Руководство по основным методам проведения анализа в программе Ansys
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ANSYS. ANSYS ANSYS ANSYS FLOTRAN
1
ANSYS. : 1. 1.1. 1.2.
ANSYS. ANSYS. 1.2.1.
. 1.2.1.1. 1.2.1.2. 1.2.1.3.
. . .
1.2.2. 1.2.3.
. . 1.2.3.1.
.
1.2.4.
. 1.2.4.1. 1.2.4.2. 1.2.4.3. 1.2.4.4. 1.2.4.4.1. 1.2.4.4.2. 1.2.4.4.3. 1.2.4.4.4. 1.2.4.4.5. 1.2.4.4.6. 1.2.4.4.7. 1.2.4.4.8. 1.2.4.5. 1.2.4.6. 1.2.4.7. . 1.2.4.8. ( 1.2.4.9.
. . . . . . . : : :
. . . –
. .
. / )
. .
1.2.5. 1.2.6.
. . 1.2.6.1. 1.2.6.2. 1.2.6.3. 1.2.6.4.
. . . .
1.2.7.
.
2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6.
? ,
. . . .
2.6.1. 2.6.2. 2.6.3. 2.6.4.
:
. :
.
. . 2
2.6.5.
.
2.6.5.1. 2.6.5.2. 2.6.5.3. 2.6.6. ( 2.6.6.1. 2.6.6.2. 2.6.6.3. 2.6.7. 2.6.7.1. 2.6.7.2. 2.6.7.3. 2.6.7.4. 2.6.7.5. 2.6.7.6.
. . . ). . . . . . . . . .
2.6.8.
. 2.6.8.1. 2.6.8.2. 2.6.8.3. 2.6.8.4. 2.6.8.5. 2.6.8.6. 2.6.8.7. 2.6.8.8.
. . ,
.
. . . . , .
2.6.9. 2.6.10. 2.6.11.
. . . 2.6.11.1.
.
2.6.12. 2.6.13.
. . 2.6.13.1. 2.6.13.2. 2.6.13.3. 2.6.13.4.
. ANSYS ,
2.6.14.
ISTRESS , ,
(
2.6.14.1. 2.6.14.2. 2.6.14.3. 2.6.14.4.
ISWRITE TABLE).
. . . .
2.6.15.
. 2.6.15.1. Function Editor 2.6.15.2. Function Loader 2.6.15.3. . 2.6.15.4. .
2.7.
. 2.7.1.
. 2.7.1.1. 2.7.1.2. 2.7.1.3.
Solution Controls Time . 3
2.7.1.4. 2.7.1.5. 2.7.1.6.
. . .
2.7.2. . 2.7.3. . 2.7.4. , 2.7.5. Biot-Savart. 2.7.6. Spectrum Options
.
2.8. 2.9.
. . 2.9.1. 2.9.2. 2.9.3. 2.9.4.
PSMESH EINTF PSMESH ( 2.9.4.1. 2.9.4.2. 2.9.4.3. 2.9.4.4. 2.9.4.5. 2.9.4.6. 2.9.4.7. 2.9.4.8. 2.9.4.9. 2.9.4.10.
GUI)
. . . . . :
. :
.
:
. : .
2.9.4.11.
ANSYS
4
ANSYS 1. 1.1. 1.2.
. . ANSYS 1.2.1. 1.2.2. 1.2.3.
1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5.
. . . . . . GUI
. . . . .
, . . 2.5.1.
.
2.6.
. 2.6.1. 2.6.2.
. . 2.6.2.1. 2.6.2.2. 2.6.2.3. 2.6.2.4. 2.6.2.5.
(TEMP) (HEAT) (CONV) (HFLUX) (HGEN)
2.6.3. 2.6.4. 2.6.5. 2.6.6.
. . . . 2.6.6.1.
2.6.7. 2.6.8. 2.6.9. 2.6.10. 2.6.11. 2.6.12. 2.6.13.
. . . . . . . .
2.7.
( 2.7.1. 2.7.2. 2.7.3.
).
. . .
2.8.
( 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9:
,
) .
. . . . . . . . 5
10: 11: 12: 13: 14: 15: 16: 17: 18: 19: 20:
AREMOTE . )
(
. .
-
. . . . . AREMOTE. ,
. 21: . 22: 23: 24: 25: 26:
. . ANSYS
2.9. 2.9.1. 2.9.2.
. . 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8:
3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5.
. . -
. . . . .
. . . ,
. .
. . 3.5.1. 3.5.2.
. . 3.5.2.1. 3.5.2.2.
. .
3.5.3.
. 3.5.3.1. 3.5.3.2.
. .
3.5.4. 3.5.5.
. .
3.6.
. 3.6.1.
.
3.7.
. 3.7.1. 3.7.2. 3.7.3.
. . . 6
3.8.
. 3.8.1. 3.8.2. 3.8.3.
. . .
3.9. 3.10.
. 3.10.1. 3.10.2. 3.10.3. 3.10.4.
3.11. 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6.
. . .
GUI
. .
. ? . . LINK31. . . 4.6.1.
. 4.6.1.1. 4.6.1.2. 4.6.1.3.
. . .
4.6.2.
. 4.6.2.1. 4.6.2.2.
. .
4.6.3.
AUX12 .
4.7.
. 4.7.1.
. 4.7.1.1. 4.7.1.2. 4.7.1.3. 4.7.1.4. 4.7.1.5.
. . . . .
4.8. ( 4.8.1. 4.8.2.
).
. .
7
ANSYS/FLOTRAN 1.
2.
FLOTRAN CFD 1.1. FLOTRAN CFD 1.2. FLOTRAN 1.2.1. 1.2.2. 1.2.3. 1.2.4. 1.2.5. 1.2.6. 1.3. GUI FLOTRAN 2.1. , FLOTRAN 2.1.1. FLUID141 2.1.1.1 . 2.1.1.2 2.1.1.3 . 2.1.1.4 . 2.1.1.5 2.1.1.6 2.1.1.7 2.1.1.8 . 2.1.2. FLUID142 2.1.2.1 . 2.1.2.2 2.1.2.3 . 2.1.2.4 . 2.1.2.5 2.1.2.6 2.1.2.7 2.1.2.8 . 2.1.3. 2.2. FLOTRAN : 2.2.1. 2.3. FLOTRAN 2.3.1. 2.3.2. 2.3.3. 2.3.4. 2.3.5. FLOTRAN 2.3.6. 2.3.7. 2.4. , FLOTRAN 2.4.1. 2.4.2. (Jobname.PFL) 2.4.3. 2.4.4. 2.4.5. 2.4.6. FLOTRAN
FLUID141 FLUID141
FLUID142 FLUID142
FLOTRAN
8
2.5. 2.5.1. 2.5.2. 2.5.3. 2.5.4. 2.5.5. 2.5.6.
. .
2.6.
FLOTRAN 2.6.1. 2.6.2. 2.6.3.
FLOTRAN FLOTRAN
2.7. 2.8. 3.
FLOTRAN 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5.
.
3.5.1. 3.5.2. 3.5.3. 3.5.4. 3.5.5. 3.5.6.
k-e
( ) Zero Equation (ZeroEq) Re-Normalized Group (RNG) k- ( Shih (NKE) Girimaji (GIR) Shih, Zhu, Lumley (SZL)
3.6. 3.7. 3.8. 4. FLOTRAN 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.4.1. 4.4.1.1. 4.4.1.2. 4.4.1.3.
GUI
4.5. 4.5.1. 4.5.2. 4.5.3. 4.5.4.
, ,
, ,
4.6. 4.7.
– 4.7.1. 4.7.1.1. 4.7.1.2. 4.7.1.3. 4.7.1.4.
4.8.
Radiosity .
. . ,
4.8.1. 4.8.2.
,
.
. FLOTRAN
, (
GUI). 9
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 11: 12: 13: 14:
. . . ,
/
,
.
. . . . . . . . .
15: . 4.8.3.
.
4.9. ( 4.10.
FLOTRAN ). FLOTRAN
5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3.
.
6. 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.5.1. 6.6. 6.6.1. 6.6.1.1. 6.6.1.2.
. .
6.7.
( 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 11: 12: 13:
. . . . . –
.
. . . . .
6.8. 7.
)
(
).
FLOTRAN 10
7.1. 7.2. 7.2.1. 7.2.2. 7.2.3. 7.2.4. 7.2.4.1. 7.2.4.2.
. .
7.2.5. 7.2.6. 7.2.7. 7.2.8. 7.2.9.
.
7.3. 7.3.1. 7.4. 7.5. 7.6. 7.6.1. 7.6.2. 7.6.3.
Power Law Carreau Bingham
7.7. 8. FLOTRAN 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. / 9. FLOTRAN CFD 9.1. ? 9.2. Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm 9.3. 9.3.1. Preconditioned Generalized Minimum Residual (PGMR) 9.3.2. Preconditioned BiCGStab (PBCGM). 9.4. . 10. . 10.1. . 10.2. . 10.2.1. . 10.2.2. 10.2.3. . 10.3. 11. 11.1. 11.2. 11.2.1. 11.2.2. 11.2.3. 11.3. 11.3.1. . 11.3.2. 11.3.3. 11.3.4. 11
11.3.5. 11.3.6. 11.4. 11.5.
,
12. 12.1. 12.2. 12.3.
SUPG
COLG
12
ANSYS : 1.
. 1.1. 1.2.
. . 1.2.1.
. 1.2.1.1. 1.2.1.2.
. -
1.2.2. 1.2.3. 1.3. 1.4.
.
. . . GUI
. .
2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.
. . . 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.4.3.
. . -
.
2.5. . 2.5.1. 2.5.2.
. .
2.6.
. 2.6.1. 2.6.2.
. -
2.7.
– 2.7.1.
2.8. 2.9.
.
,
.
. –
,
.
-
,
2.9.1. 2.9.2. 2.9.3.
.
.
2.10. 2.10.1. 2.10.2. 2.11.
2.11.1. 2.11.2.
2.12.
. . (
2.12.1. 2.12.2.
3.
). ,
FSSOLV
. (
)
. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4.
. . . 3.4.1.
. 13
3.4.2. 3.4.3. 3.4.4. 3.4.5. 3.5. 3.6.
. . . . . ( ).
3.6.1. 3.6.2. 3.6.3. 3.6.4.
. . .
3.7.
( ) 3.7.1. 3.7.2. 3.7.3. 3.7.4.
14
ANSYS. 1.
ANSYS
1.1.
ANSYS. ANSYS
, .
ANSYS . . ANSYS 1. 2. 3.
:
. . .
1.2.
. , .
.
,
PREP7,
,
,
.
1.2.1.
. .
1.2.1.1.
. , , ,
ANSYS,
. ,
(
,
.db).
. ,
FILE
.
file,
,
,
: • •
ANSYS. ANSYS Operations Guide. ANSYS
:
: /FILNAME
15
GUI: Utility Menu> File> Change Jobname
.
/FILNAME ,
ANSYS. /FILNAME .
, Jobname.LOG, Key /FILNAME
( , /FILNAME,
Jobname.ERR)
.
,
. 1.2.1.2.
. /TITLE (Utility Menu> File> Change Title),
. ANSYS . ,
/STITLE. . 1.2.1.3.
. ANSYS
. , ,
(
).
-
(MEMS), System of Units (
, ANSYS
)
Coupled-Field Analysis Guide (
ANSYS). ANSYS,
/UNITS, . ;
.
1.2.2.
. ANSYS
150
.
, BEAM4, PLANE77, SOLID96, BEAM
MESH
CIRCUit
PIPE
COMBINation
PLANE
CONTACt
PRETS (
FLUID
SHELL
HF (
)
:
.
:
)
SOLID
HYPERelastic
SOURCe
INFINite
SURFace 16
INTERface
TARGEt
LINK
TRANSducer
MASS
USER
MATRIX
VISCOelastic (
)
: •
( ,
•
–
,
,
,
). .
, BEAM4
(UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, ROTY,
ROTZ),
, . PLANE77
(TEMP), ,
. PREP7 (ET, ETCHG,
ET GUI; Reference (
. ) ANSYS Commands
ANSYS).
, BEAM4 1
2
. , SHELL63,
.
ET,1,BEAM4 ET,2,SHELL63
. , , TYPE (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Elem Attributes). , KEYOPT(2), SHELL63 ET
).
, KEYOPT(9)
KEYOPT (KEYOPT(1), BEAM4
, KEYOPT(3) . KEYOPT KEYOPT (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete).
1.2.3.
. beam
(HEIGHT),
R GUI;
, , BEAM3 ( (AREA), (SHEARZ), (ADDMAS). . :
, . (R, RMODIF,
, beam ) (IZZ), (ISTRN),
) ANSYS Commands 17
Reference (
ANSYS).
, , .
,
, REAL (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Elem
Attributes). , • •
R , Reference (
: , Table 4.n.1 ANSYS).
ANSYS Elements
,
, REAL
( ANSYS
.
) , .
.
•
RLIST and ELIST,
RKEY = 1 (
). RLIST . ,
ELIST,,,,,1
. : ELIST GUI: Utility Menu> List> Elements> Attributes + RealConst Utility Menu> List> Elements> Attributes Only Utility Menu> List> Elements> Nodes + Attributes Utility Menu> List> Elements> Nodes + Attr + RealConst : RLIST GUI: Utility Menu> List> Properties> All Real Constants Utility Menu> List> Properties> Specified Real Const •
, (
,
),
, (
/ESHAPE
,
):
EPLOT
GUI: Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Style> Size and Shape Utility Menu> Plot> Elements
18
ANSYS link shell
, pipe
.
. 1.2.3.1.
.
If you are building a model using BEAM44, BEAM188, or BEAM189, you can use the section commands (SECTYPE, SECDATA, etc.) or their GUI path equivalents to define and use cross sections in your models. See Beam Analysis and Cross Sections in the ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide for information on how to use the BeamTool to create cross sections. , BEAM44, BEAM188, BEAM189, (SECTYPE, SECDATA, ) GUI . BeamTool Beam Analysis and Cross Sections ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide ( ANSYS).
1.2.4.
. . ,
. , . . (
,
). ANSYS
. ,
,
MAT. 1.2.4.1.
. , .
(
)
:
: MP GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models ; , KXX, KYY, KZZ
, EX, EY, EZ
,
. X;
, MP,EX,1,2E11 MP,DENS,1,7800 MP,KXX,1,43
,
X.
! ! !
1
2E11 7800 43
1
Y X),
,
:
Z( , 19
. (GXY) 1.0.
,
(NUXY) 0.3, EX/2(1+NUXY)), ANSYS Elements Reference (
ANSYS). , .
GUI
, ,
,
,
10 .
.
,
ANSYS
.
MP MPTEMP ,
, MPTGEN.
MPTEMP MP
MPDATA. .
, ,
,
: = C0 + C1T + C2T2 + C3T3 + C4T4 Cn
. C0, C1, C2, C3, C4. ; C0 C1, .
MP,
, C0, ,
,
, (
-
) MPTEMP
. MPTGEN
MP .
MPTEMP MPDATA
MPDATA. MPTEMP (
MPTGEN) .
, 4:
MPTEMP,1,1600,1800,2000,2325,2326,2335 ! 6 (temps 1-6) MPTEMP,7,2345,2355,2365,2374,2375,3000 ! 6 temps (temps 7-12) MPDATA,ENTH,4,1,53.81,61.23,68.83,81.51,81.55,82.31 ! MPDATA,ENTH,4,7,84.48,89.53,99.05,112.12,113.00,137.40 !
, ANSYS
,
. ,
, ( MPTGEN). .
MPPLOT MPLIST
MPTEMP (
) MPTEMP
. 20
MPPLOT
: •
, , .
,
MPDATA , 82.31
83.09,
MPDATA,ENTH,4,6,83.09
•
, : MPTEMP MPDRES . , 2345
•
2340,
: MPTEMP,7,2340 MPDRES,ENTH,4
! !
7, ENTH 4
-
. -
MPDRES ,
, . , .
,
MPDRES MPDRES
, .
. MPTRES . .
ALPZ),
,
, (
(ALPX, ALPY, ) 21
,
( TREF),
MP,REFT .
MPAMOD
ANSYS . ( )
. ,
CDWRITE,MAT .
. (ANSYS
Emag,
ANSYS
ANSYS
CDWRITE Professional,
), CDWRITE .
Jobname.CDB,
,
, Jobname.CDB.
1.2.4.2.
. , ,
. TB. B-H
TB,BH,2
,
2. TBPT.
B-H
:
TBPT,DEFI,150,.21 TBPT,DEFI,300,.55 TBPT,DEFI,460,.80 TBPT,DEFI,640,.95 TBPT,DEFI,720,1.0 TBPT,DEFI,890,1.1 TBPT,DEFI,1020,1.15 TBPT,DEFI,1280,1.25 TBPT,DEFI,1900,1.4
,
TBPLOT
TBLIST.
TBPLOT
22
1.2.4.3.
.
,
( ,
-
). : SOLID64, PLANE13, SOLID5
SOLID98.
.
,
( Lab = ANEL) TBDATA. TBLIST. Elements Reference.
TB ,
Data Tables - Implicit Analysis
1.2.4.4.
ANSYS
.
ANSYS
,
,
. . CFD 1.2.4.4.1.
ANSYS FLDATA.
, .
Main Define
Menu>Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models. Material Model Behavior (
), .
.
23
1.2.4.4.2.
. Material
Models
Available
( (
,
) ,
,
).
ANSYS LS-DYNA, LS-DYNA. ,
.
,
. .
24
,
Structural
,
Linear, Nonlinear
.
, (
,
, : Bilinear, Multilinear,
Mises Plasticity
Nonlinear).
,
, .
,
. 1.2.4.4.3.
. , . .
: . ,
. ,
. (
, ).
,
,
.
(
).
, ,
. . . 25
,
,
,
Add Temperature ( ,
).
. –
.
. ,
.
, , Temperature.
Add , .
You can delete a temperature column by positioning the text cursor in any field within the column, and clicking on the Delete Temperature button. , Delete Temperature. .
.
. , Add Row (
, ,
Add Point). –
.
26
,
.
, Add Row (
Add Point).
,
. Delete Row
(
Delete Point). /
. ,
).
(
,
. .
,
. ,
.
. ,
, .
/
,
,
Ctrl-c
, ,
Ctrl-v.
, , .
Shift ,
,
Ctrl.
27
•
Add Temperature: .
•
,
Delete Temperature: .
,
• •
. Add Row (or Add Point): . . Delete Row (or Delete Point): Graph:
•
OK:
•
, ,
. ANSYS.
Graph
OK. ANSYS Material Models Defined ( Material Model Number # ( , , ). .
.
• •
, .
) ), #=1 Material ID ( Cancel: Help:
.
1.
OK
Cancel.
Enter
. ,
,
, . ,
. A Dialog Box and Its Components ANSYS Operations Guide. . , Structural, Nonlinear, Inelastic )
( (
/
) (
,
). . ,
OK
. ,
, . , .
OK ,
1.2.4.4.4. Material Models Defined ( Behavior) , 1),
Define Material Model . OK Material Model Number # ( . , Material >New 28
Model,
Define Material ID. (
),
. 1.2.4.4.5.
:
.
. , .
,
Voce law,
. 1.
ANSYS Preprocesso >Material Props>Material Models. Define Material Model Behavior. 2. Material Models Available : Structural, Linear, Elastic, Isotropic. . 3. (EX PRXY ). OK. Material Model Number 1 Material Models Defined. 4. Material Models Available Nonlinear, Inelastic, Rate Independent, Isotropic Hardening Plasticity, Mises Plasticity, Nonlinear. , , . , . ANSYS , . , ( ), . 5. Add Temperature. . 6. Temperature T1. 7. . 8. Temperature T2. 9. . , ,
Temperature Add Temperature.
.
, ,
10.
1.2.4.4.6.
OK. Material Model Number 1. :
T2, .
Add Row. .
,
.
29
,
,
.
, Material Models Defined. : ; . , . 1. 2.
: .
Nonlinear Isotropic. OK. .
. : 1.
Define Material Model Behavior : 1 Material number, 2 Material number. OK. Material Models Defined Material Model Number 2. Material Model Number 2, Material Model Number 1. 2. Nonlinear Isotropic Material Model Number 2. . 3. Temperature Add Temperature. T3. 4. . 5. OK. . Nonlinear Isotropic Material Model Number 2, . Edit >Copy,
1.2.4.4.7.
:
. ,
. , .
Chaboche. ,
ANSYS
. 1.
ANSYS GUI: Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models. Define Material Model Behavior. 2. Material Models Available : Structural, Linear, Elastic, Isotropic. . 3. Enter values for material properties, as required (EX for elastic modulus, and PRXY for Poisson's ratio). Click on OK. Material Model Number 1 and Linear Isotropic appear in the Material Models Defined window. (EX , PRXY ). 30
4.
Material Models Available, : Nonlinear, Inelastic, Rate Independent, Combined Kinematic and Isotropic Hardening Plasticity, Mises Plasticity. 5. Chaboche and Nonlinear Isotropic. Chaboche. 6. Chaboche ( Help ). 7. Chaboche . , Add Row, . 8. Chaboche, . 9. OK. . 10. , ( Help ). 11. OK. . Material Model Number 1 : Linear Isotropic, Chaboche, and Nonlinear Isotropic. 1.2.4.4.8.
–
. :
•
, Material Models Defined Define Material Model Behavior.
• •
ANSYS. TB,MOONEY *MOONEY.
1.2.4.5.
. .
ANSYS , (
). ANSYS . : •
, , .
, :
, . , , , , ANSYS, . /MPLIB (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Library> Library Path), ANSYS
•
31
. •
ANSYS
, . .
, ,
, STEELCST.SI_MPL.
•
. (
,
), .
MPREAD,
. MPWRITE ANSYS).
/MPLIB, ANSYS Elements Reference (
1.2.4.6.
. ANSYS. ,
. .
,
,
,
ANSYS, .
1.2.4.7.
/ ,
. ,
: : /MPLIB,R-W_opt,PATH GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Library> Library Path
. ,
ANSYS,
/ansys70/matlib/. R-W_opt,
)
STAT .
1.2.4.8.
(
READ ( , PATH, )
), WRITE ( . .
,
, :
1.
, /UNITS.
,
, /UNITS,SI.
32
2.
MP (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Isotropic). .
3.
PREP7
:
MPWRITE,Filename,,,LIB,MAT
, . MPWRITE (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Library> Export Library).
Filename
MAT ( /MPLIB (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Library> Library Path), ANSYS ). MPWRITE
. •
,
MPWRITE. JOBNAME.
•
.xxx_MPL,
,
xxx
. .CGS_MPL.
CGS, .USER_MPL (
)
, .
1.2.4.9.
. ANSYS, :
1.
/UNITS .
ANSYS
SI.
2.
, : : MAT GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Elem Attributes
ANSYS .
33
3.
, : : MPREAD,Filename,,,LIB GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Library> Import Library .
LIB
, ,
,
/MPLIB ANSYS /ansys70/matlib. .
1.2.5.
LIB,
. –
–
. .
: . ,
ANSYS “
” ).
( .
,
“
”
. ,
, .
34
, –
, , ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide.
1.2.6.
,
. ,
SOLUTION
,
, .
PREP7.
1.2.6.1.
. . ,
, . ,
ANSYS ,
: ,
,
,
. .
,
. ANSYS
, . .
,
:
Newton-Raphson.
ANTYPE (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Analysis Type> New Analysis or Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Analysis Type> Restart). TRNOPT, HROPT, MODOPT, SSTIF, NROPT, . GUI ANSYS Elements Reference. (full transient) (Solution Controls)
,
. ,
. .
( ,
),
.
) (
,
. . . . ,
(
,
,
)
. ANTYPE,TRANS TRNOPT,FULL NLGEOM,ON
35
. ,
.
1.2.6.2.
. ,
ANSYS
(
,
,
) .
ANSYS,
,
:
• • • • • •
DOF (
).
. . . . . ( ,
)
(
,
).
,
.
. .
,
. .
. .
. ANSYS (
)
.
,
, . .
1.2.6.3.
. ( )
, . .
1.2.6.4.
. : : SOLVE 36
GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS Main Menu> Solution> solution_method ,
.
ANSYS
. (Jobname.RST, Jobname.RTH, Jobname.RMG, , , ( )
Jobname.RFL)
. :
: LSSOLVE GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Solve> From LS Files
1.2.7.
. ANSYS : POST1
(
POST26.
POST1, , ) /POST1 (Main Menu> General Postproc), . , . POST1 , , . POST26,
POST26 ( POST26 .
.
.
POST1
, ,
, ( ). /POST26 (Main Menu> TimeHist Postpro), . ), POST1
.
POST26 .
37
2.
.
2.1.
. . . .
ANSYS
, .
2.2.
? ANSYS . :
,
:
,
,
,
,
,
),
,
,
: :
(
,
: Э
:
,
,
,
,
,
,
: DOF ,
,
(
),
,
. •
DOF (DOF).
38
, .
•
–
,
.
:
, .
•
–
,
:
.
, . –
•
.
:
,
,
•
.
–
(
)
,
,
,
. .
•
–
, .
,
, . ,
2.3.
.
,
.
–
,
.
, –
, ,
.
, .
ANSYS
, ,
, .
,
: : ESEL GUI: Utility Menu> Select> Entities , –
,
. .
39
.
:
•
, .
•
, ( ).
•
,
.
.
, (
),
. ,
,
,
.
,
.
• •
5 - 10 ,
. ,
, ,
15
25
. .
40
2.4.
. ANSYS
“
. ”
, “
”
,
,
,
.
, .
,
, , (
. .
TIME) :
: TIME GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time and Substps Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time - Time Step Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Sol'n Control ( : Basic Tab) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time and Substps Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time - Time Step Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time and Substps Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time /Frequenc> Time - Time Step ,
,
. , time = 2.0 . ,
. ,
.
,
100 41
, ,
,
100
,
. ,
,
,
.
,
, .
method)
, ,
.
(arc-length
,
(
,
). ALLF
(
,
) .
“
”
. , .
, .
.
, .
2.5.
. , ,
•
.
, , ( ).
•
, , (b).
,
KBC (Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Sol'n Control: Transient Tab, Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Freq & Substeps / Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time and Substps / Main Menu> Solution> Load 42
Step Opts > Time/Frequenc> Time & Time Step, or Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Freq & Substeps / Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time and Substps / Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time & Time Step) ( ). KBC,0 , , KBC,1 . . –
,
,
,
,
,
. (
),
,
.
2.6.
. (
,
(
).
.
) ,
,
(
)
.
,
,
,
.
,
, .
2.6.1.
:
.
•
. .
, .
•
, . ,
•
.
,
, .
, .
•
. , ( ,
•
,
). .
. , .
43
,
,
: •
. D,,,UX's
•
. •
, DL,,,UX .
, SFADELE,,,PRES . (DL,,,SYMM, DL,,,ASYM, DA,,,SYMM, , ,
SFE,,,PRES's DA,,,ASYM) ,
2.6.2.
:
, .
.
: •
, .
•
. . :
•
.
•
, .
–
,
,
,
,
– .
2.6.3. , ANSYS. (
ANSYS,
UX, ROTZ, AY, . ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide.
) ,
,
,
,
. ,
. ANSYS
,
UX, UY, UZ ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ 44
ANSYS TEMP, TBOT, TE2, . . . TTOP AX, AY, AZ MAG VOLT VX, VY, VZ PRES ENKE ENDS
D, DLIST, DDELE
DSYM, DSCALE, DCUM
DK, DKLIST, DKDELE
-
DL, DLLIST, DLDELE
-
DA, DALIST, DADELE
-
SBCTRAN
DTRAN GUI,
. GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Nodes Utility Menu> List> Loads> DOF Constraints> On All Keypoints (or On Picked KPs) Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Lines GUI
,
ANSYS Commands Reference.
