Book of abstracts : 14th annual congress of the European College of Sport Science 9788250204201

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14th annual Congress of the

EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE Oslo/Norway, June 24-27, 2009

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Edited by: Loland, S., Bø, K., Fasting, K., Hallén, J., Ommundsen, Y., Roberts, G., Tsolakidis, E.

Hosted by: The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences

ISBN 978-82-502-0420-1

European College of Sport Science: Book of Abstracts of the 14th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Oslo/Norway, June 24-27, 2009. Edited by Loland, S., Bø, K., Fasting, K., Hallén, J., Ommundsen, Y., Roberts, G., Tsolakidis E. ISBN 978-82-502-0420-1 Copyright by European College of Sport Science

Conception & DTP: SporTools GmbH – Data management in sports Cover: Elias Tsolakidis Corrections: Patera, N., Tsianaka, G., Tsolakidis, K. Printed by GAMLEBYEN GRAFISKE AS

Paul-Niessen-Str. 12, 50969 Cologne, Germany www.SporTools.de

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14 ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE TH

Organisation Congress President –

Sigmund Loland, NO

ECSS Executive Board – – – – –

President: Albert Gollhofer, DE President-Elect: Hans Hoppeler, CH Past President: Erich Müller, AU General Secretary: Sigmund Loland, NO Treasurer: Romain Meeusen BE

ECSS Scientific Board – – – – – – –

Chair: Anton Wagenmakers, UK Peter Bärtsch, DE Jan Cabri, PT Flemming Dela, DK Paavo Komi, FI Gertrud Pfister, DK Tom Reilly, UK

ECSS Scientific Committee – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Natalia Balague, SP Daniela Caporossi, IT Hans-Hermann Dickhuth, DE Nenad Dikic, SRB Joan Duda, UK Michael Grey, DK Daniel Green, UK Steve Harridge, UK Werner Helsen, BE Luc van Loon, NL Mike McNamee, UK Caroline Nicol, FR Hermann Schwameder, DE Gisela Sjøgaard, DK Mark Williams, UK

Local Scientific Committee – – – – – – –

Chair: Sigmund Loland, NO Kari Bø, NO Kari Fasting, NO Jostein Hallén, NO Yngvar Ommundsen, NO Glyn C. Roberts, NO Secretary: Karen Christensen, NO

Additional reviewers – – – – – – –

Tor Einar Andersen, NO Sigmund A. Anderssen, NO Jens Boysen-Møller, NO Gunn Engelsrud, NO Ernst Albin Hansen, NO Jørgen Jensen, NO Tron Krosshaug, NO

– – – – – – –

Grethe Myklebust, NO Lars Tore Ronglan, NO Ola Rønsen, NO Truls Raastad, NO Berit Skirstad, NO Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, NO Marit Sørensen, NO

Organizing Committee – – – – – – –

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Chair: Karen Christensen, NO Sigmund Loland, NO Gro Styrmo, NO Øivind Lie, NO Elias Tsolakidis, GR Thomas Delaveaux, DE Tobias Vogt, DE

14 ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE TH

Welcome On behalf of The European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NSSS), I am delighted to welcome you to Oslo for the 14th annual ECSS Congress. The Congress theme is ’Sport Sciences: Nature, Nurture and Culture’. Sport is a complex phenomenon that includes most dimensions of human life. The complete study of human activity in sport must build on a diversity of scientific approaches. The 14th Annual Congress programme feature theoretical, applied and cross-diosciplinary sport studies as well as research findings based on the natural, behavioural, social and human scientific disciplines. The scientific programme is composed of more than 1.400 abstracts which were accepted after careful review by the scientific committee of the ECSS and the local scientific committee of the NSSS. The strong interest in this year’s Congress underlines the growth and increasing significance of the ECSS as an interdisciplinary forum for ongoing debate. The presented abstracts comprise not only all relevant sport science subdisciplines and themes but also all continents and 79 different nations. The abstracts are distributed among four Plenary Sessions, 36 Invited Symposia, 74 Oral Sessions, and four Poster Sessions with more than 870 posters. Oslo is the capital of Norway and is situated at the head of Oslo fjord surrounded by forested ridges. The city is unique, a city surrounding a sea inlet with mountains as a backdrop. Apart from the scientific programme features, I encourage you to enjoy Oslo and take advantage of our social programme with various sight seeing options, exercise and training possibilities and a closing banquet in the beautiful natural surroundings of the NSSS. On behalf of the ECSS and the Oslo team I wish you all a pleasant and productive stay in Oslo! Sigmund Loland

