A history of Indian literature. Volume 9: 1911-1956, Struggle for freedom, triumph and tragedy 8179017987

Table of contents :
Preface
Abbreviations
Part One
1 Author-Reader-Intermediaries
I MAJOR WRITERS
II SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHORS
III AUTHORS: PROFESSION
IV AUTHORS: CASTE COMPOSITION
V WOMEN WRITERS
VI WRITERS: LOWER CASTE
The Beginnings of Dalit Literature
VII INTERMEDIARIES (Modes of Transmission; Literary Magazines; Festival and Other Arts; Publishers; Financial Condition of the Indian Author)
VIII THE READER (Stratification of Reader; The Woman Reader; The Child Reader; The Scholar Reader)
2 Literary Interactions
I THE LINGUISTIC SITUATION (Last Phase of Persian; Sanskritization; Persianization; The Movement towards Dravidization)
II RELATION AMONG INDIAN LANGUAGES (Linguistic Tension; Importance of Bengali; Geographical Proximity; Translations from Bengali; Indian English; Major Languages: Minor Language; Ambivalence towards Indian English)
III THE CONTINUITY OF SANSKRIT LITERATURE (Translations from Sanskrit; The Discovery of Bhasa; The Gita; The Ramayana; Meghadutam)
IV PERSIAN AGAIN (Iqbal and Persian; Omar Khyyam and Edward Fitzerald)
V EUROPEAN-INDIAN LITERARY INTERACTIONS (Coexistence of English and Indian Literatures; Translations from English; European Literature through English; Ibsen, Materlink and Corker, English and Indian Literatures)
3 Political Movements and Indian Writers
I POWER OF PATRIOTISM
II THE ADVENT OF GANDHI (Gandhi's Challenge to the West; Akbar Allahabadi on Gandhi; Waiting for Gandhi; The Popular Image of Gandhi)
III THE GROWTH OF THE POLITICAL NOVEL (The Princely States; The Split between the Historical and the Political Novel; Gharr Baire)
IV THE NEW HEROES (Gandhi as Hero; The Gandhian Hero; The Militant Hero; The Revolutionary Hero; Gandhian Protagonists Dominate; Premchand)
V FRUSTRATION AND HOPE (Jallianwala Bagh; October Revolution; 'Sarfaroshi Ki Tamana'; The Communist Hero; AIPWA; Quit India; ‘Tod rahc hain zanjiren: The Chains are Breaking'; Tebhaga; Uprising at Vayalor; ‘I smashed the fetters of Telengana’)
4 The Reconstruction of the Past
I HISTORICAL FICTION
II HISTORIANS AND CREATIVE WRITINGS
III NADU’ AND 'DESA' (History in Punjabi Literature; Sindhi and Oriya; History and Malayalam Writers; Reconstructing the Karnataka Past; An Architect of Historical Novel; Treatment of History by Assamese Writers; Tamil Pride in the Past; Widening of Interest: The Telugu Case; The Search for Bengali Heroes)
IV POPULAR HEROES AND HEROINES (Ashoka; Chandragupta-Chanakya; Shivaji; Rana Pratap; Durgavati; Hazrat Husain; Rani of Jhansi)
V THE DECLINE AND THE RESURGENCE
5 Myths and Modern Indian Literature
I THE POPULARITY OF THE PAURANIKA
Il THE PAN-INDIAN CHARACTER OF THE MYTHS
III EPIC HEROINES (Sita; Savitri; Chitrangada and other Romantic Heroines; Draupadi; Ahalya)
IV HEROES (Rama and Ravana; Young Heroes; Kama, Krishna, Duryodhana, Bhisma; Epic Characters and the Ethical System Ashvatthama; Yayati; Manu: The Creation of a New Myth)
V PERSOARABIC MYTHS
VI MYTHS FROM GRECO-ROMAN SOURCE
VII THE BUDDHIST AND BIBLICAL THEMES (Buddha; Christ)
6 Indian Theatre and the Drama
I THE THEATRE IN METAPHANIC AREAS
II THE GROWTH OF DRAMATIC MOVEMENTS (Tamil Situation; Oriya Stage; Telugu Situation; The Gujarati Scene; Assamese Situation; Malayalam Drama; The Hindi Situation; The Decline of the Marathi Stage; A New Phase of Bengali Theatre; 'Challenge to the Professional Theatre'?)
