Applicative Chemistry of Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes 9781608057443

Table of contents :
Cover
Applicative Chemistry of Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes
Copyright
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Conflict of Interest
1. Understanding of Leather Tanning
Abstract
Brief History
Leather Tanning, the Art of Processing a Biopolymer – the Collagen
Definition
The Mechanism of Collagen Crosslinking Using Various Tanning Agents
Vegetable/Synthetic Tanned Leathers
Mineral Tanned Leathers
Other Tanning Methods
Oil Tanning
Tanning/Retanning
Using Chromium in Leather Tanning
Basic Chromium Salts, oLo and oxo Compounds
Chromium-Collagen Compounds
Practical Aspects
Masking with Acetate
Masking with Phthalates
2. Chromium in the Leather Industry and its Environmental Implications
Abstract
The Environment and the Use of Chromium Salts in Leather Tanning
Methods of Fixing-Exhausting Chromium from Wastewaters
Partially Replacing Chromium with Another Tanning Material
Direct Recirculation of Wastewaters
Recycling Basic Chromium Salts from Wastewaters
Using the Wet-White Tanning Process
3. Synthesis and Use of Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes
Absrtact
Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes
4. Theory and Experimentation of Synthesis Reactions of Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes
Abstract
Theoretical Synthesis Reactions of Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes
Basic Chromium Complexes
Basic Chromium-Aluminium Heterocomplexes
Basic Chromium-Iron Heterocomplexes
Basic Chromium-Aluminium-Iron Heterocomplexes
Basic Chromium-Zirconium Heterocomplexes
Basic Chromium-Aluminium-Zirconium Heterocomplexes
Basic Chromium-Iron-Zirconium Heterocomplexes
Synthesis of Heterocomplexes Based on Chromium, Aluminium, Iron or Zirconium
Synthesis of Chromium-Iron Heterocomplexes
Synthesis of Chromium-Iron-Zirconium Heterocomplexes
Pilot Scale Synthesis of Chromium-Iron Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes
Pilot Scale Synthesis of Chromium-Aluminum-Iron Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes
Pilot Scale Synthesis of Chromium-Iron-Zirconium Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes
5. Structural Analysis of Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes and Testing their Tann
Abstract
Structural Characteristics of Tanning Metallic Heterocomplexes
Near Infrared Spectroscopy (200-400 cm-1)
Reflection Spectroscopy
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX)
Analyses on Metal Heterocomplex Solutions
Determining the Electric Charge of Tanning Solution Components
Separating Components from the Chromium-Iron Tanning Solution. Chemical and Spectral Analysis of Components
Separating Components from the Chromium-Aluminum-Iron Tanning Solution. Chemical and Spectral Analysis of Components
Separating Components from the Chromium-Iron-Zirconium Tanning Solution. Chemical and Spectral Analysis of Components
References
Index
A
B
C
E
I
G
H
L
M
O
P
R
S
T
V
Z