Congress President

OSLO/NORWAY, JUNE 24-27, 2009

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Table of Contents ORGANISATION........................................................................................................................................ 3 WELCOME..................................................................................................................................................5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................ 6 TH

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24 , 2009 ................................................................................................................ 12 PP-PH03 PHYSIOLOGY 3 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................12 PP-PH04 PHYSIOLOGY 4 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................15 PP-PH05 PHYSIOLOGY 5 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................19 PP-PH06 PHYSIOLOGY 6 .............................................................................................................................................................................................23 PP-BM03 BIOMECHANICS 3 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 27 PP-CO02 COACHING 2................................................................................................................................................................................................31 PP-HF04 HEALTH AND FITNESS 4..................................................................................................................................................................................33 PP-HF05 HEALTH AND FITNESS 5.................................................................................................................................................................................. 37 PP-HF06 HEALTH AND FITNESS 6...................................................................................................................................................................................41 PP-HF07 HEALTH AND FITNESS 7 ..................................................................................................................................................................................45 PP-AP02 ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 2 ......................................................................................................................................................................48 PP-SA01 SPORT STATISTICS AND ANALYSES 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................51 PP-SM03 SPORTS MEDICINE 3 .....................................................................................................................................................................................55 PP-SM04 SPORTS MEDICINE 4 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 57 PP-TT06 TRAINING AND TESTING 6 ...............................................................................................................................................................................60 PP-TT03 TRAINING AND TESTING 3 ...............................................................................................................................................................................64 PP-TT04 TRAINING AND TESTING 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 67 PP-TT05 TRAINING AND TESTING 5 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 72 PP-PP03 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS 3...................................................................................................................................................... 76 PP-RE01 REHABILITATION 1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................80 OP-ST03 SPORTS 3 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................83 OP-HF04 HEALTH AND FITNESS 4 .................................................................................................................................................................................86 OP-PS05 PSYCHOLOGY 5 ............................................................................................................................................................................................88 OP-HF03 HEALTH AND FITNESS 3 ..................................................................................................................................................................................91 OP-PP01 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS 1 ......................................................................................................................................................94 IS-SM04 PREVENTION OF SPORT INJURIES (ECSS POSITION STATEMENT SYMPOSIUM).......................................................................................................... 97 IS-BC01 SATELLITE CELLS AND REGULATION OF MUSCLE MASS ............................................................................................................................................98 OP-PH03 PHYSIOLOGY 3........................................................................................................................................................................................... 100 OP-PH05 PHYSIOLOGY 5........................................................................................................................................................................................... 102 OP-BM04 BIOMECHANICS 4...................................................................................................................................................................................... 105 PS-PL01 BORN TO MOVE? PERSPECTIVES FROM EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES .................................................................................... 108 TH

THURSDAY, JUNE 25 , 2009 ................................................................................................................. 109 IS-NU01 NUTRITION AND TRAINING ADAPTATIONS (GSK SYMPOSIUM) ............................................................................................................................ 109 OP-HF06 HEALTH AND FITNESS 6 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 110 OP-SO01 SOCIOLOGY 1............................................................................................................................................................................................... 112 OP-SM01 SPORTS MEDICINE 1..................................................................................................................................................................................... 115