III THEMES AND IDEOLOGY (Mythology and History’; The Freedom Movement; Innovations in the Stage; The Winds of Change; New Experiments; Popularity of One-Act Plays; IPTA; Radio Plays)
IV THE SUMMING UP (‘Spectacle' and Realism; The Audience; The Spoken Word; The Openness of the Indian Theatre)
7 Phases of Indian Poetry
I PHASE LAG: A PROBLEM OF HISTORIOGRAPHY
II THE PHASES OF TRANSITION (Modernity': English and Sanskrit; Successive Phases of Modernity; Western Impact and Transition; Nepali Situation; Changes in Maithili; Rajasthani and Sindhi; Manipuri; Punjabi)
III TAGORE (The English Tagore; The Image of Tagore; Tagore and Bengali Poetry’; Bengali Contemporaries of Tagore; Kazi Nazrul Islam)
IV NEW POETRY: TWO STRANDS (Assamese Poetry; Oriya Poetry; Modern Poetry’ in Hindi; Navodaya Movement; Kalpanikodayamam; Romantic Poetry in Malayalam; Changes in Marathi; Changes in Gujarati; Bharati and After; Identities: National and Islamic; Iqbal)
V THE RISE OF THE AVANTE-GARDE (Tagore Challenged; Free Verse and Modern Poetry’; Attitude to language and Life)
VI A SEARCH FOR MODERNITY (Pragati and Pruyog; Modem Bengali Poetry; Modem Poetry: Manifesto; Progressive Poetry; The Debate on Modernity; Obscurity)
8 The Other Harmony
I PROSE AND POETRY: A NEW RELATIONSHIP
II SPOKEN PROSE: WRITTEN PROSE
III DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE ESSAY
IV BIOGRAPHIES AND AUTOBIOGRAPHIES
V CRITICISM
VI TRAVELOGUES
9 Indian Fiction
I TWO STREAMS: THE PARALLEL LITERATURE
II THE SHORT STORY (The Beginnings; Malayalam; Phases of Marathi Short Story; Accent on Social Reality: Oriya, Assamese, Gujarati; Manikkodi Group; Experiments in Telugu; Kannada Short Story: From Navodaya to Nauya; Premchand and His Short Stories; Bengali Short Story: Second Phase; Sindhi and Punjabi: Contrasting Situations; Short Story in Indian English; Progressive Movement: Urdu Short Story; The Last Phase)
III THE NOVEL (Metaphanic situation; Transition in Punjabi; Tamil Novel: Growth of a Popular Form; Telugu Novel; Malayalam Novel: The Finest Hour; Kannada: A Remarkable Phase; Premchand and His Contemporaries; Urdu Novel; Legacy of Fakir Mohan; Gujarati Scene: A New Phase; Assamese Novel: Slow but Steady; Indian English Novel; Marathi: After and Beyond Apte; Bengali Novel: The Golden Phase; 'Regional Novels’)
10 The Narratives of Suffering: Caste and the Underpriviledged
I CASTE AS A THEME
II IMPACT OF AMBEDKAR
III KUMARAN ASAN
IV LOVE AND MARRIAGE
V MALAPALLI
VI IDEALISM AND EXPERIENCE
VII THE STORY OF A POET
VIII THE PROTESTING HERO (A Ray of Hope)
IX PATHOS ANGER IRONY
X PROTESTS FROM BELOW
11 Women
I COMPONENTS OF THE WOMAN THEME
II THE GIRL CHILD
III THE MARRIED WOMEN (The Unequal Marriage; The Dowry System)
IV ROLES OF WOMEN (Wife; Mother, Widow; Prostitute; Love and Social Authority; The Voices of Protest)
12 Religion: Harmony and Discord
I COMMUNALISM AND LITERATURE
II THE VISION OF INDIA
III COMMUNALISM CONDEMNED
IV RELIGION AND LITERATURE
V VOICES OF SEPARATISM
13 Triumph and Tragedy
I INDIA DIVIDED
II THE NARRATIVE OF VIOLENCE: PUNJAB
III THE AGONY OF SINDH
IV THE TRAUMA OF BENGAL
V MEMORY AND INSANITY
VI VIOLENCE AND SENSE OF SIN (Communalism and the Writer's Dilemma; The Assasination of Dandhi)
VII LITERATURE DIVIDED?
VIII ‘REGIONALISM'
IX A BRAVE NEW WORLD
14 Epilogue
I INDIAN MODERNITY AND THE WEST
II SEX AND MORALITY
III THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
IV THE CITY AND THE VILLAGE
V THE COMMUNITY: SAMAjA
VI THE HERO, THE HEROINE AND THE VILLAIN
VII WHERE IS BHARATVARSHA?
Notes
Bibliography
Part Two. A Chronology of Literary Events
INTRODUCTION
CHRONOLOGY
Indexes
NAME INDEX
TITLE INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
INDEX OF ORGANIZATION