A Bibliography of Islamic Criminal Law 9789004472785, 9004472789

Citation preview

A Bibliography of Islamic Criminal Law

Handbook of Oriental Studies Handbuch der Orientalistik section one

The Near and Middle East Edited by Maribel Fierro (Madrid) M. Şükrü Hanioğlu (Princeton) Renata Holod (University of Pennsylvania) Florian Schwarz (Vienna)

volume 161

The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ho1

A Bibliography of Islamic Criminal Law Compiled and Edited by

Olaf Köndgen With a Foreword by

Rudolph Peters

LEIDEN | BOSTON

Cover illustration: ÖNB/Wien, Cod. A. F. 9, fol. 30v, al-Maqāmāt, Abu Zaid and son before the judge. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Köndgen, Olaf, compiler. Title: A bibliography of Islamic Criminal Law / compiled and edited by Olaf Köndgen. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2022. | Series: Handbook of oriental studies. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section one. The near and Middle East, 0169–9423 ; volume 161 | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021044501 (print) | LCCN 2021044502 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004447509 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004472785 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Criminal law (Islamic law)—Bibliography. | Criminal law—Islamic countries—Bibliography Classification: LCC KBP3791 .K66 2022 (print) | LCC KBP3791 (ebook) | DDC 340.5/9—dc23/eng/20211014 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021044501 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021044502

Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 0169-9423 ISBN 978-90-04-44750-9 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-47278-5 (e-book) Copyright 2022 by Olaf Köndgen. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hotei, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau Verlag and V&R Unipress. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use. Requests for re-use and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV via brill.com or copyright.com. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.

Für Nanami und Viktor In Erinnerung an Johannes Rempel und Beningna Rempel, geb. Schmidt

∵

Contents Foreword xv Preface xviii

part 1 Thematic Section General and Reference 3 Abortion 19 Alcohol, Shurb al-Khamr, Intoxicants, Drugs, Tobacco 24 Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion 28 Banditry, Ḥirāba 45 Bioethics, Euthanasia 46 Blood Money, Diya 50 Blood Vengeance 52 Children’s Rights, Juvenile Justice 53 Codification 53 Comparative Law 53 Corruption 54 Criminal Law Reform 55 Criminal Responsibility, Liability 55 Cyber Crime 57

viii

Contents

Death Penalty 58 Defamation, Qadhf, Unfounded Accusation of Unlawful Sexual Intercourse 60 Defence 60 Duress, Coercion 62 Financial Crime, Fraud, Economic Crime, Money Laundering 62 Foundling, Laqīṭ 63 Gambling 64 Genocide 64 Ḥadd, Ḥudūd 64 Hanafi Criminal Law 69 Hanbali Criminal Law 71 Ḥisba 72 Homicide, Qatl 73 Homosexuality, Liwāṭ 75 Honour Killings, Sexual Violence, Crimes of Passion 81 Human Rights 83 Ijtihād 101 Intellectual Property Rights 101 Intent 103 International Islamic Criminal Law 103

Contents

Legality 105 Legal Maxims 106 Legal Transfer 107 Legal Uncertainties, Shubha, Doubt 107 Liʿān 108 Maliki Criminal Law 108 Maẓālim 112 Mens Rea 112 Necessity 113 Piracy 113 Police, Policing 113 Political Crime 114 Prevention 114 Prisons, Imprisonment, Prisoners 115 Proof, Evidence, Testimony, Procedure 116 Punishment 122 Qasāma 127 Rape 127 Rebellion, Baghy 129 Repentance 130

ix

x Restorative Justice 130 Retribution, Qiṣāṣ 131 Rights of God, Rights of Men 133 Settlement, Ṣulḥ, Arbitration 133 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 135 Shāfiʿī Criminal Law 135 Shīʿī Criminal Law 137 Siyāsa 139 Sufism 139 Suicide 139 Taʿzīr 140 Terminology 141 Terrorism 141 Theft, Sariqa 142 Torture 143 Traffic Accidents 145 Transitional Justice 145 Tribal Law 146 War 146 Women, Gender 148 Zinā, Unlawful Sexual Intercourse, Fornication, Adultery 150

Contents

Contents

part 2 Countries, Regions, Eras and Organisations Abbassids 155 Afghanistan 157 Africa, West Africa 162 Algeria 162 Arab League 163 Bangladesh 164 Brunei 164 Caucasus 166 Early Islam, Umayyads 166 Egypt 170 Germany 185 Gulf Cooperation Council 186 India 186 Indonesia 191 Iran 201 Iraq 234 Islamic State, IS, ISIS, Daesh 235 Israel 236 Jordan 238

xi

xii Kenya 240 Kuwait 240 Libya 241 Malaysia 244 Maldives 255 Mali 256 Mamluks 256 Mauritania 260 Mongols, Ilkhans 262 Morocco 262 Niger 264 Nigeria 264 North Africa, Maghreb 291 Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey 291 Pakistan 307 Palestine, Palestinian Territories 336 Qatar 337 Saudi-Arabia 337 Somalia 346 Spain (Al-Andalus) 348

Contents

Contents

Sudan 355 Syria 368 Tunisia 369 United Arab Emirates 369 United States of America 372 Yemen 372 Zanzibar 374 Glossary of Arabic Terms 375 Index of Authors 378 Index of Subjects and People 405

xiii

Foreword Olaf Köndgen has produced an ambitious and (almost) complete bibliography of Islamic criminal law, listing publications from the early 19th century until now. This bibliography is unique in its size: the only two prior bibliographies are of a much smaller scale and older, produced in 2001 and 2011. Köndgen’s bibliography lists more than 3,600 titles in two parts: one part having titles on general legal concepts and another part with titles related to countries and areas. The former part contains 76 alphabetical sections from “abortion” to “zinā”, ranging through subjects such as “blood money,” “cybercrime”, “hadd,” “qasama” and “theft”. The latter part includes 45 geographical sections with titles related specifically to countries and eras. This bibliography is a monumental academic achievement. It is first and foremost an indispensable tool for research on Islamic criminal law. However, this bibliography was not intended to completely list all publications in this field. The bibliography is printed in Western European languages and not in languages such as Arabic, Persian and Urdu. This is because such a bibliography is in practice too complicated to produce, as Köndgen mentions in the Preface. In my view there is another good reason. By concentrating mostly on English (and, to a lesser extent, other European languages) the bibliography reaches a wide international audience, also in Muslim-majority countries, where a growing part of academic production takes place in English as well (e.g. in Pakistan, Nigeria, Malaysia, Iran a.o.). Nevertheless, it is to be hoped that this bibliography will encourage the future compilation of academic output as well as publications on national legal practices written in the main regional languages of the Muslim world. The present work, however, is not only a tool for research; it is also a document in which Köndgen demonstrates the development of the discipline of the study of Islamic criminal law during the last two hundred years. First, it is striking that publications in this field have increased exponentially since roughly 1980. The entries published before 1980 are a mere 7% of the whole collection, which means that the remaining entries after 1980 amount to 93%. Indeed, studies of Islamic law have become more popular during the last decades of the 20th century. But there was another development in the composition of various fields: the relatively greater interest in criminal law. Until roughly 1980, the significance of Western studies on Islamic criminal law was relatively small within the whole field of Islamic law. When I was at the university studying Islamic law, the received wisdom of my professors, who had studied under scholars such as Snouck Hurgronje, Goldziher and Schacht, was

xvi

Foreword

that Islamic law, Sharia, was essentially regarded as an ideal and theoretical system of unchangeable rules, where only a few fields of law, such as family law, law of succession, waqfs, were understood as living law applied by the courts. Other fields, such as criminal law, were less interesting, being considered not as legal practice, but rather as theory, merely discussed academically among Muslim jurists but not enforced. Western legal publications on Islamic criminal law were therefore relatively rare. This changed, however, in the 1980s when the growth of Western publications on Islamic criminal law increased exponentially. There were two causes for this: the development of the study of the legal history of Islam and the victory of Islamist regimes in some countries. During the later decades of the last century the court records in the archives of the Muslim world began attracting more and more legal historians. Before that they focused chiefly on social history. However, in order to read these records, many of them felt the need to comprehend the legal system, i.e., the actual working of the law as found in the records. I myself felt this need to understand the actual system of Egyptian law, when, in the 1980s, I acquired the 19th-century Egyptian fatwa collection of al-Fatawa al-Mahdiyya. I was surprised to find that one volume of a fatwa collection on criminal law referred to concrete procedures in legal courts and administrative offices. Through these fatwas I had a bureaucratic link with the court records in the Egyptian archives. Scrutinising these records I could examine how the legal system worked before the British occupation. The new generation of legal historians demonstrated that Islamic criminal law had not been abolished or fallen into desuetude, but was actually enforced, usually in combination with executive authorities or bodies. Studying court records in the various national archives many articles and books on the history of Islamic criminal law were published, as we can see in the bibliography. The second factor explaining the expansion of titles on Islamic criminal law after 1980 is political. Of course, there are a few countries (Saudi Arabia, Yemen) where Sharia, including Islamic criminal law, has traditionally been enforced as the law of the land. However, as a result of the victory of Islamist regimes, Sharia was reintroduced in some other Muslim countries having Western-type law. This included the enforcement of Islamic criminal law codes, initiated in Libya (1972), Pakistan (1979), Iran (codified Islamic criminal law as of 1982), Sudan (1983), Northern Nigeria (2000) and Brunei (2013). The Islamisation of law, and especially criminal law, resulted in a critical and concerned interest of Western academic research and in the increase of titles concerning Islamic criminal law. Recent Islamisation of Sharia was first studied not by lawyers, but rather by students of religion and politics, for instance

Foreword

xvii

focusing on Salafism or by human rights specialists, examining to which extent the Sharia codes conflicted. Going through the contents of this bibliography you will find that its subject is law, but with diverse entries: law can be understood just as legal practice and jurisprudence, but also as a legal phenomenon analysed through different disciplines: social science, politics, religion and history. This makes this bibliography a rich and multidisciplinary publication with a readership beyond legal specialists. Rudolph Peters

Preface

Why Another Bibliography of Islamic Law?

Studies on Islamic law and its various sub-fields have grown exponentially since the early eighties of the last century. Even the specialist will hardly be able to keep track of, let alone read, the large number of titles that are being published all over the world. While this assessment applies to Islamic law in general, it is also correct with regard to the sub-field of Islamic criminal law. There are a number of important reasons for this surge in scholarship over the past forty years. In particular, the interest in Islamic criminal law has grown with the number of countries legislating it, Brunei being just the latest example. This process has not stopped since Colonel Gaddafi spearheaded it in 1972, and there is little reason to believe that it will not continue in the future. Further, a large body of research has been produced in countries where some form of Islamic criminal law has been enacted, e.g. in Nigeria, Pakistan, Iran, Indonesia and Malaysia. Many new journals, often founded by Sharīʿa faculties in these countries, produce new scholarship in English as well as in other languages. New open access journals and the possibilities the internet offers in general facilitate the publication of books and articles and thus contribute to a wealth of new publications. Scientific, legal, political and other challenges also contribute to the steady growth of the field. Scholars now deal with the challenges of bioethics, suicide terrorism, cybercrime, forensic psychology, money laundering and more. Finally, a large number of NGOs and INGOs deal with human rights violations in Muslim majority countries that often are in connection with aspects of codified Islamic criminal law. They publish well-researched and extensive reports on their websites. All of these trends make up for a plethora of books and scholarly articles on the subject at hand. Indeed, the number of publications on Islamic criminal law and matters related to it are more than the individual scholar and researcher is able to oversee. This finding in itself would justify the publication of this bibliography. But does a printed bibliography still make sense in a time of extremely rapid search machines that deliver tens or hundreds of thousands of results in milliseconds? Is it not easily possible to find all these entries with a quick google search? I still remember how I spent weeks and months in the 1980s and early 1990s sifting through the traditional card index boxes at the Staatsbibliothek Berlin, filling in order forms and waiting for the books and articles to be ready for consultation. The world has changed since then. The internet has made

Preface

xix

any search for literature a lot faster and ostensibly much simpler. In addition, the searching can be done from home, and the results, i.e. the books and articles one finds, thanks to digitalisation, can often be consulted or read on your computer at home as well. However, the mere wealth of information has also become unmanageable. It needs to be structured and sorted. This is what this bibliography attempts to do. It maps an important sub-field of Islamic law, divides its different aspects into chapters that are easily searchable and thus not only renders it easily accessible to the researcher and student but also documents and charts the developments within Islamic criminal law during the past decades. It should be noted that this is the first Islamic criminal law bibliography of this size ever published. With more than 3,600 entries its size also surpasses all other bibliographies on Islamic law in general. This bibliography thus gives enhanced visibility to a field that is of eminent scholarly but also political importance. It will be of interest to those researching Islamic law in general, to students and researchers of Islamic criminal law in Muslim majority countries in particular, but also to researchers and activists dealing with human rights in the Muslim world.

What This Bibliography Covers

A Bibliography of Islamic Criminal Law covers all books and articles I could find on the subject, with no particular time limitation, starting with the 19th century to the most recent publications. It does not include book reviews and short encyclopaedia entries. However, if an encyclopaedia entry is longer and is closer to a short introduction to a given key theme I have included it. In many bibliographies Ph.D. dissertations and M.A. theses are not taken into account despite their often important scholarly contribution. I have therefore tried to find and include as many pertinent Ph.D. dissertations and M.A. theses as I could find. A certain number of them can be downloaded for free with the help of the bibliographical details provided here. At an early stage of the work I decided to refrain from adding annotations to entries because the rapidly rising number of titles I was able to compile simply did not allow for it. The choice of languages included is as simple as it is unsatisfactory. I have included all the European languages I can read well plus a few titles in languages I read less well but where the subject was clear and fitting. The compromises I had to make are obvious. A number of relevant languages are missing, especially those from countries with Muslim majorities, such as Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Indonesian and others, as well as, e.g., all the Slavic languages. I decided to

xx

Preface

exclude these languages because either I don’t read them or when I do (Arabic, Persian), including them would have made my (and the publisher’s) task complicated and time-consuming to a degree that would have made the whole project unfeasible. An argument in my defence is that all bibliographies on Islamic law I am aware of have made that same choice for probably the same reasons.1 I have also not included URLs because they are not only often very long and cumbersome to type, but are also ephemeral and become outdated and unusable rather quickly. Further, with the high-powered browsers available, it is faster and easier to copy or type the title of a book or the name of an author into a search machine. At this point it deserves to be mentioned that a certain number of the listed titles can be found on the internet for free. In the past 20 years open access journals of varying quality have multiplied. Many publish high-quality peer-reviewed articles. Others are of more dubious quality and are often the product of the thriving activities of rogue publishers who not only lack peer review but often publish almost without or with only rudimentary quality checks. It goes without saying that articles from such sources have not been accepted into this bibliography, except in justified cases.

Structure and Use of This Bibliography

The structure of this bibliography and the way it should be used are rather straightforward and follow to a large degree the Al-Zwaini/Peters bibliography of Islamic law of 1994. Most important, the bibliographical entries are 1 To the best of my knowledge there exist only two smaller Islamic law bibliographies that deal exclusively with Islamic criminal law. One was compiled by François Lareau (Ottawa, Canada) in 2001 (downloadable from the internet) and the other one was published by Christie S. Warren (Oxford Bibliographies Online / Oxford University Press, 2011). As regards general Islamic law bibliographies, the following works were consulted by me: SPIES, Otto & PRITSCH, Erich. Klassisches islamisches Recht. Orientalisches Recht (Handbuch der Orientalistik, Erste Abteilung, Ergänzungsband 3). Ed. E. Seidl et al. Leiden & Köln: E.J. Brill, 1964, pp. 220–343. AL-ZWAINI, Laila & PETERS, Rudolph. A bibliography of Islamic law, 1980–1993. Leiden et al.: Brill, 1994. 239 pp. MAKDISI, John & MAKDISI, Marianne. Islamic law bibliography. Revised and updated list of secondary sources. Law Library Journal, 87 i (1995) pp. 69–191. FIERRO, Maribel with CARNICERO, M.J. & FÉRNANDEZ FÉLIX, A. & PEÑA, S. & DE LA PUENTE, C. & SERRANO, D. & ZOMEÑO, A. Repertorio bibliográfico de derecho islámico. An annotated bibliography of Islamic law. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, 1999. 355 pp. LOHLKER, Rüdiger. Bibliographie des islamischen Rechts. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač, 2005. 194 pp. YIGIN, Adem. Index Islamicus’a göre batida İslam hukuku alanında yapılan çalışmaların bibliografyasi (1994–2004). İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4 (2004) pp. 525–623. BLEANEY, C.H. & SINCLAIR, S. & GARCÍA SUÁREZ, P. & SCHWARB, G. Index Islamicus. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 1958.

Preface

xxi

consecutively numbered. There are two main parts. Part one covers entries listed by themes in alphabetical order from “abortion” to “zinā”, with an introductory general part preceding them. All entries that can be connected to a given country, region, era or organisation are to be found in part two. If the title of an article or a book contains several keywords, those indicating a country or an era receive preference and are thus listed in part two, otherwise they can be found in part one. Both parts cover, on the one hand, the main issues of Islamic criminal law (ḥudūd, qiṣāṣ, taʿzīr …), and on the other hand they reflect the wide range of titles I found when compiling this bibliography. They were at times new and unexpected, but are evidence of the rapid development of the field. The unsuspecting reader may be surprised to find chapter titles such as “Germany” and “United States of America”; however, existing scholarly articles linking these countries to Islamic criminal law justify separate chapters. The formatting of the entries follows the Index Islamicus and its protocol. The Arabic article Al-, al- El-, el-, An- etc., in author names is disregarded in its hyphenated form. Thus “An-Naʿim” is listed under N, El-Baradie under B and so forth. Names beginning with an unhyphenated Al, El etc., e.g. Alkali, Eltantawi will be listed under A and E. The second set of tools to orientate the user of this bibliography are the Index of Authors and the Index of Subjects and People. It goes without saying that many of the bibliographical entries cover much more than what the titles betray. I have, therefore, as far as possible checked the texts at hand as to the subject matters they contain and listed them accordingly. Thus, while the table of contents gives a solid first orientation to the user of this bibliography, the two indices unlock the richness of the material covered. Acknowledgments No bibliography of this size can be compiled without the help of many. My special thanks go to Rudolph Peters and Delfina Serrano who have both shared advice on the structure and content of this bibliography, made suggestions to improve it and contributed entries. Other scholars who shared their publication lists or helped in other ways were Silvia Tellenbach, Abdulaziz Sachedina, Paul Marshall, Khaled Abou El Fadl, Hans-Georg Ebert, Gunnar Weimann, Sanaz Alasti, Frank E. Vogel, François Lareau, Knut Vikør, Asma M. Abdel Halim, Willem Floor and Ibrahim M. Zeine. I thank all of them. Last, but not least my sincere thanks go to the Board of Editors of Brill’s HdO series for accepting this bibliography as part of the series, to Nienke BrienenMoolenaar and Nicolette van der Hoek for their unrelenting support, to

xxii

Preface

Pieter te Velde for his skilful supervision of the production process, to Laila Al-Zwaini for her clinical eye in proofreading more than 3,600 entries and spotting mistakes I thought I hadn’t made and Kate Elliott for competently proofreading this Preface and the Foreword. Olaf Köndgen Strasbourg

part 1 Thematic Section

∵

General and Reference 1.

ABDAL-HAQQ, Irshad. Islamic law: an overview of its origin and elements. Journal of Islamic Law, 1 i (1996) pp. 1–60. [Reprinted as: ABDAL-HAQQ, Irshad. Islamic law: an overview of its origin and elements. Journal of Islamic Law and Culture, 7 (2002) pp. 27–101.]

2.

ABDAL-HAQQ, Irshad. Legal injunctions of the Qurʾan. Journal of Islamic Law, 2 (1997) pp. 53–92.

3.

ABDAL-HAQQ, Irshad. The legal definition of Islam: an examination of judicial, legislative, mainstream and nontraditional interpretations. Journal of Islamic Law, 1 ii (1996) pp. 105–185.

4.

ABDUR RAHIM, M.A. The principles of Muhammadan jurisprudence according to the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafiʿi, and Hanbali schools. London: Luzac & Co. & Madras: S.P.C.K. Depository, 1911. [See chapter IX “Torts and Crimes”, pp. 351–363 and chapter X “Procedure and Evidence”, pp. 364–382.]

5.

AFFI, Ahmed & AFFI, Hassan. Contemporary interpretation of Islamic law. Kibworth Beauchamp: Matador, 2014. 262 pp.

6.

AGERER, Stefanie. Das Recht des Koran: Islamisches Strafrecht in der Gegenwart. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. 132 pp.

7.

AHANGAR, Mohd Altaf Hussain. Crime and punishment in a modern Muslim state: a pragmatic approach. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 31 i (2014) pp. 51–69.

8.

AHMAD, Zamir. The Quranic sociology of crime. Karachi: Karachi University Press, 2001. 174 pp.

9.

AHMED, M. Mukarram. Crime and punishment under Islamic law. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2008. 330 pp.

10. AHMED, Syed Maqbool & KHAN, A. Khaliq. The law of crime in the Qurʾan & religion vs. morality. Encyclopaedic survey of Islamic culture. Vol. 2: Studies in Qurʾan. Ed. Mohamed Taher. Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997, pp. 43–61.

© Olaf Köndgen, 2022 | doi:10.1163/9789004472785_002

4 11.

General and Reference

ALAREFI, Abdullah Saad. Overview of Islamic law. International Criminal Law Review, 9 iv (2009) pp. 707–731.

12. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Religion et droit dans les pays arabes. Bordeaux: Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2008. 590 pp. [See “Partie III. Droit pénal” pp. 135–336.] 13. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami A. Étude sur le droit pénal musulman. Lausanne: Institut suisse de droit comparé, 1985. 58 pp. 14. ANWARULLAH. The criminal law of Islam. Islamabad: Shariah Academy, International Islamic University, 2005. 274 pp. 15. ANWARULLAH. Criminal law of Islam. Brunei Darussalam: Islamic Daʿwah Centre, Ministry of Religious Affairs, 1995. 279 pp. 16. ʿAWWA, Muhammad Salim Al-. The basis of Islamic penal legislation. The Islamic criminal justice system. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. London: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 127–147. 17. AZAD, Ghulam Murtaza. Administration of criminal justice. Studies in Islamic law, religion and society. Ed. H.S. Bhatia. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1989, pp. 156–180. 18. BADAR, Mohamed Elewa. Islamic criminal justice in the 21st century. International Criminal Law Review, 9 iv (2009) pp. 591–593. 19. BADR, Gamal M. & MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. Islamic criminal justice. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 32 i (1984) pp. 167–169. 20. BAMBALE, Yahaya Yunusa. Crimes and punishments under Islamic law. Ikeja, Nigeria: Malthouse Press Limited, 2003. 119 pp. 21. BARADIE, Adel El-. Gottes-Recht und Menschen-Recht. Grundlagen­ probleme der islamischen Strafrechtslehre. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlags­ gesellschaft, 1983. 246 pp. 22. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. The Shariʿa and Islamic criminal justice in time of war and peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 410 pp.

General and Reference

5

23. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. Crime and punishment in Islam. The different aspects of Islamic culture: the individual and society in Islam. Chief ed. A. Bouhdiba, co-ed. M. Maʿruf al-Dawalibi. Paris: UNESCO, 1998, pp. 295–329. 24. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. Crimes and the criminal process. Arab Law Quarterly, 12 iii (1997) pp. 269–286. 25. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. Face à la déviance. Les différents aspects de la culture islamique. Ed. A. Bouhdiba, M. Maʿruf al Dawalibi. Paris: UNESCO, 1994, pp. 303–338. 26. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. A search for Islamic criminal justice: an emerging trend in Muslim states. The Islamic impulse. Ed. B.F. Stowasser. London: Croom Helm & Washington, DC: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1987, pp. 244–254. 27. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif (ed.). The Islamic criminal justice system. London: Oceana Publications, 1982. 255 pp. 28. BERCHER, Léon. Les délits et les peines de droit commun prévus par le Coran: leur réglementation dans les rites malékite, chaféite et hanéfite. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Paris. Tunis: Société anonyme de l’Imprimerie rapide, 1926. 154 pp. 29. BERTOLINI, Vincent-Charles. Questions de droit pénal musulman. Paris: Calvia, 1933. 10 pp. 30. BHALA, Raj. Understanding Islamic law (Sharīʾa). Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2016. [See pp. 43–47.] 31. BLACK, Anne & HOSSEIN, Esmaeili & HOSEN, Nadirsyah (eds.). Modern perspectives on Islamic law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. 320 pp. [See chapter 9. “Islamic criminal law” pp. 217–241.] 32. BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Droit musulman. Tome 2: Fondements, culte, droit public et mixte. Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires d’Aix-Marseille, 2002. 799 pp. [See pp. 669–722.]

6

General and Reference

33. BOHLANDER, Michael & HEDAYATI-KAKHI, Mohammad M. Criminal justice under Sharʿiah in the 21st century—an inter-cultural view. Arab Law Quarterly, 23 iv (2009) pp. 417–436. 34. BURNS, Jonathan G. Introduction to Islamic law. Principles of civil, crimi­ nal, and international law under the Shariʿa. N.p.: Teller Books, 2014. 162 pp. [See chapter 6: “Criminal law and procedure”, pp. 109–132.] 35. BUSHRA, Mohamed El Amin El-. Criminal justice system. Islamic law perspective. Al-Fikr Al-Shurti, 22 lxxxiv (2013) pp. 273–320. 36. CAMMACK, Mark. Islamic law and crime in contemporary courts. Berkeley Journal of Middle Eastern & Islamic Law, 4 i (2011) pp. 1–15. 37. CHAUDHRY, Muhammad Sharif. Code of Islamic laws: the criminal and civil laws of Islam directly deduced from the Qurʾan. Lahore: Impact Publications International, 1997. 292 pp. 38. CILARDO, Agostino. Situazione preislamica. Peculiarità del diritto islamico. Diritto penale islamico. IRRSAE Campania, Quaderni. Corsi di aggiornamento per l’integrazione degli alumni stranieri nella scuola dell’obbligo. Naples, 1993, vol. 1/4, pp. 63–82. 39. COOK, Michael. Commanding right and forbidding wrong in Islamic thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 702 pp. 40. COULSON, N.J. The state and the individual in Islamic law. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 6 (1957) pp. 49–60. 41. CRYSTAL, J. Criminal justice in the Middle East. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29 vi (2001) pp. 469–482. 42. D’ASCOLI, Giovanni. Il diritto penale musulmano. Tesi di Laurea, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 1993–1994. 73 pp. 43. DILGER, Konrad. Tendenzen der Rechtsentwicklung. Der Islam in der Gegenwart. Entwicklung und Ausbreitung, Staat, Politik und Recht, Kultur und Religion. Ed. Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach. München: C.H. Beck, 1996. [See chapter III.3 “Strafrecht”, pp. 202–212.]

General and Reference

7

44. DILGER, Konrad. Das islamische Strafrecht in der modernen Welt: Ein Beitrag zur Rechtskonzeption im Islam. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 93 (1981) pp. 1311–1332. 45. DRAPKIN, Israel. Crime and punishment in the ancient world. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1989. 423 pp. [See chapter 10 “The Shariʿa: the legal system of Islam”, pp. 247–288.] 46. EBBE, Obi N.I. & ODO, Jonathan. The Islamic criminal system. Comparative and international criminal justice systems. Policing, judiciary, and corrections. Ed. Obi N.I. Ebbe. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2013, pp. 217–228. 47. EBERT, Hans-Georg & HEILEN, Julia. Islamisches Recht. Ein Lehrbuch. Leipzig: Edition Hamouda, 2016. 272 pp. [See pp. 135–146.] 48. EBERT, Hans-Georg. Tendenzen der Rechtsentwicklung. Der Islam in der Gegenwart. Entwicklung und Ausbreitung, Staat, Politik und Recht, Kultur und Religion. Ed. Werner Ende & Udo Steinbach. München: C.H.Beck, 2005. [See chapter III.3 “Strafrecht”, pp. 208–214.] 49. EREN, Abdurrahman & KORKUSUZ, M. Refik (eds.). İslam ceza hukuku. Islamic criminal law. Al-qānūn al-jināʾī al-islāmī. Istanbul: Lale Yayıncılık, 2017, vol. 1: 732 pp.; vol. 2: 956 pp. 50. ESPOSITO, John. Shariah: what everyone needs to know. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 334 pp. [See chapter 9 “Criminal law and justice”, pp. 186–230.] 51. FADEL, Mohammed. State and Sharia. The Ashgate research companion to Islamic law. Ed. Rudolph Peters, Peri Bearman. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2014, pp. 93–107. 52. FALATURI, Abdoljavad. Rechtstraditionen und Strafrechtsjustiz im Islam. Im Namen Allahs. Der Islam—eine Religion im Aufbruch. Ed. Axel Buchholz, Martin Geiling. Berlin: Ullstein Verlag, 1980, pp. 59–69. 53. FEUERBACH, Paul Johann Anselm v. Versuch einer Criminaljurisprudenz des Koran. Bibliothek für die peinliche Rechtswissenschaft und Gesetzkunde, vol. II. Ed. L. Harscher von Almendingen, Karl Grolman, Paul Johann Anselm Feuerbach. Göttingen: P.G. Schröder, 1800, pp. 163–192.

8

General and Reference

54. FORSTNER, Martin. Gottes Recht und Menschensatzung. Strafrecht und Strafvollzug in den islamischen Staaten des Vorderen Orients und Nordafrikas. Der Überblick, 23 iii (1987) pp. 16–21. 55. FORTE, David F. Comparative criminal law and enforcement: Islam. Encyclopedia of crime & justice. Ed. Joshua Dressler. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 192–199. 56. FORTE, David F. Studies in Islamic law. Classical and contemporary application. Lanham, MD: Austin & Winfield Publishers, 1999. 259 pp. 57. FRANCHINI, Stefania. Il diritto penale islamico nel Medio Oriente. Padova: Primiceri Editore, 2019. 206 pp. 58. FREUND, Leonhard. Lug und Trug nach moslemischem Recht und nach moslemischer Polizei. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Rechts- und Staatswissenschaft. München: C. Mehrlich’s Verlag, 1893. 60 pp. 59. FRONZONI, Vasco. Cultural offences nel diritto islamico. Diritto & religioni, 7 i (2012) pp. 199–217. 60. FRONZONI, Vasco. Principi generali del sistema penale islamico. Diritto & religioni, 4 ii (2009) pp. 153–205. 61. GHAMIDI, Javed Ahmad. The penal Shariʿa of Islam. Lahore: Al-Mawrid Institute of Islamic Sciences, 2004. 70 pp. 62. HAMOUDI, Haider Ala & CAMMACK, Mark. Islamic law in modern courts. New York: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. 792 pp. [See chapter 6 on “Criminal law”, pp. 559–676.] 63. HANIF, N. Islamic concept of crime and justice, New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 1999. 2 vols. 64. HARVEY, Ramon. The Qurʾan and the just society. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018. 248 pp. [See chapters 12 and 13 on “Public crimes” and “Private crimes”.] 65. ḤASĀN, Najmul & AZIZ, Ahmād. Analysis of the objectives and classification of punishments in Islām. Journal of Religious Studies of the University of Chitral (UOCHJRS), 1 i (2017) pp. 43–50.

General and Reference

9

66. HATHOUT, M. Crime and punishment: an Islamic perspective. Minaret, 19 (1997) pp. 9–11. 67. HEDAYATI-KAHKI, Mohammad. Islamic Law. Participation in crime— domestic and comparitive perspectives, substantive issues in criminal law. Ed. Alan Reed, Michael Bohlander. Abingdon etc.: Ashgate, 2013, pp. 341–358. 68. HOMMA, Hideaki. Structural characteristics of Islamic penal law. Minami Uonuma-shi, Niigata-ken: International University of Japan, Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, 1986. 118 pp. 69. HOSEN, Nadirsyah (ed.). Research handbook on Islamic law and society. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018. 474 pp. [See Part 3 “Criminal law and justice”, pp. 201–271.] 70. HOSNI, Naguib. Islamic fundamentalism and the criminal law. L’Egypte contemporaine, 29 (1988) pp. 5–23. 71. HOSNI, Naguib. Le droit pénal islamique. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 56 iii–iv (1985) pp. 401–417. 72. HOSNI, Naguib. Zu den Grundlagen des islamischen Strafrechts. Zeit­ schrift für die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 97 (1985) pp. 609–625. 73. HOSNI, Naguib. La legislation pénale dans le monde arabe. Revue de Science Criminelle et de Droit Pénal Comparé, 1 (1967) pp. 795–814. 74. HOSSEINI, Seyed Mohammad. Les écoles du droit musulman confrontées aux modèles de politique criminelle (le cas des atteintes à la dignité de la femme). Thèse de doctorat en Droit pénal, Université de Paris 1, 1996. 382 pp. 75. HUDA, Md Nurul (ed.). Shariah and modern judiciary systems. Uxbridge: Koros Press Limited, 2012. 280 pp. 76. HUSSAIN, Jamila. Islam. Its law and society. Sydney: The Federation Press, 2011. 304 pp. [See chapter “Islamic criminal law” pp. 167–183.]

10

General and Reference

77. IBN JUBEIR, Mohammad Ibn Ibrahim. Criminal law in Islam: basic sources and general principles. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world: a comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 41–55. 78. IBN JUBEIR, Mohammad Ibn Ibrahim. Definition of crime according to Islamic law and Islamic legislative sources. The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the symposium held in Riyadh 16–21 Shawal (9–13 October 1976). Rome: Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1980, pp. 33–88. 79. JESCHECK, H.-H. Droit pénal islamique et droit pénal laïque—points communs et points divergents. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 56 iii–iv (1985) pp. 419–424. 80. JESCHECK, Hans-Heinrich. Islamisches und westliches Strafrecht. Gemein­ sames und Gegensätze. Festschrift für Dietrich Oehler zum 75.Geburtstag. Ed. R.D. Herzberg. Köln: Carl Heymans Verlag, 1985, pp. 543–557. 81. JESCHECK, Hans-Heinrich & LÖFFLER, Klaus H.A. Quellen und Schrifttum des Strafrechts. Außereuropäische Staaten. Band 2. München: C.H. Beck, 1980. 801 pp. 82. JOPPKE, Christian. Islam and the legal enforcement of morality. Theory and Society, 43 vi (2014) pp. 589–615. 83. KADRI, Sadakat. Heaven on earth. A journey through Shariʿa law. London: Vintage Books, 2013. 352 pp. 84. KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Crime and punishment in Islamic law: a fresh interpretation. New York, NY: Oxford Unversity Press, 2019. 456 pp. 85. KARA, Mustafa A. The philosophy of punishment in Islamic law. Ph.D. dissertation, Claremont Graduate School, 1977. 271 pp. 86. KARČIĆ, Fikret. Applying the Sharīʿah in modern societies: main developments and issues. Islamic Studies, 40 ii (2001) pp. 207–226. 87. KEYZER, Salomo. Het Mohammedaansche strafregt, naar Arabische, Javaansche en Maleische bronnen. ’s-Gravenhage: Susan, 1857. 176 pp. [Reprinted: Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2010. 198 pp.]

General and Reference

11

88. KHADDURI, Majid. The Islamic conception of justice. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984. 256 pp. 89. KHAN, Arif Ali & KHAN, Tauqir Mohammad. Encyclopaedia of Islamic law, New Delhi: Pentagon Press, 2006. [See vol. 8 “Criminal law in Islam”.] 90. KHAN, Muhammad Moinuddin. Islamic law and criminology. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House, 2011. 300 pp. 91. KHAN, Tauqir Mohammad (ed.). Criminal law in Islam. New Delhi: Pentagon Press, 2007. 350 pp. 92. KHARE, R.S. Perspectives on Islamic law, justice, and society. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999. 207 pp. 93. KHOURY, Adel Theodor & HEINE, Peter & OEBBECKE, Janbernd (eds.). Handbuch Recht und Kultur des Islams in der deutschen Gesellschaft. Probleme im Alltag—Hintergründe—Antworten. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2000. 333 pp. [See “Teil 5 Strafrecht” pp. 231–258.] 94. LANGE, Christian. Public order. The Ashgate research companion to Islamic law. Ed. Peri Bearman, Ruud Peters. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2014, pp. 163–177. 95. LANGE, C.R. Crime and punishment in Islamic history (early to middle period): a framework for analysis. Religion Compass, 4 xi (2010) pp. 694–706. 96. LANGE, Christian & FIERRO, Maribel (eds). Public violence in Islamic societies: power, discipline, and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009. 312 pp. 97. LANGE, C.R. & FIERRO, M. Spatial, ritual and representational aspects of public violence in Islamic societies (7th–19th centuries CE). Public violence in Islamic societies. Power, discipline, and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE. Ed. Christian Lange, Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 1–24. 98. LANGE, Christian. Where on earth is hell? State punishment and eschatology in the Islamic middle period. Public violence in Islamic societies. Power, discipline, and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE.

12

General and Reference

Ed. Christian Lange, Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 156–178. 99. LANGE, Christian. Justice, punishment and the medieval Muslim imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 290 pp. 100. LAWAN, Mamman & SADA, Ibrahim N. & ALI, Shaheen Sardar. An introduction to Islamic criminal justice: a teaching and learning manual. Ed. Shaleen Mansoor. London: UK Centre for Legal Education, 2011. 103 pp. 101. LIEBESNY, Herbert. The law of the Near & Middle East. Readings, cases, & materials. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1975. 316 pp. [See chapter 10 “Penal law”, pp. 228–239.] 102. LIPPMAN, Matthew. Islamic criminal law and procedure: religious fundamentalism v. modern law. Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 12 i (1992) pp. 29–62. [Republished as: LIPPMAN, Matthew. Islamic criminal law and procedure: religious fundamentalism v. modern law. Issues in Islamic law. Ed. Mashood A. Baderin. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2014, pp. 347–380.] 103. LIPPMAN, Matthew Ross & MCCONVILLE, Seán & YERUSHALMI, Mordechai. Islamic criminal law and procedure: an introduction. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988. 170 pp. 104. LODI, Zakaur Rahman Khan. Modernity of penal justice in Islam. Islamic Culture, 41 (1967) pp. 155–171. 105. MADNI BUSAQ, Muhammad Al-. Perspectives on modern criminal policy & Islamic Sharia. Riyadh: Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, 2005. 228 pp. 106. MAHMOOD, Tahir. Law code in the holy Quran. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world: a comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 3–38. 107. MAHMOOD, Tahir (ed.). Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world: a comparative perspective. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 1996. 504 pp.

General and Reference

13

108. MAHMOUD, Mahgoub El-Tigani. Criminology and penology in Islamic jurisprudence. Lewiston, NY etc.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2015. 296 pp. 109. MANZANEQUE, Ángel & RIAÑO, Pedro. Compendio del derecho penal musulmán. Melilla: Artes Gráficas, 1918. 131 pp. [Republished as: MANZANEQUE, Ángel & RIAÑO, Pedro. Compendio del derecho penal musulmán. Pamplona: Analecta, Ediciones y Libros, 2005. 146 pp.] 110. MARSHALL, Paul (ed.). Radical Islam’s rules. The worldwide spread of extreme Shariʿa law. Lanham, MD: Freedom House’s Center for Religious Freedom, 2005. 226 pp. 111. MASOODI, G. Saqlain. Philosophy and basic principles of Islamic penal jurisprudence: a comparative view. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 118–140. 112. MASOODI, G. Saqlain. Modern criminal law and the Qurʾanic penal philosophy. Islamic & Comparative Law Quarterly, 2 (1982) pp. 161–174. 113. MAYDANI, Riyad. ʿUqubat: penal law. Law in the Middle East. Volume 1: Origin and development of Islamic law. Ed. M. Khadduri, J.J. Liebesny. Washington, DC: The Middle East Institute, 1955, pp. 223–235. 114. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. Law and religion in the Muslim Middle East. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 35 i (1987) pp. 127–184. 115. MEHAT, Hashim bin. Islamic criminal law and criminal behavior. Kuala Lumpur: Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia, 1993. 79 pp. 116. MINDA, Agnieszka & NOWAK, Joanna. Sharia criminal law—structure and influence throughout history. Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe, 18 xxvii (2015), pp. 19–27. 117. MOMMSEN, Theodor. Zum ältesten Strafrecht der Kulturvölker. Fragen zur Rechtsvergleichung, gestellt von Theodor Mommsen, beantwortet von H. Brunner, B. Freudenthal, J. Goldziher, H.F. Hitzig, Th. Noeldeke, H. Oldenberg, G. Roethe, J. Wellhausen, U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorf. Mit einem Vorworte von Karl Binding. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1905. 112 pp. [See chapter V. “Arabisch”, pp. 87–89 and chapter VII. “Islam”, pp. 101–112.]

14

General and Reference

118. MORAND, Marcel. L’interdiction en droit musulman. Alger: Typographie A. Jourdan, 1901. 74 pp. 119. MOSTAFA, Mahmoud M. Principes de droit pénal des pays arabes. Paris: Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1972. 190 pp. 120. MUDA, Zulkifly. The concept of crime and criminal law in Islam. Kota Samarahan, Sarawak: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 2010. 177 pp. 121. NAGEL, Tilman. Das islamische Recht: Eine Einführung. Westhofen: WVAVerlag Skulima, 2001. 388 pp. [See pp. 84–92.] 122. NASIRU, W.O.A. The Islamic way of controlling crime. Orita, 26 i–ii (1994) pp. 79–86. 123. NASR, Hesham & CRYSTAL, Jill & BROWN, Nathan. Criminal justice and prosecution in the Arab world. A study prepared for the United Nations Development Program. Program on Governance in the Arab Region, 2004. 26 pp. 124. NYAZEE, Imran Ahsan Khan. Outlines of Islamic jurisprudence, Islamabad: Center for Excellence in Research, 2016. 548 pp. [See chapter 26 “Crimes and torts” pp. 421–442.] 125. ORLANDO, Pablo. El derecho penal Islámico y su concepción de la pena. Derecho y Humanidades, 16 i (2010) pp. 209–221. 126. OTTO, Jan Michiel. Towards comparative conclusions on the role of sharia in national law. Sharia incorporated: a comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim countries in past and present. Ed. Jan Michiel Otto. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010, pp. 613–654. 127. OTTO, Jan Michiel (ed.). Sharia incorporated. A comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim countries in past and present. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010. 676 pp. 128. OTTO, Jan Michiel & DEKKER, A.J. & SOEST-ZUURDEEG, L.J. van (eds.). Sharia en nationaal recht in twaalf moslimlanden. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006. 390 pp.

General and Reference

15

129. OTTO, Jan Michiel. Sharia en national recht. Rechtssystemen in moslimlanden tussen traditie, politiek en rechtsstaat. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006. 242 pp. 130. OUAZZANI CHAHDI, Loubna El. Las divergencias entre las escuelas jurídicas en materia penal. Anaquel de estudios árabes, 14 (2003) pp. 189–200. 131. ʿOUDAH, Abdul Qader. Criminal law of Islam. New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, 1999, 4 vols. 1378 pp. 132. PACIC, Jasmin. Islamisches Strafrecht: Untersuchungen zur Rechtslehre und zur Rolle der Politik im Strafsystem der Scharia. Karlsruhe: Deutscher Informationsdienst über den Islam e.V., 2009. 219 pp. 133. PALMER, Eshaam. The handling of the offender within the Islamic penal system. M.A. thesis, University of South Africa (Pretoria), 1993. 227 pp. 134. PETERS, Rudolph. Crime and punishment in Islamic law. Theory and practice from the sixteenth to the twenty-first century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 219 pp. 135. PETERS, Rudolph. The enforcement of God’s law. The Shariʿah in the present world of Islam. Comparative perspectives on Shariʿah in Nigeria. Ed. Philip Ostien, Jamila M Masir, Franz Kogelmann. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2005, pp. 107–134. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 561–584.] 136. PETERS, Ruud. De hedendaagse toepassing van het islamitisch recht. In het huis van de Islam: Geografie, geschiedenis, geloofsleer, cultuur, economie, politiek. Ed. Henk Driessen. Nijmegen: SUN, 1997, pp. 259–277. 137. PETERS, Rudolph. The Islamization of criminal law: a comparative Analysis. Die Welt des Islams, 34 ii (1994) pp. 246–274. 138. PETERS, Rudolph. Whisky in de Nijl: Islamitische regimes en de islamisering van het recht (Inaugurele rede Universiteit van Amsterdam, 7 december 1992). Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Vakgroep Arabische en Islamitische Studiën, 1993. 32 pp.

16

General and Reference

139. PETERS, Rudolph. Het islamitisch strafrecht. Justitiële Verkenningen, 16 vi (1990) pp. 67–87. 140. QARADAWI, Yusuf Al-. The lawful and the prohibited in Islam. American Trust Publications, 2016. 368 pp. 141. RAMADAN, Hisham M. On Islamic punishment. Understanding Islamic law. From classical to contemporary. Ed. Hisham M. Ramadan. Lanham, MD etc.: Altamira Press, 2006, pp. 43–64. 142. ROBERSON, Cliff & DAS, Dilip K. An introduction to comparative legal models of criminal justice. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008. 354 pp. [See chapters 6 and 7, pp. 145–176.] 143. ROHE, Mathias. Islamic law in past and present. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2014. 650 pp. [See chapter “Criminal law and law of tort”, pp. 155–180 and chapter “Penal law”, pp. 333–345.] 144. ROHE, Mathias. Das islamische Recht. Eine Einführung. C.H. Beck: München, 2013. [See chapter “Strafrecht”, pp. 48–54.] 145. ROHE, Mathias. Das islamische Recht. Geschichte und Gegenwart. München: C.H. Beck, 2009. 606 pp. [See pp. 262–271 on “Islamic penal law”.] 146. SADEGHI, Hossein Mir Mohammad. Islamic criminal law and the challenge of change, a comparative study. M. Phil. thesis, University of London, 1986. 388 pp. 147. SAFWAT, Safia M. Crimes and punishments under the various schools of shariʿa: a comparative overview. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 56–99. 148. SAFWAT, Safia. Offences and penalties in Islamic laws. The Islamic Quarterly, 26 iii (1982) pp. 149–181. 149. SAID, Sahar. Islamic criminal law: misinterpreted and misunderstood. International Law News, 40 ii (2011).

General and Reference

17

150. SALEH, Osman Al-. The right of the individual to personal security in Islam. The Islamic criminal justice system. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. London & New York: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 55–90. 151. SCOLART, Deborah. L’Islam, il reato, la pena: dal fiqh alla codificazione del diritto penale. Roma: Istituto per l’Oriente C.A. Nallino, 2013. 424 pp. 152. SERAJZADEH, Seyed Hossein. Islam and crime. The moral community of Muslims. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 4 (2001–2002) pp. 111–131. 153. SFEIR, George N. Modernization of the law in Arab states, an investigation into current civil, criminal and constitutional law in the Arab World. San Francisco: Austin & Winfield Publishers, 1998. 275 pp. 154. SHABBIR, Mohammad. Outlines of criminal law and justice in Islam. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan: International Law Book Services, 2002. 409 pp. 155. SHAHIDULLAH, Shahid M. Comparative criminal justice systems. Global and local perspectives. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2014. 554 pp. 156. SHARIF, Muhammad. Crimes and punishment in Islamic law. Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture, 1982. 40 pp. 157. SHERWANI, Ali Akram Khan. Impact of Islamic penal laws on the traditional Arab society. New Delhi: MD Publications, 1993. 95 pp. 158. SIDDIQI, Muhammad Iqbal. The penal law of Islam. Lahore: Kazi Publica­ tions, 1979. 191 pp. 159. SOROUR, Ahmed Fathi. Les orientations actuelles de la politique crimi­ nelle des pays arabes. Archives de politique criminelle, 2 (1977) pp. 173–183. 160. SOURYAL, Sam S. Islam, Islamic law and the turn to violence. Huntsville, TX: Office of International Criminal Justice, 2004. 246 pp. 161. SPALEK, Basia (ed.). Islam, crime and criminal justice. Cullompton, Devon: Willan Publishing, 2002. 148 pp.

