Analysis of rubber and rubber-like polymers [4th ed.] 0412819708, 9780412819704

This book, now in its 4th edition provides a central source of information of tried and tested techniques on the analysi

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English Pages 399 Year 1998

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Table of contents :
Front Matter......Page 1
Preface......Page 3
Acknowledgements......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 0
Table of Contents......Page 7
The Nature of Materials......Page 12
The Historical Perspective......Page 15
Scope of the Book......Page 25
The Analytical Problem......Page 27
Compositional Categories......Page 30
References......Page 33
Analysis of Average Composition......Page 36
Homogenization of Sample......Page 38
Analysis of Localized Composition......Page 39
Sample Preparation......Page 40
Preliminary Remarks......Page 42
Nature of the Extraction Process......Page 43
Standard Apparatus for Determination of Extract Level......Page 48
Choice of Solvent......Page 49
Time of Extraction......Page 51
Rapid Extraction......Page 52
Microwave Extraction......Page 53
Micro Scale Extraction......Page 54
Multiple Extractions......Page 55
Specific Extractions......Page 56
Supercritical Fluid Extraction......Page 57
Latex......Page 58
Thermal Extraction......Page 59
Adsorption/Extraction......Page 60
References......Page 63
4. Analysis of Extracts......Page 65
Identifications with no Separation......Page 66
Identification with Separation......Page 76
Identification after Separation......Page 88
References......Page 90
5. Solution Methods......Page 92
Theoretical Considerations......Page 93
Practical Considerations......Page 99
References......Page 104
Carbon and Hydrogen......Page 106
Nitrogen......Page 107
Oxygen......Page 109
Chlorine and Bromine......Page 111
Fluorine......Page 114
Silicon......Page 116
Phosphorus......Page 117
Sulphur......Page 120
Ion Chromatography (IC)......Page 134
References......Page 137
Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)......Page 140
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)......Page 154
Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography (PGC)......Page 159
Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG)......Page 165
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)......Page 174
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)......Page 179
References......Page 182
Molar Mass......Page 185
Microstructure......Page 204
Metathesis......Page 212
Latex Particle Sizing......Page 213
References......Page 216
Light Microscopy (LM)......Page 219
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)......Page 220
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)......Page 222
SEM Based Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (S(T)EM)......Page 223
TEM Based Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)......Page 225
Microtomy and Associated Techniques......Page 226
Chemical Staining......Page 237
Chemical Etching......Page 240
Case Study......Page 242
Swollen Vulcanized Elastomer Network Observation......Page 249
References......Page 253
Ashing......Page 254
Bulk Filler Analysis......Page 262
Analysis of Prepared Solutions......Page 263
Total Sample Elemental Analysis......Page 267
References......Page 274
Obtaining Free Carbon Black from the Rubber Matrix......Page 276
Types of Carbon Black......Page 278
Analysis of Carbon Black Type......Page 281
Surface Area Measurements......Page 285
Black Type by Thermogravimetry......Page 290
Carbon Black Dispersion in Vulcanizates......Page 295
Other Techniques Used to Examine Carbon Black......Page 296
References......Page 298
Polymer Content......Page 301
Formulation Derivation......Page 314
Formulation Calculation......Page 320
References......Page 321
True Blooms......Page 323
Pseudo Blooms......Page 325
Staining/Discoloration......Page 326
Pre-Analytical Check-List......Page 328
Analytical Methods......Page 330
Removal of Bloom Prior to Analysis......Page 331
References......Page 334
Introduction......Page 336
Meaningful Information from Imprecise Data......Page 339
Traceability......Page 352
Validation of Analytical Methods......Page 354
References......Page 357
Appendix A: Table of Official National and International Standards......Page 358
Appendix B: Elastomers: Nomenclature, Description and Properties......Page 363
Appendix C: Intercorrelation of Analytical Techniques......Page 370
Author Index......Page 372
A......Page 382
B......Page 383
C......Page 384
D......Page 385
E......Page 386
F......Page 387
H......Page 388
L......Page 389
M......Page 390
N......Page 391
P......Page 392
Q......Page 393
S......Page 394
T......Page 397
V......Page 398
Z......Page 399

Analysis of rubber and rubber-like polymers   [4th ed.]
 0412819708, 9780412819704

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