2.6.4.
. DSYM .
. ANSYS Commands Reference. ,
KCN
DSYM. .
DL
DA
, . DL
DA
,
,
FLOTRAN. . 45
. (POST1), , ,
POST1
.
, , . POST1 SET (Utility Menu> List> Results> Load Step Summary) : *** 1,
*** , .
POST1
.
.
2.6.5.
. , ,
, :
: DTRAN 46
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> Constraints Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> Constraints , : : SBCTRAN GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> All Solid Lds Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> All Solid Lds 2.6.5.1.
. , .
, , DCUM (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs. Add> Constraints). : NSEL,... D,ALL,VX,40 D,ALL,VX,50 DCUM,ADD D,ALL,VX,25 DCUM,IGNORE D,ALL,VX,1325 DCUM
! ! VX = 40 ! VX 50 ( ! ! VX = 50+25 = 75 ! ! VX ! DCUM
NSEL, D,
)
! (
)
ANSYS Commands Reference.
DCUM ,
DCUM DCUM.
, 2.6.5.2.
DCUM
. .
: : DSCALE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Constraints Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Constraints
47
DSCALE DCUM DOF (
).
DOF
: : DOFSEL GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Constraints (or Forces) Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs. Add> Constraints (or Forces) Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Constraints (or Forces) Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs. Add> Constraints (or Forces) ,
VX, :
DOFSEL,S,VX DSCALE,0.5 DOFSEL,ALL
! ! !
VX VX DOF
0.5
(TEMP)
,
DSCALE
TBASE
(
|TEMP-TBASE|) .
. DSCALE
2.6.5.3.
. , DK, DL,
DA
,
ANSYS
.
:
48
•
(
)
,
•
DL DL
•
(
•
/
DL. DK. )
,
•
DA DA. DA .
DL DA
,
, .
DK ANSYS
,
,
:
1.
,
, (
DA ). 2.
, SYMM
,
ASYM DA
( ).
3.
,
,
(
DL ). 4.
, SYMM
,
ASYM DL
( ).
5.
,
DK
. , DL
DL
DK , ,
DA.
, ,
, .
.
. , : *** WARNING *** DOF constraint ROTZ from line 8 (1st value=22) is overwriting a D on node 18 (1st value=0) that was previously transferred from another DA, DL,or set of DK's. ( , ROTZ 8 ( = 22) D 18 ( = 0), DA, DL, DK.)
DK, DL,
DA
.
49
, ,
DADELE, DLDELE, /
DDELE.
. VX, VY, (
VZ,
) (
/
). “
” .
2.6.6.
(
). ,
ANSYS.
( FX, MZ, CSGY, . ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide.
ANSYS,
) ,
, .
, ,
, ,
. , ANSYS FX, FY, FZ MX, MY, MZ HEAT, HBOT, HE2, . . . HTOP CSGX, CSGY, CSGZ FLUX CHRG AMPS CHRG FLOW
F, FLIST, FDELE
FSCALE, FCUM
FK, FKLIST, FKDELE
-
SBCTRAN
FTRAN GUI,
: GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Nodes 50
Utility Menu> List> Loads> Forces> On All Keypoints (or On Picked KPs) Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Lines ANSYS Commands Reference. 2.6.6.1.
. ,
, .
, ,
:
: FCUM GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs Add> Forces Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs. Add> Forces : F,447,FY,3000 F,447,FY,2500 FCUM,ADD F,447,FY,-1000 FCUM,IGNORE F,25,FZ,350 FCUM
! FY = 3000 ! FY ! ! FY = 2500-1000 = 1500 ! ! ! ! FCUM
F
447 2500 (
)
447 (
)
ANSYS Commands Reference.
FCUM
,
FCUM (
FCUM. . 2.6.6.2.
),
FCUM
. :
FSCALE : FSCALE GUI:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Forces Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Forces FSCALE .
FCUM , FX,
, DOFSEL.
. ,
,
,
: DOFSEL,S,FX FSCALE,0.5 DOFSEL,ALL
! ! !
FX FX DOF
0.5
51
2.6.6.3. To transfer forces that have been applied to the solid model to the corresponding finite element model, use one of the following: , , , : : FTRAN GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> Forces Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> Forces ,
SBCTRAN:
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> All Solid Lds Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> All Solid Lds
2.6.7.
. , ANSYS.
, .
,
. . ANSYS PRES[1] CONV HFLUX INF MXWF INF MXWF CHRGS INF FSI -
IMPD
SELV
52
1.
PRESS. .
SF, SFLIST, SFDELE
SFSCALE, SFCUM, SFFUN, SFGRAD
SFE, SFELIST, SFEDELE
SFBEAM, SFFUN, SFGRAD
SFL, SFLLIST, SFLDELE
SFGRAD
SFA, SFALIST, SFADELE
SFGRAD
SFTRAN
GUI, :
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Nodes Utility Menu> List> Loads> Surface> On All Elements (or On Picked Elements) Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Lines ANSYS Commands Reference.
. ANSYS
, ,
.
,
, ,
, .
ANSYS
( )
. (SHELL91 . KEYOPT(11)
, . , . 2.6.7.1.
SHELL99)
,
. , :
: SFBEAM GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On Beams Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On Beams 53
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
( ,
) -1.
JOFFST
. .
2.6.7.2.
.
SFFUN (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> For Surface Ld> Node Function, or Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> For Surface Ld> Node Function) . , , , . , . . , 1, 2, 3
4,
.
,
, :
*DIM,ABC,ARRAY,4 ABC(1)=400,587.2,965.6,740 SFFUN,HFLUX,ABC(1) ! SF,ALL,HFLUX,100 ! 100
*DIM, SFFUN,
! ! ! ABC
ABC ABC
!
, + ABC(i)
I
.
ANSYS Commands Reference.
SF
, , 100 + ABC(i): 100 +
SF 100, 400 = 500
. 1
, 100 + 587.2 = 687.2
1
4 2
,
.
54
. ,
SFFUN SF
,
SFE. .
SFFUN 2.6.7.3.
.
(
)
: : SFGRAD GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> For Surface Ld> Gradient Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> For Surface Ld> Gradient
,
,
. ,
( ,
Sldir,
),
(SLZER),
(SLOPE).
,
(Lab =
PRES)
. (SLKCN = 0) (
Lab), (SLKCN
, 500
500, Y = 0 (SLZER = 0), Y (SLOPE = -25).
Y (Sldir = Y). SF ) 25
.
: 55
SFGRAD,PRES,0,Y,0,-25 NSEL,... SF,ALL,PRES,500
! Y ! ! ! 500
-25 Y=0, 250
: Y=20
Y=10, 0
( : /
, SLZER ,
. 1: )
,
, SLKCN = 1), SLOPE
:
CSCIR ( , .
2:
CSCIR. 180° [CSCIR,KCN,0], 0° [CSCIR,KCN,1].
SLZER
360°
±180°, 0°
SLZER SLZER
. ,
,
,
11. 400
, -90°
580 180°,
+90°.
,
θ
-90°
+90°.
(
SFGRAD,PRES,11,Y,-90,1 SF,ALL,PRES,400
-90°, ,
! ! ! ! !
): theta
11. 1 400
–90° : 0°, 580
–90°, 490
+90°.
θ
400, ,
490
0°
580
+90°.
.
56
270°, SFGRAD,PRES,11,Y,270,1 ! ! ! SF,ALL,PRES,400 ! ! 400
-90°,
SLZER:
theta 270°,
C.S. 11. :
–90°., 490
0°., 580
+90°.
, ,
.
180° ( -180° 400
270°, 220
,
θ +180°.
-90°
+90°, 130 0°, 40 , . SLZER 180°, 0° and 360°, 2(
)
+90°),
SLZER
-90°. ±180°, 0°. 1(
).
57
, (270° +90°
0°
0°
0°,
θ
360°).
270°
.
360° 1.
,
CSCIR,11,1 SFGRAD,PRES,11,Y,270,1 SF,ALL,PRES,400
! ! ! ! ! ! 400 ! 130
0° theta 270°,
400
: 360°., 220
270°., 490 0°.
400 270°, 490
C.S. 11.
270° 360°, 220
90°,
+90°.
, 0°.
130 ,
.
, ,
.
,
,
0°
130,
,
(
358°)
488.
. ,
SFGRAD .
SFGRAD
, .
,
SFGRAD ,
. If you need this capability, use SURF153 with face 3 loading or SURF154 with face 4 loading. . , SFGRAD, , , . 2.6.7.4.
.
58
, ,
. :
: SFCUM GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs. Add> Surface Loads Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs. Add> Surface Loads , (
,
SFCUM. SFCUM
),
.
SFSCALE .
SFCUM
.
SFSCALE
Lab
. 2.6.7.5.
.
,
:
: SFTRAN GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> Surface Loads Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> Surface Loads , (
SBCTRAN
)
2.6.7.6.
.
Currently, the following surface effect elements are available: SURF151 and SURF153 for 2-D models and SURF152 and SURF154 for 3-D models. , . , , . , ( ) . : SURF151 SURF153 SURF152 SURF154 .
2.6.8.
. ANSYS.
, , 59
. ,
, ,
,
.
ANSYS TEMP[1] FLUE HGEN TEMP[1] JS MVDI VLTG Electric
Fluid
Temperature
TEMP[1]
Volume Charge Density
CHRGD
Heat Generation Rate
HGEN
Force Density
FORC
1.
BF, BFLIST, BFDELE
BFSCALE, BFCUM, BFUNIF
BFE, BFELIST, BFEDELE
BFESCAL, BFECUM
BFK, BFKLIST, BFKDELE
-
BFL, BFLLIST, BFLDELE
-
BFA, BFALIST, BFADELE
-
BFV, BFVLIST, BFVDELE
-
BFTRAN
-
,
, . GUI,
: GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Nodes Utility Menu> List> Loads> Body> On Picked Elems Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Keypoints Utility Menu> List> Loads> Body> On Picked Lines 60
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> load type> On Volumes ANSYS Commands Reference.
, .
, ANSYS
,
: • • •
,
.
,
,
. ,
BFUNIF. 2.6.8.1.
. .
BFE
,
. , .
, .
ANSYS Elements
Reference
.
•
(PLANEn
SOLIDn),
. BFE
•
(SHELLn), “
”
, BFE
. .
61
•
•
(SHELL63
, SHELL51 ) (BEAMn, LINKn, PIPEn,
)
; . BFE
•
.
,
(
)
,
, (
)
. ,
BF.
2.6.8.2.
. .
BFK , , .
, )
(
,
. . .
BFK , , BFK
. . 62
2.6.8.3.
,
,
BFL, BFA, .
. BFV , .
, . 2.6.8.4.
. .
BFUNIF
; . ANSYS . : : BFUNIF GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Structural or Thermal> Temperature> Uniform Temp Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Uniform Temp Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural Temperature> Uniform Temp
or
Thermal>
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> Uniform Temp 2.6.8.5.
.
63
, ,
. ,
:
: BFCUM, BFECUM GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs Add> Nodal Body Ld Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs Add> Elem Body Lds Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs Add> Nodal Body Ld Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs Add> Elem Body Lds GUI GUI. (
),
. 2.6.8.6.
.
,
:
: BFTRAN GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> Body Loads Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Transfer to FE> Body Loads , 2.6.8.7.
SBCTRAN. . ,
: : BFSCALE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Nodal Body Ld Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Nodal Body Ld :
64
BFESCAL GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Elem Body Lds Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Scale FE Loads> Elem Body Lds ,
BFCUM BFSCALE BFESCAL
BFECUM
.
2.6.8.8.
, .
BFK, BFL, BFA,
ANSYS
BFV
. BFV, BFA, .
,
BFL ,
,
, ,
BFV, BFA, BFL
. BFK
: A:
BFV, BFA, BFV, BFA,
,
BFL, BFL,
.
, .
BFK
.
. B:
BFV, BFA, BFL, BFV, BFA,
,
BFE
,
BF
BFV, BFA, : (1 – BFE , (2) BFK , (3) (4) BFUNIF . .
C:
BFV, BFA,
BFE
BFV, BFA, BFL. : (1 – , (3) BFL , BFA , (5) BFV , (6)
, (2) BFK
, , (7) BFUNIF .
)
.
,
,
BFL.
BFL
BFE
BF
BFL.
)
.
: 65
•
BFL
• •
BFL BFA
• • • • • •
(
BFL ).
.
BFK BFA /
(
).
BFA BFA BFV
.
BFL BFK BFV /
/
. (
).
BFV BFV BFV
.
BFA BFL BFK
. .
ANSYS : 1.
, BFV ,
BFE
,
,
(
,
BF ).
2.
, BFA ,
BFE
,
,
(
BF
).
3.
, BFL
BFE
, (
,
BF
).
4. BFK
,
BF ,
(
,
).
, BFL BFV ( ,
, BFL . , (
, BFK , BFA
BFA , ) ,
, .
)
.
. , (
)
:
***WARNING*** Body load TEMP from line 12 (1st value=77) is overwriting a BF on node 43 (1st value=99) that was previously transferred from another BFV, BFA, BFL or set of BFK's. TEMP 12 ( =77) BF 43 ( =99) BFV, BFA, BFL .
BFK, BFL, BFA, .
BFK
BFV ,
BF
66
, BFLDELE, /
BFVDELE, BFADELE,
BFDELE.
2.6.9.
. :
Command ACEL CGLOC CGOMGA CMDOMEGA CMOMEGA DCGOMG DOMEGA IRLF OMEGA , . STAT, INRTIA. . .
,
.
,
“
”
. ACEL, OMEGA,
,
DOMEGA
.
. ACEL Y, . CGOMGA .
DCGOMG CGLOC .
,
,
. CMOMEGA
CMDOMEGA . .
. 67
,
, ,
( ,
, MASS21, ).
,
ANSYS
.
,
, (lb/in3)
(lb-sec2/in/in3),
. :
• • •
. . (g = 1.0).
, g: .
g = 1.0
g = 386.0
MP,DENS,1,0.283/g
MP,DENS,1,0.283/g
ACEL,,g
ACEL,,g
2.6.10.
. .
, (
).
, .
,
:
: LDREAD GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> load type> From source Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> load type> From source
ANSYS Coupled-Field Analysis Guide.
2.6.11.
. , Y
, ,
, .
.
,
, ,
,
360°. 68
.
, 10 N
= 47,124)
1500 47,124 lb. (1500*2 π*5
, :
F,N,FY,47124
, . (360°).
,
, , . MODE (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Other> For Harmonic Ele or Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Other> For Harmonic Ele), (D, F, SF, etc.), . ANSYS Commands Reference.
360 . 2.6.11.1.
.
,
,
. 69
,
,
,
UX . .
2.6.12.
. , .
LINK1.
. “ (
ANSYS
, ,
,
”,
,
)
. .
2.6.13.
. ANSYS . (
,
). .
. , . ISTRESS. ISFILE . .
SHELL181,
.
MATx
70
. SHELL181 ISFILE, delete, elementID,
. SHELL181 .
: PLANE42, SOLID45, PLANE82, SOLID92, SOLID95, LINK180, SHELL181, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, BEAM188, BEAM189. ISWRITE , . /SOLUTION. ANSYS Commands Reference. (ISFILE, ISTRESS,
USTRESS) . .
2.6.13.1.
. ,
ISFILE
LOC
. .
LOC
0,
. LOC = 1 . LOC = 2.
. LOC = 3
, . .
Section 13.1 SHELL
Chapter 14
ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference. .
,
BEAM
ISFILE, ASCII ,
.
. "EIS" .
. ISFILE
LOC
3.
0, 1
LOC = 2,
.
:0 (
),
1
.
,
ISFILE. , .
LOC = 0,
.
LOC = 1,
. ANSYS
. , ANSYS .
LOC = 3,
71
. .
(ESYS), . ,
ISWRITE . 2.6.13.2.
ANSYS , .
ISFILE
10 PLANE42.
1
.
X=0
. , istress.ist,
,
ANSYS.
, , ! ************ ! ! , istress.ist, ! 5 PLANE42. ! ! 1 ! Sx Sy eis, 1 -3117691.453622 , -87.56555196445 -3117691.453622 , -326.7990889251 3117691.453622 , -326.7990889248 3117691.453622 , -87.56555196422 ! ! 2 ! Sx Sy eis, 2 -2424871.130595 , 23.46311893908 -2424871.130595 , 1219.630803748 2424871.130595 , 1219.630803748 2424871.130595 , 23.46311893943 ! ! 3 ! Sx Sy eis, 3 -1732050.807568 , -6.286923759268 -1732050.807568 , -4551.724125935 1732050.807568 , -4551.724125935 1732050.807568 , -6.286923743552 ! ! 4 ! Sx Sy eis, 4 -1039230.484542 , 1.684576148808 -1039230.484542 , 16987.26570008 1039230.484542 , 16987.26570014 1039230.484541 , 1.684576134896 ! ! 5
. ANSYS ************
Sz , , , ,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, Sz
, , , ,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, Sz
, , , ,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, Sz
, , , ,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
Sxy -99999.99999990 -99999.99999990 -99999.99999990 -99999.99999990
, , , ,
Sxy -99999.99999991 -99999.99999991 -99999.99999991 -99999.99999991
, , , ,
, , , ,
Sxy -99999.99999990 -99999.99999991 -99999.99999991 -99999.99999990
Sxz
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syz
Sxy -99999.99999989 -99999.99999990 -99999.99999989 -99999.99999989
Syz
, , , ,
Sxz
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syz
Sxz
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syz
Sxz
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
72
! Sx Sy Sz Sxy Syz eis, 5 -346410.1615140 ,-0.4513808515767 , 0.0, -100000.0000001 , 0.0, -346410.1615140 , -63397.33867442 , 0.0, -100000.0000001 , 0.0, 346410.1615140 , -63397.33867442 , 0.0, -100000.0000001 , 0.0, 346410.1615140 ,-0.4513808514312 , 0.0, -100000.0000001 , 0.0, ! ! !***************************************************************
ANSYS istress.ist
ISFILE) 105
Sxz 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
( .
.
/prep7 /title, et,1,PLANE42 ! mp,ex,1,1.0e9 mp,nuxy,1,0.3 ! ! ! n,1 n,2,2.0 n,3,4.0 n,4,6.0 n,5,8.0 n,6,10.0 n,7,,1.0 n,8,2.0,1.0 n,9,4.0,1.0 n,10,6.0,1.0 n,11,8.0,1.0 n,12,10.0,1.0 ! ! 5 ! e,1,2,8,7 e,2,3,9,8 e,3,4,10,9 e,4,5,11,10 e,5,6,12,11 ! nsel,s,loc,x, d,all,all nall finish ! /solu ! ! ! ! ! isfile,read,istress,ist,,1 ! List the initial stresses isfile,list outres,all,all solve finish !
ANSYS PLANE42
x=0
istress.ist . LOC
ISFILE
.
73
/post1 set,last prnsol,u finish
2.6.13.3.
,
ISTRESS ISTRESS ISFILE
.
. ISFILE . . solution ! ! . ! istress,1322.34,2022.21,302.43,4040.32,5076.32,6021.456 ! ! , ! ! isfile,list isfile,dele,1 ! ! . ! isfile,list solve FINISH
2.6.13.4.
, ,
№1
ISWRITE ,
ISWRITE
. . ,
. :
! ! ******* INITIAL STRESS FILE ev181-64s.ist ! ! !INITIAL STRESS RECORD FOR ELEMENT 3 ! SX SY SZ SXY eis, 3,1 78.6886 122.471 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 47.2161 73.4892 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.730024E-02 0.167903E-01 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -47.2015 -73.4556 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -78.6740 -122.437 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 ! ! !INITIAL STRESS RECORD FOR ELEMENT 2 ! SX SY SZ SXY eis, 2,1
Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time & Time Step Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time & Time Step : NSUBST GUI: 91
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Freq & Substeps (or Time and Substps) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Sol'n Control ( : Basic Tab) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Freq & Substeps (or Time and Substps) Main Menu> Solution> Unabridged Menu> Time/Frequenc> Freq & Substeps (or Time and Substps) NSUBST
DELTIM .
ANSYS .
2.7.1.4.
. .
AUTOTS GUI:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time & Time Step (or Time and Substps) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Sol'n Control ( : Basic Tab) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time & Time Step (or Time and Substps) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time & Time Step (or Time and Substps) , , . (
)
, AUTOTS
. 2.7.1.5.
. ,
KBC: KBC,0
. KBC,1
. .
: KBC GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Sol'n Control ( : Transient Tab) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Freq & Substeps (or Time and Substps or Time & Time Step) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Freq & Substeps (or Time and Substps or Time & Time Step) : 92
•
, (
•
,
,
,
). ,
•
:
,
, , BFUNIF ).
( GUI
.
•
,
,
. (ANTYPE,HARM
, HROPT,FULL), , PLANE2, SOLID45, SOLID92, .
, •
SOLID95, ,
, . ,
•
, .
BFUNIF, , ,
•
BFUNIF
. ,
BFUNIF, ,
•
,
.
.
.
(KBC = 0)
.
.
TBULK
TUNIF[2]
TUNIF[3]
TUNIF[2]
TUNIF
HCOEF
[4]
TUNIF[2] TUNIF[3] BFUNIF[5]
BFUNIF[3] 93
. [1] 1. OMEGA
, .
2. 3.
.
TUNIF ,
TUNIF
BFUNIF
. 4. 5.
.
KBC TUNIF,
BFUNIF
BFUNIF
. 2.7.1.6.
. :
•
, .
:
: TREF GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Other> Reference Temp Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Reference Temp Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Other> Reference Temp Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> Reference Temp •
(
)
.
( :
,
)
: KUSE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Other> Reuse Tri Matrix Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Other> Reuse Tri Matrix
, Newton-Raphson.
1,
KUSE . ,
(
Jobname.TRI)
,
KUSE
, KUSE,-1
1. .
. 94
•
(
) X. ( ) ( :
).
: MODE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Other> For Harmonic Ele Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Other> For Harmonic Ele •
: : MAGOPT GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Magnetics> potential formulation method
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Magnetics> potential formulation method •
: : NUMEXP,EXPSOL GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> ExpansionPass> Single Expand> Range of Solu's Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> ExpansionPass> Single Expand> Range of Solu's Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> ExpansionPass> Single Expand> By Load Step Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> ExpansionPass> Single Expand> By Time/Freq Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> ExpansionPass> Single Expand> By Load Step Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> ExpansionPass> Single Expand> By Time/Freq
2.7.2.
. . : .
95
GUI TIMINT
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time Integration
.
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Sol'n Control ( : Basic Tab) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time Integration Main Menu> Solution> Unabridged Menu> Time/Frequenc> Time Integration HARFRQ Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Freq & Substeps
.
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Freq & Substeps ALPHAD Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Damping
.
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Sol'n Contro( : Transient Tab) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Damping Main Menu> Solution> Unabridged Menu> Time/Frequenc> Damping BETAD
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Damping
.
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Sol'n Contro ( : Transient Tab) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Damping Main Menu> Solution> Unabridged Menu> Time/Frequenc> Damping DMPRAT Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Damping
.
Main Menu> Solution> Time/Frequenc> Damping MDAMP
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Damping
.
96
GUI Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Damping
2.7.3.
. .
:
GUI NEQIT
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Equilibrium Iter Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Sol'n Control ( : Nonlinear Tab)
, (
=
25)
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Equilibrium Iter Main Menu> Solution> Unabridged Menu> Nonlinear> Equilibrium Iter CNVTOL Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Convergence Crit Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Sol'n Control ( : Nonlinear Tab) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Convergence Crit Main Menu> Solution> Unabridged Menu> Nonlinear> Convergence Crit NCNV
Main
Menu>
Preprocessor>
Main Menu> Solution> Sol'n Main Menu> Solution> Load Main
Menu>
Solution>
97
GUI Criteria to Stop
2.7.4.
,
. :
, GUI ANSYS
OUTRES Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> DB/Results File
.
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Sol'n Control ( : Basic Tab) Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> DB/Results File Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> DB/Results File OUTPR
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Output ( Jobname.OUT) Ctrls> Solu Printout
, .
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> Solu Printout Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> Solu Printout OUTRES OUTRES,ALL,5 ! OUTPR,NSOL,LAST .
!
OUTPR , .
OUTPR:
OUTRES ( ,
50)
, 10 .
OUTRES,ALL,10 OUTRES,NSOL,5
98
,
(
),
, . OUTRES,NSOL,5 OUTRES,ALL,10
, OUTRES,NSOL,10 OUTRES,NSOL,ALL,TIP
“TIP”
.
,
10
,
.
;
ANSYS
OUTRES
Elements Reference. OUTRES (FREQ = NONE) (OUTRES,ALL,NONE) OUTRES. , ERESX, . : ERESX GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> Integration Pt Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> Integration Pt Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> Integration Pt ANSYS
, .
ERESX,NO, , ERESX,YES,
.
, .
2.7.5.
Biot-Savart. ,
.
: Biot-Savart
99
GUI BIOT
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Magnetics> Options Only> Biot-Savart
.
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Magnetics> Options Only> Biot-Savart .
EMSYM Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Magnetics> Options Only> Copy Sources Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Magnetics> Options Only> Copy Sources
2.7.6.
. , .
ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide.
2.8.
. , .
, , . ( Jobname.S01, Jobname.S02, Jobname.S03,
LSWRITE ).
,
: : LSWRITE
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Write LS File Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Write LS File Solution Controls , (
,
Basic
Solution Controls ). , . :
/SOLU 0
!
SOLUTION
100
! D, ... SF, ... ... NSUBST, ... KBC, ... OUTRES, ... OUTPR, ... ... LSWRITE ! D, ... SF, ... ... NSUBST, ... KBC, ... OUTRES, ... OUTPR, ... ... LSWRITE 0
1: ! !
!
: Jobname.S01 2:
! !
!
: Jobname.S02
: • • •
ANSYS. (R)
LSWRITE (MP). LSWRITE ,
, .
, SFBEAM)
SFE (
,
.
•
n, ,
LSREAD,n LSWRITE,n (
, n).
,
. LSREAD
GUI:
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Read LS File Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Read LS File •
ANSYS.
LSDELE GUI:
LSDELE
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Operate> Delete LS Files Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Operate> Delete LS Files •
,
, LSCLEAR
.
,
,
“
”
. 101
LSCLEAR: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Delete> All Load Data> data type Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Reset Options Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs Add Main Menu> Solution> Reset Options Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> Replace vs Add> Reset Factors
2.9.
. .
PRETS179 (
)
PSMESH . ,
EINTF.
. , ,
, PSMESH
.
, ,
.
2.9.1.
PSMESH , PSMESH. (
, )
. .
. (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Sections> Delete Section). . .
102
PSMESH .
(
PTSMESH), . .
, : .
,
,
,
,
(A .
A
B)
B ,
. (K) . ,
PSMESH.
2.9.2.
EINTF
, (PRETS179) EINTF,TOLER,K (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Create> elements> pretension> At Coincident Nodes...). , ANSYS . EINTF . (A B) . ,
.
2.9.3.
PSMESH PSMESH.
1.
, . (
,
“example”) 103
1.
,
(npts) .
psmesh,,example,,volu,1,0,z,0.5,,,,npts
2.
. .
“
”
,
. .
.
sload,1,9,tiny,forc,100,1,2
3.
SLOAD. . .
180° .
, –
,
–
.
.
104
PSMESH ,
PRETS179.
(
)
. .
.
, 70°F.