18

General and Reference

162. STROTHMANN, Peter. Das Strafrecht der vorislamischen und der islamischen Araber. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Hamburg, 1950. 137 pp. 163. TAHIR-UL-QADRI, Muhammad. Islamic concept of crime. Lahore: Minhajul-Quran Publications, 1999. 32 pp. 164. TAHIR-UL-QADRI, Muhammad. Islamic penal system & philosophy. Lahore: Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications, 1995. 532 pp. 165. TELLENBACH, S. Law, crime, and society in the Middle East. Crime fiction in and around the Eastern Mediterranean. Ed. Börte Sagaster, Martin Strohmeier, Stephan Guth. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2016, pp. 33–44. 166. TELLENBACH, S. Islamic criminal law. The Oxford handbook of criminal law. Ed. M.D. Dubber, T. Hörnle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 248–268. 167. TELLENBACH, S. La détermination de crimes et délits dans le droit pénal islamique. De la faute et du crime—nature et cultures. Ed. Jean dit Motte Falisse, Paris: L’Harmattan, 2014, pp. 123–127. 168. TELLENBACH, S. Crime and punishment in Islamic law. The Oxford international encyclopedia of legal history. Ed. St. N. Katz. New York, NY etc.: Oxford University Press, 2009, 2 vols., pp. 277–280. 169. TERRILL, Richard. World criminal justice systems. A survey. Seventh Edition. New Providence, NJ: Matthew Bender & Company, 2009. [See chapter 7 “Islamic Law”, pp. 597–721.] 170. THAKEB, Fahed Al- & SCOTT, Joseph E. Islamic law: an examination of its revitalisation. The British Journal of Criminology, 21 i (1981) pp. 58–69. 171. THÓT, Ladislaus von. Orientalische Strafrechtsstudien. Archiv für Kriminal-Anthropologie und Kriminalistik. Leipzig: F.C.W. Vogel, 34 iii (1909), pp. 271–306. 172. VAHED, Muhammed Abdullah. Crime and punishment: a comparative analysis between Islamic law (Shariʿah) and Western law. Durban: Al-Noor Publishers, 2003. 273 pp.

Abortion

19

173. VASSALLI, Giuliano. En marge du droit pénal islamique. Mélanges en l’honneur du doyen P. Bouzat. Paris: Éditions A. Pedone, 1980, pp. 75–100. 174. VIKØR, Knut S. Between God and the sultan. A history of Islamic law. London: Hurst & Co, 2005. 387 pp. [See pp. 280–298.] 175. VILA DIOS, Miguel. Fiqh al-ŷināyāt: introducción al derecho penal islāmico. Revista General de Derecho Penal, 24 (2015) pp. 1–35. 176. VOGLER, Richard. A world view of criminal justice. Aldershot etc.: Ashgate, 2005. [See chapter 6 “Islamic criminal justice: theocratic inquisitoriality”, pp. 105–126.] 177. WALI ULLAH, Mir. Muslim jurisprudence and the Quranic law of crimes. Lahore: Islamic Book Service, 1982. 167 pp. 178. WALI ULLAH, Mir. The Quraanic law of crimes; and lectures on some important topics of Muslim jurisprudence. Abbottabad, 1964. 151 pp. 179. WARBERG, Lasse. Shariʿa: Om den islamiske strafferetten (uqûbât). Nordisk tidsskrift for kriminalvidenskab, 1993, pp. 260–283. 180. YUSUF, Danish. Law for crime under Islam. New Delhi: Random Pub­ lications, 2012. 296 pp.

Abortion 181. ABDUL HUSSAIN, Arif. Ensoulment and the prohibition of abortion in Islam. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 16 ii (2005) pp. 239–250. 182. AKSOY, S. Can the time of ensoulment be the beginning of an individual person? Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of South Africa/Majallat al-Jamʿīyah al-Ṭibbiyah al-Islāmīyah bi-Janūb Ifrīqīya, 4 i (1998) pp. 2–6. 183. ALBAR, Mohammad Ali. An Islamic view on contraception and abortion. Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 21 ii (1989) pp. 79–82.

20

Abortion

184. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami A. Abortion in Islamic and Arab law. Recht van de Islam, 26 (2012) pp. 13–26. 185. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Le statut juridique du fœtus chez les musulmans hier et aujourd’hui. Éthique, religion, droit et reproduction, Paris: GREF, 1998, pp. 63–80. 186. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Avortement et limitation des naissances en droit musulman et arabe. Journal international de bioéthique, 7 iii (1996) pp. 202–211. 187. ALKALI, Alhaji Umar. Abortion: an infringement of the foetus’ right to life in Islamic law. IIUM Law Journal, 23 i (2015) pp. 85–105. 188. ARAWI, Y.A. Islam and abortion. Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 43 i (2011) pp. 39–40. 189. ARDESTANI, Abass Shafei & KHAGHANI ESFAHANI, Mahdi & HUSSEINI, Seyed Mohammad. Abortion in the views of different religions and laws. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 iv (2016) pp. 99–109. 190. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Aspects of the management of the rising life comparing Islamic law and the laws of modern Muslim states. Droit et Cultures, 59 (2010) pp. 305–329. 191. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. L’aborto in caso di stupro nel mondo islamico. Etnoginecologia Oggi, 1 (2007) pp. 24–29. 192. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Le leggi sull’aborto in alcuni Stati musulmani: tra diritto islamico e diritto positivo. Medicina e Morale, 5 (1998) pp. 969–988. 193. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Musulmani e procurato aborto: una prospettiva etico-giuridica. Kos, 137 (1997) pp. 56–59. 194. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Controllo delle nascite e aborto nella tradizione islamica. Aggiornamenti Sociali, 9–10 (1995) pp. 657–664. 195. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Islàm e aborto. Medicina e Morale, 4 (1993) pp. 711–732.

Abortion

21

196. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. L’Islàm non ha una libertà di aborto. Jesus, 12 (1993) pp. 103–105. 197. BADR, Yasmine. The foetus in Sunnī Islamic law. An introduction. M.A. thesis, McGill University, 2001. 111 pp. 198. BOWEN, Donna Lee. Islamic law and family planning. Islam and social policy. Ed. Stephen P. Heyneman. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2004, pp. 118–155. 199. BOWEN, Donna Lee. Contemporary Muslim ethics of abortion. Islamic ethics of life: abortion, war, and euthanasia. Ed. Jonathan E. Brockopp. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2003, pp. 51–80. 200. BOWEN, Donna Lee. Abortion and the ethics of life. Everyday life in the Muslim Middle East. Ed. Donna Lee Bowen, Evelyn A. Early. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2002, pp. 169–179. 201. BOWEN, Donna Lee. Abortion, Islam and the 1994 Cairo population conference. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 29 ii (1997)  pp. 161–184. 202. DEURASEH, Nurdeen. Is birth control permissible by Islamic law (shariʿah)? Arab Law Quarterly, 18 i (2003) pp. 90–97. 203. EBRAHIM, Abul Fadl Mohsin. Legal consequences for deliberate aggression against the foetus. Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of South Africa/Majallat al-Jamʿīyah al-Ṭibbiyah al-Islāmīyah bi-Janūb Ifrīqīya, 4 i (1998) pp. 6–9. 204. EBRAHIM, Abul Fadl Mohsin. Abortion, birth control and surrogate paren­ ting: an Islamic perspective. Indianapolis, IN: American Trust Publications, 1989. 103 pp. 205. EICH, Thomas. Die Diskussion islamischer Rechtsgelehrter um premarital screening und die Abtreibung behinderter Embryonen. Kulturübergreifende Bioethik. Zwischen globaler Herausforderung und regionaler Perspektive. Ed. Thomas Eich, Thomas Sören Hoffmann. Freiburg im Breisgau: Alber, 2006, pp. 152–178.

22

Abortion

206. ELWAN, Omaia. Das Problem der Empfängnisregelung und Abtreibung. Die herrschende Auffassung des Staates und der religiösen Kreise in islamischen Ländern. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 70 (1968) pp. 25–80. 207. ELWAN, Omaia. Empfängnisregelung und Abtreibung im Islam—ein Beitrag zum Recht der Entwicklungsländer. Rechtsvergleichung und Rechtsvereinheitlichung: Festschrift zum fünfzigjährigen Bestehen des Instituts für Ausländisches und Internationales Privat- und Wirtschaftsrecht der Universität Heidelberg. Ed. Eduard Wahl, Rolf Serick, Hubert Niederländer. Heidelberg: Winter, 1967, pp. 439–470. 208. FISCHER, Nils. Der Status des Embryos im Islam. St. Augustin: KonradAdenauer-Stiftung, 2014. 56 pp. 209. GHĀMIDĪ, Javed Aḥmad & SALEEM, Shehzad. Abortion. Renaissance: A Monthly Islamic Journal, 20 xii (2010) pp. 3–4. 210. GRÄF, Erwin. Die Stellungnahme des islamischen Rechts zu Geburten­ regelung (Tanẓīm an-nasl) und Geburtenbeschränkung (Taḥdīd an-nasl). Der Orient in der Forschung. Festschrift für Otto Spies. Ed. Wilhelm Hoenerbach. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1967, pp. 209–232. 211. HEGAB, Moustafa H. Abortion: medical and moral aspects in Islamic perspectives. Looking beneath the surface: medical ethics from Islamic and Western perspectives. Ed. Hendrik M. Vroom et al. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2013, pp. 177–185. 212. HÉLIE, Anissa. The politics of abortion policy in the heterogeneous “Muslim world”. Self-determination and women’s rights in Muslim societies. Ed. Chitra Raghavan, James P. Levine. Boston: Brandeis University Press, 2012, pp. 3–36. 213. HESSINI, Leila. Islam and abortion: the diversity of discourses and practices. IDS Bulletin, 39 iii (2008) pp. 18–27. 214. HESSINI, Leila. Abortion and Islam: policies and practice in the Middle East and North Africa. Reproductive Health Matters, 15 xxix (2007) pp. 75–84.

Abortion

23

215. HULLAYES, Saleha al-. The right of the fetus in Islam: an applied study on the eligibility and objectivity of Shariah. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 78 (2008) pp. 15–18. 216. KATZ, Marion Holmes. The problem of abortion in classical Sunni fiqh. Islamic ethics of life: abortion, war, and euthanasia. Ed. Jonathan E. Brockopp. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2003, pp. 25–50. 217. KHITAMY, Badawy A.B. Divergent views on abortion and the period of ensoulment. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 13 i (2013) pp. 26–31. 218. KHORFAN, Rhami & PADELA, Aasim I. The bioethical concept of life for life in Judaism, Catholicism, and Islam: abortion when the mother’s life is in danger. Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 42 iii (2010) pp. 99–105. 219. KHOURY, Adel Theodor. Abtreibung im Islam. Christlich-Islamische Begegnungs- und Dokumentationsstelle e.V. Deutsche Bischofskonferenz. CIBEDO Dokumentation Nr. 11, Köln, 1981. 220. LOHLKER, Rüdiger. Schariʿa und Moderne: Diskussionen zum Schwanger­ schaftsabbruch, zur Versicherung und zum Zinswesen. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1996. 156 pp. 221. MAFFI, Irene & TØNNESSEN, Liv. The limits of the law: abortion in the Middle East and North Africa. Health and Human Rights Journal, 21 ii (2019) pp. 1–6. 222. NIELSEN, H.L. “Det mindste af to onder”—om abort i islam. MellemøstInformation, 14 xi (1997) pp. 14–17. 223. PACHMAN, Wojciech. Aborcja w prawie muzułmańskim. Przegląd Orientalistyczny, 206–207 (2003) pp. 228–232. 224. PARMISCIANO, Laura. Aborto e contraccezione nella cultura araboislamica. San Demetrio Corone: Irfan, 2012. 72 pp.

24

Alcohol, Shurb al-Khamr, Intoxicants, Drugs, Tobacco

225. RISPLER-CHAIM, Vardit. The right not to be born: abortion of the disadvantaged fetus in contemporary fatwas. The Muslim World, 89 ii (1999) pp. 130–143. 226. ROGERS, Therisa. The Islamic ethics of abortion in the traditional Islamic sources. The Muslim World, 89 ii (1999) pp. 122–129. 227. ŠALTŪT, Maḥmūd. Abortion. Etudes Arabes: Dossiers, 106–107/2009–10 (2010) pp. 174–179. 228. SHAPIRO, Gilla K. Abortion law in Muslim-majority countries: an overview of the Islamic discourse with policy implications. Health Policy and Planning, 29 (2014), pp. 483–494. 229. TAGELDIN, Medani Abdelrahman. The right to abortion: a comparative examination of its legal implications from Islamic and Western perspective. Journal of Objective Studies, 11 i (1999) pp. 1–36. 230. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Schwangerschaftsabbruch im internationalen Vergleich: Übersichtsberichte arabische Staaten. Schwangerschafts­ abbruch im internationalen Vergleich. Rechtliche Regelungen, soziale Rahmenbedingungen, empirische Grunddaten. Teil 2: Außereuropa. Ed. A. Eser, H.G. Koch. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1989, pp. 1119–1186. 231. VALLARO, M. Cenni sulla valutazione dell’aborto nella religione islamica. Sociologia del Diritto, 3 (1980). 232. VALLI, Rafique. Islam’s solution to abortion, contraception, organ transplants, test tube babies, gestation, surrogacy, prosthetic surgery. Lagos: Al-Waseelat Publishers, 1993. 48 pp. 233. WHALEY, Zoe. Birth control and abortion in the practice and tradition of Islam. Macalester Islam Journal, 2/3 (2007) pp. 28–33.

Alcohol, Shurb al-Khamr, Intoxicants, Drugs, Tobacco 234. ALI, Mansur. Perspectives on drug addiction in Islamic history and theology. Religions, 5 (2014) pp. 912–928.

Alcohol, Shurb al-Khamr, Intoxicants, Drugs, Tobacco

25

235. AMJAD, Moiz. Wine—good or bad? Renaissance: A Monthly Islamic Journal, 11 iv (2001) pp. 5–9. 236. AMMAR, Khashan. The Quran’s prohibition of khamr (intoxicants): a historical and legal analysis for the sake of contemporary Islamic economics. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 9 (2016) pp. 97–112. 237. BOUSSEROUEL, Hébri. Ce que disent l’islam et la science sur le tabac et l’alcool. Paris: Universel, 1997. 206 pp. 238. BRINKMANN, Stefanie. Wine in ḥadīth—from intoxication to sobriety. Wine culture in Iran and beyond. Ed. Bert G. Fragner, Ralph Kauz, Florian Schwarz. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2014, pp. 71–136. 239. BRÜCKNER, Matthias. Ein islamisches Tabakverbot? Untersuchung anhand moderner islamischer Rechtsgutachten. Orient, 51 i (2010) pp. 51–56. 240. BRÜCKNER, Matthias. Fatwaindex zum Alkoholverbot, neue Medien u.a. Würzburg: Ergon, 2001. [CD-ROM]. 241. BRÜCKNER, Matthias. Fatwas zum Alkohol unter dem Einfluss neuer Medien im 20. Jhdt. Würzburg: Ergon, 2001. 143 pp. 242. DALEN, Dorrit van. This filthy plant: the inspiration of a central Sudanic scholar in the debate on tobacco. Islamic Africa, 3 ii (2012) pp. 227–247. 243. DANNER, Victor. Intoxication and sobriety in Sufism. The inner journey: views from the Islamic tradition. Ed. William C. Chittick. Sandpoint: Morning Light Press, 2007, pp. 291–302. 244. DEURASEH, Nurdeen. Is imbibing al-khamr (intoxicating drink) for medical purposes permissible by Islamic law? Arab Law Quarterly, 18 iii/iv (2003) pp. 355–364. 245. FEINS, Daniel Scott. Wine and Islam: the dichotomy between theory and practice in early Islamic history. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Edinburg, 1997. 292 pp. 246. HAIDER, Najam. Contesting intoxication: early juristic debates over the lawfulness of alcoholic beverages. Islamic Law and Society, 20 (2013) pp. 48–89.

26

Alcohol, Shurb al-Khamr, Intoxicants, Drugs, Tobacco

247. JAVED, Azhar. Shariʿah: how did it successfully prohibit consumption of alcohol? Journal of Islamic State Practices in International Law, 1 i (2005) pp. 66–86. 248. KLEIN-FRANKE, F. No smoking in paradise: the habit of tobacco smoking judged by Muslim law. Le Museon, 106 (1993), pp. 155–183. 249. KOOP, Jochen. Drogen und Drogenrecht im islamischen Orient. Diplomar­ beit, Universität Leipzig, 2000. 130 pp. 250. LONG, M. Intoxication. Islamic images and ideas: essays on sacred symbolism. Ed. John Andrew Morrow. London: McFarland & Company, 2014, pp. 75–100. 251. MARAQTEN, M. Wine drinking and wine prohibition in Arabia before Islam. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 23 (1993) pp. 95–115. 252. MATTHEE, Rudi. Alcohol in the Islamic Middle East: ambivalence and ambiguity. Past & Present, 222 (suppl 9) (2014) pp. 100–125. 253. MICHALAK, Laurence & TROCKI, Karen. Alcohol and Islam: an overview. Contemporary Drug Problems, 33 (2006) pp. 523–562. 254. MOGHADAM, Mohammad Hassan Ghosian & MORADI, Mohammad. Effects of alcohol consumption on human health from the perspective of Holy Quran and modern medicine. Quran & Medicine, 1 iii (2012) pp. 45–53. 255. MUHAMMAD, Nisar. The problem of alcohol dependence and its solution in Islam. Pharos: Research Journal of the Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Peshawar, 3/14 (1997) pp. 132–145. 256. MURANYI, Miklos. Untersuchungen zu šarīʿa-rechtlichen Entwicklungen der Gegenwart. I. Ein Rechtsgutachten (fatwā) über das Chininverbot im Islam. Arabica, 27 (1980) pp. 223–256. 257. NAHAS, Gabriel G. Hashish in Islam 9th to 18th century. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 58 ix (1982) pp. 814–831.

Alcohol, Shurb al-Khamr, Intoxicants, Drugs, Tobacco

27

258. OPWIS, Felicitas. Schariatrechtliche Stellungnahmen zum Drogenverbot. Welt des Islams, 39 ii (1999) pp. 159–182. 259. OTHMAN, Farhad. Ces tabous qui défigurent l’islam. 3 vols. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2015. (1.—L’alcool, 86 pp.; 2.—L’apostasie et l’homosexualité, 108 pp.; 3.—La nudité, le sexe et le voile, 88 pp.) 260. RICHTER, Paul. Beiträge zur Geschichte der alkoholhaltigen Getränke bei den orientalischen Völkern und des Alkohols. Archiv für die Geschichte der Mathematik, der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik, 4 (1913) pp. 429–452. 261. SALIM, Abdelghafar. Einblicke in klassisch islamische Rechtsdiskurse zu ḫamr: ein Beitrag zum Verständnis von Theorie und Praxis. Islamisches Recht in Wissenschaft und Praxis. Festschrift zu Ehren von Hans-Georg Ebert. Ed. Hatem Elliesie, Beate Anam. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2018, pp. 137–162. 262. SHEIKH, Mustapha & ISLAM, Tajul. Islam, alcohol, and identity: towards a critical Muslim studies approach. ReOrient, 3 ii (2018) pp. 185–211. 263. SIDDIQUI, Mona. Drinking and drunkenness in Ibn Rushd. Studies in Islamic law: a Festschrift for Colin Imber. Ed. Andreas Christmann, Robert Gleave. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 281–294. 264. VINCHON, J. Notes sur l’histoire de l’alcoolisme dans l’Islam. Mémoire de la Société Française d’Histoire de Médicine, 2 (1946) pp. 21–24. 265. WAINES, David. Abu Zayd al-Balkhī on the nature of forbidden drink: a medieval Islamic controversy. Patterns of everyday life. Ed. David Waines. Aldershot etc.: Ashgate, 2002, pp. 329–344. 266. WATT, W. Montgomery. Islam and wine-drinking. Studi in onore di Francesco Gabrieli nel suo ottantesimo compleanno. Ed. R. Traini. Rome: Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Studi Orientali, 1984, pp. 847–850. 267. WENSINCK, A.J. Wine in Islam. The Muslim World, 18 iv (1928) pp. 365–73.

28

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion 268. ABOU-BAKR, Omaima. Freedom of religion in Qurʾanic exegesis. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 33–51. 269. ABU DAOUD. Apostates of Islam. St Francis Magazine, 3 iv (2008) pp. 1–8. 270. ABU HASAN. The killer mistake. A critique of Nuh Keller’s “Iman, kufr and takfir”. N.p.: Ridawi Press, 2013. 222 pp. 271. ABUSULAYMAN, AbdulHamid (transl. by Nancy Roberts). Apostates, Islam & freedom of faith. Change of conviction vs change of allegiance. London & Washington, DC: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2013. 36 pp. 272. ADANG, Camilla & ANSARI, Hassan & FIERRO, Maribel & SCHMIDTKE, Sabine (eds.). Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016. 534 pp. 273. ADEMI, Cefli. Die Frage nach der Sanktionsbedürftigkeit der „Religi­ onsbeschimpfung“ im deutschen und islamischen Strafrecht. GAIRMitteilungen, 4 (2012) pp. 53–71. 274. AHMAD, Ahmad Atif. Islam, modernity, violence, and everyday life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 213 pp. [See chapter 6 “Apostasy”, pp. 147–168.] 275. AHMAD, Ahmad Atif. Al-Ghazālī’s contribution to the Sunnī juristic discourses on apostasy. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 7 (2007) pp. 50–73. 276. AHMAD, Hazrat Mirza Tahir. Murder in the name of Allah. Tilford, Surrey: Islam International Publications Ltd., 2013. 160 pp. 277. AHMAD, Syed Barakat. Conversion from Islam. The Islamic world from classical to modern times. Ed. C.E. Bosworth, C. Issawi, R. Savory, A.L. Udovitch. Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1989, pp. 3–25.

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

29

278. ALALWANI, Taha Jabir. Apostasie im Islam: eine historische und skriptu­rale Analyse. Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), 2014. 24 pp. 279. ALALWANI, Taha Jabir (translated by Nancy Roberts, abridged by Alison Lake). Apostasy in Islam: a historical and scriptural analysis. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2012. 22 pp. 280. ALALWANI, Taha Jabir. Apostasy in Islam: a historical and scriptural analysis. London & Washington, DC: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2011. 157 pp. 281. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami A. El delito de apostasia hoy y sus consecuencias segun el derecho arabe y musulman. Encuentro Islamo-Cristiano, 281 (1995) pp. 1–16. 282. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Salman Rushdie et l’iceberg: conséquences pénales et politiques de l’apostasie en droit musulman et arabe. Mélanges en l’honneur de Jan Štěpán à l’occasion de son 80ème anniversaire. Ed. Jarmila Bednaříková, Frank C. Chapman, II. Publications de l’Institut suisse de droit comparé, 23. Zürich: Schulthess Polygraphischer Verlag, 1994, pp. 255–274. 283. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Le délit d’apostasie aujourd’hui et ses conséquences en droit arabe et musulman. Islamochristiana, 20 (1994) pp. 93–116. 284. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Prima e dopo Salman Rushdie: il reato di apostasia e le sue conseguenze in diritto musulmano e arabo. Rivista internazionale dei diritti dell’uomo, 6 i (1993) pp. 41–71. 285. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Islam und Religionsfreiheit. Gewissen und Freiheit, 28 (1987) pp. 14–19. 286. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Liberté religieuse et apostasie dans l’islam. Praxis juridique et religion, 3 (1986) pp. 43–76. 287. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Islam et liberté religieuse. Conscience et Liberté, 27 (1984) pp. 24–33.

30

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

288. ALI, Abdullah bin Hamid. Preserving the freedom for faith: reevaluating the politics of compulsion. Review of Faith & International Affairs, 9 ii (2011) pp. 3–9. 289. ALI, Kecia. Transgressing all bounds? Gendering authority and engendering orthodoxy. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 177–193. 290. ʿALĪ, Muḥammad. Apostasy in Islam. Light & Islamic Review, 83 i (2006) pp. 9–12. 291. ALMIRZANAH, Syafa‌ʾatun. On human rights and the Qurʾanic perspective: freedom of religion and the rule of apostasy. Al-Jāmiʿah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 45 ii (2007) pp. 367–388. 292. ʿALWANI, Taha Jabir Fayyad Al-. L’apostasie en islam: un réexamen critique du corpus musulman. Paris: Harmattan, 2014. 61 pp. 293. ʿALWĀNĪ, Ṭāhā Ǧābir al-. The judgment against apostasy and the punishment for the apostate. Etudes Arabes: Dossiers—nouvelle série, 109 (2012) pp. 85–171. 294. ʿALWĀNĪ, Ṭāhā Jābir Al-. The ḥadīth “Whoever changes his (Islamic) religion, kill him” and some of the problems related to it. Etudes Arabes: Dossiers, 109 (2012) pp. 164–171. 295. AMJAD, Moiz. Punishment for apostates. Renaissance: A Monthly Islamic Journal, 21 iv (2011) pp. 35–37. 296. ARZT, Donna E. Heroes or heretics: religious dissidents under Islamic law. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 14 (1996) pp. 349–421. 297. ASAD, Talal. Is critique secular? Blasphemy, injury, and free speech. Berkeley: University of California, 2009. 154 pp. 298. ATTAR, Jamel. Je croyais en ʿIssa, j’ai rencontré Jésus: quand un musulman fervent est confronté à la grâce. Romanel-sur-Lausanne: Ourania, 2013. 124 pp.

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

31

299. AYOUB, M. Religious freedom and the law of apostasy in Islam. Islamo­ christiana, 20 (1994) pp. 75–91. 300. BADAR, Mohamed & NAGATA, Masaki & TUENI, Tiphanie. The radical application of the Islamist concept of “takfir”. Arab Law Quarterly, 31 (2017) pp. 134–162. 301. BADRY, Roswitha. On the takfīr of Arab women’s rights advocates in recent times. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke, Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016, pp. 354–380. 302. BADRY, Roswitha. Das Instrument der Verketzerung, seine Politisierung und der Bedarf nach einer Neubeurteilung der ‘Scharia’ und der Apostasiefrage im Islam. Islamverherrlichung. Wenn die Kritik zum Tabu wird. Ed. Thorsten Gerald Schneiders. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 2010, pp. 117–129. 303. BAJNAID, Ilhaam Abdullah. Repentance of the apostate between acceptance and rejection. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/ Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 104 (2015) pp. 12–15. 304. BAKER, Man. Capital punishment for apostasy in Islam. Arab Law Quarterly, 32 (2018) pp. 1–23. 305. BÄLZ, Kilian. Eheauflösung aufgrund von Apostasie durch Popularklage. Der Fall Abû Zayd. Praxis des Internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts (IPRax), 16 (1996) pp. 353–356. 306. BEKE, D. Islam-recht en geloofsafval: leer en praktijk. Recht van de Islam, 13 (1996) pp. 89–110. 307. BLANC, F.P. L’apostasie dans les droits d’Afrique du Nord. Revue d’Histoire des Institutions Méditerranées, 1 (1997) pp. 33–38. 308. BORRMANS, M. La liberté religieuse dans les pays d’islam. La liberté religieuse dans le monde, analyse doctrinale et politique. Ed. J.-B. D’Onorio. Paris: Editions universitaires, 1991, pp. 255–288. 309. BROWN, Jonathan. The issue of apostasy in Islam. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research, 2017. 27 pp.

32

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

310. CANER, Emir Fethi & PRUITT, H. Edward. The costly call: modern-day stories of Muslims who found Jesus. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2004. 158 pp. 311. CAPEZZONE, Leonardo. L’impostore e gli eresiografi: l’eresia di Abdallāh Ibn Ḥarb nei trattati di Al-Nawbakhtī e Al-Qummī. Annali della Ca’ Foscari, 45 iii (2006) pp. 141–161. 312. CAPEZZONE, Leonardo. La funzione iconica della malattia nella rappresentazione islamica dell’eretico (nota). Annali della Ca’ Foscari, 36 (1996) pp. 425–431. 313. CHASE, Anthony. Legal guardians: Islamic law, international law, human rights law, and the Salman Rushdie Affair. American University International Law Review, 11 (1996) pp. 375–435. 314. CHOKR, Melhem. Zandaqa et zindîqs en islam au second siècle de l’hégire. Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, 1993. 350 pp. 315. CLARKE, Ben. Law, religion and violence: a human rights-based response to punishment (by state and non-state actors) of apostasy. Adelaide Law Review, 30 i (2009) pp. 111–147. 316. CLARKE, Ben. Law, religious crime and extremism: a human rights based approach to curbing religious violence in Islamic states and societies. Adelaide Law Review, 30 i (2009) pp. 111–147. 317. CLARKE, Ben. Law, religion and violence: the importance of Islamic law as a tool for refuting the idelogy of violent extremists. University of Notre Dame Australia, School of Law, Law Conference Papers, 2009. [online]. 318. CLARKE, Ben. Ideological extremism and the abuse of religion: punishment of apostasy as a rationale for violence by state and non-state actors. The University of Notre Dame Australia, School of Law, Law Conference Papers, 2008, pp. 1–20. [online]. 319. COMBALÍA, Zoila. El derecho de libertad religiosa en el mundo islámico. Pamplona: Navarra Gráfica Ediciones, 2001. 279 pp. 320. COOK, David. Apostasy from Islam: a historical perspective. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 31 (2006) pp. 248–288.

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

33

321. COOK, Paul. Apostasy, human rights, religion and belief—new threats to the freedom of opinion and expression: the problem of apostasy in an Islamic-Christian context. The myth of Islamic tolerance. How Islamic law treats non-Muslims. Ed. Robert Spencer. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2005, pp. 448–452. 322. COTTEE, Simon. The apostates: when Muslims leave Islam. London: Hurst & Co., 2015. 243 pp. 323. DAGA PORTILLO, Rocío. Fiqh in its historical context: a question of blasphemy law? Contacts and interaction: proceedings of the 27th Congress of the Union Europeenne des Arabisants et Islamisants Helsinki 2014. Ed. Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, Petteri Koskikallio, Ilkka Lindstedt. Leuven etc.: Peeters, 2017, pp. 119–132. 324. DJAZIRI, Abd al-Rahman Al-. Die Strafen für den Abfall vom Islam—Nach den vier Schulen des islamischen Rechtes. Aus dem Arabischen übersetzt von Ishak Ersen. Villach, Österreich: Licht des Lebens, 1991, 64 pp. 325. DURÁN VELASCO, J.F. Incrédulos y apóstates en la Dār al-Islām (y el problema del confesionalismo en el Mundo árabe de hoy). El saber en al-Andalus: textos y estudios. Ed. Julia Maria Carabaza Bravo, Aly Tawfik Mohamed- Essawy. Seville: Universidad de Sevilla & Fundación El Monte, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 179–226. 326. ʿEEAD, Nawal Abdulaziz al-. Suspicion about apostasy in the Sunnah pre­ sentation and discussion. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/ Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 102 (2014) pp. 9–11. 327. ENNAYFAR, Hmida. De la foi à la conscience d’un paradoxe: un cas de conflit entre le droit d’origine révélée et les droits de l’homme: le chȃtiment en cas d’apostasie de l’Islam (le ridda). Foi et Justice. Un défi pour le Christianisme et pour l’Islam. Groupe de Recherches Islamo-Chrétien, Muslim-Christian Research Group. Paris: Centurion, 1993, pp. 104–113. 328. ENNAYFAR, Hmîda. De la ridda (apostasie) à la foi, ou de la conscience du paradoxe. Conscience et Liberté, 35 i (1988) pp. 27–37. [Also published as: ENNAYFAR, Hmîda. De la ridda (apostasie) à la foi, ou de la conscience du paradoxe. Se Comprendre, 88/05 (1988) pp. 1–9.]

34

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

329. ERNST, Carl W. Blasphemy: Islamic concept. Orthodoxy and heresy in Islam. Ed. Maribel Fierro. London & New York: Routledge, 2014, vol. 4, pp. 3–7. 330. FEGIERY, Moataz El. Taking beliefs to court. Blasphemy, heresy, and freedom of expression under Islamic law. Islam and human rights. Key issues for our times. Ed. Geneive Abdo. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council. Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East, 2017, pp. 8–12. 331. FORSTNER, Martin. Das Menschenrecht der Religionsfreiheit und des Religionswechsels als Problem der islamischen Staaten. Kanon. Kirche und Staat im Christlichen Osten. Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für das Recht der Ostkirchen. Wien: Verlag des Verbandes der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften Ö sterreichs, 1991, pp. 105–186. 332. FRIEDMANN, Yohanan. Conversion, apostasy and excommunication in the Islamic tradition. Religious movements and transformations in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Ed. Yohanan Friedmann. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 2016, pp. 109–177. 333. FRIEDMANN, Yohanan. Tolerance and coercion in Islam: interfaith relations in the Muslim tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 233 pp. 334. GARCES, Nicholas. Islam, till death do you part? Rethinking apostasy laws under Islamic law and international legal obligations. Southwestern Journal of International Law, 16 (2010) pp. 229–264. 335. GEORGES, Nael. Les chrétiens dans le monde arabe et la question de l’apostasie en Islam. Maghreb-Machrek, 209 (2011) pp. 109–119. 336. GHALY, Mohammed. Apostasy in Islam: public or private? Classical and contemporary discussions of Muslim scholars and their relevance for Muslims in the West. Religion beyond its private role in modern society. Ed. Wim Hofstee, A. van der Kooij. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 83–114. 337. GOITOM, Hanibal. Laws criminalizing apostasy in selected jurisdictions. Washington, DC: The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center, 2014. 15 pp.

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

35

338. GRAMI, Amel. L’apostasie dans la pensée islamique moderne. Tunis: Nirvana, 2018. 214 pp. 339. GRAMI, Emel. Razones por las que algunos intelectuales contemporáneos renuncian al Islam. Encuentro Islamo-Cristiano, 344 (2000) pp. 1–7. 340. GUBO, Darara Timotewos. Blasphemy and defamation of religions in a polarized world. How religious fundamentalism is challenging fundamental human rights. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015. 181 pp. 341. HAFEZ, Mohammed M. Takfir and violence against Muslims. Fault lines in global Jihad: organizational, strategic and ideological fissures. Ed. Assaf Moghadam, Brian Fishman. Abingdon etc.: Routledge, 2011, pp. 25–46. 342. HALEBER, R. De doodstraf op geloofsafvfal? Al Mizan, 5 (1989), p. 7. 343. HAQQ, Akbar. Conversion. Bulletin of Christian Institutes of Islamic Studies, 6 iii iv (1983) pp. 75–93. 344. HASAN, Usama. No compulsion in religion: Islam & the freedom of belief. London: Quilliam, 2013. 26 pp. 345. HASHEMI, Kamran. Religious legal traditions, international human rights law and Muslim states. Leiden & Boston: Nijhoff, 2008. 286 pp. 346. HUART, C. Les zindîqs en droit musulman. Actes du Onzième Congrès International des Orientalistes (Paris, 1897). Paris, 1899, vol. 3, pp. 69–80. 347. IBN WARRAQ. Leaving Islam. Apostates speak out. New York: Prometheus, 2003. 472 pp. 348. IBN WARRAQ. Pourquoi je ne suis pas musulman: essai. Lausanne: Age d’Homme, 1999. 444 pp. 349. IBN WARRAQ. Why I am not a Muslim. Amherst: Prometheus Books, 1995. 402 pp. 350. IFFATKHALID & MUNAWAR, Shamana. Blasphemy law of Islam— misconceptions and fallacy. Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture, 3 i (2015) pp. 48–57.

36

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

351. IHARCHANE, Omar & MAGHRAOUI, Driss. The multiple layers of freedom of belief and apostasy. Islam, history, and politics. Islam and human rights. Key issues for our times. Ed. Geneive Abdo. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council. Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East, 2017, pp. 33–38. 352. JOHANSEN, Baber. Zwischen Verfassung, kodifiziertem Recht und Šarīʿa: Die Apostasiegesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung einiger arabischer Staaten. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht IV. Ed. Silvia Tellenbach, Thoralf Hanstein. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2004, pp. 23–43. 353. JORDAN, David A. The dark ages of Islam: ijtihad, apostasy, and human rights in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence. Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice, 9 i (2003) pp. 55–71. 354. KADIVAR, Mohsen. Toward removing the punishment of apostasy in Islam. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 207–236. 355. KALANGES, K. Religious liberty in Western and Islamic law: towards a world legal tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 208 pp. 356. KHALIL, Mohammad Hassan & BILICI, Mucahit. Conversion out of Islam: a study of conversion narratives of former Muslims. Muslim World, 97 i (2007), pp. 111–124. 357. KHAN, Adnan. Blasphemy laws and freedom of speech: a comparative study of Islamic law and modern law. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Lincoln, 2012. 358. KHAN, Amjad Mahmood. How anti-blasphemy laws engender terrorism. Harvard International Law Journal Online, 56 (2015) pp. 1–13. 359. KHOURY, Adel Theodor. Abfall vom Glauben im Koran und im Rechts­ system. Handbuch Recht und Kultur des Islams in der deutschen Gesell­ schaft. Ed. Adel Theodor Khoury, Peter Heine, Janbernd Oebbecke. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2000, pp. 238–241. 360. KICK, Alan Mckenzie. The right to freedom of thought, conscience, and belief under Islamic law. A comparison of traditional Sharīʾah law and

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

37

modern human rights norms. M.A. thesis, Simon Greenleaf University, 2001. 228 pp. 361. KIZILKAYA, Necmettin. Apostasy as a matter of Islamic international law. Islam and international law. Engaging self-centrism from a plurality of perspectives. Ed. Marie-Louisa Frick, Andreas Th. Müller. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 81–98. 362. KNÜPPEL, Katharina. Religionsfreiheit und Apostasie in islamisch geprägten Staaten. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2010. 376 pp. 363. KRÄMER, Gudrun. Drawing boundaries: Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī on apostasy. Speaking for Islam. Religious authorities in Muslim societies. Ed. Gudrun Krämer, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden: Brill, 2006, pp. 181–217. 364. KUTTY, Faisal. Blasphemy and apostasy laws in the Muslim world: a critical approach. Research handbook on Islamic law and society. Ed. Nadirsyah Hosen. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, pp. 217–249. 365. LABUSCHAGNE, B.C. Godsdienstvrijheid en Islam. Recht van de Islam, 14 (1997) pp. 27–38. 366. LAMARTI, Samuel Hosain. The development of apostasy and punishment law in Islam 11 AH/632 AD–157 AH/774 AD. Ph.D. dissertation, Glasgow University, 2002. 212 pp. 367. LARSSON, Göran. Disputed, sensitive and indispensable topics: the study of Islam and apostasy. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, 3 (2018) pp. 201–226. 368. LARSSON, Göran. Muslims accused of apostasy: an Ahmadi refutation. Exploring the multitude of Muslims in Europe: essays in honour of Jørgen S. Nielsen. Ed. Niels Valdemar Vinding, Egdunas Racius, Jörn Thielmann. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2018, pp. 172–182. 369. LARSSON, Göran. Apostasy in the West: a Swedish case study. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016, pp. 381–392.

38

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

370. LARSSON, Göran. “One cannot doubt the potential effect of these fatwas on modern Muslim society.” Online accusations of disbelief and apostasy: the Internet as an arena for Sunni and Shia Muslim conflicts. Studies in Religion. Sciences Religieuses, 45 ii (2016) pp. 201–221. 371. LARSSON, Göran. Telling the truth about Islam? Apostasy narratives and representations of Islam on WikiIslam.net. CyberOrient: Online Journal for the Virtual Middle East, 7 i (2013). 372. LEWIS, Bernard. Some observations on the significance of heresy in the history of Islam. Studia Islamica, 1 (1953) pp. 43–63. 373. LONGVA, Anh Nga. The apostasy law in the age of universal human rights and citizenship. Some legal and political implications. The Fourth Nordic Conference on Middle Eastern Studies: The Middle East in a globalizing world. Oslo, 13.–16. August 1998. [online]. 374. LUNDQVIST, Erica Li. Leaving Islam from a queer perspective. Hand­ book of leaving religion. Ed. Daniel Enstedt, Göran Larsson, Teemu T. Mantsinen. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2019, pp. 220–230. 375. MALIK, Saira. An analysis of apostasy/irtidād: considerations for Muslims in contemporary Western societies. Journal of Islamic Law and Culture, 11 iii (2009) pp. 211–223. 376. MANEA, Elham. In the name of culture and religion: the political function of blasphemy in Islamic states. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 27 i (2016) pp. 117–127. 377. MANNA, Haytham. Islam et hérésies: l’obsession blasphématoire. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1997. 137 pp. 378. MARSHALL, Paul & SHEA, Nina. Silenced. How apostasy and blasphemy codes are choking freedom worldwide. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. 448 pp. 379. MARSHALL, Paul. Exporting blasphemy restrictions: the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the United Nations. The Review of Faith and International Affairs, 9 ii (2011) pp. 57–63.

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

39

380. MASUD, Muhammad Khalid & VOGT, Kari & LARSEN, Lena & MOE, Christian (eds.). Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021. 253 pp. 381. MAUDUDI, Abul Ala. The punishment of the apostate according to Islamic law. Translated and annotated by Syed Silas Husain and Ernest Hahn. Toronto, Canada: Fellowship of Faith for the Muslims, 1994. 382. MERAL, Ziya. No place to call home. Experiences of apostates from Islam. Failures of the international community. New Malden, Surrey, United Kingdom: Christian Solidarity Worldwide, 2008. 116 pp. 383. MERAL, Ziya. Conversion and apostasy: a sociological perspective. Evan­ gelical Missions Quarterly, 42 iv (2006) pp. 508–513. 384. MINTO, Christiano. L’apostasia islamica nel diritto classico e moderno. Tesi di Laurea, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 2005. 84 pp. 385. MODARRESSI, Hossein. Essential Islam: the minimum that a Muslim is required to acknowledge. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro and Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016, pp. 395–412. 386. MOOSA, Ebrahim. Muslim political theology: defamation, apostasy, and anathema. Profane: sacrilegious expression in a multicultural age. Ed. Christopher S. Grenda, Chris Beneke, David Nash. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2014, pp. 169–188. 387. MURSHED, Iftikhar. Islam and apostasy. Criterion, 4 iii (2009) pp. 56–82. 388. NADAFI, Hamdam. La liberté de religion dans les états de droit musulman. Thèse de doctorat en Droit public, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, 2013. 324 pp. 389. NAGATA, Masaki. Assessing apostasy, blasphemy and excommunication (takfir) in Islam and their modern application by states and non-state actors. Ph.D. dissertation, Brunel University, 2016. 437 pp. 390. NAMAZIE, Maryam. Religion is a private affair. One law for all. Women Living Under Muslim Laws, Dossier 30–31 (2011) pp. 149–151.

40

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

391. NICKEL, Gordon D. The Islamic punishment for blasphemy. Dynamics of Muslim worlds: regional, theological, and missiological perspectives. Ed. Evelyne A. Reisacher. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2017, pp. 135–155. 392. NIEUWKERK, Karin van (ed.). Moving in and out of Islam. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2018. 421 pp. 393. O’CONNELL, Brian. Constitutional apostasy: the ambiguities in Islamic law after the Arab Spring. Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights, 11 i (2012) pp. 83–104. 394. OMAR, Abdul Rashied & HARRIS, Rabia Terri. Islamic perspectives on conversion: aid evangelism and apostasy law. Religious conversion: religion scholars thinking together. Ed. Shanta Premawardhana. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2015, pp. 119–141. 395. O’SULLIVAN, Declan Patrick. Punishing apostasy: the case of Islam and Shariʿa law re-considered. Ph.D. dissertation, Durham University, 2003. 374 pp. 396. O’SULLIVAN, Declan. The interpretation of Qur’anic texts to promote or negate the death penalty for apostates and blasphemers. Journal of Quranic Studies, 3 ii (2001) pp. 63–93. 397. PETERS, Rudolph. Islam en geloofsavfal in de diaspora. Recht van de Islam, 23 (2009) pp. 141–146. 398. PETERS, R. & VRIES, G.J.J. de. Apostasy in Islam. Die Welt des Islams, 17 (1976) pp. 1–25. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 395–417.] 399. PHILPOTT, Daniel. Religious freedom in Islam: the fate of a universal human right in the Muslim world today. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. 328 pp. 400. Political and legal status of apostates in Islam. Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain. London 2013. 106 pp. [online]. 401. POULAIN, Martine. Sauver Salman Rushdie. Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, iii (1992) pp. 74–75.

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

41

402. POWERS, David S. Preserving the prophet’s honor: Sharīfism, Sufism, and Mālikism in Tlemcen, 843/1439. Law, society and culture in the Maghrib, 1300–1500. Ed. David S. Powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. 167–205. 403. PULCINI, Theodore. Cyber-apostasy: its repercussions on Islam and interfaith relations. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 32 ii (2017) pp. 189–203. 404. RABB, Intisar A. Society and propriety: the cultural construction of defamation and blasphemy as crimes in Islamic law. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 434–464. 405. RAHMAN, Shaikh Abdur. Punishment of apostasy in Islam. Lahore: Insti­ tute of Islamic Culture, 1978. 406. REHMAN, Javaid. Freedom of expression, apostasy, and blasphemy within Islam: Sharia, criminal justice systems, and modern Islamic state practices. Criminal Justice Matters, 79 i (2010) pp. 4–5. 407. Religionsfreiheit und Apostasie im Islam. Deutscher Bundestag, Wissen­ schaftliche Dienste, 2006. 24 pp. [online]. 408. SAAÏDIA, Oissila. D’une croyance à l’autre, le cas de l’islam. Histoire, Monde et Cultures Religieuses, 28 (2013) pp. 9–14. 409. SACHEDINA, Abdulaziz A. Al-Bukhari’s hadith on ‟killing those who refuse to fulfill the duties enjoined by God and considering them apostates. Human rights and the conflict of cultures: Western and Islamic perspectives on religious liberty. Ed. David P. Little, John Kelsay, Abdulaziz A. Sachedina. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1988, pp. 97–100. 410. SACHEDINA, Abdulaziz A. Freedom of conscience and religion in the Qur’an. Human rights and the conflict of cultures: Western and Islamic perspectives on religious liberty. Ed. David P. Little, John Kelsay, Abdulaziz A. Sachedina. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1988, pp. 53–90.

42

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

411. SAEED, Abdullah. Blasphemy laws in Islam: towards a rethinking? Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 17–31. 412. SAEED, Abdullah. Textual challenges to the death penalty for apostasy in Islam and the question of freedom of religion. Ifta‌ʾ and fatwa in the Muslim world and the West. Ed. Zulfiqar Ali Shah. London & Washington, DC. The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2014, pp. 11–32. 413. SAEED, Abdullah. Pre-modern Islamic legal restrictions on freedom of religion, with particular reference to apostasy and its punishment. Islamic law and international human rights law. Ed. Anver M. Emon, Mark Ellis, Benjamin Glahn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 226–246. 414. SAEED, Abdullah. Ambiguities of apostasy and the repression of Muslim dissent. Review of Faith and International Affairs, 9 ii (2011) pp. 31–38. 415. SAEED, Abdullah & SAEED, Hassan. Freedom of religion, apostasy and Islam. Aldershot etc.: Ashgate, 2004. 240 pp. 416. SAEED, Riaz Ahmad. Exploration of freedom of expression in Islam and West: its relation with blasphemy and religious defamation. Journal of Islamic Thought & Civilization, 6 i (2016) pp. 17–36. 417. SAHNER, Christian C. Christian martyrs under Islam: religious violence and the making of the Muslim world. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018. 360 pp. 418. SAMIR, Samir Khalil. Le débat autour du délit d’apostasie dans l’Islam contemporain. Faith, power, and violence. Muslims and Christians in a plural society, past and present. Ed. John Donohue, Christian W. Troll. Rome: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1998, pp. 115–140. 419. SARWAR, Malik Imtiaz. Freedom of religion and expression: a ‘rule of law’ perspective. Islamic law and international human rights law. Anver M. Emon, Mark Ellis, Benjamin Glahn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 247–254. 420. SBAI, Souad. Rachida: un’apostata in Italia. Viterbo: Alter Ego, 2017. 100 pp.

