Book of abstracts : 17th annual congress of the European College of Sport Science 9789090268682

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th

17 annual Congress of the

EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE th

4-7 July ECSS Bruges 2012 – Belgium

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Edited by: Meeusen, R., Duchateau, J., Roelands, B., Klass, M., De Geus, B., Baudry, S., Tsolakidis, E.

Hosted by: Vrije Universiteit Brussel & Université Libre de Bruxelles

ISBN 978-90902686-8-2

European College of Sport Science: Book of Abstracts of the 17th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science – 4-7th July ECSS Bruges 2012 – Belgium. Edited by Meeusen, R., Duchateau, J., Roelands, B., Klass, M., De Geus, B., Baudry, S., Tsolakidis, E. ISBN 978-90902686-8-2 Copyright by European College of Sport Science

Conception & DTP: SporTools GmbH – Data management in sports Cover: Stéphane Baudry Corrections: Patera, N., Chassapis D., Tsolakidis, K. Printed by: BlosoVlaamseoverheid

Paul-Niessen-Str. 12, 50969 Cologne, Germany www.SporTools.de

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Organization Congress President Romain Meeusen (BEL) Jacques Duchateau (BEL) ECSS Executive Board President: Sigmund Loland (NOR) Past President: Hans Hoppeler (SUI) President Elect: Marco Narici (GBR) Exchanges and Affiliations: Romain Meeusen (BEL) Journal and Media Relations: Gisela Sjøgaard (DNK) Finances and Partners: Tim Cable (GBR) ECSS Scientific Board Anton Wagenmarkers,Chair (GBR) Flemming Dela, Co-Chair (DEN) Jan Cabri, Secretary (NOR) Peter Bärtsch (GER) Joan Duda (GBR) Paul Greenhaff (GBR) Martin Halle (GER) Jose Antonio Lopez Calbet (ESP) Erich Müller (AUT) Gertrud Pfister (DEN) ECSS Scientific Committee Natalia Balague (ESP) Wilhelm Bloch(GER) Annalisa Cogo(ITA) Nenad Dikic (SRB) Taija Finni(FIN) Daniel Green(GBR) Michael Grey (GBR) Markus Gruber (GER) Jørn Wulff Helge (DEN) Ylva Hellsten(DEN) Luc van Loon (NED) Mike McNamee (GBR) Maria Francesca Piacentini (ITA) Janice L. Thompson (GBR) Nicole Wenderoth (BEL) Local Scientific Committee Jean-Pierre Baeyens (BEL) Stéphane Baudry (BEL) Luk Buyse (BEL) Alain Carpentier (BEL) Erik Cattrysse (BEL) Peter Clarys (BEL) Veerle De Bosscher (BEL) Bas de Geus (BEL) Kristine De Martelaer (BEL) Benedicte Deforche (BEL) Jacques Duchateau (BEL)

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17 ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE H

Véronique Feipel (BEL) Malgorzata Klass (BEL) Romain Meeusen (BEL) Nathalie Pattyn (BEL) Jacques Poortmans (BEL) Steven Provyn (BEL) Bart Roelands (BEL) Mark Theeboom (BEL) Peter Vaes (BEL) Luc Van Loon (NLD) Evert Verhagen (NLD) Paul Wylleman (BEL) Evert Zinzen (BEL) Additional reviewers Dirk Aerenhouts Constantino Balestra Peter Bartsch Nathalie Boisseau Jan Cabri Ariane Caplin Laura Capranica Marc Cloes Wouter Cools Cristina Cortis Gael Deboeck Benedicte Deforche Roger Enoka Vitalie Faoro Veronique Feipel Jean-Francois Grosset Leen Haerens Dominique Hansen Floor Hettinga Jo Van Hoecke Kristel Knaepen Jos De Koning Michel Lamotte Vesa Linnamo Sigmund Loland Mira Meeus Erich Muller Caroline Nicole Jo Nijs Jessica Van Oosterwijck Frank Pauwels Gertrud Pfister Maria Francesca Piacentini Steven Provyn Jan Seghers Filip Struyf Heiko Strueder Antonio Tessitore Jo Verschueren Philip Watson Paul Wylleman

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Organizing Committee Stéphane Baudry (BEL) Bas de Geus (BEL) Kevin De Pauw (BEL) Jacques Duchateau (BEL) Malgorzata Klass (BEL) Romain Meeusen (BEL) Nathalie Pattyn (BEL) Bart Roelands (BEL) Werner Van Cleemputte (BEL) Laurens Wets (BEL)

ECSS Office Thomas Delaveaux (DE) Sarah Köster (DE) Juliane Melber (DE) Steffen Neubert (DE) Elias Tsolakidis (DE) Tobias Vogt (DE)

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Welcome On behalf of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the Free Universities of Brussels, we welcome you to Bruges for the 17th annual congress of the ECSS. The two universities hosting ECSS 2012, Université Libre de Bruxelles and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, have for many years contributed to the development of sport science in Europe. This sustained commitment to sport-related research from Brussels, the site of the European Institutions, led us to choose “Sport Science in the Heart of Europe” as the theme of the 17th congress of the ECSS. The Bruges congress comprises an outstanding scientific programme that emphasizes contemporary knowledge in sport science. The congress will feature 4 plenary sessions and 36 invited symposia on topical issues in the field, the vitaly of which is underscored by the submission of close to 2000 abstracts from approximately 60 countries. After a thorough review and the withdrawal of some abstracts, ~85% of the submitted abstracts have been selected for the final programme. These free communications are distributed among 74 thematic oral and 115 e-poster sessions. A new feature this year is that all posters (1132 abstracts) will be presented in electronic format, which we anticipate will increase interactions among meeting participants. Bruges was chosen as the host city for the congress due to its beauty and its historical role in the development of Europe. In these ancient times, Bruges was one of the European cities in which intellectual, artistic, and trading activities converged and then expanded into Europe and well beyond. This history captures the objective of the College to establish a strong foundation for sport science in Europe and into the world. By combining the cultural heritage and beauty of Bruges with a high-quality scientific programme, we anticipate that the 17th annual congress of the ECSS will be an exceptional professional experience. On behalf of the ECSS and the local organisers, we wish you a productive and enjoyable stay in Bruges.