( 105
)
,
PSMESH,
,
. . /prep7 /title,Sample application of PSMESH et,1,92 mp,ex,1,1e7 mp,alpx,1,1.3e-5 mp,prxy,1,0.30 mp,ex,2,3e7 mp,alpx,2,8.4e-6 mp,prxy,2,0.30 tref,70 /foc,,-.09,.34,.42 /dist,,.99 /ang,,-55.8 /view,,.39,-.87,.31 /pnum,volu,1 /num,1 cylind,0.5,, -0.25,0, 0,180 cylind,0.5,, 1,1.25, 0,180 cylind,0.25,, 0,1, 0,180 wpoff,.05 cylind,0.35,1, 0,0.75, 0,180 wpoff,-.1 cylind,0.35,1, 0.75,1, 0,180 wpstyle,,,,,,,,0 vglue,all numc,all vplot mat,1 smrt,off vmesh,4,5 mat,2 vmesh,1,3 /pnum,mat,1 eplot psmesh,,example,,volu,1,0,z,0.5,,,,elems CM,lines,LINE /dist,,1.1 cmplot /solu eqslve,pcg,1e-8 asel,s,loc,y da,all,symm asel,all dk,1,ux dk,12,ux dk,1,uz sload,1,9,,force,100,1,2 /title,Sample application of PSMESH - preload only solve !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! . ! ! 150F. ! , ! ; ! ! ,
106
! . !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! /post1 plnsol,s,z /solu antype,,restart tunif,150 /title,Sample application of PSMESH - uniform 150 deg solve /post1 plnsol,s,z
2.9.4.
(
GUI)
2.9.4.1. 1. 2. 2.9.4.2.
Utility Menu> File> Change Title , “Sample Application of PSMESH”
OK.
. SOLID92.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2.9.4.3.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete. Element Types Add. Library of Elements. , Structural, Solid. Tet 10 node 92 OK. Close Element Types. .
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models. Define Material Model Behavior 2. Material Models Available Structural, Linear, Elastic, Isotropic. . 3. 1E7 EX, 0.3 PRXY OK. Linear Isotropic Material Model Number 1 Material Models Defined 4. Structural Material Models Available, Thermal Expansion Coef, Isotropic. . 5. 1.3E-5 ALPX OK. Thermal Expansion (iso) Material Model Number 1 Material Models Defined. 6. Material> New Model, 2 ID OK. Material Model 2 Material Models Defined. 7. Isotropic Structural, Linear, Elastic Material Models Available. . 8. 3E7 EX, 0.3 PRXY OK. Linear Isotropic Material Model Number 2 Material Models Defined. 9. Isotropic Structural, Thermal Expansion Coef Material Models Available. . 10. 8.4E-6 ALPX OK. Thermal Expansion (iso) Material Model Number 2 Material Models Defined. 11. Material> Exit Define Material Behavior. 107
12.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Reference Temp.
13.
70
OK.
2.9.4.4.
.
1.
Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> View Settings> Focus Point. Focus Point 2. User Specified. 3. -.09, .34, .42 OK. 4. Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> View Settings> Magnification. Magnification. 5. User Specified. 6. .99 OK. 7. Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> View Settings> Angle of Rotation. Angle of Rotation. 8. -55.8 OK. 9. Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> View Settings> Viewing Direction. Viewing Direction. 10. .39, -.87, .31 XV, YV, ZV OK. 11. Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Numbering. (Volume numbers). 12. Numbering shown with Colors only OK.
2.9.4.5. 1. 2.
. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volumes> By Dimensions. Create Cylinder by Dimensions. :
Outer radius (RAD1): 0.5 Z-coordinates (Z1, Z2): -0.25, 0 Ending angle (THETA2): 180 3. 4.
.
Apply : Outer radius (RAD1): 0.5 Z-coordinates (Z1, Z2): 1, 1.25 Ending angle (THETA2): 180
5. 6.
.
Apply : Outer radius (RAD1): 0.25 Z-coordinates (Z1, Z2): 0, 1 Ending angle (THETA2): 180
108
7.
OK Create Cylinder by Dimensions. 8. Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP by increments 9. 0.05 X, Y, Z Offset, , OK. 0.05 . 10. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volumes> Cylinder> By Dimensions. Create Cylinder by Dimensions. 11. : Outer radius (RAD1): 1 Optional inner radius (RAD2): 0.35 Z-coordinates (Z1, Z2): 0, 0.75 Ending angle (THETA2): 180 12. 13. 14.
OK . Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP by increments. -0.10 in X, Y, Z Offset, enter, OK. -0.10 . 15. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volumes> Cylinder> By Dimensions. Create Cylinder by Dimensions. 16. : Outer radius (RAD1): 1 Optional inner radius (RAD2): 0.35 Z-coordinates (Z1, Z2): 0.75, 1 Ending angle (THETA2): 180 17. 18. 19.
OK . Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane (toggle off). Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Glue> Volumes.
20. 21. 22. 23. 2.9.4.6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
(Pick all). Main Menu> Preprocessor> Numbering Ctrls> Compress Numbers. All Item to be compressed OK. Utility Menu> Plot> Volumes. . Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Meshtool. Element Attributes, Global Set. Material number 1 OK. , smart sizing (off) Mesh. 4 5( ) OK . Utility Menu> Plot> Volumes. MeshTool Global Set Element Attributes. Material number 2 OK. Mesh. 1, 2, 3 OK . MeshTool. 109
12. 13. 14. 15.
Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Numbering. Material numbers Elem/Attrib numbering OK. Utility Menu> Plot> Elements. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Sections> Pretension> Pretensn Mesh> With Options> Divide at Valu> Elements in Volu. 16. 1 OK. 17. OK: NAME: Example KCN: Global Cartesian KDIR: Z-axis VALUE: 0.5 ECOMP: elems
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 2.9.4.7.
Utility Menu> Select> Comp/Assembly> Create Component. Line (Cname). Lines Entity OK. Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> View Settings> Magnification. User Specified. 1.1 User specified distance OK. Utility Menu> Plot> Components> Selected Components. :
.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Types> Sol'n Controls. Sol'n Options. Pre-Condition CG Equation Solvers OK. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. Areas, By Location, Y-coordinates OK. Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> Symmetry B.C.> On Areas. 7. Pick All. 8. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. 9. , Areas Sele All. 10. OK. 11. Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Displacement> On Keypoints. 12. (KeyP No. = 1) OK . 13. UX UZ DOFs ( ) (Lab2) Apply . 14. (KeyP No. = 12) OK . 15. UX (Lab2) OK. 16. Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pretensn Sectn. 17. 1 Example Pretension Sections. 18. 100 Force ( Pretension Load) OK. 19. Utility Menu> File> Change Title. 20. “Sample Application of PSMESH - Preload Only” OK. 21. Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS. 110
22.
OK .
23.
Solution is Done.
Close
2.9.4.8.
:
1.
.
Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu. Contour Nodal Solution Data. Stress Z-direction (SZ) OK.
2.
2.9.4.9.
:
1.
.
Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Restart. . Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Settings> Uniform Temp. 150 OK. Utility Menu> File> Change Title. “Sample Application of PSMESH - Uniform 150 deg”
2. 3. 4. 5. OK. 6.
Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS.
2.9.4.10.
: .
1. 2.
2.9.4.11. 1. 2. 3.
Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu. Contour Nodal Solution Data. Stress Z-direction (SZ) , OK. ANSYS QUIT Quit - No Save! OK.
ANSYS.
111
ANSYS 1.
.
1.1.
. . :
• • • •
. . . .
,
,
,
,
. (
,
).
1.2.
ANSYS
. ANSYS:
• • • •
Multiphysics. Mechanical. Professional. FLOTRAN. ANSYS ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference). , ANSYS
, ( ANSYS . .
ANSYS
:
• • •
. . .
1.2.1.
. . , ANSYS
; .
, . 112
( ), , ANSYS FLOTRAN CFD ,
,
LINK34.
, .
1.2.2.
.
ANSYS
,
,
: • •
LINK31. ,
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SURF151,
SURF152 AUX12 . Radiosity Solver.
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4.
1.2.3.
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1.3.
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ANSYS
:
1. . , . 2. .
113
1.4.
. ,
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-
,
. ANSYS
–
. (ANSYS Coupled-Field
Analysis Guide).
1.5.
GUI
. ANSYS
(
GUI , . (ANSYS Commands
). ANSYS
Reference). GUI
,
. .
GUI GUI
, . ,
, . , .
(ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide) (Material Model Interface).
2.
.
2.1.
. ANSYS:
• • • •
Multiphysics. Mechanical. FLOTRAN. Professional.
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114
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2.2.
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ANSYS
40
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115
. Э PLANE35 PLANE55 PLANE75
2-D 2-D 2-D
PLANE77
2-D
PLANE78
2-D
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116
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117
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1-D, 2-D, or 3-D
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119
2.3.
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, GUI
.
2.4.
. :
• • •
. . . , .
, . .
, .
2.5.
. . ,
ANSYS (PREP7) ,
, ). (ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide)
( -
. : •
: : ET GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>Element Type>Add/Edit/Delete
•
: : MP GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models>Thermal
( (
, MPTEMP MPDATA).
MPTGEN),
GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models>Thermal
120
(HF), .
GUI
. (HF), ,
, ,
.
2.5.1.
. ;
, ,
, . .
ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide. , .
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,
. . X, Y
Z;
.
– ,
.
.
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,
. .
, 2
1.
,
“
.
” ANSYS
Modeling and Meshing Guide.
2.6.
. :
,
,
,
.
2.6.1.
. :
• •
GUI, Analysis> Steady-state (static).
Main Menu Solution> Analysis Type> New ANTYPE,STATIC,NEW. 121
•
( , ANTYPE,STATIC,REST.
),
Jobname.ESAV
.
Jobname.DB
2.6.2.
. ( ,
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,
).
, (
Applying Loads Using TABLE Type Array Parameters ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide). :
2.6.2.1.
(TEMP) ,
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2.6.2.2.
(HEAT) . (
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2.6.2.4.
(HFLUX) . ,
(
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FLOTRAN CFD. , 122
.
CONV
(
).
HFLUX , ANSYS
.
2.6.2.5. Э
(HGEN) ,
,
,
. . ,
. GUI Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Temperature
D
(TEMP) (HEAT) (CONV),
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Heat Flow Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Heat Flux
F
SF
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Convection Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Heat Generat
(HFLUX) BF
(HGEN)
, . . DK
DKDELE
DKLIST
DTRAN
-
D
DDELE
DLIST
DSCALE
DCUM, TUNIF
FK
FKDELE
FKLIST
FTRAN
-
F
FDELE
FLIST
FSCALE
FCUM
SFL
SFLDELE
SFLLIST
SFTRAN
SFGRAD
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SFA
SFADELE
SFALIST
SFTRAN
SFGRAD
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SF
SFDELE
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SFE
SFEDELE
SFELIST
SFSCALE
BFK
BFKDELE
BFKLIST
BFTRAN
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SFGRAD, SFCUM SFBEAM, SFCUM, SFFUN, SFGRAD -
123
"
BFL
BFLDELE
BFLLIST
BFTRAN
-
"
BFA
BFADELE
BFALIST
BFTRAN
-
"
BFV
BFVDELE
BFVLIST
BFTRAN
-
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BF
BFDELE
BFLIST
BFSCALE
BFCUM
BFE
BFEDELE
BFELIST
BFSCALE
BFCUM
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Solution
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, : GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Temperature> On Keypoints
2.6.3.
. , , . ANSYS APDL Programmer's Guide
.
D
F (
)
(
)
SF SF SF BF (FLUID116) SFE D
, X, Y, Z , X, Y, Z, , X, Y, Z, TEMP, , X, Y, Z , X, Y, Z, , X, Y, Z,
, X, Y, Z .
. ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide. 124
, . • • • • • • • •
Tsurf* (TS) ( SURF152) (ρ) ( (
SURF151 DENS) C) kxx) kyy) kzz)
( ( ( (
µ) (
ε)
125
2.6.4.
. , . . GUI
-
, .
2.6.5.
TIME
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time-Time Step
NSUBST
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time and Substps
DELTIM
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time-Time Step
KBC
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time -Time Step
NEQIT
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Equilibrium Iter
AUTOTS
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time-Time Step
CNVTOL
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Convergence Crit
NCNV
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Criteria to Stop
LNSRCH
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Line Search
PRED
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Predictor
OUTPR
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> Solu Printout
OUTRES
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> DB/Results File
. :
•
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126
,
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1.0
1.0
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2.6.6.
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25, .
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VALUE
VALUE × TOLER.
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500
0.001, 0.5
. , ANSYS
( ∆T = Ti -Ti-1) , 0.5 .
.
, ANSYS .
127
(
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•
. ANSYS
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–
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. – .
2.6.6.1.
. , ANSYS ( ).
, (GST)
,
. GST .
GST: : /GST
GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> Grph Solu Track GST.
128
2.6.7.
. . :
•
.
(Jobname.OUT). •
,
. ,
ANSYS
(Jobname.RTH).
2.6.8.
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•
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:
(
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• • • •
(
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, ANSYS
–
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129
: : NROPT GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options • •
.
: ( ).
• • • • • • • • •
. (JCG). JCG (ICCG). (PCG) PCG (AMG) (DDS) (
) GUI:
: EQSLV GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options
( ,
)
(
,
AUX12
). , Jobname.EMAT •
Jobname.EROT.
. (
) .
(
)
(
). :
: TOFFST GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options
2.6.9.
. , .
, : : RESUME
GUI: 130
Utility Menu>File>Resume Jobname.db Utility Menu>File>Resume from
2.6.10.
. : : SOLVE
GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS
2.6.11.
.
ANSYS
Jobname.RTH. :
2.6.11.1.
.
•
(TEMP) 2.6.11.2.
• • • •
. (TFX, TFY, TFZ, TFSUM) (TGX, TGY, TGZ, TGSUM) . . POST1
(Main Menu>General ,
Postproc). . ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide
. ANSYS
( ).
RESUME Jobname.RTH.
2.6.12.
. , .
:
SET GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> By Load Step ,
, .
(GUI), 131
. .
TIME
,
2.6.13.
, ANSYS .
.
ANSYS
, . GUI: :
: PLESOL PLETAB GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Element Solu Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Elem Table Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu .
Д
: : 132
PLVECT GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Vector Plot> Pre-defined or Userdefined .
Д
: : PRESOL PRNSOL PRRSOL
GUI: Main Menu>General Postproc>List Results>Element Solution Main Menu>General Postproc>List Results>Nodal Solution Main Menu>General Postproc>List Results>Reaction Solu GUI
, ).
(
2.7.
(
, ANSYS
).
. (
) .
2.7.1.
. , . 133
450°F (232°C). ,
100°F (38°C). 250 Btu/hr-ft2-°F (1420 watts/m2-°K). ( ).
.
. .
, .
70
200
300
400
500
(°F)
0.285 0.285 0.285 0.285 0.285 (lb/in3) 8.35 8.90 9.35 9.80 10.23 (Btu/hr-ft-°F) 0.113 0.117 0.119 0.122 0.125 (Btu/lb-°F) 426
405
352
2.7.2.
275
221
(Btu/hr-ft2-°F)
. , –
.
,
, ,
, 450°F.
Y=0. 134
. . . , –
(
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,
50. .
,
.
2.7.3.
. . .
/PREP7 /TITLE, Steady-state thermal analysis of pipe junction /UNITS,BIN /SHOW
! !
ET,1,90
!
20
MP,DENS,1,.285 MPTEMP,,70,200,300,400,500 MPDATA,KXX,1,,8.35/12,8.90/12,9.35/12,9.80/12,10.23/12 MPDATA,C,1,,.113,.117,.119,.122,.125 MPDATA,HF,2,,426/144,405/144,352/144,275/144,221/144 ! RI1=1.3 RO1=1.5 Z1=2 RI2=.4 RO2=.5 Z2=2 CYLIND,RI1,RO1,,Z1,,90 WPROTA,0,-90 CYLIND,RI2,RO2,,Z2,-90 WPSTYL,DEFA
! ! ! ! !
= .285 lbf/in^3
BOPT,NUMB,OFF VOVLAP,1,2 /PNUM,VOLU,1 /VIEW,,-3,-1,1 /TYPE,,4 /TITLE,Volumes used in building pipe/tank junction VPLOT VDELE,3,4,,1 ! Meshing ASEL,,LOC,Z,Z1
! ! !
!
Z
ASEL,A,LOC,Y,0
!
Y
CM,AREMOTE,AREA
! AREMOTE
(
)
. ,
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! .
!
/PNUM,AREA,1
135
/PNUM,LINE,1 /TITLE,Lines showing the portion being modeled APLOT /NOERASE LPLOT /ERASE ACCAT,ALL LCCAT,12,7 LCCAT,10,5 LESIZE,20,,,4 LESIZE,40,,,6 LESIZE,6,,,4 ALLSEL ESIZE,.4 MSHAPE,0,3D MSHKEY,1 SAVE VMESH,ALL /PNUM,DEFA /TITLE,Elements in portion being modeled EPLOT FINISH /COM, *** Obtain solution *** /SOLU ANTYPE,STATIC NROPT,AUTO
! !
!4 !6 !4 ! ! ! ! !
.
! !
– .
TUNIF,450 CSYS,1 NSEL,S,LOC,X,RI1
!
SF,ALL,CONV,250/144,450 CMSEL,,AREMOTE NSLA,,1 D,ALL,TEMP,450
! ! ! !
WPROTA,0,-90 CSWPLA,11,1
! !
NSEL,S,LOC,X,RI2 SF,ALL,CONV,-2,100 ALLSEL /PBC,TEMP,,1
! !
/PSF,CONV,,2 /TITLE,Boundary conditions NPLOT WPSTYL,DEFA CSYS,0 AUTOTS,ON NSUBST,50 KBC,0 OUTPR,NSOL,LAST
!
.
!
AREMOTE AREMOTE
,
.
! (
SOLVE FINISH /COM, *** Review results *** /POST1 /EDGE,,1 /PLOPTS,INFO,ON /PLOPTS,LEG1,OFF
! ! ! !
)
(
)
! ! !
136
/WINDOW,1,SQUARE /TITLE,Temperature contours at pipe/tank junction PLNSOL,TEMP CSYS,11 NSEL,,LOC,X,RO2
! ! ! Nodes and elements at outer radius of pipe
ESLN NSLE /SHOW,,,1 /TITLE,Thermal flux vectors at pipe/tank junction PLVECT,TF
! !
FINISH /EXIT,ALL
2.8.
( ,
)
ANSYS
, (
).
, .
1:
,
. ANSYS –
.
: 1.
Utility Menu>File>Change Title, .
2. 3.
“ OK.
”.
2:
. (
). ENTER.
/UNITS,BIN
3:
. . :
1. 2. 3. ). 4.
4:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete. . Add. . "Thermal Solid." ( "Brick20node 90." OK. Close .
. : 137
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models. (Define Material Model Behavior). (Material Models Available) : Thermal, Density. . .285 DENS ( ) OK. 1 (Material Models Defined) . (Material Models Available) : Conductivity, Isotropic. . Add Temperature ( ). . 1 5 : 70, 200, 300, 400, 500. 70, 500. . , Ctrl-c. KXX ( ) , , , OK. , 12. ANSYS , .
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
8. 9. 10. 11.
8.35/12 8.90/12 9.35/12 9.80/12
10. 23/12 12. Specific Heat ( 13. 14. 15.
(Material Models Available), . Add Temperature.
). 1 (
)
,
. 16. 17. 18. 19.
. Ctrl-v. ,
OK.
.113 .117 .119 .122 .125
20.
Material>New Model Material Model Behavior), 2 ). OK. Number 2 ( 2).
21.
(Define Define Material ID ( Material Models Defined
Material Model
(Material Models Available) ).
Convection or Film Coef ( . 22.
Add Temperature (
).
. 23. 24.
1 HF ( ,
Ctrl-v. )
. HF ANSYS
144. ,
7 . 138
25. 26. 27. 28.
426/144 405/144 352/144 275/144 221/144
29.
Graph (
) ,
OK.
30.
, Material>Exit.
31.
SAVE_DB (
),
ANSYS.
5:
.
1.
Utility Menu>Parameters>Scalar Parameters. .
2.
(Selection)
(
). , 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
RI1=1.3 RO1=1.5 Z1=2 RI2=.4 RO2=.5 Z2=2
( ( ( ( ( (
ENTER. .
, ) ) ) ) ) )
8.
Close.
6:
.
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volumes> Cylinder> By . 2. "Outer radius" ( ) RO1, "Optional inner radius" ( ) RI1, "Z coordinates" (z ) 0 Z1 "Ending angle" ( ) 90. 3. OK. 4. Utility Menu>WorkPlane>Offset WP by Increments. . 5. "XY, YZ, ZX Angles" 0,-90. 6. OK. 7. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Volumes> Cylinder> By Dimensions. . 8. "Outer radius" RO2, "Optional inner radius" RI2, "Z coordinates" 0 Z2 . "Starting angle" ( ) -90 "Ending Angle" ( ) 0. 9. OK. 10. Utility Menu>WorkPlane>Align WP with>Global Cartesian. Dimensions.
7:
. 139
1. Volumes. 2.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Overlap> . Pick All ( ).
8:
. ,
.
: 1.
Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Numbering. . “VOLU Volume numbers” (
2.
)
OK. 3.
Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>View Settings>Viewing Direction. . "Coords of view point" ( ) (-3,-1,1)
4. OK. 5. 6.
. SAVE_DB (
),
ANSYS.
9:
. .
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Delete> Volume and Below. . 3, 4 ENTER. OK .
2.
10:
AREMOTE ,
Y
Z
AREMOTE. : 1.
Utility Menu> Select> Entities. .
2.
Areas ( By Location ( "Min,Max" Apply (
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
).
). Z Coordinates.
Z1. ). Y Coordinates
"Min,Max" 0. OK. Utility Menu> Select> Comp/Assembly> Create Component. . 9. "Component name" ( ) AREMOTE. "Component is made of" ( ) Areas ( ). 10. OK.
11:
. 140
: 1.
Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Numbering. .
2.
, “LINE Line numbers”.
“AREA Area numbers” Utility Menu>Plot>Areas. Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Erase Options. "Erase between Plots" ( Utility Menu>Plot>Lines. Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Erase Options. "Erase between Plots" (
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
12:
(
OK.
).
).
)
.
,
. :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh> Volumes> Mapped> Concatenate> Areas. . Pick All ( ). Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh> Volumes> Mapped> Concatenate> Lines. . 12 7 ( ). Apply ( ). 10 5 ( ). OK.
13: 1. Picked Lines. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Picked Lines. 7. 8. 9. 10.
. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Size Cntrls> ManualSize>Lines> . 6 20 ( ). OK. . 4 "No. of element divisions" ( ). OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Size Cntrls> ManualSize> Lines> . 40 ( ). OK. . 6 "No. of element divisions" ( ). OK.
14:
-
.
,
, .
1. 2. Size.
Utility Menu>Select>Everything. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Size Cntrls> ManualSize> Global> . 141
3. 4.
0.4 "Element edge length" ( ) Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesher Opts. . Mapped OK. . Quad ( ) OK. SAVE_DB
5. 6. 7.
OK.
. 8.
Main Menu>Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh> Volumes> Mapped> 4 to 6 . Pick All ( ). ANSYS . ,
sided. , .
15:
.
1.
Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Numbering. .
2. 3.
Line, Area,
Volume.
OK.
Step 16:
. ,
–
. 1.
Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> New Analysis. . OK ( Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options.
2. 3.
).
. 4.
OK
,
17:
.
. .
1.
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Temperature> Uniform Temp. . 2. "Uniform temperature." 450. OK.
18:
. .
1. 2. 3. 4.
Utility Menu >WorkPlane> Change Active CS to> Global Cylindrical. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. . Nodes By Location X Coordinates From Full RI1 "Min,Max" OK. 142
5.
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Convection> On . Pick All. . "Film coefficient" 250/144. "Bulk temperature" 450. OK.
Nodes. 6. 7. 8. 9.
19:
AREMOTE.
1.
Utility Menu> Select> Comp/Assembly >Select Comp/Assembly. .
2. 3. 4.
OK AREMOTE. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. Nodes ( ), Attached To (
. ), Areas,All (
).
OK. 5.
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> ThermalTemperature> On . Pick All. . "Load TEMP value" 450. OK. SAVE_DB ANSYS.
Nodes. 6. 7. 8. 9.
20:
, . ( )
1. 2. 3. WP Origin. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Nodes. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Arrows ( 17.
. Utility Menu>WorkPlane>Offset WP by Increments. . 0,-90 "XY,YZ,ZX Angles" OK. Utility Menu>WorkPlane>Local Coordinate Systems>Create Local CS>At . "Type of coordinate system" "Cylindrical 1" OK. Utility Menu>Select>Entities. . Nodes, By Location, X Coordinates. RI2 "Min,Max". OK. Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Convection> On . Pick All. . 2 "Film coefficient" ( ). 100 "Bulk temperature" ( ). OK. Utility Menu>Select>Everything. Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Symbols. . "Show pres and convect as" ( ) ) OK. Utility Menu>Plot>Nodes. ANSYS , .
143
21: . 1.
2.
, Utility Menu>WorkPlane>Change Active CS to>Global Cartesian Utility Menu>WorkPlane>Align WP With>Global Cartesian.
22: 50 . 1.
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Options> Time/Frequenc> Time and . 50 "Number of substeps" ( ) "Automatic time stepping" ( ) On ( ). OK.
Substps. 2. 3. 4.
23:
.
1.
Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS. ANSYS . . Close . OK Solve Current Load Step (
2. 3. 4. ). 5. 6.
Yes
Verify (
).
. Close.
),
24:
Solution is done! (
.
1.
Utility Menu >PlotCtrls> Style> Edge Options. ). 2. "Element outlines" "Edge only" ( ) OK. 3. Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu. . 4. "Item to be contoured" "DOF solution", "Temperature TEMP" . 5. OK. . Edge Options (
25: .
144
1.
Utility Menu>WorkPlane>Change Active CS to>Specified Coord Sys. . 11 "Coordinate system number" OK. Utility Menu>Select>Entities. . Nodes, By Location, X Coordinates. RO2 "Min,Max". Apply. Elements, Attached To, Nodes. Apply. Nodes, Attached To OK. Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Vector Plot> Predefined. . "Vector item to be plotted" "Flux & gradient" "Thermal . OK. .
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. flux TF" 13.
26:
ANSYS QUIT, .
2.9. , . ,
,
,
,
2.9.1.
.
. .
/batch,list /show /title, /com /com * -----------------------------------------------------------------/com * /com * /com * /com * -----------------------
-----------------
----------------------
145
/com *
X
-
/com * /com * /com * /com *
2 x 1
.
/com *
.
/com *
.
/com *
/com *
X
'cnvtab'.
/com ** *dim,cnvtab,table,5,,,x
!
cnvtab(1,0) = 0.0,0.50,1.0,1.50,2.0
!
. , Var1 = 'X'
cnvtab(1,1) = 20.0,30.0,50.0,80.0,120.0 /prep7 esize,0.5 et,1,55 rect,0,2,0,1 amesh,1 MP,KXX,,1.0 MP,DENS,,10.0 MP,C,,100.0 lsel,s,loc,x,0 dl,all,,temp,100 alls lsel,u,loc,x,0 nsll,s,1 sf,all,conv,%cnvtab%,20
146
alls /psf,conv,hcoef,2 /pnum,tabn,on
!
.
!
nplot fini /solu anty,static kbc,1 nsubst,1 time,60 tunif,50 outres,all,all solve finish /post1 set,last sflist,all
!