Table of Contents IS-SS03 PERFORMING UNDER PRESSURE IN SPORT........................................................................................................................................................... 118 IS-SM02 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND AGEING ..................................................................................................................................................................... 119 IS-PH01 SKELETAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW REGULATION DURING EXERCISE .......................................................................................................................... 120 IS-BM08 LATERALITY AND ASSYMETRIES IN SPORTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 121 OP-PH07 PHYSIOLOGY 7 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 123 OP-CS01 COMPUTER SCIENCES AND STATISTICS............................................................................................................................................................ 125 OP-NU01 NUTRITION 1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 128 OP-SA01 SPORT STATISTICS & ANALYSES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 131 OP-SO02 SOCIOLOGY 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 133 OP-HF01 HEALTH AND FITNESS 1................................................................................................................................................................................. 136 IS-SS01 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES OF MOTIVATION IN SPORT ............................................................................................................................................. 138 IS-SM06 NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATION IN DISUSE AND AGEING (JSPFSM EXCHANGE SYMPOSIUM) .............................................................................. 140 IS-PH02 HIGH-INTENSITY TRAINING TO ACHIEVE OPTIMAL ADAPTATION? .......................................................................................................................... 141 OP-BC01 BIOCHEMISTRY ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 143 OP-PH13 PHYSIOLOGY 13.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 145 OP-BM01 BIOMECHANICS 1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 148 PS-PL02 PHYSICAL EDUCATION - BILDUNG OR HEALTH PROMOTION? .............................................................................................................................. 151 PP-HF01 HEALTH AND FITNESS 1.................................................................................................................................................................................. 152 PP-HF02 HEALTH AND FITNESS 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 156 PP-HF03 HEALTH AND FITNESS 3................................................................................................................................................................................ 159 PP-HP01 HISTORY/PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS ............................................................................................................................................................... 163 PP-SP01 SPORT MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................................................................. 165 PP-BM01 BIOMECHANICS 1........................................................................................................................................................................................ 168 PP-BM02 BIOMECHANICS 2 .......................................................................................................................................................................................174 PP-AP01 ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 1 .......................................................................................................................................................................179 PP-CO01 COACHING 1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 183 PP-NU01 NUTRITION 1............................................................................................................................................................................................... 185 PP-MB01 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1............................................................................................................................................................................... 189 PP-BM07 BIOMECHANICS 7....................................................................................................................................................................................... 192 PP-BC02 BIOCHEMISTRY 2......................................................................................................................................................................................... 196 PP-TT17 TRAINING AND TESTING 17 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 199 PP-TT18 TRAINING AND TESTING 18.............................................................................................................................................................................203 PP-PS01 PSYCHOLOGY 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................208 PP-PH16 PHYSIOLOGY 16........................................................................................................................................................................................... 213 PP-PH17 PHYSIOLOGY 17 ............................................................................................................................................................................................217 PP-TT01 TRAINING AND TESTING 1 ...............................................................................................................................................................................222 PP-TT02 TRAINING AND TESTING 2 .............................................................................................................................................................................226 PP-PP01 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS 1 .....................................................................................................................................................232 PP-PP02 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS 2....................................................................................................................................................236 PP-SM01 SPORTS MEDICINE 1..................................................................................................................................................................................... 241 PP-SM02 SPORTS MEDICINE 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................244 PP-PH01 PHYSIOLOGY 1.............................................................................................................................................................................................247 PP-PH02 PHYSIOLOGY 2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................252 OP-NU02 NUTRITION 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................................257 OP-PS01 PSYCHOLOGY 1............................................................................................................................................................................................259

OSLO/NORWAY, JUNE 24-27, 2009

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OP-HI01 HISTORY......................................................................................................................................................................................................262 OP-RE01 REHABILITATION 1.........................................................................................................................................................................................265 IS-SS02 RECONCEPTUALISING SPORTS COACHING: A SOCIOLOGICAL ENDEAVOUR? ...........................................................................................................267 IS-SM01 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER CHILDBIRTH ........................................................................................................................268 IS-PH03 CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING...............................................................................................................................................................................269 OP-ST01 SPORTS 1......................................................................................................................................................................................................271 OP-PH15 PHYSIOLOGY 15..........................................................................................................................................................................................274 OP-BM03 BIOMECHANICS 3......................................................................................................................................................................................276 OP-NU03 NUTRITION 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................279 OP-PS02 PSYCHOLOGY 2 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................282 OP-AP01 ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ........................................................................................................................................................................285 OP-PT01 PHYSIOTHERAPY ..........................................................................................................................................................................................287 IS-SS05 SPORT AND CULTURAL IDENTITY .......................................................................................................................................................................290 IS-BC04 GENOMICS AND EXERCISE: SIGNALS AND MECHANISMS OF TRAINING ADAPTATION, A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH (ACSM EXCHANGE SYMPOSIUM)................................................................................................................................................................................. 291 OP-ST07 SPORTS 7....................................................................................................................................................................................................292 OP-TT02 TRAINING & TESTING 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................295 OP-PH16 PHYSIOLOGY 16..........................................................................................................................................................................................297 OP-PH04 PHYSIOLOGY 4...........................................................................................................................................................................................300 TH

