Advances in Psychology Research: Volume 98

Citation preview

ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH

ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 98

No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services.

ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH Additional books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the Series tab.

Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the e-book tab.

ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH

ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 98

ALEXANDRA M. COLUMBUS EDITOR

New York

Copyright © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. For permission to use material from this book please contact us: Telephone 631-231-7269; Fax 631-231-8175 Web Site: http://www.novapublishers.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers‘ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works. Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book. In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISSN: 1532-723X ISBN:  (eBook)

Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York

CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter8

Chapter 9

vii Improving the Recognition and Management of Depression in Epilepsy Jeremy Rampling A Clinical Contribution to the Comprehension of the Psychopathological Effects of Cochlear Implants C. Hoffmann, F. Gorog, A. Hachet, F. Pellion, J. Laborit, U. Renard, C. Quérel and F. Rengifo

1

21

Cardiac Autonomic Regulation: A Role in the Cardiovascular Adverse Outcomes in Major Depression Ingrid Tonhajzerova and Daniela Mokra

39

Buying Happiness: Differential Consumption Experiences for Material and Experiential Purchases Ryan T. Howell and Darwin A. Guevarra

57

Improvement of Child and Adolescent‘s Mood Instability, Impulsivity, Aggression and Suicidal Attempts: Results of an Open Trial of Add-On Lamotrigine Strategy Daniel Serrani

71

Assessing TLI as a Predictor of Treatment Seeking for SUD among Youth Transitioning to Young Adulthood Jack R. Cornelius and Levent Kirisci

85

Phosphoinositide Signal Transduction Pathway and Major Depression Vincenza Rita Lo Vasco

95

Experimental Studies of Physical Exercises to Improve Students Sleep Quality and Mental Health Liang Li and Xiaowei Liu Ideal and Acceptable Body Size in College Fraternity Men F. Richard Ferraro, Brianna Crawford and Natasha Adamson

109 117

vi Chapter 10 Index

Contents Psychobiological Foundation of the Theory of Attitude Nugzar Aleksidze

123 129

PREFACE This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on improving the recognition and management of depression in epilepsy; a clinical contribution to the comprehension of the psychopathological effects of cochlear implants; cardiac autonomic regulation and its role in cardiovascular adverse outcomes in major depression; a review of the intentional monetary activities that maximize happiness, economic value and psychological needs; Lamotrigine treatment for the improvement of adolescent's mood instability, impulsivity, aggression and suicidal attempts; assessing TLI (transmissible liability index) as a predictor of treatment for youth with substance use disorders; phosphoinositide signal transduction pathways and major depression; experimental studies of physical exercise to improve students sleep quality and mental health; ideal and acceptable body size in college fraternity men; and the psychobiological foundation of the theory of attitude. Chapter 1 – The frequency of depression is higher in epilepsy than in equivalent lifelong medical and neurological conditions, and it is associated with heightened morbidity and mortality. The clinical presentation may differ from that of major depression occurring outside of epilepsy due to the nature of both conditions and the co-prescription of anticonvulsant drugs. Depression is vastly under diagnosed in epilepsy clinics and there may be many reasons for this. There is a limited evidence base for the treatment of depression in epilepsy and much of the guidance results from extrapolating from a non-epileptic population. This chapter will discuss the statistical and putative mechanistic links between epilepsy and depression, explore both risk factors and clinical features specific to depression in epilepsy, before going on to consider ways of improving the diagnostic rates of depression in epilepsy including through recent research into screening for depression in this population. It will close with a discussion of the treatment options for depression in epilepsy and a consideration of the expected roles of neurologist, psychiatrist, psychologist and primary care physicians involved in the multidisciplinary, holistic care of this group. Chapter 2 – Conceived both to improve oral communication and to compensate auditory deficiency of congenitally or acquired deaf patients, the cochlear implant and its current treatment are usually assessed at a surgical, audio-prosthetic or physiotherapeutic level while its subjective effects are hardly taken into account. This may explain the reason why using the cochlear implant device does not systematically lead to the anticipated results.

