Aesthetics & the Philosophy of Spirit: From Plotinus to Schelling and Hegel 2004022834, 0820476323

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John Shannon Hendrix

AESTHETICS & THE PHILOSOPHY OF SPIRIT From Plotinus to Schelling and Hegel

PETER LANG New York· Washington, D.C/Baltimore • Bern Frankfurt am Main • Berlin • Brussels· Vienna· Oxford

PETER LANG New York· Washington, D.C/Baltimore· Bern Frankfurt am Main· Berlin • Brussels • Vienna· Oxford

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hendrix, John Shannon. Aesthetics and the philosophy of spirit: From Plotinus to Schelling and Hegel/John Shannon Hendrix. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Plotinus-Aesthetics. 2. Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, 1775-1854Aesthetics. 3. Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770-1831-Aesthetics. 4. Aesthetics--History. I. Title. B693.z7H43 111' .85'09-dc22 2004022834 ISBN 0-8204-7632-3

Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek. Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the "Deutsche Nationalbibliografie"; detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de/.

Cover design by Joni Holst Cover illustration: Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840), Two Men Observing the Moon, 1819-20, detail, Gemaeldegalerie, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden, Germany (Photo credit: Erich Lessing, Art Resource, NY) The paper in this book meets the gUidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council of Library Resources.

© 2005 Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., New York 275 Seventh Avenue, 28th Floor, New York, NY 10001 www.peterlangusa.com All rights reserved. Reprint or reproduction, even partially, in all forms such as microfilm, xerography, microfiche, microcard, and offset strictly prohibited. Printed in Germany

For Shannon, Christopher, and Tyler

Contents

List of Illustrations ........................................................................................ vii Acknowledgments .......................................................................................... ix 1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 2. The Symposium and the Aesthetics of Plotinus ......................................... 15 3. The Aesthetics of Schelling ....................................................................... 37

The Philosophy ofArt .......................................................................... 45 Bruno, or On the Natural and the Divine Principle of Things ............ 97 System of Transcendental Idealism ................................................... 107 4. Plotinian Hypostases in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit ..................... 123 5. The Aesthetics of Hegel .......................................................................... 163

Introductory Lectures on Aesthetics .................................................. 170 Phenomenology ofSpirit ................................................................... 205 Philosophy ofMind .................. .......................................................... 236 6. Architecture and the Philosophy of Spirit ............................................... 257 Notes ............................................................................................................ 279 Bibliography ................................................................................................ 289 Index ............................................................................................................ 297

Illustrations

Figure 1. Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840), Two Men Observing the Moon, 1819-20, Gemaeldegalerie, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden, Gennany (Photo credit: Erich Lessing, Art Resource, Ny) ......................................................................................... 71 Figure 2. Correggio (1489-1534), Holy Night (Adoration of the Shepherds), Gemaeldegalerie, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden, Gennany (Photo credit: Erich Lessing, Art Resource, NY) ........... 87 Figure 3. Titian (Tiziano Vecelli) (c. 1488-1576), The Annunciation, detail, San Salvatore, Venice (Photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY) ......... 93 Figure 4. Raphael (1483-1520), The Parnassus, detail of Apollo and the Muses, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Palace, Vatican State (Photo credit: Scala/Art Resource, NY) ........................................................ 95 Figure 5. Pablo Picasso, Guernica, detail (© 2004 Estate of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society [ARS], New York) ........................... 175 Figure 6. Arshile Gorky, The Betrothal II (© Artists Rights Society [ARS], New york) .......................................................................... 193

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Phyllis Korper and Peter Lang Publishing for their continul:d support of the work. For their support during the course of this book I would likl: to acknowledge my colleagues at Roger Williams University: Hasan-Uddin Khan, Okan Ustunkok, Alberto Balestrieri, Edgar Adams, Andn:a Adams, Hon Henderson, Ulker Copur, and Robert Rustermeier. I would also like to thank Marie Bullock, Michael Pomerleau and Daniel Alexander fClr their help with typesetting and scanning of images. For their dialogue, observations and suggestions during the course of the book, I would like to