).
6.2.
,
-
. WM_xBUTTONDOWN WM_xBUTTONUP WM_xBUTTONDBLCLK WM_MOUSEMOVE
ON_WM_xBUTTONDOWN ON_WM_xBUTTONUP ON_WM_xBUTTONDBLCLK ON_WM_MOUSEMOVE
OnxButtonDown OnxButtonUp OnxButtonDblClk OnMouseMove
, OnLButtonDown,
,
:
afx_msg void OnMsgName( UINT nFlags, CPoint point )
.
point
, .
CDC::DPtoLP.
nFlags
Shift
.
Ctrl
-
nFlags
,
. 6.3. 6.3.
,
nFlags К
MK_LBUTTON MK_MBUTTON MK_RBUTTON MK_CONTROL MK_SHIFT
Ctrl Shift
,
,
,
NC (
72
nonclient).
,
WM_LBUTTONDOWN – WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN.
. 1.2
,
,
-
.
( "
").
,
, .
"
,
(
. "
Windows )
,
-
,
"
.
,
"
.
,
,
. "
"
-
. CWnd::SetCapture,
–
API ::ReleaseCapture. , // ON_WM_LBUTTONDOWN() ON_WM_LBUTTONUP()
:
CMainWindow
void CMainWindow::OnLButtonDown( UINT nFlags, CPoint point ) { SetCapture(); } void CMainWindow::OnLButtonUp( UINT nFlags, CPoint point ) { ::ReleaseCapture(); }
, CMainWindow WM_MOUSEMOVE,
.
-
. CWnd
, NULL,
(
CWnd::GetCapture, CWnd). Win32 GetCapture
. ,
GetCapture
,
-
: if ( GetCapture() == this )
1.3 WM_SETCURSOR,
. .
::SetCursor
73
,
CMainWindow::m_hCursor. CMainWindow : // ON_WM_SETCURSOR()
-
CMainWindow
BOOL CMainWindow::OnSetCursor( CWnd* pWnd, UINT nHitTest, UINT message) { if ( nHitTest == HTCLIENT ) { ::SetCursor( m_hCursor ); return TRUE; } return CFrameWnd::OnSetCursor( pWnd, nHitTest, message ); }
,
,
-
Developer Studio. (
,
IDC_CROSS)
IDC_ARROW CWinApp::LoadStandardCursor,
.
:
AfxGetApp()->LoadStandardCursor( IDC_ARROW );
-
,
Windows. CWinApp::LoadStandardCursor.
-
CWinApp::LoadCursor
, Developer Studio.
,
,
"
".
IDC_WAIT. LoadStandardCursor –
, MFC CWaitCursor. ,
:
CWaitCursor wait;
CWaitCursor
,
.
CWaitCursor,
-
-
CWaitCursor::Restore.
,
.
2.
Windows :
, .
,
.
,
, ,
. "
. 74
".
-
" . , PgUp,
,
"
,
WM_KEYDOWN/WM_KEYUP
, ,
.
-
,
/
,
WM_CHAR,
.
-
,
Shift Windows .
Caps Lock.
caret.. , (
,
WM_SETFOCUS)
(WM_KILLFOCUS). CWnd , , ShowCaret ( ) SetCaretPos ( ,
), HideCaret (
-
). .
2.1
Windows
, ,
,
WM_KEYDOWN
WM_KEYUP.
F10 – "
"
Alt
-
,
Windows
.
WM_SYSKEYDOWN
WM_SYSKEYUP. WM_SYSKEYDOWN
Alt WM_SYSKEYUP (
WM_KEYDOWN/WM_KEYUP). MFC OnKeyDown,
OnKeyUp, OnSysKeyDown OnSysKeyUp ( ON_WM_KEYDOWN, ON_WM_KEYUP, ON_WM_SYSKEYDOWN
ON_WM_SYSKEYUP).
,
. :
afx_msg void OnMsgName( UINT nChar, UINT nRepCnt, UINT nFlags )
nChar –
,
–
, nRepCnt
/ 1
(
1
WM_KEYUP).
.
nRepCnt
-
nFlags
,
WM_KEYDOWN
-
,
,
Alt.
,
. ASCII, A
,
0x41
0x5A
-
Z.