/pnum,tabn,off
!
/psf,conv,hcoef,2 /pnum,sval,1
!
.
!
eplot plns,temp fini
2.9.2.
1: 1.
.
. Utility Menu> Parameters> Array Parameters> Define/Edit. . Add…
147
2.
. "Parameter name" (
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
). "Table" (
).
I,J,K
5,1,1.
X
. OK. , ).
Edit (
cnvtab
cnvtab ( TABLE Type Array Parameters, ANSYS APDL
Programmer's Guide) 8.
. ; . 1.0, 1.5,
. (
)
2.0.
9.
.
5
6 0.0, 0.5,
.
1 6 ( ) , 30, 50, 80, 120. 10. File>Apply/Quit. 11. .
. .
2:
20,
.
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete. . Add. 2. . Thermal Solid Quad 4node 55 . 3. OK. 4. . 5. Main Menu>Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models. . 6. , Thermal, Density. . 7. DENS ( ) 10. OK. (Material Models Defined) Material Model Number 1 ( 1). 8. Material Models Available ( ) Conductivity, Isotropic. . 9. KXX ( ) 1.0. OK. 10. (Material Models Available) Specific Heat. . 11. OK. ( ) 100.0. 12. Material>Exit . 3: 1.
-
.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Rectangle> By Dimensions.
2. 3.
(Create Rectangle by Dimensions). X1,X2 Y1, Y2 Y1, Y2.
0, 2.
148
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
OK. . Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> MeshTool. Size Controls Mesh Tool Globl,Set. Global Element Sizes ( ) “Element endge length” ( ) 0.5 OK. Mesh Mesh Tool Areas Map, Quad and 3/4 sided MESH. . Pick All. . MeshTool. SAVE_DB, . 4:
.
1. 2.
Utility Menu> Plot> Lines. Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Temperature> On Lines. . 3. X 0 ( ). OK. 4. . 5. VALUE ( ) 100. OK. 6. Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Convection> On Lines. . 7. x = 0. 8. OK. . 9. "Apply Film Coef on lines," ( ) "Existing table." ( ). 10. VALI. 11. "VAL2I Bulk temperature" ( ) 20. OK. 12. Apply CONV on lines ( ). , "Existing table" CNVTAB. OK. ANSYS x = 0. 13. Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Temperature> Uniform Temp. . 14. 50. OK. 5: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
.
Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Symbols. "Surface Load Symbols" ( "Convect FilmCoef". "Arrows" "Show pres and convect as". Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Numbering. ( Table Names off on). OK. CNVTAB . . 6:
. ) OK. . ,
.
149
1.
Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> New Analysis. . 2. , “Steady-State” OK. 3. Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time and Substps. . 4. 60 "Time at end of load step." ( ). 5. 1 “Number of substeps.” ( ). 6. Stepped. OK. 7. Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> DB/Results File. . , "Item to be controlled" "All items.". 8. "File write frequency" ( ) "Every substep" ( ). OK. 9. Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS. . , . 10. Solve Current Load Step ( ) OK . "Solution is done!". Close. 7: 1. 2.
. Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> Last Set. Utility Menu> List> Loads> Surface Loads> On All Nodes. SFLIST. Close. Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Numbering. . Table Names. Numeric contour. OK. Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Symbols. . "Surface Load Symbols" ( ), "Convect FilmCoef." ( ). "Show pres and convect as" ( "Arrows." ( ) OK. Utility Menu>Plot>Elements. Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu. . , DOF Solution Temperature . OK.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ), 9. 10. 11.
8:
.
1.
. ANSYS (ANSYS Toolbar).
QUIT OK.
3. 3.1.
. . ANSYS:
• •
Multiphysics; Mechanical; 150
• •
Professional; FLOTRAN. , . .
–
,
,
,
.
,
–
. , .
,
. Function Tool. Function Tool
, , .
,
.
Function Tool Function Boundary Conditions ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide
Applying Loads Using
,
“
”
, . ,
.
, . .
3.2. Э
, . ,
,
.
Steady-State Thermal Analysis. ANSYS
, ANSYS
Commands Reference.
3.3.
. 151
: • • •
. . .
.
. ,
,
.
3.4.
. .
ANSYS
,
,
.
(PREP7) ANSYS
: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
. . . . (
-
).
. ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide.
3.5.
. .
3.5.1.
. :
• •
Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> New Analysis> Transient. ,
ANTYPE,TRANSIENT,NEW. ( , ANTYPE,TRANSIENT,REST. Jobname.ESAV and Jobname.DB
), , .
3.5.2.
. :
• •
; . 152
3.5.2.1.
. , ,
,
.
: : TUNIF GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Uniform Temp ,
.
: : TREF GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Settings> Reference Temp
. , ,
:
: D GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Temperature> On Nodes – .
,
, :
: DDELE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Delete> Thermal> Temperature> On Nodes 153
3.5.2.2.
. (
) . GUI:
: IC GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Initial Condit'n> Define
. , .
, ,
: : ICLIST GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Initial Condit'n> List Picked , , . : • • • •
•
(
,
,
. ). TIMINT,OFF,THERM (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time-Time Integration) . TIME (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time-Time Step) . (e.g. 1E-6 seconds). (ramped) (stepped) KBC (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time-Time Step). (ramped) , . LSWRITE (Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Write LS File).
. TIMINT,ON,THERM
. 154
D, DDELE, LSWRITE, SF, TIME,
TIMINT
ANSYS Commands Reference.
3.5.3.
. , .
3.5.3.1.
. , ,
( )
(
) . :
• • • • •
; ; ; ; . :
1.
. : TIME GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time-Time Step
2.
stepped
ramped.
: KBC GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time-Time Step 3. 4.
. : : LSWRITE 155
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Write LS File 5.
1–4
(
).
(
), 0
. : 1.
( , ), Applying Loads Using TABLE Type Array Parameters
TABLE, Basic Analysis Guide 2.
ANSYS
(AUTOTS,ON). (DELTIM) (NSUBST).
3.
. .
,
, , ,
.
: TSRES GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time-Time Step Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time and Sub Stps (
),
,
, .
, TSRES, DELTIM
,
NSUBST.
(FREQ = %array% array –
), ,
FREQ
TSRES DELTIM,DTIME
, ,
NSUBST,NSBSTP. 1.5, 2, 10, 14.1, 15, ,
FREQ
1, 2, 10, 14, 16 ( ) DTIME = .2, FREQ
14
OUTRES, TSRES),
(
TSRES
. 14.1
, 0.2; 14.2.
TSRES
, FREQ
156
TSRES
, AUTOTS,ON. (AUTOTS,OFF), TSRES
.
: *DIM GUI: Utility Menu> Parameters> Array Parameters> Define/Edit ,
, (
TIME). , [DELTIM,DTIME]
.
[NSUBST,NSBSTP].
4.
n×1, ( ,
, ).
, .
,
. OUTRES. : OUTRES GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Ouput Ctrls> DB/Results File
. TSRES ,
, ,
, FLUID116
: • • • • • • • •
LINK31 LINK32 LINK33 PLANE35 MATRIX50 PLANE55 SHELL57 PLANE67 (
) 157
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
LINK68 ( SOLID69 ( SOLID70 MASS71 PLANE75 PLANE77 SOLID87 SOLID90 FLUID116 SURF151 SURF152 SHELL157 TARGE169 TARGE170 CONTA171 CONTA172 CONTA173 CONTA174 3.5.3.2.
) )
. :
•
. (
)
. (NSUBST) (TIME). (
, (DELTIM)
).
SOLCONTROL
ANSYS Commands Reference. (
)
:
: SOLCONTROL GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Sol'n Controls •
. . ,
1.0.
,
1.0
,
. :
158
: TIME GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time and SubstpsMain Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time-Time Step •
, .
. . (
,
) ,
. , .
,
(
), ANSYS
: ITS = ∆ / 4 α
(
)
2
∆
(
)
α
. ,
k/varrhoc. , varrho –
, –
(ITS = ∆2 / 4 α) , ANSYS, , . “ ”
,
k .
,
.
. , .
(
1E-10)
ANSYS. : : NSUBST or DELTIM 159
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Freq and Substps or Time and Substps Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time-Time Step (stepped) .
, (ramp)
,
(
)
. : : KBC GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time and SubstpsMain Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc> Time-Time StepMain Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/ Frequenc>Freq and Substps
3.5.4.
. ANSYS
Full Quasi
. .
– . (
). . .
Linear . . ANSYS Quasi Linear
THOPT. ICCG and JCG. EQSLV.
Quasi ,
, . 0.05, .
Quasi .
(
64), .
5%
, ( MPTEMP) THOPT.
160
: THOPT GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Analysis Type> Analysis Options , .
:
•
.
.
, 15 – 26
SOLCONTROL,ON, . ,
:
: NEQIT GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Equilibrium Iter •
. . ANSYS . , .
.
THOPT,Quasi . ,
. , . , . NSUBST ,
DELTIM. .
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time-Time Step : 161
: AUTOTS GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time and Substps Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time-Time Step ,
, ,
:
: TINTP GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time Integration •
. , .
. . , ANSYS . : : TIMINT GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time Integration •
.
. ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference. , (
THETA)
1.0. : 162
: TINTP GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc> Time Integration •
Д
.
ANSYS . (
, . CNVTOL)
VALUE
VALUE × TOLER.
( ,
TOLER).
500
0.001, 0.5
. , ANSYS
( ∆T = Ti -Ti-1) , 0.5 .
.
, ANSYS . (
)
. : : CNVTOL GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Convergence Crit , ANSYS ( , (GST)
). ,
. GST .
GST: :
/GST GUI: 163
Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> Grph Solu Track •
. ANSYS , ANSYS
, . :
: NCNV GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Criteria to Stop •
. ANSYS –
.
:
: LNSRCH GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Line Search •
–
. . :
: PRED GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Predictor
3.5.5.
. . :
•
164
(Jobname.OUT). : OUTPR GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> Solu Printout •
, ,
ANSYS
(Jobname.RTH). : OUTRES GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Output Ctrls> DB/Results File
3.6.
. , .
,
:
: SAVE GUI: Utility Menu>File>Save As Utility Menu>File>Save Jobname.db , : : RESUME GUI: Utility Menu>File>Resume Jobname.db Utility Menu>File>Resume from 165
3.6.1.
. : :
LSSOLVE GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Solve> From LS Files
. ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide SOLUTION, : : FINISH GUI: Main Menu>Finish
3.7.
.
ANSYS Jobname.RTH.
( ):
• • • • • •
(TEMP) (TFX, TFY, TFZ, TFSUM). (TGX, TGY, TGZ, TGSUM). . .
3.7.1.
. :
• •
(
, POST1 (Main Menu>General Postproc.). POST1 ( ) . POST26 ) . POST26 ,
. 166
. ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide.
. ,
ANSYS .
Jobname.RTH.
3.7.2.
. POST1, .
:
: SET GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> By Time/Freq , ANSYS
ANSYS .
, .
ANSYS .
: GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> By Load Step
Д .
3.7.3. . ( .
POST26 ) 1
. ANSYS . POST26,
.
167
•
, : : NSOL GUI: Main Menu>TimeHist Postproc>Define Variables
•
, : : ESOL GUI: Main Menu>TimeHist Postproc>Define Variables
•
, : : RFORCE GUI: Main Menu>TimeHist Postproc>Define Variables , PLVAR (Main Menu> TimeHist Postproc> Graph Variables). . : : EXTREM GUI: Main Menu>TimeHist Postproc>List Extremes , .
168
POST26
, , ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide.
. .
3.8.
. ,
ANSYS ,
. .
ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide.
3.8.1.
. :
PLESOL GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Element Solu : PLETAB GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Elem Table : PLNSOL GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu
3.8.2.
. :
PLVECT GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Vector Plot> Pre-defined or User-defined
169
3.8.3.
. :
PRESOL GUI: Main Menu>General Postproc>List Results>Element Solution : PRNSOL GUI: Main Menu>General Postproc>List Results>Nodal Solution : PRRSOL GUI: Main Menu>General Postproc>List Results>Reaction Solu
3.9.
(
). ,
ANSYS, ,
. ,
: •
;
, ,
,
. . ,
•
.
•
. ,
, . ,
: •
; ,
(
) .
(
). 170
.
,
/
,
: H=
pc(T)dT – C(T)
;
–
.
•
, . , .
•
, SOLID70.
, KEYOPT ).
, •
, (
•
.
PLANE55 (
THETA = 1,
THETA = 0.5).
,
: : LNSRCH GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Nonlinear> Line Search
171
3.10.
. .
3.10.1.
. .
. L
4
.
, .
. . .
3.10.2.
. (
),
(KXX) (DENS)
,
:
0.025 Btu/(hr-in-F) 0.054 lb/in3 172
(C)
0.28 Btu/(lb- °F) (KXX):
0 °F
1.44 Btu/(hr-in- °F)
2643 °F
1.54
2750 °F
1.22
2875 °F
1.22 (ENTH):
0 °F
0.0 Btu/in3
2643 °F
128.1
2750 °F
163.8
2875 °F
174.2 2875 °F 80 °F 0.014 Btu/(hr-in2- °F) 80 °F .
.
, . .
3.10.3.
GUI
. Thermal Tutorial.
3.10.4.
. ANSYS (
,
. )
. /TITLE,
!
/PREP7 K,1,0,0,0 K,2,22,0,0
173
K,3,10,12,0 K,4,0,12,0 /TRIAD,OFF
!
/REPLOT ! A,1,2,3,4
!
SAVE RECTNG,4,22,4,8
!
APLOT
!
AOVLAP,1,2
!
ADELE,3,,,1
!
№3
SAVE ! MP,DENS,1,0.054
!
MP,KXX,1,0.025 MP,C,1,0.28 ! MPTEMP,1,0,2643,2750,2875,,,
!
MPDATA,KXX,2,1,1.44,1.54,1.22,1.22,,, MPDATA,ENTH,2,1,0,128.1,163.8,174.2 MPPLOT,KXX,2,,,,,
!
MPPLOT,ENTH,2,,,,,
!
SAVE ! ET,1,PLANE55
!
PLANE55
! SAVE SMRT,5
!
5
174
MSHAPE,0,2D
!
MSHKEY,0
!
AMESH,5
!
.
,
5
! TYPE,1
!
MAT,2
!
REAL
!
ESYS,0
!
AMESH,4
!
1 2
,
4
! SAVE SFL,1,CONV,0.014,,80,,
!
SFL,3,CONV,0.014,,80,, SFL,4,CONV,0.014,,80,, SAVE FINISH /SOLU ! ANTYPE,4
!
SOLCONTROL,ON,0 !
! .
! APLOT ASEL,S,,,4
!
NSLA,S,1
!
NPLOT
4
,
.
!
IC,ALL,TEMP,2875 NSEL,INVE
,
! !
2875F ,
5
175
/REPLOT
!
IC,ALL,TEMP,80
!
ALLSEL,ALL
!
80F
SAVE ! TIME,3
!
AUTOTS,-1
!
DELTIM,0.01,0.001,0.25,1
!
KBC,0
!
! OUTRES,ALL,ALL
!
SAVE /STAT,SOLU
!
/REPLOT
!
APLOT
!
SOLVE FINISH ! /POST26
!
EPLOT
!
cntr_pt=node(16,6,0)
!
NSOL,2,cntr_pt,TEMP,,center
!
PLVAR,2
cntr_pt
!
FINISH /EOF
3.11.
. ANSYS,
ANSYS Verification Manual
Heat Transfer
Training Manual, . 176
, ,
,
,
. .
, (724) 514-2882. ANSYS Verification Manual ANSYS. Manual, .
, ,
ANSYS Verification . ANSYS,
, . ANSYS Verification Manual
.
VM28 – VM94 –
.
VM104 –
(
VM109 - Т
а
)
ы
а
х а
я
а.
VM110 – VM111 – VM112 VM113 VM115 – VM116 –
.
VM159 – VM192 –
.
4.
.
4.1.
? –
.
/
. . ,
, ,
4.2.
, .
. ANSYS .
:
177
•
LINK31
,
.
•
SURF151 . AUX12
•
SURF152
, •
( Professional).
, ,
3D (2D) .
3D (2D)
( Multiphysics, Mechanical
,
Multiphysics, Mechanical
,
Professional).
,
,
. .
4.3.
. ,
•
:
: ,
.
ANSYS
,
. ANSYS . .
•
: ,
. . .
•
: ,
I, J. .
,
(
ANSYS
)
Hemicube
•
. :
,
,
, . ANSYS .
“ (
”
, ).
“
”
,
. : = + •
=1 –
:
–
178
. .
•
: . .
, .
,
460°,
,
273°.
•
:
,
,
ANSYS . .
•
:
,
,
,
•
. : , . ANSYS. ,
, .
4.4.
LINK31.
LINK31
, . :
• • • •
.
-
. LINK31 .
4.5.
. , .
ANSYS SURF152
: SURF151 .
KEYOPT(9)
. (
1)
4.6.
KEYOPT(9) = 1.
( AUX12). 179
, ANSYS
. Multiphysics, Mechanical
Thermal. (
-
)
.
4.6.1.
. :
1. 2. 3.
. . .
4.6.1.1.
. ,
LINK32
SHELL57
.
: 1.
(PREP7). , . . .
2.
SHELL57 ,
LINK32 . , :
180
: ESURF GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Surf/Contact> Surf Effect> General Surface> Extra Node Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Surf/Contact> Surf Effect> General Surface> No extra Node ,
. ,
. .
. , (
SHELL57
)
LINK32,
. . .
“
”
(
Z LINK32.
, )
SHELL57
Y
, ,
, . ,
:
. 181
3.
. ,
. .
.
,
.
4.6.1.2.
. :
• • • •
,
. (2-D
3-D) –
. (
).
•
. :
1.
AUX12
:
: /AUX12 GUI: Main Menu>Radiation Opt 2.
, (elements by type) attached nodes). Menu> Select> Entities ,
3.
ESEL,S,TYPE .
. (all GUI Utility NSLE. :
: GEOM 182
GUI: Main Menu>Radiation Opt> Matrix Method> Other Settings AUX12 . . NDIV
(
= 0),
(
NDIV
> 0),
. ANSYS ,
NDIV.
10
, NDIV =
, 36
4.
. ,
,
.
1. : EMIS GUI: Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Matrix Method> Emissivities 5.
– . 0.119E-10 Btu/hr-in2-R4 (
–
5.67E-8 W/m2-K4). : STEF GUI: Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Matrix Method> Other Settings 6.
: : VTYPE GUI: Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Matrix Method> Write Matrix :
•
.
183
•
( “ “
)
”
(“
”
”
). : “ ).
( “
” ”
. , . . NZONE
. Write
VTYPE
Matrix. : : SPACE GUI: Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Matrix Method> Other Settings 7.
WRITE
Write Matrix
Jobname.SUB.
,
. WRITE
8.
MPRINT,1. :
: ALLSEL GUI: Utility Menu>Select>Everything .
4.6.1.3.
. ,
ANSYS (PREP7)
. 1.
: :
: /PREP7 184
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor MATRIX50 (
)
.
2.
: : TYPE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Elem Attributes
3.
: : SE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Superelements> From .SUB File
4.
SHELL57 LINK32
: :
EDELE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Delete> Elements (
).
5. 6.
(SOLUTION). : : D, F GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> option
185
( ),
. .
7.
, .
4.6.2.
. , . .
4.6.2.1.
. ,
, . ,
,
.
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ANSYS/FLOTRAN 1. 1.1.
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2.1.1.8
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.
X – Y. .
ANSYS ,
FLUID141 FLUID141. FLOTRAN CFD, , .
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2.1.2.2 Э [MAT] .
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f=
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(
C=
): RE = (ρ V Dh)
(1/length2).
FLOTRAN . ENKE = 0
, .
ENDS = 1 .
ANSYS
Power Law, Bingham
Carreau.
ANSYS . User Programmable Features ( ).
2.1.2.4
UserVisLaw ANSYS
ANSYS Guide to
.
209
.
, ,
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C3
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2.1.2.5 Э [MAT]
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FLUID142 I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P VX, VY, VZ, PRES, TEMP, ENKE, ENDS . Д
: KXX, KYY, KZZ, C, DENS
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R4
R5
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TYPE = 1,2 –
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1/L
X
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X
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L X
L 211
C3
TYPE = 4 –
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a R6
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R12
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FLUID142 . ANSYS
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–
.
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TRNOPT FLOTRAN . FLDATA32,REST. DK
FLOTRAN FLOTRAN
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
:
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. .
2.3.1.
. . .
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,
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. 218
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,
,
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, , .
FLOTRANa.
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jobname.pv_0000n
2.4.1.
. FLOTRANe
ANSYS. ANSYS
Jobname.RFL.
,
, 219
. , FLDATA5,OUTP (ANSYS Commands Reference). ANSYS FLOTRAN. : , ,
,
. ANSYS (
), .
Jobname.RFL.
, . , . , . ,
. . ,
:
: FLDATA2,ITER,OVER,Value GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl , : : FLDATA2,ITER,APPE,Value GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl
2.4.2.
(Jobname.PFL) FLOTRAN,
Jobname.PFL
. SOLVE
. .
,
,
,
. .
2.4.3.
. , Jobname.RDF,
, ,
. ,
. , . ,
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,
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220
(
). . : : FLDATA5,OUTP,RESI,TRUE
GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN SetUp> Additional Out> Residual File , FLREAD (Main Menu> General Postproc> FLOTRAN 2.1A). , ( , TEMP PRES ).
2.4.4.
. FLOTRAN .
. Jobname.CFD. FLOTRAN
ANSYS ( ). :
Jobname.CFD
: FLDATA32,REST,RFIL,T GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Restart Options> CFD Restart File (TRUE) (FALSE) RFIL. , ANSYS , FLOTRAN . . , .CFD , . : : FLDATA32,REST,WFIL,T GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Restart Options> CFD Restart File , FLOTRAN RFIL. FLDATA32,REST,RFIL,TRUE
,
, ,
Jobname.CFD.
2.4.5. . ,
,
, ANSYS.
, ,
– ,
,
.
2.4.6.
FLOTRAN .
221
, Jobname.RFL .RFL. (Label = NSET), / (Label = LSTP),
(Label = ITER),
(Label = TIME).
:
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ITER, LSTP
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,
, .
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Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Restart Options> Restart/Iteratio (or Restart/Load step, Restart/Set, etc.) , ANSYS ( ) . , ANSYS Jobname.RSO , Jobname.RFL. Jobname.RSO , Value FLDATA32,REST . FLOTRAN , Value.
2.5. ANSYS .
2.5.1.
. ,
, .
0.0
(
)
1.0
.
: : FLDATA25,RELX,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> DOF Relaxation Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Prop Relaxation Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> DOF Relaxation Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Prop Relaxation
FLDATA25,RELX ANSYS Commands Reference
2.5.2.
. ,
.
,
, . , .
. 222
(MOME), (TURB),
(PRES) :
(TEMP). : FLDATA26,STAB,Label,Value GUI:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms , . 1.0
2.5.3.
1.0×10-7.
. . (MOME),
(TURB)
(TEMP).
:
: FLDATA34,MIR,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> MIR Stabilization Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> MIR Stabilization ,
, .
0.1
1.0.
.
2.5.4.
. . , .
, . :
: FLDATA26,STAB,VISC,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms
2.5.5.
. . 223
,
,
(VY, VY, VZ, PRES, TEMP). :
: FLDATA31,CAPP GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Results Capping Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Results Capping “
”
,
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.
.
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2.6.
FLOTRAN
224
, FLOTRAN
.
2.6.1.
. ,
FLOTRAN , , .
,
, . . ,
ANSYS,
Multiphysics
FLOTRAN , . ANSYS .
,
ANSYS .
,
, . ,
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.)
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2.6.2.
.
ANSYS . (PRES),
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(TEMP), (ENDS) (SP01-SP06). : ,
,
-
( -1)
,
. .
.
,
,
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. GST
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. ) GST
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225
,
ANSYS
GST.
(a) b
, (b) ANSYS
,
. .
• •
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. 226
• • •
• •
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“ ( GST
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,
.
/ GST FLOTRANe, .
) : ,
,
, GST
, FLOTRAN, ANSYS Thermal Analysis Guide, ANSYS Electromagnetic Field Analysis Guide, ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide. GST 10 ( 10 , 10 ). ANSYS STOP. , . SOLVE Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN. , , .
2.6.3.
FLOTRANa. , .
,
:
: FLDATA3,TERM,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl ,
ANSYS Commands Reference.
,
. . FLOTRAN
Transient Analyses. FLOTRAN
,“ ” ANSYS . "terminate".
,
Jobname.ABT
Windows, Jobname.ABT. Jobname.ABT.
FLOTRAN
, FLOTRAN
,
Jobname.RFL,
2.7.
.
Jobname.PFL
FLOTRAN ,
1. 2.
: ? ?
, , .
, , , 227
.
,
,
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. ANSYS
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Jobname.PFL.
FLOTRAN .
,
. :
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: FLDATA5,OUTP,SUMF,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Additional Out> RFL Out Derived Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Additional Out> RFL Out Derived ,
Value
ANSYS
Jobname.PFL.
, ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide
Mapping Results onto
. .
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.
,
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228
7.
, . : : FLDATA29,MODV GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Mod Res/Quad Ord> Modify Results Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Mod Res/Quad Ord> Modify Results
229
3. FLOTRAN 3.1.
. . .
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GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence> Turbulence Param , , (ENKE) (ENDS) . ENKE ENDS , (ININ), (INSF), .
ININ
INSF
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: : FLDATA24,TURB,ININ,Value FLDATA24,TURB,INSF,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence> Turbulence Param
3.5.
.
FLOTRAN 1. 2. 3. 4. k-ε 5. 6.
: k-ε . Zero Equation (ZeroEq) Re-Normalized Group (RNG) Shih (NKE) Girimaji (GIR) Shih, Zhu, Lumley (SZL) :
: FLDATA1,SOLU,TURB,T GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Solution Options 232
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Solution Options : : FLDATA24,TURB,MODL,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model k-ε
.
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. ANSYS Commands Reference ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference. 3.5.1.
k-e
(
k-ε
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–
. k-ε
.
. k-ε
:
: FLDATA24,TURB,MODL,1 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model Cµ, C1, C2, SCTK SCTD k-ε , : Cµ k-ε
. C1 C2 SCTK – SCTD –
k-ε k-ε
. . . . Cµ, C1, C2, SCTK
SCTD
k-ε
: 233
: FLDATA24,TURB,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model KAPP, EWILL, WALL, VAND : FLDATA24,TURB,Label,Value
TRAN,
:
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Wall Parameters Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Wall Parameters BETA - ,
BUC3, BUC4, and BETA, : FLDATA24,TURB,Label,Value
:
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Buoyancy Terms Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Buoyancy Terms ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference ANSYS Commands Reference. 3.5.2.
Zero Equation (ZeroEq) Zero Equation (ZeroEq) .
. ,
180°. Zero Equation (ZeroEq),
:
: FLDATA24,TURB,MODL,2 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model , . 2 . ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference ANSYS Commands Reference 3.5.3.
Re-Normalized Group (RNG) Re-Normalized Group (RNG) ( ,
180°). SZL,
,
RNG RNG
. : 234
: FLDATA24,TURB,MODL,3 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model RNG , FLDATA24A,RNGT GUI. RNG k-ε . Cµ, C1, C2, SCTK, SCTD k-ε . : BETA – RNG, ETAI -
. (wall parameters)
,
k-ε
. ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference
ANSYS Commands
Reference. 3.5.4.
k- ε
Shih (NKE) k-ε
Shih (NKE)
NKE GIR NKE : FLDATA24,TURB,MODL,4
k-ε
C µ, . .