Prof. R. Meeusen (VUB)

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Prof. J. Duchateau (ULB)

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Table of Contents ORGANIZATION ....................................................................................................................................... 3  WELCOME.................................................................................................................................................7  TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... 9  WEDNESDAY, JULY 4TH, 2012 ................................................................................................................ 18  15:00 - 16:30................................................................................................................................................................................... 18  IS-PM05 Exercise in Extreme Environments: From Space to Antarctica ................................................................................................................ 18  OP-SH01 Sport Management .................................................................................................................................................................................... 19  OP-BN01 Sports Biomechanics 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 21  OP-PM01 Muscle signaling and adaptation ........................................................................................................................................................... 23  OP-PM02 Health and Lifestyle Interventions ........................................................................................................................................................... 25  IS-SH10 A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Exercise for Health (*) .......................................................................................................................................27  IS-BN01 Importance of Feedback in Motor Control and Learning ........................................................................................................................ 29  IS-PM01 JSPFSM Exchange Symposium: Physiological and environmental factors influencing sports performance ..................................... 30  OP-PM03 Neuromuscular Physiology 1 ................................................................................................................................................................... 31  OP-PM04 Brain and Exercise Performance ............................................................................................................................................................ 34  17:00 - 18:30 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 36  PS-PL01 Cycling Economy: From Performance to Business ................................................................................................................................... 36 

THURSDAY, JULY 5TH, 2012 ................................................................................................................... 38  08:00 - 09:30 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38  IS-PM11 Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells ......................................................................................................................................................................... 38  OP-SH02 Sport and Exercise Psychology ................................................................................................................................................................ 39  OP-BN02 Gait and running patterns ........................................................................................................................................................................ 41  OP-PM05 Training and Testing 1.............................................................................................................................................................................. 43  OP-PM06 Skeletal Muscle Physiology ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45  IS-SH03 Winning the Gold Medal War: The Production of Elite Sporting Success ............................................................................................... 48  IS-BN02 The Motor Control of Human Locomotion: the Role of Stretch Reflex in Natural Human Movement ................................................. 49  IS-PM04 Exercise and Testing in Patient Populations (*) sponsored by Xlab.dk ................................................................................................. 50  OP-PM07 Exercise and Cardiac Physiology ............................................................................................................................................................. 51  OP-PM08 High Intensity Training ............................................................................................................................................................................. 53  09:50 - 11:20 ...................................................................................................................................................................................55  IS-PM06 Nutritional Supplementation and Sports: Hopes and Disappointments .............................................................................................. 55  OP-BN03 Motor Learning ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 56  OP-PM09 Measurement and analysis techniques ................................................................................................................................................ 58  OP-PM10 Sports Medicine/Exercise Therapy ........................................................................................................................................................... 61  OP-PM11 Nutrition 1.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63  IS-SH04 Martial Arts from a Multidisciplinary Perspective: Historical, Sociological and Psychological ............................................................ 65  IS-BN03 Neuroplasticity: From Basic Sciences to Sport Performance................................................................................................................... 66 

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OP-BN04 Muscle/Tendon/Bone .............................................................................................................................................................................. 68  OP-PM12 Training & Tapering ...................................................................................................................................................................................70  OP-PM13 Pacing and Perception ..............................................................................................................................................................................73  11:30 - 12:45 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 75  PS-PL02 Performance in the Heat: What Happens in your Head? ........................................................................................................................75  13:45 - 14:45 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 76  PP-BN01 Sport Biomechanics 1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................76  PP-BN02 Motor Learning and Coaching 1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 80  PP-PM01 Sports Medicine 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 84  PP-PM02 Nutrition 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88  PP-PM03 Physical Activity ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 92  PP-PM04 Physiology and Biochemistry ....................................................................................................................................................................97  PP-PM05 Neuromuscular Physiology 1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 100  PP-PM06 Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Health and Fitness ............................................................................................................................... 105  PP-PM07 Training & Testing 1.................................................................................................................................................................................. 109  PP-SH01 Psychology 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 114  PP-PM08 Sports Medicine 2 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 118  PP-BN05 Coaching 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 122  PP-SH03 Sport Management .................................................................................................................................................................................. 125  PP-SH04 Sport Statistics and Analysis 1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 129  PP-PM16 Rehabilitation 1 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 132  PP-PM17 Physiotherapy ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 134  PP-PM18 Nutrition 2 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 137  PP-PM19 Adapted Physical Activity 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 140  PP-PM20 Health & Fitness 1 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 144  PP-PM21 Training & Testing 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 148  14:45 - 15:45 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 151  PP-BN03 Sport Biomechanics 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 151  PP-BN04 Sport Biomechanics 3 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 156  PP-PM09 Physiology 1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 160  PP-PM10 Physiology 2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 165  PP-PM11 Physiology 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 169  PP-PM12 Physiology 4 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 174  PP-PM13 Physiology 5 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 177  PP-PM14 Training & Testing 2 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 181  PP-PM15 Physiology 6 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 185  PP-SH02 Social Sciences and Humanities 1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 189  PP-BN06 Sport Biomechanics 4 : Neuromuscular Aspects .................................................................................................................................. 193  PP-BN07 Coaching 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 196  PP-SH05 Management & Ethics............................................................................................................................................................................. 200  PP-SH06 Physical Education and Pedagogics 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 203  PP-SH07 Sport Psychology ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 207  PP-PM22 Sports Medicine 3 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 210  PP-PM23 Training & Testing 4................................................................................................................................................................................. 214 