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

43

421. SCHEEL, Holger. Die Religionsfreiheit im Blickwinkel des Völkerrechts, des islamischen und ägyptischen Rechts. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2007. 220 pp. 422. SCHIRRMACHER, Christine. Leaving Islam. Handbook of leaving religion. Ed. Daniel Enstedt, Göran Larsson, Teemu T. Mantsinen. Leiden: Brill, 2019, pp. 81–95. 423. SCHIRRMACHER, Christine. “Let there be no compulsion in religion” (Sura 2:56): apostasy from Islam as judged by contemporary Islamic theologians. Discourses on apostasy, religious freedom, and human rights. Bonn: Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft, 2016. 620 pp. 424. SCHIRRMACHER, Christine. „Es ist kein Zwang in der Religion“ (Sure 2, 256): Der Abfall vom Islam im Urteil zeitgenössischer islamischer Theologen. Diskurse zu Apostasie, Religionsfreiheit und Menschenrechten. Würzburg: Ergon-Verlag, 2015. 550 pp. 425. SHAH, Niaz. Freedom of religion: koranic and human rights perspectives. Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, 1 ii (2005) pp. 69–88. 426. SHAHIDIAN, Hammed. Islam’s ‘others’: living (out)side Islam. ISIM News­ letter, 3 (1999) pp. 5. 427. SHOUFANI, Elias. Al-ridda and the Muslim conquest of Arabia. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1972. 188 pp. 428. SLAUGHTER, M.M. The Salman Rushdie affair: apostasy, honor, and freedom of speech. Virginia Law Review, 79 i (1993) pp. 153–204. 429. SOOKHDEO, Patrick. Libertatea de a crede: provocarea legii islamice a apostaziei. Oradea: Făclia, 2012. 229 pp. 430. SOOKHDEO, Patrick. Freedom to believe. McLean, VA: Isaac Publishing, 2009. 176 pp. 431. STENHOUSE, Paul. Blasphemy/freedom of speech in Islamic law. Austra­ lian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 22 (1989) pp. 4–11. 432. SZOMBATHY, Zoltán. Literary works as evidence of unbelief. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang,

44

Apostasy, Ridda, Irtidād, Blasphemy, Heresy, Freedom of Religion

Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden: Brill, 2016, pp. 465–487. 433. TAFNER, Georg. Konversion und Apostasie in den abrahamitischen Religionen. München: Grin Verlag, 2008. 42 pp. 434. TELLENBACH, S. Blasphemie und verwandte Delikte in der Strafge­ setzgebung muslimischer Länder—Ein Überblick. GAIR-Mitteilungen, 5 (2013) pp. 195–205. 435. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Die Apostasie im islamischen Recht. Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht (GAIR) e.V., 2006. 16 pp. [online]. 436. TELLENBACH, S. L’apostasia nel diritto islamico. Daimon—Annuario di diritto comparato delle religioni, 1 (2001) pp. 53–70. 437. TIMANI, Hussam S. Takfir in Islamic thought. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2018. 111 pp. 438. TURKI, Abdelmagid. Situation du tributaire qui insulte l’Islam au regard de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence musulmane. Studia Islamica, 30 (1969) pp. 39–72. 439. TÜRKMENOGLU, Ali. Die Apostasie (al-irtidād). GAIR-Mitteilungen, 4 (2012) pp. 118–123. 440. UCAR, Bülent. Die Todesstrafe für Apostaten in der Scharia. Traditionelle Standpunkte und neuere Interpretationen zur Ü berwindung eines Paradigmas der Abgrenzung. Identität durch Differenz? Wechselseitige Abgrenzungen in Christentum und Islam. Ed. Hansjörg Schmid et al. Regensburg: Friedrich Pustet, 2007, pp. 227–244. 441. UDDIN, Asma T. Blasphemy laws in Muslim-majority countries. The Review of Faith and International Affairs, 9 ii (2011) pp. 47–55. 442. VLIEK, Maria. ‘It’s not just about faith’: narratives of transformation when moving out of Islam in the Netherlands and Britain. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 30 iii (2019) pp. 323–344.

Banditry, Ḥirāba

45

443. WALDMAN, Marilyn Robinson. The development of the concept of kufr in the Qur’an. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 88 iii (1968) pp. 442–455. 444. WOOD, Asmi. Apostasy in Islam and the freedom of religion in international law. Freedom of religion under bills of rights. Ed. Paul Babie, Neville Rochow. Adelaide: University of Adelaide Press, 2012, pp. 152–171. 445. ZAHIM, Abdullah az-. Reply to those who believe that the one who abandoned Salat is among believers. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 47 (2000) pp. 28–45. 446. ZWEMER, Samuel. Das Gesetz wider den Abfall vom Islam. Gütersloh: C. Bertelsmann, 1926. 144 pp. 447. ZWEMER, Samuel Marinus. The law of apostasy. The Moslem World, 14 (1924) pp. 373–391. 448. ZWEMER, Samuel Marinus. The law of apostasy in Islam, answering the question why there are so few Moslem converts, and giving examples of their moral courage and martyrdom. London & New York: Marshall Brothers, 1924. 164 pp.

Banditry, Ḥirāba 449. KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Terrorism, banditry and hirabah: advancing new shariah perspectives. Islam & Civilisational Renewal, 8 (2017) pp. 11–34. 450. NIK WAJIS, N.R. The crime of ḥirāba in Islamic law. Ph.D. dissertation, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. 252 pp. 451. WEIMANN, Gunnar. States, terrorists and bandits: ḥirāba in jihadist ideology. Arabische Sprache im Kontext. Festschrift zu Ehren von Eckehard Schulz. Ed. Beate Backe, Thoralf Hanstein, Kristina Stock. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2018, pp. 187–212.

46

Bioethics, Euthanasia

Bioethics, Euthanasia 452. ABBASI, Mahmoud. L’euthanasie en droit musulman. Journal Interna­ tional de Bioéthique, 18 iii (2007) pp. 103–110. 453. ADENIYI, Omipidan Bashiru. Euthanasia as a contemporary issue in the jurisprudence of rights: the position of Islamic law. Yonsei Law Journal, 4 i (2013) pp. 85–112. 454. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Islam e bioetica. Rome: Armando, 2009. 320 pp. 455. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Islamismo y eutanasia. Medicina y Ètica: Revista Internacional de Bioética, Deontologia y Ética Médica, 19 ii (2008) pp. 121–151. 456. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Islamic bioethics: problems and perspectives. Springer, 2007. 378 pp. 457. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Islam ed eutanasia. Medicina e Morale, 1 (2007) pp. 61–90. 458. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Problemi bioetici nel diritto islamico. Kos, 97 (1993) pp. 30–33. 459. AYUBA, Mahmud Adesina. Euthanasia: a Muslim’s perspective. Scriptura, 115 i (2016) pp. 1–13. 460. BASHIR, Omipidan. The Harvard’s brain death criteria as a basis for the withdrawal of life support machines: a response from Islamic law. IIUM Law Journal, 24 i (2016) pp. 57–82. 461. BRANDEN, Stef van den. Living in the hands of God. English Sunni e-fatwas on (non-)voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide. Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy, 14 i (2011) pp. 29–41. 462. BROCKOPP, Jonathan E. & EICH, Thomas (eds.). Muslim medical ethics: from theory to practice. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2o08. 312 pp. 463. BROCKOPP, Jonathan E. Islam and bioethics: beyond abortion and euthanasia. Journal of Religious Ethics, 36 i (2008) pp. 3–12.

Bioethics, Euthanasia

47

464. BROCKOPP, Jonathan E. (ed.). Islamic ethics of life: abortion, war, and euthanasia. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2003. 264 pp. 465. BROCKOPP, Jonathan E. Taking life and saving life: the Islamic context. Islamic ethics of life: abortion, war, and euthanasia. Ed. Jonathan E. Brockopp. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2003, pp. 1–19. 466. BROCKOPP, Jonathan E. The “good death” in Islamic theology and law. Islamic ethics of life: abortion, war, and euthanasia. Ed. Jonathan E. Brockopp. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2003, pp. 177–193. 467. BROCKOPP, Jonathan E. (ed.). Islamic ethics of killing and saving life. The Muslim World, 89 ii (1999) 92 pp. 468. DADA, Mahomed A. Islam and the autopsy. Journal of the Islamic Medi­ cal Association of South Africa. Majallat al-Jamʿiya al-Tibbiya al-Islamiya bi-Janub Ifriqiya, 4 iii (1998) pp. 62–65. 469. EBRAHIM, Abul Fadl Mohsin. Euthanasia (qatl al-raḥma). Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 39 iv (2007) pp. 173–178. 470. EBRAHIM, Abul Faḍl Mohsin. Islamic teachings and euthanasia. Al-ʿIlm (Durban), 12 (1992) pp. 89–96. 471. EICH, Thomas. Moderne Medizin und Islamische Ethik. Biowissenschaften in der muslimischen Rechtstradition. Ausgewählt, übersetzt und kommen­ tiert von Thomas Eich. Freiburg i.Br.: Herder Verlag, 2008. 216 pp. 472. EICH, Thomas. Decision making processes among contemporary ‘ulamâ’: ‘Islamic embryology’ and the discussion about ‘frozen embryos’. Muslim medical ethics: from theory to practice. Ed. Jon E. Brockopp, Thomas Eich. Columbus, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2008, pp. 61–77. 473. EICH, Thomas. Modern medical technologies and Islamic law: an overview. Art & Thought. Fikrun wa Fann, 85 (2007) pp. 15–19. 474. EICH, Thomas. Der Status des Embryos im Islam?—Die Diskussion um gefrorene Embryonen unter islamischen Rechsgelehrten. Der Status des

48

Bioethics, Euthanasia

extrakorporalen Embryos. Ed. A. Eser, H.-G. Koch, C. Seith. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2007, pp. 481–500. 475. EICH, Thomas. Islam und Bioethik. Eine kritische Analyse der modernen Diskussion im islamischen Recht. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2005. 128 pp. 476. EICH, Thomas & GRUNDMANN, Johannes. Muslimische Rechtsmei­ nungen zu Hirntod, Organtransplantation und Leben. Zeitschrift für Medizinische Ethik, 49 (2003) pp. 302–309. 477. FREELAND, Richard. Euthanasia and Islamic law. Medico-Legal Journal, 65 iv (1997) pp. 196–198. 478. GHANEM, Isam. The response of Islamic jurisprudence to ectopic pregnancies, frozen embryo implantation and euthanasia. Arab Law Quarterly, 4 (1989) pp. 347–349. 479. KHADIMI, Nour Addeen Mukhtar al-. Genetic engineering in the light of Shariʿah. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 52 (2001–2002) pp. 34–42. 480. KRAWIETZ, Birgit. Brain death and Islamic traditions: shifting borders of life? Islamic ethics of life: abortion, war, and euthanasia. Ed. Jonathan E. Brockopp. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2003, pp. 194–213. 481. KRAWIETZ, Birgit. Grundlagen und Grenzen einer Hirntodkonzeption im Islam. Hirntod: Zur Kulturgeschichte der Todesfeststellung. Ed. Th. Schlich, C. Wiesemann. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 2001, pp. 239–256. 482. KRAWIETZ, Birgit. Der Muslim und sein Leichnam. Zum Umgang mit der Leiche in der Medizin. Ed. Hans-Konrat Wellmer, Gisela BockenheimerLucius. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild, 2000, pp. 117–124. 483. KRAWIETZ, Birgit. Darura in modern Islamic law: the case of organ transplantation. Islamic law: theory and practice. Ed. Robert Gleave, Eugenia Kermeli. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 1997, pp. 185–193. 484. KRAWIETZ, Birgit. Die Hurma. Schariatrechtlicher Schutz vor Eingriffen in die körperliche Unversehrtheit nach arabischen Fatwas des 20. Jahr­ hunderts. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1991. 373 pp.

Bioethics, Euthanasia

49

485. KRUINIGER, Pauline. Euthanasie, ook voor moslims? Recht van de Islam, 26 (2012) pp. 53–68. 486. KYRIAKIDES-YELDHAM, Anthony. Islamic medical ethics and the straight path of God. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 16 iii (2005) pp. 213–225. 487. LADEVECE, Louis Fernando. Bioética e Islam: el problema de la eutanasia. Enfermedad, dolor y muerte desde las tradiciones judeocristiana y musulmana. Ed. Javier de la Torre Diaz. Madrid: Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 2011, pp. 467–478. 488. MADADIN, Mohammed et al. The Islamic perspective on physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Medicine, Science and the Law, 60 iv (2020) pp. 278–286. 489. MALEK, Mohammad Mustaqim. Islamic considerations on the application of patient’s autonomy in end-of-life decision. Journal of Religion and Health, 57 iv (2018) pp. 1524–1537. 490. MASOODI, G. Saqlain & DHAR, Lalita. Euthanasia at Western and Islamic legal systems: trends and developments. Islamic and Comparative Law Review, 15–16 i (1995–1996) pp. 1–36. 491. MOTLANI, Rishad Raffi. Islam, euthanasia and Western Christianity: drawing on Western Christian thinking to develop an expanded Western Sunni Muslim perspective on euthanasia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Exeter, 2011. 237 pp. 492. NAFISAH, Abdurrahman al-. The legitimacy of stopping resuscitation machine in case of incurable disease. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 63 (2004) pp. 32–35. 493. SACHEDINA, Abdulaziz. Islamic biomedical ethics. Principles and application. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 280 pp. 494. SAFAR, Safar Haji. Le Droit musulman et la spécificité de la responsabilité médicale. Thèse de doctorat en Droit médical, Université de Lyon 3 Jean Moulin, 2015.

50

Blood Money, Diya

495. SALEM, Mostafa. The Islamic legal system vis-à-vis euthanasia and organ transplantation. Looking beneath the surface: medical ethics from Islamic and Western perspectives. Ed. Hendrik M. Vroom et al. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2013, pp. 265–282. 496. SHABANA, Ayman. Islamic law and bioethics. Routledge handbook of Islamic law. Ed. Khaled Abou El Fadl, Ahmad Atif Ahmad, Said Fares Hassan. London & New York: Routledge, 2019, pp. 112–124. 497. SHAH, Sayed Sikander. Mercy killing in Islam: moral and legal issues. Arab Law Quarterly, 11 (1996) pp. 105–115. 498. UMRI, Jalaluddin & AHMED, Badar D. Suicide and euthanasia: Islamic viewpoint. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 1996, pp. 164–177.

Blood Money, Diya 499. ABD. RAHMAN, Zainal Azam Bin. The concept of ḍamān and compensation in the Islamic law of jināyah. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Birmingham, 1997. 386 pp. 500. ABSAR, Absar Aftab. Restorative justice in Islam with special reference to the concept of diyya. Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice, 3 i (2020) pp. 38–56. 501. ALI, Ahmed I. Compensation in intentional homicide in Islamic law. Journal of Islamic and Comparative Law, 9 (1980) pp. 39–54. 502. BENMELHA, Ghaouti. La diya, peine pénale ou reparation due à la victime. Revue Algerienne des Sciences Juridiques Economiques et Politiques/ Al-Majalla al-Jazāʾirīya li-l-ʿUlūm al-Qānūnīya al-Iqtiṣādīya wa-’l-Siyāsīya, 34 iv (1996) pp. 551–559. 503. BILLAH, Mohd Maʿsum. Qantum of damages in takaful (Islamic insurance): a reappraisal of the possibility of adopting the doctrines of al-diyah and al-daman. Arab Law Quarterly, 14 iv (1999) pp. 339–360.

Blood Money, Diya

51

504. DAAÏF, L. Le prix du sang (diya) au premier siècle de l’Islam. Hypothèses, 1 (2006) pp. 329–342. 505. ESTAKHRSARI, Rahmatollah Babaei. An investigation of the concept of blood money from the Islamic jurists and lawyers’ perspective. Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 3 iii (2015). 506. HAKIM, Jacques El-. Le dommage de source délictuelle en droit musulman. Beyrouth, 1963. 208 pp. 507. HALEEM, Mohammed Abdel. Compensation for homicide in Islamic sharīʿa. Criminal justice in Islam. Ed. Mohammed Abdel Haleem et al. London: I.B. Tauris, 2003, pp. 97–108. 508. HAMDANI, Nizar ibn Abdul-Karim al-. Diyah (blood money) paid for homicide between the murdered person and his inheritors, in Islamic fiqh. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 34 (1997) pp. 34–46. 509. HARDY, M.J.L. Blood feuds and the payment of blood money in the Middle East. Beirut: Catholic Press, 1963. 106 pp. 510. ISMAIL, Siti Zubaidah. The modern interpretation of the diyat formula for the quantum of damages: the case of homicide and person injuries. Arab Law Quarterly, 26 (2012) pp. 361–379. 511. KAZEMI, Nahid & FATAHIAN, Somaye. An investigation of gender factor in issuing dictums and penal sentences in the context of retribution and blood money from the perspective of Islamic law and jurisprudence. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 4 viii (2014), pp. 400–407. 512. NAJI, Alaa A. Diyah as a third dimension to air carrier liability conventions. Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 2006. 329 pp. 513. PASCOE, Daniel. Is diya a form of clemency? Boston University Inter­ national Law Journal, 34 i (2016) pp. 149–179.

52

Blood Vengeance

514. SCHWARTZ, Maurice-Lucien. La “dia” ou prix du sang chez les indigènes musulmans de l’Afrique du Nord. Thèse pour le doctorat en droit. Alger: J. Bringau. Imprimeur-Editeur, 1924. 515. SUDAIS, Muhammad A. al-. How does aaqilah bear the responsibility of paying blood-money? Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/ Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 60 (2003) pp. 30–31. 516. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Zur Wiedergutmachung im islamischen Recht. Neue Wege der Wiedergutmachung im Strafrecht. Ed. A. Eser, G. Kaiser, K. Madlener. Freiburg im Breisgau: Max-Planck-Institut, 1989, pp. 439–449. 517. TSAFRIR, Nurit. Collective liability in Islam: the ʿāqila and blood money payments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 188 pp. 518. TSAFRIR, Nurit. The ʿâqila in Hanafi law: preliminary notes. The Islamic scholarly tradition, studies in honor of Professor Michael Cook. Ed. A.Q. Ahmed, B. Sadeghi, M. Bonner. Leiden: Brill, 2011, pp. 221–238.

Blood Vengeance 519. BOURHAM, Abdul Aziz. La vengeance du sang chez les Arabes d’avant l’Islam. Thèse, Paris, 1943–1944. 520. HARDY, Michael James Langley. Blood feuds and the payment of blood money in the Middle East. Beirut: Catholic Press, 1963. 106 pp. 521. KOHLER, Josef. Die Blutrache nach islamitischen Rechtsbüchern. Zur Lehre von der Blutrache. Josef Kohler. Würzburg: Druck und Verlag der Stahel’schen Universitäts-, Buch-, und Kunsthandlung, 1885, pp. 15–25. 522. PROKSCH, Otto. Über die Blutrache bei den vorislamischen Arabern und Mohammeds Stellung zu ihr. Ph.D. dissertation. Leipzig: Teubner, 1899. 91 pp.

Children ’ s Rights, Juvenile Justice

53

Children’s Rights, Juvenile Justice 523. ABIAD, Nisrine & MANSOOR, Farkhanda Zia. Criminal law and the rights of the child in Muslim states: a comparative and analytical perspective. London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 2010. 385 pp. 524. HASHEMI, Kamran. Religious legal traditions, Muslim states and the Convention on the Rights of the Child: an essay on the relevant UN documentation. Human Rights Quarterly, 29 i (2007) pp. 194–227. 525. RAJABI-ARDESHIRI, Masoud. Childhood and modernity: a social constructionist reflection onto the dilemma of ‘child execution’ within the Islamic context. The International Journal of Human Rights, 18 iv–v (2014) pp. 433–443. 526. SALAYMEH, Lena. Juvenile justice in Muslim-majority states. Juvenile justice in global perspective. Ed. Franklin E. Zimring, Máximo Langer, David S. Tanenhaus. New York & London: New York University Press, 2015, pp. 249–287. 527. The last holdouts: ending the juvenile death penalty in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Pakistan, and Yemen. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2008. 20 pp.

Codification 528. ROBINSON, Paul H. Codifying a Sharia-based criminal law in developing Muslim countries. University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law, 2019. 8 pp. [online].

Comparative Law 529. ARCHIBALD, Bruce P. Criminal justice models: Canadian experience in European and Islamic comparative perspective. Social Science Research Network, 2016. 22 pp. [online].

54

Corruption

530. BADAR, Mohamed. A Comparative study of the principles governing criminal responsibility in the major legal systems of the world (England, United States, Germany, France, Denmark, Russia, China, and Islamic legal tradition). Criminal Law Forum, 24 i (2013) pp. 1–48. 531. ESMAILI, Mohammad Reza Haji & KAMALVAND, Payman. A comparative study of the principle of penal and criminals laws in Islam and Judaism. Comparative Theology, 1 ix (2013) pp. 41–54. 532. ZEHETGRUBER, Christoph. Islamisches Strafrecht versus europäische Werteordnung: Ein Rechtsvergleich. Wien: Facultas Universitätsverlag, 2010. 343 pp. 533. ZEHETGRUBER, Christoph. Islamisches Strafrecht versus kontinentaleuropäische Werteordnung: ein Strafrechtsvergleich unter Berücksichtigung ausgewählter zivilrechtlicher Aspekte. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Graz, 2010. 384 pp.

Corruption 534. ARAFA, Mohamed A. White collar crimes, corruption and bribery in Islamic criminal law: lacuna and conceivable paths. Rule of Law and AntiCorruption Center Journal, 3 (2018) 10 pp. 535. ARAFA, Mohamed A. Corruption and bribery in Islamic law: are Islamic ideals being met in practice? Annual Survey of International and Com­ parative Law, 18 i (2012) pp. 171–242. 536. IQBAL, Zafar. The Islamic position on corruption. Handbook on Islam and economic life. Ed. M. Kabir Hassan, Mervyn K. Lewis. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014, pp. 283–308. 537. JOHANSEN, Baber. La corruption: un délit contre l’ordre social. Les qādi-s de Bukhārā. Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 6 (2002) pp. 1561–1589. 538. KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Bribery and corruption from a Shariah perspective. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 4 ii (2013) pp. 295–297. 539. ROSENTHAL, F. Gifts and bribes: the Muslim view. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 108 (1964) pp. 135–144.

Criminal Law Reform

55

Criminal Law Reform 540. ERWIN, Courtney Paige. Islamic law and modernity: Abdullahi an-Naʿim’s proposal for reform. M.A. thesis, McGill University, 2001. 129 pp. 541. MAHMOOD, Tahir. Criminal law reform in Muslim countries: glimpses of traditional and modern legislation. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. A comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 311–339. 542. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. A critique of an-Naʿim’s assessment of criminal justice. Islamic law reform and human rights. Challenges and rejoinders. Ed. Tore Lindholm, Kari Vogt. Copenhagen etc.: Nordic Human Rights Publications, 1993, pp. 37–60. 543. ZIADEH, Farhat J. Permanence and change in Arab legal systems. Arab Studies Quarterly, 9 i (1987) pp. 20–34.

Criminal Responsibility, Liability 544. ABDUL-MAJID, Mahmood Zuhdi bin Haji. Criminal responsibility in English and Islamic law. M.Phil. thesis, University of Kent, 1984. 302 pp. 545. ACCAD, Mohamed El. Responsabilité pénale en droit musulman. Thèse de doctorat d’État, Université de Paris 2, 1984. 480 pp. 546. AHMED, Oussama. L’irresponsabilité pénale en droit musulman: étude comparative. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université de Rouen, 2015. 284 pp. 547. BACCOUCHE, N. La culpabilité entre le droit musulman et le droit positif. La culpabilité: actes des XXèmes journées d’histoire du droit, 4–6 octobre 2000, Limoges. Ed. Jacqueline Hoareau-Dodinau, Pascal Texier. Limoges: PULIM, 2001. 690 pp. 548. BAHNASSI, Ahmad Fathi. Criminal responsibility in Islamic law. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. The Islamic criminal justice system. London & New York: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 171–193.

56

Criminal Responsibility, Liability

549. BAHNASSI, Ahmad Fathi. La responsabilité criminelle dans la doctrine et la jurisprudence musulmanes. Le Caire: Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques, 1970. 332 pp. 550. BASSIOUNI, Cherif M. Protection of diplomats under Islamic law. The American Journal of International Law, 74 iii (1980) pp. 609–633. 551. BIN MOHAMAD, Abdul Basir. The person who is responsible for injury resulting from premises: a study of Islamic law of tort and a few codes of Arab countries. Arab Law Quarterly, 18 iii (2003) pp. 341–354. 552. CHALEBY, Kutaiba S. Forensic psychiatry in Islamic jurisprudence. Herndon, Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2001. 189 pp. 553. ELASHHAB, Ahmed. The criminal liability in law and Islamic law. Tripoli: The World Islamic Call Society, 1994, 287 pp. 554. KASSIM, Puteri Nemie Jahn. Medical negligence in Islamic law. Arab Law Quarterly, 20 iv (2006) pp. 400–410. 555. MADKOUR, Mohammad Salam. Defining crime responsibility according to Islamic legislation. The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia. The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the symposium held in Ryadh 16–21 Shawal (9–13 October 1976). Rome: Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1980, pp. 89–145. 556. MANSOUR, Saad. L’influence des liens de parenté dans le système penal: études comparatives. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé, Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris), 2008. 665 pp. 557. MASOODI, G.S. Criminal liability at Islamic and Western laws—parallel and distinctive features. Islamic and Comparative Law Review, 10–11 (1990) pp. 1–16. 558. OWAYDHAH, Khalid A. Justifications and concept of criminal liability in Shariʿah. Humanities and Social Sciences Review, 3 ii (2014) pp. 55–71.

Cyber Crime

57

559. RIZAYEVA, Dana & MANNA, Ammar. Circumstances excluding criminal liability under the criminal law of the Muslim countries. E3S Web of Conferences, 135 (2019) pp. 1–7. 560. SAID BEY, Said Moustafa El. La notion de responsabilité pénale. Travaux de la semaine internationale de droit musulman (Paris, 2–7 juillet 1951). Paris: Recueil Sirey, 1953, pp. 122–138. 561. SANAD, Nagaty. The theory of crime and criminal responsibility in Islamic law: Sharia. Chicago, IL: Office of International Criminal Justice, 1991. 107 pp. 562. SANHOURY, Abdel Razak. La responsabilité civile et pénale en droit musulman. Majallat al-qānūn wa l-iqtiṣād, 1 ii–iii (1945) pp. 1–26. 563. SPIES, Otto. Die Lehre von der Haftung für Gefahr im islamischen Recht. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 58 (1955) pp. 79–95. 564. TAMIMI, Emad R. Al-. The impact of immunity on the criminal responsibility in Islamic jurisprudence. Dirasat: Shariʿa and law sciences, 41 i (2014) pp. 82–95.

Cyber Crime 565. AʿALI, Mansoor al-. Cybercrime and the law: an Islamic view. Webology, 4 iii (2007). 566. MAGHAIREH, Alaeldin. Fatwa chaos ignites cyber vandalism: does Islamic criminal law prohibit cyber vandalism? Cyber criminology: exploring internet crimes and criminal behavior. Ed. K. Jaishankar. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011, pp. 347–359. 567. MAGHAIREH, Alaeldin. Shariah Law and cyber-sectarian conflict: how can Islamic criminal law respond to cyber crime? International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 2 ii (2009) pp. 337–445.

58

Death Penalty

Death Penalty 568. ABIEM, Raphael Tikley. Cruel and unusual punishment: the role of discretion in capital sentencing, American and Islamic experiences. Harvard Law School thesis, 1999. 83 pp. 569. ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. The death penalty, mercy, and Islam: a call for retrospection. Religion and the death penalty: a call for reckoning. Ed. Erik C. Owens, John D. Carlson, Eric P. Elshtain. Grand Rapids, MI & Cambridge, UK: William. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2004, pp. 73–106. 570. ALASTI, Sanaz & BRONSON, Eric. Death penalty in Sharia law. Routledge handbook on capital punishment. Ed. Robert Bohm, Gavin M. Lee. New York & London: Routledge, 2018, pp. 231–243. 571. ALASTI, Sanaz. Juvenile death penalty in Islamic countries: the road to abolition is paved with paradox. Capital punishment: new perspectives. Ed. Peter Hodgkinson. London & New York: Routledge, 2013, pp. 63–84. 572. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Les musulmans face à la peine de mort. Alternatives non violentes, 96 (1995) pp. 43–51. 573. ARKOUN, Mohammad. The death penalty and torture in Islamic thought. The death penalty and torture. Ed. Franz Böckle, Jacques Pohier. New York: Seabury Press, 1979, pp. 75–82. 574. ARKOUN, Mohammad. Todesstrafe und Folter im islamischen Denken. Concilium, 14 (1978) pp. 678–682. 575. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. Death as a penalty in the Shariʿā. Capital punishment: strategies for abolition. Ed. Peter Hodgkinson, William A. Schabas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. 169–185. 576. CHEHATA, Hanan. A penological critique of Christian and Islamic justifications of capital punishment. Ph.D. dissertation, Brunel University, 2006. 373 pp. 577. GRÄF, Erwin. Die Todesstrafen des Islamischen Rechts. Bustan, i (1965) pp. 9–22.

Death Penalty

59

578. GRÄF, Erwin. Die Todesstrafen des Islamischen Rechts. Bustan, iv (1962) pp. 8–22. 579. GRÄF, Erwin. Probleme der Todesstrafe im Islam. Zeitschrift für Ver­ gleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 59 (1957) pp. 83–122. 580. HOSNI, Naguib. La peine de mort en droit égyptien et en droit islamique. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 58 (1987) pp. 407–420. 581. IQBAL, A.S.M. Tariq & HOSSAIN, Md Shahadat. Awarding death penalty in evasion to judicial capacity; conception and response under the Islamic criminal law. Journal of Islam, Law & Judiciary, 1 ii (2015) pp. 71–81. 582. Légalité et commodité de la peine de mort en droit musulman. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 57 iii–iv (1987) pp. 431–434. 583. MUMISA, Michael & HABBASH, Mohammad & JABER, Tagreed & MACALESHER, Jacqueline. Sharia law and the death penalty: would abolition of the death penalty be unfaithful to the message of Islam? London: Penal Reform International, 2015. 34 pp. 584. NAʿIM, Abdullahi Ahmed An-. La pena di morte nel mondo musulmano. Il diritto di uccidere. Ed. P.Costa. Milano: Feltrinelli, 2010, pp. 137–151. 585. POSTAWKO, Robert. Towards an Islamic critique of capital punishment. UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 1 ii (2002) pp. 269–320. 586. SCHABAS, William A. Islam and the death penalty. William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal, 9 i (2000) pp. 223–236. 587. TELLENBACH, S. Sobre la pena de muerte en el mundo musulmán. Revista Penal, 8 (2001) pp. 90–94. 588. WAZIR, A. Quelques aspects de la peine de mort en droit islamique. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 58 (1987) pp. 421–429.

60

Defamation, Qadhf

Defamation, Qadhf, Unfounded Accusation of Unlawful Sexual Intercourse 589. ÇIĞDEM, Recep. Crimes against honour: a study of qadhf/slander in comparative perspective. Hamdard Islamicus, 31 iv (2008) pp. 23–31. 590. LANGER, Lorenz. Religious considerations in international legal discourse—the example of religious defamation. Islam and international law. Engaging self-centrism from a plurality of perspectives. Ed. Marie-Louisa Frick, Andreas Th. Müller. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 269–289. 591. MAJZOUB, A.E. Some comparative aspects of Islamic and English law of defamation. Sudan Law Journal and Reports, (1985) pp. 3–10. 592. RASHEED, Abdullah ibn M. al-. Rules of defamation in the Islamic Sha­ riah. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat Al-Buḥūth Al-Fiqhīyah Al-Muʿāṣira, 54 (2002) pp. 12–29. 593. SHATREE, Saad bin Nassir bin Abd al-Aziz al-. Honor-preservation in Sharia law. Aims and means and devices to combat rumor. Contempo­ rary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat Al-Buḥūth Al-Fiqhīyah Al-Muʿāṣira, 51 (2001) pp. 22–26.

Defence 594. AHMAD, Muhammad Mushtaq. The scope of self-defence: a comparative study of Islamic and modern international law. Islamic Studies, 49 ii (2010) pp. 155–194. 595. AKDEMIR, Salih. La légitime défense en droit pénal musulman et en droit pénal romain. Ankara Üniversitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Islami Ilimler Enstitüsü Yayinlar. Ankara: Ankara University, 1982, vol. 5, pp. 279–296. 596. BAHNASI, Ahmad Fathi. Theory of social defence in the light of Islamic jurisprudence. Translated by Shahat Mansour. Cairo: Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs, 1970. 221 pp. 597. FARRAR, Salim. The Role of defence in Islamic law. Sydney Law School Research Paper, 10 xlii (2010) 18 pp.

Defence

61

598. HEDAYATI-KAHKI, Mohammad M. Islamic law. General defences in crimi­ nal law. Domestic and comparative perspectives. Ed. Alan Reed, Michael Bohlander with Nicola Wake, Emma Smith. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2014, pp. 241–254. 599. HEDAYATI-KAHKI, Mohammad M. The conflation of provocation and justification: an analysis of partial defences to murder in Islamic law. Loss of control and diminished responsibility. Domestic, Comparative and International Perspectives. Ed. Alan Reed, Michael Bohlander. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 311–324. 600. JAVED, Azhar. Private defence in Islamic law. Journal of Islamic State Practices in International Law, 2 iii (2006) pp. 33–52. 601. JAVED, Azhar. Intoxication and self-defence: a comparative study of principles of English law and Shariʿah. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Leeds, 2004. 350 pp. 602. LOUTFY, Omar-Bey. Notes sur la légitime défense sur ses conditions et ses limites d’après le droit musulman. Paris: Librairie Cotillon, F. Pichon, Sucesseur, Éditeur, 1898. 603. MENON, N.R. Madhava. Islamic criminal jurisprudence and social defense: an outsider’s appraisal. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. A comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 141–150. 604. MENON, N.R.M. Islamic criminal jurisprudence and social defence in the modern world: an appreciation. Islamic and Comparative Law Quarterly, 1 (1981) pp. 232–238. 605. OMAR, Abd Elwahab. Crisis of the modern social defense: its causes and remedy by Islamic law. Egypte Contemporaine, 494 (2009) pp. 5–26. 606. OWAYDHAH, Khalid. The legal dimensions of self defence under Islamic jurisprudence. Ph.D. dissertation, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 2018. 325 pp. 607. OWAYDHAH, Khalid & YUNUS, Mohamad. The right of private defense against nonaccountable offenders and in defense of the chastity of women under Islamic law. IIUM Law Journal, 25 ii (2017) pp. 257–270.

62

Duress, Coercion

608. OWAYDHAH, Khalid A. & YUNNIS, Mohamed. The concept of self-defence in Islamic jurisprudence. International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 9 iv (2017) pp. 209–226. 609. SHAH, Niaz A. Self-defense in Islamic and international law: assessing Al-Qaeda and the invasion of Iraq. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2008. 192 pp. 610. SHAH, Niaz. Self-defence in Islamic law. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 12 (2005–2006) pp. 181–208.

Duress, Coercion 611. ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. Law of duress in Islamic law and common law: a comparative study. Islamic Studies, 30 iii (1991) pp. 305–350. 612. ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. The Common and Islamic law of duress. Arab Law Quarterly, 6 ii (1991) pp. 121–159. 613. MUHAMMAD, Ibrahim Nasir. The defence of duress in criminal law, analysed: a comparative study of English, Malaysian and Islamic law. International Islamic University Malaysia, 1993. 190 pp. 614. SYED, Mairaj U. Coercion and responsibility in Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. 259 pp.

Financial Crime, Fraud, Economic Crime, Money Laundering 615. ABDUL JABBAR, Siti Faridah. Money laundering laws and principles of Shariʿah: dancing to the same beat? Journal of Money Laundering Control, 14 iii (2011) pp. 198–209. 616. AGHA, Samah al-. Money laundering from Islamic perspective. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 10 iv (2007) pp. 406–411.

Foundling, Laqīṭ

63

617. BAEZ, Jean. Essai sur la fraude à la loi en droit musulman: étude de droit musulman et de droit international privé. Paris: Sirey, 1938. 403 pp. 618. DANI, Rafic Itani. La théorie des fraudes spéciales: essai de clarification, étude comparative entre les droits francais, libanais, musulman et des pays arabes. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2013. 544 pp. 619. KASHIF, Abd El-Rehim Mohamed Al-. Shariʿah’s normative framework as to financial crime and abuse. Journal of Financial Crime, 16 i (2009) pp. 86–96. 620. MOSTAFA-KAMEL, Taïmour. La lutte contre les infractions économiques dans le système pénal musulman. Revue Juridique et Politique: Indépen­ dance et Coopération, 37 (1983) pp. 82–106. 621. NATHIE, Mahmood. Ponzi operandi: affinity fraud risk for Sharīʿahcompliant investment funds. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 4 i (2012) pp. 7–37. 622. SANUSI, Mahmood M. Money laundering with particular reference to the banking deposit transactions: an Islamic perspective. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 11 iii (2008), pp. 251–260. 623. SHEIKH, Fath el Rahman Abdallah el. The underground banking systems and their impact on control of money laundering: with special reference to Islamic banking. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 6 i (2003) pp. 42–45. 624. ZAGARIS, Bruce. Problems applying traditional anti-money laundering procedures to non-financial transactions, “parallel banking systems” and Islamic financial systems. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 10 ii (2007) pp. 157–169.

Foundling, Laqīṭ 625. SUJIMON, M.S. The provision of Islamic law regarding crimes committed by the foundling (jinayat al-laqit). Hamdard Islamicus, 21 ii (1998) pp. 93–97.

64

Gambling

Gambling 626. ROSENTHAL, Franz. Gambling in Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1975. 192 pp.

Genocide 627. DAKKAK, M. Shokry El-. Genocide from the perspectives of international and Islamic law. Criminal justice in Islam: judicial procedure in the shariʿa. Ed. Muhammad Abdel Haleem, Adel Omar Sherif, Kate Daniels. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 2003, pp. 131–145.

Ḥadd, Ḥudūd 628. AHMAD, Mushtaq. Hadd and taʿzir: a survey of the prescribed punishment for specified offences in Islam. Research Journal RJIC, Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Peshawar, 2 vi (1993) pp. 82–87. 629. ALASTI, Sanaz. Comparative study of stoning punishment in the religions of Islam and Judaism. Justice Policy Journal, 4 i (2007) pp. 1–38. 630. ALSOUFI, Rana H. Ḥadd punishments in Islamic law: critiques of the justification of ḥadd punishments as deterrence in Sunnī discourse. GAIR-Mitteilungen, 7 (2015) pp. 109–127. 631. ALSOUFI, Rana H. Strategies for the justification of ḥudūd Allah and their punishments in the Islamic tradition. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Edinburgh, 2012/2013. 285 pp. 632. ANSARI, Salah & Hasan, Usama Al-. Punishment, penalty, and practice: reinterpreting the Islamic penal code (hudood). London: Quilliam, 2020. 39 pp. 633. ASLAN, Reza. The problem of stoning in the Islamic penal code: an argument for reform. UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 3 i (2003–2004) pp. 91–106.

Ḥadd, Ḥudūd

65

634. AZMEH, Wayel. Corporal punishment verses in the Qurʾan are to be reinterpreted to counter violent extremist practices from within the Islamic juristic tradition. Digest of Middle East Studies, 24 ii (2015) pp. 161–186. 635. BLANCHET, Adrien. L’amputation de la main. Comptes rendus des séances de l’Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 73 iii (1929) pp. 253–257. 636. BROWN, Jonathan. Stoning and hand cutting: understanding the hudud and the Shariah in Islam. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research, 2016. 28 pp. 637. CHAUMONT, Eric. ‘God has ordained excellence in all things; when you put to death, do so after a decorous manner’: the implementation of mandatory penalties (al-ḥudūd) in Muslim law. The quest for a common humanity. Human dignity and otherness in the religious tradition of the Mediterranean. Ed. Katell Berthelot, Matthias Morgenstern. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2011, pp. 327–348. 638. CHEEMA, M.A. The hudud in Islam. Arab Historian/Al-Muʾarrikh AlʿArabī, 16 ii (1981) pp. 12–22. 639. DIAKHO, Abou Ilyas Muhammad. La lapidation: précepte abrogé du droit musulman. Beyrouth: Albouraq Editions, 2005. 160 pp. 640. ELTANTAWI, Sarah. Mysterious legislation: ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb’s role in the legalization of the stoning punishment in the Sunni Islamic tradition. Islamic interpretive tradition and gender justice: processes of canonization, subversion and change. Ed. Nevin Reda, Yasmin Amin. Montreal & Kingston: McGill—Queen’s University Press, 2020, pp. 288–313. 641. FERRETTI, Marina. La lapidazione negli stati islamici, tra Corano e costituzioni moderne. Tesi di Laurea, Perugia: Università degli Studi di Perugia, 2010. 127 pp. 642. GABRIEL, Mark A. Reforming hudud ordinances to reconcile Islamic criminal law with international human rights law. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cape Town, 2016. 242 pp.

66

Ḥadd, Ḥudūd

643. GLEAVE, Robert. Public violence, state legitimacy: the iqāmat al-ḥudūd and the sacred state. Public violence in Islamic societies: power, discipline, and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE. Ed. Christian Lange, Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 256–275. 644. HAWTING, Gerald R. The significance of the slogan lā ḥukm illā lillāh and the references to the hudud in the traditions about the fitna and the murder of ʿUthman. Early Islamic history: critical concepts in Islamic studies. Vol. III Authority and sect formation. Ed. Tamima Bayhom-Daoui, Teresa Bernheimer. London & New York: Routledge, 2014, pp. 180–193. 645. JONAS, Nina E. The role of witnesses in the procedural law of ḥudûd. M.A. thesis, McGill University, 1988. 117 pp. 646. KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Are the ḥudūd open to fresh interpretation? Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 1 iii (2010) pp. 516–518. 647. KESKIN, Yusuf Zia. Some notes on the authenticity of reports about the verse of rajm (stoning to death). Hamdard Islamicus, 30 iii (2007) pp. 27–32. 648. KHAN, M. Zafrullah. Punishment of adultery in Islam. London: London Mosque, 1981. 12 pp. 649. LAMRANI, Boubker. Les juristes musulmans face à la peine de la main coupée. Horizons Maghrébins, 48 (2003) pp. 9–19. 650. LUCAS, Scott C. Perhaps you only kissed her? A contrapuntal reading of the penalties for illicit sex in the Sunni Hadith literature. Journal of Religious Ethics, 39 iii (2011) pp. 399–415. 651. LUCAS, Scott C. Abu Bakr ibn al-Mundhir, amputation, and the art of ijtihād. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 39 iii (2007) pp. 351–368. 652. MANSOUR, Aly Aly. Hudud Crimes. The Islamic criminal justice system. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. London & New York: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 195–201. 653. Mapping Stoning in Muslim Contexts. Women Living Under Muslim Laws. February 2012. 33 pp.

Ḥadd, Ḥudūd

67

654. MASUD, Muhammad Khalid. Rethinking sharīʿa: Javēd Aḥmad Ghāmidī on ḥudūd. Die Welt des Islams, 47 iii/iv (2007) pp. 356–375. 655. NOOR, Azman bin Mohd. Stoning for adultery in Christianity and Islam and its implementation in contemporary Muslim societies, Intellectual Discourse, 18 i (2010) pp. 97–113. 656. NOOR, Azman Mohd & IKHSAN GHAZALI, Mohd Al-. Interpreting and understanding the command of God: authority of the sunnah as a source of law in the case of stoning to death of a convicted adulterer. Jurnal Syariah, 16 Special Edition (2008) pp. 429–442. 657. OKON, Etim. Hudud punishments in Islamic criminal law. European Scientific Journal, 10 xiv (2014) pp. 227–238. 658. RABB, Intisar A. Islamic legal maxims as substantive canons of construction: ḥudūd-avoidance in cases of doubt. Islamic Law and Society, 17 (2010) pp. 63–125. 659. RAHMAN, Fazlur. The concept of hadd in Islamic law. Islamic Studies (Islamabad), 4 (1965) pp. 237–251. 660. RAÏS, Hakim. Les islamistes et la peine de la main coupée. Horizons Maghrébins, 48 (2003) pp. 32–40. 661. RAM, Malik. Rajm: stoning for fornication. Dr. Zakir Husain presentation volume: presented on his seventy first birthday. Ed. Tara Chand et al. New Delhi: Crescent, 1968, pp. 202–226. 662. REJALI, Darius. Studying a practice: an inquiry into lapidation. Critique: Journal for Critical Studies of the Middle East, 18 (2001) pp. 67–100. 663. RITTER, Hellmut. Kreuzigung eines Knaben. Oriens, 25/26 (1976), pp. 38–41. 664. RIZWAN, Syed Atif. The resurrection of stoning as punishment for zinā: from zinā flogging in the Qurʾān to zinā stoning in the Islamic legal tradition. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California Los Angeles, 2018. 337 pp. 665. ROFIAH, Nur & NAKHEʾI, Imam. The study of law and punishment in Islam. The ideal concept of hudūd and its practices. Jakarta: Komnas Perempuan (National Commission on Violence Against Women), 2016. 268 pp.

68

Ḥadd, Ḥudūd

666. SCHNEIDER, Irene. Die Steinigung auf dem Prüfstand. Zenith, 3 (2009) pp. 58–60. 667. SEIDENSTICKER, Tilman. Responses to crucifixion in the Islamic world (1st–7th/7th–13th centuries). Public violence in Islamic societies: power, discipline, and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE. Ed. Christian Lange, Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 119–129. 668. SHAH, Nik Noriani Nik Badli. Man-made codifications of ḥudūd laws. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 3 ii (2012) pp. 392–397. 669. SIDAHMAD, Muhammad Ata Alsid. The hudud: the hudud are the seven specific crimes in Islamic criminal law and their mandatory punishments. Kuala Lumpur: Muhammad Ata al Sid Sid Ahmad, 1995. 433 pp. 670. SIDDIQI, Mohd. Suleiman. The concept of ḥudūd and its significance. Islamic Culture, 55 (1981), pp. 191–207. 671. SPIES, Otto. Über die Kreuzigung im Islam. Religion und Religionen. Festschrift für Gustav Mensching. Ed. Rudolf Thomas. Bonn: Ludwig Röhrscheid Verlag, 1967, pp. 143–156. 672. TAHA, Mazin Said. La prise en considération par le droit musulman des facteurs sociaux de la criminalité à l’égard de quelques délits: alcoolisme, fornication, vol. Thèse de doctorat en Droit pénal, Université de droit, d’économie et de sciences sociales de Paris (Paris II), 1988. 673. TERMAN, Rochelle & FIJABI, Mufuliat. Stoning is not our culture: a comparative analysis of human rights and religious discourses in Iran and Nigeria. London: The Global Campaign to Stop Killing and Stoning Women and Women Living Under Muslim Laws. 2010. 44 pp. 674. TERMAN, Rochelle. The stop stoning forever campaign: a report. London: Women Living Under Muslim Laws. 2007. 675. URUBURU COLSA, Juan Manuel. Los delitos ḥudūd en el derecho penal de los países arabes: reinstauración y continuidad. Philologia Hispalensis, 24 (2010) pp. 87–109.