FRIDAY, JUNE 26 , 2009 ...................................................................................................................... 304 IS-BM05 COMPLEX SYSTEMS IN SPORT .........................................................................................................................................................................304 OP-PS03 PSYCHOLOGY 3 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................305 OP-CO01 COACHING ................................................................................................................................................................................................308 OP-HF02 HEALTH AND FITNESS 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 310 IS-SS09 FRILUFTSLIV - THE IMPACT OF OUTDOOR EDUCATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ........................................................................................... 313 IS-SM03 EVIDENCE BASED SPORTS PHYSIOTHERAPY: THE DIFFICULTY OF THE RESEARCH PARADIGMS .................................................................................... 315 IS-PH04 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF EAST AND NORTH AFRICAN RUNNERS (EFSMA EXCHANGE SYMPOSIUM) ............................................................................. 316 OP-ST09 SPORTS 9 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 318 OP-PH08 PHYSIOLOGY 8........................................................................................................................................................................................... 321 OP-BM02 BIOMECHANICS 2......................................................................................................................................................................................323 IS-BM01 STRENGTH TRAINING A: HYPERTROPHY ...........................................................................................................................................................326 OP-PS04 PSYCHOLOGY 4 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................327 OP-SP01 SPORT MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................................................................................330 OP-RE03 REHABILITATION 3 .......................................................................................................................................................................................332 IS-SS04 PREVENTING HARASSMENT AND ABUSE IN SPORT...............................................................................................................................................335 IS-SM07 HOW MUCH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR HEALTH BENEFITS IN WOMEN? ....................................................................................................................336 OP-ST08 SPORTS 8 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................337 IS-NU03 NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE FAT OXIDATION ...............................................................................................................................340 OP-PH01 PHYSIOLOGY 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 341 OP-ST05 SPORTS 5 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................344 PS-PL03 SPORT, BODY AND MIND: TOWARDS A NEW UNDERSTANDING? .......................................................................................................................347 PP-PH07 PHYSIOLOGY 7............................................................................................................................................................................................347 PP-PH08 PHYSIOLOGY 8 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 351 PP-PH09 PHYSIOLOGY 9 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................356 PP-PH10 PHYSIOLOGY 10........................................................................................................................................................................................... 361

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14 ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE TH