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PP-PM24 Training & Testing 5................................................................................................................................................................................. 218  PP-PM25 Health & Fitness: Elderly ......................................................................................................................................................................... 222  PP-PM26 Physiology 7 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 225  16:05 - 17:35................................................................................................................................................................................. 230  IS-PM02 ACSM Exchange Symposium/Pacing : Who Got the Turtle's Running Shoes? ................................................................................... 230  OP-SH03 Management and economics in sports ............................................................................................................................................... 230  OP-PM14 Sports Medicine 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 232  OP-PM15 Health and Fitness 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 234  OP-PM16 Nutrition 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 236  IS-SH02 It's Natural to Play: Promoting Psychomotor Development in Challenging Environments ................................................................ 239  IS-BN05 Musculoskeletal Modelling for Problem Solving in Rehabilitation (*) ................................................................................................... 240  OP-BN05 Sports Biomechanics 2............................................................................................................................................................................ 241  OP-PM17 Training and Testing 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 243  OP-PM18 The Elite Athlete ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 245  17:45 - 19:15 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 246  IS-PM08 Towards an Integrative Approach of Exercise-Induced Fatigue ......................................................................................................... 246  OP-SH04 Sport Psychology 2 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 247  OP-PM19 Training and Testing 3............................................................................................................................................................................ 250  OP-PM20 Health and Fitness: Elderly population ................................................................................................................................................. 251  OP-PM21 Molecular Biology 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 254  IS-SH01 Intervention Development Using Social, Environmental and Psychological Approaches .................................................................. 256  OP-PM22 Training and Testing: Youth population ............................................................................................................................................... 257  IS-PM07 Exercise to Reduce Musculoskeletal Pain (*) .......................................................................................................................................... 259  OP-PM23 Cardiovascular Physiology .................................................................................................................................................................... 260  OP-PM24 Exercise Physiology 2............................................................................................................................................................................. 263 

FRIDAY, JULY 6TH, 2012 ........................................................................................................................266  08:00 - 09:30 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 266  IS-PM13 Evidence Based Physiotherapy (Cardiac Rehabilitation) (*) ................................................................................................................... 266  OP-SH05 Experimental Psychology ....................................................................................................................................................................... 267  OP-PM25 Sport Science .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 269  OP-PM26 Sport Medicine: Experimental Interventions ......................................................................................................................................... 271  OP-PM27 Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine..................................................................................................................................................... 273  IS-SH06 Psychological and Sociological Perspectives on Prevention and Rehabilitation of Sport Injuries ..................................................... 275  IS-BN10 Tendon Plasticity: Neuromechanics and Motor Output ......................................................................................................................... 276  OP-BN06 Biomechanics ..........................................................................................................................................................................................277  OP-PM28 Training and Testing: Elite Athletes....................................................................................................................................................... 279  OP-PM29 Molecular Physiology ............................................................................................................................................................................. 281  09:50 - 11:20 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 283  IS-PM03 Sports Nutrition Symposium: Sports Nutrition offered by Mother Earth sponsored by GSSI ............................................................. 283  OP-SH06 Sociology .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 284  OP-PM30 Health and Fitness: Female population ............................................................................................................................................... 286  OP-PM31 Training and Testing 4............................................................................................................................................................................ 288 

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OP-PM32 Neuromuscular Physiology: Fatigue .................................................................................................................................................... 290  IS-SH05 Social-Psychological Issues in Team Sports ........................................................................................................................................... 292  IS-BN04 Balance Control in Elderly: Fall Risk and Prevention .............................................................................................................................. 293  OP-BN07 Coaching ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 295  OP-PM33 Training and Testing: Pacing Strategies .............................................................................................................................................. 297  OP-PM34 Metabolic Physiology ............................................................................................................................................................................. 299  11:30 - 12:45 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 301  PS-PL03 Olympism & Sport (*).................................................................................................................................................................................. 301  13:45 - 14:45 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 301  PP-PM27 Training & Testing 6: Swimming ............................................................................................................................................................. 301  PP-PM28 Physiology 8 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 306  PP-PM29 Physiology 9 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 310  PP-PM30 Health & Fitness: Children ...................................................................................................................................................................... 314  PP-PM31 Health & Fitness: Disease ........................................................................................................................................................................ 317  PP-PM32 Molecular Biology 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 320  PP-PM33 Neuromuscular Physiology 2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 323  PP-PM34 Training & Testing 7 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 326  PP-PM35 Physiology 10 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 330  PP-PM36 Biochemistry ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 334  PP-BN08 Sport Biomechanics 5 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 338  PP-BN09 Motor Learning and Coaching 2............................................................................................................................................................ 342  PP-SH08 Physical Education and Pedagogics 2 .................................................................................................................................................. 345  PP-SH09 Sociology .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 349  PP-SH10 Psychology 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 352  PP-PM37 Sports Medicine 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 356  PP-PM38 Nutrition 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 359  PP-PM39 Adapted Physical Activity 2 .................................................................................................................................................................... 362  PP-PM40 Nutrition 4 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 366  PP-PM41 Health & Fitness: Sport and supplements............................................................................................................................................. 370  14:45 - 15:45 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 374  PP-PM42 Training & Testing 8................................................................................................................................................................................ 374  PP-PM43 Physiology 11 ............................................................................................................................................................................................377  PP-PM44 Biochemistry, Training & Testing ............................................................................................................................................................ 381  PP-PM45 Health & Fitness: Physical Activity 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 385  PP-PM46 Health & Fitness: Excercise .................................................................................................................................................................... 389  PP-PM47 Molecular Biology 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 392  PP-PM48 Neuromuscular Physiology 3 ................................................................................................................................................................ 395  PP-PM49 Training & Testing 9................................................................................................................................................................................ 399  PP-PM50 Physiology 12 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 404  PP-PM51 Physiology 13 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 408  PP-BN10 Sport Biomechanics 6 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 412  PP-BN11 Motor Learning 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 415  PP-SH11 Psychology 3 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 420  PP-SH12 Sport Statistics and Analysis 2 ................................................................................................................................................................. 424 