Hanafi Criminal Law

69

676. YOUNG, Walter. Stoning and hand-amputation: the pre-Islamic origins of the ḥadd penalties for zinā and sariqa. M.A. thesis, McGill University 2005. 248 pp. 677. ZAFAR, Emmanuel. Law and practice of Islamic hudood. Lahore: Khyber Law Publ., 1984. 435 pp. 678. ZUBAIR, ʿAbdul-Qadir. Exegesis of legislative verses in the Qurʾan and the relevant traditions. Book 1: al-hudud. Lagos: Al-Madinah Heritage, 1997. 141 pp.

Hanafi Criminal Law 679. AHMAD, Muhammad Mushtaq. Significant features of the Ḥanafī criminal law. Afkār. Research Journal of Islamic Studies, 3 ii (2019) pp. 1–18. 680. AHMAD, Muhammad Mushtaq. The notions of dār al-ḥarb and dār al-Islām in Islamic jurisprudence with special reference to the Ḥanafī school. Islamic Studies, 47 i (2008) pp. 5–37. 681. BEDIR, Mürteza. The Hanafi view of siyasa and Sharia between idealism and realism: Al-Hasiri’s conception of temporal and religious politics: (siyasa ad-diniyya al-ʿuzma and siyasa al-hissiyya al-ʿuzma). İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi/Journal of Islamic Review, 10 ii (2020) pp. 451–466. 682. BERGSTRÄSSER, Gotthelf & SCHACHT, Joseph (ed.). Grundzüge des islamischen Rechts. Berlin & Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter, 1935. 147 pp. [See chapters 9, 10.] 683. DAWOODY, Ahmed Al-. Al-Sarakhsī’s contribution to the Islamic law of war. Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 14 i (2015) pp. 29–44. 684. GLEAVE, Robert. Crimes against God and violent punishment in al-Fatāwā al-ʿĀlamgīriyya. Religion and violence in South Asia: theory and practice. Ed. John R. Hinnells, Richard King. London: Routledge, 2007, pp. 79–100. 685. IBRAHIM PACHA, Anouar. De la responsabilité pénale en droit islamique d’après la doctrine hanafite. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Paris. Paris: T.E.P.A.C., 1944. 182 pp.

70

Hanafi Criminal Law

686. JOHANSEN, Baber: Le jugement comme preuve. Preuve juridique et verité religieuse dans le Droit Islamique hanéfite. Studia Islamica, 72 (1990) pp. 5–17. [Republished in Contingency in a sacred law. Legal and ethical norms in the Muslim fiqh. Ed. Baber Johansen. Leiden etc.: Brill, 1999, pp. 434–445.] 687. JOHANSEN, Baber. Secular and religious elements in Hanafite law. Function and limits of the absolute character of government authority. Islam et politique au Maghreb. Ed. Abdallah Hammoudi, Ernest Gellner, Jean-Claude Vatin. Paris: Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1981, pp. 281–303. [Republished in Contingency in a sacred law. Legal and ethical norms in the Muslim fiqh. Ed. Baber Johansen. Leiden etc.: Brill, 1999, pp. 189–218.] 688. JOHANSEN, Baber. Claims of men and claims of God: the limits of government authority in Hanafite law. Pluriformiteit en verdeling van de macht in het Midden-Oosten. Nijmegen: Vereniging voor de Studie van het Midden-Oosten en de Islam, 1980, pp. 60–104. 689. JOHANSEN, Baber. Zu den Gleichheitsbegriffen im hanafitischen Strafrecht. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Supplemente 4. Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1980, pp. 226–227. 690. JOHANSEN, Baber: Eigentum, Familie und Obrigkeit im hanafitischen Strafrecht. Das Verhältnis der privaten Rechte zu den Forderungen der Allgemeinheit in hanafitischen Rechtskommentaren. Die Welt des Islams, 19 (1979) pp. 1–73. [Republished in Contingency in a sacred law. Legal and ethical norms in the Muslim fiqh. Ed. Baber Johansen. Leiden etc.: Brill, 1999, pp. 349–420.] 691. JOHANSEN, Baber. Der ʿiṣma-Begriff im hanafitischen Recht. Actes du VIIIe Congrès International des Arabisants et Islamisants. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1978, pp. 89–108. [Republished in Contingency in a sacred law. Legal and ethical norms in the Muslim fiqh. Leiden etc.: Brill, 1999, pp. 238–262.] 692. JOHANSEN, Baber: Zum Prozessrecht der ʿuqūbāt. Zeitschrift der Deut­ schen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Supplement III, 1. XIX. Deutscher Orientalistentag, Freiburg i.B. Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag, 1977, pp. 477–486. [Republished in Contingency in a sacred law. Legal and ethical norms in the Muslim fiqh. Leiden etc.: Brill, 1999, pp. 421–433.]

Hanbali Criminal Law

71

693. KAHVECI, Niyazi. Apostasy (irtidâd) in Islamic jurisprudence; is it a creedal or a political crime: Ibn al-Humam (d. 861/1457). Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları/ Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6 ii (2017) pp. 1–12. 694. KRCSMÁRIK, Johann. Beiträge zur Beleuchtung des islamischen Straf­ rechts, mit Rücksicht auf Theorie und Praxis in der Türkei. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 58 (1905) pp. 69–113; 316–360; 539–581. 695. LOUTFY, Omar Bey. De l’action pénale en droit Musulman: rite hanefite. Paris: Marchal et Billard, 1897. 86 pp. 696. MARGHINANI, Sheikh Burhanuddin Abi Al Hasan Ali Al-. The Hedaya. Translated by Charles Hamilton. London: W.H. Allen, 1870. [See Book VII “Of hoodood or punishments” and Book VIII “Of saraka or larciny”, pp. 176–205.] 697. TYAN, Emile. Histoire de l´organisation judiciaire en pays de l´Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1960. 672 pp. 698. TYAN, Émile. Le système de responsabilité délictuelle en droit musulman. Thèse pour le doctorat (Es-Sciences Juridiques). Beyrouth: Imprimerie Catholique, 1926. 268 pp. 699. WAGNER, Mark S. The problem of non-Muslims who insult the Prophet Muḥammad. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 135 iii (2015) pp. 529–540.

Hanbali Criminal Law 700. CILARDO, Agostino. Il prezzo del sangue per l’aborto secondo la scuola hanbalita. Atti della V settimana di studi su: sangue e antropologia. Riti e culto (Roma, 26 novembre–1 dicembre 1984), 3 vols., Rome, 1987, vol. 1, pp. 485–494. 701. IBN DŪYĀN, Ibrāhīm Ibn Muḥammad Ibn-Salīm. Crime and punishment under Islamic law: being a translation from Manār al-Sabīl in explanation of the text al-Dalīl, in accordance with the school of the Imām Ahmad ibn

72

Ḥisba

Hanbal. Translation and commentary by George Baroody. London & New York: Regency Press, 1979. 140 pp. 702. IMAM, Jacob Fareed. Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal (d. 241/855) and the execution of the (hypothetical) apostate. Institut Dominicain d’Études Orientales du Caire: Mélanges (MIDEO), 34 (2019) pp. 111–125. 703. KHALID, Anas. The “mukhtaṣar” of al-Khiraqi: a tenth century work on Islamic jurisprudence. Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1992. 468 pp. [See pp. 217–243; 279–281.] 704. MASUD, Muhammad Khalid. Reading Ibn Taymiyya’s al-Ṣarīm: hermeneutic shifts in the definition of blasphemy. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 75–98. 705. MENSING, J.P.M. De bepaalde straffen in het ḥanbalietische recht naar aanleiding van hare toepassing door de Wahhābieten. Ph.D. dissertation, Leiden: Brill, 1936. 157 pp.

Ḥisba 706. ABDELSALAM, Ahmed. The practice of violence in the ḥisba-theories. Iranian Studies, 38 iv (2005) pp. 547–554. 707. CHENOUFI, Ali. Un traité de Ḥisba (Tuḥfat an-nāẓir wa ġunyat aḏ-ḏākir fī ḥifẓ aš-šaʿā’ir wa taġyīr al-manākir) de Muḥammad al-ʿUqbānī al-Tilimsānī (juriste mort à Tlemcen en 871/1467) Édition critique. Bulletin d’Études Orientales, 19 (1965–1966) pp. 133–343. 708. GAUDEFROY-DEMOMBYNES, M. Sur quelques ouvrages de hisba. Journal Asiatique, 230 (1938) pp. 449–457. 709. GHABIN, Ahmad. Some jāhilī origins of the ḥisba. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 35 (2008) pp. 59–90. 710. HUSAINI, Ishaq Musa al-. Hisba in Islam. Islamic Quarterly, 10 (1966) pp. 69–83.

Homicide, Qatl

73

711. IBN TAYMĪYAH, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad (transl. Henri Laoust). Traité sur la ḥisba. Revue des Études Islamiques, 52 (1984) pp. 19–114. 712. IBN TAYMĪYAH, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad. Public duties in Islam: the institution of the ḥisba. Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1982. 159 pp. 713. IZZI DIEN, Mawil. Ḥisba and the legal ethics of Islam. Culture, unity and diversity: proceedings of the annual conference of the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies, 12–14 July 1994, University of Manchester. Durham: British Society for Middle Eastern Studies, 1994, pp. 284–291. 714. KLEIN, Yaron. Between public and private: an examination of ḥisba literature. Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review, 7 (2006) pp. 41–62. 715. NAROTZKY, Susana. The ḥisba, the muḥtasib and the struggle over political power and a moral economy: an enquiry into institutions. Diverging paths? The shapes of power and institutions in medieval Christendom and Islam. Ed. John Hudson, Ana Rodríguez. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2014, pp. 30–54. 716. STILT, Kristen & SARAÇOĞLU, M. Safa. Hisba and muhtasib. The Oxford handbook of Islamic law. Ed. Anver M. Emon, Rumee Ahmed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 327–355. 717. TALBI, M. Quelques données sur la vie sociale en Occident musulman d’après un traité de ḥisba du XV e siècle. Arabica, 1 (1954) pp. 294–306. 718. VERCELLIN, G. Ḥisba: religious duty or practical job? Some considerations on an Islamic institution between morals and markets. Annali di Ca’ Foscari, 7 iii/Serie Orientale, 29 (1998) pp. 67–96.

Homicide, Qatl 719. ALI, Ahmed I. Compensation in intentional homicide in Islamic law. Journal of Islamic and Comparative Law, 9 (1980) pp. 39–54. 720. ANDERSON, J.N.D. Homicide in Islamic law. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 13 (1951) pp. 811–828.

74

Homicide, Qatl

721. BASHIR, Samina. Infanticide and diminished responsibility—in conflict with international human rights law and Islamic legal norms. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research, 8 (2011) pp. 45–60. 722. BIN DIRʿA, Abboud bin Ali. Punishment to a person who commits murder by casting evil eye, in Islamic jurisprudence. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 92 (2011– 2012), pp. 12–14. 723. GHAMIDI, Javed Ahmad. The punishment of intentional murder. Renais­ sance: A Monthly Islamic Journal, 23 xii (2013) pp. 4–8. 724. HAKERI, Hakan. Tötungsdelikte im islamischen Strafrecht. Berlin: Logos Verlag, 2002. 64 pp. 725. HEWESH, Mohammad Ibn Ibrahim Al-. Murder and homicide in Islamic criminal Law: textual foundations. Ed. Tahir Mahmood. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world: a comparative perspective. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 151–163. 726. LAPIN, T.W. “In the matter of a murdered person …” The Qurʾan, 2:178. University of Baltimore Law Forum, 6 iii (1976) pp. 14–16. 727. LOUIS-FRANÇOIS, Jane. Le crime de sang en droit musulman. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé et sciences criminelles, Université de Perpignan, 2002. 429 pp. 728. MEGALLI, Hasan Ali. Straftaten gegen das Leben: eine Vergleichsstudie zwischen arabischer und ausländischer Gesetzgebung. Ph.D. dissertation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 1984. 253 pp. 729. ÖKSÜZ, Adil. El asesinato y su castigo en el Corán y en la Torá. Terrorismo y ataques suicidas: una perspectiva islámica. Ed. Ergün Çapan, Somerset, NJ: The Light, 2005, pp. 125–139. 730. POWERS, Paul R. Offending heaven and earth: sin and expiation in Islamic homicide law. Islamic Law and Society, 14 i (2007) pp. 42–80. 731. SHAH, Sayed Sikandar. Homicide in Islam: major legal themes. Arab Law Quarterly, 14 (1999) pp. 159–168.

Homosexuality, Liwāṭ

75

732. SPATZ, Melissa. A ‘lesser’ crime: a comparative study of legal defenses for men who kill their wives. Columbia Journal of Law & Social Problems, 24 (1991) pp. 597–638. 733. WRIGHT, Brian. Homicide and Islamic criminal law in 19th century Muslim jurisdictions. Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 2019. 240 pp.

Homosexuality, Liwāṭ 734. ABOUL-ENEIN, Basil. Marks of ambivalence of homosexuality between Arab literary works and Islamic jurisprudence: a brief historiographical commentary. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 44 i (2015) pp. 9–11. 735. ADANG, Camilla. Ibn Ḥazm on homosexuality. A case-study of Ẓāhirī legal methodology. Al-Qanṭara, 24 i (2003) pp. 5–31. 736. AHMADI, Shafiqa. Islam and homosexuality: religious dogma, colonial rule, and the quest for belonging. Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, 26 iii (2012) pp. 537–563. 737. AHMED, M. Bashir. Homosexuality—an Islamic perspective. Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 38 i (2006), 27–33. 738. ALIPOUR, M. Essentialism and Islamic theology of homosexuality: a critical reflection on an essentialist epistemology toward same-sex desires and acts in Islam. Journal of Homosexuality, 64 xiv (2017) pp. 1930–1942. 739. ÁLVAREZ DE MORALES, Camilo. Transgresiones sexuales en el Islam medieval. Cuadernos del CEMYR, 16 (2008) pp. 47–70. 740. BELLO, Shafiʿi Abdul Azeez. The punishment of homosexuality in Islamic contemporary world: Malaysia, Iran, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia as a case study. Social Science Research Network, 2012, pp. 1–17. [online]. 741. BROWN, Jonathan. A pre-modern defense of the hadiths on sodomy: an annotated translation and analysis of al-Suyuti’s attaining the hoped-for in service of the messenger(s). American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 34 iii (2017) pp. 1–44.

76

Homosexuality, Liwāṭ

742. DAKHLIA, Jocelyne. Homoérotismes et trames historiographiques du monde islamique. Annales, Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 62 v (2007) pp. 1097–1120. 743. DE FREITAS BORONHA, Miguel António. Male homosexuality in Islamic normative and in the mujun literature of Al-Andalus and the Maghreb between the 10th and 13th centuries. M.A. thesis, University of Lisbon, 2014. 135 pp. 744. DENNERLEIN, Bettina. Sexual rights and their discontents: Yusuf al-Qaradawi on homosexuality and the ‘Islamic family’. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 17 (2017) pp. 247–267. 745. DIALMY, Abdessamad. Sexuality and Islam. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 15 iii (2010) pp. 160–168. 746. DURAN, Khalid. Homosexuality in Islam. Homosexuality and world religions. Ed. Arlene Swidler. Valley Forge, Penn: Trinity Press International, 1993, pp. 181–197. 747. EIDHAMAR, Levi Geir. Is gayness a test from Allah? Typologies in Muslim stances on homosexuality. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 25 ii (2014) pp. 245–266. 748. FERCHICHI, Wahid. Law and homosexuality. Survey and analysis of legislation across the Arab world. Working Paper prepared for the Middle East and North Africa Consultation of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law, 27–29 July 2011. 22 pp. [online]. 749. FORTIER, Corinne. Intersexuation, transsexualité et homosexualité en pays d’islam. Homosexualité et traditions monothéistes: vers la fin d’un antagonisme? Ed. Rémy Bethmont, Martine Gross. Genève: Éditions Labor et Fides, 2017, pp. 123–137. 750. GHAREEB, Bilal Ahmad. Genetic and religious points of view on homosexuality. Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine, 12-13/23-24-25-26 (2013–14) pp. 29–34. 751. GUARDI, Jolanda & VANZAN, Anna. Che genere di Islam. Omosessuali, queer e transessuali tra shariʿa e nuove interpretazioni. Roma: Ediesse, 2012. 206 pp.

Homosexuality, Liwāṭ

77

752. HABIB, Samar (ed.). Islam and homosexuality. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger/ ABC-Clio, 2010. 503 pp. 753. HABIB, Samar. Female homosexuality in the Middle East. Histories and representations. New York: Routledge, 2007. 195 pp. 754. HAMZIĆ, Vanja. Sexual and gender diversity in the Muslim world. History, law, and vernacular knowledge. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 2016. 333 pp. 755. HAMZIĆ, Vanja. The case of “queer Muslims”: sexual orientation and gender identity in international human rights law and Muslim legal and social ethos. Human Rights Law Review, 11 ii (2011) pp. 237–274. 756. HENDRICKS, Muhsin. Islamic texts: a source for acceptance of queer individuals into mainstream Muslim society. The Equal Rights Review, 5 (2010) pp. 31–51. 757. HILDEBRANDT, Achim. Christianity, Islam and modernity: explaining prohibitions on homosexuality in UN member states. Political Studies, 63 iv (2015) pp. 852–869. 758. HOUSSI, Leila El. Islam e omosessualità: confronto o paradosso? La Camera Blu. Rivista Di Studi Di Genere, 9 (2013). 9 pp. [online]. 759. JAHANGIR, Junaid & ABDULLATIF, Hussein. Same-sex unions in Islam. Theology & Sexuality, 24 iii (2018) pp. 157–173. 760. JAHANGIR, Junaid & ABDULLATIF, Hussein. Homosexuality: the emer­ ging new battleground in Islam. Iran Namag, 3 i (2018). 761. JAHANGIR, Junaid & ABDULLATIF, Hussein. Islamic law and Muslim same-sex unions. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016. 294 pp. 762. JAHANGIR, Junaid B. & ABDUL-LATIF, Hussein. Investigating the Islamic perspective on homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 63 vii (2016) pp. 925–954. 763. JAHANGIR, Junaid B. Implied cases for Muslim same sex unions. Islam and homosexuality. Ed. Samar Habib. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger/ABCClio, 2010, vol. 2, pp. 297–326.

78

Homosexuality, Liwāṭ

764. JAMAL, Amreen. The story of Lot and the Quran’s perception of the morality of same-sex sexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 41 i (2008) pp. 1–88. 765. KLIGERMAN, Nicole. Homosexuality in Islam: a difficult paradox. Maca­ lester Islam Journal, 2/3 (2007) pp. 52–64. 766. KUGLE, Scott & HUNT, Stephen. Masculinity, homosexuality and the defence of Islam: a case study of Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s media fatwa. Religion and Gender, 2 ii (2012) pp. 254–279. 767. KUGLE, Scott Siraj Al-Haqq. Homosexuality in Islam. Islamic reflection on gay, lesbian, and transgender Muslims. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2010. 352 pp. 768. LARCHER, Pierre. Liwāṭ: “agir comme le peuple de Loth …” Formation et interprétation lexicales en arabe classique. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 14 (2014) pp. 213–227. 769. Laws on homosexuality in African nations. The Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Research Center, 2014. 26 pp. 770. MARTIN, Stefanie Lee. The role of homosexuality in classical Islam. University of Tennessee Honors Thesis Projects, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1997. 32 pp. 771. MEZZIANE, Mohammad. Sodomie et masculinité chez les juristes musulmans du IXe au XIe siècle. Arabica. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies/ Revue d’études arabes et islamiques, 55 ii (2008) pp. 276–306. 772. MOHR, Andreas Ismail. Wie steht der Koran zur Homosexualität? Muslime unter dem Regenbogen. Homosexualität, Migration und Islam. Ed. LSVD Berlin-Brandenburg e.V. Berlin: Querverlag, 2004, pp. 9–38. 773. MOHR, Andreas Ismail. Das Volk Lots und die Jünglinge des Paradieses. Zur Homosexualität in der Religion des Islam. Islam und Homosexualität. Koran/Islamische Länder/Situation in Deutschland. Ed. Michael Bochow, Rainer Marbach. Hamburg: MännerschwarmSkript, 2003, pp. 51–84. 774. MURRAY, S. & ROSCOE, W. Islamic homosexualities: culture, history, and literature. New York: New York University Press, 1997. 340 pp.

Homosexuality, Liwāṭ

79

775. MURRAY, S.O. The will not to know: Islamic accommodations of male homosexuality. Islamic homosexualities: culture, history, and literature. Ed. S.O. Murray & W. Roscoe, with additional contributions by E.Allyn [& others]. New York: New York University Press, 1997, pp. 14–54. 776. MURTAZA, Muhammad Sameer. Islam und Homosexualität—ein schwieriges Verhältnis. Hamburg: Tredition, 2017. 44 pp. 777. OMAR, Sara. In search of authenticity: modern discourse over homosexuality through early Islamic thought. Routledge handbook on early Islam. Ed. Herbert Berg. Abingdon & New York: Routledge, 2018, pp. 339–358. 778. OMAR, Sara. From semantics to normative law: perceptions of liwāṭ (sodomy) and siḥāq (tribadism) in Islamic jurisprudence (8th–15th Century CE). Islamic Law and Society, 19 iii (2012) pp. 222–256. 779. PELLAT, Charles. Liwāṭ. Sexuality and eroticism among males in Moslem societies. Ed. Arno Schmitt, Jehoeda Sofer. Binghamton: Harrington Park Press, 1992, pp. 151–167. 780. PETERS, R. & VELLENGA, S.J. Homoseksualiteit in orthodox-religieuze kring: islam en protestantisme. Justitiële verkenningen, 33 i (2007) pp. 70–82. 781. REHMAN, Javaid & POLYMENOPOULOU, Eleni. Is green a part of the rainbow? Sharia, homosexuality and LGBT rights in the Muslim world. Fordham International Law Journal, 37 i (2013) pp. 1–52. 782. ROSENTHAL, Franz. Ar-Razī on the hidden illness. Bulletin on the History of Medicine, 52 (1978) pp. 45–60. 783. ROUAYHEB, Khaled El-. Before homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic world, 1500–1800. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2005. 208 pp. 784. ROWSON, Everett K. The categorization of gender and sexual irregularity in medieval Arabic vice lists. Body guards: the cultural politics of gender ambiguity. Ed. Julia Epstein, Kristina Straub. New York: Routledge, 1991, pp. 50–79.

80

Homosexuality, Liwāṭ

785. SCHMIDTKE, Sabine. Homoeroticism and homosexuality in Islam: a review article. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 62 ii (1999) pp. 260–266. 786. SCHMITT, Arno. Liwāṭ im fiqh: männliche Homosexualität? Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 4 (2001–2002) pp. 49–110. 787. SCHMITT, Arno. Bio-bibliography of male-male sexuality and eroticism in Muslim societies. Berlin: Verlag Rosa Winkel, 1995. 322 pp. 788. SCHMITT, Arno & SOFER, Jehoeda (eds.). Sexuality and eroticism among males in Moslem societies. Binghamton: Harrington Park Press, 1992. 201 pp. 789. SIRAJ, Asifa. “I don’t want to taint the name of Islam”: the influence of religion on the lives of Muslim lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 16 iv (2012) pp. 449–467. 790. SOFER, Jehoeda. Sodomy in the law of Muslim states. Sexuality and ero­ ticism among males in Moslem societies. Ed. Arno Schmitt, Jehoeda Sofer. Binghamton: Harrington Park Press 1992, pp. 131–149. 791. TANYERI, Taner. Homosexualität im Islam. B.A. thesis, Basel: Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit FNHW, 2014. 74 pp. 792. TERBLANCHE, Dawood. Islam and individual predisposition to homosexuality. M.A. thesis, University of South Africa, 2009. 93 pp. 793. TOLINO, Serena. The approach to homosexuality in contemporary fatāwā: sexual practices or sexual orientation? Zeitschrift für Islam & Recht/Journal for Law & Islam, 8 (2016) pp. 141–158. 794. TOLINO, Serena. Homosexual acts in Islamic law: siḥāq and liwāṭ in the legal debate. GAIR-Mitteilungen, Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht, 6 (2014) pp. 187–205. 795. TOLINO, Serena. Homosexuality in the Middle East: an analysis of dominant and competitive discourses. Deportate, esuli, profughe. Rivista tele­ matica di studi sulla memoria femminile, 25 (2014) pp. 72–91.

Honour Killings, Sexual Violence, Crimes of Passion

81

796. VAID, Mobeen. Can Islam accommodate homosexual acts? Qur’anic revisionism and the case of Scott Kugle. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 34 iii (2017) pp. 45–97. 797. WAFER, Jim. Muhammad and male homosexuality. Islamic homosexualities: culture, history and literature. Ed. Stephen O. Murray. New York: New York University Press, 1997, pp. 87–96. 798. WALTTER, Amin K. Islam und Homosexualität im Qurʾān und der HadîṯLiteratur. Teil 1: Der Qurʾān. Hamburg: tredition, 2014. 240 pp. 799. WALTTER, Amin K. Islam und Homosexualität im Qurʾān und der HadîṯLiteratur. Teil 2:. Hadîṯ-Literatur—Die Überlieferungen. Hamburg: tredition, 2014. 344 pp. 800. WALTTER, Amin K. Islam und Homosexualität im Qurʾān und der HadîṯLiteratur. Teil 3: Hadîṯ-Literatur—Hadîṯ-Wissenschaft, Überlieferer und Sammlungen. Hamburg: tredition, 2014. 284 pp. 801. ZAHED, Ludovic-Mohamed. Homosexuality, transidentity, and Islam: a study of scripture confronting the politics of gender and sexuality. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. 120 pp. 802. ZOLLNER, Barbara. Mithliyyun or lutiyyun? Neo-orthodoxy and the debate on the unlawfulness of same-sex relations in Islam. Islam and homosexuality. Ed. Samar Habib. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2010, vol. 1, pp. 193–221.

Honour Killings, Sexual Violence, Crimes of Passion 803. ABDELHADI, Wafaa. Honour crimes and violence against women: preventing and punishing honour crimes. M.A. thesis, Tilburg University, 2016. 80 pp. 804. ABU ODEH, Lama. Crimes of honour and the construction of gender in Arab societies. Feminism and Islam: legal and literary perspectives. Ed. Mai Yamani. Reading, Berkshire: Ithaca Press, 1996, pp. 141–194.

82

Honour Killings, Sexual Violence, Crimes of Passion

805. BROWN, Jonathan. Islam is not the cause of honor killings. It’s part of the solution. Irving, TX: Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research, 2017. 8 pp. [online]. 806. Developments in the struggle against the murder of women against the background of so-called family honour. A report by Al-Fanar, Palestinian Feminist Organization. Women Against Fundamentalism Journal, 6 (1995) pp. 37–41. 807. DOĞAN, Recep. Is honour killing a ‘Muslim phenomenon’? Textual interpretation and cultural representations. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 31 iii (2011) pp. 423–440. 808. FILDIS, A.T. The historical roots and occurrence of honour-related violence in non-Muslim and Muslim societies. Hawwa, 11 i (2013) pp. 1–15. 809. FOURNIER, Pascale & MCDOUGALL, Pascal & DEKKER, Anna. Dishonour, provocation and culture: through the beholder’s eye? Canadian Criminal Law Review, 16 ii (2012) pp. 161–193. 810. IDRISS, Mohammad Mazher & ABBAS, Tahir (eds.). Honour, violence, women and Islam. Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. 242 pp. 811. MOGHAIZEL, Laure. The Arab and Mediterranean world: legislation towards crimes of honor. Empowerment and the law: strategies of third world women. Ed. M. Schuler. Washington, DC: OEF International, 1986, pp. 75–78. 812. RAJAKARUNA, Saama. Honour crimes and honourable justice. Nethra, 5 i (2002) pp. 31–46. 813. SHAMS UL BASAR. Honour killing in the Islamic perspective. Research Journal RJIC, Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Peshawar, NS 1/3 (2002) pp. 1–18. 814. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Ehrenmorde an Frauen in der arabischen Welt. Wuquf, 13 (2003) pp. 74–89. 815. VITOSHKA, Diana Y. The modern face of honor killing: factors, legal issues, and policy recommendations. Berkeley Undergraduate Journal, 22 ii (2010) pp. 1–36.

Human Rights

83

816. WARRICK, Catherine. Dishonorable passions: law and virtue in Muslim communities. Gender in Judaism and Islam: common lives, uncommon heritage, Ed. Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet, Beth S. Wenger. New York: New York University Press, 2015, pp. 181–202. 817. WELCHMAN, Lynn. Honour and violence against women in a modern sharʿi discourse. Hawwa: Journal of Women in the Middle East and the Islamic World, 5 ii–iii (2007) pp. 137–165. 818. WELCHMAN, Lynn & HOSSAIN, Sara. ‘Honour’: crimes, paradigms and violence against women. London: Zed Books, 2005. 384 pp.

Human Rights 819. ABDEL HALEEM, M. Human rights in Islam and the United Nations instruments. Democracy, the rule of law and Islam. Ed. E. Cotran, Adel Omar Sherif. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999 (CIMEL Book Series, 6), pp. 435–453. 820. ABDO, Geneive (ed.). Islam and human rights. Key issues for our times. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council. Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East, 2017. 45 pp. 821. ABIAD, Nisrine. Sharia, Muslim states and international human rights treaty obligations: a comparative study. London: British Institute of Inter­ national and Comparative Law, 2008. 249 pp. 822. ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. Cultivating human rights: Islamic law and the humanist perspective. Law and tradition in classical Islamic thought. Ed. Michael Cook, Najam Haider, Intisar Rabb, Asma Sayeed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, pp. 167–183. 823. ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. The human rights commitment in modern Islam. Wanted: equality and justice in the Muslim family. Ed. Zainah Anwar. Kuala Lumpur: Musawah, 2009, pp. 113–178. 824. ABU-ZAYD, Nasr Hamid. The concept of human rights, the process of modernization and the politics of Western domination. Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft, 4 (1998) pp. 434–437.

84

Human Rights

825. ABU-ZAID, Nasr. Islam und Menschenrechte. KAS-Aııslandsinformationen, 12 v (1996) pp. 51–59. 826. AFSHARI, Reza. An essay on Islamic cultural relativism in the discourse of human rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 16 ii (1994) pp. 235–276. 827. AHMARI-MOGHADDAM, Ali. Towards international Islamic human rights: a comparative study of Islamic law, Shariʿah, with universal human rights as defined in the International Bill of Human Rights. Master of Laws thesis, University of Toronto, 2012. 158 pp. 828. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. La Sharia et les droits de l’homme. Annuaire international des droits de l’homme, V, 2010: religions et droits de l’homme. Athènes & Bruxelles: Sakkoulas et Bruylant, 2010, pp. 251–301. 829. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Die Muslime und die Menschen­ rechte: Herausforderungen und Perspektiven in den Islamischen Ländern und im Westen. Der Islam in Europa zwischen Weltpolitik und Alltag. Ed. Urs Altermatt, Mariano Delgado, Guido Vergauwen. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2006, pp. 201–229. 830. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Les musulmans et les droits de l’homme, défis et perspectives dans les pays musulmans et en Occident. Acta universitatis Lucian Blaga. (Sibiu, Romania), 1–2 (2006) pp. 106–127. 831. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Stato, religione e diritti dell’uomo nel mondo musulmano. Islam e diritti umani, un ( falso?) problema. Ed. Mario Nordio, Giorgio Vercellin. Reggio Emilia: Edizioni Diabasis, 2005, pp. 43–64. 832. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Les droits de l’homme dans le monde arabe. Panoramiques, 66 (2004) pp. 48–59. 833. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. La sfida islamica ai diritti dell’uomo nei paesi arabo-musulmani e all’estero. Le tre religioni di Abramo, Visioni di Dio e valori dell’uomo. Venezia: Marsilio, 2003, pp. 143–186.

Human Rights

85

834. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Les droits de l’homme et le défi islamiste: diagnostic et remèdes. Mélanges en l’honneur de Mohamed Charfi. Tunis: Centre de publication universitaire, 2001, pp. 305–340. 835. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. I diritti dell’uomo e la sfida dell’islam, diagnosi e rimedi. Rivista internazionale dei diritti dell’uomo (Milano), 12 i (1999) pp. 101–138. 836. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Les mouvements islamistes et les droits de l’homme. Bochum: Verlag Dr. Dieter Winkler, 1998. 128 pp. 837. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Les mouvements islamistes et les droits de l’homme. Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme, 9 xxxiv (1998) pp. 251–290. 838. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. I movimenti islamici e i diritti dell’uomo. L’Islam una concezione universalistica. Regione autonoma della Valle d’Aosta, Presidenza del Consiglio della Valle, Atti del convegno Aosta, 27–29 Settembre 1997, pp. 63–81. 839. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Les mouvements islamistes et les droits de l’homme. L’Islam una concezione universalistica. Regione autonoma della Valle d’Aosta, Presidenza del Consiglio della Valle, Atti del convegno Aosta, 27–29 Settembre 1997, pp. 39–63. 840. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. I movimenti dell’attivismo islamico, la legge islamica e i diritti dell’uomo. Rivista internazionale dei diritti dell’uomo (Milano), 10 (1997) pp. 461–513. 841. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Les musulmans face aux droits de l’homme: religion et droit et politique: étude et documents, Bochum: Verlag Dr. Dieter Winkler, 1994. 610 pp. 842. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, S.A. Muslims and human rights: challenges and perspectives. Human rights and cultural diversity. Ed. W. Schmale. Goldbach: Keip Publishing, 1993, pp. 239–268. 843. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Les droits de l’homme entre Occi­ dent et Islam. Praxis juridique et religion, 9 i (1992) pp. 85–117.

86

Human Rights

844. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Human rights conflicts between Islam and the West. Revue de droit comparé/Comparative law review (Tokyo), 25 ii (1991) pp. 17–60. 845. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Dialogue conflictuel sur les droits de l’homme entre Occident et Islam. Islamochristiana, 17 (1991) pp. 53–82. 846. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Human rights conflicts between Islam and the West. Third World Legal Studies, 9 (1990) pp. 257–284. 847. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. La définition internationale des droits de l’homme et l’islam. Revue générale de droit international public, 89 iii (1985) pp. 624–716. 848. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. L’Islam et les droits de l’homme. Universalité des droits de l’homme et diversité des cultures, Les actes du 1er colloque interuniversitaire, Fribourg 1982. Fribourg: Éditions universitaires, 1984, pp. 151–160. 849. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. De Islam en de mensenrechten. Maandblad de Vrije Gedachte, 137 (1983) pp. 3–11. 850. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Islam et droits de l’homme, à propos de la Déclaration islamique universelle des droits de l’homme. Choisir (Genève), 280 (1983) pp. 15–19. 851. ALFITRI. Can the requirements of Shariah law regarding criminal punishments be interpreted in a way that is compatible with the ICCPR and CAT? Indonesian Journal of International Law, 6 iv 2009, pp. 1–26. 852. ALHARGAN, Raed Abulaziz. Islamic law and international human rights norms. Muslim World Journal of Human Rights, 9 i (2012) pp. 1–21. 853. ALI, Shaheen Sardar. Gender and human rights in Islam and international law. Equal before Allah, unequal before man? The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000. 358 pp. 854. AMJAD-ALI, Charles. Text and interpretation: superfluity on issues of human rights in Islam. Al-Mushir, 36 iii (1994) pp. 69–84.

Human Rights

87

855. ARKOUN, Muhammed. Les droits de l’homme en Islam. Democracia, y derechos humanos en el mundo árabe. Ed. G. Martin Munoz. Madrid: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, 1993, pp. 29–46. 856. ARZT, Donna E. Religious human rights in Muslim states of the Middle East and North Africa. Emory International Law Review, 10 (1996) pp. 139–161. 857. ARZT, Donna E. The application of international human rights law in Islamic states. Human Rights Quarterly, 12 (1990) pp. 202–230. 858. ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. Islamismo, diritto penale e i diritti umani. Rivista di Teologia Morale, 120 iv (1998) pp. 557–566. 859. AWABDEH, Mohamed Al. History and prospect of Islamic criminal law with respect to human rights. Ph.D. dissertation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2005. 134 pp. 860. BADERIN, Mashood A. The role of human rights and development in Muslim states. Religion, human rights and international law. Ed. Javaid Rehman, Susan Breau, Leiden & Boston: Brill/Nijhoff, 2007, pp. 319–358. 861. BADERIN, Mashood A. Effective legal representation in “Shariʾah” courts as a means of addressing human rights concerns in the Islamic criminal justice system of Muslim states. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 11 (2004–2005) pp. 135–167. 862. BADERIN, Mashood A. International human rights and Islamic law. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. 300 pp. 863. BADERIN, Mashood Adebayo. Modern Muslim states between Islamic law and international human rights law. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Nottingham, 2001. 384 pp. 864. BADERIN, M.A. Establishing areas of common ground between Islamic law and international human rights. The International Journal of Human Rights, 5 ii (2001) pp. 72–113. 865. BADERIN, M.A. Macroscopic analysis of the practice of Muslim states parties to international human rights treaties: conflict or congruence. Human Rights Law Review, 1 ii (2001) pp. 265–303.

88

Human Rights

866. BADERIN, Mashood A. Dialogue among civilisations as a paradigm for achieving universalism in international human rights: a case study with Islamic law. Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, 2 ii (2001) pp. 1–41. 867. BAEHR, Peter R. Some observations on Islam and human rights. Recht van de Islam, 15 (1998) pp. 69–73. 868. BASSIOUNI, Mahmoud. Menschenrechte zwischen Universalität und islamischer Legitimität. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2014. 390 pp. 869. BASSIOUNI, Mahmoud. Islamische Menschenrechtsdiskurse. Religion, Menschenrechte und Menschenrechtspolitik. Ed. Antonius Liedhegener, Ines-Jacqueline Werkner. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2010, pp. 177–218. 870. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. Les sources de la loi islamique et la protection des droits de l’homme dans le système du droit pénal islamique. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 56 iii–iv (1985) pp. 425–471. 871. BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. Sources of Islamic law, and the protection of human rights in the Islamic criminal justice system. The Islamic Criminal Justice System. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. London: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 3–53. 872. BENNOUNE, Karima. As-salamu ʿalaykum? Humanitarian law in Islamic jurisprudence. Michigan Journal of International Law, 15 (1994) pp. 605–643. 873. BERWEEN, Mohamed. International bills of human rights: an Islamic critique. International Journal of Human Rights, 7 iv (2003) pp. 129–142. 874. BERWEEN, Mohamed. The fundamental human rights: an Islamic perspective. International Journal of Human Rights, 6 i (2002) pp. 61–78. 875. BIELEFELDT, Heiner. Christentum, Islam und der Anspruch der Menschenrechte. Handbuch Christentum und Islam in Deutschland. Grundlagen, Erfahrungen und Perspektiven des Zusammenlebens. Bd. 1. Ed. Mathias Rohe et al. Freiburg: Herder, 2014, pp. 253–271.

Human Rights

89

876. BIELEFELDT, Heiner. “Western” versus “Islamic” human rights conceptions? A critique of cultural essentialism in the discussion on human rights. Political Theory, 28 i (2000) pp. 90–121. 877. BIELEFELDT, Heiner. Zwischen Scharia und Menschenrechten. Facetten der islamischen Menschenrechtsdiskussion. Die Menschenrechte im interkulturellen Dialog. Ed. Uwe Voigt. Frankfurt a.M.: Lang, 1998, pp. 227–237. 878. BIELEFELDT, Heiner. Menschenrechte und Islam—Konflikte und Pers­ pektiven. Die bedrängte Toleranz. Die Gefahren der Politisierung ethnischkultureller und religiöser Differenzen. Ed. Wilhelm Heitmeyer, Rainer Dollase. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 1996, pp. 360–381. 879. BIELEFELDT, Heiner. Muslim voices in the human rights debate. Human Rights Quarterly, 17 iv (1995) pp. 587–617. 880. BIELEFELDT, Heiner. Die „Allgemeine Islamische Menschenrechts­ erklärung“ von 1981. Eine christliche Stellungnahme. Islam—eine Her­ ausforderung für das Christentum, Concilium, 30 iii (1994) pp. 255–259. 881. BIELEFELDT, Heiner & SCHWARTLÄNDER, Johannes. Christen und Muslime vor der Herausforderung der Menschenrechte. Herausgegeben von der wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsgruppe für weltkirchliche Aufgaben der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz. Bonn: J.P. Bachem, 1992. 53 pp. 882. BIELEFELDT, Heiner. Menschenrechte und Menschenrechtsverständnis im Islam. Europäische Grundrechte-Zeitschrift, (1990) pp. 489–498. 883. BLEUCHOT, Hervé. La mondialisation et les droits de l’homme: les débats sur le droit pénal musulman. The reorganisation or the end of constitutional liberties? La réorganisation ou la fin de l’état de droit? Ed. Jakob Rösel, Trutz von Trotha. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2005, pp. 227–256. 884. BORRMANS, M. Convergences et divergences entre la declaration universelle des droits de l’homme de 1948 et les recentes declarations des droits de l’homme dans l’Islam. Islamochristiana/Dirasat Islamiya Masihiya, 24 (1998) pp. 1–17. 885. BORRMANS, Maurice. I diritti dell’uomo e le istituzioni islamiche. Stııdi arabi e islamici in memoria di Matilde Gagliardi. Ed. P. Branca, V. Brugnatelli. Milan: Istituto ltaliano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Sezione Lombarda, 1995, pp. 15–41.

90

Human Rights

886. BOVEN, Theo van. Human rights in Islamic states. Recht van de Islam, 15 (1998) pp. 59–67. 887. BOYLE-LEWICKI, Edna. Need world’s collide: the hudud crimes of Islamic law and international human rights. New York International Law Review, 13 ii (2000) pp. 43–86. 888. BREMS, Eva. Reconciling universality and diversity in international human rights: a theoretical and methodological framework and its application in the context of Islam. Human Rights Review, 5 (2004) pp. 5–21. 889. BROHI, A.K. The nature of Islamic law and the concept of human rights. Human rights in Islam. Kuwait: International Commission of Jurists, 1980, pp. 41–60. 890. CARLE, R. Revealing and concealing: Islamist discourse on human rights. Human Rights Review, 6 iii (2005) pp. 122–137. 891. CASPAR, Robert. Les déclarations des Droits de l’Homme en Islam depuis dix ans. Islamochristiana, 9 (1983) pp. 59–102. 892. CONSEIL ISLAMIQUE DE L’EUROPE. Déclaration Islamique universelle des droits de l’homme: literal translation in English (Penelope Johnstone). Islamochristiana, 9 (1983) pp. 103–120. 893. CONSEIL ISLAMIQUE DE L’EUROPE. Déclaration Islamique universelle des droits de l’homme: traduction littéral en français (Maurice Borrmans). Islamochristiana, 9 (1983) pp. 121–140. 894. COTRAN, Eugene & YAMANI, Mai. The rule of law in the Middle East and the Islamic world: human rights and the judicial process. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 2000. 180 pp. 895. DENNY, F.M. Contemporary Muslim discourses on human rights. ISIM Newsletter, 1 (1998) pp. 34–34. 896. DE SMET, Stéphanie. Verenigbaarheid van het islamitisch strafrecht met de universele mensenrechten. Masterproef, master in de rechten, Universiteit Gent, 2016–2017. 101 pp.

Human Rights

91

897. DUDLEY, James. Human rights practices in the Arab states: the modern impact of Shariʿa values. Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, 12 (1982) pp. 55–93. 898. ELLIESIE, Hatem (ed.). Beiträge zum islamischen Recht VII. Islam und Menschenrechte/Islam and human rights. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2010. 579 pp. 899. ELWAN, Omaia. Rechtsnormen im Islam und Menschenrechte. Islam— eine andere Welt? Sammelband der Vorträge des Studium Generale der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg im Sommersemester 1998. Heidelberg: Winter, 1999, pp. 73–87. 900. EMON, Anver M. & ELLIS, Mark & GLAHN, Benjamin (eds.). Islamic law and international human rights law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 400 pp. 901. FADEL, Mohammad H. Public reason as a strategy for principled reconciliation: the case of Islamic law and international human rights. Chicago Journal of International Law, 8 i (2007) pp. 1–20. [online]. 902. FORSTNER, M. Islamisches Menschenrechtsverständnis und seine Aus­ wirkungen auf die in Europa lebenden Muslime. Der Islam in Europa. Ed. V. Heuberger. Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang, 1999, pp. 9–37. 903. FORSTNER, M. Zur Diskussion über die Menschenrechte in den arabi­ schen Staaten. Christen und Muslime in der Verantwortung für eine Weltund Friedensordnung (3. Sankt Georgener Symposion 1992). Ed. Ludwig Bertsch, Hans Messer. Frankfurt: Stiftung Hochschule St. Georgen, 1992, pp. 49–94. 904. FORSTNER, M. Inhalt und Begründung der Allgemeinen Islamischen Menschenrechtserklärung. Begründung von Menschenrechten aus der Sicht unterschiedlicher Kulturen. Ed. J. Hoffmann. Frankfurt: Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation, 1991, pp. 249–273. 905. GABRIEL, Mark A. Liberating Islam: how to reconcile Islamic criminal law with international human rights law. St. Petersburg, FL: BookLocker, 2019. 355 pp.

92

Human Rights

906. GARDET, Louis. Un préalable aux questions soulevées par les Droits de l’Homme: l’actualisation de la Loi religieuse musulmane aujourd’hui. Islamochristiana, 9 (1983) pp. 1–12. 907. GUICHON, Audrey. Some arguments on the universality of human rights in Islam. Religion, human rights and international law. Ed. Javaid Rehman, Susan Breau. Leiden & Boston: Brill/Nijhoff, 2007, pp. 167–194. 908. HAFEZ, Kai. Menschenrechte im interkulturellen Dialog, 23.–24. April 1996 in Bonn. Orient, 38 i (1997) pp. 13–16. 909. HAGEMANN, Ludwig. „… Der Islam hat dort begonnen, wohin der Westen gelangt ist“ (E. Rabbath). Zum Verständnis der Menschenrechte im Islam. Asien, Afrika, Lateinamerika, 20 vi (1993) pp. 1113–1124. 910. HAKIM, Jacques El-. Les droits fondamentaux en droit pénal islamique. Les droits fondamentaux: inventaire et théorie générale. Ed. David Capitant, Pierre Gannagé, Selim Jahel, Elisabeth Baraduc. Centre d’études des droits du monde arabe, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2006, pp. 391–404. 911. HASHEMI, Kamran. Religious legal traditons, international human rights law and Muslim states. Leiden & Boston: Brill/Nijhoff, 2008. 286 pp. 912. HATTAB, Zoulikha. Droits et libertés fondamentaux en droit musulman: le paradoxe de l’universalité. Thèse de doctorat en droit public, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 2018. 740 pp. 913. HENNINGSSON, J. Contemporary understanding of human rights in Islam. Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies, 14 iii–iv (1995) pp. 84–104. 914. HIJMA, R. Geschiedenis van de grondrechten in de Islam. Recht van de Islam, 7 (1989) pp. 10–31. 915. HOFFMAN, Valerie J. Islam, non-Muslim minorities, and human rights in the Middle East. Making the new Middle East: politics, culture, and human rights. Ed. Valerie J. Hoffman. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2019, pp. 153–193.