Table of Contents PP-BM04 BIOMECHANICS 4 ......................................................................................................................................................................................364 PP-BM05 BIOMECHANICS 5 ......................................................................................................................................................................................369 PP-BC01 BIOCHEMISTRY 1 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................373 PP-NU02 NUTRITION 2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................375 PP-MB02 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2 .............................................................................................................................................................................380 PP-HF08 HEALTH AND FITNESS 8................................................................................................................................................................................383 PP-HF09 HEALTH AND FITNESS 9................................................................................................................................................................................388 PP-HF10 HEALTH AND FITNESS 10 ...............................................................................................................................................................................392 PP-HF11 HEALTH AND FITNESS 11.................................................................................................................................................................................397 PP-ML01 MOTOR LEARNING 1..................................................................................................................................................................................... 401 PP-SM06 SPORTS MEDICINE 6 ...................................................................................................................................................................................405 PP-RE02 REHABILITATION 2........................................................................................................................................................................................408 PP-SA02 SPORT STATISTICS AND ANALYSES 2............................................................................................................................................................... 412 PP-PS02 PSYCHOLOGY 2........................................................................................................................................................................................... 415 PP-PS03 PSYCHOLOGY 3........................................................................................................................................................................................... 418 PP-SM05 SPORTS MEDICINE 5 ...................................................................................................................................................................................422 PP-TT07 TRAINING AND TESTING 7..............................................................................................................................................................................425 PP-TT08 TRAINING AND TESTING 8 .............................................................................................................................................................................430 PP-TT09 TRAINING AND TESTING 9 .............................................................................................................................................................................436 PP-TT10 TRAINING AND TESTING 10............................................................................................................................................................................. 441 PP-PP04 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS 4....................................................................................................................................................446 PP-SO01 SOCIOLOGY................................................................................................................................................................................................. 451 IS-SS08 YOUNG PEOPLE, SCHOOL SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION ...............................................................................................................................455 OP-PP02 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS 2...................................................................................................................................................456 OP-SO03 SOCIOLOGY 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................458 OP-RE02 REHABILITATION 2 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 461 IS-SS07 SPORT, SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE ......................................................................................................................................................................464 IS-SS11 HOW CAN WE CHANGE THE EXERCISE BEHAVIOUR IN THE POPULATION? (ECSS POSITION STATEMENT SYMPOSIUM) ...................................................466 IS-BC02 MOLECULAR MECHANISM CONTROLLING MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS AND FUNCTION ........................................................................................467 IS-NU02 NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO INCREASE MUSCLE MASS ......................................................................................................................................468 OP-PH02 PHYSIOLOGY 2...........................................................................................................................................................................................469 OP-PH10 PHYSIOLOGY 10..........................................................................................................................................................................................472 IS-BM03 ADAPTATION IN TENDONS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES IN RESPONSE TO LOADING ..................................................................................................474 OP-PI01 PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS ..............................................................................................................................................................................475 OP-SO04 SOCIOLOGY 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................................478 OP-RE04 REHABILITATION 4 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 481 IS-SS06 THE ETHICS OF ENHANCEMENT IN SPORT AND EXERCISE .....................................................................................................................................483 OP-HF07 HEALTH AND FITNESS 7................................................................................................................................................................................484 IS-BC03 THE ROLE OF THE INFLAMMATION PROCESS IN EXERCISED MUSCLES .....................................................................................................................487 OP-ST02 SPORTS 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................489 OP-TT01 TRAINING & TESTING 1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................492 OP-PH11 PHYSIOLOGY 11 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................494 TH

SATURDAY, JUNE 27 , 2009 ................................................................................................................ 498 OP-ST06 SPORTS 6 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................498