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PP-PM52 Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine ...................................................................................................................................................... 428  PP-PM53 Sports Medicine 5 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 432  PP-PM54 Training & Testing 10 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 434  PP-PM55 Health & Fitness: Physical Activity 2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 438  PP-PM56 Training & Testing 11 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 441  PP-PM57 Training & Testing 12 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 445  16:05 - 17:35................................................................................................................................................................................. 449  IS-PM12 Benefits of High Intensity Intermittent Training (HIIT) in Untrained and Diseased People (*).............................................................. 449  OP-SH07 Sport Psychology 3 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 450  OP-PM35 Rehabilitation 1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 452  OP-PM36 Reliability and Validity of testing procedures ...................................................................................................................................... 455  OP-PM37 Muscle Physiology.................................................................................................................................................................................. 457  IS-SH07 Role and Competences of PE Teacher and Coaches ............................................................................................................................ 459  IS-BN08 Biomechanics and Optimizing Performance in Elite Sports.................................................................................................................. 460  OP-BN08 Sports Biomechanics 3............................................................................................................................................................................ 461  OP-PM38 Health and Fitness: Obese population ................................................................................................................................................ 464  OP-PM39 Neuromuscular Physiology 2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 466  17:45 - 19:15 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 468  IS-PM09 Mechanism in Sarcopenia ...................................................................................................................................................................... 468  OP-SH08 Sport Statistics & Analysis....................................................................................................................................................................... 469  OP-PM40 Rehabilitation 2 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 471  OP-PM41 Biochemistry ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 473  OP-PM42 Training and Testing 5 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 475  IS-SH08 Life-Style Sports and Youth Development ............................................................................................................................................... 478  IS-BN06 Biomechanics and Injury Prevention in Elite Sports (*) ........................................................................................................................... 479  OP-SH09 Psychology ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 480  OP-PM43 Health and Fitness: Youth population ................................................................................................................................................... 481  OP-PM44 Exercise Physiology 3............................................................................................................................................................................. 483 

SATURDAY, JULY 7TH, 2012 ................................................................................................................. 486  08:00 - 09:30 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 486  IS-PM10 Protein Turnover and Inactivity ................................................................................................................................................................. 486  OP-SH10 Physical Education and pedagogics 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 487  OP-PM45 Sports Medicine: Game Injuries ........................................................................................................................................................... 489  OP-PM46 Neuromuscular Physiology 3 ................................................................................................................................................................. 491  OP-PM47 Neuroscience.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 493  IS-SH09 The Integrative Role of Sport in Multicultural Societies: From Research to Practice ............................................................................ 496  IS-BN07 Core Stability and Injury in Sports (*) ........................................................................................................................................................ 497  OP-BN09 Sports Biomechanics 4........................................................................................................................................................................... 497  OP-PM48 Health and Fitness 3 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 500  OP-PM49 VO2max and O2 Kinetics ...................................................................................................................................................................... 502  09:50 - 11:20 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 504  IS-PM14 The Athletes Paradox Revisited: Athletic Lessons for Diabetic People (*) ............................................................................................ 504 