:
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model NKE , FLDATA24B,NKET GUI. NKE k-ε . C2, SCTK, SCTD kε . : C1MX 1 . , k-ε . ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference ANSYS Commands Reference. 3.5.5.
Girimaji (GIR) Girimaji (GIR) . GIR NKE GIR
. :
: FLDATA24,TURB,MODL,5 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model 235
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model , FLDATA24C,GIRT GUI. GIR k - ε . . SCTK SCTD k-ε . : G0 -
.
G1 G2 -
. C2.
G3 -
C3.
G4 -
C4.
, k-ε ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference
. ANSYS Commands
Reference. 3.5.6.
Shih, Zhu, Lumley (SZL) SZL
,
NKE
GIR. . SZL,
RNG. , SZL
RNG, NKE
GIR.
SZL
,
, . SZL
:
: FLDATA24,TURB,MODL,6 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Turbulence> Turbulence Model SZL FLDATA24D,SZLT GUI. SZL k - ε . . SCTK SCTD k-ε . : SZL1 (Aszl1) – ( ), Cµ. SZL2 (Aszl2) SZL3 (Aszl3) –
(
), .
Cµ. , k-ε ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference
. ANSYS Commands
Reference.
3.6. 236
,
. ,
, ,
.
.
MSHAPE,0,2D
MSHKEY,1.
.
MSHAPE,1,2D MSHKEY,0. . "Log Law of the Wall", Y+ . Y+ (YPLU). + Y 30 1000. , 5000. FLOTRAN Y+ 30 , , . .
.
,
237
Y+
,
1, +
.
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, 5000
.
,
.
,
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,
. .
3.7.
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, (VX, VY, VZ
. PRES)
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(
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, . :
: D GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> boundary condition type , : : DA DL GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> boundary condition type> On Areas
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> boundary condition type> On Areas Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> boundary condition type> On Lines Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> boundary condition type> On Lines , ( ,
). GUI . , . . . . ,
, . .
: . . :
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0)
. 238
.
ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference. / .
.
. .
– . , FLOTRAN . . ,
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.
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. :
,
.
239
,
:
. PERI,DX,DY,DZ,
.
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DZ
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2
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. ,
: .
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,
. (v –
):
,
,
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1
. :
INSF
. ININ
INSF
:
: FLDATA24,TURB,ININ,Value and FLDATA24,TURB,INSF,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence> Turbulence Param Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence> Turbulence Param 240
(ENKE) (ENDS)
FLDATA24.
, . (ENKE)
(ENDS)
1.0.
. ENDS
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. FLOTRAN
:
.
, .
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3.8. / .
, .
1.
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: FLDATA1,SOLU,TURB,T GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Solution Options Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Solution Options 2. , . 5000.
,
Y+
241
Y+
:
: FLDATA5,OUTPUT,YPLU,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Additional Out> RFL Out Derived Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Additional Out> RFL Out Derived 3.
. 0.01 ( ). : : FLDATA26,STAB,TURB,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms 4. 0.5. 0.2, . : : FLDATA25,RELX,PRES,Value FLDATA25,RELX,VX (or VY, VZ),Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> DOF Relaxation Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> DOF Relaxation 5. ( ). ( ), 107. : : FLDATA24,TURB,RATI,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence> Turbulence Param Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence> Turbulence Param 6. , . , . , 0.1 0.0 , . 7. , . ( ) . , . : :
,
.
242
FLDATA31,CAPP,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Results Capping Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Results Capping FLDATA31, Label , VELO ( ), TEMP ( ). Value , (T or F) . . . 8. , , 10-18
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, . Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) .
243
4. FLOTRAN 4.1. , .
,
/ . , . : : FLDATA1,SOLU,TEMP,TRUE GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options FLOTRAN . . FLDATA1 ANSYS Commands Reference (
4.2.
, ANSYS).
. ANSYS , .
,
4.3.
,
.
,
.
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: : MP GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Other> Change Mat Props Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models> CFD> Conductivity> Isotropic Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models> CFD> Specific Heat Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Other> Change Mat Props
4.4. ANSYS
:
1. 2. 3.
. . . 244
4. . 5.
– .
6.
(
).
,
, . .
( Applying Loads Using ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide). ( Applying Loads Using Function Boundary ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide). FLOTRAN .
TABLE Type Array Parameters Conditions
4.4.1.
. ,
FLOTRAN
. GUI
. GUI
(TEMP) (CONV), (RAD),
(HFLU),
D
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Temperature
SF
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Convection
-
(RDSF)
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Heat Flux Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Ambient Rad Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Surface Rad (HGEN)
BF
,
,
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Fluid/CFD> Heat Generat
.
4.4.1.1.
. , FLOTRAN . FLOTRAN.
/
D
DDELE
DLIST
-
-
SFL
SFLDELE
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-
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SFA
SFADELE
SFALIST
SFTRAN
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SFDELE
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SFE
SFEDELE
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SFSCALE
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SFE
SFEDELE
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SFSCALE
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BFL
BFLDELE
BFLLIST
BFTRAN
-
, , , -
245
BFA
BFADELE
BFALIST
BFTRAN
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BFV
BFVDELE
BFVLIST
BFTRAN
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/
BF
BFDELE
BFLIST
-
-
/
BFE
BFEDELE
BFELIST
BFSCALE
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4.4.1.2.
GUI
, , Solution Menu ( ) (Apply, Delete, . ), (temperature, heat flux, etc.), (node, line, or area) , , GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Temperature> On Lines GUI: Utility Menu> List> Loads> load type 4.4.1.3.
GUI. .
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, ANSYS ,
: 246
: FLDATA14,TEMP,BULK,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions , ,
.
,
, SF.
. –
STEF ( (
0.119E-10 Btu/hr/in2/R4).
, )
1.0. / “
”
, /
,
.
. , , FLOTRAN
, .
4.5.
. , .
4.5.1.
. . ,
. , 1,
:
: FLDATA25,RELX,TEMP,1.0 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap/DOF Relaxation Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap/Prop Relaxation Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap/DOF Relaxation Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap/Prop Relaxation . FLOTRAN CFD .
4.5.2.
,
, .
,
. 247
,
. ,
, .
(
, 100 /
,
2 ). FLOTRAN .
: : FLDATA1,SOLU,IVSH,T GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options
4.5.3.
,
. ,
.
. :
•
: : ACEL GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Gravity Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Gravity
•
: : FLDATA13,VARY,Label,TRUE (Label = ) GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid properties , . ,
(
. ,
)/10,
4.5.4.
TDMA. 100.
. /
, .
, TDMA, TDMA
. :
: FLDATA18,METH,TEMP,1 GUI: 248
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> Temp Solver CFD Conjugate Residual , Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA). : FLDATA18,METH,TEMP,2
:
GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> Temp Solver CFD , ( FLDATA18 conjugate residual .
ANSYS Commands Reference). ,
Preconditioned Conjugate Residual, , TDMA Conjugate Residual. PCR , 30. : : FLDATA18,METH,TEMP,3 GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> Temp Solver CFD
,
, Jobname.RFL
, (DENS)
. Conjugate Residual Preconditioned Conjugate Residual Jobname.DBG ( FLOTRAN CFD Solvers and the Matrix Equation). Preconditioned Generalized Minimum Residual. : : FLDATA18,METH,TEMP,4 GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> Temp Solver CFD Preconditioned Generalized Minimum Residual (PGMR) . PGMR , PCCR, , , . PGMR 1.E-10. , FLOTRAN 1.E-10. 1.E-20. , , 12 . PGMR 12 , 12 – 20 . FLOTRAN . ( ) KXX, KYY KZZ . FLOTRAN
249
.
FLOTRAN . :
: MP or MPDATA GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Other> Change Mat Props Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models> CFD> Conductivity> Orthotropic Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Other> Change Mat Props Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Load Step Opts> Other> Change Mat Props
,
, . , /
.
: : FLDATA1,SOLU,FLOW,F GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options : FLDATA1,SOLU,TEMP,T GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options : FLDATA25,RELX,TEMP,1.0 GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> DOF Relaxation : FLDATA2,ITER,EXEC,1 GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl : FLDATA18,METH,TEMP,3 GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Contr> TEMP Solver CFD , . FLOTRAN .
: . 250
. .
, . .
: : FLDATA37,ALGR,HFLM,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Algorithm Ctr Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Algorithm Ctr
4.6.
. ,
Jobname.PFL
.
, . .
.
,
Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) Monotone Streamline Upwind (MSU). , Collocated Galerkin
, (COLG).
–
.
,
,
,
. TOFFST.
, ,
“
”
. ,
,
. . . ,
. ,
. ,
.
(
)
.
,
“ .
”
,
. , , . FLOTRAN
. .
,
. . , 251
. ,
,
–
,
.
4.7. Radiosity
–
,
FLOTRAN
– ,
. FLUID142.
FLOTRAN FLUID141 .
FLDATA1, SOLU,
RDSF. X
Y
. R-Theta
2-D
4.7.1.
3-D
R-Theta-Z
.
. Radiosity
:
6. 7. 8. 9.
. . . . 4.7.1.1.
. :
4.
(PREP7). ,
, .
,
Radiosity .
Radiosity
, SF, SFA, SFE, or SFL , . .
5.
.
,
, SF,
SFA, SFE, or SFL
VALUE = -N.
(N – FLUID141
,
). FLUID142
, .
. “ – ,
”
, . 252
6.
,
, .
:
: /PSF GUI: Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Symbols SHELL57
SHELL157,
. SF, SFA, or SFE. 4.7.1.2.
. ,
–
.
:
: STEF GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Radiation Opts> Solution Opt Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> Solution Opt Main Menu> Solution> Radiation Opts> Solution Opt , ,
. : : TOFFST GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>Radiation Opts>Solution Opt Main Menu>Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> Solution Opt Main Menu>Solution> Radiation Opts> Solution Opt , , ) . . : RADOPT GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>Radiation Opts>Solution Opt Main Menu>Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> Solution Opt Main Menu>Solution> Radiation Opts> Solution Opt ,
( :
. : : SPCTEMP GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>Radiation Opts>Solution Opt Main Menu>Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> Solution Opt Main Menu>Solution> Radiation Opts> Solution Opt SPCTEMP
. .
, :
:
253
SPCNOD GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>Radiation Opts>Solution Opt Main Menu>Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> Solution Opt Main Menu>Solution> Radiation Opts> Solution Opt ( ) SPCNOD
, . .
SPCNOD. . .
SPCNOD
4.7.1.3.
.
: : HEMIOPT GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Radiation Opts> View Factor Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> View Factor Main Menu> Solution> Radiation Opts> View Factor HEMIOPT Hemicube.
10. .
: V2DOPT GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Radiation Opts> View Factor Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> View Factor Main Menu> Solution> Radiation Opts> View Factor V2DOPT . , ). (20 . ( ) ( 200).
( )
. : : VFOPT GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Radiation Opts> View Factor Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> View Factor Main Menu> Solution> Radiation Opts> View Factor VFOPT, Opt (Opt = NEW). ( SOLVE
, (Opt = OFF). )
/SOLU.
SOLVE, ANSYS
, VFOPT. 254
4.7.1.4.
. –
. . :
: VFCALC GUI: Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> Compute , . : VFQUERY GUI: Main Menu> Radiation Opt> Radiosity Meth> Query *GET,Par,RAD,,VFAVG.
4.8. FLOTRAN
,
, ,
:
,
.
4.8.1.
. ,
.
, ,
–
,
FLUID141.
,
,
,
,
. .
, , . 1.01E+05, Ra = g :
∆TL3 ρ2Cp/k µ
:
255
g= = 1/T ∆T = THOT - TCOLD L= ρ= Cp = k= µ= :
• • • •
9.81 m/s2 1.0135E+05 Pa
0.03m x 0.03m;
: :
293K; ,
:
SI (Vx = Vy = 0); THOT = 320K; TCOLD = 280K
:
4.8.2.
(
GUI).
: 1:
. ANSYS
: GUI Utility Menu> File> Change Title.
1.
. "Buoyancy driven flow in a square cavity." ( ). OK. Main Menu> Preferences. . FLOTRAN CFD . OK. FLOTRAN.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
2:
ANSYS
. FLUID141. :
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete. . Add. . FLOTRAN CFD "2D FLOTRAN 141." OK. ANSYS . Close.
2. 3. 4. 5. 3:
. ,
.
: 256
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Rectangle> By Dimensions. . 2. X coordinates 0.0, 0.03. 3. Y coordinates 0.0, 0.03. 4. OK. ANSYS. 4:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
,
/
Modeling>
,
Create>
Areas>
.
– . : Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> MeshTool. Size Controls ( ) Lines,Set. . Pick All ( ). . 25. OK. MeshTool Areas Mesh. Quad and Free. MESH. Pick All / . Close MeshTool. SAVE_DB, ANSYS. 5:
. ,
,
.
: 1.
Utility Menu> Select> Entities. .
2. 3. 4.
Nodes ( OK.
)
Exterior (
).
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Fluid/CFD> Velocity> On Nodes. . 5. Pick All ( ). . 6. 0 VX VY 7. OK. 6:
. . :
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Temperature> On Nodes. . 2. Box. , . 3. / . 4. OK. 5. 320 . 6. OK. 257
7.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Temperature> On Nodes. . 8. 2. 9. / . 10. OK. 11. 280 . 12. OK. 13. Utility Menu> Select> Everything. , . 14. SAVE_DB . 7:
. . , FLOTRAN: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options. . "Adiabatic or thermal?" Thermal.
1. 2. 3. 4.
OK.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl. . Global Iterations (EXEC) .RFL File Overwrite Freq ( .RFL ). Output summary frequency (SUMF).
200 50 50 OK. 8:
. :
1. 2. ( 3. 4. 5.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties. . AIR-SI "Density," "Viscosity," "Conductivity," "Specific heat" , , ). Yes "Allow density variations?" ( ?)/ Apply. . ,
OK. 9:
.
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Environment> Gravity. . 2. 9.81 "Accel in Y direction" ( 3. OK. 10:
1.
FLOTRAN
Set
Up>
Flow Y).
.
FLOTRAN. Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Contr> PRES Solver CFD. . 258
2. 3. 4.
TDMA. OK. . , "No. of TDMA sweeps for pressure" 100. OK. SAVE_DB . Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN.
5. 6. 7.
Solution is done. 11:
.
1. 2.
Main Menu> General PostProc> Read Results> Last Set. Main Menu> General PostProc> Plot Results> Contour Plot>
Nodal Solu. 3. "Item to be Contoured" 4. 5. OK.
DOF Solution TEMP.
12:
.
1.
Main Menu> General PostProc> Plot Results> Contour Plot> "Other quantities." "Strm func2D STRM" ( ).
Nodal Solu. 2. 3.
OK. .
259
13: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
. Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Device Options. Vector mode (On). OK. Main Menu> General PostProc> Plot Result> Vector Plot> Predefined. , "DOF solution" "Velocity" OK. .
14: , 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
,
(.03 x .03).
. Utility Menu> WorkPlane> WP Settings. 0.0005 Snap Increment ( ) Spacing 0.0001 ( ). Tolerance ( ) 0.00005. OK. Utility Menu> Plot> Elements. Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Flow Trace> Defi Trace Pt. 5 6 . OK . 260
10.
Main Menu> General Postproc> Plot Results> Flow Trace> Plot Flow Trace.
11. 12.
"Temperature TEMP". ANSYS
OK. . . ,
Close. . .
15: 1.
. Main Menu> General PostProc> Plot Results> Flow Trace> Plot Flow
Trace. 2. 3.
"VSUM." OK.
, , .
. Close.
,
4. PlotCtrls> Animate> Particle Flow. OK ( ). 5. , ANSYS
.
Utility Menu>
Quit
.
OK.
4.8.3.
.
/TITLE,Buoyancy driven flow in a square cavity /PREP7 ET,1,FLUID141 ! RECTNG,,0.03,,0.03 ! LPLOT LESIZE,ALL, , ,25,1,0 ! AMESH,1 EPLOT NSEL,S,EXT !
261
D,ALL,,,,,,VX,VY NSEL,S,NODE,,1 ! NSEL,A,NODE,,52 NSEL,A,NODE,,77,100 D,ALL,TEMP,320 NSEL,S,NODE,,2 ! NSEL,A,NODE,,27,51 D,ALL,TEMP,280 NSEL,ALL ESEL,ALL FLDATA1,SOLU,TEMP,1 ! FLDATA2,ITER,EXEC,200 ! FLDATA2,ITER,OVER,50 FLDATA5,OUTP,SUMF,50 !* FLDATA13,VARY,DENS,1 ! FLDATA7,PROT,DENS,AIR-SI FLDATA7,PROT,VISC,AIR-SI FLDATA7,PROT,COND,AIR-SI FLDATA8,NOMI,COND,-1 FLDATA7,PROT,SPHT,AIR-SI !* ACEL,0,9.81,0 ! FLDATA18,METH,PRES,1 ! FLDATA19,TDMA,PRES,100 FINISH /SOLU SOLVE ! FINISH /POST1 SET,LAST PLNSOL,TEMP ! PLNSOL,STRM ! /DEVICE,VECTOR,1 !* PLVECT,V, , , ,VECT,ELEM ! wpstyle,0.0005,0.0001,-1,1,0.00005,0,2,,5 EPLOT TRPOIN,P ! ! PLTRAC,FLUID,TEMP ! PLTRAC,FLUID,V,SUM !
P
FINISH
4.9. FLOTRAN (
). ,
,
,
( ,
–
radiosity). .
0.9. : /prep7 et, 1, 141 rectng, , .027744, , .027744 esize, , 20 amesh, all nsel, s, ext
! ! ! ! !
/
262
d, all,,,,,,vx,vy
!
allsel lsel, s, loc, x, 0.0 nsll, s, 1 d, all, temp, 500
! ! x = 0
lsel, s, loc, x, .027744 nsll, s, 1 d, all, temp, 200
500
! ! x = 0.027744
nsel, all esel, all fldata1, solu, temp, 1 fldata2, iter, exec, 200 fldata2, iter, over, 50 fldata5, outp, sumf, 50 ! fldata13, vary, dens, 1 fldata7, prot, dens, air-si fldata7, prot, visc, air-si fldata7, prot, cond, air-si fldata8, nomi, cond, -1 fldata7, prot, spht, air-si ! acel, 0, 9.81, 0 fldata18, meth, pres, 1 fldata19, tdma, pres, 100 fldata18, meth, temp, 6 stef,5.67e-8 toff,0 radopt,.5,0.0001 finish /solu allsel nsel,s,ext sf, all, rdsf, 0.9, -1
200
! !
!
!
! ! !
0 radiosity
! ! !
allsel solve finish /post1 set last plnsol, temp plnsol, strm
,
!
! !
4.10.
FLOTRAN FLOTRAN
CFD Tutorial.
Verification Manual VM46 –
ANSYS
:
VM121 VM178 – VM209 – VM219 –
.
263
5. : : FLDATA1,SOLU,TRAN,TRUE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options , ,
,
. :
: FLDATA4,TIME and FLDATA4A,STEP GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl , FLOTRAN .
5.1. FLOTRAN .
:
: FLDATA4A,TIME,STEP,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl , User Defined (
). .
>0
.
,
-1 -2 -3 -4
. / . , / . . –3 ( (
, ) )
, .
264
. , , FLOTRAN
. .
:
• •
. . ,
,
: : FLDATA4A,TIME,GLOB,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl : : FLDATA4,TIME,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl , ( , ,
. ), .
. .
5.2. , . : : FLDATA4,TIME,TEND,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl : : FLDATA4,TIME,NUMB,Value , ) Jobname.PFL
: FLDATA4,TIME,Label,Value
( . : FLDATA4A,STEP,Label,Value
GUI: 265
Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl , . . , , STEP,APPE,n
Jobname.RFL
TIME,APPE,x
n
Jobname.RFL
x
STEP,SUMF,n
Jobname.PFL n
TIME,SUMF,x
Jobname.PFL x
STEP,OVER,n
n
TIME,OVER,x
x
5.3.
. , FLOTRAN (
),
.
(ramp)
: : FLDATA4,TIME,BC,1 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Execution Control . : : FLDATA4,TIME,TEND,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Execution Control “ ” “ ” “ ” FLOTRAN , ( FLOCHECK) ( , . , TEND, . TIME STEP. – . ,
. .
),
, TEND,
. STEP,
TEND
. 266
106
TEND .
(VX, VY, VZ)
. ,
FLOTRAN
. “
”
: : FLOCHECK,2 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Setup> Flocheck FLOCHECK,2 Jobname.RFL.
. FLOTRAN ,
. ,
, FLOCHECK
“
” .
267
6.
.
6.1. ,
. (
).
(
,
,
0.3
)
0.7. .
,
: • • •
,
,
:
: R– – T–
; (Cp/Cv); . ,
-
. .
6.2.
. . ,
. :
: FLDATA14,TEMP,TTOT,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions ( ) . ( ), . . |V| :
(M):
. : : FLDATA17,GAMM,COMP, GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions 268
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions ANSYS .
. ,
“
”
, . , ,
6.3.
. , .
, ,
. . ,
, ,
. .
. ,
.
, .
, (
,
) . (
,
0). , ANSYS . ,
, .
6.4.
. , / –
,
,
. .
269
(a) (c)
, (b)
, . ( )
. , .
6.5.
,
. ,
-
,
. ,
.
. ,
, . , . . ( 1 psi,
, –13.7 psi
)
.
,
14.7 psi.
, . . . . ,
, . .
,
. , . . 270
,
.
,
3, 4
. ,
(
).
, .
6.5.1.
.
. 10
-3
-6
10 . .
. , ,
. 10-4
. RTR
Jobname.DBG.
. (
) .
. .
,
,
. , ,
,
.
6.6.
.
6.6.1. , ,
. 2.432 , 0.5 6.13769e+6 dynes/cm2.
. 6.6.1.1.
0.8
. ,
,
cm-g-sec. 6.6.1.2.
. ,
FLUID141. .
,
550 K. 6.13769e+6 dynes/cm2 VX
. VY
VY 0 20
.
,
10. 1, 0.1,
20 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001
0.00001.
0
0
140. 271
160
0.
300 100
0, . 400
6.7.
.
( ) .
1: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Utility Menu> File> Change Title. "Compressible Flow in a Converging Diverging Nozzle." OK. Main Menu> Preferences. FLOTRAN CFD OK.
2:
.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete. Add. "FLOTRAN CFD" "2D FLOTRAN 141." OK. Close.
3:
.
1. 2.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints> In Active CS. "Keypoint number (NPT)" ( ) 1 "Location in active CS (X and Y)" ( ) 0 2.432, . Apply ( ). 3. 2 (X, Y): 2 (0, 0), 3 (1, 2.432), 4 (1, 0), 5 (2, 2.232), 6 (2, 0), 7 (5, 0), 8 (5, 0.7), 9 (6, 0), 10 (6, 0.5), 11 (14, 0), 12 (14, 0.8). Apply. OK. 4. SAVE_DB ANSYS.
4:
.
1. 2.
Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Numbering. "Line Numbers (LINE)" ( ) OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Lines> In Active
3. Coord. 4. 5.
2 3 5
, ,
Apply. :3
8.
6.
4
4
4; 1
3; 1
2;
Apply.
OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Lines> Tan to 2
Lines. 7. 8. 9. 10.
3 5
Apply. Apply. 5 OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Lines> In Active Coord. 272
11. 12.
10 12 OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Lines> Tan to 2 Lines.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
5
Apply. 8 Apply.
7
Apply.
10 OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Lines> In Active Coord.
18. 19.
4 7
9;
9
6
Apply.
11.
18 Apply.
,
19: 6
7;
OK.
5:
.
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Arbitrary> Through KPs. 2. (2, 4, 3, 1) Apply. 3. : (4, 6, 5, 3), (6, 7, 8, 5), (7, 9, 10, 8), (9, 11, 12, 10). Apply. , OK. 4. SAVE_DB ANSYS.
6: 1. 2.
.
Utility Menu> Parameters> Scalar Parameters. ( ENTER ). ntran = 24 rtran = 10 na = 10 nb = 10 nc = 25 nd = 10 ne = 100 re = -1.5
3.
Close
7:
.
–
.
1. 2. 3.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Size Cntrls> Lines> Picked Lines. 4 Apply. "No. of element divisions (NDIV)" ( ) ntran, "Spacing ratio (SPACE)" rtran. Apply. 4. 2, 3 2. 5. 13 Apply. 6. "No. of element divisions (NDIV)" ntran, "Spacing ratio (SPACE)" 1/rtran. Apply. 7. 5 6 14, 15, 16. 8. 1 Apply. 9. "No. of element divisions (NDIV)" na, "Spacing ratio (SPACE)" 1. Apply. 10. 8, 9 3. 11. 6 Apply.. 273
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
8: 1. 2. 3.
"No. of element divisions (NDIV)" nb, "Spacing ratio (SPACE)" 1. Apply. 11 12 9. 5 Apply. "No. of element divisions (NDIV)" nc, "Spacing ratio (SPACE)" 1. Apply. 14 15 10. 8 Apply. "No. of element divisions (NDIV)" nd, "Spacing ratio (SPACE)" 1. Apply. 17 18 11. 7 Apply. "No. of element divisions (NDIV)" ne, "Spacing ratio (SPACE)" re. Apply. 20 21 12 OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh> Areas> Mapped> 3 or 4 sided. Pick All. – .
. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Numbering Ctrls> Compress Numbers. Nodes "Item to be compressed" Apply. Elements "Item to be compressed" OK.
9:
.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Utility Menu> Select> Entities. "Lines" and "By Num/Pick," OK. Utility Menu> Plot>Lines. 1, 9, 10, 11, 12 OK. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. "Nodes" "Attached to," Lines, all, OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Fluid/CFD> Velocity> On Nodes. 8. Pick All. 9. "Velocity component (VY)" 0 OK. 10. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. 11. "Lines" "By Num/Pick," Sele All. OK. 12. 4 OK. 13. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. 14. "Nodes" and "Attached to," Lines, all, OK. 15. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Fluid/CFD> Pressure DOF> On Nodes. 16. Pick All. 17. "Pressure value (PRES)" 6.13769e+6, OK. 18. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. 19. "Lines" and "By Num/Pick," Sele All. OK. 20. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 OK. 21. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. 22. "Nodes" and "Attached to," Lines, all, OK. 23. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Fluid/CFD> Velocity> On Nodes. 24. Pick All. 25. "Velocity component (VX)" "Velocity component (VY)" 0, OK. 274
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
Utility Menu> Select> Entities. "Lines" and "By Num/Pick," Sele All, OK. 16 OK. Utility Menu> Select> Entities. "Nodes" "Attached to," Lines, all, OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Fluid/CFD> Pressure DOF> On Nodes. 32. Pick All. 33. "Pressure value (PRES)" 0, OK.
10:
.
1. 2. 3.
Utility Menu> Select> Everything. Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties. "Density (DENS)," "Viscosity (VISC)," "Conductivity(COND)," "Specific heat (SPHT)" AIR-CM. 4. yes "Allow density variations?" ( ?). 5. Apply. 6. OK.
11:
.
1.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions. 2. "Reference pressure (REFE)" ( ) 1.01325e+6 "Nominal temperature (NOMI)" ( ) and "Stagnation (total) temperature (TTOT)" ( ) 550, OK.
12: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options. Turbulent "Laminar or turbulent (TURB)" Compressible "Incompress or compress (COMP)". OK. Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Contr> PRES Solver CFD. Precond conj res. OK. "Convergence criterion" 1.e-12, OK.