Human Rights

93

916. HOFMANN, Murad W. Human rights and Islam. Encounters: Journal of Inter-Cultural Perspectives, 5 ii (1999) pp. 221–233. 917. Human rights in Islam. Report of a seminar held in Kuwait, December 1980. International Commission of Jurists, 1982. 95 pp. 918. HUSAIN, Showkat. Human rights in Islam: principles and precedents. Islamic & Comparative Law Quarterly, 3 (1983) pp. 103–128. 919. ISHAQUE, K.M. Human rights in Islamic law. Review of the International Commission of Jurists, 12 (1974) pp. 30–39. 920. ISMAIL, Shahrul Mizan. The dilemma of hudud and international human rights: proposing a benevolent mechanism. International Islamic University of Malaysia, 2006. 15 pp. 921. JABRI, Mohammad Abed al-. Democracy, human rights and law in Islamic thought. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009. 258 pp. 922. JAʿFARI, Mohammad Taqi. A comparison of human rights according to Islam and the West. Al-Tawhi, 15 iv (2000) pp. 39–65; 16 i (2000) pp. 142–173. 923. JAH, Omar & KASULE, Umar. Human rights in Islam: judicial rights, sanctions and penalties. Al-Shajarah, 8 i (2003) pp. 83–107. 924. JAH, Omar & KASULE, Umar. Human rights in Islam: judicial rights, sanctions and penalties. Al-Shajarah, 7 i (2002) pp. 1–25. 925. JOHNSTON, David L. Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah: epistemology and hermeneutics of Muslim theologies of human rights. Die Welt des Islams, 47 ii (2007) pp. 149–187. 926. KADIVAR, Mohsen. Gottes Recht und Menschenrechte: eine Kritik am historischen Islam. Freiburg & Basel & Wien: Herder, 2017. 192 pp. 927. KARTAL, Celalettin. Islam und Menschenrechte: Konturen des Konzepts vom Koran und der Scharia im Vergleich der UN-Konventionen. Kritische Justiz, 36 iv (2003) pp. 382–400.

94

Human Rights

928. KHADDURI, Majid. Human rights in Islam. Annals of the American Acad­ emy of Political and Social Science, 243 i (1946) pp. 77–81. 929. KRÄMER, Gudrun. Gottes Staat als Republik. Reflexionen zeitgenössi­ scher Muslime zu Islam, Menschenrechten und Demokratie. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1999. 362 pp. 930. KRIEGER, Mark. Menschenrechte in arabo-islamischen Staaten. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 1998. 396 pp. 931. KUHN-ZUBER, Gabriele. Die Universalität der Menschenrechte und der Islam. Sicherheit und Frieden/Security and Peace, 19 i (2001) pp. 11–17. 932. LAMPE, Gerald E. (ed.). Justice and human rights in Islamic law. Washington, DC: International Law Institute, 1997. 98 pp. 933. LOHLKER, Rüdiger. Schariʿa und Menschenrechte. Die islamische umma vor dem Anspruch der Gleichheitsnormen moderner Gesetzgebung. Religionen unterwegs, 2 (2004) pp. 4–10. 934. MAHMOUD, Mahgoub el-Tigani. Islamic law, human rights and international law: a critique of Mahmoud Taha and An-Naʿim (Part 1). Islamica, 2 iii (1996) pp. 31–42. 935. MAWDUDI, Abul Aʿla. Human rights in Islam. Lahore: Islamic Publications Ltd., 1977. 39 pp. 936. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. General remarks on human rights and Islam in the Middle East. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht VII. Islam und Menschenrechte/Islam and Human Rights. Ed. Hatem Elliesie. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2010, pp. 219–237. 937. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. The Islam and human rights nexus: shifting dimensions. Muslim World Journal of Human Rights, 4 i (2007) pp. 1–27. 938. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. Islamic law and human rights: equivocations and conundrums. Religion and human rights: competing claims? Ed. Carrie Gustafson, Peter Juviler. Abdingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 1999, pp. 177–198.

Human Rights

95

939. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. Religious reservations to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women: what do they really mean? Religious fundamentalisms and the human rights of women. Ed. C.W. Howland. Basingstoke: Macmillan; New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999, pp. 104–116. 940. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. Islamic reservations to human rights conventions: a critical assessment. Recht van de Islam, 15 (1998) pp. 25–45. 941. MAYER, A.E. The human rights jihad. The Islamism debate. Ed. M. Kramer. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1997 (Dayan Center Papers, 120), pp. 119–137. 942. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. Islam and human rights: tradition and politics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press 1991. 258 pp. 943. MEHRPOUR, Hossein. Islam and human rights. Iranian Journal of Inter­ national Affairs, 8 iv (1996–97) pp. 729–760. 944. MIDANI, Mohammed Amin Al-. La Déclaration universelle des Droits de l’Homme et le droit musulman. Lectures contemporaines du droit islamique. Europe et monde arabe. Ed. Franck Frégosi. Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires, 2004, pp. 153–186. 945. MIKUNDA FRANCO, Emilio. Derechos humanos y mundo islamico. Seville: Universidad de Sevilla, 2001. (Serie Derecho, 90). 285 pp. 946. MISBAH YAZDI, Muhammad Taqi. Human rights from the perspective of the West and from the perspective of Islam. Firmest Bond, 50–51 (ı993) pp. ı4–ı9. 947. MOHAQQEQ-DAMAD, Seyed Mostafa. Menschenrechte im Westen und im Islam. Gerechtigkeit in den internationalen und interreligiösen Beziehungen in islamischer und christlicher Perspektive. Referate— Anfragen—Gesprächsbeiträge. 1. Iranisch-Österreichische Konferenz Tehran, 25. bis 28. Februar 1996. Ed. Andreas Bsteh, Seyed A. Mirdamadi. Mödling: St.Gabriel, ı997, pp. ı7ı–ı95. 948. MONSHIPOURI, Mahmood (ed.). Human rights in the Middle East. Frame­ works, goals, and strategies. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2011. 272 pp.

96

Human Rights

949. MONSHIPOURI, Mahmood. Islamism, secularism, and human rights in the Middle East. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998. 259 pp. 950. MOOSA, Ebrahim. The dilemma of Islamic rights schemes. Journal of Law and Religion, 15 i–ii (2000–200ı) pp. 185–215. 951. MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. Islamic criminal law and human rights. Human rights law: international, Malaysian, and Islamic perspectives. Ed. Abdul Ghafur Hamid. Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: Thomson Reuters Malaysia, 2012, pp. 389–401. 952. MÜLLER, Lorenz. Islam und Menschenrechte: sunnitische Muslime zwi­ schen Islamismus, Säkularismus und Modernismus. Hamburg: Deutsches Orient-Institut, 1996. 361 pp. 953. MUSA, Abdul Samat. Human rights: an overview of Islamic dimensions. Islamiyyat, 15/1994 (ı996) pp. 49–69. 954. NAʿIM, Abdullahi Ahmed An-. Muslims and global justice. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010. 384 pp. 955. NAʿIM, Abdullahi A. an-. Islam, human rights and secularism: does it have to be a choice? ISIM Newsletter, 7 (200ı) p. 6. 956. NAʿIM, Abdullahi A. an-. & HENKIN, Louis. Islam and human rights: beyond the universality debate. American Society of International Law Proceedings, 94 (2000) pp. 95–101. 957. NAʿIM, Abdullahi Ahmed An-. Toward an Islamic reformation. Civil liberties, human rights and international law. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1990. 270 pp. 958. NAʿIM, Abdullahi Ahmed An-. Islam, Islamic law and the dilemma of cultural legitimacy for universal human rights. Asian perspectives on human rights. Ed. C.E. Welch, Jr., V.A. Leary. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990, pp. 31–54. 959. NAʿIM, Abdullahi Ahmed An-. Islamic law, international relations, and human rights: challenge and response. Cornell International Law Journal, 20 ii (1987) pp. 317–335.

Human Rights

97

960. NAIEM, Abdullahi Ahmed El. A modern approach to human rights in Islam: foundations and implications for Africa. Human rights and development in Africa. Ed. C. Welch, Jr., R. Meltzer. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1984, pp. 75–89. 961. NANDA, Ved P. Islam and international human rights law: selected aspects. American Society of International Law Proceedings, 87 (ı993) pp. 327–33ı. 962. NAWAZ, M.K. The concept of human rights in Islamic law. Howard Law Journal, 11 (1965) pp. 325–332. 963. OBA, Abdulmumini A. New Muslim perspectives in the human rights debate. Islam and international law. Engaging self-centrism from a plurality of perspectives. Ed. Marie-Louisa Frick, Andreas Th. Müller. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 215–243. 964. OH, Irene. The rights of God: Islam, human rights, and comparative ethics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2007. 168 pp. 965. O’SULLIVAN, D.P. Al-Islam: an alternative approach to the universal protection of human rights. Islamic Qııarterly, 41 ii (1997) pp. 130–153. 966. PATWARI, M.I. Human rights in Islamic law and international law: a comparison. Islamic & Comparative Law Quarterly, 10–11 (1990–1991) pp. 17–28. 967. PETERS, Rudolph. (In)compatibility of religion and human rights: the case of Islam. Human rights and the impact of religion. Ed. Johannes A. Van der Ven, Hans-Georg Ziebertz. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 75–96. Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 662–682. 968. PETERS, Ruud. Islamic law and human rights: a contribution to an ongoing debate. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 10 i (1999) pp. 5–14. Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 484–496. 969. PETERS, Ruud. Islamic law and human rights: a contribution to an ongoing debate. Recht van de Islam, 15 (1998) pp. 7–24.

98

Human Rights

970. PETERS, Rudolph. Islamitisch recht en mensenrechten: een bijdrage aan een voortdurend debat. Mensen, rechten, en islam. Ed. Katja Noordam, Roemer van Oordt, Coskun Cörüz. Amsterdam: Bulaaq, 1998, pp. 81–98. 971. PETERSOHN, Alexandra. Islamisches Menschenrechtsverständnis unter Berücksichtigung der Vorbehalte muslimischer Staaten zu den UNMenschenrechtsverträgen. Ph.D. dissertation, Rheinische FriedrichWilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1999. 304 pp. 972. PRUVOST Lucie. Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme en Islam et charte internationale des droits de l’homme. Islamochristiana, 9 (1983) pp. 141–159. 973. RIOSALIDO, J. Los musulmanes y la construcción europea, el islam y los derechos humanos: una visión histórica y actual. Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas, 35 (ı999) pp. 73–83. 974. ROBERTS, Glenn L. Islamic human rights and international law. Doctor of Jurisprudence dissertation, University of Houston Law Center, 2003. 126 pp. 975. ROHE, Mathias. On the foundations of human rights. Religious and secular approaches in the West and in Islam. Tensions within and between religions and human rights. Ed. Johannes A. van der Ven, Hans-Georg Ziebertz. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2012, pp. 67–93. 976. ROHE, Mathias. Islam und Menschenrechte. Konfliktlinien und Lösungs­­ ansätze. Interkultureller Dialog und Menschenrechte. Ed. Thomas Nawrath, Philipp W. Hildmann. Nordhausen: Verlag Traugott Bautz, 2010, pp. 141–168. 977. ROHE, Mathias. Islamisches Recht und Menschenrechte—eine Pro­ b­lemskizze. Menschen- und Bürgerrechte: Perspektive der Regionen. Arbeitspapier Nr. 7 des Zentralinstituts für Regionalforschung. Ed. Petra Bendel, Thomas Fischer. Erlangen: Zentralinstitut für Regionalforschung, 2004, pp. 439–456. 978. SACARCELIK, Osman & KOKEW, Stephan. Islam und Menschenrechte im aktuellen Diskurs. Die Welt des Islams, 51 ii (2011) pp. 235–247.

Human Rights

99

979. SACHEDINA, Abdulaziz. Islam and the challenge of human rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 258 pp. 980. SAEED, Abdullah. Human rights and Islam. An introduction to key debates between Islamic law and international human rights law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018. 275 pp. 981. SAEED, Abdullah. Islam and human rights: contentious rights and case studies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2012. 650 pp. 982. SAFI, Louay M. Towards an Islamic tradition of human rights. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 18 i (2001) pp. ı6–42. 983. SAIF, Walid. Human rights and Islamic revivalism. Islam and ChristianMııslim Relations, 5 i (ı994) pp. 57–65. 984. SAIF, Walid. Menschenrechte und Re-islamisierung. CIBEDO: Beiträge zum Gespräch zwischen Christen ıınd Muslimen, 8 iii (1994) pp. 102–112. 985. SAWAD, Ahmed Ali. Reservations to human rights treaties and the diversity paradigm: examining Islamic reservations. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Otago, Dunedin (New Zealand), 2008. 536 pp. 986. SAYED, Dima El. Arabs & Human Rights. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 15 (2011) pp. 95–114. 987. SAYYID, Riḍwān al-. Contemporary Muslim thought and human rights. Islamochristiana, 21 (1995) pp. 27–41. 988. SCHIRRMACHER, Christine & SPULER-STEGEMANN, Ursula. Frauen und die Scharia: Die Menschenrechte im Islam. München: Goldmann, 2006. 316 pp. 989. SCHMALE, Wolfgang & ALDEEB ABU SAHLIEH, Sami A. Human rights and cultural diversity: Europe, Arabic-Islamic world, Africa, China. Goldbach: Keip, 1993. 348 pp. 990. SCHOLZ, Peter. Ordre public, Menschenrechte und Scharia. Beiträge zum islamischen Recht VII: Islam und Menschenrechte. Ed. Hatem Elliesie. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2010, pp. 477–498.

100

Human Rights

991.

SHEHA, Abdul-Rahman al-. Human rights in Islam and common misconceptions. Islamabad: Islam Books, 1988. 147 pp.

992.

SIDDIQUI, Omar. Relativism vs. universalism: Islam and the human rights debate. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 18 i (2001) pp. 59–95.

993.

SIMADER, Elisabeth. Der Scharia-Vorbehalt in menschenrechtlichen Verträgen der Vereinten Nationen. Berlin etc.: Peter Lang, 2019. 437 pp.

994.

STRAWSON, J. A Western question to the Middle East: “Is there a human rights discourse in Islam?” Arab Studies Quarterly, 19 i (1997) pp. 31–58.

995.

TABANDAH, Sultan Husayn. A Muslim commentary on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. London: F.J. Goulding, 1970. 96 pp.

996.

TAHIR, Mahmood. Islamic law on human rights. Islamic & Comparative Law Quarterly, 4 (1984) pp. 32–44.

997.

TEHRANI, Maryam Moazezi Zadeh. Women’s rights in Islam and current discourse of international human rights law. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hull, 2007. 329 pp.

998.

TIBI, Bassam. Human rights in Islamic civilisation and in the West: international morality as a cross-cultural foundation. The West and Islam: towards a dialogue. Ed. Zeynep Durukal Abuhusayn, Muhammad Isa Waley. Istanbul: Organisation of the Islamic Conference, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA), 1999, pp. 47–59.

999.

TIBI, Bassam. Islamic law/Shariʿa, human rights, universal morality and international relations. Human Rights Quarterly, 16 (1994) pp. 277–299.

1000. TIBI, Bassam. Im Schatten Allahs: der Islam und die Menschenrechte. München: Piper, 1994. 406 pp. 1001.

TIBI, Bassam. Islamic law/Shariʿa and human rights: international law and international relations. Islamic law reform and human rights: challenges and rejoinders. Proceedings of the Seminar on Human Rights and the Modern Application of Islamic Law, Oslo 14–15 February 1992. Ed.

101

Ijtihād

T. Lindholm, K. Vogt. Copenhagen: Nordic Human Rights Publications, 1993, pp. 75–96. 1002. TOULAT, Pierre. Témoignage: Musulmans et Chrétiens provoqués par les Droits de l’Homme (Tunis-Cartage, 24–29.5.1982). Islamochristiana, 9 (1983) pp. 175–179. 1003. VERMA, Jag Mohan Singh. Human rights and Islam. Indian Muslims: precepts & practices. Ed. Noor Mohammad. Jaipur: Rawat, 1999, pp. 82–93. 1004. WAŻYŃSKA-FINCK, Katarzyna. The right to change one’s religion according to article 18 of ICCPR and the universality of human rights. Journal of Islamic State Practices in International Law, 9 i (2013) pp. 36–59. 1005. WITTINGER, Michaela. Christentum, Islam, Recht und Menschenrechte. Spannungsfelder und Lösungen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissen­ schaften, 2008. 86 pp. 1006. YACHKASCHI, Ali. Die Idee der Menschenrechte—ein Privileg der westlich-christlichen Kultur? Spektrum Iran, 11 ii (1998) pp. 43–60.

Ijtihād 1007. BANTEKAS, Elias. The disunity of Islamic criminal law and the modern role of ijtihad. International Criminal Law Review, 9 iv (2009) pp. 651–665.

Intellectual Property Rights 1008. AZMI, Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani. The philosophy of intellectual property rights over the ideas in cyberspace: a comparative analysis between the Western jurisprudence and the shariʿah. Arab Law Quarterly, 19 i–iv (2004) pp. 191–208. 1009. BIALY, Nora El- & GOUDA, Moamen. Can Shariʿa be a deterrent for intellectual property piracy in Islamic countries? The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 14 vi (2011) pp. 441–466.

102

Intellectual Property Rights

1010.

BIALY, Nora El- & GOUDA, Moamen. Enforcing IPR through informal institutions: the possible role of religion in fighting software piracy. Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics, no. 20. Philipps-Universität Marburg etc., 2011. 49 pp. [online].

1011.

ELMAHJUB, Ezieddin. An Islamic perspective on the theories of intellectual property. Copyright perspectives. Past, present and prospect. Ed. Brian Fitzgerald, John Gilchrist. Cham etc.: Springer, 2015, pp. 51–84.

1012.

ELMAHJUB, Ezieddin. Foundations of moral rights in Islamic sources and history of authorship in Islamic civilisation. IIUM Law Journal, 22 ii (2014) pp. 137–164.

1013.

ISHOLA, Abdullahi Saliu & SOLAHUDEEN, Isa Olawale & AKANGBE, Ibrahim. Intellectual property rights for innovations on the internet: the Islamic law requisites. Arab Law Quarterly, 32 iv (2018) pp. 517–530.

1014.

LOUTFI, Mohamed Hossam. The protection of intellectual property rights: the views of the Pharos [sic], Islamic jurisprudents, and masters of poetry and literature. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht III. Ed. Hans-Georg Ebert, Thoralf Hanstein. Frankfurt a.M.: Lang, 2003, pp. 205–222.

1015.

MAHAFZAH, Qais Ali & MELHEM, Basem M. & HALOOSH, Hitham A. The perspective of moral and financial rights of intellectual property in Islam. Arab Law Quarterly, 23 iv (2009) pp. 457–468.

1016.

MALKAWI, Bashar H. The alliance between Islamic law and intellectual property: structure and practice. University of St. Thomas Law Journal, 10 iii (2013) pp. 618–649.

1017.

MALKAWI, Bashar H. Intellectual property protection from a sharia perspective. Southern Cross University Law Review, 16 (2013) pp. 87–121.

1018.

MILANI, Alireza. The legitimacy of intellectual property rights: the light of Islamic law (Sunni and Shia fiqh). Sri Lankan Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 1 ii (2018) pp. 1–19.

1019.

NASER, M.A. & MUHAISEN, W.H. Shari’a: intellectual theft or intellectual infringement? Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 4 i (2009) pp. 71–74.

103

Intent

1020. NASER, M.A. & MUHAISEN, W.H. Intellectual property: an Islamic perspective. Journal of the Copyright Society of the USA, 56 ii–iii (2009) pp. 571–588. 1021.

NASER, M.A. & MUHAISEN, W.H. Intellectual property infringement as Islamic criminal offences in the new millenium. Journal of Islamic State Practices in International Law, 4 ii (2008) pp. 33–39.

1022.

NIAZI, Samia Maqbool. The justification of intellectual property rights in Islamic law. Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 4 xi (2016) pp. 62–75.

1023.

NIAZI, Samia Maqbool. The nature of property, its valuation and intellectual property rights in Islamic law. Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture, 4 i (2016) pp. 69–76.

1024.

NIAZI, Samia Maqbool. Superficial approach of Muslim scholars to intellectual property rights. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research (PJIR), 13 (2014) pp. 51–70.

Intent 1025.

POWERS, Paul Richard. Intent in Islamic law: motive and meaning in medieval Sunni Fiqh. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2006. 236 pp.

1026.

POWERS, Paul Richard. Intentionality in medieval Islamic law. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Chicago, 2001. 267 pp.

1027.

ROSEN, Lawrence. Intentionality and the concept of the person. Criminal Justice. Ed. J.R. Pennock, J.W. Chapman. New York: New York University Press, 1985, pp. 52–77.

International Islamic Criminal Law 1028.

ALI, Shaheen Sardar & HEER, Satwant Kaur. What is the measure of ‘universality’? Critical reflections on ‘Islamic’ criminal law and Muslim state practice vis-à-vis the Rome statute and the International Criminal Court. Islam and international criminal law and justice. Ed. Tallyn Gray. Brussels: Torkel Opsahl Academic Epublishers, 2018, pp. 175–199.

104 1029.

International Islamic Criminal Law

BADAR, Mohamed Elewa. Is there a place for Islamic law within the applicable law of the International Criminal Court? Islam and international criminal law and justice. Ed. Tallyn Gray. Brussels: Torkel Opsahl Academic Epublishers, 2018, pp. 201–232.

1030. BADAR, M.E. Islamic law (Shariʿa) and the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. Leiden Journal of International Law, 24 ii (2011) pp. 411–433. 1031.

BEHAM, Markus P. Islamic law and international criminal law. Islam and international law. Engaging self-centrism from a plurality of perspectives. Ed. Marie-Louisa Frick, Andreas Th. Müller. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 347–366.

1032.

CERNUSCA, Matthias. Islamic criminal procedure and the principle of complementarity of the International Criminal Court. Islam and international law. Engaging self-centrism from a plurality of perspectives. Ed. Marie-Louisa Frick, Andreas Th. Müller. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 367–389.

1033.

GRAY, Tallyn (ed.). Islam and international criminal law and justice. Brussels: Torkel Opsahl Academic Epublishers 2018. 243 pp.

1034.

KELLY, Michael J. Islam & international criminal law: a brief (in)compatibility study. Pace International Law Review Online Companion, 1 viii (2010) pp. 3–31.

1035.

KELLY, Michael J. Islam and international criminal law: a brief (in)compatibility study. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 14 (2008) pp. 3–25.

1036.

KHAN, Siraj. Arab and Islamic states’ practice: the Shariʿa clause and its effects on the implementation of the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court. Islam and international criminal law and justice. Ed. Tallyn Gray. Brussels: Torkel Opsahl Academic Epublishers, 2018, pp. 145–173.

1037.

LAMBERT-ABDELGAWAD, Élisabeth. Les pays d’islam. Juridictions nationales et crimes internationaux. Ed. Antonio Cassese, Mireille Delmas-Marty. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2002, pp. 521–552.

Legality

105

1038.

MAGED, Adel. Arab and Islamic shariʿa perspectives on the current system of international criminal justice. International Criminal Law Review 2008, 8 iii (2008) pp. 477–507.

1039.

MALEKIAN, Farhad. Corpus iuris of Islamic international criminal justice. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017. 747 pp.

1040. MALEKIAN, Farhad. Principles of Islamic international criminal law, a comparative search. Leiden & Boston: Brill/Nijhoff, 2011. 412 pp. 1041.

MALEKIAN, Farhad. The homogeneity of International Criminal Court with Islamic jurisprudence. International Criminal Law Review, 9 iv (2009) pp. 595–621.

1042.

MALEKIAN, Farhad. The concept of Islamic international criminal law: a comparative study. London & Dordrecht & Boston: Graham & Trotman/Martinus Nijhoff, 1994. 213 pp.

1043.

NASSAR, Ahmad E. The International Criminal Court and the applicability of international jurisdiction under Islamic law. Islam and globalization: critical concepts in Islamic studies. Ed. Shahram Akbarzadeh. London: Routledge, 2006, vol. 4, pp. 1–10.

1044.

NASSAR, Ahmad E. The International Criminal Court and the applicability of international jurisdiction under Islamic law. Chicago Journal of International Law, 4 ii (2003) pp. 587–607.

1045.

POWELL, Emilia Justyna. Islamic law states and the International Court of Justice. Journal of Peace Research, 50 ii (2013) pp. 203–217.

Legality 1046. JAOUHAR, Mohamed. Essai d’une analyse critique de la légalité criminelle en droit pénal islamique. Thèse de doctorat d’État, Toulouse 1, 1986. 513 pp. 1047.

KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. The right to personal safety (ḥaqq al-amn) and the principle of legality in Islamic Sharīʿa. Criminal

106

Legal Maxims

justice in Islam: judicial procedure in the Sharīʿa. Ed. Muhammad Abdel Haleem, Adel Omar Sherif, Kate Daniels. London: I.B. Tauris, 2003, pp. 57–96. 1048.

KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. The right to personal safety and the principle of legality in the Shariʿah. Islamic Studies, 39 ii (2000) pp. 249–289.

1049. KAMEL, Taymour. The principle of legality and its application in Islamic criminal justice. The Islamic criminal justice system. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. New York: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 149–169. 1050. KAMEL, Taimour Mostafa. Trois conceptions de la légalité pénale: juridique, politique, éthique. Analyse des systèmes français, soviétique et musulman. Thèse de doctorat d’État en droit pénal, Université de Bordeaux 1, 1980. 553 pp. 1051.

MUNIR, Muhammad. The principle of legality in Islamic criminal justice system. Hazara Islamicus, 7 i (2018) pp. 107–120.

1052.

MUNIR, Mohammad. The principle of nulla poena sine lege in Islamic law and contemporary Western jurisprudence. Annual Journal of the International Islamic University Islamabad, 12 (2004) pp. 39–59.

Legal Maxims 1053.

ZAKARIYAH, Luqman. Legal maxims in Islamic criminal law: theory and applications. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2015. 247 pp.

1054.

ZAKARIYAH, Luqman. Beyond textuality in Islamic legal exegesis: intertextuality and hypertextuality for codifying legal maxims of Islamic criminal law. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 31 iv (2014) pp. 50–72.

1055.

ZAKARIYAH, Luqman. Textuality as a linguistic mechanism for codi­ fying legal maxims in Islamic criminal law. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 30 i (2013) pp. 22–47.

1056.

ZAKARIYAH, Luqman. Islamic legal maxims for attainment of maqasid ash-shariʿah in criminal law: reflections on the implications for Muslim

Legal Transfer

107

women in the tension between shariʿah and Western law. Women in Islam: reflections on historical and contemporary research. Ed. Terence Lovat. New York: Springer, 2012, pp. 117–134. 1057.

ZAKARIYAH, Luqman. Custom and society in Islamic criminal law: a critical appraisal of the maxim ‘al-ādah muḥakkamah’ (custom is authoritative) and its sisters in Islamic legal procedures. Arab Law Quarterly, 26 i (2012) pp. 75–97.

Legal Transfer 1058.

TELLENBACH, S. Gesetze auf Wanderung—Zum Strafrecht in der muslimischen Welt. Rechtstransfer—Beiträge zum islamischen Recht VIII. Ed. M. Heckel. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2011, pp. 47–59.

Legal Uncertainties, Shubha, Doubt 1059.

AHMAD, Mushtaq & MANAN, Abdul. The nullification of hadd of theft by a doubt (with reference to the right of the accused). Pharos: Research Journal of the Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Peshawar, 3 xiv (1997) pp. 73–90.

1060. FIERRO, Maribel. “Idra‌ʾū l-ḥudūd ʿinda l-shubuhāt”: when lawful violence meets doubt. Hawwa, 5 ii–iii (2007) pp. 208–238. 1061.

HUSSIN, Nasimah & ZAWAWI, Majdah. The application of the rule of “avoiding hudud to shubhah” as a mechanism for ensuring justice in the determination of punishments in Islamic criminal law. Proceedings of the international seminar on Islamic jurisprudence in contemporary society held on 30 November–1 December 2013 in Kuala Terengganu. Ed. Mohd. Safri Ali et al. Kuala Terengganu: Fakulti Pengajian Kontemporari Islam, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 2013, Paper 62, pp. 961–972.

1062.

RABB, Intisar A. Doubt in Islamic law. A history of legal maxims, interpretation, and Islamic criminal law. New York: Cambridge University Press: 2015. 432 pp.

1063.

RABB, Intisar A. “Reasonable doubt” in Islamic law. The Yale Journal of International Law, 40 i (2015) pp. 41–94.

108

Liʿān

1064. RABB, Intisar A. The Islamic rule of lenity: judicial discretion and legal canons. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 44 v (2011) pp. 1299–1351. 1065.

RABB, Intisar A. Islamic legal maxims as substantive canons of construction: ḥudūd-avoidance in cases of doubt. Islamic Law and Society, 17 i (2010) pp. 63–125.

1066. RABB, Intisar. Doubt’s benefit: legal maxims in Islamic law, 7th–16th centuries. Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 2009. 1067.

SADEGHI, Hossein Mir Mohammad. Filling the gap in favour of the accused: the approach of Islamic criminal law in light of the rule no punishment in case of doubt. Tulane European & Civil Law Forum, 29 (2014) pp. 147–156.

Liʿān 1068. ALSOUFI, Rana. Suspecting infidelity in Islamic law: the case of liʿān. Ehre in Familie, Recht und Religion. Juristische, theologische und anthropologische Perspektiven. Ed. Andreas Eicker, Stephanie Klein. Bern: Stämpfli Verlag, 2018, pp. 125–133. 1069. SHABANA, Ayman. Negation of paternity in Islamic law between liʿān and DNA fingerprinting. Islamic Law and Society, 20 (2013) pp. 156–201. 1070.

YILMAZ, İbrahim. Denial of paternity with DNA fingerprint test in Islāmic family law. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi—Cumhuriyet Theology Journal, 21 ii (2017) pp. 851–882.

Maliki Criminal Law 1071.

ANDERSON, J.N.D. The Maliki law of homicide. Zaria, Nigeria: Gaskiya Corporation, 1959. 14 pp.

1072.

ARCAS CAMPOY, María. Casuística sobre el perdón del talión en el Muntajab al-aḥkām de Ibn Abī Zamanīn. Al-Qanṭara: Revista de Estudios Arabes, 26 ii (2005) pp. 387–403.

Maliki Criminal Law

109

1073.

ARCAS CAMPOY, María. “Diyat al-lisan”: un capítulo de la “Mudawwana” sobre las lesiones en la lengua. Revista de Filologia de la Universidad de La Laguna, 17 (1999) pp. 85–92.

1074.

ARCAS CAMPOY, María. Las bebidas alcohólicas en el derecho malikí. Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas, 31 (1995) pp. 269–277.

1075.

ARCAS CAMPOY, María. Consumo y penalización de las bebidas alcohólicas en los Qawānīn de lbn Ŷuzayy. Al-Andalus-Magreb, 3 i (1995) pp. 115–126.

1076.

ARCAS CAMPOY, María. La penalización de las injurias en el derecho mālikí. Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas, 30 (1994) pp. 209–217.

1077.

ARÉVALO, Rafael. Derecho penal islámico: escuela malekita. Tanger: Alta Comisaría de España en Marruecos, Delegación de Asuntos Indígenas, Centro de Estudios Marroquíes, 1939. 188 pp.

1078.

ASENJO SEDANO, Carlos. Un tratado de hisba o almotacenía para una ciudad mudéjar. Año 1495. Revista del Centro de Estudios Históricos de Granada y su Reino (Secunda Época), 8 (1994) pp. 67–93.

1079.

AZAM, Hina. Sexual violence in Mālikī legal ideology: from discursive foundations to classical articulation. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, 2007. 301 pp.

1080. BERCHER, Léon. L’apostasie, le blasphème et la rébellion en droit musulman malékite. Revue Tunisienne, 30 (1923) pp. 115–130. 1081.

CLÉMENT, François. Tableaux d’anatomie judiciaire: législation du talion en Occident musulman et autres atteintes légales à l’intégrité physique du corps. Annales Islamologiques/Ḥawlīyāt Islāmīyah, 48 i (2014) pp. 263–278.

1082.

D’EMILIA, Antonio. Il kitāb al-ġaṣb nella mudawwanah di Saḥnūn. Rivista degli studi orientali, 28 i/iv (1953) pp. 79–98.

1083.

EGGEN, Nora S. Al-qadi ʿIyad’s defence of the prophet and of scholarly tradition: al-Shifāʾ. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy

110

Maliki Criminal Law

and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 53–73. 1084.

EICH, Thomas. Induced miscarriage in early Mālikī and Ḥanafī fiqh. Islamic Law and Society, 16 iii/iv (2009) pp. 302–336.

1085.

FADEL, Mohammad. Adjudication in the Mālikī madhhab: a study of legal process in medieval Islamic law. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1995.

1086. HERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ, Adday. La compraventa de vino entre musulmanes y cristianos ḏimmíes a través de textos jurídicos mālikíes del Occidente islámico medieval. The legal status of ḏimmī-s in the Islamic West (second/eighth–ninth/fifteenth centuries). Ed. Maribel Fierro, John Tolan. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013, pp. 243–274. 1087.

KHALĪL IBN ISḤĀK AL JUNDĪ. Maliki Law; being a summary from French translations of the Mukhtaṣar of Sîdî Khalîl: with notes and bibliography by F.H. Ruxton. London: Luzac & Co., 1916. [Reprinted: Westport, CT: Hyperion, 1980. 420 pp.]

1088. KHALÎL IBN ISHÂK. Précis de jurisprudence musulmane ou principes de législation musulmane civile et religieuse selon le rite mâlékite. 6 vols. Traduit de l’Arabe par M. Perron. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1848–1854. 1089. MENDILUCE, M. de. El testigo y el juramento en el derecho musulmán según sidi Jalil. Melilla: El Telegrama del Rif, 1917. 1090. PESLE, Octave. La judicature, la procédure, les preuves dans l’Islam malékite. Casablanca: Impr. réunies de la “Vigie marocaine” et du “Petit marocain”, 1942. 159 pp. 1091.

PESLE, Octave. Le serment dans le droit musulman (rite malékite). Renseignements Coloniaux—Bulletin du Comité de L’Afrique Française, 4 (1931) pp. 221–227.

1092.

POWERS, David S. From Almohadism to Mālikism: the case of al-Haskūrī, the mocking jurist, ca. 712–716/1312–1316. Law, society and culture in the Maghrib, 1300–1500. Ed. David S. Powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. 53–94.

Maliki Criminal Law

1093.

111

SANSONE, Luigi. Diritto penale e processuale Mussulmano da Sidi Khalil (testo e note). Napoli: Angelo Trani, 1913. 137 pp.

1094. SANTILLANA, David. Il “Muḫtaṣar” o sommario del diritto malechita di Ḫalīl ibn Iṣhāq. Volume 2: Diritto civile, penale e giudiziario. Milano: U. Hoepli, 1919. 871 pp. 1095.

SCHOLZ, Peter. Fortbildung der Scharia am Beispiel des malikitischen Verfahrensrechts. Der Islam, 76 (1999) pp. 88–138.

1096. SCHOLZ, Peter. Legal practice in the Malikite law of procedure. Al-Qanṭara: Revista de Estudios Arabes, 20 ii (1999) pp. 417–435. 1097.

SCHOLZ, Peter. Malikitisches Verfahrensrecht. Eine Studie zu Inhalt und Methodik der Scharia mit rechtshistorischen und rechtsvergleichenden Anmerkungen am Beispiel des malikitischen Verfahrensrechts bis zum 12. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 1997. 598 pp.

1098. SEIGNETTE, N. & BERCHER, Léon. Droit pénal musulman. Addenda et corrigenda à la traduction du code musulman de Khalil. Revue Algérienne, part 1 (1927) pp. 41–48. 1099. SERRANO, Delfina. Claim (daʿwā) or complaint (shakwā)? Ibn Ḥazm’s and Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ’s doctrines on accusations of rape. Ibn Ḥazm of Cordoba. The life and works of a controversial thinker. Ed. Camilla Adang, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 179–203. 1100.

SERRANO, Delfina. Rape in Maliki legal doctrine and practice (8th– 15th centuries CE). HAWWA, 5 ii–iii (2007) pp. 166–207.

1101.

SERRANO RUANO, Delfina. Doctrina legal islámica sobre el delito de violación: Escuela Mâlikí (ss. VII–XV). Mujeres y sociedad islámica: una visión plural. Ed. M. Calero. Málaga: Universidad de Málaga, 2006, pp. 145–172.

1102.

SERRANO RUANO, Delfina. La lapidación como castigo de las relaciones sexuales no legales (zinā) en el seno de la escuela Mālikī: doctrina, práctica legal y actitudes inviduales frente al delito (ss. XI y XII). Al-Qanṭara, 26 ii (2005) pp. 449–473.

112

Maẓālim

1103.

SERRANO, Delfina. La violación en derecho mâlikí: doctrina y práctica a partir de tres fetuas de los siglos X a XII d. C. Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez, 33 i (2003) pp. 125–148.

1104.

VINCENT, M.B. Études sur la loi musulmane (rit de Malek): législation criminelle. Paris: Joubert, Librairie de la Cour de Cassation, 1842. 127 pp.

Maẓālim 1105.

DIOUMA, Bah Mamadou. Mazalim tribunals between executive power of the Sultan and the legal authority of the qadi: a quest for judicial independence in Islamic law. M.A. thesis, International Islamic University Malaysia, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 2002. 93 pp.

1106.

TILLIER, Mathieu. The maẓālim in historiography. The Oxford Hand­ book of Islamic Law. Ed. Anver M. Emon, Rumee Ahmed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 357–383.

Mens Rea 1107.

AHADI, Fatemeh. Re-visiting the concept of mens rea: challenging the common approaches employed under Islamic jurisprudence and statute law. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 iv (2016), pp. 1–8.

1108.

AHADI, Fatemeh. Re-formulating the observable inadequacy of the prevalent approaches followed by Islamic jurisprudence and statute law in dealing with mens rea. The Journal of Criminal Law, 80 iv (2016) pp. 254–263.

1109.

BADAR, Mohamed Elewa. The concept of mens rea in international criminal law. Oxford & Portland: Hart Publishing, 2013. 540 pp. [See chapter 7, pp. 198–230.]

Necessity

113

Necessity 1110.

CANDLISH, John. ‘Necessity’ in criminal and medical jurisprudence: a comparison of common law and Islamic law concepts. IIUM Law Journal, 15 ii (2007) pp. 197–214.

1111.

LEE, Dana Elizabeth. At the limits of law: necessity in Islamic legal history, second/eighth through tenth/sixteenth centuries. Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 2019.

1112.

MUTAIRI, Mansour Z. Al-. Necessity in Islamic law. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Edinburgh, 1997. 273 pp.

Piracy 1113.

KHALILIEH, Hassan S. Islamic law of the sea. Freedom of navigation and passage rights in Islamic thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 283 pp.

1114.

KHALILIEH, Hassan S. Perception of piracy in Islamic Shariʿa. Jews, Christians, and Muslims in medieval and early modern times: a festschrift in honor of Mark R. Cohen. Ed. Arnold Franklin et al. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2014, pp. 225–247.

1115.

KHALILIEH, Hassan S. Islamic maritime law: an introduction. Leiden etc.: Brill, 1998. 202 pp. [See chapter 6 “Disciplinary laws”, pp. 149–161.]

Police, Policing 1116.

BEHRNAUER, W. Mémoire sur les institutions de police chez les Arabes, les Persans et les Turcs. Journal Asiatique, 15 (1860) pp. 461– 508; 16 (1860) pp. 114–190; pp. 347–392; 17 (1861) pp. 5–76.

1117.

LE TOURNEAU, Roger. Policing. Judicial practice: institutions and agents in the Islamic world. Ed. Boğaç A. Ergene. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2009, pp. 269–289.

114 1118.

Political Crime

TÖTTEL, Ursula. Konferenzbericht—Polizistinnen in islamischen Staaten—Eindrücke von der „Islamic Police Women Conference“. Kriminalistik: unabhängige Zeitschrift für die kriminalistische Wissen­ schaft und Praxis, 67 xi (2013) pp. 695–699.

Political Crime 1119.

ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. Political crime in Islamic jurisprudence and Western legal history. Journal of International Law and Policy, 4 i (1998) pp. 1–28.

Prevention 1120.

ALHASAN, Ahmad Diya Eddin. The role of Islamic education in crime prevention. The Islamic Quarterly, 49 i (2005) pp. 35–63.

1121.

AUGI, M. El-. L’Islam et la prévention du crime. Revue Internationale de Droit Pénale, 49 ii (1978) pp. 663–665.

1122.

BALOCH, Ghulam Haider. Worship in Islam and its influence on crime prevention. University of Sindh Arts Research Journal, 31 (1996) pp. 91–97.

1123.

KATTAN, Sheikh Mann al-Khalil Al-. Effect of religion against crime. The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia, Proceedings of the symposium held in Ryadh 16–21 Shawal (9–13 October 1976). Rome: Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1980, pp. 193–255.

1124.

KHALIFAH, Abdullah H.H. Al-. Religiosity in Islam as as protective mechanism against criminal temptation. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 11 (1994) pp. 1–13.

1125.

KUSHA, H.R. Islamic law: revisiting the Islamic Shariah law in deterring criminality. Crime & Justice International, 14 xv (1998) pp. 9–10.

1126.

MUSLEHUDDIN, Mohammad. Crime and the Islamic doctrine of preventive measures. Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute, 1985. 75 pp.

Prisons, Imprisonment, Prisoners

115

1127.

QUTB, Mohammad. Influence of Islamic education on crime prevention. The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the symposium held in Ryadh 16–21 Shawal (9–13 October 1976). Rome: Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1980, pp. 299–340.

1128.

RASHEED, Nasser Ibn Hamad al-. Influence of the Quranic teaching “To enjoin the good and refrain from the evil deeds” on crime prevention. The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the symposium held in Ryadh 16–21 Shawal (9–13 October 1976). Rome: Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1980, pp. 259–295.

Prisons, Imprisonment, Prisoners 1129.

ABUGDH, Hassan Abdul Ghani. Rights of the prisoner in Islamic fiqh. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 96 (2012–2013) pp. 10–15.

1130.

ANTHONY, Sean. The domestic origins of imprisonment: an inquiry into an early Islamic institution. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 129 iv (2009) pp. 571–596.

1131.

HENTATI, Nejmeddine. La prison en occident musulman medieval. Arabica, 54 ii (2007) pp. 149–188.

1132.

JOFAN, Nasir al-. Compensation for imprisonment—a comparative study. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah al-Muʿāṣirah, 61 (2003–2004) pp. 24–26.

1133.

ROSENTHAL, Franz. The Muslim concept of freedom prior to the nineteenth century. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1960. 133 pp.

1134.

SCHNEIDER, Irene. Imprisonment in pre-classical and classical Islamic law. Islamic Law and Society, 2 ii (1995) pp. 157–173.

116

Proof, Evidence, Testimony, Procedure

Proof, Evidence, Testimony, Procedure 1135.

ABAGNARA, Vincenzo. Il diritto e la procedura penale nell’Islam. Salerno: Edi Sud, 1997. 224 pp.

1136.

ABBAS, Alhaji Sadik. The oath in the procedure of Shariʿa tribunals. Journal of the Centre of Islamic Legal Studies, 1 i (n.d.) pp. 30–32.

1137.

ABDEL HALEEM, M. & SHERIF, Adel Omar & DANIELS, Kate (eds.). Criminal justice in Islam: judicial procedure in the Sharīʿa. London: I.B.Tauris, 2000. 256 pp.

1138.

ABUALFARAJ, Maha. Evidence in Islamic law: reforming the Islamic evidence law based on the federal rules of evidence. Journal of Islamic Law and Culture, 13 ii–iii (2011) pp. 140–165.

1139.

AḤMAD, Ibrāhīm Muḥammad Ibrāhīm. The testimony of witnesses and its role in Islamic criminal jurisprudence. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Edinburgh, 1994. 541 pp.

1140.

AHMAD, Nehaluddin. Comment women’s testimony in Islamic law and misconceptions: a critical analysis. Religion & Human Rights, 6 (2011) pp. 13–23.

1141.

AHMAD, Rashid. Testimony: first source of proof of right or crime. Al-Īḍāḥ Biannual Research Journal, 23 (2011) pp. 28–43.

1142.

ʿALWANI, Taha J. Al- The testimony of women in Islamic law. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 13 ii (1996) pp. 173–119.

1143.

ALWANI, Taha Jabir Al-. The rights of the accused in Islam. Arab Law Quarterly, 10 i (1995) pp. 3–16. [First published as: AL-ALWANI, Taha Jabir. The rights of the accused in Islam (Part One). The American Journal of Social Science, 11 iii (1994) pp. 348–364.]

1144.

ALWANI, Taha Jabir Al-. The rights of the accused in Islam. Arab Law Quarterly, 10 iii (1995) pp. 238–249. [First published as: AL-ALWANI, Taha Jabir. The rights of the accused in Islam (Part Two). The American Journal of Social Science, 11 iv (1994) pp. 504–518.]

Proof, Evidence, Testimony, Procedure

117

1145.

ANWARULLAH. Principles of evidence in Islam. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A.S. Noordeen, 2004. 159 pp.

1146.

ANWARULLAH. Islamic law of evidence. Brunei: Islamic Da’wah Centre, Ministry of Religious Affairs, 2004. 192 pp.

1147.

ANWARULLAH. The Islamic law of evidence. New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, 2000. 104 pp.

1148.

ATTIA, Gamal El Din. The right to a fair trial in Islamic countries. The right to a fair trial. Ed. David Weissbrodt, Rüdiger Wolfrum. Berlin & New York: Springer, 1997, pp. 343–371.

1149.

AWA. Mohamed Selim El-. Confession and other methods of evidence in Islamic procedural jurisprudence. Criminal justice in Islam: judicial procedure in the shariʿa. Ed. Muhammad Abdel Haleem, Adel Omar Sherif, Date Daniels, London & New York: I.B.Tauris, 2003, pp. 111–129.

1150.

AWAD, Awad M. The rights of the accused under Islamic criminal procedure. The Islamic criminal justice system. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. New York: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 91–107.

1151.

AZAM, Hina. The exclusion of women’s testimony in the ḥudūd: toward rethinking. A jihad for justice. Honoring the work and life of Amina Wadud. Ed. Kecia Ali, Juliane Hammer, Laury Silvers. N.p.: 48HrBooks, 2012, pp. 135–147.

1152.

BADAWY, Tarek. Towards a contemporary view of Islamic criminal procedures: a focus on the testimony of witnesses. Arab Law Quarterly, 23 (2009) pp. 269–305.

1153.

BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. Islam: concept, law and world habeas corpus. Rutgers-Camden Law Journal, 1 (1969) pp. 169–201.

1154.

BECHOR, Guy. God in the courtroom. The transformation of courtroom oath and perjury between Islamic and Franco-Egyptian Law. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2012. 412 pp.

118

Proof, Evidence, Testimony, Procedure

1155.

BERRI, Zakaria El-. Prestation de serment comme processus d’instruction des crimes d’homicide dans la législation islamique. Revue Internationale de Droit Pénal, 46 iii–iv (1975) pp. 373–384.

1156.

BIN MOHAMAD, Mohd. Nasran. Islamic law of evidence in confession (iqrār): definitions and conditions. Islāmiyyāt, 15 (1994) pp. 71–88.

1157.

BRUNSCHVIG, Robert. Le système de la preuve en droit musulman. La preuve. Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin pour l’histoire comparative des institutions. Bruxelles: Société Jean Bodin pour l’histoire comparative des institutions, 1964, vol. 18, pp. 169–186. [Republished in BRUNSCHVIG, Robert. Études d’Islamologie. Avant-propos et bibliographie de l’auteur par Abdel Magid Turki. Paris: G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1976, vol. II, pp. 201–218.]