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OP-SH11 Physical Education and pedagogics 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 505  OP-PM50 Sports Medicine 3 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 507  OP-PM51 Training, testing and health ................................................................................................................................................................... 509  OP-PM52 Cardiovascular physiology 2 ................................................................................................................................................................. 512  IS-SH11 European Sports Tradition: Towards Unified Concepts and Policies ...................................................................................................... 514  IS-BN09 Neuromechanics of Stretch Shortening Cycle: Application to Sports .................................................................................................... 515  IS-PM15 Exercise in cancer patients (*) ................................................................................................................................................................... 516  OP-PM53 Training and Testing: Fatigue ................................................................................................................................................................ 517  OP-PM54 Physiology: Performance / Hypoxia ..................................................................................................................................................... 520  11:30 - 12:45 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 522  PS-PL04 Sport Science in the Heart of Europe (*) .................................................................................................................................................. 522  13:45 - 14:45 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 522  PP-PM58 Physiology 14 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 522  PP-PM59 Physiology 15 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 526  PP-PM60 Training & Testing 13 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 531  PP-PM61 Health & Fitness: BMI 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 534  PP-PM62 Health & Fitness: BMI 2 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 538  PP-PM63 Neuromuscular physiology 4 ................................................................................................................................................................ 540  PP-PM64 Training & Testing 14 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 544  PP-PM65 Physiology 16 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 548  PP-PM66 Physiology 17 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 551  PP-PM67 Physiology 18 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 555  PP-BN12 Sport Biomechanics 7 : Gait & Balance ................................................................................................................................................. 558  PP-BN13 Motor Learning 2...................................................................................................................................................................................... 562  PP-SH13 Psychology 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 565  PP-SH14 Physical Education and Pedagogics 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 569  PP-SH15 Social Sciences and Humanities 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 572  PP-PM68 Sports Medicine 6 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 575  PP-PM69 Sports Medicine 7 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 578  PP-PM70 Nutrition 5 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 582  PP-PM71 Training & Testing 15 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 586  PP-PM72 Training & Testing 16 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 589  14:45 - 15:45 .................................................................................................................................................................................593  PP-PM73 Physiology 19 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 593  PP-PM74 Physiology 20 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 597  PP-PM75 Training & Testing 17................................................................................................................................................................................ 601  PP-PM76 Health & Fitness 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 605  PP-PM77 Health & Fitness 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 608  PP-PM78 Training & Testing 18 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 612  PP-PM79 Training & Testing 19 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 616  PP-PM80 Physiology 21 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 620  PP-PM81 Physiology 22 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 623  PP-PM82 Physiology 23 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 627  PP-BN14 Sport Biomechanics 8 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 631 

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PP-PM83 Nutrition 5 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 636  PP-SH16 Sport Psychology: Team sports ............................................................................................................................................................... 638  PP-PM84 Physiology 24 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 642  PP-PM85 Sports Medicine 8 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 646 

AUTHORS INDEX .................................................................................................................................. 651 

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IS-PM05 Exercise in Extreme Environments: From Space to Antarctica

Wednesday, July 4th, 2012 15:00 - 16:30 Invited symposia IS-PM05 Exercise in Extreme Environments: From Space to Antarctica 1. NEUROCOGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT THROUGH EXERCISE. CURRENT APPROACHES AND APPLICATIONS Schneider, S. German Sport University Cologne The definition for health raised by the World Health Organization (WHO) includes physical and mental health. Today exercise science holds extensive knowledge about the adaptation of peripheral physiological systems to exercise (e.g. the hormonal, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system). Although the impact of exercise on mental fitness, cognitive performance and overall well-being has been extensively described in the recent decade, comparatively little is know about the underlying neurophysiological processes. This is mainly due to missing imaging possibilities as standardized imaging procedures, as positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are hardly applicable to health-orientated exercise settings. Nevertheless a deeper insight in the underlying neurophysiological parameters of exercise and their implications for neurocognition and emotional well-being are of utterly importance to a holistic understanding on how exercise promotes health. The aim of this lecture is three folded: (1) to give an overview of current theories concerning the relationship between exercise and neuro-cognitive function, (2) to display methodological approaches in the area of exercise neuroscience and (3) to verify this theoretical background with two current studies from extreme environments: Space and school.

MOVE TO SLEEP: HOW PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENHANCES SLEEP EFFICIENCY DURING ANTARCTIC EXPEDITIONS Pattyn, N. Royal Military Academy/Vrije Universiteit Brussel Introduction Sleep complaints are consistently cited as the most prominent problem in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions. Continuous bright light exposure in the summer, and continuous darkness in the winter suggest a fundamental disturbance of circadian sleep-wake regulation in this environment. The present investigation was conducted during two Antarctic summer expeditions, the BELARE (Belgian Antarctic Research Expedition) campaigns 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. We hypothesized that participants with a more intense physical activity would increase their homeostatic sleep pressure, and therefore suffer less from the possible circadian disruption due to the constant daylight conditions. Method 8 subjects were investigated in the first expedition. Actigraphy data were collected for 72 hrs every ten days. Sleep efficiency (sleep time/lying down time) as well as a sleep fragmentation were computed, and related to the magnitude of active energy expenditure. 21 subjects participated during the second campaign. Data were collected every 2 weeks for each subject. These included 48 hrs actigraphy, one night polysomnography, morning and evening Profile of Mood States and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, morning Psychomotor Vigilance Test. Circadian rhythms profiles were determined with a 24 hrs cortisol and melatonine sampling. Results First year data showed poor sleep efficiency and high sleep fragmentation, in concordance with participants’ subjective evaluations. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between sleep efficiency and active energy expenditure (Pearson’s r = 0,63; p = 0,015), as well as a strong relationship between active energy expenditure and sleep fractionation. Second year data results didn’t confirm this relationship (Pearson’s r = 0,21; p = ns). Discussion Results from the first campaign confirmed our hypotheses, namely the lower sleep quality (lower efficiency and higher fragmentation) during the expedition and the relationship between sleep quality and active energy expenditure. Data from the second campaign, despite what was expected to be a stronger methodological set-up, due to the larger sample size, failed to evidence the relationship between sleep efficiency and the intensity of physical activity. Considering the difference in set-up, and the frequent repeated measures on a small number of participants during the first campaign, this shows that the relationship between sleep efficiency and energy expenditure is valid at an intra-individual level, but fails to show at an interindividual level, especially in a population where a wide range of physical activity intensity is present. These findings are discussed in the framework of the existing literature on sleep and exercise, and the argument is being made for the use of exercise as a potential countermeasure in isolated and confined environments..