viii

Alexandra M. Columbus

Regardless of its efficiency on a merely audiological level, the implant introduces the patient to a different and radically new experience of the world of sound, especially in the case of congenital impairment. In some cases, such an experience can produce a remarkable variety of effects among neurotic patients such as an improvement of a pre-existent psychopathological state (i.e. mental breakdown) or their deterioration when the difference between the audible metallic voice of post-implant and the expected one reactivates a melancholic state related to mourning. In other cases, the cochlear implant, by producing a ―chaos of sound‖ - where sound is dissociated from meaning -, puts the solidity of the structure of the recipient‘s personality to the test. Recipients of a psychotic structure must be handled carefully because of the high risk for either the irruption or the aggravation of their psychotic state. Finally, hearing impairment can contribute to building a ―surrogate‘s‖ Ego, and therefore, the loss of such impairment may result in the loss of that ―surrogate‖ Ego. Chapter 3 – Major depression is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The pathophysiological mechanisms accounting for the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease risk remain still unclear. It is well-known that cardiac activity is extremely sensitive to autonomic regulatory inputs. Impaired autonomic neural regulation of the heart, characterized by increased sympathetic and/or reduced vagal modulation, is likely an important contributor to the cardiac adverse outcomes associated with depression. The interplay of sympathetic and parasympathetic outputs of the central autonomic network through sinoatrial node produces the complex beat-to-beat oscillations in the heart rate around its mean value - heart rate variability (HRV). Thus, the HRV analysis using traditional and novel methods may provide crucial information concerning autonomic imbalance in major depression. In contrast to adults, the study of the neurocardiac regulation in adolescent major depression is rare. Importantly, the adolescence could be a critical and vulnerable age period to a potential depression-induced cardiac autonomic dysregulation due to developmental and brain maturational changes. This question is still unanswered. However, the autonomic nervous system, in particular parasympathetic (vagal) function plays an essential role in the bidirectional relationship between the central nervous and immune system via cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The Cytokine Theory of Depression postulates that psychological stress increases cytokine production and leads to depressive symptoms. Thus, high circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines may be central to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder, and later in the increased cardiovascular risk in major depression. Taken together, vagal inhibitory function is important in the regulation of immune response: decreased vagal function was shown to be associated with increased proinflammatory markers and acute-phase proteins indicating poor health. Thus, therapeutic interventions related to the regulation of both vagal control and inflammation may be of particular importance in depressive patients. Chapter 4 – What kind of spending will increase happiness? There is growing support that spending discretionary money on experiential rather than material purchases leads to greater happiness. The purpose of this chapter is to review the intentional monetary activities that maximize happiness, economic value, and psychological needs. The authors determine the costs and benefits of specific discretionary spending choices by summarizing the material and experiential buying literature. Further, the authors explain the differences between

Preface

ix

material and experiential consumption by dividing the consumption experience into four stages: the pre-consumption experience, the purchase experience, the core consumption experience, and the remembered consumption experience. In the last section, the authors identify conceptual and methodological challenges and recommend future directions for research. Chapter 5 – Rationale: mood stabilizers are usually prescribed for mood disorders in youth, and for symptoms of depression, aggression, irritability and suicidal tendencies, which are associated with subsequent development of borderline personality disorders (BPD). Objectives: this study evaluated the effects of 24-weeks of add-on treatment with lamotrigine to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in young people with pronounced symptoms of depression, aggression, irritability and suicidal tendencies. Methods: In an openlabel 24-weeks trial, 42 SSRI-treatment resistant patients (age range 9-18 years) with developing BPD were treated with lamotrigine (150-325 mg/day) in combination with SSRIs. Symptoms of depression, aggression, impulsivity, irritability and suicidal tendencies were rated with the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS-M), Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale -11 items (KADS) and Children Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS) before and after 24 weeks of treatment. Results: lamotrigine induced significant (p