1158.

CAHEN, Claude. A propos des shuhud. Studia Islamica, 31 (1970) pp. 71–79.

1159.

DIKNA, Abdelhafed. Le pouvoir du juge pénal dans la recherche des preuves en droit musulman comparé au droit francais. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université de Montpellier 1, 1988. 868 pp.

1160.

DOULOUT, F. Le serment dans le droit musulman et ses coutumes (Doctrine et dernier état de la jurisprudence). Révue algérienne tunisienne et marocaine de législation et de jurisprudence, 63 (1947) pp. 1–31.

1161.

ELBUSHRA, M.E. & BREUR, C.M. Reliability of personal evidence— Islamic law perspective. New trends in criminal investigation and evidence. Amsterdam: Intersentia, 2000, pp. 197–218.

1162.

FADEL, Mohammad. Two women, one man: knowledge, power, and gender in medieval Sunni legal thought. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28 ii (1997) pp. 185–204.

1163.

FARRAR, S.A. Islamic jurisprudence and the role of the accused: a re-examination. Legal Studies, 23 iv (2003) pp. 587–604.

1164.

FARRAR, Salim Ali. The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Warwick, 1999. 314 pp.

Proof, Evidence, Testimony, Procedure

119

1165.

GILANI, Sayyid M. Yunus & SHALIM, K.M. Zakir Hossain. Forensic evidence in proving crimes: exploring the legal frameworks of Sharīʿah. Journal of Islam in Asia, 13 i (2016) pp. 220–247.

1166.

GRÄF, Erwin. Gerichtsverfassung und Gerichtsbarkeit im islami­ schen Recht. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 58 (1955) pp. 48–78.

1167.

GREY, Ian & ALMAZROUEI, Amraim & THOMAS, Justin & RANDALL, Patrick. Forensic psychology and Islamic jurisprudence. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, (2018) pp. 1–15.

1168.

GUIRAUD, Amédée. Jurisprudence et procedures musulmanes. Casa­ blanca: Imprimerie du Petit Marocain, 1925. 473 pp.

1169.

HALLAQ, Wael. Notes on the term qarīna in Islamic legal discourse. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 108 iii (1988) pp. 475–480.

1170.

HAMIDULLAH, Muhammad. La genèse du droit de la preuve en Islam. La preuve. Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin pour l’histoire comparative des institutions. Bruxelles: Société Jean Bodin pour l’histoire comparative des institutions, 1963, vol. 18, pp. 187–200.

1171.

HANEEF, Sayed Sikandar Shah. Forensic evidence: a comparative analysis of the general position in common law and Sharīʿah. Islamic Studies, 46 ii (2007) pp. 199–216.

1172.

HANEEF, Sayed Sikanadar Shah. Modern means of proof: legal basis for its accommodation in Islamic law. Arab Law Quarterly, 20 iv (2006) pp. 334–364.

1173.

HANEEF, Sikander Shah. Islamic law of evidence. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications, 1994. 100 pp.

1174.

HOLSCHER, Louis M. & MAHMOOD, Rizwana. Borrowing from the Shariah: the potential uses of procedural Islamic law in the West. Ed. Delbert Rounds. International criminal justice: issues in a global perspective. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999, pp. 82–96.

120

Proof, Evidence, Testimony, Procedure

1175.

HUSSEIN, Gamil Muhammed. Basic guarantees in the Islamic criminal justice system. Criminal justice in Islam: judicial procedure in the Shariʿa. Ed. Muhammad Abdel Haleem, Adel Omar Sherif, Kate Daniels. London: I.B.Tauris, 2003, pp. 35–53.

1176.

IBRAHIM, Saeed Hasan & MEHEMEED, Nasir bin Ibrahim. Basic principles of criminal procedure under Islamic Sharīʿa. Criminal justice in Islam: judicial procedure in the Shariʿa. Ed. Muhammad Abdel Haleem, Adel Omar Sherif, Kate Daniels. London: I.B.Tauris, 2003, pp. 17–34.

1177.

JOHANSEN, Baber. Signs as evidence: the doctrine of Ibn Taymiyya (1263–1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 1351) on proof. Islamic Law and Society, 9 ii (2002) pp. 168–193.

1178.

JOHANSEN, Baber. Formes de langage et fonctions publiques: stéréo­ types, témoins et offices dans la preuve par l’écrit en droit musulman. Arabica, 44 iii (1997) pp. 333–376.

1179.

KACHKOUSH, Hoda. L’arrestation—étude de procédure pénale comparée (France, Égypte, Angleterre, Islam). Thèse de doctorat d’État, droit privé, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, 1989. 472 pp.

1180.

LAHEIDAN, Saleh Ibn Mohammad Al-. Means of evidence in Islamic law. The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the symposium held in Ryadh 16–21 Shawal (9–13 October 1976). Rome: Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1980, pp. 147–192.

1181.

MAHMOOD, Tahir. Criminal procedure at the shariʿah law as seen by modern scholars: a review. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. A comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 292–310.

1182.

MAJZOUB, A.E. Opinion evidence and Islamic law. Sudan Law Journal and Reports, (1984) pp. 1–9.

1183.

MARNEUR, François. Essai sur la theorie de la preuve en droit musulman. Paris: Librairie de la Société du Recueil Sirey, 1910. 408 pp.

Proof, Evidence, Testimony, Procedure

121

1184.

MASUD, Muhammad Khalid. Procedural law between traditionists, jurists and judges: the problem of yamīn maʿ al-shāhid. Al-Qanṭara, 20 ii (1999) pp. 389–416.

1185.

MATTAR, Mohamed. Human rights in Islamic law, specifically the guarantee of procedural justice. European Journal of Law Reform, 16 ii (2014) pp. 68–96.

1186.

MOHAMED, Mohd Munzil bin. Qarinah: admissibility of circumstantial evidence in hudud and qisas cases. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6 ii (2015) pp. 141–150.

1187.

MORAND, Marcel. Introduction à l’étude de la preuve en droit musulman. Études de droit Musulman Algérien. Alger, 1901, pp. 313–363.

1188.

MUNIR, Muhammad. Fundamental guarantees of the rights of the accused in Islamic criminal justice system. Hamdard Islamicus, 40 iv (2017) pp. 45–65.

1189.

PETERS, Rudolph. Geschillenbeslechting in de sharia: het proces voor de qadi. Recht van de islam, 25 (2011) pp. 11–17.

1190.

QASEM, Anis Al-. Criminal justice in Islam: judicial procedure in the Shariʿa. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 10 i (2003) pp. 491–492.

1191.

REZA, Sadiq. Due process in Islamic criminal law. George Washington International Law Review, 46 i (2013) pp. 1–27.

1192.

REZA, Sadiq. Islam’s fourth amendment: search and seizure in Islamic doctrine and Muslim practice. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 40 iii (2009) pp. 703–806.

1193.

SALAMA, M. Les principes généraux de la preuve en droit penal islamique. Bulletin du Centre d’Études et de Documentation Juridiques, Économiques et Sociales (Le Caire), 14 xviii (1985), pp. 87–107.

1194.

SALAMA, Ma’moun M. General principles of criminal evidence in Islamic jurisprudence. The Islamic Criminal Justice System. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. London etc.: Oceana, 1982, pp. 109–123.

122

Punishment

1195.

SHERIF, Adel Omar. Generalities on criminal procedure under Islamic Sharīʿa. Criminal justice in Islam: judicial procedure in the Sharīʿa. Ed. Muhammad Abdel Haleem, Adel Omar Sherif, Kate Daniels. London: I.B. Tauris, 2003, pp. 3–16.

1196.

TYAN, Emile. Le notariat et le regime de la preuve par ecrit dans la pratique du droit musulman. Beyrouth: Annales de l’École Française de Droit de Beyrouth/École Française de Droit, 1945. 99 pp.

1197.

WIECHMAN, Dennis J. & AZARIAN, Mohammad K. & KENDALL, Jerry D. Islamic courts and corrections. International Journal of Com­ parative and Applied Criminal Justice, 19 i (1995) pp. 33–46.

1198.

ZAHRAA, Mahdi. Legal personality in Islamic law. Arab Law Quarterly, 10 iii (1995) pp. 193–206.

Punishment 1199.

ABDELMOHCINE, Mohammed Nasser-Dine. Essai d’une théorie de la sanction dans la législation islamique. Doctorat d’État, sciences crimi­ nelles, Université de Toulouse 1, 1985. 522 pp.

1200. ABD-ELRAHIM, Gaafer Mohamed. The concept of punishment in Islamic law in relation to contemporary legal trends, Ph.D. dissertation, The Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities, 1987. 359 pp. 1201.

ABD RASHID, Adnan. Punishment in the Sharīʿah: its educational implications for the development of akhlāq. Hamdard Islamicus, 31 i (2008) pp. 25–32.

1202.

ABU ZAHRA, M. Punishment in Islam. General study. Arab theologians on Jews and Israel. The fourth conference of the academy of Islamic research: Rajab 1388 (September 1968). Cairo: Al Azhar Academy of Islamic Research, 1970, pp. 71–72.

1203.

ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami A. Las sanciones en derecho musulmán y su influencia en el derecho de los países árabes. Sistema de control penal y diferencias culturales. Anuario de Derecho Penal. Doctrina, Jurisprudencia, Legislación, Bibliografía. Ed. José Hurtado Pozo. Lima,

Punishment

123

Perú: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú & Fribourg, Switzerland: Université de Fribourg, 2010, pp. 245–287. 1204.

ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Sanctions pénales dans les pays musulmans: passé, présent et futur. Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique, 3 (2007) pp. 260–276.

1205.

ALFI, Ahmad Abd al-Aziz Al-. Punishment in Islamic criminal law. The Islamic criminal justice system. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. London: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 227–236.

1206.

ASHWIN, Salem. L’égalité dans l’application des peines en droit pénal musulman. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé. Droit musulman comparé, Université de Perpignan, 2006. 506 pp.

1207.

AWA, Mohamed S. El-. Punishment in Islamic law: a comparative study. Delhi: Markazi Maktaba Islami, 2001. 240 pp.

1208.

AWA, Mohamed S. El-. Punishment in Islamic law: a comparative study. Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1982. 148 pp.

1209.

AWĀ, Moḥamed ʿAbdalla Selim El-. The theory of punishment in Islamic law. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 1972. 295 pp.

1210.

AZZOU, Samir. La sanction pénale en terre d’Islam: entre les necessities de l’ordre public musulman et d’adhésion à la laïcité politique. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université de Perpignan, 2011. 449 pp.

1211.

BEGUM, Shagufta. Punishment as a moral and social agency. AlHikmat, 27 (2007) pp. 83–94.

1212.

BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Les conceptions de la peine en droit musulman. Droit et Cultures, 34 ii (1997) pp. 43–71.

1213.

CAMPAGNA, Norbert. Der Zweck der Strafe im islamischen Strafrecht. Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, 97 iii (2011) pp. 360–377.

1214.

CAMPBELL, Lisa J. The use of beheadings by fundamentalist Islam. Global Crime, 7 iii–iv (2006) pp. 583–614.

124

Punishment

1215.

DARWISH, Nonie. Cruel and usual punishment. Dallas, TX: Thomas Nelson, 2008. 272 pp.

1216.

EGILA, Ashraf. Les peines corporelles et les conditions de leur incrimination en droit islamique. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé, Université de Paris 1, 2009. 503 pp.

1217.

FURNISH, Timothy. Beheading in the name of Islam. Middle East Quarterly, 12 ii (2005) pp. 51–57.

1218.

GHAMIDI, Javed Ahmad. Islamic punishments. Renaissance: A Monthly Islamic Journal, 25 viii (2015) pp. 41–43.

1219.

HABIBZADEH, M.J. & RAHIMINEJAD, E. & MIRMAJIDI, S.S. Dis­ proportionate punishments as violation of human dignity. Inter­ national Journal of Humanities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 19 ii (2012) pp. 43–65.

1220.

HAKEEM, Farrukh B. & HABERFELD, M.R. & VERMA, Arvind. The concept of punishment under Sharia. Policing Muslim communities. Comparative international context. Ed. Farrukh B. Hakeem, M.R. Haberfeld, Arvind Verma. New York: Springer, 2012, pp. 7–21.

1221.

HAKEEM, Farrukh B. Alternative perspectives on penality under Sharia: A review essay. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 27 i (2003) pp. 85–105.

1222.

HANI, Houria. La notion de la peine en droit francais et musulman. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université de Paris 1, 2007. 497 pp.

1223.

HAQQI, Abdurrahman Raden Aji. Criminal punishment and pursuit justice in Islamic law. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, 15 (2015) pp. 1–10.

1224.

HAROON, Muhammad. Islam and punishment. Lahore: Vision Islamic Publications, 1993. 101 pp.

1225.

IRFAN, Muhammad & VIRK, Muhammad Akram. Basic principles for implementation of Islamic punishments. Jihāt al-Islām: a Journal of Islamic Studies, 9 i (2015) pp. 27–42.

Punishment

125

1226.

KAIS, Mohamed. La sanction en droit pénal musulman comparé avec le droit positif français. Thèse de doctorat en Droit pénal et sciences criminelles, Montpellier: Université de Montpellier 1, 1988. 693 pp.

1227.

LANGE, Christian. Crime and punishment in Islamic history (early to middle period): a framework for analysis. Religion Compass, 4 xi (2010) pp. 694–706.

1228.

LANGE, Christian. Justice, punishment and the medieval Muslim imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 290 pp.

1229.

LANGE, C.R. Legal and cultural dimensions of ignominious parading (tashhīr) in Islam. Islamic Law and Society, 14 i (2007) pp. 81–108.

1230.

MACKEY, Virginia. Punishment in the scripture and tradition of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. New York, NY: National Interreligious Task Force on Criminal Justice, 1983. 94 pp.

1231.

MANE, Adel Al. La peine en législation musulmane. Revue pénitentiaire et de droit pénal, 3 (2005) pp. 581–597.

1232.

MIETHE, Terance D. & LU, Hong. Punishment under Islamic law. Punishment: a comparative historical perspective. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 155–193.

1233.

MITTLEBEELER, E.V. Collective punishment. Journal of Islamic and Comparative Law, 8 (1978) pp. 27–48.

1234.

RAHMATIAN, Ali Akbar. Issues of law and punishment in Islam: theory, practice, discussion. Ph.D. dissertation, The Florida State University, 1993. 175 pp.

1235.

RAMADAN, Hisham M. On Islamic punishment. Understanding Islamic law: from classical to contemporary. Ed. Hisham M. Ramadan. Oxford: Altamira Press, 2006, pp. 43–64.

1236.

RAMADAN, Tariq. A call for a moratorium on corporal punishment— the debate in review. New directions in Islamic thought: exploring reform and Muslim tradition. Ed. Kari Vogt, Lenar Larsen and Christian Moe. London: I.B. Tauris, 2011, pp. 163–174.

126

Punishment

1237.

RAMADAN, Tariq. An international call for moratorium on corporal punishment, stoning and the death penalty in the Islamic world. 5 April 2005. [online].

1238.

REHMAN, Zia-ur & REHMAN, Atiqur. Islamic punishments: aims, sagacity and basic human rights. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research, 12 (2013) pp. 91–104.

1239.

SANDEELA, Fateh M. Ethics of punishments: Islamic and Western dispensations. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 100–117.

1240.

SANDEELA, F.M. The ethics of Islamic punishments. Islamic Order, 6 iv (1984) pp. 58–69.

1241.

SANDEELA, Fateh M. Ethics of Islamic punishments. Islamic & Comparative Law Quarterly, 3 (1983) pp. 233–248.

1242.

SHAALAN, Mohammed. Sanctions—an Islamic viewpoint. Education and value systems. Ed. H. Dobers, W. Erl, A.T. Khoury, M. Fassi-Fihri. Mainz: Hase & Koehler, 1987, pp. 72–81.

1243.

TAHIR-UL-QADRI, Muhammad. Legal character of Islamic punishments. Lahore: Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications, 1999. 146 pp.

1244.

TAHIR-UL-QADRI, Muhammad. Classification of Islamic punishments. Lahore: Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications, 1988. 40 pp.

1245.

TAHIR-UL-QADRI, Muhammad. Punishments in Islām—their classification and philosophy. Ph.D. dissertation, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 1984. 494 pp.

1246.

TELLENBACH, Silvia. Die Strafe im islamischen Strafrecht. La Peine/ Punishment. Quatrième partie/Fourth part. Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin pour l’Histoire comparative des institutions/Transactions of the Jean Bodin Society for Comparative Institutional History. Bruxelles: De Boeck Université, 1991, pp. 9–40.

127

Qasāma

1247.

TYAN, E. Punishment. Judicial practice: institutions and agents in the Islamic world. Ed. Boğaç A. Ergene. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2009, pp. 247–268.

1248.

WEISS, Bernard. Punishment, retribution and justice in Islamic theology and jurisprudence. Perspectives on punishment: an interdisciplinary exploration. Ed. Richard Mowery Andrews. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 1997, pp. 21–31.

Qasāma 1249.

CRONE, Patricia. Jāhilī and Jewish law: the qasāma. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 4 (1984) pp. 153–201.

1250.

PETERS, Rudolph. Murder in Khaybar: some thoughts on the origins of the qasāma procedure in Islamic law. Islamic Law and Society, 9 ii (2002) pp. 132–67. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 497–530.]

Rape 1251.

AHMAD, Muhammad. The crime of rape and the Hanafi doctrine of siyasah. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 6 i (2014) pp. 161–192.

1252.

AZAM, Hina. Sexual violation in Islamic law. Substance, evidence, and procedure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 284 pp.

1253.

AZAM, Hina. Competing approaches to rape in Islamic law. Feminism, law, and religion. Ed. Marie Failinger, Elizabeth Schiltz, Susan J. Stabile. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2013 pp. 327–341.

1254.

AZAM, Hina. Rape as a variant of fornication (zinā) in Islamic law: an examination of the early legal reports. Journal of Law and Religion, 28 ii (2012) pp. 441–466.

1255.

AZARI, Hajar & TABATABAI HESARI, Nasrin. Protection of the right to privacy under international law and the Iranian legal system with a focus on the victims of rape. US-China Law Review, 13 ix (2016) pp. 641–664.

128

Rape

1256.

AZARI, Hajar. Assessment of capabilities and inadequacies of evidence in rape under Islamic law. US-China Law Review, 12 (2015) pp. 244–264.

1257.

AZARI, Hajar. Protection of women victim of rape. Islamic and international legal perspectives. Ph.D. dissertation, Tilburg University, 2014. 358 pp.

1258.

DUPRET, Baudouin. Normality, responsibility, morality: Norming virginity and rape in the legal arena. Muslim traditions and modern techniques of power. Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam, 3. Ed. Armando Salvatore, Münster etc.: LIT Verlag, 2001, pp. 165–184.

1259.

NASRI, Mohd Mukhlis Bin Mohd & HAMAT, Mohd Afandi Bin Awang. Islamic perspectives on the legality of marital rape in the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‛ah. The Islamic Quarterly, 62 i (2018) pp. 169–192.

1260.

NOOR, Azman Mohd. A victim’s claim of being raped is neither a confession to zina nor committing qadhf (making false accusation of zina). Muslim World Journal of Human Rights, 8 i (2011) pp. 1–20.

1261.

NOOR, Azman Mohd. Rape: a problem of crime classification in Islamic law. Arab Law Quarterly, 24 iv (2010) pp. 417–438.

1262.

NOOR, Azman Mohd. Punishment for rape in Islamic law. Malayan Law Journal, 5 (2009) pp. 1–9.

1263.

NOOR, Azman Mohd & IBRAHIM, Ahmad Basri. The rights of a rape victim in Islamic law. International Islamic University Malaysia Law Journal, 16 i (2008) pp. 65–83.

1264.

NOOR, Azman Mohd. Rape in Islamic law: problems of classification and adjudication. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Edinburgh, 2005. 243 pp.

1265.

SUSILA, Muhammad Endriyo. Islamic perspective on marital rape. Jurnal Media Hukum, 20 ii (2013) pp. 317–332.

Rebellion, Baghy

129

Rebellion, Baghy 1266.

ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. Rebellion and violence in Islamic law. Cam­ bridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 404 pp.

1267.

ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. The Islamic law of rebellion: the rise and development of the juristic discourses on insurrection, insurgency and brigandage. Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 1999.

1268.

ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. Ahkam al-bughat: a study of irregular warfare and the law of rebellion in Islam. Cross, crescent and sword: the justification and limitation of war in Western and Islamic traditions. Ed. James Turner Johnson, John Kelsay. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990, pp. 149–176.

1269.

BADAR, Mohamed. The origins and evolution of Islamic law of rebellion: its significance to the current international humanitarian law discourse. International law and Islam: historical explorations. Ed. Ignacio de la Rasilla, Ayesha Shahid. Leiden: Nijhoff, 2019, pp. 309–355.

1270.

KRAEMER, Joel L. Apostates, rebels and brigands. Israel Oriental Studies, 10 (1980) pp. 35–73.

1271.

NIDO, Manuel del. Derecho pénal musulman. Rebelión y bandole­ rismo. Revista de Tropas Coloniales, 7 (julio 1925) p. 11.

1272.

RAHMAN, Fazlur. The law of rebellion in Islam. Islam in the modern world: 1983 Paine lectures in religion. Ed. Jill Raitt. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri-Columbia, 1983, pp. 1–10.

1273.

SAUER, Rebecca. Tafsīr between law and exegesis: the case of Q. 49:9 (the rebellion verse/āyat al-baghy). Tafsīr and Islamic intellectual history: exploring the boundaries of a genre. Ed. Andreas Görke, Johanna Pink. London & Oxford. Oxford University Press, in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2014, pp. 223–250.

1274.

SHARIF, Mohd Farid bin Mohd. Concept of jihād and baghy in Islamic law: with special reference to Ibn Taymiyya. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Edinburgh, 2006. 214 pp.

130

Repentance

1275.

SHARIF, Mohd Farid bin Mohd. Baghy in Islamic law and the thinking of Ibn Taymiyya. Arab Law Quarterly, 20 iii (2006) pp. 289–305.

1276.

TABASSUM, Sadia. Combatants, not bandits: the status of rebels in Islamic law. International Review of the Red Cross, 93/881 (2011) pp. 121–139.

Repentance 1277.

AKIDA, M. La pénitence: étude comparative des droits musulmans et canonique. Revue pénitentiaire et de droit pénal, 4 (2007) pp. 835–866.

1278.

AYOUB, Mahmoud. Repentance in the Islamic tradition. Repentance: a comparative perspective. Ed. Amitai Etzioni et al. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997, pp. 96–121.

1279.

HEMEIDAH, Ahmad Al-Saiid Zaki. Repentance as a legal concept. M.A. thesis, University of Arizona, 2011. 159 pp.

1280.

HUSAIN, Syed Muʿazzam. Effect of tauba (repentance) on penalty in Islam. Islamic Studies, 8 iii (1969) pp. 189–198.

1281.

SHOKRY, M. El-Dakkak. Repentance as a defence: comparative study under Islamic law, common law and continental law. Kuala Lumpur: A.S. Noordeen, 1994. 177 pp.

Restorative Justice 1282.

AMMAR, Nawal H. Restorative justice in Islam: theory and practice. The spiritual roots of restorative justice. Ed. Michael L. Hadley. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2001, pp. 161–180.

1283.

FALLON, Andrew. Restoration as the spirit of Islamic justice. Con­ temporary Justice Review, 23 iv (2020) pp. 430–443.

1284.

FATHUROKHMANDAN, Ferry & FAUZI, Ahmad. Islamic criminal law as a bridge of contention between public and individual interest within restorative justice. Jurnal Media Hukum, 22 i (2015) pp. 36–56.

Retribution, Qiṣāṣ

131

1285.

FREDERIKSEN, Katja Jansen & HOVDEN, Eirik. Restorative justice in Islamic criminal law? Restorative justice and criminal justice: exploring the relationship. Ed. Linda Gröning, Jørn Jacobsen. Stockholm: Santérus Academic Press, 2012, pp. 41–61.

1286.

HEIDARI, Mohammad Ali & PORSHABANAN, Masoma. Study of restorative justice from the perspective of Islamic law and jurisprudence. New York Science Journal. 8 vi (2015) pp. 80–85.

1287.

ISLAM, Md. Jahirul & SUZUKI, Masahiro & MAZUMDER, Nurunnahar & IBRAHIM, Nada. Challenges of implementing restorative justice for intimate partner violence: an Islamic perspective. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 37 iii (2018) pp. 277–301.

1288.

MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. Restorative justice in Islamic criminal legal system. Journal of Islamic Law Review, 12 ii (2016) pp. 191–213.

1289.

QAFISHEH, Mutaz. Restorative justice in the Islamic penal law: a contribution to the global system. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 7 i (2012) pp. 487–507.

Retribution, Qiṣāṣ 1290.

AMANULLAH, Muhammad. Juristic differences over the implementation of qiṣāṣ against a Muslim who kills a non-Muslim. Arab Law Quarterly, 32 ii (2018) pp. 185–203.

1291.

AMANULLAH, Muhammad. Is qiṣāṣ (just retribution) for intentional bodily harm entirely based on ijmāʿ? Jurnal Fiqh/Journal of Fiqh, 2 (2005) pp. 19–28.

1292.

AMANULLAH, Muhammad. Just retribution (qisas) versus forgiveness (ʿafw). Islam: past, present, and future. International Seminar on Islamic Thoughts: proceedings, 7–9 December 2004. Ed. Ahmad Sunawari Long, Jaffary Awang, Kamaruddin Salleh. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2004, pp. 871–883.

132

Retribution, Qiṣāṣ

1293.

BASSIOUNI, M. Cherif. Quesas Crimes. The Islamic criminal justice system. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. London: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 203–209.

1294.

BENNETT, Clinton. Retribution in Islam (Qurʾan 2: 178): fact and fiction in Victorian literature. Victorian Review, 37 ii (2011) pp. 13–16.

1295.

FEYYAZ, Muhammad. Nonkilling and social peace through: qisas—a pragmatic conflict mitigation framework. Journal of Contemporary Studies, 3 ii (2014) pp. 28–48.

1296.

HAMAT, Mohd Afandi Awang. Appraising the legal position of parents under the qiṣāṣ law: immunity or a waiver. International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh Studies (IJFUS), 2 (2018) pp. 38–54.

1297.

HASCALL, Susan C. Restorative justice in Islam: should qisas be considered a form of restorative justice? Berkeley Journal of Middle Eastern & Islamic Law, 4 (2011) pp. 35–78.

1298.

MOHAMED, Mahfodz. The concept of qisās in Islamic law. Islamic Studies, 21 ii (1982) pp. 77–88.

1299.

RISPLER-CHAIM, Vardit. Compassion in the Islamic laws of qiṣāṣ and ḥudūd: discussions on the legitimacy of the replantation of an amputated limb. Crueldad y compasión en la literatura árabe e islámica. Ed. Delfina Serrano Ruano. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Cordoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 2011, pp. 327–344.

1300. RISPLER-CHAIM, Vardit. Disabilities caused by humans: intentional and unintentional injuries. Disability in Islamic law. Vardit RisplerChaim. Dordrecht: Springer, 2007, pp. 75–92. 1301.

TABRIZI, Amir Alishahi & DABBAGH, Hossein & KOENIG, Harold G. Medical ethics in qiṣāṣ (eye-for-an-eye) punishment: an Islamic view; an examination of acid throwing. Journal of Religion and Health, 55 iv (2016) pp. 1426–1432.

1302.

ZAINUDDIN. Restorative justice concept on jarimah qishas in Islamic criminal law. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 17 iii (2017) pp. 335–341.

Rights of God, Rights of Men

133

Rights of God, Rights of Men 1303.

EMON, Anver M. Ḥuqūq Allāh and ḥuqūq al-ʿibād: a legal heuristic for a natural rights regime. Islamic Law and Society, 13 iii (2006) pp. 325–391.

1304.

WERNER, Diana. Die Rechte Gottes versus die Rechte der Menschen. Die hadd- und qisas-Delikte des klassischen islamischen Strafrechts. Zeitschrift für Internationale Strafrechtsdogmatik, 3 (2021) pp. 222–229.

Settlement, Ṣulḥ, Arbitration 1305.

AB AZIZ, Norjihan & HUSSIN, Nasimah. The application of mediation (ṣulḥ) in Islamic criminal law. Jurnal Syariah, 24 i (2016) pp. 137–156.

1306.

ABU-NIMER, Mohammed. Conflict resolution in an Islamic context: some conceptual questions. Peace and Change, 21 i (1996) pp. 22–40.

1307.

ALBRECHT, Hans-Jörg et al. (eds.). Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006. 658 pp.

1308.

ALSHEIKH, Essam A. Distinction between the concepts mediation, conciliation, ṣulḥ and arbitration in Sharīʿah law. Arab Law Quarterly, 25 iv (2011) pp. 367–400.

1309.

DIAB, Rasha. Shades of ṣulḥ: the rhetorics of Arab-Islamic reconciliation. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016. 248 pp.

1310.

FRONZONI, Vasco. La mediation pénale en droit islamique. Islam and globalisation. Historical and contemporary perspectives. Ed. Agostino Cilardo. Leuven & Paris: Peeters, 2013, pp. 177–196.

1311.

HOSSAIN, Shahadat. Arbitration in Islamic law for the treatment of civil and criminal cases: an analytical overview. Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Religion, 1 (2013) pp. 1–13.

1312.

HUMAIDHI, Hamad al-. Ṣulḥ: arbitration in the Arab-Islamic world. Arab Law Quarterly, 29 i (2015) pp. 92–99.

134

Settlement, Ṣulḥ, Arbitration

1313.

IRANI, George E. The best judgements: rituals of settlement (sulh) and reconciliation (musalaha) in the Middle East. Creating the third force: indigenous processes of peacemaking. Ed. H. Tuso, M. Flaherty. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016, pp. 55–76.

1314.

IRANI, George E. & FUNK, Nathan. Rituals of reconciliation: ArabIslamic perspectives. Kroc Institute Occasional Paper #19: OP:2 (2000). Notre Dame, IN: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies (University of Indiana), 2000. 34 pp.

1315.

IRANI, G.E. Islamic mediation techniques for Middle East conflicts. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 3 ii (1999) pp. 1–17.

1316.

IRANI, George E. & FUNK, Nathan. Rituals of reconciliation: ArabIslamic perspectives. Arab Studies Quarterly, 20 iv (1998) pp. 53–69.

1317.

KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Amnesty and pardon in Islamic law with special reference to post-conflict justice. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 6 iv (2015) pp. 442–467.

1318.

KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Exploring facets of Islam on security and peace: amnesty and pardon in Islamic law. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 3 iii (2012) pp. 527–531.

1319.

LEHMANN, Friedrich-Wilhelm. Das Rechtsinstitut des Vergleiches aṣṣulḥ im islamischen Recht nach al-Kāsānī. Ph.D. dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1970. 141 pp.

1320.

OTHMAN, Aida. And amicable settlement is best: ṣulḥ and dispute resolution in Islamic law. Arab Law Quarterly, 21 i (2007) pp. 64–90.

1321.

OTHMAN, Aida. And ṣulḥ is best: amicable settlement and dispute resolution in Islamic law. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 2005. 672 pp.

1322.

PASCOE, Daniel. Victim-perpetrator reconciliation agreements: what can Muslim-majority jurisdictions and PRC learn from each other? International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 66 iv (2017) pp. 963–989.

1323.

PELY, Doron. Muslim/Arab mediation and conflict resolution: understanding sulha. Abingdon & New York: Routledge, 2017. 223 pp.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

135

1324.

PELY, Doron. Where East not always meets West: comparing the sulha process to Western style mediation and arbitration. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 28 iv (2011) pp. 427–440.

1325.

REZAEI, Hassan. Violent conflict and ṣulḥ in Middle Eastern societies: a critical Islamic discourse perspective. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 645–658.

1326.

ROHNE, Holger-C. Cultural aspects of conflict resolution—comparing sulha and Western mediation. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 187–214.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1327.

DEURASEH, Nurdeen. Protection against STDs: an Islamic criminal law approach. Arab Law Quarterly, 22 i (2008) pp. 88–108.

Shāfiʿī Criminal Law 1328.

AMEDROZ, H.F. The hisba jurisdiction in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 48 i (1916) pp. 77–101; 48 ii (1916) pp. 287–314.

1329.

AMEDROZ, H.F. The mazalim jurisdiction in the Ahkam Sultaniyya of Mawardi. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 43 iii (1911) pp. 635–674.

1330.

GRIFFEL, Frank. ‘… and the killing of someone who upholds these convictions is obligatory!’ Religious law and the assumed disappearance of philosophy in Islam. Miscellanea Mediaevalia 39: Das Gesetz. Ed. Andreas Speer, Guy Guldentops. Berlin & Boston: de Gruyter, 2014, pp. 213–226.

1331.

GRIFFEL, Frank. Toleration and exclusion: al-Shāfiʿī and al-Ghazālī on the treatment of apostates. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 64 (2001) pp. 339–354.

136

Shāfi ʿ ī Criminal Law

1332.

GRIFFEL, Frank. Apostasie und Toleranz im Islam. Die Entwicklung zu al-Ġazālīs Urteil gegen die Philosophie und die Reaktionen der Philosophen. Leiden: Brill, 2000. 524 pp.

1333.

GRIFFEL, Frank. Die Anwendung des Apostasieurteils bei aš-Šāfiʿī und al-Ġazālī. Akten des 27. Orientalistentages: Norm und Abweichung. Ed. Stefan Wild, Hartmut Schild. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 1998, pp. 353–362.

1334.

GRIFFEL, Frank. Über Rechtgläubigkeit und religiöse Toleranz. Eine Übersetzung der Schrift Das Kriterium der Unterscheidung zwischen Islam und Gottlosigkeit (Fayṣal at-tafriqa bayna l-Islam wa-z-zandaqa). Translated, introduced, and annotated by Frank Griffel. Zürich: Spur Verlag, 1998. 110 pp.

1335.

JAMAL, Lobna. “Gott verfluche denjenigen, der das tut, was das Volk Lūṭs tat!” Die Verurteilung des liwāṭ aus der Sicht des šāfiʿitischen Rechtsgelehrten Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-ʾĀǧurrīy (ca. 885–970). Berlin: EB Verlag, 2011. 68 pp.

1336.

JUYNBOLL, Th.W. Handleiding tot de kennis van de Mohammedansche wet volgens de leer van de sjâfiʿitische school. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1930. 428 pp. [See Hoofdstuk XI.: Rechtspleging en straffen, pp. 282–315.]

1337.

JUYNBOLL, Th.W. Handbuch des islamischen Gesetzes nach der Lehre der schafiʿitischen Schule nebst einer allgemeinen Einleitung. Leiden: E.J. Brill; Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1910. 384 pp. [See Zehntes Kapitel: Rechtspflege und Strafen, pp. 284–321.]

1338.

NAWAWI, Mahiudin Abu Zakaria Yahya Ibn Sharif En-. Minhaj et tali­ bin. A manual of Muhammadan law according to the school of Shafii. Translated into English from the French edition of L.W.C. Van Den Berg by E.C. Howard. London: W. Thacker & Co., 1914. [See chapters 47–56 “Crimes against the person” to “Excusable homicide and wounding”, pp. 395–456.]

1339.

SACHAU, Eduard. Muhammedanisches Recht nach schafiitischer Lehre. Stuttgart & Berlin: W. Spemann, 1897. 879 pp. [See Buch VI. Strafrecht, pp. 757–849.]

Shī ʿ ī Criminal Law

1340.

137

ZAKARIYAH, Luqman. Al-Shāfiʿīʾs position on analogical reasoning in Islamic criminal law: jurists debates and human rights implications. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law/Revue Internationale de Sémiotique Juridique, 30 ii (2017) pp. 301–319.

Shīʿī Criminal Law 1341.

ALIPOUR, M. Shīʿa neo-traditionalist scholars and theology of homo­ sexuality: review and reflections on Mohsen Kadivar’s shifting approach. Theology & Sexuality, 24 iii (2018) pp. 200–218.

1342.

ALIPOUR, M. Islamic shariʿa law, neotraditionalist Muslim scholars and transgender sex-reassignment surgery: a case study of Ayatollah Khomeini’s and Sheikh al-Tantawi’s fatwas. International Journal of Transgenderism, 18 i (2017) pp. 91–103.

1343.

CASTRO, Francesco. Su ġaṣb e taʿddī nel fiqh fatimida. Annali di Ca’ Foscari, 14 iii (1975) pp. 95–97.

1344.

ELTANTAWI, Sarah. Tusi did not “opt out”: Shiite jurisprudence and the solidification of the stoning punishment in the Islamic legal tradition. Essays in Islamic philology, history, and philosophy. Ed. Alireza Korangy, Wheeler M. Thackston, Roy P. Mottahedeh, William Granara. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, 2016, pp. 312–332.

1345.

GEDDES, C.L. The apostasy of ʿAlī b. al-Faḍl. Arabian and Islamic studies: articles presented to R.B. Serjeant. Ed. R.L. Bidwell, G.R. Smith. Harlow: Longman, 1983, pp. 80–85.

1346.

GLEAVE, Robert. Abandoning prayer and the declaration of unbelief in Imāmī jurisprudence. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016, pp. 413–433.

1347.

GLEAVE, Robert. Shiʿi jurisprudence during the Seljuq period: rebellion and public order in an illegitimate state. The Seljuqs: politics, society and culture. Ed. Christian Lange, Songül Mecit. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011, pp. 205–227.

138

Shī ʿ ī Criminal Law

1348.

GLEAVE, Robert. Public violence, state legitimacy: the Iqāmat al-ḥudūd and the sacred state. Public violence in Islamic societies: power, discipline, and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE. Ed. Christian Lange, Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 256–275.

1349.

GRIGNASCHI, Mario. La condanna dell’apostasia (irtidâd) sciita nella risâlah di Ibn Kemâl a Selim I. Oriente Moderno, 64 (1984) pp. 57–63.

1350.

HAMOUDI, Haider Ala. Strategic juristic omission and the non-Muslim blood price: an examination of Shīʿī fiqh and practice. Visions of Sharīʿa. Contemporary discussions in Shīʿī legal theory. Ed. Ali-reza Bhojani, Laurens de Rooij, Michael Bohlander. Brill: Leiden & Boston, 2019, pp. 129–148.

1351.

HAMOUDI, Haider Ala. Sex and the Shariʿa: defining gender norms and sexual deviancy in Shiʿi Islam. Fordham International Law Journal, 39 i (2015) pp. 23–99.

1352.

KOHLBERG, Etan. The position of the walad zinā in Imāmī Shīʿism. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 48 (1985) pp. 237–266.

1353.

MORTAZA, Shams. Islamic law of warfare and the question of suicide terrorism: an Usuli Twelver Shia perspective. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Waikato, 2016. 376 pp.

1354.

QUERRY, Amédée. Droit musulman—Recueil de lois concernant les Musulmans schyites. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1872. [See vol. 2, Livre X “Des peines et châtiments …” pp. 482–680.]

1355.

SIDDONS, Julian. „Die Korrektur der Irrtümer“: Mūsā al-Musāwīs Versuch, die schiitische Glaubenslehre zu reformieren. Würzburg: Ergon, 2005. 254 pp.

1356.

SMET, Daniel de. Kufr et takfīr dans l’ismaélisme fatimide: Le Kitāb Tanbīh al-hādī de Ḥamīd al-Dīn al-Kirmānī. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro and Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden: Brill, 2016, pp. 82–102.

139

Siyāsa

Siyāsa 1357.

AHMAD, Muhammad Mushtaq. Post-colonial discourse on siyasah in Islamic criminal law. Kardan Journal of Law, 1 i (2019) pp. 112–130.

1358.

LEWIS, B. Siyasa. In quest of an Islamic humanism: Arabic and Islamic studies in memory of Mohamed al-Nowaihi. Ed. A.H. Green. Cairo: American University of Cairo Press, 1984, pp. 3–14.

1359.

MASUD, Khalid Muhammad. The doctrine of siyāsa in Islamic law. Recht van de Islam. 18 (2001) pp. 1–29.

Sufism 1360.

FEIZ, Reza. La notion de peine chez les soufis: l’école d’Ibn ʿArabi. Archives de politique criminelle, 23 (2001) pp. 131–140.

Suicide 1361.

ATAWNEH, Muhammad al-. Shahāda versus terror in contemporary Islamic legal thought: the problem of suicide bombers. Journal of Islamic Law & Culture, 10 i (2008) pp. 18–29.

1362.

ATIGHETCHI, Dariusch. La condanna del suicidio nella Legge islamica. Kos, 83/84 (1992) pp. 42–44.

1363.

FAHAD, Obaidullah. Legality of suicide bombing in Islam (a critique to Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi). Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research, Special issue (2017) pp. 1–9.

1364.

HASSAN, Haniff Muhammad. A rebuttal of Al-Qaeda and ISʾ theological justification of suicide bombing. Counter terrorist trends and ana­ lyses, 9 vii (2017) pp. 1–12.

1365.

HUTCHINS, Reid. Islam and suicide terrorism: separating fact from fiction. Counter terrorist trends and analyses, 9 xi (2017) pp. 7–11.

140

Ta ʿ zīr

1366.

KRAWIETZ, Birgit. Selbsttötung und islamische Scharia nach traditioneller islamischer Auffassung. Sterben von eigener Hand: Selbsttötung als kulturelle Praxis. Ed. Andreas Bähr, Hans Medick. Köln etc.: Böhlau, 2005, pp. 333–350.

1367.

MISHARA, Brian L. & WEISSTUB, David N. The legal status of suicide: a global review. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 44 (2016) pp. 54–74.

1368.

MUNIR, Muhammad. Suicide attacks: martyrdom operations or acts of perfidy? Islam and international law: engaging self-centrism from a plurality of perspectives. Ed. Marie-Luisa Frick, Andreas Th. Müller. Leiden: Brill Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013, pp. 99–123.

1369.

MUNIR, Muhammad. Suicide attacks and Islamic law. International Review of the Red Cross, 90/869 (2008) pp. 71–89.

1370.

ROSENTHAL, F. On suicide in Islam. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 66 (1946) pp. 239–259.

1371.

SCHULZ, Daniel. Dürfen Muslime sich selbst töten? Das Suizid-Verbot in der islamischen Theologie und dem islamischen Recht. Tectum Verlag, 2009. 96 pp.

1372.

UMRI, Jalaluddin. Suicide or termination of life. Islamic and Com­ parative Law Quarterly, 7 (1987) pp. 136–144.

Taʿzīr 1373.

ABDUL-QUADIR, Abuhamid M. Taʿzīr: the authority of the qāḍī to administer the discretionary judgment in the penal system of Islamic law. Hamdard Islamicus, 18 ii (1995), pp. 83–107.

1374.

AWA, Mohamed El-. Taʿzir in the Islamic penal system. Journal of Islamic and Comparative Law, 6 (1976) pp. 41–59.

1375.

BENMELHA, Ghaouti. Taʿazir crimes. The Islamic criminal justice system. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni. London: Oceana Publications, 1982, pp. 211–225.

Terminology

141

1376.

KAILANI, Osaid. Ruling of al-gharāmah (the fine) as taʿzīr punishment (discretionary punishment) in comparative Islāmic jurisprudence. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wales Lampeter, 2009. 323 pp.

1377.

MAHFODZ, Mohamed bin. The concept of taʿzīr in the Islamic criminal law. Hamdard Islamicus, 16 iv (1993) pp. 5–12.

Terminology 1378.

FORSTNER, Martin. Problèmes de la terminologie juridique de l’arabe moderne illustrés par l’exemple du droit pénal. IIIème Colloque Inter­ national de Linguistique. Tunis, 1986, pp. 59–78.

Terrorism 1379.

COX, Neville. Terrorism, Shariʿa and the isolating of Islam. Australian Law Journal, 90 iv (2016) pp. 255–274.

1380.

DAWOODY, Ahmed Al-. International terrorism and the jurisdiction of Islamic law. International Criminal Law Review, 15 iii (2015) pp. 565–586.

1381.

FAYYAZ, Muhammad. Islamic view on money laundering and terrorist financing. Journal of Islamic Banking & Financing, 33 ii (2016) pp. 83–93.

1382.

JACKSON, Sherman A. Domestic terrorism in the Islamic legal tradition. Muslim World, 91 iii–iv (2001) pp. 293–310.

1383.

KAZMI, Sayyed Nadeem. Islamic responses to terrorism. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 8 (2001–2002) pp. 3–26.

1384.

MUNIR, Muhammad. Compatibility between anti-terrorism legislation and Shariʿa. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research (PJIR), 8 (2011) pp. 93 ff.

1385.

REHMAN, Javaid. Islamic criminal justice and international terrorism: a comparative perspective into modern Islamic state practices. Journal of Islamic State Practices in International Law, 2 iii (2006) pp. 18–35.

142

Theft, Sariqa

1386.

SCHWARTZ, David Aaron. International terrorism and Islamic law. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 29 iii (1991) pp. 629–652.

1387.

TOFANGSAZ, Hamed. A new approach to the criminalization of terrorist financing and its compatibility with Sharia law. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 15 iv (2012) pp. 396–406.

1388.

VOGEL, Frank E. The trial of terrorists under classical Islamic law. Harvard International Law Journal, 43 i (2002) pp. 53–64.

Theft, Sariqa 1389.

AGBETOLA, A.S. Sayyid Qutb on the social crime: stealing. Islamic Studies, 20 ii (1981) pp. 87–95.

1390.

AHMAD, Mushtaq. The punishment of theft in Islam. Research Journal RJIC, Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Peshawar, 2 x (1995), pp. 76–86.

1391.

AMIN, Sayed Hassan. Wrongful appropriation in Islamic law. Glasgow: Royston, 1983. 190 pp.

1392.

CARAI, Marco. La responsibilità da fatto illecito nel diritto musulmano: il danno patrimoniale. Diritto@Storia. Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Giuridiche e Tradizione Romana, 11 (2013) pp. 1–26. [online].

1393.

ÇIĞDEM, R. Corporal punishment (amputation of a hand): the concept of sariqa (theft) in theory and practice. Ankara Law Review, 4 i (2007) pp. 25–41.

1394.

FORTE, David F. Islamic law and the crime of theft: an introduction. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. A comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 186–211.

1395.

FORTE, David F. Lost, strayed or stolen: chattel recovery in Islamic law. Islamic law and jurisprudence. Ed. N. Heer. Seattle, WA & London: University of Washington Press, 1990, pp. 97–115.

Torture

143

1396.

FORTE, David F. Islamic law and the crime of theft: an introduction. Cleveland State Law Review, 34 (1985–86) pp. 47–67.

1397.

GOUDA, Moamen. Stealing more is better? An economic analysis of Islamic law of theft. European Journal of Law and Economics, 42 i (2016) pp. 103–128.

1398.

MUTRAK, Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz Al-. Theft and robbery in Islamic criminal law: textual foundations. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. A comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 178–185.

1399.

NOORSLAWAT, Sabtu. The basic principle of Shariʿa for the enforcement of hadd punishment for theft. M.A. thesis, University of Birmingham, 1977.

1400. RAHBAR, Mohammad Taqi. Punishment of theft in Islamic Penal Code. Trans. Alaedin Pazargadi. Iran: Bunyad Foundation, 1982. 32 pp. 1401.

SOURYAL, Sam S. & POTTS, Dennis W. & ALOBIED, Abdullah I. The penalty of hand amputation for theft in Islamic justice. Journal of Criminal Justice, 22 iii (1994) pp. 249–265.

1402.

