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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY
HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE
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GREAT NATIONS ANCIENT GREECE
GREAT NATIONS /« active preparation
ROME FRANCE
GERMANY IRELAND
By H. L. HaveU, B.A. By Professor W. H. Hudson By T. W. RoUeston By Eleanor HuU and
Professor Stanley Lane-Poole
SCOTLAND By R. L. MEDIEVAL ITALY
Mackie, M.A.
By H. CotteriU,
B.
M.A.
IBB>ES-J9Bi^iB.«i
^5
I
2.
White Attic Lekythus REii-Fir,iiKF,p
Lekythus
ANCIENT GREECE & A SKETCH OF
ITS
4RT LITERATURE
PHILO
SOPHY VIEWED IN CONNEXION WITH ITS EXTERNAL HISTORY FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO THE AGE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT
BY
H.
B.
COTTERILL
M.A.
Translator of the " Odyssey " Editor of " Selections from the Inferno" Goethe's "Iphigenie" Milton's "Areopagitica" Virgil's " Aeneid "
I
and VI
etc.
NEW YORK FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY PUBLISHERS E,y,
Df 11
l\.^8?>3
,
77
PRINTED AT THE BAULANTYNE PRESS LONDON
ENGLAND
PREFACE
WHEN
the attempt is made in a book ot this size to give a continuous account of the external history of Greece, and into this framework to fit a number of sketches descriptive of its art, hterature, and philosophy, as well as other matters, it is of course necessary to omit many details and to rely on whatever skill one may happen to possess in selection and combination. In regard to antiquities and literature, I have drawn attention chiefly to what is extant and of general interest, and have trusted to description, illustration, and quotation rather than to disquisition and criticism. The Sections appended to each chapter treat subjects that are closely connected with the period
covered by the chapter. Any of these Sections can be omitted without seriously interrupting continuity. Temples, Dress, Coins, and Vases have been relegated to Notes at the end of the volume, seeing that they are not specially connected with any one period. The letters B.C. (but not a.d.) have been generally omitted, as unnecessary in a book on Ancient Greece. To name in full all the books that one has to use in such work is unnecessary, but, since space did not always allow of exact reference on occasions when I annexed a fact or a sentiment, it is right that I should here acknowledge my obligations to Baikie, Berard, Bergk, Berthe following modern writers noulU, Buchholz, Burrows, Bury, Busolt, Butcher, Archer Butler, Chamberlain (Grundlagen), Christ, Dawkins, Deussen, Diehl, Donaldson, Dorpfeld, Dussaud, Sir A. J. Evans, Frazer {Pausanias), Furtwangler, E. Gardner, P. Gardner, Gomperz, Grote, Hall, Miss Harrison, Head, Hill, Hogarth, Holm, V :
PREFACE
Mahatty,
Lang, W. I.eaf Lowy, A. Murray, G. Murray, MelTzer. iover, Mosso. A. S. RidgeRawlinson, Canon Rawlinson, pJev Petrie Sir H. SchucMt, RitteTand Preller, Schlegel, Schliemann H. B. Walters, Tsountas, Smith, W. Smith, Smith. G.
Hommel
(Chronology). A.
^
wt
A H
Wilamowitz.'wood (Efhesus).
Zeller,
Zimmermann.
Also in regard to the illustrations, my thanks are due to Mr. Hasluck, of the British School in Athens, and (especially in regard to vases) to Professor H. Thiersch, of Freiburg, as well as to many others whose names are mentioned in the I^ist. Some of the illustrations supplied by F. Bruckmann and Co. others are from their fine series of Greek and Roman Portraits ;
are from Bernoulli's Griechische Ikonographie. The autotypes of coins in Plates I-VI are reproductions which I was permitted
by the courtesy of the
Director of the British
Museum to make
from Mr. Head's official Guide to the Coins of the Ancients. In quoting Herodotus I have, with the permission of Mr. John Murray, frequently made use of Canon Rawlinson's version, and in translating Thucydides I sometimes accepted the guidance of Dale. For the compilation of the index I am indebted to Mr. C. C. Wood. H. B. Freiburg im Breisgau, March 191
Vl
C.
CONTENTS I.
The
Aegaean Civiwzation Supremacy Sections
A. I/anguage
:
and
:
Tim
Achaean i
Writing.
The
B.
Old
Religion. C. The Homeric Age' and Homer. D. Chronology of Aegaean and other Contemporary Civilizations. '
II.
The Dark Age
74
Dipylon Antiquities. B. Hesiod A. C. The Phoenicians and some other Nations during the Dark Age.
Sections
III.
'
:
'
From the First Olympiad to Peisistratus Sections A. Egypt and Cyrene. B. I/ydia Eastern Kings. C. The Games. D. The Poets.
.
:
IV.
113 of
The Age of Peisistratus and the Rise of '
Persia
172
a. Poets and Philosophers. Sculpture and Architecture.
SECTIONS
V.
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