13:
.
1.
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Prop Relaxation. 2. "Density relaxation" 1.0 OK. 3. Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms. 4. "Momentum inertia" 1.0, "Pressure inertia" 1.e-4, "Artificial viscosity" 10, OK. 5. Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl. 6. "Global iterations (EXEC) 20 OK. 7. Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN. 8. 20 Solution is done. . Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms. 9. "Artificial viscosity" 1 OK. 10. Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN. 11. 3 "Artificial viscosity" ( ) .1, .01, .001, .0001, and .00001.
275
12.
140 , Solution is done. . Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms. 13. "Artificial viscosity" 0 OK. 14. Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl. 15. "Global iterations (EXEC) 160 OK. 16. Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN. 17. 300 , Solution is done. . Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms. 18. "Momentum inertia" 10, "Pressure inertia" 1.e-2, OK. 19. Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl. 20. "Global iterations (EXEC) 100 OK. 21. Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN. 22. 400 , Solution is done. . Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Stability Parms. 23. "Momentum inertia" 1e+15, "Pressure inertia" 1.e+15, OK. 24. Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl. 25. "Global iterations (EXEC) 400 OK. 26. Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN. Solution is done . 27. QUIT ANSYS. OK.
6.8.
( ). . .
/title, Compressible Flow in a Converging Diverging Nozzle /prep7 ! ! ! et,1,141 ! ! ! /pnum,line,1 k,1,0,2.432 k,2,0,0 k,3,1,2.432 k,4,1,0 k,5,2,2.232 k,6,2,0 k,7,5,0 k,8,5,.7 k,9,6,0 k,10,6,.5 k,11,14,0 k,12,14,.8 l,2,4
276
l,3,4 l,1,3 l,1,2 l,5,8 l2tan,3,5 l,10,12 l2tan,5,7 l,4,6 l,6,7 l,7,9 l,9,11 a,2,4,3,1 a,4,6,5,3 a,6,7,8,5 a,7,9,10,8 a,9,11,12,10 ! ! / ! ntran=24 rtran=10 na=10 nb=10 nc=25 nd=10 ne=100 re=-1.5 lesize,4,,,ntran,rtran lesize,2,,,ntran,rtran lesize,13,,,ntran,1/rtran lesize,14,,,ntran,1/rtran lesize,15,,,ntran,1/rtran lesize,16,,,ntran,1/rtran lesize,1,,,na lesize,3,,,na lesize,6,,,nb lesize,9,,,nb lesize,5,,,nc lesize,10,,,nc lesize,8,,,nd lesize,11,,,nd lesize,7,,,ne,re lesize,12,,,ne,re amesh,all numcmp,node numcmp,elem ! ! ! lsel,s,,,1 lsel,a,,,9,12,1 nsll,,1 d,all,vy,0 lsel,all lsel,s,,,4 nsll,,1 d,all,pres,6.13769e+6 lsel,all lsel,s,,,3 lsel,a,,,5,8,1 nsll,,1 d,all,vx,0 d,all,vy,0 lsel,all
277
lsel,s,,,16 nsll,,1 d,all,pres,0 ! ! ! alls /solu flda,prot,dens,air-cm flda,prot,visc,air-cm flda,prot,cond,air-cm flda,prot,spht,air-cm flda,vary,dens,t ! ! ! flda,pres,refe,1.01325e+6 flda,temp,ttot,550 flda,temp,nomi,550 ! ! ! flda,solu,turb,t flda,solu,comp,t flda,meth,pres,3 flda,conv,pres,1e-12 ! ! Solve ! flda,relx,dens,1 flda,stab,mome,1 flda,stab,pres,1e-4 flda,stab,visc,10 flda,iter,exec,20 solve flda,stab,visc,1 solve flda,stab,visc,.1 solve flda,stab,visc,.01 solve flda,stab,visc,.001 solve flda,stab,visc,.0001 solve flda,stab,visc,.00001 solve flda,stab,visc,0 flda,iter,exec,160 solve flda,stab,mome,10 flda,stab,pres,1e-2 flda,iter,exec,100 solve flda,stab,mome,1e+15 flda,stab,pres,1e+15 flda,iter,exec,400 solve
278
7.
FLOTRAN
7.1. , ,
.
,
.
(VOF), . :
: FLDATA7,PROT,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties . . ( , : : MP
, )
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Other> Change Mat Props> Polynomial Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models> Thermal> Density Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models> Thermal> Specific Heat Main Menu> Preprocessor> Conductivity> Isotropic
Material
Props>
Material
Models>
Thermal>
Main Menu> Solution> Other> Change Mat Props> Polynomial . . ANSYS
. –1
,
.
, .
7.2. "Fluid property type" ( (
. )
,
,
). , .
,
,
, .
,
.
. /
-
/
-
/
2
/
3
-
279
2
/
-
-
, ,
, .
,
, ,
.
. [1] SI (meter-kg-sec)
Joule
CGS (cm-g-sec)
Erg
mm-g-sec
Centi-erg
British (ft-slug-sec)
lbf-ft
PSI
lbf-in 1. 1 Joule = 1.0E9 Centi-ergs; 1 BTU = 778.26 lbf-ft.
7.2.1.
. ,
: CONSTANT,
CMIX, TABLE, (USER),
(floprp.ans), (AIR).
7.2.2.
.
, CONSTANT, CMIX, TABLE, GAS, LIQUID, (floprp.ans), (USER). CGAS.
AIR AIR-SI
meter-kg-sec meter-kg-sec
AIR-CM cm-g-sec AIRMM
mm-g-sec
AIR-FT ft-slug-sec AIR-IN
7.2.3.
2
in-(lbf-s /in)sec
(AIR), :
Pascals
kg/m3
kg/m-sec
Pascals
3
kg/m-sec
3
g/cm-sec (poise)
kg/m 2
dynes/cm
g/cm 3
Pascals
g/m
g/mm-sec
lbf/ft2
slugs/ft3 2
psi
slug/ft-sec 4
lbf-sec /in
lbf-s/in2
.
280
: CMIX, TABLE, CONSTANT, LIQUID, GAS, Power Law (POWL), Bingham (BING), Carreau (CARR), (floprp.ans), (USER USRV). AIR , . Sutherland ( ). LIQUID ( ), , Sutherland . : Power Law, Bingham,
Carreau.
7.2.4. . /
.
, .
/
. :
: FLDATA7,PROT,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Label : DENS ( ), VISC ( ), COND ( ( ), SFTS ( ).
), SPHT .
Value
(
,
FLDATA7,PROT,DENS,%Table%).
7.2.4.1.
.
, . Parameters> Array Parameters> Define/Edit, , .
Utility Menu> .
*DIM , .
• • • • • • •
XYZ-
, (TEMP) (PRESSURE) (TIME) (X) (Y) (Z) (VELOCITY) ,
:
.
*DIM ,
,
. ,
. , . 281
7.2.4.2.
. ,
.
Value
CONSTANT GAS LIQUID TABLE (
MPDATA
MPTEMP)
meter-kg-sec
AIR or AIR-SI
meter-kg-sec, . cm-g-sec
AIR_B or AIRSI_B AIR-CM
cm-g-sec,
AIR-CM_B .
mm-g-sec
AIR-MM
mm-g-sec,
AIR-MM_B .
fl-slug-sec
AIR-FT
fl-slug-sec,
AIR-FT_B .
psi
in-(lbf-s**2/in)-sec (
AIR-IN
in-(lbf-s**2/in)-sec (
AIR-IN_B
)
psi
), . ,
Power Law
POWL
,
Carreau
CARR
,
Bingham
BING
.
CMIX : USER
UserVisLaw , UserCond
, UserSpht
, UserDens .
.
CGAS . ,
_B
(
. ),
. . .
282
,
,
CONSTANT, GAS, LIQUID. : FLDATA8,NOMI,Label,Value
:
FLDATA9,COF1,Label,Value FLDATA10,COF2,Label,Value FLDATA11,COF3,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Label Value.
GAS
LIQUID .
, COF1
,
,
NOMI. , , COF1, COF2 COF3. NOMI, COF1, COF2, COF3 ANSYS,
COF1
, NOMI. GAS LIQUID , Power Law, Bingham, Carreau, . Inc. Theory Reference.
7.2.5.
. CONSTANT, FLDATA8,NOMI 1.205
GUI.
,
:
: FLDATA8,NOMI,DENS,1.205 GAS,
. :
Density = NOMI * (P/COF2) / (T/COF1) LIQUID, : Density = NOMI + COF2*(T - COF1) + COF3*(T - COF1)2 CMIX, :
,N–
i–
ρi CGAS,
, Yi i–
.
:
,N– i–
, Mi P
, Yi i–
,R
. 283
TABLE, MPTEMP
MPDATA (
GUI). UserDens.
USER,
7.2.6.
. CONSTANT, FLDATA8,NOMI 1.205
GUI.
,
:
: FLDATA8,NOMI,VISC,1.205 GAS, Sutherland NOMI, COF1, COF2. R (COF2/NOMI*COF1) (“ ”): /NOMI = (T/COF1)1.5 * (COF1 + COF2)/(T + COF2) , , :
.
,
= 4.18 x 10-5 T = 760 = 5.76 x 10-5 T = 1010 , , NOMI = 4.18x10-5 COF1 = 760. Sutherland: /4.18 x 10-5 = (T/760)1.5 (760 + COF2)/(T + COF2)
.
COF2 "
"
5.76x10
-5
T = 1010.
,
. LIQUID,
Sutherland
: (" "): /NOMI = EXP{COF2*(1/T - 1/COF1) + COF3(1/T - 1/COF1)2} POWL,
BING,
Bingham:
CARR,
Carreau:
CMIX,
:
,N i–
Power Law:
µi
, Yi i–
.
284
TABLE, MPTEMP USER USRV,
MPDATA (
GUI).
UserVisLaw.
7.2.7.
. CONSTANT, FLDATA8,NOMI 1.205
GUI. :
: FLDATA8,NOMI,SPHT,1.205 USER, CMIX, :
UserSpht.
,N i–
, Yi
Cpi
i–
TABLE, MPTEMP
7.2.8.
,
.
MPDATA (
GUI).
. CONSTANT, FLDATA8,NOMI 1.205
GUI. :
: FLDATA8,NOMI,COND,1.205 GAS, Sutherland NOMI, COF1, COF2. R (COF2/NOMI*COF1) (“ ”): /NOMI = (T/COF1)1.5 * (COF1 + COF2)/(T + COF2) LIQUID, . (" "): /NOMI = EXP{COF2*(1/T - 1/COF1) + COF3(1/T - 1/COF1)2} CMIX, :
,N Ki
.
Sutherland
, Yi i–
TABLE, MPTEMP USER USRV,
,
i–
. MPDATA (
GUI).
UserCond.
7.2.9.
. CONSTANT, FLDATA8,NOMI
GUI.
, 285
73.0 : : FLDATA8,NOMI,SFTS,73.0 LIQUID, : = NOMI + COF2*(T - COF1) + COF3*(T - COF1)2 USER, UserSfts.
7.3.
. ANSYS .
,
:
: FLDATA14,TEMP,NOMI,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions ,
.
, : : TOFFST,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions FLOTRAN
, FLDATA,TEMP,NOMI
TOFFST
GUI. . .
,
. , ANSYS
,
. , FLDATA12,PROP,IVISC,Value (Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties). , NOMI, .
7.3.1.
. , ,
FLDATA13,VARY,Label,Value
Label
. SPHT, DENS,VISC, SFTS,
COND. 286
(T CONSTANT
Value
, LIQUID.
7.4.
F). COF1
GAS
. CGAS, CMIX, TABLE, USER, GAS, LIQUID, CONSTANT , , floprp.ans ( ), ANSYS . : . . ( 01 99)
,
. 1. 2. id
AIR . ,
n Ci
. ID. "y" –
,
,
. ID: 01 y = C1 + C2T + C3T2 + ... + CnTn-1 ID: 02
ID: 03 In(y) = C1 + C2T + C3T + ... + CnTn-1 2
ID: 04
Power Law ID: 05 y = C1TC2 Ideal Gas Law ID: 11
Sutherland's Formula ID: 12
ID: 15
Power Law ID: 16 (
)
287
. Bingham ID: 17 (
)
: 19 y = y (C1, C2, C3, C4) . ,
floprp.ans,
.
. 1
[A8]
.
2
nLines [I6]
nLines
Proplab, tProp, nProp (PropCF(i)=1,nProp) [A4, 1x, 2I6, 5E12.5/6E 12.5] = NLines = Proplab = SPHT -
(
):
DENS VISC COND GAMM tProp – nProp – PropCF –
7.5.
. :
•
, Cp/Cv, .
•
.
: : FLDATA17,GAMM,COMP,VALUE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions : floprp.ans GAMM. FLOTRAN ( ) . .
288
. : : FLDATA15,PRES,REFE,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions •
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions ( , ). . : TOFFST,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions
•
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions , . , TOFFST GUI. ( ) , ANSYS . : : FLDATA14,TEMP,NOMI,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions
•
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Ref Conditions : : ACEL,ACELX,ACELY,ACELZ GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Gravity Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Gravity
7.6.
. ANSYS
• • • •
(
FLUID141 Power Law,
FLUID142).
: ,
. Carreau,
Power Law.
, .
Bingham
. UserVisLaw
. – .
7.6.1.
Power Law 289
Power Law,
:
: FLDATA7,PROT,VISC,POWL GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties , . Power Law
, :
: FLDATA8,NOMI,VISC,Value (specifies nominal viscosity) FLDATA9,COF1,VISC,Value (specifies the cutoff shear rate) FLDATA10,COF2,VISC,Value (specifies the consistency coefficient) FLDATA11,COF3,VISC,Value (specifies the power) ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference. , SOLVE Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN.
7.6.2.
Carreau Carreau, : FLDATA7,PROT,VISC,CARR
:
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties , . Carreau
, :
: FLDATA8,NOMI,VISC,Value (specifies the zero shear viscosity) FLDATA9,COF1,VISC,Value (specifies the infinite shear viscosity) FLDATA10,COF2,VISC,Value (specifies the time constant) FLDATA11,COF3,VISC,Value (specifies the power) ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference. , SOLVE Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN.
7.6.3.
Bingham. Bingham,
:
: FLDATA7,PROT,VISC,BING 290
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties , . Bingham : FLDATA8,NOMI,VISC,Value (specifies the plastic viscosity)
,
FLDATA9,COF1,VISC,Value (specifies the plastic/yield stress) FLDATA10,COF2,VISC,Value (specifies the Newtonian viscosity) ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference. . : FLDATA12,PROP,VISC,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties
7.7.
. ,
, .
, , . USERVISLAW, ,
. ANSYS
.
. : : FLDATA7,PROT,VISC,USRV (or USER) GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties , . : FLDATA12,PROP,UFRQ,1
:
FLDATA5,OUTP,VISC,T
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties , .
, :
: FLDATA7,NOMI,VISC,Value (specifies coefficient 1) FLDATA6,COF1,VISC,Value (specifies coefficient 2) 291
FLDATA9,COF2,VISC,Value (specifies coefficient 3) FLDATA10,COF3,VISC,Value (specifies coefficient 4) UserVisLaw. Power Law
. , ANSYS Guide to User Programmable
Features. : : FLDATA12,PROP,IVISC,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties ( SOLVE
) Main Menu> Solution> Run
FLOTRAN.
292
8.
FLOTRAN
8.1.
. : : KEYOPT
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> FLOTRAN Coor Sys Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> FLOTRAN Coor Sys , VX, VY,
VZ
.
,
KEYOPT,
. VZ
.
. KEYOPT(3) VX
VY
VZ
0
Y
Z
X
2D – Y
1
2D -
2
2D –
3
theta
3D –
3
theta
,
(
VZ) .
.
,
Y
VZ X VZ
“
”.
“
”.
, . 293
Z
8.2.
KEYOPT(3) = 3.
. . , . . , .
, , ,
. :
: CGOMGA GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Rotating Coords Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Rotating Coords ,
,
.
Z ANSYS
, Z X,
( .
Y
).
,
,
. ,
:
: CGLOC GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Rotating Coords Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flow Environment> Rotating Coords ω .
8.3.
294
, X-Y. : : FLDATA1,SOLU,SWIRL,TRUE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options "theta", .
. ,
.
, 1.0 .
8.4.
/ , . . .
ANSYS Elements Reference. , . ENKE 0.0
ENDS 1.0.
:
: D GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Define Loads> Apply> Fluid/CFD> Turbulence> On Nodes Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Fluid/CFD> Turbulence> On Nodes
. . .
- "Head-Capacity Curve,"
(
) . , . FLOTRAN, .
ANSYS Four" "Type Five" .
.
"Type , .
295
.
,
,
,
. , "s":
,V
. .
,
,
psi,
in/sec. ,
, “
– ,
”. .
θx
“type 5”
,
. S
X,
:
, Z
θy ,
θz
Y :
296
9.
FLOTRAN
CFD
. 9.1.
? , :
1.
,
2. “ “ • •
3.
. , Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA), . ” . ” , . “ ”: Conjugate Residual (CR), Preconditioned Conjugate Residual (PCCR), Preconditioned Generalized Minimum Residual (PGMR), Preconditioned BiCGStab (PBCGM). preconditioned conjugate gradient . . / . :
: FLDATA18,METH,Label,Value (Label = DOF) GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> PRES Solver CFD Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> PRES Solver CFD : 1 (TDMA), 2 (conjugate residual), 3 (preconditioned conjugate residual gradient), 4 (preconditioned generalized minimum residual), 5 ( ), 6 (preconditioned BiCGStab). , . preconditioned conjugate gradient 2 3. (TDMA) . 10. Н в ч ы. , , (10 ) , . , conjugate direction. TDMA . .
9.2.
Tri-Diagonal Matrix TDMA
:
: 297
FLDATA19,TDMA,Label,Value (Label = DOF) GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
9.3.
. ,
RTR (
ZTR
). RTR 10-7.
, , : : FLDATA21,CONV,Label,Value GUI:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
, : : FLDATA22,MAXI,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver Jobname.DBG
, PRES
,
TEMP
. :
-
; (
);
. , . , ( .
,
10-15). .
RTR
1020)
ZTR ( .
. 298
. , : : FLDATA23,DELT,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
.
Label
. DelMax
RTR ,
value.
,
. , .
, (
FLDATA23,DELT)
: : FLDATA20,SRCH,Label,Value 2, .
. 20 N SRCH
, (N –
, ).
,
. .
9.3.1.
Preconditioned Generalized Minimum Residual (PGMR) PGMR PGMR
L
U
. , 299
LU . ,
PCCR
PCCR
L
L U . Preconditioned Generalized Minimum Residual (PGMR) . , . . FLOTRAN PGMR . .
U
,
LU
PRES
. ,
.
TEMP.
: : FLDATA20A,PGMR,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
1
10.
,
6. . MODP.
,
TDMA PGMR
,
. . ,
SRCH
. : : FLDATA20,SRCH,Label,Value
,
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
PGMR 20. PGMR
12 12. .
Jobname.OUT.
jobname.dbg.
jobname.dbg
,
FLOTRAN , ,
.
300
PGMR jobname.dbg.
, NORM ,
Jobname.OUT
FLOTRAN. PGMR
• • • •
:
. . . . PGMR .
, .
.
, . ,
.
FLOTRAN .
,
FLOTRAN . ,
,
,
. Norm. ,
, 10-10. -20 10 .
,
9.3.2.
Preconditioned BiCGStab (PBCGM). PBCGM
, .
(
)
. .
PGMR, .
PBCGM
L LU
U ,
.
Preconditioned BiCGStab (PBCGM)
. . L
U
. . PBCGM
FLOTRAN
.
. , GUI: : FLDATA20B,PBCGM,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
301
0
10.
,
6. . SRCH ,
. ,
. GUI: : FLDATA20,SRCH,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> CFD Solver Controls> desired DOF solver
PBCGM,
1
8.
.
9.4.
. , . . .
VY,
VZ, FLOTRAN
, VX, Preconditioned Conjugate Residual (PCCR). .
302
10. 10.1.
.
.
FLOTRAN CFD . ,
, .
FLOTRAN . , Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations (SIMPLE). , Patankar S.V., Spalding D.B., "A calculation procedure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol 15, pp. 1787-1806, 1972. : SIMPLEF and SIMPLEN.
, SIMPLEF ,
.
Schnipke R.J.
Rice
J.G. (" " , Swansea,
,
1985).
SIMPLEF SIMPLE ,
Van Doormaal J.P.
Raithby G.D. (" SIMPLE " Numerical Heat Transfer, vol. 7, pp. 147-
163, 1984). ,
SIMPLEN
Wang G. ("
FLOTRAN. SIMPLE " Computational Fluid and Solid
– Mechanics, vol. 2, pp. 1014-1016, Elsevier, 2001). SIMPLEF . SIMPLEN : : FLDATA37 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Algorithm Control Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Algorithm Control
10.2.
.
FLOTRAN
, .
,
,
10.2.1.
.
.
Upwind (MSU), Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG), . SIMPLEF SUPG
: Monotone Streamline Collocated Galerkin (COLG). SIMPLEN SUPG
303
SIMPLEF
Э
SIMPLEN
SUPG
MSU
MSU
MSU
SUPG
SUPG
SUPG
SUPG
10.2.2. SIMPLEF
TDMA .
.
, . . SIMPLEN . SIMPLEN, FLOTRAN PBCGM
, ,
.
PBCGM .
10.2.3.
. ,
,
“ .
”
,
,
0.5
SIMPLEF.
SIMPLEN .
, SIMPLEN , 1.0.
, ,
. SIMPLEF
,
0.5.
,
, SIMPLEN, FLOTRAN
1.0 0.8
, 0.5 .
10.3. Э .
). 322 = 1024 SIMPLEF SIMPLEN SIMPLEF SIMPLEN
Э RELX
CPU (sec)
100 ( .
0.5
0.8
0.9
0.95
0.98
0.99
325
153
81
66
114
176
12.9
7.2
4.0
3.3
5.7
8.9 304
SIMPLEN, (RELX) 0.8
0.95.
0.95,
. RELX
0.95. SIMPLEN
,
SIMPLEF. –
,
, RELX
0.99,
, SIMPLEN .
1282 = 16,384 SIMPLEN. SIMPLEN 40
SIMPLEF. ,
– , SIMPLEN SIMPLEN
.
,
SIMPLEF
. Wang G., "A fast and robust variant of the SIMPLE algorithm for finite-element simulations of incompressible flows," Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics, vol. 2, pp. 1014-1016, Elsevier, 2001. , . . /title, Lid driven cavity flow analysis using SIMPLEF/SIMPLEN algorithms NDL = 32 ! MU = 0.010 ! RHO = 1.0 L = 1.0 sL = 1.0e-8 Vel = 1.000 niter = 10000 /PREP7 et,1,141 esha,2 rect,,L,,L lesi,all,,,NDL amesh,1 alls ! nsel,s,ext d,all,vx d,all,vy nsel,r,loc,y,L-sL,L+sL d,all,vx,vel d,all,vy d,all,enke,-1 alls d,1,PRES fini save /SOLU flda,iter,exec,niter flda,nomi,visc,MU flda,nomi,dens,RHO flda,term,pres,1.e-6 solve fini /delete,,rfl /SOLU
! !
! !
! !
!
SIMPLEF
SIMPLEN
305
flda,algr,segr,simplen solve fini /delete,,rfl /SOLU flda,relx,vx,0.9 flda,relx,vy,0.9 solve fini /delete,,rfl /SOLU flda,relx,vx,0.95 flda,relx,vy,0.95 solve fini /delete,,rfl /SOLU flda,relx,vx,0.98 flda,relx,vy,0.98 solve fini /delete,,rfl /SOLU flda,relx,vx,0.99 flda,relx,vy,0.99 solve fini
306
11. 11.1. , . . “
”
,
.
. . GUI.
11.2.
. :
,
.
.
11.2.1
. , , .
, FLOTRAN. ,
, .
,
,
. .
keyopt
PREP7. , PREP7,
,
,(
, MSSPEC)
SOLUTION.
PREP7. ,
:
: FLDATA1,SOLU,SPEC,T GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options
11.2.2.
. , , ,
. ,
.
307
MSNOMF ( GUI
) ( : IC,Label,Value
)
:
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Loads> Analysis Type> Analysis Options Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Initial Condit'n> Define 1.0. ,
:
: FLDATA7,PROT,Label,CMIX GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties
11.2.3.
. , :
:
•
•
• • •
R
.
:
: MSDATA GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species Mi i– , : : MSSPEC GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species N . P (PRES). T (TEMP). , : : FLDATA7,PROT,DENS,CGAS
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Fluid Properties
11.3.
. 308
: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
. . ,
.
. . ( ).
11.3.1. , : KEYOPT,1,1,n (n =
:
(
2,
6))
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species , GUI : : MSSPEC FLOTRAN . SP01, SP02
,
.
11.3.2. . , ALGEB
, :
: MSDATA GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species , . 1.0. .
MSDATA .
11.3.3. : FLDATA6 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Additional Out> Print Controls Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Additional Out> Print Controls
11.3.4.
309
, Liquid, etc.). , CMIX FLDATA7,PROT,Label,Type
(CONSTANT,
.
:
Label DENS, VISC, COND, Label = DENSE, Type CGAS.
CMIX.
SPHT,
Type
CGAS
MSSPEC GUI. , , . CONSTANT, LIQUID, GAS. : : MSPROP GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species
,
. , CMIX
.
CGAS, GUI. .
,
MSPROP ,
,
: Dmi
Yi
. . µ,
ρ,
:
.
, . . µ:
SCTi : : MSSPEC
,
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species , 1.0.
11.3.5.
. , .
,
,
,
LAB :
310
: D GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Displacement> On Nodes
Loads>
Define
Loads>
Apply>
Fluid/CFD>
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Fluid/CFD> Displacement> On Nodes , .
1.0.
11.3.6.
. 0.5. :
: MSRELAX GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species .
:
: MSMIR,SPNUM,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species ,
. 0.1
1.0. ,
,
:
: MSSOLU, MSMETH GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species . : : MSCAP GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species ( ) : : FLDATA1,SOLU,Spec,T GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Solution Options
11.4.
,
.
311
FLOTRAN
1 (
MAT,1
GUI) ,
, . CMIX,
,
1.0
. ,
1.0.
, ; . , ,
,
.
,
,
, ,
. ,
,
.
,
,
(
1
2)
. /BATCH,LIST /tit,heat exchanger problem !two different fluids separated by a !cartesian geometry, pressure-driven !solve by 2 species LX = 10 NDX = 10 LY1 = 2 LY2 = 0.1 LY3 = 1.0 NDY1 = 10 NDY2 = 3 NDY3 = 10 YOFFSET = 0 ! X /prep7 $smrt,off et,1,141 !species keyopt,1,1,2 !axisymm !keyopt,1,3,2 !
solid wall flow ! ! ! ! !
!