Winuser.h.
VK_ (
.
. 6.4).
6.4. К VK_F1 VK_F12
-
К
-
VK_NEXT F1 - F12
75
-
PgDn
К
-
VK_CANCEL VK_RETURN VK_BACK VK_TAB VK_SHIFT VK_CONTROL VK_MENU VK_PAUSE VK_ESCAPE VK_SPACE VK_PRIOR
К
-
-
-
VK_END VK_HOME VK_LEFT VK_UP VK_RIGHT VK_DOWN VK_INSERT VK_DELETE VK_CAPITAL VK_NUMLOCK VK_SCROLL
Ctrl-Break Enter Backspace Tab Shift Ctrl Alt Pause Esc Spacebar PgUp
End Home
Ins Del Caps Lock Num Lock Scroll Lock
2.2
Shift, Ctrl
Alt.
::GetKeyState.
,.
,
,
:
Shift,
::GetKeyState( VK_SHIFT )
,
,
Shift
– ). ,
( Ctrl+ :
OnKeyDown
if ( (nChar == VK_LEFT) && (::GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL) < 0) ) { }
-
::GetKeyState
. ,
,
, ::GetAsyncKeyState.
2.3
/
-
, .
Caps Lock, Shift WM_CHAR. WM_KEYDOWN/WM_KEYUP
Windows ::TranslateMessage.
-
MFC. WM_CHAR
-
ON_WM_CHAR
:
OnChar
afx_msg void OnChar( UINT nChar, UINT nRepCnt, UINT nFlags )
nRepCnt
nFlags
,
WM_KEYDONW/WM_KEYUP.
, ,
Enter 76
Backspace:
-
// ON_WM_CHAR()
CMainWindow
void CMainWindow::OnChar( UINT nChar, UINT nRepCnt, UINT nFlags ) { if ( ( (nChar >= `A') && (nChar > m_strPhone; }
113
m_strPhone.
}
( , CString,
,
/
CArchive
) –
Serialize >.
CArchive::Read CArchive::Write. ReadString WriteString
,
-
CArchive
).
( -
CArchive CArchive::GetFile
, CFile,
,
CArchive.
,
CDocument OnCloseDocument (
)
, -
OnSaveDocument (
). 4. К
-
-
–
.
-
: ( )
,
.
,
,
-
. MFC ,
,
CView, CScrollView
C -
CView.
-
-
.
,
-
. -
-
m_pDocument
.
-
GetDocument.
,
GetFirstViewPosition
4.1 Ви
GetNextView, GetDocument.
ции CView CDocument,
-
CView
OnDraw, WM_PAINT. WM_PAINT
( -
. 9.3).
,
/ OnPaint
CPaintDC.
-
, 114
,
OnDraw.
-
:
, -
/ .
WM_PAINT CPaintDC OnDraw
MFC -
,
void CMyView::OnDraw( CDC* pDC ) { CMyDoc* pDoc = GetDocument(); CString string = pDoc->GetString(); CRect rect; GetClientRect( &rect ); pDC->DrawText( string, rect, DT_SINGLELINE ¦ DT_CENTER ¦ DT_VCENTER ); }
,
,
OnDraw
,
.
9.3.
CView
OnDraw OnInitialUpdate
-
. .
-
-
. OnUpdate
, "
.
"
-
,
,
,
-
, .
-
, ,
-
, ,
OnDraw
,
, -
. . . . .
OnDraw
/
–
CView OnUpdate.
OnInitialUpdate
,
,
SDI.
SDI-
,
OnInitialUpdate
.
OnUpdate,
OnInitialUpdate
OnUpdate
-
. -
OnInitialUpdate
-
, -
, .
,
CScrollView SetScrollSizes
-
OnInitialUpdate
.
-
OnInitialUpdate
,
-
. ,
OnUpdate
-
,
(
-
)
UpdateAllViews. OnUpdate
,
.
MDI-
, ,
.
–
.
,
, CView::OnActivateView.
CFrameWnd::GetActiveView
CFrameWnd::SetActiveView.
115
-
-
5. К
"
-
"
.
–
: ,
-
, .
-
-
MDICMDIChildWnd
. -
OnClose
.