ZEHETGRUBER, Christoph. Das Delikt des Diebstahls im „klassischen“ islamischen Recht. Zeitschrift für Polizeiwissenschaft und polizeiliche Praxis SIAK-Journal, 4 (2014) pp. 79–88.

Torture 1403.

AHMED, Rumee. The lash is mightier than the sword: torture and citizenry in medieval Muslim jurisprudence. The Journal of Religious Ethics, 39 iv (2011) pp. 606–612.

1404.

ANTEPLI, Abdullah. An inter-faith view of torture—a Muslim perspective. Muslim World: A Journal Devoted to the Study of Islam, and Christian-Muslim Relations, 103 ii (2013) pp. 204–208.

144 1405.

Torture

ARKOUN, Mohammed. The death penalty and torture in Islamic thought. Concilium, 120 (1978) pp. 75–82.

1406. BLEUCHOT, Hervé: L’aveu contraint dans le droit pénal musulman sunnite. La torture judiciaire. Approches historiques et juridiques. Ed. Bernard Durand, avec la collaboration de Leah Otis-Cour. Lille: Centre d’Histoire judiciaire éditeur, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 125–166. 1407.

CRANE, Jonathan K. Perspectives on torture. Reports from a dialogue including Christian, Judaic, Islamic, and feminist viewpoints. The Journal of Religious Ethics, 39 iv (2011) pp. 585–588.

1408. JOHANSEN, Baber. Vom Wort- zum Indizienbeweis: Die Anerkennung der richterlichen Folter in islamischen Rechtsdoktrinen des 13. und 14. Jahrhunderts. Ius Commune, 28 (2001) pp. 1–46. 1409. JOHANSEN, Baber. La découverte des choses qui parlent, la légalisation de la torture en droit musulman (XIIIe–XIVe siècle). Enquète. Anthropologie, Histoire, Sociologie, 7 (1999) pp. 175–202. 1410.

JOHANSEN, Baber. Verité et torture: ius commune et droit musulman entre le Xe et le XIIIe siècle. De la violence. Ed. Francoise Heritier. Paris: Odile Jacob, 1996, pp. 125–168.

1411.

LANGE, Christian. Torture and public executions in the Islamic middle period (eleventh–fifteenth centuries). The Cambridge world history of violence. Volume II, 500–1500 CE. Ed. Matthew S. Gordon, Richard W. Kaeuper, Harriet Zurndorfer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020, pp. 164–184.

1412.

MANNA, Haytham. Idéologie et torture: Islam, droits de l’homme et châtiments corporels. Violences et tortures dans le monde arabe. Ed. Haytham Manna. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2000, pp. 107–131.

1413.

MANNA, Haytham. Violences et tortures dans le monde arabe. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2000. 302 pp.

1414.

MOSSALLANEJAD, Ezat. Islam and consecrated tortures. Muslim diaspora: gender, culture and identity. Ed. Haideh Moghissi. London & New York: Routledge, 2006, pp. 68–78.

Traffic Accidents

145

1415.

NAʿIM, Ahmed Abdullahi An-. Critical reflections on torture, religion and politics. Muslim World: A Journal Devoted to the Study of Islam, and Christian-Muslim Relations, 103 ii (2013) pp. 259–266.

1416.

REZA, Sadiq. Torture and Islamic law. Chicago Journal of International Law, 8 i (2007) pp. 21–41.

1417.

TALHAMI, Ghada Hashem. Torture: the theology of the modern state. Muslim World: A Journal Devoted to the Study of Islam and ChristianMuslim Relations, 103 ii (2013) pp. 250–258.

1418.

YOUNG, William C. Can ethnographers contribute to an anti-torture movement in the Middle East? Global Bioethics, 13 i–ii (2000) pp. 5–13.

Traffic Accidents 1419.

KHATEEB, Abdulaziz Umar al. Liability of vehicle driver according to Islamic fiqh. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat Al-Buḥūth Al-Fiqhīyah Al-Muʿāṣirah, 70 (2006) pp. 29–33.

1420.

SID-AHMAD, Mohammad ʿAta-Alsid. Traffic accidents in Islamic law. IIUM Law Journal, 4 i–ii 1994 (1996) pp. 31–47.

1421.

YUSUF, Faisal A. al-. Expiation in cases of automobile accidents. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat Al-Buḥūth Al-Fiqhīyah Al-Muʿāṣirah, 68 (2005) pp. 13–18.

Transitional Justice 1422.

ʿARAFA, Mohamed A. Transitional justice, the seeds of change: secular law or divine (Islamic) law, quo vadis? Creighton International and Comparative Law Journal, 9 ii (2018) pp. 39–67.

1423.

ʿARAFA, Mohamed A. Insights on divine (Islamic) law: Islamophobia versus terrorism, death penalty and transitional justice, quo vadis? Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 5 iii (2016) pp. 1–5.

146

Tribal Law

1424.

PANEPINTO, Alice. Truth and transitional justice. Localising the international legal framework in Muslim majority legal systems. London: Hart Publishing, 2021. 224 pp.

1425.

WORDEN, Scott & ROSS, Shani & PARKER, Whitney & AZAR, Sahar. Analyzing post-conflict justice and Islamic law. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace. Peace Brief, 87 (2011). [online].

1426.

YUSUF, Hakeem O. Transitional justice in the Middle East and North Africa—taking account of Islam. Muslim World Journal of Human Rights, 14 i (2017) pp. 145–170.

1427.

ZOLI, C. & BASSIOUNI, M.C. & KHAN, H. Justice in post-conflict settings: Islamic law and Muslim communities as stakeholders in transition. Utrecht Journal of International and European Law, 33 lxxxv (2017) pp. 38–61.

Tribal Law 1428.

STEWART, Frank H. Tribal law in the Arab world: a review of the literature. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 19 iv (1987) pp. 473–490.

War 1429.

ABOU EL FADL, Khaled. The rules of killing at war: an inquiry into classical sources. Muslim World, 89 ii (1999) pp. 144–157.

1430.

ALDAWOODY, Ahmed (ed.). IHL and Islamic law in contemporary armed conflicts. Expert’s workshop Geneva, 29–30 October 2018. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 2019. 84 pp. [online].

1431.

ALGAR, Hamid. The problem of retaliation in modern warfare from the point of view of fiqh. The Iran-Iraq war: the politics of aggression. Ed. Farhang Rajaee. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. 1993, pp. 191–197.

War

147

1432.

BADAR, M.E. Ius in bello under Islamic international law. International Criminal Law Review, 13 iii (2013) pp. 593–625.

1433.

BAKARY, Afissou. La mise en œuvre du droit international humanitaire par les états musulmans: contribution à l’étude de la compatibilité entre DIH et droit musulman. Thèse de doctorat en droit international public, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. 654 pp.

1434.

CONRAD, G. Combatant and prisoner of war in classical Islamic law. Revue de Droit Pénal Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre, 29 (1981) pp. 269–307.

1435.

DAWOODY, Ahmed Mohsen Al-. The Islamic law of war. Justifications and regulations. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2011. 338 pp.

1436.

DAWOODY, Ahmed Mohsen Al-. War in Islamic law: justifications and regulations. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Birmingham, 2009. 435 pp.

1437.

GRÄF, Erwin. Religiöse und rechtliche Vorstellungen über Kriegsgefangene in Islam und Christentum. Welt des Islams, 8 (1962/63)  pp. 89–139.

1438.

LIM, Marvin. Human dignity and punishment in Judaic and Islamic law: war and the death penalty. Southwestern Journal of International Law, 22 ii (2016) pp. 303–358.

1439.

MUNIR, Muhammad. Debates on the rights of prisoners of war in Islamic law. Islamic Studies, 49 iv (2010) pp. 463–492.

1440. MURPHY, Ray & ZEIDY, Mohamed M. El. Prisoners of war: a comparative study of the principles of international humanitarian law and the Islamic law of war. International Criminal Law Review, 9 iv (2009) pp. 623–649. 1441.

SHAH, Niaz A. Islam and the law of armed conflict. Essential readings. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2015. 896 pp.

1442.

SHAH, N.A. The use of force under Islamic law. European Journal of International law, 24 i (2013) pp. 343–365.

148

Women, Gender

1443.

THOMAS, T.S. Prisoners of war in Islam: a legal inquiry. Muslim World, 87 i (1997) pp. 44–53.

1444.

VEINTIMILLA, Julian D. Islamic law and war crimes trials: the possibility and challenges of a war crimes tribunal against the Assad regime and ISIL. Cornell International Law Journal, 49 ii (2016) pp. 497–519.

1445.

WOOD, Asmi. Some limits on the use of armed force under the Sharia. Ecological aspects of war: religious and theological perspectives. Ed. Simon Young, Jennifer Nielsen, Jeremy Patrick. Sydney: The Federations Press, 2016, pp. 103–128.

1446.

WOOD, Asmi John. Regulation of the use of force by Islamist non-state actors. Using law to regulate such use of force. Ph.D. dissertation, The Australian National University, April 2011. 765 pp.

1447.

ZEMMALI, Ameur. Combattants et prisonniers de guerre en droit islamique et en droit international humanitaire. Paris: Pedone, 1997. 519 pp.

Women, Gender 1448.

ABUBAKAR, Musa Usman. Gender justice in Islamic law. Homicide and bodily injuries. Oxford etc.: Hart Publishing, 2018. 256 pp.

1449.

AFKHAMI, Mahnaz (ed.). Faith and freedom: women’s human rights in the Muslim world. London: I.B. Tauris, 1995. 256 pp.

1450.

BEHROUZ, Andra Nahal. Women’s rebellion: towards a new understanding of domestic violence in Islamic law. UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 5 i (2005–2006) pp. 153–177.

1451.

CHAUDHRY, Ayesha S. Domestic violence and the Islamic tradition. Ethics, law and the Muslim discourse on gender. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. 258 pp.

1452.

Women’s rights report: discrimination in the punishment of women. Tokyo: Human Rights Now, 2018. 108 pp. [online].

Women, Gender

149

1453.

GREIFF, Shaina. No justice in justifications: violence against women in the name of culture, religion, and tradition. The Global Campaign to Stop Killing and Stoning Women & Women Living Under Muslim Laws, 2010. 44 pp.

1454.

HIJAZY, Ahmed & ABDULATIF, Bahira M. ¿Lapidación? Mujer árabe, Islam y sociedad. Madrid: Olivum, 2003. 207 pp.

1455.

JONES-PAULY, Christina & DAJANI TUQAN, Abir. Women under Islam. Gender, justice and the politics of Islamic law. London: I.B. Tauris, 2011. 560 pp.

1456.

MOSAVI, Maryam. Gender discrimination for religious reasons in Islamic countries and international human rights treaties. Berlin etc.: Peter Lang, 2021. 200 pp. [Also Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Osnabrück, 2020].

1457.

QURAISHI-LANDES, Asifa. What if Sharia weren’t the enemy? Rethink­ ing international women’s rights advocacy on Islamic law. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, 25 v (2011) pp. 173–249.

1458.

QURAISHI-LANDES, Asifa. Who says Shariʿa demands the stoning of women? A description of Islamic law and constitutionalism. Berkeley Journal of Middle Eastern & Islamic Law, 1 (2008) pp. 163–177.

1459.

REZAEI, Hassan. Searching for the origins of gender violence in the Sharia discourse. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 335–346.

1460. SCHIRRMACHER, Christine. Frauen unter der Scharia. Strafrecht und Familienrecht im Islam. Frankfurt: Internationale Gesellschaft für Menschenrechte (IGFM), igfm dokumente 1, 2005. 31 pp. 1461.

STANDISH, Katerina. Understanding cultural violence and gender: honour killings; dowry murder; the zina ordinance and blood-feuds. Journal of Gender Studies, 23 ii (2014) pp. 111–124.

1462.

Women’s rights report: discrimination in the punishment of women. Tokyo: Human Rights Now, 2018. 108 pp.

150

Zinā, Unlawful Sexual Intercourse, Fornication, Adultery

1463.

ZUHUR, Sharifa. Criminal law, women and sexuality in the Middle East. Deconstructing sexuality in the Middle East: challenges and discourses. Ed. Pınar İlkkaracan. Aldershot etc.: Ashgate, 2008, pp. 17–39.

1464.

ZUHUR, Sharifa. Women’s crimes and the criminalization of sex. Al-Raida, 23/113 (2006) pp. 28–37.

1465.

ZUHUR, Sharifa. Gender, sexuality and the criminal laws in the Middle East and North Africa: a comparative study. Istanbul, Turkey: Women for Women’s Human Rights (WWHR), 2005. 75 pp.

Zinā, Unlawful Sexual Intercourse, Fornication, Adultery 1466. ADENIYI, Isa. Zina (unlawful sexual intercourse) in the modern world and its implication in the sharia. Lagos: Ad-Daawat-ul Islamiyyah Book Centre, 2000. 133 pp. 1467.

AHMED, Masrur. The crime of zina and its legal punishment read in a contextualist manner. M.A. thesis, University of London (SOAS), n.d. 38 pp.

1468.

AHMED, Syed. Law relating to fornication (zina) in the Islamic legal system: a comparative study. Hyderabad: Andhra Legal Decisions, 1999. 170 pp.

1469.

BEZOUŠKOVÀ, Lenka & LOJEK, Antonín. Adultery and fornication in historical perspectives. The Lawyer Quarterly, 4 iv (2015) pp. 261–285.

1470.

BURTON, John. Law and exegesis: the penalty for adultery in Islam. Early Islamic history: critical concepts in Islamic studies. Vol. IV: Scholarly traditions. Ed. Tamima Bayhom-Daoui, Teresa Bernheimer. London & New York: Routledge, 2014, pp. 30–44.

1471.

BURTON, John. The origin of the Islamic penalty for adultery. Trans­ actions of the Glasgow University Oriental Society, 26 (1978) pp. 16–26.

Zinā, Unlawful Sexual Intercourse, Fornication, Adultery

151

1472.

BURTON, John. The meaning of ‘ihsan’. Journal of Semitic Studies, 19 i (1974) pp. 47–75.

1473.

CARBONEILL, André. Le crime péché de zina en droit musulman: entre silence, censure et oubli. Revue de l’Océan Indien (RJOI), 4 (2003– 2004) pp. 245–258.

1474.

CARROLL, Lucy. Rejoinder to the proceedings of the seminar on adultery and fornication in Islamic jurisprudence: dimensions and perspectives. Islamic and Comparative Law Quarterly, 2 iv (1982) pp. 57–95.

1475.

COULSON, N.J. Regulation of sexual behaviour under traditional Islamic law. Society and the sexes in medieval Islam (Sixth Giorgio Levi Della Vida Biennial Conference). Ed. Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid Marsot. Malibu: Undena Publications, 1979, pp. 63–68.

1476.

EICH, Thomas. Was ist eigentlich eine Jungfrau? Arabische Debatten über Hymenrekonstruktion. Bioethische und gesundheitliche Herausforderungen für die Islamische Welt. AIDS, Drogen und Reproduk­ tionsmedizin. Beiträge eines Wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums am Asien-Afrika Institut der Universität Hamburg, 22.Juni 2007. Ed. Christian H. Meier, Raoul Motika. Asien-Afrika-Institut der Universität Hamburg & Heidelberger Centrum für Euro-Asiatische Studien e.V., 2007, pp. 11–25.

1477.

MIR-HOSSEINI, Ziba. Criminalising sexuality: zinā laws as violence against women in Muslim contexts. Sur—International Journal on Human Rights, 15 (2011) pp. 7–34.

1478.

MIR-HOSSEINI, Ziba. Criminalizing sexuality: zina laws as violence against women in Muslim contexts. The Global Campaign to Stop Killing and Stoning Women & Women Living Under Muslim Laws, 2010. 40 pp.

1479.

MIR-HOSSEINI, Ziba & HAMZIĆ, Vanja. Control and sexuality. The revival of zina laws in Muslim contexts. London: Women Living under Muslim Laws, 2010. 235 pp.

152

Zinā, Unlawful Sexual Intercourse, Fornication, Adultery

1480. MOTZKI, Harald. Wal-muḥṣanātu mina n-nisāʾi illā ma malakat aimānukum (Koran 4:24) und die koranische Sexualethik. Der Islam, 63 ii (1986) pp. 192–218. 1481.

MUTRAK, Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz Al-. Offences relating to sex in Islamic law: textual foundations. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. A comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 212–222.

1482.

KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Stoning as punishment of zina: is it valid? Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 9 iii (2018) pp. 304–321.

1483.

KATZ, Marion Holmes. The ḥadd penalty for zinā: symbol or deterrent? Texts from the early sixteenth century. The lineaments of Islam. Ed. Paul M.Cobb. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2012, pp. 351–376.

1484.

KORBATIEH, Souha. Adultery laws in Islam and stoning in the modern world. Australian Journal of Islamic Studies, 3 ii (2018) pp. 1–20.

1485.

RIZVI, S.A.H. et al. Adultery and fornication in Islamic criminal law: a debate. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. A comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 223–241.

1486.

RUBIN, Uri. “Al-walad li-l-firāsh”. On the Islamic campaign against “zinā”. Studia Islamica, 78 (1993) pp. 5–26.

1487.

SCHACHT, Joseph. Adultery as an impediment to marriage in Islamic and in canon law. Archive de l’histoire et du droit oriental et Revue international des Droits de l’Antiquité, 1 (1952), pp. 105–123.

1488.

SERJEANT, R.B. Zinā, some forms of marriage and allied topics in Western Arabia. Studies in Oriental culture and history. Festschrift for Walter Dostal. Ed. A. Gingrich, S. Haas, G. Paleczek, T. Fillitz. Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang, 1993, pp. 145–159.

1489.

URUBURU COLSA, Juan Manuel. Ley sagrada y ley civil en los países árabes: el caso del delito de fornicación ilícita. Anaquel de Estudios Árabes, 22 (2011) pp. 97–125.

part 2 Countries, Regions, Eras and Organisations

∵

Abbassids 1490. BERKEL, Maaike van. Abbasid maẓālim between theory and practice. Bulletin d’Études Orientales, 63/2014 (2015) pp. 229–242. 1491.

BERKEL, Maaike van. Embezzlement and reimbursement. Disciplining officials in ʿAbbasid Baghdad (8th–10th centuries AD). International Journal of Public Administration, 34 (2011) pp. 712–719.

1492.

COOPERSON, Michael. Two ʿAbbasid trials: Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal and Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq. Al-Qanṭara, 22 ii (2001) pp. 375–393.

1493.

GABRIELI, F. La zandaqa au premier siècle abbaside. L’élaboration de l’Islam. Ed. Claude Cahen et al. Paris, 1961, pp. 23–38.

1494.

HURVITZ, Nimrod. Who is the accused? The interrogation of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Al-Qanṭara, 22 ii (2001) pp. 359–373.

1495.

LAGRANGE, Fréderic. Un affaire de viol. Tumultes, 41 (2013) pp. 61–70.

1496.

LANGE, Christian. Islamisches Recht und öffentliche Ordnung in der Spätzeit des Kalifats (5.–7./11.–13. Jahrhundert). Islamische und westliche Jurisprudenz des Mittelalters im Vergleich. Ed. Christian R. Lange, Wolfgang P. Müller, Christoph K. Neumann. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2018, pp. 105–121.

1497.

LAOUST, Henri. L’hérésiographie musulmane sous les Abbasides. Cahiers de Civilisation médiévale, x (1967) pp. 157–178.

1498.

MASSIGNON, Louis. La passion de Husayn ibn Mansur Hallaj. 4 vols. Paris, 1975.

1499.

NAWAS, John. ʿAbbāsid state violence and the execution of Ibn ʿĀʾisha. Violence in Islamic thought from the Qurʾān to the Mongols. Ed. Robert Gleave, István T. Kristó-Nagy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015, pp. 128–140.

1500. SARHAN, Saud al-. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal’s legal opinions on the fight against Bābak’s uprising: “I don’t know of anyone who is more harmful to Islam than he, the evil wretch”. Journal of Abbasid Studies, 6 i (2019) pp. 86–105. © Olaf Köndgen, 2022 | doi:10.1163/9789004472785_003

156

Abbassids

1501.

TILLIER, Mathieu. Judicial authority and qāḍīs’ autonomy under the ʿAbbāsids. Al-Masaq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean, 26 ii (2014) pp. 119–131.

1502.

TILLIER, Mathieu. Les prisonniers dans la société musulmane (IIe/ VIIIe–IVe/Xe siècle). Dynamiques sociales au Moyen Âge en Occident et en Orient. Ed. Élisabeth Malamut. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l’Université de Provence, 2010, pp. 191–212.

1503.

TILLIER, Mathieu. Women before the qāḍī under the Abbasids. Islamic Law and Society, 16 iii/iv (2009) pp. 280–301.

1504.

TILLIER, Mathieu. Qāḍīs and the political use of the maẓālim jurisdiction under the ʿAbbāsids. Public violence in Islamic societies: power, discipline and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE. Ed. Christian Lange, Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 42–66.

1505.

TILLIER, Mathieu. Les cadis d’Iraq et l’État abbasside (132/750–334/945). Damascus: Institut français du Proche-Orient (IFPO), 2009. 869 pp.

1506.

TILLIER, Mathieu. Prisons et autorités urbaines sous les Abbassides. Arabica, 55 (2008) pp. 387–408.

1507.

TILLIER, Mathieu. La société abbasside au miroir du tribunal: Égalité juridique et hiérarchie sociale. Annales islamologiques, 42 (2008) pp. 157–186.

1508.

VAJDA, Georges. Les zindîqs en pays d’Islam au début de la période ʿabbâside. Rivista degli Studi Orientali, 17 (1937) pp. 173–229.

1509.

ZAKHARIA, Katia (ed.) & TONDI, Arianna (trans.). Gialli d’Oriente. Racconti polizieschi dal medioevo arabo. Lecce: Manni, 2012. 251 pp.

1510.

ZAMAN, Muhammad Qasim. The caliphs, the ʿulamā, and the law: defining the role and function of the caliph in the early ʿAbbāsid period. Islamic Law and Society, 4 (1997) pp. 1–36.

1511.

ZOUACHE, Abbès. Têtes en guerre au Proche-Orient: mutilations et décapitations. Ve–VIe/XIe–XIIe siècles. Annales Islamologiques/ Ḥawliyāt Islāmiyah, 43 (2009) pp. 195–244.

Afghanistan

157

Afghanistan 1512.

Afghanistan: blood feuds, traditional law (pashtunwali) and traditional conflict resolution. Oslo: Landinfo. Country of Origin Information Centre, 2011. 22 pp.

1513.

Afghanistan: criminal law, customary justice and informal dispute resolution. Country of origin information report. European Asylum Support Office (EASO), 2020. 45 pp. [online].

1514.

AFSHAR, Mandana Knust Rassekh. The case of an Afghan apostate— the right to a fair trial between Islamic law and human rights in the Afghan constitution. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online, 10 (2006) pp. 591–605.

1515.

AHMAD, Aisha. Taliban and the Islamic Courts Union: how they changed the game in Afghanistan and Somalia? Policy Perspectives, 6 ii (2009) pp. 55–72.

1516.

AHMED, Faiz. Judicial reform in Afghanistan: a case study in the new Criminal Procedure Code. Hastings International & Comparative Law Review, 29 i (2005) pp. 93–134.

1517.

AHSAN, Sonia. When Muslims become feminists: khana-yi aman, Islam, and pashtunwali. Afghanistan’s Islam: from conversion to the Taliban. Ed. Nile Green. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2017, pp. 225–241.

1518.

AMIN, Sayed Hassan. Law, reform, and revolution in Afghanistan: implications for Central Asia and the Islamic world. Glasgow, UK: Royston, 1993. 206 pp.

1519.

An introduction to the criminal law of Afghanistan. Afghanistan Legal Education Project (ALEP). Stanford: Stanford Law School, 2012. 159 pp.

1520.

ATTAEI, Hameed. Formal and informal justice in Afghanistan. Con­ flicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 381–390.

158

Afghanistan

1521.

AYYUBI, Sameera. Conflict resolution in Afghanistan and the role of women in formal and informal justice. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 371–380.

1522.

BARFIELD, T. Afghanistan: the local and the global in practice of Shariʿa. Shariʿa politics. Islamic law and society in the modern world. Ed. Robert W. Hefner. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2011, pp. 179–206.

1523.

BECK, S. Das afghanische Strafgesetzbuch vom Jahre 1924. Aus dem Persischen übersetzt und mit einer allgemeinen Einleitung in die afghanische Strafgesetzgebung versehen. Die Welt des Islams, 11 (1928) pp. 67–157.

1524.

BRAITHWAITE, J. & WARDAK, A. Crime and war in Afghanistan part I: the Hobbesian solution. British Journal of Criminology, 53 ii (2013) pp. 179–196.

1525.

CARLSON, Christopher W. Do it for the kids: the Afghan Juvenile Code in practice. The Indonesian Journal of International and Comparative Law: Socio-Political Perspectives, 2 iii (2015) pp. 555.

1526.

DOST, Ferial. Das afghanische Recht versus die Rechtsanwendungs­ praxis mit frauen- und mädchenspezifischem Schwerpunkt: Afghanische Verfassung, Scharia, internationale Menschenrechtsabkommen und afghanisches Jugendstrafrecht. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2019. 300 pp.

1527.

GHOLAMI, Hossein. Basics of Afghan law and criminal justice: a manual for the Afghan police and legal professionals. Berlin: The Federal Government, 2006. 298 pp.

1528.

GIUSTOZZI, Antonio & FRANCO, Claudio & BACZKO, Adam. Shadow justice. How the Taliban run their judiciary? Kabul: Integrity Watch Afghanistan, 2012. 60 pp.

1529.

HAKIMI, Aziz & WIMPELMANN, Torunn. Missing from the picture: men imprisoned for ‘moral crimes’. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, CMI Insight, 2 (2018). 8 pp.

Afghanistan

159

1530.

HAMIT, Sherazad. Apostasy and the notion of religious freedom in Islam. Macalester Islam Journal, 1/2 (2006) pp. 31–38.

1531.

HASHIMZAI, Mohammad Qasim. The law of theft and related offences in Afghanistan as compared with that of other countries especially England. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Sheffield, 1983.

1532.

“I had to run away”: The imprisonment of women and girls for “moral crimes” in Afghanistan. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2012. 120 pp.

1533.

JUPP, John. Legal transplants as solutions for post-intervention criminal law reform: Afghanistan’s Interim Criminal Procedure Code 2004. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 61 i (2013) pp. 51–91.

1534.

KARAMPATSI, Eleni. Afghanistan. A comparative approach between EU members and Asian countries. Thessaloniki: The European Law Students Association, Legal Research Group on Criminal Law Perspec­ tives on Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment, n.d., pp. 5–15.

1535.

Landinfo Afghanistan—Rettvesen og straffeforfølgelse. Oslo: Landinfo, 2010, 28 May.

1536.

LAU, Martin. Islamic law and the Afghan legal system. London School of Economics Research Online, 2010. 17 pp.

1537.

LAU, Martin. Legal reconstruction and Islamic law in Afghanistan. The law applied: contextualizing the Islamic Shariʿa. A volume in honor of Frank E. Vogel. Ed. P. Bearman et al. London: I.B. Tauris, 2008, pp. 216–234.

1538.

LAU, Martin. Afghanistan’s legal system and its compatibility with international human rights standards: final report. International Com­ mission of Jurists, Geneva, 2002. 59 pp.

1539.

LAU, Martin. An introduction to Afghanistan’s legal system. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 8 (2001–2002) pp. 27–44.

1540.

MOHAMAD, Tun Abdul Hamid. In search of a suitable model of penal code for Afghanistan. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 4 ii (2013) pp. 298–303.

160

Afghanistan

1541.

MOHAMMAD, F. & CONWAY, P. Justice and law enforcement in Afghanistan under the Taliban: How much is likely to change? Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 26 i (2003) pp. 162–167.

1542.

MUNIR, Muhammad. The Layha for the Mujahideen: an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law. Inter­ national Review of the Red Cross, 93/883 (2011) pp. 81–102.

1543.

PFEIFFER, Julia. Traditional dispute resolution mechanisms in Afghanistan and their relationship to the national justice sector. Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, 44 i (2011) pp. 81–98.

1544.

RÖDER, T.J. Human rights standards in Afghan courtrooms: the theory and reality of the right to a fair trial. Beiträge zum islamischen Recht, vol. 7: Islam und Menschenrechte. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2010, pp. 329–359.

1545.

SAFI, Mohammad Ismail. Honor killings in Afghanistan. Perspective of Sharia and law. LL.M. thesis, International Islamic University (Islamabad), 2014. 166 pp.

1546.

SINGH, Danny. The management of legal pluralism and human rights in decentralized Afghanistan. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 51 iii (2019) pp. 350–380.

1547.

STRAND, A. Afghanistan. Blodhemn og privat hemn. Bakgrunn og praksis. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI), 2007.

1548.

SUHRKE, Astri & BORCHGREVINK, Kaja. Negotiating justice sector reform in Afghanistan. Crime, Law and Social Change, 51 ii (2008) pp. 211–230.

1549.

TAWFIK, Ahmed Hamdy. The concept of crime in the Afghan criminal justice system: the paradox between secular, tradition and Islamic law. A viewpoint of an international practitioner. International Criminal Law Review, 9 (2009) pp. 667–687.

Afghanistan

161

1550.

TELLENBACH, Silvia. Streiflichter zum neuen afghanischen Straf­ gesetzbuch. Islamisches Recht in Wissenschaft und Praxis. Festschrift zu Ehren von Hans-Georg Ebert. Ed. Hatem Elliesie, Beate Anam, Thoralf Hanstein. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2018, pp. 235–248.

1551.

TELLENBACH, Silvia. Fair trial guarantees in criminal proceedings under Islamic, Afghan constitutional, and international law. Zeit­ schrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 64 (2004) pp. 929–941.

1552.

TELLENBACH, Silvia. The Shariʿa in the Afghan constitution and its implications for the legal order: constitutional and administrative law, governmental system, administration of justice—fair trial guarantees in criminal proceedings under Islamic, Afghan constitutional and international law. Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 64 iv (2004).

1553.

WARDAK, A. & BRAITHWAITE, J. Crime and war in Afghanistan part II: a Jeffersonian alternative? British Journal of Criminology, 53 ii (2013) pp. 197–214.

1554.

WARDAK, A. State and non-state justice systems in Afghanistan: the need for synergy. University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, 32 v (2011) pp. 1305–1324.

1555.

WARDAK, A. Rebuilding the justice system in Afghanistan: problems and prospects. Euro-Atlantic Quarterly, 16 (2009) pp. 21–30.

1556.

WARDAK, A. Structures of authority and local dispute settlement in Afghanistan. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 347–370.

1557.

WARDAK, Ali. Building a post-war justice system in Afghanistan. Crime Law & Social Change, 41 (2004) pp. 319–341.

1558.

WIMPELMANN, Torunn. Adultery, rape, and escaping the house: the protection and policing of female sexuality in Afghanistan. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2017. 15 pp.

162

Africa, West Africa

1559.

WIMPELMANN, Torunn. The pitfalls of protection. Gender, violence and power in Afghanistan. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2017. 230 pp.

1560.

WIMPELMANN, Torunn. One step forward and many to the side: combating gender violence in Afghanistan, 2001–2014. Women’s Studies International Forum, 51 (2015) pp. 101–109.

1561.

WIMPELMANN, Torunn. The price of protection. Gender, violence and power in Afghanistan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2013. 234 pp.

1562.

YASSARI, Nadjma & SABOORY, Mohammad Hamid. Sharia and national law in Afghanistan. Sharia incorporated: a comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim countries in past and present. Ed. Jan Michiel Otto. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010, pp. 273–317.

Africa, West Africa 1563.

DALGLEISH, David. Pre-colonial criminal justice in West Africa: Euro­centric thought versus Africentric evidence. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, 1 i (2005) pp. 55–69.

1564.

JALLOH, Charles Chernor & BANTEKAS, Ilias (eds.). The development of criminal law and criminal justice in Africa from pre-colonial rule to the present day. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. 387 pp.

Algeria 1565.

Algeria. Policing belief. The impact of blasphemy laws on human rights. A Freedom House Special Report. Washington, DC: Freedom House, 2010, pp. 13–20.

1566.

BENATEK, Abdelatif. Contribution à l’étude de l’homicide volontaire: ancien droit français, droit musulman et droit algérien. Thèse de doctorat en Histoire du droit, Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris-II), 1996.

Arab League

163

1567.

BEN HOUNET, Y. La diya (prix du sang): gestion sociale de la violence et logiques sacrificielles en Algérie (Sud-Oranais). Annales de la Fondation Fyssen, 24 (2010) pp. 196–215.

1568.

BÉTINA, Zine Eddine. La complicité: ancien droit français, droit musulman, droit algérien. Thèse de doctorat en Histoire du droit, Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris-II), 1994. 285 pp.

1569.

CHERIF, Mouna Mohammed. La conversion ou l’apostasie entre le système juridique musulman et les lois constitutionnelles dans l’Algérie indépendante. Cahiers d’Études du Religieux. Recherches interdisciplinaires, Numéro spécial, 2011. [online].

1570.

DESPORTES, E. Procédures et voies d’exécution en matière musulmane algérienne. Alger, 1949.

1571.

EYSSAUTIER, L.A. Cours criminelles musulmanes et tribunaux répressifs indigènes. Alger: A. Jourdan, 1903, 28 pp.

1572.

HOEXTER, Miriam. La shurta ou la repression des crimes à Alger à l’époque turque. Studia Islamica, 56 (1982) pp. 117–146.

1573.

LEMONNIER, Henri. La “dia” ou prix du sang en Algérie. Revue Inter­ nationale de Droit Pénal, 4 i (1927) pp. 110–124.

1574.

MORAND, Marcel. Introduction à l’étude de la preuve. Etudes de droit musulman algérien. Alger, 1910, pp. 313–336.

1575.

SANA, Rabah. La problématique de la liberté de religion en droit algérien: la difficile conciliation entre le confessionalisme politique et la liberté de religion. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université Toulouse 1, 2012. 366 pp.

Arab League 1576.

ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami A. Les sanctions dans l’islam: avec le texte et la traduction du code pénal arabe unifié de la Ligue arabe. Saint-Sulpice, Switzerland: Centre de droit arabe et musulman, 2016. 91 pp. + 330 pp. [Arabic text].

164

Bangladesh

Bangladesh 1577.

BARI, Hussain M. Fazlul. Evolution of the criminal justice system in Bangladesh: colonial legacies, trends and issues. Commonwealth Law Bulletin, 45 i (2019) pp. 25–46.

1578.

HASAN, Md Mahmudul. Free speech, ban and “fatwa”: a study of the Taslima Nasrin affair. Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 46 v (2010) pp. 540–552.

1579.

HOSSAIN, Sara. ‘Apostates’, Ahmadis and advocates: use and abuse of offences against religion in Bangladesh. Warning signs of fundamentalisms. Ed. Ayesha Imam, Jenny Morgan, Nira Yuval-Davis. London: Women Living Under Muslim Laws (WLUML), 2004, pp. 83–97.

1580.

ISLAM, Mohammad Saiful. Criminal accountability and juvenile offenders: a study under Islamic principles, international law and the Children Act, 2013. International Journal of Ethics in Social Sciences, 3 ii (2015) pp. 51–62.

1581.

MUNSHI, Jiaor Rahman. Homicide in Islamic law and conventional law as applied in Bangladesh: a comparative analysis. Manarat International University Studies, 4 i (2015) pp. 95–102.

1582.

Widespread riddah in Bangladesh. Muslim & Arab Perspectives, 3 i–vi (1996) pp. 51–52.

Brunei 1583.

BLACK, Ann. Casting the first stone: the significance of Brunei Darussalam’s Syariah Penal Code Order for LGBT Bruneians. Australian Journal of Asian Law, 20 i (2019), pp. 1–17.

1584.

Brunei Darussalam. Keeping the faith: a study of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion in ASEAN. Ed. David Cohen, Kevin Tan. West Java: University of Indonesia, Human Rights Resource Centre, 2015, pp. 55–98.

Brunei

165

1585.

JUNED, Awang Abdul Aziz bin. The Shariʿah Penal Code: an introduction. Brunei Darusssalam: State Mufti’s Office, 2013. 218 pp.

1586.

LINDSEY, Tim & STEINER, Kerstin. Islam, the monarchy and criminal law in Brunei: the Syariah Penal Code Order, 2013. Griffith Law Review, 25 iv (2016) pp. 552–580.

1587.

MOHAMAD, Tun Abdul Hamid. Implementation of hudud in Brunei: differences between Brunei and Malaysia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 5 ii (2014) pp. 149–161.

1588.

MOHAMED, Mansurah Izzul. Understanding the situation on the ground. Journal of Islamic Law, 1 (2020) pp. 157–166.

1589.

MOTTET, Éric. Brunei: de la rente pétro-gazière à la charia. Monde Chinois, 38–39 ii–iii (2014) pp. 168–170.

1590.

MÜLLER, Dominik M. Bruneiʾs Sharīʿa Penal Code Order: punitive turn or the art of non-punishment? Journal of Islamic Law, 1 (2020) pp. 167–187.

1591.

MÜLLER, Dominik M. Paradoxical normativities in Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia: Islamic law and the ASEAN human rights declaration. Asian Survey, 56 iii (2016) pp. 415–441.

1592.

MÜLLER, Dominik M. Sharia law and the politics of “faith control” in Brunei Darussalam: dynamics of socio-legal change in a Southeast Asian Sultanate. Internationales Asienforum: International Quarterly for Asian Studies, 46 iii–iv (2015) pp. 313–345.

1593.

RABB, Intisar. Foreword. Codification of Islamic criminal law. Journal of Islamic Law, 1 (2020) pp. 146–156.

1594.

STRATIL, Michael. Islamisieren und strafen. Kontroversen um Bruneis Scharia-Strafrecht. Südostasien, 1 (2016) pp. 1–2.

1595.

WALKER, Nigel (compiled by). LGBT rights in Brunei. Debate pack. London: House of Commons Library, 2019. 19 pp.

166

Caucasus

1596.

YAHYA, Hajah Nurul Akmalina Binti Haji. The applicability of Islamic criminal law in Brunei Darussalam: problems and prospects. Master thesis of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Fiqh & Uṣūl Fiqh). Gombak, Selangor: International Islamic University Malaysia, 2010. 116 pp.

1597.

ZULFIQAR, Adnan A. Pursuing over-criminalization at the expense of Islamic law. Journal of Islamic Law, 1 (2020) pp. 189–193.

Caucasus 1598.

ALBOGACHIEVA, M. Blood feud in Ingushetia: differences in adat and sharia. State and legal practice in the Caucasus: anthropological perspectives on law and politics. Ed. Stéphane Voell, Iwona Kaliszewska. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2015, pp. 51–57.

1599.

BOBROVNIKOV, Vladimir. Mythologizing Sharia courts in the postSoviet North Caucasus. ISIM Newsletter, 5 (2000) pp. 25.

1600. COMINS-RICHMOND, Walter. Legal pluralism in the North-West Caucasus: the role of Sharia courts. Religion, State & Society, 32 i (2004) pp. 59–73. 1601.

MUSAEV, Makhach. The prohibition of alcohol in Islam: religious imperatives and practices in seventeenth to nineteenth-century Dagestan. State, Religion, and Church, 4 i (2017) pp. 4–25.

Early Islam, Umayyads 1602.

AHMEDOV, Aibek. Religious minorities and apostasy in early Islamic states: legal and historical analysis of sources. Journal of Islamic State Practices in International Law, 2 iii (2006) pp. 1–17.

1603.

ANTHONY, Sean W. The Meccan prison of ʿAbdallāh b. al-Zubayr and the imprisonment of Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyya. The heritage of AraboIslamic learning. Studies presented to Wadad Kadi. Ed. Maurice A. Pomerantz, Aram A. Shahin. Leiden & Boston, 2016, pp. 3–27.

Early Islam, Umayyads

167

1604. ANTHONY, Sean W. Crucifixion and death as spectacle: Umayyad crucifixion in its late antique context. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 2014. 99 pp. 1605.

BRAVMANN, M.M. The spiritual background of early Islam, studies in ancient Arab concepts. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2009. 336 pp. [See chapter 14 “The community’s participation in the punishment of crime in early Arab society”, pp. 315–333.]

1606. BRINKMANN, Stefanie. Beer in early Islam: a ḥadīth perspective. Arabist: Budapest Studies in Arabic, 36 (2015) pp. 3–34. 1607.

ÇINAR, Hüseyin İlker. Das Strafrecht ʿuqūbāt und seine unterschiedlichen Einrichtungen bei den vorislamischen Arabern unter Berücksichtigung des frühislamischen Rechts. Journal of Religious Culture/Journal für Religionskultur, 99 (2008) pp. 1–10.

1608. ÇINAR, Hüseyin İlker. Die islamische Überlieferungsliteratur zur Rechtslage im Frühislam unter Berücksichtigung Altarabiens. Münster etc.: LIT Verlag, 2003. 276 pp. 1609. DAAÏF, Lahcen. Le prix du sang (diya) au premier siècle de l’Islam. Hypothèses, 10 i (2006) pp. 329–342. 1610.

DONNER, Fred M. The shurta in early Umayyad Syria. Proceedings of the third symposium on the history of Bilād al-Shām-Umayyad period. Ed. Muhammad Adnan Bakhit, Muhammad Asfour, Robert Schick. Amman, 1989, vol. 2, pp. 247–262.

1611.

GRÄF, Erwin. Eine wichtige Rechtsdirektive ʿUthmans aus dem Jahre 30. Oriens, 16 (1963) pp. 122–133.

1612.

HAWTING, Gerald. The case of Jaʿd b. Dirham and the punishment of ‘heretics’ in the early caliphate. Public violence in Islamic societies: power, discipline, and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE. Ed. Christian Lange, Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 27–41.

168

Early Islam, Umayyads

1613.

HURVITZ, Nimrod. The contribution of early Islamic rulers to adjudication and legislation: the case of the mazalim tribunals. Law and Empire. Ideas, practices, actors. Ed. Jeroen Duindam et al. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 135–156.

1614.

KUENY, Kathryn. The rhetoric of sobriety: wine in early Islam. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2001. 199 pp.

1615.

LANDAU-TASSERON, Ella. The participation of Ṭayyiʾ in the ridda. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 5 (1984) pp. 53–71.

1616.

LIEW, Han Hsien. Ibn al-Jawzī and the cursing of Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya: a debate on rebellion and legitimate rulership. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 139 iii (2019) pp. 631–646.

1617.

MARSHAM, Andrew. Attitudes to the use of fire in executions in late antiquity and early Islam: the burning of heretics and rebels in late Umayyad Iraq. Violence in Islamic thought from the Qurʾān to the mongols. Ed. Robert Gleave, István T. Kristó-Nagy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015, pp. 106–127.

1618.

MARSHAM, Andrew. Public execution in the Umayyad period: early Islamic punitive practice and its late antique context. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 11 (2011) pp. 101–136.

1619.

PAVLOVITCH, Pavel. The Islamic penalty for adultery in the third century AH and al-Shāfiʿī’s Risāla. Early Islamic history: critical concepts in Islamic studies. Vol. IV: Scholarly traditions. Ed. Tamima Bayhom-Daoui, Teresa Bernheimer. London & New York: Routledge, 2014, pp. 133–160.

1620.

PAVLOVITCH, Pavel. The ʿUbāda b. al-Ṣāmit tradition at the crossroads of methodology. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 11 (2011) pp. 137–235.

1621.

PAVLOVITCH, Pavel. The stoning of a pregnant adulteress from Juhayna: the early evolution of a Muslim tradition. Islamic Law and Society, 17 (2010) pp. 1–62.

Early Islam, Umayyads

169

1622.

PAVLOVITCH, Pavel. Early development of the tradition of the selfconfessed adulterer in Islam. An isnād and matn analysis. Al-Qanṭara, 31 ii (2010) pp. 371–410.

1623.

RASHID, Arssan Mussa. The role of the shurṭa in early Islam. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Edinburgh, 1983. 252 pp.

1624.

REINFANDT, Lucian. Eid und Wahrheitsfindung in der frühen muslimischen Rechtsprechung. Wien: Imperium and Officium Working Papers, 2014. 26 pp.

1625.

REINFANDT, Lucian. Bewaffneter Raub und Kreuzigung im frühen Islam. Strafe und Strafrecht in den antiken Welten, unter Berücksichtigung von Todesstrafe, Hinrichtung und peinlicher Befragung. Ed. Robert Rollinger, Martin Lang, Heinz Barta. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag (Reihe: Philippika 51), 2012, pp. 249–259.

1626.

REYNOLDS, Dwight F. Song and punishment. Arabic humanities, Islamic thought: essays in honor of Everett K. Rowson. Ed. Joseph E. Lowry, Shawkat M. Toorawa. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2017, pp. 211–232.

1627.

ROWSON, Everett K. Reveal or conceal: public humiliation and banishment as punishments in early Islamic times. Public violence in Islamic societies: power, discipline and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE. Ed. Christian Lange, Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 119–129.

1628.

SIMONSOHN, Uriel. Conversion, apostasy, and penance: the shifting identities of Muslim converts in the early Islamic period. Conversion in late antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and beyond. Papers from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar. University of Oxford, 2009–2010. Ed. Arietta Papaconstantinou, Neil McLynn, Daniel L. Schwartz. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2015, pp. 197–215.

1629.

SIMONSOHN, Uriel. “Halting between two opinions”: conversion and apostasy in early Islam. Medieval Encounters: Jewish, Christian and Muslim Cultures in Confluence and Dialogue, 19 iii (2013) pp. 342–370.

170 1630.

Egypt

SURTY, Muhammad Ibrahim H.I. The ethical code and organised procedure of early Islamic law courts, with reference to al-Khaṣṣāf’s Adab al-Qāḍī. Criminal justice in Islam: judicial procedure in the shariʿa. Ed. Muhammad Abdel Haleem, Adel Omar Sherif, Kate Daniels, London: I.B. Tauris, 2003, pp. 149–166.

Egypt 1631.

ABAZA, Mona. Civil society and Islam in Egypt: the case of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd. Journal of Arabic, Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, 2 ii (1995) pp. 29–42.

1632.

ABU HAIF, ʿAli Sadiq. Le dièh ou prix du sang en droit musulman et son maintien dans les lois et les moeurs de l’Egypte moderne. Etude historique, juridique et pratique. Le Caire: A. Enani, 1932. 318 pp.

1633.

ABU ZAYD, Nasr. Inquisition trial in Egypt. Recht van de Islam, 15 (1998) pp. 47–55.

1634.

ABU ZAYD, Nasr. The case of Abu Zaid. Index on Censorship, 25 iv (1996) pp. 30–39.

1635.

ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. L’apostasia nel diritto musulmano, il caso dell’Egitto. Veritas et Jus (Facoltà di Teologia di Lugano), 6 (2013) pp. 35–62.

1636.

ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Le changement de religion en Égypte. Islamochristiana/Dirāsāt Islāmīyah Masīḥīyah, 36 (2010) pp. 229–262.

1637.

AZHARY SONBOL, Amira El-. Class and violence in nineteenth-century Egypt. The law applied: contextualizing the Islamic Shariʿa. Ed. Peri Bearman, Wolfhart Heinrichs, Bernard G. Weiss. London: I.B. Tauris, 2008, pp. 150–172.

1638.

BAER, Gabriel. The transition from traditional to Western criminal law in Turkey and Egypt. Studia Islamica, XLV (1977) pp. 139–158.

Egypt

1639.

171 BAER, Gabriel. Tanzimat in Egypt—the Penal Code. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 26 (1963) pp. 29–49. [Reprinted in BAER, Gabriel. Studies in the social history of modern Egypt, 1969, Chicago University Press, pp. 109–132.]

1640. BAILEY, Clinton. Bedouin law from Sinai and the Negev. Justice without government. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2009. 375 pp. 1641.