X X 1 2
XY
! 2 RY
312
esha,2 ! rect,,LX,YOFFSET,YOFFSET+LY1 rect,,LX,YOFFSET+LY1,YOFFSET+LY1+LY2 rect,,LX,YOFFSET+LY1+LY2,YOFFSET+LY1+LY2+LY3 nummrg,all numcmp,all lsel,s,,,3,9,3 lsel,a,,,1 lesi,all,,,NDX, lsel,s,,,2,4,2 lesi,all,,,NDY1,-5.0 lsel,s,,,5,7,2 lesi,all,,,NDY2,-5.0 lsel,s,,,8,10,2 lesi,all,,,NDY3,-5.0 allsel mat,1 ! amesh,1 ! amesh,3 ! mat,2 ! 2 – amesh,2 ! !inner region 1 !bc inlet lsel,s,,,4 nsll,s,1 d,all,pres,10 ! d,all,temp,100 !bc outlet lsel,s,,,2 nsll,s,1 d,all,pres,0. ! !symm lsel,s,,,1 nsll,s,1 d,all,vy,0 ! !region 2 !bc inlet lsel,s,,,8 nsll,s,1 d,all,pres,10. ! d,all,temp,400 !bc outlet lsel,s,,,10 nsll,s,1 d,all,pres,0. ! !top wall lsel,s,,,9 nsll,s,1 d,all,vx,0 ! d,all,vy,0 allsel !solid properties mp,dens,2,5. ! mp,kxx,2,100 mp,c,2,13 /SOLU !ic for species nsel,s,loc,x,,lx ! nsel,s,loc,y,o,ly1 ic,all,sp01,1.0 ! ic,all,sp02,0.0 nsel,s,loc,x,,lx nsel,s,loc,y,ly1+ly2,ly1+ly2+ly3
! ! !
1 1 2
1
2
2
№1
!
№2
313
ic,all,sp01,0.0 ic,all,sp02,1.0 allsel FLDA,ITER,EXEC,200 FLDA,PROT,DENS,CMIX FLDA,PROT,VISC,CMIX FLDA,PROT,COND,CMIX FLDA,PROT,SPHT,CMIX flda,vary,dens,t flda,vary,visc,t flda,vary,cond,t flda,vary,spht,t FLDA,NOMI,DENS,1.0 FLDA,NOMI,VISC,2.0 FLDA,NOMI,COND,3.0
№2
!
! ! ! ! !
! ! !
FLDA,NOMI,SPHT,4.0 msprop,1,spht,constant,1 msprop,2,spht,constant,2 msprop,1,dens,constant,1 msprop,2,dens,constant,2 msprop,1,visc,constant,1.0 msprop,2,visc,constant,2.0 msprop,1,cond,constant,.1 msprop,2,cond,constant,.2 FLDA,CONV,PRES,1.0E-10 FLDA,TERM,PRES,1.E-09 FLDA,OUTP,SP01,T FLDA,OUTP,SP02,T save SOLVE FLDA,SOLU,ENRG,T FLDA,SOLU,FLOW,F FLDA,METH,ENRG,3 FLDA,ITER,EXEC,50 FLDA,RELX,TEMP,1. SOLVE fini /exit,nosa
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 PCCR
!
!
11.5. :
(O2),
(N2),
, : VX = 0 VY = -0.1 TEMP = 300 O2 = 1.0 N2 = 0.0 H2 = 0.0
(H2). .
: VX = 0.1 VY = 0 TEMP = 400 O2 = 0.0 N2 = 1.0 H2 = 0.0
:
: VX = 0 VY = 0.1 TEMP = 300 O2 = 0.0 N2 =0.0 H2 = 1.0 .
/batch,list /filename,spec /com ** Analysis Types Laminar and Turbulent, Incompressible /com 2D - quadrilateral and triangular elements /com ** Features Thermal, Multiple Species Transport /com ** Options Dilute mixtures, composite property types (CGAS, CMIX) /com ** Variable laminar properties
314
/com ** Turbulence /com ** Construction of geometry /prep7 !!!!!!! – lenin=.3 half=lenin/2. width=.1 hfwid=width/2. outlen=1.2 !!!!!!! rect,-lenin,0,-hfwid,hfwid rect,.2,.3,.25,.25+lenin rect,.2,.3,-.25,-.25-lenin rect,.4,.4+outlen,-.15,.15 !!!!!!! l2tan,-3,-8 l2tan,-6,-15 l2tan,-13,-10 l2tan,-12,-1 !!!!!!! nlcurv=16 rlcurv=1 nscurv=9 rscurv=1 nispan=8 rispan=-1.5 nospan=13 rospan=-2 nilen=10 rilen=-2 nolen=24 rolen=4 !!!!!!! !flst,2,2,4,orde,2 !fitem,2,17 !fitem,2,20 lsel,s,,,17,20,3 lesize,all,,,nlcurv,rlcurv lsel,s,,,18,19 !fitem,2,18 !fitem,2,-19 lesize,19,,,nscurv,rscurv !flst,2,3,4,orde,3 !fitem,2,2 !fitem,2,5 !fitem,2,11 lsel,s,,,2,5,3 lsel,a,,,11 lesize,all,,,nispan,1 !flst,2,3,4,orde,3 !fitem,2,4 !fitem,2,7 !fitem,2,9 lsel,s,,,4,7,3 lsel,a,,,9 lesize,all,,,nispan,rispan !flst,2,6,4,orde,6 !fitem,2,1 !fitem,2,3 !fitem,2,6 !fitem,2,8 !fitem,2,10 !fitem,2,12 lsel,s,,,1,3,2
SI
315
lsel,a,,,6,12,2 lesize,all,,,nilen,rilen lsel,s,,,13,16 lesize,13,,,nolen,rolen lesize,15,,,nolen,1./rolen lesize,16,,,nospan,rospan lesize,14,,,nospan,rospan alls !!!!!!! !flst,2,8,3 !fitem,2,2 !fitem,2,12 !fitem,2,11 !fitem,2,13 !fitem,2,16 !fitem,2,6 !fitem,2,5 !fitem,2,3 a,2,12,11,13,16,6,5,3 alls /com ** !!!!!!! asel,s,,,5 et,1,141 mshape,1,2d amesh,5 !!!!!!! asel,s,,,1,4 mshape,0,2d mshkey,1 amesh,all /com ** !!!!!!! lsel,s,,,1,3,2 lsel,a,,,6,12,2 lsel,a,,,13,17,2 lsel,a,,,18,20 nsll,,1 d,all,vx,0 d,all,vy,0 !!!!!!! vtop=.1 vbot=.1 vlef=.1 lsel,s,,,7 nsll d,all,vx,0 d,all,vy,-vtop nsll,,1 d,all,temp,300 lsel,s,,,4 nsll d,all,vx,vlef d,all,vy,0 nsll,,1 d,all,temp,400 lsel,s,,,9 nsll d,all,vx,0 d,all,vy,vbot nsll,,1 d,all,temp,300 lsel,s,,,14 nsll,,1
...
(5)
316
d,all,pres,0 flda,conv,iter,5 save finish alls /solu /com ** FLOTRAN INPUT flda,iter,exec,40 flda,temp,nomi,300 ! flda,prot,dens,air-si ! flda,vary,dens,true flda,prot,visc,air-si flda,vary,visc,true flda,prot,cond,air-si flda,vary,cond,true flda,prot,spht,air-si save solve ! finish ! /prep7 flda,prot,dens,cmix ! flda,prot,visc,cmix ! keyopt,1,1,3 !
300K
40
flda,solu,spec,t ! msdata,2 ! ! !!!!!!! msspec,1,o2,31.999 msprop,1,DENS,GAS,1.2998,300,1.01325E+5 msvary,1,dens,t msnomf,1,.3 msprop,1,VISC,CONSTANT,1.2067E-5 msprop,1,mdif,CONSTANT,2.149E-5 msprop,1,cond,CONSTANT,.02674 mscap,1,1 ! msspec,2,n2,28.018 msprop,2,DENS,GAS,1.1381,300,1.01325E+5 msvary,2,dens,t msnomf,2,.3 msprop,2,VISC,CONSTANT,1.786E-5 msprop,2,mdif,CONSTANT,1.601E-5 msprop,2,cond,CONSTANT,.02598 mscap,2,1 ! msspec,3,h2,2.016 msprop,3,DENS,GAS,0.0819,300,1.01325E+5 msvary,3,dens,t msnomf,3,.4 msprop,3,VISC,CONSTANT,8.94E-6 msprop,3,mdif,CONSTANT,4.964E-5 msprop,3,cond,CONSTANT,.1815 mscap,3,1 ! msrelx,1,1.0 msrelx,3,1.0 msmeth,1,3 mssolu,1,,,2,1.e-8 msmeth,3,3 mssolu,3,,,2,1.e-8 alls !!!!!!! lsel,s,,,7
300K
2 (N2)
317
nsll,,1 d,all,o2,1.0 d,all,n2,0.0 d,all,h2,0.0 lsel,s,,,4 nsll,,1 d,all,o2,0.0 d,all,n2,1.0 d,all,h2,0.0 lsel,s,,,9 nsll,,1 d,all,o2,0.0 d,all,n2,0.0 d,all,h2,1.0 alls !!!!!!! flda,iter,exec,20 flda,conv,outp,land save finish /solu solve ! ! flda,solu,temp,t flda,solu,flow,f flda,meth,temp,3 flda,conv,temp,1.e-10 flda,iter,exec,5 flda,relx,temp,1.0 save solve !! flda,iter,exec,35 flda,solu,flow,t solve flda,iter,exec,50
! !
20
! 20 ! Achieve a constant flow temperature solution ! ! PCCR ! PCCR ! !
! Achieve a flow and thermal solution ! !
50
save solve
318
12. 12.1. ,
,
,
,
. , . .
Streamline Upwind (MSU), Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG), (COLG). , , : : FLDATA33,ADVM,Label,Value GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Advection
: Monotone Collocated Galerkin
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Advection : : MSADV,SPNUM,MTHA GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Multiple Species MSU
SUPG
COLG. MSU .
SUPG
COLG .
, COLG
,
– SUPG
.
COLG. ANSYS, Inc. Theory Reference.
12.2.
SUPG
COLG ,
.
SUPG
COLG ,
, , : FLDATA34,MIR,Label,Value
:
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> MIR Stabilization Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> MIR Stabilization Value
0.1
1.0.
Value
.
319
, SUPG
•
COLG: 106 0.1.
, . : FLDATA24,TURB,RATI,1.0E6 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence> Turbulence Model Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence> Turbulence Param Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence Model Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Turbulence Param : FLDATA25,RELX,EVIS,0.1 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Prop Relaxation •
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Relax/Stab/Cap> Prop Relaxation , MSU. , , , SUPG COLG . , , SUPG COLG , . : FLDATA33,ADVM,MOME,SUPG FLDATA33,ADVM,MOME,COLG GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Advection
•
Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Set Up> Advection , ,
. , .
12.3. SUPG
COLG
,
MSU,
. . . . . FLOTRAN , SUPG
, COLG
MSU . 0
. , 1.0,
SUPG
COLG . 320
,
(
)
–
.
321
ANSYS 1. 1.1.
. ,
( (
,
)
).
, :
, .
-
,
-
(
-
, (
),
),
( -
)
-
-
),
( (
.
), -
1.2.
(MEMS).
. , :
.
1.2.1.
. , :
. -
-
1.2.1.1.
. .
(
) .
,
,
. ,
“
”
.
1.2.1.2.
-
.
-
ANSYS -
ANSYS FLOTRAN
,
. , . –
,
.
1.2.2.
. 322
, ,
. , .
, SOLID5, PLANE13, TRANS126.
MEMS
SOLID98.
1.2.3.
. , . , . , , .
, ,
.
,
–
. . FLOTRAN
,
ANSYS. :
• •
. -
–
.
• • •
.
1.3.
.
ANSYS
, . ,
Commands
EMUNIT
. ANSYS
Reference . –
(MEMS),
,
.
MKS 1.1.
1-1 1-8 µMKSV µMSVfA. MKS
uMKSV
323
MKS µMKSv 6
m
m
10
µm
µm
N
(kg)(m)/(s)2
106
µN
(kg)(µm)/(s)2
s
s
1
s
s
kg
kg
kg
kg
MPa
(kg)/(µm)(s)2
1
Pa
(kg)/(m)(s)
m/s
m/s
m/(s)
2
m/(s)
2
-6
10
106 2
10
µm/s
6
µm/(s)
µm/s 2
µm/(s)2
kg/(m)3
kg/(m)3
10-18
kg/(µm)3
kg/(µm)3
Pa
kg/(m)(s)2
10-6
MPa
kg/(µm)(s)2
Pa
kg/(m)(s)2
10-6
MPa
kg/(µm)(s)2
W
(kg)(m)2/(s)3 1012
pW
(kg)(µm)2/(s)3
1.2.
MKS
uMKSV
MKS µMKSv 3
W/m°K
(kg)(m)/(°K)(s) 10
pW/(µm)°K (kg)(µm)/(°K)(s)3
W/(m)2
kg/(s)3
1
pW/(µm)2
kg/(s)3
J/(kg)°K
(m)2/(°K)(s)2
1012
pJ/(kg)°K
(µm)2/(°K)(s)2
W
(kg)(m)2/(s)3
1012
pW
(kg)(µm)2/(s)3
W/m3
(kg)/(m)(s)3
10-6
pW/(µm)3
kg/(µm)(s)3
W/(m)2°K kg/(s)2
1
pW/(µm)2°K kg/(s)2
kg/(m)(s) kg/(m)(s)
10-6
kg/(µm)(s)
kg/(µm)(s)
(m)2/s
1012
(µm)2/s
(µm)2/s
(m)2/s
6
1.3. Э
MKS
uMKSV
Э MKS µMKSv A V
A
10 2
(kg)(m) /(A)(s)
3
1
12
pA
pA
V
(kg)(µm)2/(pA)(s)3 324
Э MKS µMKSv C
(A)(s)
S/m
10
12
pC
(pA)(s)
(A)2(s)3/(kg)(m)3 106
pS/µm
(pA)2(s)3/(kg)(µm)3
Ωm
(Kg)(m3/(A)2(s)3 10-6
T Ωµm
(kg)(µm)3/(pA)2(s)3
F/m
(A)2(s)4/(kg)(m)3 106
pF/µm
(pA)2(s)2/(kg)(µm)3
J
(kg)(m)2/(s)2
1012
pJ
(kg)(µm)2/(s)2
F
(A)2(s)4/(kg)(m)2 1012
pF
(pA)2(s)4/(kg)(µm)2
V/m
(kg)(m)/(s)3(A)
10-6
V/µm
(kg)(µm)/(s)3(pA)
C/(m)2
(A)(s)/(m)2
1
pC/(µm)2
(pA)(s)/(µm)2
[1]
8.854 x 10-6 pF/µm.
1. 1.4.
MKS
uMKSV
MKS µMKSv 2
1
Weber
(kg)(µm)2/(pA)(s)2
kg/(A)(s)2
10-12
Tesla
kg/(pA)(s)2
A/m
A/m
106
pA/µm
pA/µm
A
A
1012
pA
pA
A/(m)2
A/(m)2
1
pA/(µm)2
pA/(µm)2
H/m
(kg)(m)/(A)2(s)2 10-18
TH/µm
(kg)(µm)/(pA)2(s)2
H
(kg)(m)2/(A)2(s)2 10-12
TH
(kg)(µm)2/(pA)2(s)2
Weber
(kg)(m) /(A)(s)
Tesla
2
[1]
4 π x 10-25 TH/µm.
1.
. 1.5.
MKS
uMSVfA
MKS µMsvfa 325
MKS µMsvfa m
Mass
m (kg)(m)/(s)
s
s
2
Pa
(kg)/(m)(s)
m/s
m/s
m/(s)
µm
10
nN
(g)(µm)/(s)2
1
kg
2
µm
9
10
N kg
6
2
s
s
10
3
g
g
10
-3
kPa
g/(µm)(s)2
106
m/(s)
2
µm/s
6
kg/(m)3 kg/(m)3
µm/s 2
µm/(s)2
10
m/(s)
10-15
g/(µm)3
g/(µm)3
Pa
kg/(m)(s)2
10-3
kPa
g/(µm)(s)2
Pa
kg/(m)(s)2
10-3
kPa
g/(µm)(s)2
W
(kg)(m)2/(s)3 1015
fW
(g)(µm)2/(s)3
1.6.
MKS
uMSVfA
MKS µMsvfa W/m°K W/(m)
2
3
9
fW/(µm)°K (g)(µm)/(°K)(s)3
3
fW/(µm)2
g/(s)3
(kg)(m)/(°K)(s) 10 kg/(s)
3
10
J/(kg)°K
(m)2/(°K)(s)2
1012
fJ/(g)°K
(µm)2/(°K)(s)2
W
(kg)(m)2/(s)3
1015
fW
(g)(µm)2/(s)3
W/m3
(kg)/(m)(s)3
10-3
fW/(µm)3
g/(µm)(s)3
W/(m)2°K kg/(s)2
103
fW/(µm)2°K g/(s)2
kg/(m)(s) kg/(m)(s)
10-3
g/(µm)(s)
g/(µm)(s)
(m)2/s
1012
(µm)2/s
(µm)2/s
(m)2/s
1.7. Э Э
MKS
uMSVfA
MKS µMsvfa A
A
V
(kg)(m)2/(A)(s)3 1
C
(A)(s)
S/m
10
2
15
1015 3
3
(A) (s) /(kg)(m) 10
9
fA
fA
V
(g)(µm)2/(fA)(s)3
fC
(fA)(s)
nS/µm
(fA)2(s)3/(g)(µm)3 326
Э
MKS µMsvfa Ωm
(kg)(m /(A) (s)
F/m
3
2
3
-9
-
(g)(µm)3/(fA)2(s)3
(A)2(s)4/(kg)(m)3 109
fF/µm
(fA)2(s)2/(g)(µm)3
J
(kg)(m)2/(s)2
1015
fJ
(g)(µm)2/(s)2
F
(A)2(s)4/(kg)(m)2 1015
fF
(fA)2(s)4/(g)(µm)2
V/m
(kg)(m)/(s)3(A)
10-6
V/µm
(g)(µm)/(s)3(fA)
103
fC/(µm)2
(fA)(s)/(µm)2
10
[1]
C/(m)2 (A)(s)/(m)2
8.854 x 10-3 fF/µm.
1. 1.8.
MKS
uMKSVfA
MKS µMKSv 2
Weber (kg)(m) /(A)(s)
2
1
Weber
(g)(µm)2/(fA)(s)2
Tesla kg/(A)(s)2
10-12
A/m
A/m
109
fA/µm
fA/µm
A
A
1015
fA
fA
103
fA/(µm)2
fA/(µm)2
A/(m)2 A/(m)2 [1] H/m H
-
g/(fA)(s)2
(kg)(m)/(A)2(s)2 10-21
-
(g)(µm)/(fA)2(s)2
(kg)(m)2/(A)2(s)2 10-15
-
(g)(µm)2/(fA)2(s)2
4 π x 10-28 (g)(µm)/(fA)2(s)2.
1.
.
1.4.
GUI
. ANSYS ,
GUI. . ANSYS Commands Reference.
ANSYS
GUI
,
.
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. GUI
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* : PLANE53, PLANE121, SOLID122,
SOLID123.
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SOLID45
SOLID70
SOLID97, SOLID122[2] SOLID117[1]
SOLID92
SOLID87
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SOLID98
SOLID95
SOLID90
SOLID117, HF120
SOLID122
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SOLID5, SOLID69
PLANE42
PLANE55 PLANE13, PLANE121[2] PLANE53[2]
PLANE2
PLANE35
PLANE82
PLANE77 PLANE53
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FLUID142
FLUID141
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PLANE121
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SOLID5, SOLID69
PLANE67 PLANE67
334
Э
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SHELL63, SHELL181
SHELL57, SHELL131
-
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SHELL91, SHELL93
SHELL132
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FLUID142, SOLID70
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2.4.2.
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/FILNAME (Utility Menu> File> Change Jobname)). .
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FLOTRAN
Jobname.RMG
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Jobname.RTH
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Jobname.RST
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-
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2 5.0 in/sec 4.0 . , 2 . PHYSICS,READ,FLUID (Main Menu> Solution> Physics> Environment> Read) , 3.0 in/sec 2.0 “ ” : : FLOCHECK,2 GUI: 1.0 in/sec
0.0
. ,
335
Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Flocheck , 3.0 in/sec . , 5.0 in/sec 4 : : FLDATA4,TIME,BC,1
2 ,
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> FLOTRAN Set Up> Execution Ctrl , , SOLVE.
FLOTRAN
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2.5. . , . 1.
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• •
. PHYSICS,WRITE .
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:
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"Induct", Induct.PH1
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PHYSICS ANSYS.
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2.5.1.
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337
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338
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DAMORPH, DVMORPH, , .
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339
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2.5.2. . .
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. , .
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343
2.6.1.4.
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UPCOORD,-1. :
1.
: : PHYSICS,READ GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Physics> Environment> Read 344
2.
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3.
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1.
: : PHYSICS,READ GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Physics> Environment> Read
2.
: : SET GUI: 345
Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> Last Set 2.6.1.5. ESSOLV
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PHYSICS,READ GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Physics> Environment> Read 2.
: : SET GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> Last Set
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CFD
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CFD
:
1.
: : PHYSICS,READ GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Physics> Environment> Read
2.
CFD
: 349
: SET GUI: Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> Last Set 2.6.2.5. FSSOLV
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2.7.1.
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(Ti)
(To)
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350
Material Properties (
)
(
6
a = .1875 in.
Ti = 200°F
b = .40 in.
To = 70°F α = .65 x 10-5 in/in°F
E = 30 x 10 psi
c = .60 in.
) 6
E = 10.6 x 10 psi α = 1.35 x 10-5 in/in°F
ν = 0.3
ν = 0.33
K = 2.2 btu/hr-in-°F
K = 10.8 btu/hr-in-°F
: 1. 2.
. PREP7
.
, . 3. 4.
. . ,
. .
/batch,list /show /title, /prep7 et,1,plane77,,,1 ! PLANE77 mp,kxx,1,2.2 ! mp,kxx,2,10.8 ! rectng,.1875,.4,0,.05! rectng,.4,.6,0,.05 aglue,all numcmp,area asel,s,area,,1 aatt,1,1,1 asel,s,area,,2 aatt,2,1,1 asel,all esize,.05 amesh,all ! nsel,s,loc,x,.1875
–
/
351
d,all,temp,200 ! nsel,s,loc,x,.6 d,all,temp,70 nsel.all finish /solu solve finish /post1 path,radial,2 ! ppath,1,,.1875 ! ppath,2,,.6 pdef,temp,temp ! pasave,radial,filea ! plpath,temp ! finish /prep7 et,1,82,,,1 ! mp,ex,1,30e6 ! mp,alpx,1,.65e-5 mp,nuxy,1,.3 mp,ex,2,10.6e6 ! mp,alpx,2,1.35e-5 mp,nuxy,2,.33 nsel,s,loc,y,.05 ! cp,1,uy,all nsel,s,loc,x,.1875 cp,2,ux,all nsel,s,loc,y,0 d,all,uy,0 nsel,all finish /solu tref,70 ldread,temp,,,,,,rth ! solve finish /post1 paresu,radial,filea pmap,,mat pdef,sx,s,x ! pdef,sz,s,z ! plpath,sx,sz ! plpagm,sx,,node finish
, SOLID82
2.8.
– , .
. , .
, . :
1. 2.
. . 352
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. /batch,list /show /title, /prep7 et,1,plane77,,,1 mp,kxx,1,2.2 mp,kxx,2,10.8 rectng,.1875,.4,0,.05 rectng,.4,.6,0,.05 aglue, all numcmp,area asel,s,area,,11 aatt,1,1,1 asel,s,area,,2 aatt,2,1,1 asel,all esize,.05 amesh,all nsel,s,loc,x,.1875 d,all,temp,200 nsel,s,loc,x,.6 d,all,temp,70 nsel,all physics,write,thermal physics,clear
. . . . . . . .
– ! PLANE77 ! ! !
!
! !
! !
et,1,82,,,1 mp,ex,1,30e6 mp,aplx,1,.65e-5 mp,nuxy,1,.3 mp,ex,2,10.6e6 mp,alpx,2,1.35e-5 mp,nuxy,2,.33 nsel,s,loc,y,.05 cp,1,uy,all nsel,s,loc,x,.1875 cp,2,ux,all nsel,s,loc,y,0 d,all,uy,0 nsel,all tref,70 physics,write,struct save finish /solu physics,read,thermal
! !
solve finish /post1 path,radial,2 ppath,1,,.1875 ppath,2,,.6
!
, SOLID82
! !
! ! !
! !
353
pdef,temp,temp pasave,radial,filea plpath.temp finish /solu physics,read,struct ldread,temp,,,,,,rth solve finish /post1 paresu,raidal,filea pmap,,mat pdef,sx,s,x pdef,sz,s,z plpath,sx,sz plpagm,sx,,node finish
! ! !
! ! ! !
!
354
.
355
2.9.
– . . , . .
2.9.1. ,
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357
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1 "gasket."
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CM,GASKET,NODES GUI: Utility Menu> Select> Comp/Ass'y> Create Component •
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2.9.2.3. •
. 358
: PHYSICS,CLEAR GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Physics> Environment> Clear •
. FLUID141 ,
PLANE42. .
HYPER56
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( . gasket displacement (MGD)) ,
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2.
FLOTRAN ( ) : FLDATA2,ITER,EXEC,100 GUI: Main Menu> Solution> FLOTRAN Setup> Execution Control
3.
FLOTRAN. : SOLVE GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Run FLOTRAN
4.
. 360
: PHYSICS,READ,struc GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Physics> Environment> Read 5.
/ASSIGN . : /ASSIGN,esave,struc,esav /ASSIGN,emat,struc,emat GUI: Utility Menu> File> ANSYS File Options
6. . -
.
-
.
: PARSAV,ALL GUI: Utility Menu> Parameters> Save Parameters : RESUME GUI: Utility Menu> File> Resume Jobname.db : PARRES GUI: Utility Menu> Parameters> Restore Parameters 7.
.
361
: ANTYPE,STATIC,REST GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Restart 8.
/ FLOTRAN. LDREAD.
9. :
LDREAD,PRES,LAST,,,,,rfl GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> From Fluid Analy 10.
. : RESCONTROL,,NONE GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Nonlinear> Restart Control
11.
. : SOLVE GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Solve : SAVE GUI: Utility Menu> File> Save as Jobname.db
12.
( AREA2).
362
: DAMORPH,AREA2,,2 GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Modify Mesh> Refine At> Areas 13.
. GASKET
.
14. . 15.
gasket.grph.
2.9.3. -
,
.
0.5%.
FLOTRAN, . FLOTRAN
400 , 100. . ( (
)
)
.
363
, .
25%
,
.
, .
. : UPCOORD,-1 GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Other> Updt Node Coord
364
/Batch,list /prep7 /sho,gasket,grph shpp,off ET,1,141 ! ET,2,56, ! !!!!!!! – !!!!!!! ! !!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! | | ! | | ! |----------| ! | ______| ! | |______ ! | | ! |----------| ! | | ! !! 1. !! !! !! !! !! . !!
– . gasket.grph.
"
"
"
" (sf)
: – – .
365
!! !! !! yent = 0.0 ! Y dyen = 1.0 ! ysf1 = yent+dyen ! Y dsf1 = 0.5 ygas = ysf1+dsf1 ! Y dg = 0.02 ! dg2=dg/2. ytg = ygas+dg ! Y dsf2 = 0.5 ! ysf2 = ytg + dsf2! Y dyex = 6.0 ! x = 0. ! dgasr =.20 ! piper = 0.3 ! xrgap = piper-dgasr !! !!! !! rect,xrgap,piper,ygas,ytg rect,x,piper,ysf1,ysf2 rect,x,piper,yent,ysf1 rect,x,piper,ysf2,ysf2+dyex aovlap,all k,22,xrgap+dg2,ygas+dg2 rarc = dg2*1.1 larc,1,4,22,rarc al,6,4 adelete,7 al,6,3,22,7,8,5,21,1
! ! ! !