BRAIN FUNCTION, COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: RECENT INSIGHTS INTO MECHANISMS AND COUNTERMEASURES FROM RESEARCH IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS. Stahn, A. Center for Space Medicine Berlin, Charité University Medicine Berlin ’Because running makes you free.’ (Edison Pena, December 2010) In October 2010 the world held its breath like rarely before when Chilean miners were successfully rescued after being trapped 700 m underground for 69 days, setting a new world record for the longest time survived underground after a mining accident. When the freed miner Edison Pena was asked how he dealt with the stress of being trapped and the constant fear of death he said that he started exercising in the mine. During the last decade there has been an increasing interest in understanding the relationships between exercise, cognition and its neural correlates. In line with the Chilean example data from various extreme environmental conditions indicate that physical activity might play a dominant role in minimizing cognitive impairments. While meta-analytic findings indicate that exercise seems to be beneficial for brain function and cognition, its underlying mechanisms and potential moderators and mediators remain to be determined though. Some of these aspects could be pinpointed by studies under extreme environmental conditions, where human adaptations are accelerated to an extent that can typically only be seen in long-term observation studies or employing very unique experimental conditions. Accordingly, monitoring human performance in

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17 ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE TH

Wednesday, July 4th, 2012

15:00 - 16:30

extreme environments can pave innovative and unique ways in promoting research typically confined to conventional laboratory settings. Recent studies indicate that executive control and decision-making can be affected by long-term bedrest and overwintering in Antarctica, the former providing an excellent control for the impact of physical activity on cognition. Data from real and simulated spaceflight imply that the changes in cognitive function might be related to changes in the autonomic nervous system, and specifically heart rate variability, which might serve as a global indicator of prefrontal cortex excitability. Moreover, it is suggested that stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the feet might be important to reveal the true potential of physical activity on brain function and cognitive performance. Finally, in addition to a lack of physical activity both perceived loneliness as well as sensual deprivation have been shown to be independently related to cognitive function. It is therefore suggested that studying humans exposed to isolation, confinement and environmental conditions can lead to a better insight into some of the potential mechanisms underlying the interaction between physical activity and cognition and promote an integrative model. Such knowledge will help the full range of activity-related cognitive plasticity to be mapped and might be useful in designing future intervention studies for investigating the interaction between physical activity and cognition.

15:00 - 16:30 Oral presentations OP-SH01 Sport Management EUROPEAN GOVERNANCE, ANTI-DOPING AND THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY MacGregor, O. Swansea University The European Convention on Human Rights is an international human rights document, ratification of which is a prerequisite for nation state membership in the Council of Europe. The Convention includes provisions for, among other things, the creation of an international court - the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg - to monitor compliance with the Convention in Council of Europe member states. The Court hears cases brought by individuals claiming a breach of their rights, as enunciated in the Convention, by a member state. (ECHR, sec II) Among the rights of the Convention, article 8.1 establishes a right of individuals to a ’private and family life’. This is understood as a qualified right, which can be defeated by any of a number of legitimately overriding social goods, including, as per article 8.2 of the same convention, the ’protection of public health or morals’. (ECHR, art 8) In elite sports, the whereabouts requirements of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) stipulate that all elite athletes, regardless of their sport, must submit their whereabouts for every day of the year to their relevant anti-doping organization (WADA 2009a, ch 14.3; WADA 2009b, ch 11). Critics have argued, among other things, that the requirements infringe athlete rights to privacy (Møller 2011). WADA, however, views the requirements as a crucial element in the fight against doping in sport, and considers them justified in light of its goal - doping-free sport - and regardless of any further and potentially deleterious effects (Hanstad and Loland, 2009). In this paper, I argue that the contextual differences between various sports indicate that there are stronger justifying reasons to monitor out-of-competition doping rule compliance in certain sports (with higher risk of out-of-competition doping) than in others, and that in some it fails to be sufficiently strong to override athlete privacy rights. In the latter cases, therefore, the whereabouts requirements constitute a breach of an athlete right to privacy, as per the European Convention on Human Rights. This state of affairs recommends a redrafting of WADA’s whereabouts requirements, to better reflect the broad heterogeneity of sports. REFERENCES: Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights, as amended) (ECHR). Hanstad D V, Loland S (2009). Eur J Sport Sci, 9(1), 3-10. Møller V (2011). Int J Sport Pol, 3(2), 177-190. World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) (2009a). World Anti-Doping Code. WADA, Montreal. World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) (2009b). World AntiDoping Code: International Standard for Testing. WADA, Montreal.