OSLO/NORWAY, JUNE 24-27, 2009

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OP-MB01 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1 ..............................................................................................................................................................................500 OP-PH12 PHYSIOLOGY 12..........................................................................................................................................................................................503 OP-HF05 HEALTH AND FITNESS 5 ...............................................................................................................................................................................505 OP-PP03 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS 3...................................................................................................................................................508 OP-SM02 SPORTS MEDICINE 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 511 OP-PH06 PHYSIOLOGY 6........................................................................................................................................................................................... 513 IS-BM09 BONE AND EXERCISE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 516 IS-BM02 STRENGTH TRAINING B: NEUROMUSCULAR MECHANISMS ................................................................................................................................ 516 IS-BM07 CYCLING ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 518 IS-BM06 BIOMECHANICS IN ALPINE SKIING .................................................................................................................................................................. 519 OP-MB02 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2............................................................................................................................................................................. 521 OP-PH14 PHYSIOLOGY 14..........................................................................................................................................................................................523 OP-SM03 SPORTS MEDICINE 3 ..................................................................................................................................................................................526 OP-PP04 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS 4...................................................................................................................................................529 OP-SM04 SPORTS MEDICINE 4 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 531 OP-PH09 PHYSIOLOGY 9...........................................................................................................................................................................................533 OP-PH17 PHYSIOLOGY 17 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................536 IS-SS10 PHYSICAL EDUCATION, OBESITY AND HEALTH - CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ................................................................................................................539 OP-ST04 SPORTS 4 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................540 PS-PL04 SPORT AND THE ENVIRONMENT: TOWARDS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND MOVEMENT CULTURE .........................................................................543 PP-PH11 PHYSIOLOGY 11 ............................................................................................................................................................................................544 PP-PH12 PHYSIOLOGY 12...........................................................................................................................................................................................548 PP-PH13 PHYSIOLOGY 13...........................................................................................................................................................................................552 PP-PH14 PHYSIOLOGY 14...........................................................................................................................................................................................555 PP-PH15 PHYSIOLOGY 15...........................................................................................................................................................................................558 PP-NU03 NUTRITION 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 561 PP-CO03 COACHING 3.............................................................................................................................................................................................564 PP-BM06 BIOMECHANICS 6 ......................................................................................................................................................................................569 PP-PH18 PHYSIOLOGY 18...........................................................................................................................................................................................573 PP-ML02 MOTOR LEARNING 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................576 PP-HF12 HEALTH AND FITNESS 12 ...............................................................................................................................................................................580 PP-HF13 HEALTH AND FITNESS 13 ...............................................................................................................................................................................584 PP-HF14 HEALTH AND FITNESS 14 ...............................................................................................................................................................................587 PP-SM07 SPORTS MEDICINE 7.................................................................................................................................................................................... 591 PP-SM08 SPORTS MEDICINE 8 ...................................................................................................................................................................................595 PP-SA03 SPORT STATISTICS AND ANALYSES 3...............................................................................................................................................................599 PP-TT19 TRAINING AND TESTING 19.............................................................................................................................................................................602 PP-TT11 TRAINING AND TESTING 11 ..............................................................................................................................................................................607 PP-TT12 TRAINING AND TESTING 12.............................................................................................................................................................................. 611 PP-TT13 TRAINING AND TESTING 13............................................................................................................................................................................. 615 PP-TT14 TRAINING AND TESTING 14.............................................................................................................................................................................620 PP-TT15 TRAINING AND TESTING 15.............................................................................................................................................................................624 PP-TT16 TRAINING AND TESTING 16.............................................................................................................................................................................628 PP-PS04 PSYCHOLOGY 4...........................................................................................................................................................................................632 PP-PP05 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGICS 5....................................................................................................................................................634

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14 ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE TH

Table of Contents

AUTHORS INDEX .................................................................................................................................. 640

OSLO/NORWAY, JUNE 24-27, 2009

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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 13:00 - 14:00 Poster presentations PP-PH03 Physiology 3 THE EFFECT OF EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE ON IGA AND TNF Α NAMENI, F., GAIENII, A.A. AZAD ISLAMIK UNIVERSITY ,VARAMIN Introduction: In vivo depletion of lymphocyte subsets allows investigation of the role of specific subsets in protective immunity. Immune cells are potent intracellular that regulate inflammation and immune response . The others have shown that exercise causes changes in specific types of immune components .The changes depend on duration and intensity of exercise . This study examined the effect of exhausting exercise on the IgA and TNFα . Method: 20 recreational active women , volunteered for this study . Who were normal healthy , with no positive clinical finding . After having the procedures fully explained to them written information consent . Height (162.81±3.982 cm ) ,weight ( 56.11± 5.79 kg ) , BMI ( 21.74± 1.99 kg/h2 ) , and body fat ( 23.12±.57 % ) of them measured , later subjects performed exhaustive exercise . Protocol exercise was an incremental treadmill( Bruce protocol ) . Blood sampling were obtained before and after exercise and were drawn from an anticubital vein with subjects in the seated position . Paired t -test were used to determine before versus after exercise differences , α was set at 0/05. Data are presented as mean ± ME of the mean . Results: The concentration of IgA increased and were significant , but TNFα concentration ,not changed ( P ≤ 0 / 05). Discussion: The effect of exhaustive exercise on subjects was significant that may be transient and related with intensity and duration. The results suggest that the exhaustive exercise induced changes in lymphocyte subsets but may not induced suppression immune function . References Gleesen , M., (2007), J. Appl. Physiol., doi: 10. 1152. Pedersen, B.K., Toft, A.D., (2000), Br. J. Sports Med., 34:246-251. Shaukat , A., Ullah, F., Jan, R., (2003), J. Ayub. Med. Coll Abbottabad, 15( 1). Woods, J. A., ( 2005), Brain, Behavior,Immunity, 19 ,369-370.

