Bioeconomy for Beginners 9783662603895, 9783662603901, 3662603896

Table of contents :
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Contributors
1: Introduction
1.1 The Replacement of the Original Bioeconomy
1.2 The Ambivalence of the Anthropocene
1.3 The Baseline Conditions of a Knowledge-Based Bioeconomy
1.4 Starting Points for National Bioeconomic Strategies
References
2: The Origin of Biomass
2.1 Biomass from Agriculture
2.1.1 Basic Principles of Plant Production
2.1.1.1 Yield Formation and Quality
2.1.1.2 Soil and Nutrients
2.1.1.3 Temperature
2.1.1.4 Water
2.1.1.5 Radiation
2.1.1.6 Farm Management
2.1.1.7 Climate Zones and Focus on Global Agricultural Production
2.1.2 Basic Principles of Livestock Production
2.1.2.1 Extensive and Intensive Livestock Systems
2.1.2.2 Feeds
2.1.2.3 Feed Use Efficiency
2.1.3 Characterization of Agricultural Production Systems
2.1.3.1 Agro-Ecological Zones
2.1.3.2 Types of Agricultural Farming Systems
2.1.3.3 Regional Characteristics
2.1.4 Material Flows and Biomass Yields
2.1.4.1 Forms of Agricultural Biomass Use
2.1.4.2 Components of Agricultural Biomass
2.1.4.3 Crop Yields
2.1.4.4 Biomass Supply and Demand
2.1.5 Potentials for Increasing Biomass Production
2.1.5.1 Definitions of Terms
2.1.5.2 Determinants and Magnitude of Estimated Global Potentials
2.2 Biomass from Forestry
2.2.1 The Importance of Wood as a Raw Material
2.2.2 Forest Sites as a Production Base
2.2.2.1 Focus on Soil Fertility
2.2.2.2 Consequences of Climate Change
2.2.2.3 Wood Consumption and Forest Loss
2.2.3 Forest Use and Forest Management Systems
2.2.3.1 Integration or Segregation?
2.2.3.2 Close to Nature or Far from Nature?
2.2.4 Possibilities to Increase Wood Production
2.2.4.1 Development of New Cultivation Areas
2.2.4.2 Intensification of Use
2.2.4.3 Intensification of Production
2.2.5 Strategies for the Rational Use of Wood
2.3 Biomass from Fisheries and Aquaculture
2.3.1 The Importance of Aquatic Organisms
2.3.2 The Fishing Industry
2.3.3 Aquaculture
2.3.3.1 Intensities of Aquaculture Production
2.3.3.2 Integrated Aquaculture Systems
2.4 Biomass from Waste Management
2.4.1 Legal Basis
2.4.2 Generation and Composition of Municipal Waste
2.4.3 Generation of Residual Material
2.4.4 Forestry (Residual) Biomass
2.4.5 Biowaste Treatment Plants
References
3: Food Security and Healthy Nutrition in the Context of the Bioeconomy
3.1 Forms and Consequences of Malnutrition
3.1.1 Malnutrition
3.1.2 Insufficient Supply of Micronutrients and Vitamins
3.1.3 Obesity
3.2 Supply of Food and Food Losses
3.2.1 Food Production
3.2.2 Animal Feed, Efficiency of the Use of Resources and Meat Consumption
3.2.3 Biomass and Food Losses
3.3 Food Insecurity – A Multi-Faceted Syndrome
References
4: The Use of Biomass for the Production of Fuel and Chemicals
4.1 The Current Raw Material Base of the Chemical Industry
4.2 On the Road to Bio-Based Value Chains
4.2.1 The Chemical Classification of Renewable Raw Materials
4.2.2 Platform Chemicals from Fossil and Renewable Raw Materials
4.3 How Biorefineries Work
4.3.1 Sugar Biorefinery
4.3.2 Starch Biorefinery
4.3.3 Vegetable Oil Biorefinery
4.3.4 Lignocellulosic Biorefinery
4.3.5 Green Biorefinery
4.3.6 Synthesis Gas Biorefinery
4.3.7 Biorefinery Concepts Based on Algae
References
5: The Importance of Biotechnology for the Bioeconomy
5.1 Biotechnology as a Production Process
5.1.1 Microorganisms
5.1.2 Enzymes
5.1.3 Plants
5.1.4 Animals
5.2 The Perspectives of Synthetic Biology
5.2.1 BioBricks
5.2.2 Design and Construction of Synthetic Biosynthesis Pathways
5.2.3 Synthetic Microcompartments
5.2.4 Synthetic Genomes
5.2.5 New Genetic Tools
References
6: The Bioeconomy from the Point of View of Innovation Economics
6.1 The Discontinuity of Progress
6.2 Limits to Growth?
6.3 Innovation Systems and Knowledge
6.4 Innovation in Knowledge-Based Societies
6.5 The Economics of Change
6.6 Transformation as a Political Priority
References
7: Bioeconomy as a Circular and Integrated System
7.1 The Emergence of New Value Chains
7.1.1 Substitutive Convergence
7.1.2 Complementary Convergence
7.1.3 New Interconnectedness
7.2 Conditions for the Creation of Bioeconomy Value Chains
7.2.1 Social Requirements and Political Framework Conditions
7.2.2 Market and Products
7.2.3 Supply Chains and Logistics
7.2.4 Technological Complexity
7.3 Perspectives of Bioeconomic Value Chains
7.3.1 Established Value Chains
7.3.2 Emerging Value Chains
7.3.3 Future Value Chains
References
8: Criteria for the Success of the Bioeconomy
8.1 Resolving Conflicts Among Sustainability Goals and the Relevance of Eco-innovations
8.2 Competitiveness
8.2.1 A Theoretical Perspective on the Competitive Advantages of the Bioeconomy
8.2.2 The Status Quo: The Established Fossil-Based Economy
8.2.3 Challenges and Requirements for a Competitive Bio-economy
8.2.3.1 Logistics
8.2.3.2 Availability of Biomass
8.2.3.3 Production Costs
8.2.3.4 Product Quality Requirements
8.2.3.5 Prioritisation of Bio-based Products
8.2.3.6 Diversity and Efficiency of Raw Materials
8.2.3.7 Land Use, Biodiversity and Environmental Protection
8.3 Customer and Consumer Acceptance
8.3.1 Foundations of the Acceptance and Adoption of Innovations
8.3.2 Factors Influencing Consumer Acceptance
8.3.2.1 Product Attributes
8.3.2.2 Perceived Risks and Perceived Benefits
8.3.2.3 Trust
8.3.3 Determinants of Technology Adoption
References
9: The Conditions of a Sustainable Bioeconomy
9.1 Goals of Sustainable Development
9.2 Food Security
9.3 Land Resources
9.4 Water Resources
9.5 Biodiversity
9.6 Resource Efficiency
9.7 Climate Impact and Greenhouse Gases
9.8 Rural Development
9.9 Conflicting Goals
9.10 Good Global Governance
References
10: Bioeconomy: Key to Unlimited Economic and Consumption Growth?
10.1 Unlimited Growth in a Limited World?
10.2 Strategies for Sustainable Development
10.3 Green Growth or Farewell to Growth?
10.4 Bioeconomy and Ecomodernism
10.5 Hostility to or Alliance with Nature?
10.6 A Learning Process on the Concept of Sustainability
References
Index