A RESOURCE BASED EVALUATION OF COMPETITIVENESS IN ELITE ATHLETICS TRUYENS, J.1, DE BOSSCHER, V.1, HEYNDELS, B.2 Vrije Universiteit Brussel INTRODUCTION The increase in medal-winning capability of countries in international competition is explained by an increasing number of nations taking a more strategic approach to the development of medal-winning elites (De Bosscher, 2007; Green & Oakley, 2001; Houlihan & Green, 2008). Despite the extensive scientific focus on elite development systems, there is a lack of studies on elite sport development at sport specific level (Sotariadou & Shillbury, 2009) that describe and measure specific practices at organisational level. Within economic research, the resource-based theory conceptualises competitiveness starting from the relationship between internal resources and dynamic capabilities of an industry and its performances (Barney, 2001). These internal resources and more especially, the policy dimensions in elite athletics are the focal point of attention. METHODS Based on a resource-based perspective, this paper measures and evaluates policy resources and capabilities leading to a competitive advantage in elite athletics of four different countries (BEL [Flanders and Wallonia], CAN, FIN and NED), based on an athletics policy inventory. This instrument is based on a model referring to 11 different policy areas/pillars in elite athletics development. The model is developed through an inductive-deductive analysis (Patton, 2002) of international literature, surveys (N=13) and in-depth interviews (N=21) with national high performance directors in athletics. Later on, 57 international coaches and high performance directors participated in a written survey to validate the model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A major contribution of this sport specific inventory of policy factors is its organisational scope: specific practices for national governing bodies in the elite development process are measured and evaluated in a functionalistic model for elite development. Although the NGBs lived through the same tendencies like the professionalization and formalisation of development programs, specific dimensions in the policy process strongly differ. While the development process of potential athletes (pillar 4A&B) is stronger developed in Flanders, coach education, career support and training facilities are more profound for elite development in the Finland, Canada and the Netherlands. REFERENCES Barney JB (2001). Acad Manag Rev, 6(1), 41-56. De Bosscher V (2007). Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success. Published doctoral thesis. Brussel: VUBPRESS. Green M, Oakley B (2001). Leisure Stud, 20, 247-267. Houlihan, B, Green M (2008). Comparative elite sport development. Systems structures and public policy. London: Elsevier. Patton MQ (2002). Qualitative research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Sotiriadou K, Shilburry D (2009). Sport Manag Rev, 12(3), 137-148.

BRUGES/ BELGIUM, 4-7 JULY 2012 TH

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OP-SH01 Sport Management PERCEIVED DIFFICULTY TO COMBINE THE SPORT AND ACADEMIC CAREER IN ELITE ATHLETES López de Subijana, C.1, Conde, E.1, Barriopedro, M.I.1, Gallardo, L.2 1 Sport Sciences Faculty- Technical University of Madrid- Madrid-Spain;2-Sport Sciences Faculty- Castilla-LaMancha University- ToledoSpain Introduction As the athletes improve in sport they expend the less time for other fields of life (Heinemann, 1998). The sport career development model showed how many areas of life are influenced when the athlete is playing the role of competing in high performance sport (Wylleman, Alferman & Lavalle, 2004). Spain, in a UE Policies comparison, follows the State Centric Regulation in the education services for elite athletes (Aquilina & Henry, 2010). The aim of this study was to measure the perceived difficulty to combine the sport and academic career in elite athletes. Methods A survey questionnaire was sent to the entire population of 2697 elite athletes in Spain. A Pearson´s chi-square test was done to analyze the relation between variables. The significant level was set at p=0.05. The response rate was 27,8% in Olympic men, 37,3% in Olympic women, 9,3% in non-Olympic men and 11,9% in non-Olympic women. Results and Discussion 840 athletes (23.1 ± 7.4 years-old), 513 men y 327 women answered the questionnaire. Most of the athletes were studying Higher Education (26,9 %), followed by Secondary School (19,3 %) and 18 % did not study any course. Most of the courses taken (74,6%) the athlete had to attend to class. Only some of them (46,5%) ask for help in combining the academic and the sport career. The athletes felt combining these two fields was difficult (41,7%) or moderate (44,8%). Out of all the athletes, 21,1% of them worked, being 48,3% full time and 41,1% part time. The perceived difficulty of studying and training was related with the number of days per week training (Χ2 (18) = 39,8, P=0.001) and also with the type of studies (on-line, mandatory to attend..) (Χ2 (28) =55,1, P=0.002). The most frequent reasons for not studying were: “I don´t have time, the academic timetables are not flexible, the price of the studies is high, I lose the rhythm of the courses, and my actual job situation does not allow me to do so”. Conclusions In conclusion, more efforts should be done by National Government, Regional Governments, Sports Federations and Educational Institutions to guide the elite athletes the in their academic, social and economic affairs. Acknowledge This study was funded by the Spanish Sport Council (022/UPB10/11). References Aquilinia, D., & Henry, I. (2010). Elite athletes and university education in Europe: a review of policy and practice in higher education in the European Union Member States. International Journal of Sport Policy, Vol. 2(1), 25-47. Heinemann, K. (1998).Einführung in die Soziologie des Sports. Hofmann, 4ª Ed. Wylleman, P., Alfermann, D., & Lavallee, D. (2004). Career transitions in sport: European perspectives. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 5(1), 7.