THE ALTERATION OF SOME IMMUNE SYSTEM FACTORS AFTER SIXTEEN SESSIONS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE POURVAGHAR, M.J., SHAHSAVAR, A.R. 1. UNIVERSITY OF KASHAN, 2. ISLAMI AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN GHARB The aim of this research was to examine the effects of regular running during 16 sessions on alteration in serum immunoglobulins including IgA, IgG and IgM. To this end, 12 male students participated in this semi-experimental research. The obtained average and standard deviations of factors such as age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) are as follows: (22.1 ± 1.60), (175.2 ± 3.55), (70.51 ± 3.6) and (22.4 ± 2.1). The subjects were trained according to a running plan with a certain heart rate during 16 sessions. To determine the amount of serum immunoglobulins, the participants’ blood samples were taken once before the first running session and a second time the day after the last training session. Also, a 12-minute running-walking test was performed to determine the Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2 Max). In this study, the mean of the subjects’ exercise time was 18.30 minutes and it seems that this time can not affect the immune system and its function. Also, the time allocated to training regarding the response from serum immunoglobulins is a determining factor in a way that the concentration alteration of serum immunoglobulins after 2 hours of pedaling was measured in an article. Another issue is the frequency of exercise sessions per week. The researches leading to a change in immunoglobulins result from more exercise sessions per week and even during one competition season. References 1.Karacabey K, Saygin O, Ozmerdivenli R, Zorba E, Godekmerdan A, Bulut V. (2005) The effects of exercise on the immune system and stress hormones in sportswomen. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 26(4):361-6. 2.MacKinnon LT, Jenkins DG, (1993) Decreased salivary immunoglobulins after intense interval exercise before and after training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 25(6):678-83.

LYMPHOCYTES APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY MARATHON RACE IN ATHLETES CURY-BOAVENTURA, M.F., ALVES, S.R., MARQUES, C.C., CONEGLIAN, V.S., LEVADA-PIRES, A.C., PITHON-CURI, T.C., CURI, R. INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORTS, CRUZEIRO DO SUL UNIVERSITY Introduction: Physiological Stress induced by marathon race is able to promote transient changes on immune function. Post-exhaustive exercise of immunosuppression is characterized by a decrease in number of leukocytes, suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity, and lymphocyte proliferation. Recent studies have been suggested that the role of leukocyte death on immunossupression is induced by exercise. Objective: Lymphocyte function and death, after a race was investigated. Methods: Nine athletes (training 170 + 15 km/wk, body fat, 6,5 + 1,7 %, race time 2h 46 + 11 min; IMC: 21,5 + 0,4) and eight non-athletes volunteers were recruited. Athletes blood samples were collected (3-7 days before, on rest) and immediately after the marathon race (42,195 km, Curitiba, Brazil). Non-athlete’s blood samples were collected on rest periods. Lymphocytes were isolated by density gradient, using Histopaque-1077 and studied immediately after

Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 isolation, or after 18h ConA stimulation. The following determinations were carried out: lymphocyte proliferation, parameters of lymphocyte death (viability, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization) and TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL10 production. Results: Marathon race had no effect on lymphocyte proliferation, viability and mitochondrial membrane polarization, but increased phosphatidylserine externalization (35 %) and reduced by 70 % TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-10 production, compared with athletes before race and non-athletes volunteers. Conclusion: Marathon race induced lymphocytes death in athletes volunteers predominantly by apoptosis, and reduced pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. These facts may contribute to the hypothesis that endurance exercise induce immunosuppression and raise incidence of upper tract respiratory infection in athletes.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SALIVALRY AND SERUM CORTISOL CONCENTRATION AFTER ONE SESSION SEVER ENDURANCE AND RESISTANCE ACTIVITY IN WOMEN PARIAD, M., HASANLOUI, H., GOLI VARJOEI, M. 1. ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY, 2. CENTER FOR SENSORY-MOTOR INTRACTION,DEPARTMENT OF HELTH SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AALBORG UNIVERSITY ,AALBORG, DENMARK Introduction: Measuring of stroeidal hormone which play an important role in metabolism regulating,specially during physical activities,has been remarkable for the researchers.a good correlation has been reported between amounts of salivarly and serum cortisol in exercise and clinical situation.but the results showed that there are some conflicts between salivarly and serum cortisol correlation.so,if we abtain a significant relation between salivarly and serum cotisol after strength and endurance training,we can abtain a better understanding of the hormone responces to physical activities.therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between salivary and serum cortisol concentration after resistance and endurance exercise protocol. Metods: Twenty subjects (23.03±1.5yr,weight 63.88±5.88,height 168.69±6.63 kg)randomly divided into two group.endurance group participate in endurance protocol(Bruce test) and resistance group participate in resistance protocol(3 exercise,5sets×10 repetitions at 70%1RM with 3 min rest between sets).samples of salivary and serum cortisol were collected befor and immediately after both exercise protocol,and were measured using the spetial RADIM kits.data obtained from the assessing of the samples were analyzed using the statistical T-test and Pierson correlation ( R). P≤0.05 was considered as the significant level. Results: The result of this study showed that salivary and serum cortisol concentration increased in two group following both exercise protocol.and the rate of increases in salivary cortisol in both group was more than in serum cortisol concentration.and there is significant correlation between salivary and serum cortisol concentration in both group. Discussion: We found a significant correlation between saliva and serum cortisol concentration after both exercise protocole,so this would suggest that salivary cortisol concentration might be a more suitable variable for assessing glucocorticoid activity in exercise than serum cortisol concentration,probably being less sensitive to pre-exercise emotional state. References Kraemer, RR., Aceredoe. O, Dze walto Wski. D, Kilgore. JL, Kraemer. GR, Gastracane. VD. (1991). Effects of Low Volume Resistive Exercise on Beta Endrophin and Cortisol Concentrations. Int. J. Sports. Med. 17(1):12 Dimitriou, L., Sharp. NCC. Doherty. M. (2002). Circadian Effect on the Acute Responses of Salivary Cortiaol and IgA in Well Trained Swimmers. Br. J. Sports Med. 36(4):260-264. Jaffre, LG., Benhamou. L, Courteix. D. (2002). Effects of Chronic Intensive Training on Androgenic and Cortisol Profiles in Premerarchal Female Gymnasts. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 87(1):85-89

THE EFFECTS OF 2-DAYS REPEATED COMPETITIVE STRESS ON SALIVA IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A RESPONSES IN TRAINED MALE ATHLETES LAING, S., JACKSON, A.R., DJEDOVIC, N., CARDINALE, M. OLYMPIC MEDICAL INSTITUTE A decrease in the salivary concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been implicated as a possible causal factor in the increased susceptibility of athletes to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of two days of competitive biathlon roller-ski racing upon s-IgA concentration and secretion rate, and salivary cortisol and testosterone concentrations. Five male athletes (mean ± SEM; age 25 ± 1 years; height 177 ± 2 cm; body mass 74 ± 2 kg; body fat 10 ± 1 %; VO2max 59 ± 2 ml.kg1.min-1) volunteered to participate in this study. All athletes were members of the British national team. None of the athletes was taking medications and/or reported symptoms of infections in the 4 weeks prior to the study . On two consecutive days separated by 20 hours, athletes completed 2 biathlon roller ski races consisting or roller skiing and rifle shooting. Race 1 was a 9.3 km SPRINT race characterised by 3 x 3.1 km roller ski loops on an undulating course with 2 x rifle shooting (one lying in a prone position and one from a standing position). Race 2 was a 13 km PURSUIT race characterised by 5 x 2.6 km roller ski loops on an undulating course with 4 x rifle shooting (two lying in a prone position and two from a standing position). During rifle shooting athletes were required to hit five targets positioned at a distance of 50 meters. For every target missed athletes were required to complete a 200 meter penalty loop. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected pre- and post- SPRINT and PURSUIT races. Saliva was collected for 3 ± 0.25 minutes by the athlete leaning forward and passively drooling into pre-weighed polypropylene tubes with minimal orofacial movements The s-IgA, cortisol and testosterone concentrations were determined using sandwich-type ELISAs. Saliva IgA secretion rate was determined by multiplying the s-IgA concentration by saliva flow rate. Saliva flow rate increased post-SPRINT (P < 0.01) and post-PURSUIT (P < 0.05) races. Saliva IgA concentration decreased by 53 % following the SPRINT race (P