– CMDIFrameWnd / ,
, /
SDI-
CFrameWnd,
-
-
. -
.
,
CFrameWnd
OnQueryEndSession,
Windows.
-
CFrameWnd
-
, .
-
,
-
,
. CFrameWnd CWnd. Windows. CFrameWnd
CWnd –
++ ,
CWnd
/
.
6. Д
,
-
, MFC
,
–
(dynamic creation). MFC
–
DECLARE_DYNCREATE
IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE.
1) 2)
: CObject. DECLARE_DYNCREATE.
–
.
3)
IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE
– . : RUNTIME_CLASS( CMyClass )->CreateObject();
new.
, ,
++ -
,
CString strClassName = "CMyClass"; CMyClass* ptr = new strClassName; //
: CMyClass
MFC , . 116
-
:
DECLARE_DYNCREATE CRuntimeClass, GetRuntimeClass CreateObject.
,
-
: DECLARE_DYNCREATE( CMyClass )
++
:
public: static const AFX_DATA CRuntimeClass classCMyClass; virtual CRuntimeClass* GetRuntimeClass() const; static CObject* PASCAL CreateObject();
IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE CRuntimeClass ( GetRuntimeClass IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE :
)
,
CreateObject.
IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE( CMyClass, CBaseClass )
:
CreateObject CObject* PASCAL CMyClass::CreateObject() { return new CMyClass; }
6.1
SDI-
CWinApp::InitInstance CSingleDocTemplate – SDICSingleDocTemplate 4 : (IDR_MAINFRAME) RUNTIME_CLASS.
• • • •
.
.
-
, (
)
: ;
; ; (document string), " "
,
,
"
"
. SDI-
-
, -
.
,
LoadFrame.
,
. LoadFrame RC(AppWizard
, ). "\n".
•
•
-
"
, "
-
: -
.
,
,
"Microsoft Draw".
,
. "\n"),
( "Untitled".
117
-
•
File⇒New
•
, MDI.
, SDI-
. ,
, "Drawing
Files (*.drw)".
• •
. "
",
, ".drw".
,
,
"Draw.Document". ShellFileTypes
,
CWinApp::Register-
Windows,. -
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
•
. ,
, "Microsoft Draw Document". . CWinApp::RegisterShellFileTypes, ( , ). , , "\n". AppWizard Advanced Options, (AppWizard's Step 4). SDIRC:
4-
STRINGTABLE BEGIN IDR_MAINFRAME "Microsoft Draw\n\n\nDraw Files(*.drw)\n.drw\n Draw.Document\nMicrosoft Draw Document" END
-
"Untitled
- Microsoft Draw". – ".drw", "Draw Files (*.drw)".
"
"
7.
/ ". К
" (command messages)
MFC
,
WM_COMMAND,
-
, .
-
–
,
-
-
.
-
. , ,
-
,
.
, , ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI
118
-
.
MFC.
-
WM_COMMAND, CCmdTarget CFrameWnd OnCmdMsg
.
-
OnCmdMsg,
:
BOOL CFrameWnd::OnCmdMsg(...) { // CView* pView = GetActiveView(); if ( pView != NULL && pView->OnCmdMsg(...) ) return TRUE; // if ( CWnd::OnCmdMsg(...) ) return TRUE;
-
// , CWinApp* pApp = AfxGetApp(); if ( pApp != NULL && pApp->OnCmdMsg(...) ) return TRUE;
-
return FALSE; }
,
. .
FALSE
CFrameWnd::OnCmdMsg ::DefWindowProc
,
"
, ?
".
, -
-
,
,
-
-
,
-
.
CFrameWnd::OnCmdMsg
OnCmdMsg
,
. ,
-
-
.
OnCmdMsg
,
-
.
SDI-
,
,
. 9.2.
,
,
,
,
::DefWindowProc.
,
,
, File⇒New, File⇒Open , File⇒Exit OnFileNew, OnFileOpen OnAppExit. File⇒Save File⇒Save As " " CDocument::OnFileSave CDocument::OnFileSaveAs. / CFrameWnd, . , , /
.
,
. WM_CREATE
Windows,
, WM_CHAR, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, . , -
WM_SIZE
–
-
.