ELITE SPORT CLIMATE, MEASURMENT TWO De Croock, S., De Bosscher, V. Vrije Universiteit Brussel Introduction Talent, ambition and commitment are the core to success but further investment in elite sports is a must in order to compete in the ’Global Sporting Arms Race’. Without a structured policy at different levels thee is a risk to vanish between the Elite sport countries. Therefore, it’s important to evaluate and compare the Elite sport policies. In 2003 the 0-measurement started with the aim to investigate how the elite sport policy in Flanders could be improved in an efficient and effective way. This year the two measurement started. Methods Just as in 2003 and 2007 elite athletes, coaches and federations were surveyed to assess the elite sport climate. Hereby, the climate is charted objectively in nine performance determing factors (De Bosscher et al.,2008). By interviewing various stakeholders, it is possible to obtain more insight in the developments and expectations of the stakeholders. Results 43% of coaches consider the elite sport climate in Flanders to be insufficient. Yet the policy efforts of recent years had its effect because only 7,9% of coaches considers that the elite sport climate has deteriorated compared to 2007. The stakeholders, that were surveyed, have the opinion that the financial input, the coach facilities/developments and the elite sport infrastructure are factors which have the biggest influence on international elite sports success. Also, these are the three factors that, according to the stakeholders, have most need for improvement in Flanders. The Flemish government resources increased continuously and even virtually tripled in the last five years. However, financial resources are no longer a guarantee for success. The elite sport policy has to invest in the various performance determinants. In terms of infrastructure, Flanders has a need for more top sports infrastructure with absolute priority rule for elite athletes. Half of the trainers consider that there are insufficient recognised trainers courses available for elite sport trainers. Also noteworthy is that only some federations have a system to transfer knowledge between coaches. The establishment of a centre of expertise can address this problem. The individual living circumstances of the coaches there is slightly improved compared to 2003 and 2007. Conclusion Despite the necessary adjustments of the elite policy, a lacuna still exist in the elite sport climate in Flanders. Certain deficiencies which were already identified in 2003 and 2007 are still a weakness. The efforts of the Flemish elite policy were mainly done to “catch-up” with things, but there’s still need for extra efforts. References De Bosscher,V., De Knop P. & Van Bottenburg, M. (2008). Vlaanderen sport ook aan de top.

THAT’S THE SPIRIT: THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELITE AND NON-ELITE SPORT Huybers, T., Mazanov, J., Connor, J. University of New South Wales - Canberra Introduction The moral basis for protecting the integrity of sport is defined by the 11 attributes in the World Anti-Doping Code’s Spirit of Sport statement (Mazanov & Connor, 2010). There is no guidance on how the attributes are to be interpreted or whether the list reflects an intentional order. It is also unclear whether the attributes contained in the Spirit of Sport statement reflect the values of elite sport or nonelite sport. The aim of the study reported in this paper was to determine whether what is considered important to the Spirit of Sport varies by elite and non-elite contexts. Methods We used a Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) experiment (Marley and Louviere, 2005) to obtain ratio scores that provide estimates of the relative importance of the 11 attributes listed in the Spirit of Sport statement. Half of the responses of a sample of 154 Australians had been framed in the ‘elite’ context while the other half had received the ‘non-elite’ condition. Results The BWS scores for the aggregate data showed that “Ethics, fair play and honesty” and “Respect for self and other participants” were the most important attributes across contexts. The disaggregated data, divided into non-elite and elite contexts, revealed a low correlation between non-elite and elite scores (R2=0.372). In the non-elite context, the main differences in comparison with the aggregate model were the higher scores and relative ranking of “Fun and joy” and “Respect for self and other participants”, while the main departure in the elite framing was the higher prioritisation of “Dedication and commitment” and “Excellence in performance” and the decline in relative importance of “Fun and joy”. Discussion While “Ethics, fair play and honesty” was perceived to be a key characteristic of elite and non-elite sports, members of the Australian general population perceived other attributes differently in the two contexts. The non-elite sport importance of the role of “Fun and joy” may be due to non-elite sport participation being seen as an end in itself; i.e. being more a “game”

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17 ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE TH

Wednesday, July 4th, 2012

15:00 - 16:30

than “sport” (Suits, 1988). In the elite sport context, the process underlying elite sports production, characterised by attributes such as “Dedication and commitment” and “Respect for rules and laws”, was deemed to be particularly important. The implication is that social research designed to inform sport policy or practice at one level of sport does not necessarily translate to other levels. This has implications for “pyramid” approaches to sports policy, where policy is focused at the top of the pyramid (elite sport) in the expectation of beneficial trickle effects (non-elite sport) (Hogan & Norton, 2000). References Hogan, K, Norton, K (2000). J Sc Med Sp, 3, 203-218. Marley A, Louviere J (2005). J Math Psych, 49, 464–480. Mazanov, J, Connor, J (2010). Int J Sp Pol, 2, 49-63. Suits, B (1988). J Phil Sp, 15, 1-9.

15:00 - 16:30 Oral presentations OP-BN01 Sports Biomechanics 1 EFFECT OF KAYAK ERGOMETER LOADING ON UPPER LIMB RECRUITMENT AND KINEMATICS. Fleming, N., Donne, B., Fletcher, D. Trinity College Dublin Introduction Altered upper limb muscle recruitment patterns were recently reported comparing on-ergometer and on-water kayaking (Fleming et al., 2010, 2012); however, precise mechanisms underlying EMG changes remain to be elucidated. This study assessed the effect of altered ergometer recoil force on upper limb recruitment patterns and kinematics during the kayak stroke via EMG and 3D kinematic analysis. Methods Male flat-water kayakers (n=10, mean ± SD; age 21±3yr, height 1.80±0.06m, body mass 74.6±5.8kg) performed 4 by 1 min on-ergometer exercise bouts at a load equivalent to 85%VO2max at varying elastic recoil tensions ranging from 0% shortened (T1) up to 30% shortened (T4). Trials were randomised to eliminate possible effect of tension order on kinematics or EMG activity. During exercise, surface EMG data (Mega ME6000) were recorded from Anterior Deltoid (AD), Triceps Brachii (TB) and Latissimus Dorsi (LD). In addition, stroke force (instrumented paddle) and 3D kinematic (CODA) data were recorded. EMG data from 10 consecutive stroke cycles in the latter stages of each trial were amplitude processed via root mean squaring and normalised relative to pre-trial isometric MVC. Stroke force and 3D kinematic data recorded from wrist, elbow, shoulder and scapular markers were assessed over the same time frame. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and detected differences quantified using post-hoc Tukey tests (P