!! ngap = 10 ! ngas = 10 ! rgas = -2 ! nflu = ngap+ngas ! raflu = -3 ! nenty =8 ! raent =5 ! nfl1 = 20 ! nthgas = 4 ! nfl2 = 3 ! next = 30 ! rext = 6 rafls = 12 ! lesize,1,,,ngas,rgas lesize,3,,,ngas,rgas nfl11= nfl1*2+9 lsel,s,,,2,4,2 ! ( lesize,all,,,nthgas alls lesize,5,,,nflu,raflu lesize,7,,,nflu,raflu lesize,9,,,nflu,raflu lesize,15,,,nflu,raflu lesize,18,,,nenty,1./raent lesize,17,,,nenty,1./raent lesize,21,,,nfl1,rafls lesize,8,,,nfl11,-1./(rafls+3) lesize,22,,,nfl1,rafls lesize,19,,,next,rext lesize,20,,,next,rext
A1: A2: A3: A4:
(
1-4)
–
.
– –
. -
lesize
8
.
)
366
!!! AATT,MAT,REAL,TYPE asel,s,,,1,2 aatt,2,2,2 ! asel,s,,,3 cm,area2,area alist ! asel,a,,,5,6 aatt,1,1,1 alls
!
(
2)
, (
1)
eshape,2 asel,u,,,2,3 amesh,all eshape,0 asel,s,,,2,3 amesh,all !----------------!!!!! gasket.grph asel,s,,,1,3 esla,s /Title, eplot /ZOOM,1,RECT,0.3,-0.6,0.4,-0.5 alls !----------------!! !!!!! 2. et,1,141 et,2,0 ! vin=3.5e-1 ! (meters/second) !! CFD flda,solu,flow,1 flda,solu,turb,1 flda,iter,exec,400 flda,outp,sumf,10 !! CFD flda,prot,dens,constant flda,prot,visc,constant flda,nomi,dens,1000. ! 1000 kg/m3 flda,nomi,visc,4.6E-4 ! 4.6E-4 kg-s/m ( ) flda,conv,pres,1.E-8 ! !! CFD ( ) lsel,s,,,8,17,9 lsel,a,,,20 dl,all,,vx,0.,1 ! lsel,s,,,9 dl,all,,vx,0.,1 dl,all,,vy,vin,1 ! lsel,s,,,2 lsel,a,,,18,19 lsel,a,,,21,22 dl,all,,vx,0.,1 ! dl,all,,vy,0.,1 lsel,s,,,1,3,2 lsel,a,,,6 dl,all,,vx,0.,1 ! dl,all,,vy,0.,1 lsel,s,,,15 dl,15,,pres,0.,1 ! !!! lsel,s,,,1 nsll,,1
367
cm,gasket,node nlist ! /com, +++++++++
--------
alls /title, physics,write,fluid,fluid !! !!!!! 3. !! physics,clear et,1,0 ! et,2,56 ! mp,ex,2,2.82E+6 ! mp,nuxy,2,0.49967 ! tb,mooney,2 tbdata,1,0.293E+6 ! tbdata,2,0.177E+6 ! " lsel,s,,,2 nsll,,1 d,all,ux,0. d,all,uy,0. alls
-
"
2
Mooney-Rivlin "
!
/title, finish /solu antype,static nlgeom,on cnvtol,f,,,,-1 physics,write,struc,struc physics,clear save !! !!!!! 4. !! loop=25 ! toler=0.005 ! *dim,dismax,array,loop ! *dim,strcri,array,loop ! *dim,index,array,loop *do,i,1,loop /solu physics,read,fluid *if,i,ne,1,then flda,iter,exec,100 *endif solve fini ! end of fluid portion physics,read,struc /assign,esave,struc,esav /assign,emat,struc,emat *if,i,gt,1,then ! parsave,all ! resume ! ! parresume ! /prep7 antype,stat,rest fini *endif
-
!
->
! ! ! !
100 FLOTRAN
! !
368
/solu solc,off lsel,s,,,1,3,2 ! lsel,a,,,6 ! nsll,,1 esel,s,type,,2 ldread,pres,last,,,,,rfl ! alls rescontrol,,none ! solve *if,i,eq,1,then save ! *endif fini /post1 cmsel,s,gasket nsort,u,sum,1,1 *get,dismax(i),sort,0,max strcri(i)=toler*dismax(i) alls fini
(
)
Flotran
!
/prep7 mkey=2 ! damorph,area2, ,mkey ! !---------------!!!!! fini /prep7 et,1,42 asel,s,,,1,3 esla,s /Title, EPLOT DAMORPH,area2, ,%mkey% eplot alls !----------------cmsel,s,gasket nlist ! /com, +++++++++ alls fini /assign,esav /assign,emat
gasket.grph
%i%
--------
!!!! imax= i index(i)=i *if,i,gt,1,then strcri(i)=abs(dismax(i)-dismax(i-1))-toler*dismax(i-1) *if,strcri(i),le,0,then strcri(i)=0 *exit ! *endif *endif *enddo !!!!! save ! !!!!! *vwrite (/' /nopr
.
-
')
369
*vlen,imax *vwrite,index(1),dismax(1),strcri(1) (f7.0,2e17.4) finish !!!!! !!! 1. physics,read,fluid /post1 set,last /Title, Flotran: plnsol,strm /Title, Flotran: plnsol,pres fini !!! 2. physics,read,struc /post1 set,last upcoord,-1 ! /Title, plnsol,s,eqv,1,1 fini !/exit,nosave
Flotran.
.
:
von Mises
2.10. . . , .
2.10.1.
. .
.
. , .
,
, . .
2.10.2.
. 370
700° . , .
, . / ,
,
.
,
,
.
. 2.10.2.1.
1:
1
2
1
2
3
1 371
2.10.2.2.
2
1
1
3
2
3
2: .
. .
2.10.2.3.
3:
.
,
.
Э
.
PLANE13
MURX(T), RSVX(T)
PLANE13
MURX
PLANE13
MURX
Type (0) •
.
• •
. . : PHYSICS,WRITE GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Physics> Environment
2.10.2.4.
4:
. :
•
. : 372
PHYSICS,CLEAR GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Physics> Environment •
KEYOPT .
( ). .
KXX(T), ENTH(T)
PLANE55 Type (0) Type
e
(0) SURF151
EMIS
• •
. , . .
•
. : PHYSICS,WRITE
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Physics> Environment> Write Main Menu> Solution> Physics> Environment> Write 2.10.2.5.
5:
. . 373
: PHYSICS,READ GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Physics> EnvironmentMain Menu> Solution> Physics> Environment> Read 2.10.2.6.
6: *DO
DO , . .
: SOLVE GUI: Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS •
. : LDREAD GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Temperature> From Therm Analy
•
,
ESAV
EMAT
/ASSIGN. : /ASSIGN GUI: Utility Menu> File> ANSYS File Options •
. : PHYSICS,READ
374
GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Physics> Environment> Read •
. : LDREAD GUI: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Define Loads> Apply> Thermal> Heat Generat> From Mag Analy
• •
∆. . : /ASSIGN GUI: Utility Menu> File> ANSYS File Options
2.10.2.7.
7:
. ∆t.
2.10.2.8.
8:
. .
2.10.2.9.
. .
/batch,list /filenam,induc /prep7 shpp,off /title, /com, et,1,13,,,1 et,2,13,,,1 et,3,151,,,1,1,1 r,3,0 row=.015 ric=.0175 roc=.0200 ro=.05 t=.001 freq=150000 pi=4*atan(1)
! PLANE13, ! SURF151, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ( !
,
AZ
, SURF151
.)
375
cond=.392e7 ! muzero=4e-7*pi ! mur=200 ! skind=sqrt(1/(pi*freq*cond*muzero*mur)) ! ftime=3 ! tinc=.05 ! time=0 ! delt=.01 ! emunit,mks ! mp,murx,1,1 ! mp,murx,3,1 ! mptemp,1,25.5,160,291.5,477.6,635,698 !
-
mptemp,7,709,720.3,742,761,1000 mpdata,murx,2,1,200,190,182,161,135,104 ! mpdata,murx,2,7,84,35,17,1,1 mptemp mptemp,1,0,125,250,375,500,625 ! mptemp,7,750,875,1000 mpdata,rsvx,2,1,.184e-6,.272e-6,.384e-6,.512e-6,.656e-6,.824e-6 mpdata,rsvx,2,7,1.032e-6,1.152e-6,1.2e-6 ! rectng,0,row,0,t ! rectng,row,ric,0,t ! rectng,ric,roc,0,t ! rectng,roc,ro,0,t ! ( ) aglue,all numcmp,area ksel,s,loc,x,row ! kesize,all,skind/2 ! / ! . ksel,s,loc,x,0 ! kesize,all,40*skind ! lsel,s,loc,y,t/2 ! lesize,all,,,1 ! 1 lsel,all asel,s,area,,1 aatt,2,1,1 ! asel,s,area,,3 aatt,3,1,2 ! asel,s,area,,2,4,2 aatt,1,1,2 ! asel,all mshape,0,2d mshk,1 amesh,1 ! lsel,s,loc,y,0 lsel,a,loc,y,t lsel,u,loc,x,row/2 lesize,all,.001 lsel,all amesh,all ! n ! SURF151 *get,nmax,node,,num,max lsel,s,loc,x,row type,3 real,3 mat,2 lmesh,all *get,emax,elem,,num,max emodif,emax,3,nmax ! , ! et,3,0 ! 3 nsel,s,loc,x d,all,az,0 ! .
376
nsel,all esel,s,mat,,3 bfe,all,js,,,,15e6 ! esel,all finish /solu antyp,harm harfrq,150000 physics,write,emag ! finish /prep7 lsclear,all ! et,1,55,,,1 ! PLANE55 et,2,0 ! et,3,151,,,1,1,1 ! SURF151 keyopt,3,9,1 r,3,1,5.67e-8 ! , mptemp mptemp,1,0,730,930,1000 ! mpdata,kxx,2,1,60.64,29.5,28,28 mptemp ! mptemp,1,0,27,127,327,527,727 mptemp,7,765,765.001,927 mpdata,enth,2,1,0,91609056,453285756,1.2748e9,2.2519e9,3.3396e9 mpdata,enth,2,7,3.548547e9,3.548556e9,4.3520e9 mp,emis,2,.68 ! finish /solu antype,trans toffst,273 tunif,100 ! d,nmax,temp,25 ! cnvtol,heat,1 ! kbc,1 ! trnopt,full autos,on ! deltim,1e-5,1e-6,delt,on outres,basic,all ! physics,write,thermal ! finish *do,i,1,ftime/tinc ! time=time+tinc ! physics,read,emag ! / /solu *if,i,eq,1,then tunif,100 ! *else ldread,temp,last,,,,,rth ! *endif solve ! finish physics,read,thermal ! /assign,esav,therm,esav ! ! /assign,emat,therm,emat /solu *if,i,gt,1,then antype,trans,rest ! *endif time,time ! esel,s,mat,,2 ! ldread,hgen,,,,2,,rmg ! ,
/
esel,all
377
solve finish /assign,esav /assign,emat *enddo finish save /post26 /show nsol,2,1,temp,,tempcl nsol,3,2,temp,,tempsurf plvar,2,3 prvar,2,3 finish
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
-
2.10.2.10.
2.11.
–
.
,
-
,
ESSOLV.
2.11.1.
. , ,
.
.
. . 378
2.11.2.
(
) .
/batch,list /prep7, Silicon beam deflection from an applied voltage et,1,121 et,2,121 emunit,epzro,8.854e-6 mp,perx,2,1 !
! ! ! !
PLANE121
bl=150 bh=2.0 glc=bl/2 gl=90 gh=1.5
! ! ! ! !
(µm)
gap=4.5 vltg=120
! !
,
µMKSV
rectng,0,bl,gap,bh+gap ! rectng,glc-gl/2,glc+gl/2,-gh,0 rectng,-10,170,-20,30 aovlap,all asel,s,area,,1 aatt,1,,1
!
asel,s,area,,4 cm,air,area aatt,2,,2
! !
allsel,all smrtsiz,2 amesh,1 mshape,1 amesh,4
! !
asel,s,area,,1 lsla,s dl,all,,volt,vltg
!
asel,s,area,,2 lsla,s dl,all,,volt,0
!
allsel,all et,1,0 physics,write,ELECTROS physics,clear
! ! !
(
)
379
et,1,82,,,2 et,2,0
! !
mp,ex,1,170e3 mp,nuxy,1,0.34
!
dl,4,,ux,0 dl,4,,uy,0
!
allsel,all finish physics,write,STRUCTURE
µN/(µm)**2
!
ESSOLV,'ELECTROS','STRUCTURE',2,0,'air',,,,10
!
finish physics,read,ELECTROS /post1 set,last esel,s,mat,,2 etable,fx,fmag,x etable,fy,fmag,y ssum finish
2.12.
! ! ! ! !
FSSOLV
,
,
-
,
FSSOLV.
2.12.1.
. . . ,
.
2.12.2.
(
). .
/BATCH,list /Title,
,
.
380
!! !!!!! 0. !! fact=1.0e-3 length=.75*fact d0 =.005*fact d1 =.04*fact d2 =.02*fact
. ! ! ! ! !
dcen=d1+0.5*d0 widt=d0+d1+d2 dl =widt elsi=0.5*d0
! !
modx=70.0e9 nust=0.3
! !
denw=1.0e3 visw=1.0e-3 vin =8.85e-3
! ! !
/PREP7 !! !!!!! 1. !! et,1,141 et,2,141 rect,,length+dl,,widt rect,,length,d1,d1+d0 aovlap,all numcmp,area ASEL,S,loc,y,dcen ASEL,INVERT AATT,1,,1 type,1 ASEL,INVERT aatt,2,,2 type,2 alls esize,elsi amesh,all alls fini
!
(
! !
/prep7 !! !!!!! 2. !! et,1,141 et,2,0 ! !! flda,solu,flow,1 flda,solu,turb,1 flda,advm,mome,supg flda,advm,turb,supg flda,iter,exec,100 flda,outp,sumf,10 !! flda,prot,dens,constant flda,prot,visc,constant flda,nomi,dens,denw flda,nomi,visc,visw flda,conv,pres,1.E-9 !! CFD
/
)
Flotran
CFD
CFD ! 1000 kg/m3 ! 4.6E-4 kg-s/m ( !
)
381
lsel,s,loc,x,0 lsel,u,loc,y,dcen dl,all,,vy,0.,1 dl,all,,vx,vin,1 lsel,s,loc,y,0 lsel,a,loc,y,widt dl,all,,vx,0.,1 dl,all,,vy,0.,1 asel,s,type,,2 lsla,s dl,all,,vx,0.,1 dl,all,,vy,0.,1
!
!
!
lsel,s,loc,x,length+dl dl,all,,pres,0.,1 ! asel,s,type,,1 cm,area2,area alls fini
!
/title, physics,write,fluid,fluid physics,clear /prep7 !! !!!!! 3. !! et,1,0 et,2,42 mp,ex,2,modx mp,nuxy,2,nust LSEL,S,LOC,Y,dcen LSEL,R,LOC,X,0 dl,all,,UX,0 dl,all,,UY,0 alls fini
!
!
X=0
/title,Structural Analysis physics,write,struc,struc physics,clear !! !!!!! 4. FSSOLV !!!!! !! FSSOLV,'fluid','struc',2,'area2', ,,,,25,40,1,1 /exit,nosa
3.
.
3.1. ,
. .
. 382
ANSYS/FLOTRAN ,
. –
: •
,
, .
• •
, ,
,
.
,
.
.
. ,
,
, .
,
( ). ,
.
3.2.
. ,
/ . . ,
/
. .
, .
.
383
: . .
•
• • •
•
• •
•
•
/
/
•
3.3. Э
.
ANSYS/FLOTRAN: FLUID141 FLOTRAN Analysis Guide.
FLUID142. ANSYS Elements Reference
ANSYS CFD Flotran
, . ,
.
HYPER PLANE2
SOLID45
BEAM3
SHELL63
HYPER56
PLANE42
SOLID92
BEAM23 SHELL93
HYPER84
PLANE82
SOLID95
BEAM188 SHELL181
HYPER86
PLANE182 SOLID185
BEAM189
PLANE183 SOLID186 SOLID187
PLANE35
SOLID70
PLANE55
SOLID87
SHELL57
SOLID90
384
PLANE13
SOLID5
PLANE67
SOLID62
SHELL157
SOLID69 SOLID98
3.4. . : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
. . . . .
3.4.1.
. . , . /
. ,
Guide
. ANSYS CFD Flotran Analysis Guide. ANSYS Structural Analysis
ANSYS Thermal Analysis Guide.
3.4.2.
. .
SFA, SFE,
SF
(SF,
FSIN.
SFL) : SF, SFA, SFE,
. SFL ,
. ,
.
3.4.3.
. , .
3.4.3.1.
. 385
. ,
,
,
. . .
FSAN (
FSAN,OFF ).
FSOR , FSOR,FLUID,SOLID. .
.
. .
FSTR . ANTYPE
( FSTR
,
). ,
FLDATA1.
FSIN . ,
, : :
•
,
,
.
•
. : • •
. .
GUI
:
GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>FSI Set Up>Options Main Menu>Solution>FSI Set Up>Options 3.4.3.2.
.
. FSTI. 386
. . . : : FSTI GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>FSI Set Up>Time Main Menu>Solution>FSI Set Up>Time : : FSDT GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>FSI Set Up>Time Main Menu>Solution>FSI Set Up>Time
DELTIM and FLDATA4,TIME,STEP,Value
. . , ,
FSDT. 3.4.3.3.
.
. . ,
. ,
,
. : : FSIT GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>FSI Set Up>Iterations 387
Main Menu>Solution>FSI Set Up>Iterations 10
.
3.4.3.4.
. , .
(
)
,
. : : FSCO GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>FSI Set Up>Convergence Main Menu>Solution>FSI Set Up>Convergence 0.0001. . : Conv = log (εx/εmin)/(log εmax/εmin) : εx = L2
,
εmin =
.
,
εmax =
FSCO (
100)
,
.
, :
εx ≤ εmin, Conv ≤ 0 εx ≥ εmax, Conv ≥ 1 3.4.3.5.
. . . N-
. (Jobname.RST
(Jobname.RFL) Jobname.RTH). 388
: : FSOU GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>FSI Set Up>Convergence Main Menu>Solution>FSI Set Up>Convergence FLDATA2, FLDATA4, FLDATA4A, FLDATA5, ,
OUTRES .
,
FSOU 3.4.3.6.
.
. ,
,
,
.
,
1.0. :
: FSRE GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>FSI Set Up>Relaxation Main Menu>Solution>FSI Set Up>Relaxation 3.4.3.7.
. , : :
FSST GUI: Main Menu>Preprocessor>FSI Set Up>Status Main Menu>Solution>FSI Set Up>Status
3.4.4.
. : : 389
SOLVE GUI: Main Menu>Solution>Current LS
: : FSRS GUI: Main Menu>Solution>FSI Set Up>Restart
.
3.4.5.
POST1
. . POST26.
,
ANSYS
. Jobname.RFL Jobname.RST Jobname.RTH.
An Overview of
Postprocessing ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide.
3.5.
. :
•
,
, .
, ,
.
• • •
. DDS ,
. , FLDATA16,BULK,BETA.
,
•
,
ALPHAD and
BETAD.
390
3.6. (
).
3.6.1.
. . .
/
.
. .
3.6.2.
. : = 1.0 = 0.25 = 0.10 : = 1.0e11 = 10 = 0.3 : = 10000 = 1.0 = 0.001 = 1.0 = 1.0 0.85.
3.6.3.
.
391
3.6.4.
.
/BATCH MAXDISP = 0.85 *DEL,_FNCNAME *DEL,_FNCMTID *DEL,_FNC_C1 *DEL,_FNC_C2 *SET,_FNCNAME,'uxdsp' *DIM,_FNC_C1,,1 *DIM,_FNC_C2,,1 *SET,_FNC_C1(1),MAXDISP
392
*SET,_FNC_C2(1),2.5 ! /INPUT,time.func *DIM,%_FNCNAME%,TABLE,6,4,1 ! : a*sin(omega*{TIME}) %_FNCNAME%(0,0,1)= 0.0, -999 %_FNCNAME%(2,0,1)= 0.0 %_FNCNAME%(3,0,1)= %_FNC_C1(1)% %_FNCNAME%(4,0,1)= %_FNC_C2(1)% %_FNCNAME%(5,0,1)= 0.0 %_FNCNAME%(6,0,1)= 0.0 %_FNCNAME%(0,1,1)= 1.0, -1, 0, 1, 18, 3, %_FNCNAME%(0,2,1)= 0.0, -1, 9, 1, -1, 0, %_FNCNAME%(0,3,1)= 0, -2, 0, 1, 17, 3, %_FNCNAME%(0,4,1)= 0.0, 99, 0, 1, -2, 0, ! : a*sin(omega*{TIME}) !--> /PREP7 ET,1,141 KEYOPT,1,4,1 ET,2,42 RECT,0.1,1.0,,0.25 TYPE,1 LESIZE,4,,,4 LESIZE,2,,,4 LESIZE,1,,,8 LESIZE,3,,,8 ALLSEL AMESH,ALL ALLSEL,BELOW,AREA NSEL,R,LOC,X,0.1 SF,ALL,FSIN,1 ALLSEL,BELOW,AREA NSEL,R,LOC,X,1 D,ALL,UX,0 D, ALL, UY,0 D, ALL, PRES,0 ALLSEL, BELOW, AREA NSEL,R,LOC,Y,0 D, ALL, UY,0 D, ALL, VY,0 ALLSEL, BELOW, AREA NSEL,R,LOC,Y,0.25 D,ALL,UY,0 D,ALL,VY,0 ALLSEL RECT,,0.1,,0.25 LESIZE,5,,,2 LESIZE,7,,,2 LESIZE,8,,,4 LESIZE,6,,,4 TYPE,2 MAT,1 ALLSEL ASEL,S,,,2 ALLSEL,BELOW,AREA AMESH,ALL ALLSEL,BELOW,AREA NSEL,R,LOC,X,0.1 SF,ALL,FSIN,1 ALLSEL,BELOW,AREA NSEL,R,EXT D,ALL,UX,%uxdsp% D,ALL,UY,0 ALLSEL
1 0 -1 0
393
! MP,EX,1,2.0E11 MP,DENS,1,7800 MP,PRXY,1,0.3 FLDATA1,SOLU,FLOW,1 FLDATA1,SOLU,TEMP,0 FLDATA1,SOLU,TRAN,1 FLDATA1,SOLU,ALE,1 FLDATA2,TIME,GLOB,10, ! FLDATA7,PROT,DENS,AIR-SI FLDATA7,PROT,VISC,AIR-SI FINISH /SOLU FSAN,ON FSCO,ALL,1.0e-2 FSRE,ALL,1.0 FSOU,1 DELTIM,0.0125 FLDA, TIME, STEP, 0.0125 FSIT, 10 FSTI, 1.0 FSDT,0.0125 FSOR,SOLID ) FSTR,SOLID, FSTR,FLUID, SAVE SOLVE SAVE FINISH /SOLU FSRS,TIME,1.0 FSTI,1.25 FSDT,0.0125 SOLVE SAVE FINISH /POST26 FILE,,rfl NSOL,2,23,UX NSOL,3,23,VX PRVAR,2 PLVAR,2 PRVAR,3 PLVAR,3 FINISH
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
FSI
SOLID FLUID
-
! !
(SOLID SOLID FLUID
! ! !
3.7. (
)
3.7.1. , .
. . .
3.7.2.
. 394
: = 2.0e9 N/m2 = 7800 Kg/m3 = 0.3 : = Air-SI = Air-SI
3.7.3.
395
3.7.4. /batch a=1.0 b=1.0 gap=0.8*a/2 thick=0.01*a c=0.5*a /PREP7 smrt,off et,1,142 et,2,45 et,3,141 et,4,42 keyopt,1,4,1 keyopt,3,4,1 msha,0 mshk,1 rect,0,gap,0,b/2-thick rect,0,gap,b/2-thick,b/2+thick rect,0,gap,b/2+thick,b rect,gap,a/2,0,b/2-thick rect,gap,a/2,b/2-thick,b/2+thick rect,gap,a/2,b/2+thick,b nummrg,kp numcmp,all nx1=16-4 lesi,1,,,nx1,-1,1 lesi,3,,,nx1,-1,1 lesi,6,,,nx1,-1,1 lesi,9,,,nx1,-1,1 nx2=6-2 lesi,11,,,nx2,1,1 lesi,13,,,nx2,1/1,1 lesi,15,,,nx2,1/1,1 lesi,17,,,nx2,1/1,1 ny1=2
396
lesi,7,,,ny1,1,1 lesi,5,,,ny1,1,1 lesi,14,,,ny1,1,1 ny2=20-4 lesi,4,,,ny2,-2,1 lesi,2,,,ny2,-2,1 lesi,12,,,ny2,-2,1 lesi,10,,,ny2,-2,1 lesi,8,,,ny2,-2,1 lesi,16,,,ny2,-2,1 asel,s,,,2 aatt,,,4 asel,inve aatt,,,3 alls amesh,all agen,2,2 aclear,2 adel,2,,,1 type,1 asel,s,type,,3 esiz,,6 vext,all,,,0,0,c asel,s,type,,4 type,2 vext,all,,,0,0,c alls aclear,all etdel,3 etdel,4 asel,s,,,11 asel,a,,,16,22,3 asel,a,,,26 nsla,s,1 d,all,vx,0 d,all,vy,0 d,all,vz,0 d,all,uz,0 d,all,ux,0 !*** ! asel,s,,,29,31 nsla,s,1 sf,all,fsin,1 ! asel,s,,,10,13,3 asel,a,,,24 nsla,s,1 sf,all,fsin,1 !*** asel,s,,,8,18,10 nsla,s,1 d,all,ux,0 d,all,uy,0 d,all,uz,0
397
d,all,vx,0 d,all,vy,1.0 d,all,vz,0 asel,s,,,15,27,12 nsla,s,1 d,all,pres,0 asel,s,,,32 nsla,s,1 d,all,ux,0 d,all,uy,0 d,all,uz,0 ! asel,s,,,1,6 asel,a,,,12,17,5 asel,a,,,25 nsla,s,1 d,all,vz,0 d,all,uz,0 alls fini /solu flda,solu,flow,1 flda,solu,ale,1 flda,solu,turb,1 flda,solu,tran,1 flda,iter,exec,50 !Fluid Properties flda,prot,dens,air-si flda,prot,visc,air-si !Solid Properties mp,ex,1,2.1e11/1000 mp,nuxy,1,0.3 mp,dens,1,7800 fsan,on fsco,all,1.0e-1 fsre,all,0.5 fsou,1 fsit,5 fsti,0.05 fsdt,0.01 fsor,fluid fstr,solid, fstr,fluid, deltim,0.01 flda,time,step,0.01 save solve save fini /solu !*** asel,s,,,8,18,10 nsla,s,1 d,all,ux,0 d,all,uy,0 d,all,uz,0 d,all,vx,0 d,all,vy,0 d,all,vz,0 allsel
! ! ! FSI ! FSI ! ! FSI ! FSI delta time ! ! analysis !
(FSI)
398
fsrs,time,0.05 fsti,0.1 solve save fini /post1 file,,rst set,last prnsol,u,sum plnsol,u,sum prnsol,v,sum plnsol,v,sum fini
399