-
,
. 119
,
. 9.2.
-
SDI-
.
7.1
/ MFC File⇒Open
CFrameWnd
, ID_FILE_OPEN
. CWinApp, CDocument, " " , ". " ?" , ID_APP_EXIT -
File⇒Save. "
ID_FILE_SAVE
. 9.4 . , . , : ON_COMMAND( ID_APP_EXIT,
WinApp::OnAppExit )
9.4. "
"
?
ID_FILE_NEW ID_FILE_OPEN ID_FILE_SAVE ID_FILE_SAVE_AS ID_FILE_PAGE_SETUP ID_FILE_PRINT_SETUP ID_FILE_PRINT ID_FILE_PRINT_PREVIEW ID_FILE_SEND_MAIL ID_FILE_MRU_FILE1_ ID_FILE_MRU_FILE16 ID_APP_EXIT
New Open Save Save As Page Setup Print Setup Print Print Preview Send Mail N/A
CWinApp::OnFileNew CWinApp::OnFileOpen CDocument::OnFileSave CDocument::OnFileSaveAs
Exit
CWinApp::OnAppExit
ID_EDIT_CLEAR
Clear
N/A CWinApp::OnFilePrintSetup CView::OnFilePrint CView::OnFilePrintPreview CDocument::OnFileSendMail CWinApp::OnOpenRecentFile
N/A
120
" ID_EDIT_CLEAR_ALL ID_EDIT_CUT ID_EDIT_COPY ID_EDIT_PASTE ID_EDIT_PASTE_LINK ID_EDIT_PASTE_SPECIAL ID_EDIT_FIND ID_EDIT_REPLACE ID_EDIT_UNDO ID_EDIT_REDO ID_EDIT_REPEAT ID_EDIT_SELECT_ALL
"
? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Clear All Cut Copy Paste Paste Link Paste Special Find Replace Undo Redo Repeat SelectAll
ID_VIEW_TOOLBAR CFrameWnd::OnBarCheck Toolbar ID_VIEW_STATUS_BAR CFrameWnd::OnBarCheck Status Bar ( MDI ) ID_WINDOW_NEW CMDIFrameWnd::OnWindowNew New Window ID_WINDOW_ARRANGE CMDIFrameWnd::OnMDIWindowCmd Arrange All ID_WINDOW_CASCADE CMDIFrameWnd::OnMDIWindowCmd Cascade ID_WINDOW_TILE_HORZ Tile Horizontal CMDIFrameWnd::OnMDIWindowCmd ID_WINDOW_TILE_VERT CMDIFrameWnd::OnMDIWindowCmd Tile Vertical ID_APP_ABOUT
N/A
About AppName
MFC : • CFrameWnd::OnUpdateControlBarMenu ID_VIEW_TOOLBAR ID_VIEW_STATUS_BAR; • CMDIFrameWnd::OnUpdateMDIWindowCmd . • CDocument::OnUpdateFileSendMail ID_FILE_SEND_MAIL. CEditView CRichEditView , ( ). . . , .
121
. .
-
Л 1) Microsoft Corporation. : " ", 2000. (
Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0. Microsoft MFC
2) 3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
. Visual C++ 6. ,
.: -
Visual C++). Petzold C. Programming Windows. Microsoft Press. 1990. ( , Windows API) Prosise J. Programming Windows with MFC. Microsoft Press. 1999. ( , Petzold' , Windows MFC. ). Toth V. Visual C++ 4 Unleashed. Sams Publishing, 1996 ( Windows Visual C++ 4.0. . Windows ). . Windows 2000 . : , 2001. ( , Windows 2000 API – COM, , . COM, , .) ., ., . Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 . : , 2000. ( , . Visual C++ MFC.) . ., . . , . .: " ", 2000. ( . CD-ROM , .) . Windows : Win3264Windows. : , 2001. ( , 32Windows 95/NT/2000 API.) . . MFC. : – , 2000. ( MFC, .)
122
-
. .
, . .
++ 4-
(
. )
. . . . 12.04.2002 60 84 1/16 . . 20,5 №06076 19.10.2001 140410 .
, .
.
.,
.
16.04.2002 -
, 30.
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