Atlas of Pediatric and Neonatal ICU EEG [1 ed.] 0826148662, 9780826148667

Table of contents :
Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Video List
Chapter 1: Basics of EEG Monitoring in Pediatric Critical Care
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Basic Principles of EEG Relevant to the ICU
Choice of Montage
Principles of EEG Localization
Visual Analysis of the EEG
EEG in Encephalopathy and Coma
EEG Review and Reporting in the ICU
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 2: Encephalopathy, Coma Patterns, and Other Abnormalities of the EEG Background in Critically III Children
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Encephalopathy
Coma Patterns
EEG Monitoring in the Detection of Cerebral Ischemia, Increased Intracranial Pressure, and Hepatic Encephalopathy
Brain Death
Commonly Observed Medication Effects
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 3: Periodic and Rhythmic Patterns in the Pediatric ICU
Learning Objectives
Introduction
American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Standardized Critical Care EEG Nomenclature
Interrater Reliability
Significance of Periodic and Rhythmic Patterns in Children
Introduction to the Ictal-Interictal Continuum
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 4: Seizures in Critically III Children
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Definition of Electrographic Seizure and Electrographic Status Epilepticus
Guidelines and Consensus Statements
Seizure Prevalence in Critically III Children
Recommended Duration of EEG Monitoring in Critically III Children
Impact of Seizures on Outcome
Electrographic Seizure Patterns in the Intensive Care Unit
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 5: Convulsive and Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Critically III Children
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Population Impact of Status Epilepticus
Pathophysiology
Pre-ICU Management of Status Epilepticus
Intensive Care Unit Management
Etiologic Evaluation
Towards an Evidence-Based Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus
Onset of Convulsive and Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in the Critically III Child
EEG Findings in Status Epilepticus
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 6: Neonatal EEG
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Neonatal EEG Recording Techniques
Visual Analysis of the Neonatal EEG
Abnormal Patterns
Effects of Medications on the Neonatal EEG Background
Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia on the Neonatal EEG Background
Neonatal EEG Reporting
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 7: Brief Rhythmic Discharges, Seizures, and Mimics in Critically III Neonates
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Sharp Waves and Brief Rhythmic Discharges
Neonatal Seizures
Neonatal Status Epilepticus
Rhythmic and Periodic Patterns of Uncertain Significance
Artifacts That Mimic Seizure
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 8: Amplitude-Integrated EEG in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Role and Utility of aEEG in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Introduction to Basic Principles of aEEG
Indications for Use
Background
aEEG in the Preterm Infant
Seizures
Prediction of Outcome Based on Background Features
Medication Effects
Artifacts
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 9: Quantitative EEG in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Basic Principles of qEEG
Quantitative EEG Trends
Artifacts
Clinical Applications of qEEG Trends
Conclusion
Disclaimer
Figures
References
Chapter 10: Pathognomonic EEG Patterns in Critically III Children and Neonates
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Inborn Errors of Metabolism as a Paradigm for the Importance of EEG Pattern Recognition
Introduction to EEG Patterns as Diagnostic Markers
EEG Patterns in Metabolic Disorders and Early Infantile Epilepsies
Seizure Semiology as a Diagnostic Marker
EEG Background and Seizure Patterns in Epileptic Encephalopathy
Background EEG and Seizure Patterns in Autoimmune/Inflammatory Disorders
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 11: Multimodal Monitoring and the Ictal-Interictal Continuum
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Multimodality Monitoring
Electroencephalography
Noninvasive Monitoring Techniques
Invasive Monitoring Techniques
Continuous EEG Monitoring
The Ictal-Interictal Continuum (IIC)
MMM to Determine Factors Requiring Treatment
Conclusion
Figures
References
Chapter 12: Commonly Encountered EEG Artifacts in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Differentiating Artifact From Electrocerebral Activity
Physiologic Artifacts
Nonphysiologic Artifacts
Conclusion
Figures
Suggested Reading
Chapter 13: Cases
Case 13.1 Cardiac Arrest With Posthypoxic Myoclonus
Case 13.2 Late-Onset Seizures After Cardiac Arrest
Case 13.3 Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus and Traumatic Brain Injury
Case 13.4 Febrile Infection–Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES)
Case 13.5 Periodic Discharges in Neonates
Case 13.6 Severe Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Case 13.7 Delayed Seizures in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Case 13.8 Arterial Ischemic Stroke in a Neonate
Case 13.9 Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate Deficiency
Case 13.10 Epilepsy of Infancy With Migrating Focal Seizures and Quantitative EEG
Case 13.11 Status Epilepticus and POLG-1
Case 13.12 Ictal-Interictal Continuum in the Pediatric ICU
Case 13.13 Excessive Vagal Response Mimicking Seizure in a Critically III Infant
Chapter 14: Templates and Treatment Algorithms
Neuromonitoring Neonatal Intensive Care Unit cEEG Report
Neuromonitoring Pediatric Intensive Care Unit cEEG Report
Index