BAKR, Ayman & COLLA, Elliot. ‘Silencing is at the heart of my case’. Middle East Report, 185/23 vi (1993) pp. 27–29.

1642.

BALDWIN, James E. Islamic law and empire in Ottoman Cairo. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. 248 pp.

1643.

BALDWIN, James E. Islamic law in an Ottoman context: resolving disputes in late 17th/early 18th-century Cairo. Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 2010. 326 pp.

1644.

BÄLZ, Kilian. Die Popularklage zur Verteidigung der „Rechte Gottes“: Hisba im heutigen Ägypten. Verfassung und Recht in Übersee, 31 i (1998) pp. 60–69.

1645.

BÄLZ, Kilian. Submitting faith to judicial scrutiny through the family trial: the Abū Zaid case. Die Welt des Islams, 37 (1997) pp. 135–156.

1646.

BARON, Beth. Women, honour, and the state: evidence from Egypt. Middle Eastern Studies, 42 i (2006) pp. 1–20.

1647.

BAUDEN, Frédéric. The role of interpreters in Alexandria in the light of an oath (qasāma) taken in the year 822 AH/1419 AD. Continuity and change in the realms of Islam: studies in honour of Professor Urbain Vermeulen. Ed. K. D’Hulster, J. van Steenbergen. Leuven: Peeters, 2008, pp. 33–63.

1648.

BENTLAGE, Björn. Der aktuelle Abtreibungsdiskurs in Ägypten. Reproduktionsmedizin bei Muslimen: säkulare und religiöse Ethiken im Widerstreit? Beiträge eines wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums am Interfakultären Zentrum für Ethik in den Wissenschaften (IZEW ) der Universität Tübingen am 20. Juni 2008. Ed. Thomas Eich. Tübingen, 2009, pp. 26–47. [online].

172

Egypt

1649.

BENTLAGE, Björn. Die Moral der Ärzte—Die Rolle der ägyptischen Ärztekammer am Beispiel von Hymenrekonstruktion und Organ­ transplantation. Bioethische und gesundheitliche Herausforderun­ gen für die Islamische Welt. AIDS, Drogen und Reproduktionsmedizin. Beiträge eines Wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums am Asien-Afrika Institut der Universität Hamburg, 22. Juni 2007. Ed. Christian H. Meier, Raoul Motika. Asien-Afrika-Institut der Universität Hamburg & Heidelberger Centrum für Euro-Asiatische Studien e.V., 2007, pp. 27–39.

1650.

BERGER, Maurits S. Apostasy and public policy in contemporary Egypt: an evaluation of recent cases from Egypt’s highest courts. Human Rights Quarterly, 25 (2003) pp. 720–740.

1651.

BERNARD-MAUGIRON, Nathalie. Can hisba be “modernised”? The individual and the protection of the general interest before Egyptian courts. Standing trial: law and the person in the modern Middle East. Ed. Baudouin Dupret. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 2004, pp. 318–344.

1652.

BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Le droit pénal et les réformes en Egypte au XIXe siècle. Revue tunisienne de droit, 1 ii (1990) pp. 117–145.

1653.

BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Le projet de code pénal islamique en Egypte. XXIII Deutscher Orientalistentag vom 16.–20. September 1985 in Würzburg. Ausgewählte Vorträge. Ed. Einar von Schuler. Wiesbaden & Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1989, pp. 111–117.

1654.

BORI, Caterina. The many roads to justice: a case of adultery in sixteenth-century Cairo. A historical approach to casuistry. Norms and exceptions in a comparative perspective. Ed. Carlo Ginzburg, Lucio Biasiori. London etc.: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019, pp. 113–131.

1655.

BRETT, Michael. The execution of Ibn Badūs. Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk eras, VII. Proceedings of the 16th, 17th and 18th international colloquium organized at the University of Ghent in May 2007, 2008 and 2009. Ed. U. Vermeulen, K. D’Hulster, J. van Steenbergen. Leuven: Peeters, 2013, pp. 21–29.

1656.

BROADBRIDGE, Anne F. Apostasy trials in eighth/fourteenth century Egypt and Syria: a case study. History and historiography of post-Mongol Central Asia and the Middle East. Studies in honor of John E. Woods.

Egypt

173 Ed. Judith Pfeiffer, Sholeh A. Quinn. Harrossowitz: Wiesbaden, 2006, pp. 363–382.

1657.

BROWN, Nathan. Debating the Islamic shariʿa in 21st-century Egypt. Review of Faith & International Affairs, 10 iv (2012) pp. 9–17.

1658.

De la confiscation des droits à des accusations d’apostasie: implications de la décision d’un tribunal égyptien ordonnant le divorce de Dr. Nasr Hamed Abu-Zeid et de son épouse, Dr. Ibthal Younis. Centre d’Assistance Juridique des Droits Humains (Center for Human Rights Legal Aid—CHRLA)/Women Living under Muslim Laws: Dossier 14–15 (1996) pp. 35–47.

1659.

DÉVÉNYI, Kinga. Apostasy in modern Egyptian law. Arabist: Budapest Studies in Arabic, 38 (2017) pp. 1–14.

1660. DUPRET, Baudouin. The categories of morality: homosexuality between perversion and debauchery. Narratives of truth in Islamic law. Ed. Baudouin Dupret, Barbara Drieskens, Annelies Moors. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008, pp. 289–323. 1661.

DUPRET, Baudouin & FERRIÉ, Noël. The inner self and public order. Muslim traditions and modern techniques of power. Ed. Armando Salvatore. Münster etc.: LIT Verlag, 2001, pp. 141–162.

1662.

DUPRET, Baudouin. Normality, responsibility, morality: virginity and rape in an Egyptian legal context. Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam. Münster etc.: LIT Verlag, 2000. 13 pp.

1663.

DUPRET, Baudouin. A propos de l’affaire Abu Zayd: universitaire pursuivi pour apostasie. Le procès: l’argumentation des tribunaux. Monde Arabe Maghreb-Mashrek, 151 (1999) pp. 18–22.

1664.

DUPRET, Baudouin & FERRIÉ, Noël. Participer au pouvoir, c’est édicter la norme: sur l’affaire Abu Zayd (Egypte, 1992–1996). Revue Française de Science Politique, 47 vi (1997) pp. 762–775.

174 1665.

Egypt

DUPRET, Baudouin & BAJAZET. L’affaire Abû Zayd, universitaire poursuivi pour apostasie. Monde Arabe Maghreb-Machrek, 151 (1996) pp. 18–31.

1666. Egypt. Policing belief. The impact of blasphemy laws on human rights. A Freedom House Special Report. Washington, DC: Freedom House, 2010, pp. 21–34. 1667.

ELDINE, M.A. Charaf. Le talion en droit égyptien et musulman. Revue de sciences criminelles et de droit comparé, 1975, pp. 393–401.

1668. ELFEGIRY, Moataz Ahmed Ahmed Mohamed. Islamic law and human rights in the thought and practice of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2016. 380 pp. 1669. FAHMY, Khaled. In quest of justice: Islamic law and forensic medicine in modern Egypt. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2018. 377 pp. 1670.

FAHMY, Khaled. Rudolph Peters and the history of modern Egyptian law. Legal documents as sources for the history of Muslim societies. Ed. Maaike van Berkel, Léon Buskens, Petra M. Sijpesteijn. Leiden: Brill, 2017, pp. 12–35.

1671.

FAHMY, Khaled. The birth of the secular individual: medical and legal methods of identification in 19th-century Egypt. Registration and recognition: documenting the person in world history. Ed. Keith Breckenridge, Simon Szerter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 335–356.

1672.

FAHMY, Khaled. Justice, law and pain in Khedival Egypt. Standing trial. Law and the person in the modern Middle East. Ed. Baudouin Dupret. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004, pp. 85–115.

1673.

FAHMY, Khaled. Prostitution in nineteenth-century Egypt. Outside in: on the margins of the modern Middle East. Ed. Eugene Rogan. London: I.B. Tauris, 2002, pp. 77–103.

1674.

FAHMY, Khaled. Medical conditions in Egyptian prisons in the nineteenth century. Marginal voices in literature and society: individual and society in the Mediterranean Muslim world. Ed. Robin Ostle. Aix-enProvence: Paul Roubaud, 2000, pp. 135–153.

Egypt

175

1675.

FAHMY, Khaled. The anatomy of justice: forensic medicine and criminal law in nineteenth-century Egypt. Islamic Law and Society, 6 ii (1999) pp. 224–271.

1676.

FAHMY, Khaled. The police and the people in nineteenth-century Egypt. Die Welt des Islams, 39 iii (1999) pp. 340–377.

1677.

FAHMY, Khaled & PETERS, Rudolph. The Legal History of Ottoman Egypt. [Introduction to “Theme issue: the legal history of Ottoman Egypt. Guest editor: Rudolph Peters”]. Islamic Law and Society, 6 ii (1999) pp. 129–135.

1678.

FAHMY, Khaled. Law, medicine and society in nineteenth-century Egypt. Egypte/Monde arabe, 34 (1998) pp. 17–51.

1679.

FÄHNDRICH, Hartmut. Der Kasus Farag Foda: drei muslimische Stellungnahmen zur Frage des Abfalls vom Glauben. Du: Die Kunst­ zeitschrift (Zürich), 640 (1994) pp. 55–57.

1680. FEGIERY, Moataz El. Guarding the mainstream: blasphemy and apostasy in Egypt. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 111–129. 1681.

FEGIERY, Moataz El. Islamic law and human rights: the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016. 340 pp.

1682.

FEGIERY, Moataz Ahmed el. Islamic law and freedom of religion: the case of apostasy and its legal implications in Egypt. Muslim World Journal of Human Rights, 10 (2013) pp. 1–26.

1683.

FORSTNER, Martin. Der allgemeine Teil des ägyptischen Strafrechts. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1986. 256 pp.

1684.

From confiscation to charges of apostasy: the implications of the Egyptian court decision ordering the divorce of Dr. Nasr Hamed Abu-Zeid from his wife, Dr. Ibthal Younis. The Center for Human Rights Legal Aid (CHRLA). Women Living Under Muslim Laws, Dossier 14–15 (1996) pp. 33–44.

176 1685.

Egypt

GHALI, Hebatallah. Rights of Muslim converts to Christianity in Egypt. M.A. thesis, American University in Cairo, 2006. 50 pp.

1686. GINAT, Joseph. Bedouin Bishaʿh justice. Ordeal by fire. Eastbourne, U.K.: Sussex Academic Press, 2009. 229 pp. 1687.

HAMAD, Ahmed Seif al-Islam. Legal plurality and legitimation of human rights abuses. A case study of state council rulings concerning the rights of apostates. Legal pluralism in the Arab world. Ed. Baudouin Dupret, Maurits Berger, Laila Al-Zwaini. Kluwer Law International: Den Haag, 1999, pp. 219–228.

1688.

HAMDY, Abdel Aziz Abdel Hamid. Die Blutrache in Ägypten (V.A.R.). Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Wien 1967. 106 pp.

1689.

HASEMANN, Armin. Zur Apostasiediskussion im modernen Ägypten. Die Welt des Islams, 42 i (2002) pp. 72–121.

1690. HEILMANN, A. Die Affäre Abu Zayd und der Begriff der ‘Ethik der Toleranz’ in der heutigen politischen Diskussion in Ägypten. Staat und Zivilgesellschaft in Ägypten. Ed. Ferhad Ibrahim. Münster etc.: LIT Verlag, 1995, pp. 145–168. 1691.

HELMY, Nourani. Dire le politique par le religieux. Analyse du débat parlementaire du 4 mai 1985 sur la question de l’application de la sharîʿa islamique en Égypte. Revue Internationale de Politique Clomparée, 15 ii (2008) pp. 237–249.

1692.

HIRSCHKIND, Charles. Heresy or hermeneutics: the case of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd. Stanford Humanities Review, 5 i (1996).

1693.

HOSNI, Naguib. La peine de mort en droit égyptien et en droit islamique. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 58 (1987) pp. 407–420.

1694.

JACQUEMONT, Richard. Un projét de code penal islamique égyptien. Bulletin du CEDEJ, 20 ii (1986) pp. 185–223.

1695.

JOHANSEN, Baber. Apostasy as objective and depersonalized fact: two recent Egyptian court judgments. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 70 iii (2003) pp. 687–710.

Egypt

177

1696. KARAM, Azzam M. An apostate, a proposed new marriage contract and Egyptian women: where to now? WAF (Women Against Fundamentalism) Journal, 8 (1996) pp. 29–32. 1697.

KENNETT, Austin. Bedouin justice. Law and customs among the Egyptian Bedouin. Cambridge: The University Press, 1925. 158 pp. [Reprinted: London & New York: Routledge, 2010.]

1698.

KERMANI, Navid. Die Affäre Abû Zayd: eine Kritik am religiösen Diskurs und ihre Folgen. Orient, 35 i (1994) pp. 25–49.

1699.

KLAVEREN, J. van. Die Entwicklung der Korruption in Ägypten: von Mohammed Ali Pasha bis zum Khediven Ismael. Korruption im Altertum: Konstanzer Symposium, Oktober 1979. Ed. Wolfgang Schuller. München & Wien: Oldenbourg, 1982, pp. 239–266.

1700.

LEV, Yaacov. The administration of justice in medieval Egypt. From the 7th to the 12th century. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2020. 312 pp.

1701.

LEWICKA, Paulina B. Alcohol and its consumption in medieval Cairo. Ed. Paulina B. Lewicka. Food and foodways of medieval Cairenes. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2011, pp. 483–550.

1702.

MAHFOUZ, Najib. Debate on the application of the Shariah in Egypt. Islam in transition: Muslim perspectives. Ed. John J. Donohue, John L. Esposito. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

1703.

MARDAM-BEY, Farouk. Pour Nasr Abou Zeid. Revue d’Etudes Palesti­ niennes, 5/57 (1995) pp. 93–95.

1704.

MOHAMED, Gaber. Reforming the death penalty in Egypt. An Islamic law perspective. M.A. thesis, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University, Maurer School of Law, 2017. 98 pp.

1705.

MOHSEN, Mohsen Safia Kassem. Conflict and law among Awlad ʿAli of the Western Desert. Cairo: National Center for Social and Criminological Research, 1975. 164 pp.

178

Egypt

1706.

NAHAL, Galal H. El-. The judicial administration of Ottoman Egypt in the seventeenth century. Minneapolis etc.: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1979. 109 pp.

1707.

NAJJAR, Fauzi M. Islamic fundamentalism and the intellectuals: the case of Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 27 ii (2000) pp. 177–200.

1708.

NAJJAR, Fauzi M. The application of Sharia laws in Egypt. Middle East Policy, 1 iii (1992) pp. 62–73.

1709.

NISPEN TOT SEVENAER, Christian van. La nouvelle loi sur la ḥisba en Egypte: son sens, son contexte, ses ambigüités. Faith, power, and violence: Muslims and Christians in a plural society, past and present. Ed. J.J. Donohue, C.W. Troll. Rome: Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1998, pp. 141–146.

1710.

OLSSON, Susanne. Apostasy in Egypt: contemporary cases of ḥisbah. The Muslim World, 98 i (2008) pp. 95–115.

1711.

O’SULLIVAN, Declan. Hisba law and freedom of expression in Islam: two case studies of prosecution in contemporary Egypt. Journal of Mediterranean Studies, 14 i–ii (2004) pp. 213–235.

1712.

O’SULLIVAN, Declan. Egyptian cases of blasphemy and apostasy against Islam: takfir al-Muslim. International Journal of Human Rights, 7 ii (2003) pp. 97–137.

1713.

PARADELLE, M. Entre juge et mufti: la place du religieux dans l’organisation judiciaire égyptienne (a partir d’une lecture de l’article 381 du code de procédure pénale). Droit et Cultures, 30 (1995) pp. 77–89.

1714.

PAULUS, Christiane. Öffentlicher Diskurs in einer modernen islami­ schen Gesellschaft. Kairoer Neuauflage eines anscheinend blasphemi­ schen Buches und seine Folgen. Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft, 85 ii–iii (2001) pp. 190–198.

1715.

PELLAT, Charles. Un “traité” de ḥisba signé: Saladin. Studi in onore di Francesco Gabrieli nel suo ottantesimo compleanno. Ed. R. Traini. Rome: Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Studi Orientali, 1984, pp. 593–598.

Egypt

179

1716.

PETERS, Rudolph. Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020. 704 pp.

1717.

PETERS, Rudolph. The significance of nineteenth-century pre-colonial legal reform in Egypt. The codification of criminal and land law. Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 128–155. [Revised and expanded paper presented at the workshop “New Approaches to Egyptian Legal History: Late Ottoman Period to the Present” (Cairo, AUC, 11–14 June, 2009).]

1718.

PETERS, Rudolph: The violent schoolmaster: the normalization of the dossier in a nineteenth-century Egyptian legal case. Narratives of truth in Islamic law. Ed. B. Dupret, B. Drieskens, A. Moors. London: MacMillan, 2008, pp. 69–85. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 204–218.]

1719.

PETERS, Rudolph. Between Paris, Istanbul and Cairo. The origins of criminal legislation in late Ottoman Egypt (1829–58). Studies in Islamic law: a Festschrift for Colin Imber. Ed. A. Christmann, R. Gleave. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 211–232. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 107–127.]

1720.

PETERS, Rudolph. Controlled suffering: mortality and living conditions in 19th-century Egyptian prisons. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 36 iii (2004) pp. 387–407. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 278–304.]

1721.

PETERS, Rudolph. Prisons and marginalization in nineteenth century Egypt. Outside in: on the margins of the modern Middle East. Ed. Eugene Rogan. London: I.B. Tauris, 2002, pp. 31–53. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 221–237.]

1722.

PETERS, Rudolph. Egypt and the age of the triumphant prison: legal punishment in nineteenth century Egypt. Annales Islamologiques, 36 (2002) pp. 253–285. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 238–277.]

180

Egypt

1723.

PETERS, Rudolph. Petitions and marginal voices in nineteenthcentury Egypt. The case of the fisherman’s daughter. Marginal voices in literature and society. Ed. Robin Ostle. Strasbourg: European Science Foundation, 2000, pp. 119–133. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 178–191.]

1724.

PETERS, Rudolph. State, law and society in nineteenth-century Egypt. Die Welt des Islams, 39 iii (1999) pp. 267–272.

1725.

PETERS, Rudolph (with Khaled Fahmy). Introduction: The legal history of Ottoman Egypt. Islamic Law and Society 6 ii (1999) pp. 129–135.

1726.

PETERS, Rudolph: An administrator’s nightmare: feuding families in nineteenth century Bahariyya oasis. Ed. Baudouin Dupret, Maurits Berger, Laila Al-Zwaini. Legal pluralism in the Arab world. The Hague & London & Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999, pp. 135–144. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 168–177.]

1727.

PETERS, Rudolph. For his correction and as a deterrent example for others: Meḥmed ʿAlī’s first criminal legislation (1829–1830). Islamic Law and Society, 6 ii (1999) pp. 164–192. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 61–88.]

1728.

PETERS, Rudolph. Administrators and magistrates. The development of a secular judiciary in Egypt, 1842–1871. Die Welt des Islams, 39 (1999) pp. 378–397. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 89–106.]

1729.

PETERS, Rudolph. The infatuated Greek. Social and legal boundaries in nineteenth century Egypt. Egypte/Monde Arabe, 34 (1998) pp. 53–65. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 192–203.]

Egypt

181

1730.

PETERS, Rudolph. Islamic and secular criminal law in nineteenth century Egypt: the role and function of the qadi. Islamic Law and Society, 4 i (1997) pp. 70–90. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 40–60.]

1731.

PETERS, Rudolph. Sharia and state criminal law in nineteenth-century Egypt. State and Islam. Ed. C. van Dijk, A.H. de Groot. Leiden: Research School CNWS, 1995, pp. 152–177.

1732.

PETERS, Rudolph. Moord, verkrachting en misbruik van macht in het negentiende-eeuwse Egypte of hoe een schurk uiteindelijk zijn verdiende loon kreeg. Schurken en schelmen: cultuurhistorische verkenningen rond de Middellandse Zee. Ed. I. de Jong, A.M. van Erp Taalman Kip. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1995, 161–173.

1733.

PETERS, Rudolph. The codification of criminal law in nineteenth century Egypt: tradition or modernization? Law, society, and national identity in Africa. Ed. J.M. Abun-Nasr et al. Hamburg: Buske, 1991, pp. 211–225.

1734.

PETERS, Rudolph: Murder on the Nile. Homicide trials in 19th century Egyptian Sharīʿa courts. Die Welt des Islams 30 (1990), pp. 98–116. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 7–23.]

1735.

PETERS, Rudolph: Who killed ʿAbd Allah Al-Ghazza? A murder trial before a nineteenth century Egyptian qadi. Amsterdam Middle Eastern Studies. Ed. Manfred Woidich. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 1990, pp. 84–98.

1736.

PETERS, Rudolph. Divine law or man-made law? Egypt and the application of the Shariʿa. Arab Law Quarterly, 3 iii (1988) pp. 231–53. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 365–392.]

1737.

PINK, Johanna. A post-Qurʾānic religion between apostasy and public order: Egyptian muftis and courts on the legal status of the Bahāʾī faith. Islamic Law and Society, 10 iii (2003) pp. 409–434.

182

Egypt

1738.

PINK, Johanna. Neue Religionsgemeinschaften in Ägypten. Minderhei­ ten im Spannungsfeld von Glaubensfreiheit, öffentlicher Ordnung und Islam. Würzburg: Ergon, 2003. 485 pp.

1739.

Prohibited Identities: state interference with religious freedom. Washington, DC: Human Rights Watch, 19 vii (2007). 98 pp.

1740.

REDISSI, Hamadi. Paradoxes des systèmes juridiques contemporains: L’affaire Nasr Hamed Abu Zayd (1992–2000). Revue Maghrébine du Livre/Muqqadimāt, 22–23 (2001) pp. 160–169.

1741.

REINFANDT, Lucian. Crime and punishment in early Islamic Egypt (AD 642–969): the Arabic papyrological evidence. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Papyrology, Ann Arbor 2007. American Studies in Papyrology (Ann Arbor) 2010, pp. 633–640.

1742.

REINFANDT, Lucian. Law and order in einer entstehenden islamischen Gesellschaft? Strafverfolgung in Ägypten und Palästina nach der arabischen Eroberung (7.–9. Jh.). Interkulturalität in der Alten Welt. Vorderasien, Hellas, Ägypten und die vielfältigen Ebenen des Kontakts. Ed. Robert Rollinger, Birgit Gufler, Martin Lang, Irene Madreiter. Philippika. Marburger altertumskundliche Abhandlungen, vol. 34. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010, pp. 655–683.

1743.

REVKIN, Mara R. Triadic legal pluralism in North Sinai: a case study of state, Shariʿa and ʿurf courts in conflict and cooperation. Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 13 i (2014) pp. 21–59.

1744.

REVKIN, Mara. Outsourcing justice in the Sinai: Sharia courts thrive in the shadow of a weak state. Atlantic Council, March 12, 2013 [online].

1745.

RIFAUD, J.J. Strafgesetze der Ägypter. Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes (Berlin), 7/8 (1835) pp. 127–128.

1746.

RISPLER-CHAIM, Vardit. Postmortem examinations in Egypt. Islamic legal interpretation: muftis and their fatwas. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Brinkley Messick, David S. Powers. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2005, pp. 278–285.

Egypt

183

1747.

RUIZ, Mario M. Criminal statistics in the long 1890s. The long 1890s in Egypt: colonial quiescence, subterranean resistance. Ed. Marilyn Booth, Anthony Gorman. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014, pp. 141–166.

1748.

SABANEGH, E.S. Débats autour de l’application de la loi islamique (Sharīʿa) en Egypte. Institut Dominicain d’Études Orientales du Caire: Mélanges (MIDEO), 14 (1980) pp. 329–384.

1749.

SALEM, Omar. Le résultat de l’infraction: étude comparée, droit français, égyptien et musulman. Thèse de doctorat, Paris: Université Paris XII (Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne), 1990. 440 pp.

1750.

SCHEEL, Holger. Die Religionsfreiheit im Blickwinkel des Völkerrechts, des islamischen und ägyptischen Rechts. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2007. 220 pp.

1751.

SFEIR, George N. Basic freedoms in a fractured legal culture: Egypt and the case of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd. Middle East Journal, 52 iii (1998) pp. 402–414.

1752.

SHEPARD, William E. Muhammad Saʿid al-ʿAshmawi and the application of the shariʿa in Egypt. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28 i (1996) pp. 39–58.

1753.

SHISHI, Amir. La théorie de la contrainte du droit musulman au droit égyptien: contribution à l’histoire d’une institution. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université de Toulouse 1, 2011. 453 pp.

1754.

SIJPESTEIJN, Petra M. Policing, punishing and prisons in the early Islamic Egyptian countryside (640–850 CE). Authority and control in the countryside: from antiquity to Islam in the Mediterranean and Near East (6th–10th century). Ed. Alain Delattre, Marie Legendre, Petra M. Sijpesteijn. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2019, pp. 547–588.

1755.

SONBOL, Amira. Women in Shariʿah courts: a historical and metho­ dological discussion. Fordham International Law Journal, 27 (2003) pp. 225–253.

184

Egypt

1756.

SONBOL, Amira. Rape and law in Ottoman and modern Egypt. Women in the Ottoman Empire: Middle Eastern women in the early modern era. Ed. Madeline C. Zilfi. Leiden: Brill, 1997, pp. 214–231.

1757.

SONBOL, Amira EI Azhary. Law and gender violence in Ottoman and modern Egypt. Ed. A. Sonbol. Women, the family and divorce laws in Islamic history. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1996, pp. 277–289.

1758.

TAYEB, Azmil. Shariʿah law in comparative perspective: the apostasy cases in Egypt and Malaysia. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Südostasien Working Papers, No. 47, Berlin, 2012. 22 pp.

1759.

TELLENBACH, Silvia. Landesbericht Ägypten. Schwangerschaft­s­ abbruch im internationalen Vergleich. Rechtliche Regelungen, soziale Rahmenbedingungen, empirische Grunddaten. Teil 2: Außereuropa. Ed. A. Eser, H.-G. Koch. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1989, pp. 15–61.

1760.

THIELMANN, Jörn. Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zaid und die wiedererfundene ḥisba. Šarīʿa und Qānūn im heutigen Ä gypten. Würzburg: Ergon, 2003. 262 pp.

1761.

THIELMANN, Jörn. La jurisprudence égyptienne sur la requête en Hisba. Egypte/Monde arabe, 34 (1998) pp. 81–97.

1762.

TOLEDANO, Ehud R. Law, practice, and social reality: a theft case in Cairo, 1854. Asian and African Studies, 17 (1983) pp. 153–173.

1763.

TOLINO, Serena. Discourses on homosexuality in Egypt: when religion and the state cooperate. Public religion and the politics of homosexuality in Africa. Ed. Adriaan van Klinken, Ezra Chitando. London & New York: Routledge, 2016, pp. 49–62.

1764.

TOLINO, Serena. The history of prostitution in Egypt (1882–1961): from regulation to prohibition. Muslim bodies: body, sexuality and medicine in Muslim societies. Körper, Sexualität und Medizin in muslimischen Gesellschaften. Ed. Susanne Kurz, Claudia Preckel, Stefan Reichmuth. Münster etc.: LIT Verlag, 2016, pp. 131–154.

Germany

185

1765.

TOLINO, Serena. Atti omosessuali e omosessualità fra diritto islamico e diritto positivo. Il caso egiziano con alcuni cenni all’esperienza libanese. Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiani, 2013. 302 pp. [Also Ph.D. dissertation, Università L’Orientale (Napoli) and Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 2012.]

1766.

TOLINO, Serena. Identità omosessuale in tribunale nell’Egitto e nel Libano contemporanei. Genesis, 11 i–ii (2012) pp. 115–140.

1767.

TREPESCH, Elisabeth. Die Debatte über weibliche Genitalverstümme­ lung in ägyptischen Fatwas des 20. Jahrhunderts. Zeitschrift für Recht & Islam/Journal for Law & Islam, 8 (2016) pp. 159–180.

1768.

WAHBA, Tawfīq ʿAlī. Progetto di codice di pene coraniche in Egitto. Dossier Mondo Islamico 1. Dibattito sull’applicazione della Shariʿa. Turin: Edizioni della Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli, 1995, pp. 29–37.

1769.

YOUSEF, Nayef Kadri Al-. Die Tötungsdelikte im ägyptischen Strafrecht. Ph.D. dissertation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 1963. 92 pp.

1770.

ZAINOL, Nur Zainatul Nadra & ABD MAJID, Latifah & ABDUL KADIR, Muhd Najib. Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd as a modern Muslim thinker. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 5 (2014) pp. 61–70.

Germany 1771.

ADEMI, Çefli. Die Frage nach der Sanktionsbedürftigkeit der „Reli­ gionsbeschimpfung“ im deutschen und islamischen Strafrecht. GAIRMitteilungen, 4 (2012) pp. 53–71.

1772.

TÜRKMENOGLU, Ali. Das Strafrecht des klassischen islamischen Rechts: mit einem Vergleich zwischen der islamischen und der modernen deutschen Strafrechtslehre. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2013. 238 pp.

1773.

ZEHETGRUBER, Christoph. Islamisches Strafrecht in Deutschland? Betrachtungen aus grund-, menschen-, und strafrechtlicher Sicht. ZR&I—Zeitschrift für Recht und Islam/Journal of Law & Islam, 10 (2018) pp. 51–62.

186 1774.

Gulf Cooperation Council

ZIEBERTZ, Hans-Georg & REINDL, Marion. Religion and attitudes towards euthanasia and abortion: an empirical study among young Christians and Muslims in Germany. Human rights and the impact of religion. Ed. Johannes A. van der Ven, Hans-Georg Ziebertz, Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 119–143.

Gulf Cooperation Council 1775.

ALFADHEL, Lolwa. Shariah law and trademark protection in the GCC member states. Intellectual property rights: development and enforcement in the Arab States of the Gulf. Ed. David Price, Alhanoof AlDebasi. Berlin: Gerlach Press, 2017, pp. 109–132.

1776.

GEORGE, Rachel Ann. From contestation to convergence? A constructivist critique of the impact of UN human rights treaty ratification on interpretations of Islam in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Ph.D. dissertation, The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2018. 371 pp.

India 1777.

AHMAD, Aziz. Akbar, hérétique ou apostat? Journal Asiatique, 249 (1961) pp. 21–38.

1778.

AHMAD, Sk Ehtesham Uddin. Colonial reshaping of criminal law before the Code of 1860. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 73 (2012) pp. 553–562.

1779.

AUER, Blain. Dial M for murder: a case of passion killing, criminal evidence and sultanic power in medieval India. ASIA, 68 iii (2014) pp. 667–682.

1780.

AUER, Blain. Concepts of justice and the catalogue of punishments under the sultans of Delhi (7th–8th/13th–14th centuries). Public violence in Islamic societies: power, discipline, and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE. Ed. Christian Lange & Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 238–255.

India

187

1781.

BANERJEE, Tapas Kumar. Background to Indian criminal law. Calcutta: R. Cambray, 1990. 402 pp. [First published 1963.]

1782.

BAXI, Pratiksha & RAI, Shirin M. & ALI, Shaheen Sardar. Legacies of common law: ‘crimes of honour’ in India and Pakistan. Third World Quarterly, 27 vii (2006) pp. 239–253.

1783.

BHATIA, M.L. The functioning of the muḥtasib under Aurangzeb. Islamic Culture, 57 (1983) pp. 263–276.

1784.

CHOUDHURY, M.L. Roy. Principles of law in the Mughal empire. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 10 (1947) pp. 367–370.

1785.

COLEBROOKE, James Edward. Digest of the regulations and laws, enacted by the Governor-General in Council for the civil government of the territories under the Presidency of Bengal arranged in alphabetical order, 2 vols., Calcutta: n.p., 1807.

1786.

Court of Nizamut Adawlut. Reports of criminal cases, 1805(–11). N.p.: n.p., n.d.

1787.

DAHM, Georg. Das indische (pakistanische) Strafgesetzbuch: Act XLV von 1860. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1954. 138 pp.

1788.

DIDIER, Brian J. The cost of condemnation: heresy and takfīr in a south Indian community. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016, pp. 273–303.

1789.

FISCH, Jörg. Cheap lives and dear limbs: the British transformation of the Bengal criminal law, 1769–1817. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 1983. 154 pp.

1790.

FYZEE, Asaf A.A. Muhammadan law in India. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 5 iv (1963) pp. 401–415.

1791.

GIUNCHI, Elisa. The Reinvention of the Sharīʿa under the British Raj: in search of authenticity and certainty. The Journal of Asian Studies, 69 iv (2010) pp. 1119–1142.

188

India

1792.

GUENTHER, Alan M. Syed Mahmood and the transformation of Muslim law in British India. Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 2004. 329 pp.

1793.

HAKEEM, Farrukh B. & HABERFELD, M.R. & VERMA, Arvind. Police and the administration of justice in Medieval India. Policing Mus­ lim communities. Comparative international context. Ed. Farrukh B. Hakeem, M.R. Haberfeld, Arvind Verma. New York: Springer, 2012, pp. 59–74.

1794.

HAKEEM, Farrukh B. From Sharia to mens rea: legal transition to the Raj. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 22 ii (1998) pp. 211–224.

1795.

HAYAT, Qaisar. Criminal breach of trust: a comparative socio-legal study of Indian and Islamic criminal laws. New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, 2002. 667 pp.

1796.

KOLSKY, Elizabeth. The rule of colonial indifference: rape on trial in early colonial India, 1805–57. The Journal of Asian Studies, 69 iv (2010) pp. 1093–1117.

1797.

KOLSKY, Elizabeth. The body evidencing the crime: rape on trial in colonial India, 1860–1947. Gender & History, 22 i (2010) pp. 109–130.

1798.

KOLSKY, Elizabeth. Codification and the rule of colonial difference: criminal procedure in British India. Law and History Review, 23 iii (2005) pp. 631–683.

1799.

KOLSKY, Elizabeth. The body evidencing the crime: gender, law and medicine in colonial India. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 2002.

1800. MACNAGHTEN, William H. Reports of cases determined in the court of Nizamut Adawlut, vols. 1–10. Calcutta: Military Orphan Press, 1827–1860. 1801.

MAJUMDAR, Niharkana. Justice and police in Bengal, 1765–1793: a study of the Nizamat in decline. Calcutta: Mukhopadhyay, 1960. 351 pp.

India

189

1802.

MALIK, Shahdeen. History of company criminal law (1757–1857): a polemical review and suggestions for an alternative approach. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 31 i (1989) pp. 49–74.

1803.

MANN, Michael. Rechtsauslegung im kolonialen Indien: Islamisches Recht und Hindu Recht unter britischer Rechtsprechung, 1765–1864. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität zu Heidelberg, Schriftenreihe Elektroni­ sche Veröffentlichungen zur Geschichte Südasiens, Schrift Nummer 2, 2007. 32 pp.

1804.

MASUD, Muhammad Khalid. Apostasy and judicial separation in British India. Muftis, fatwas and Islamic legal interpretation. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Brinkley Messick, David S. Powers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996, pp. 193–203.

1805.

METCALF, Barbara D. Imrana: Rape, Islam, and law in India. Islamic Studies, 45 iii (2006) pp. 389–412.

1806. MORGAN, W. & MACPHERSON, A.G. (eds.). The Indian Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860) with notes. Calcutta, India: G.C. Hay & Co., 1861. 1807.

MUSTAFA, Faizan. Islamic law of confession: a comparison with Western and Indian laws. Islamic Studies, 32 i (1993) pp. 49–60.

1808. RAMAN, Kartik Kalyan. Utilitarianism and the criminal law in colonial India: a study of the practical limits of utilitarian jurisprudence. Modern Asian Studies, 28 iv (1994) pp. 739–791. 1809. RIEXINGER, Martin. Das islamische Recht in Indien vom Beginn der Kolonialherrschaft bis zu den Auswirkungen in der Gegenwart. Recht und Religion in Europa. Zeitgenössische Konflikte und historische Perspektiven. Ed. Christine Langenfeld, Irene Schneider. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2008, pp. 209–225. 1810.

SANGAR, Satya Prakash. Crime and punishment in Mughal India. New Delhi: Reliance Publishing House, 1998. 257 pp.

1811.

SANGAR, S.P. Intoxicants in Mughal India. Indian Journal of History of Science, 16 ii (1981) pp. 202–214.

190

India

1812.

SANGAR, S.P. Administration of justice in Mughal India. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 26 ii (1964) pp. 41–48.

1813.

SANGAR, S.P. Murder and its punishment during the reigns of Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 8 (1945) pp. 289–296.

1814.

SARATHI, Vepa P. Historical background of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, (1972) pp. 1–25.

1815.

SCHNEIDER, Wendie Ellen. Perjury and prevarication in British India. Engines of truth: producing veracity in the Victorian courtroom. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2015, pp. 103–142.

1816.

SIKAND, Yoginder S. The fitna of irtidad: Muslim missionary response to the Shuddhi of Arya Samaj in early twentieth century India. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 17 i (1997) pp. 65–82.

1817.

SINGHA, Radhika. A despotism of law: crime and justice in early colonial India. Delhi & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. 342 pp.

1818.

SINGHA, Radhika. A ‘despotism of law’: British criminal justice and public authority in North India, 1772–1837. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge, 1990.

1819.

SKIPWITH, Fulwar. The magistrate’s guide; being an abridgment of the criminal regulations and acts of the circular orders and constructions; and of the cases decided and reported by the Court of Nizamut Adawlut, under the Presidency of Fort William, in Bengal. Calcutta: G.H. Huttman, Bengal Military Orphan Press, 1843. 240 pp.

1820.

STEPHENS, Julia Anne. Governing Islam: law and religion in colonial India. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 2013.

1821.

VAKIL, Chunilal Harilal. The comprehensive criminal digest, containing chartered and non-chartered High Court reports, 1862–1899, Privy Council reports, 1836–1899, and selection from Sudder Fouzdaree Adawlut and Nizamut Adawlut reports, 1802–1862, with an exhaustive table of cases judicialy noticed in these reports, an a nominal index. Bombay: Education Society’s Steam Press, 1900.

Indonesia

1822.

191

YADAV, Rupali. Crime, criminality and crime control in Mughal India (1526–1707). Ph.D. dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University, 2010. 180 pp.

Indonesia 1823.

ABDI, Supriyanto. Islam, religious minorities, and the challenge of the blasphemy laws: a close look at the current liberal Muslim discourse. Religious diversity in Muslim-majority states in Southeast Asia: areas of toleration and conflict. Ed. B. Platzdasch, J. Saravanamuttu. Singapur: ISEAS—Yusof Ishak Institute, 2014, pp. 51–74.

1824.

ABDUN NASIR, Mohamad. The Majelis Ulama’s fatwā on abortion in contemporary Indonesia. Muslim World, 101 i (2011) pp. 33–52.

1825.

AFANDI, Muhrisun. Apostasy as grounds of divorce cases and child custody disputes in Indonesia. Indonesian and German views on the Islamic legal discourse on gender and civil rights. Ed. Noorhaidi Hasan, Fritz Schulze. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2015, pp. 89–106.

1826.

AFRIANTY, Dina. Local women’s NGOs and the reform of Islamic law in Aceh: the case of MISPI. Islam and the limits of the state. Ed. Michael R. Feener, David Kloos, Annemarie Samuels. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 118–140.

1827.

AFRIANTY, Dina. Women and sharia law in northern Indonesia: Local women’s NGOs and the reform of Islamic law in Aceh. Abingdon & New York: Routledge, 2015. 194 pp.

1828.

ARFIANSYAH, M. The politicization of Shariʿah: behind the implementation of Shariʿah in Aceh—Indonesia. M.A. thesis, McGill University, 2009. 103 pp.

1829.

ARIYANTI, Yulida. Punishment conception in Islamic criminal law and Indonesian criminal law system. A comparative study. Ph.D. dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University, 1997. 468 pp.

1830.

ASSHIDIQIE, Jimly. Islam, democracy and the future of the death penalty. Melbourne: Centre for Indonesian Law, Islam and Society & Asian Law Centre, Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, 2015. 15 pp.

192

Indonesia

1831.

BENNETT, Linda Rae. Zina and the enigma of sex education for Indonesian Muslim youth. Sex Education. Sexuality, Society and Learning, 7 iv (2007) pp. 371–386.

1832.

BLACKWOOD, Evelyn. Regulation of sexuality in Indonesian discourse: normative gender, criminal law and shifting strategies of control. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 9 iii (2007) pp. 293–307.

1833.

BOELLSTORFF, Tom. Between religion and desire: being Muslim and gay in Indonesia. American Anthropologist, 107 iv (2005) pp. 575–585.

1834.

BOOMGARD, Peter. Male-male sex, bestiality and incest in the earlymodern Indonesian archipelago: perceptions and penalties. Sexual diversity in Asia, c.600–1950. Ed. Raquel Reyes, William G. ClarenceSmith. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012, pp. 141–160.

1835.

BOWEN, John R. Contours of Sharia in Indonesia. Democracy and Islam in Indonesia, Ed. Mirjam Künkler, Alfred Stepan. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013, pp. 149–167.

1836.

BROECKER, Christen. Policing morality: abuses in the application of Sharia in Aceh, Indonesia. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch 2010. 74 pp.

1837.

BUEHLER, Michael. The rise of sharia by-laws in Indonesian districts: an indication for changing patterns of power and accumulation and political corruption. Southeast Asia Research, 16 ii (2008) pp. 225–285.

1838.

BUSTAMAM-AHMAD, Kamaruzzaman. The application of Islamic law in Indonesia: the case study of Aceh. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 1 i (2007) pp. 135–180.

1839.

BUTT, Simon. Religious conservatism, Islamic criminal law and the judiciary in Indonesia: a tale of three courts. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 50 iii (2018) pp. 402–434.

1840.

CAMMACK, Mark. The punishment of Islamic sex crimes in a modern legal system: the Islamic Qanun of Aceh, Indonesia. Southwestern Law School Research Paper, 2 (2016). 36 pp.

Indonesia

193

1841.

CAMMACK, Mark & FEENER, R. Michael. The Islamic legal system in Indonesia. Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal, 21 i (2012) pp. 13–42.

1842.

CAMMACK, Mark. Islamic law in Indonesia’s new order. The Inter­ national and Comparative Law Quarterly, 38 i (1989) pp. 53–73.

1843.

COCHRANE, Joe. Islamic law and criminal justice in Aceh. Far Eastern Economic Review, 169 vii (2006) pp. 64–66.

1844.

CROUCH, Melissa. Negotiating legal pluralism in court: fatwa and the crime of blasphemy in Indonesia. Pluralism, transnationalism and culture in Asian law: a book in honour of M.B. Hooker. Ed. Gary F. Bell. Singapore: ISEAS—Yusof Ishak Institute (Institute for Southeast Asian Studies), 2017, pp. 231–256.

1845.

CROUCH, Melissa. Proselytization, religious diversity and the state in Indonesia: the offense of deceiving a child to change religion. Proselytizing and the limits of religious pluralism in contemporary Asia. Ed. Juliana Finucane, R. Michael Feener. Singapore: Springer, 2014, pp. 17–40.

1846.

CROUCH, Melissa. Asia Pacific: criminal (in)justice in Indonesia: the Cikeusik trials. Alternative Law Journal, 37 (2012) pp. 54–56.

1847.

CROUCH, Melissa. Judicial review and religious freedom: the case of Indonesian Ahmadis. Sydney Law Review, 34 (2012) pp. 545–572.

1848.

CROUCH, Melissa. The Indonesian blasphemy case: affirming the legality of the blasphemy law. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 1 (2012) pp. 1–4.

1849.

CROUCH, Melissa. Indonesia’s blasphemy law: bleak outlook for minority religions. Asia Pacific Bulletin, 146 (2012). 2 pp. [online].

1850.

CROUCH, Melissa. Law and religion in Indonesia: the constitutional court and the blasphemy law. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 7 (2012) pp. 1–46.

194

Indonesia

1851.

CROUCH, Melissa. The proselytisation case: law, the rise of Islamic conservatism and religious discrimination in West Java. Australian Journal of Asian Law, 8 (2006) pp. 322–337.

1852.

DION, Michel. Social trust, the Qurʾanic prohibition of corruption, and anti-corruption reforms in Indonesia. Muslim piety as economy: markets, meaning and morality in Southeast Asia. Ed. Johan Fischer, Jeremy Jammes. Abingdon & New York: Routledge, 2020, pp. 29–52.

1853.

FATHUROKHMAN, Ferry. A study of restorative justice in Indonesia: an eclecticism of Adat law, Islamic criminal law, and modern law. Ph.D. dissertation, Kanazawa University, 2014. 89 pp.

1854.

FAUZI, Moh. Legal policy of Indonesian government on regional autonomy era (study on law autonomy in Aceh province). Karsa: The Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, 24 i (2016) pp. 15–32.

1855.

FAZZAN, Fazzan & ALI, Abdul Karim. Islamic and positive law perspectives of gratification in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura, 15 i (2015) pp. 1–19.

1856.

FEENER, Michael R. & KLOOS, David & SAMUELS, Annemarie. Islam and the limits of the state. Reconfigurations of practice, community and authority in contemporary Aceh. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2015. 249 pp.

1857.

FEENER, Michael R. Shariʿa and social engineering. The implementation of Islamic law in contemporary Aceh, Indonesia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. 368 pp.

1858.

FEENER, Michael R. Hand, heart and handphone: State shariʿa in the age of the SMS. Contemporary Islam, 7 i (2013) pp. 15–32.

1859.

FEENER, Michael R. Social engineering through Sharīʿa: Islamic law and state-directed daʿwa in contemporary Aceh. Islamic Law and Society, 19 iii (2012) pp. 275–311.

1860. FENWICK, Stewart. Blasphemy, Islam and the state. Pluralism and liberalism in Indonesia. Abingdon & New York: Routledge, 2017. 207 pp.

Indonesia

195

1861.

FRECKELTON, Ian. Blasphemy law, mental illness and the potential for injustice: a cautionary tale from Indonesia. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 27 ii (2020) pp. 169–180.

1862.

GROSSMANN, Kristina. Women’s rights activists and the drafting process of the Islamic Criminal Code (qanun jinayat). Islam and the limits of the state. Ed. Michael R. Feener, David Kloos, Annemarie Samuels. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 87–117.

1863.

GROSSMANN, Kristina. Muslim female activists and sharia in Indonesia: scopes of acting in national and international perspectives. Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs, 48 i (2014) pp. 92–125.

1864.

HAPSIN, Abu. The applicability of Islamic law to the Indonesian criminal law: a study of the community of Central Java’s perspective concerning sexual misconduct. Ph.D. dissertation, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom: Mahidol University, 2002. 209 pp.

1865.

HASAN, Noorhaidi. Religious diversity and blasphemy law: understanding growing religious conflict and intolerance in post-Suharto Indonesia. Al-Jāmiʿah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 55 i (2017) pp. 105–126.

1866. HASANI, Ismail. The decreasing space for non-religious expression in Indonesia: the case of atheism. Religion, law and intolerance in Indonesia. Ed. Timothy Lindsey, Helen Pausacker. London & New York: Routledge, 2016, pp. 197–210. 1867.

HASYIM, Syafiq. Politics of fatwa, ‘deviant groups’ and takfīr in the context of Indonesian pluralism: a study of the Council of Indonesian Ulama. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 157–174.

1868.

HAVEMAN, Roelof H. The legality of adat criminal law in modern Indonesia. Ciputat, Indonesia: Tatanusa, 2001. 105 pp.

1869.

HENDRAWATI, Heni & KRISNAN, Johny. Indonesian positive law and Islamic criminal law: which is the most comprehensive regulation on anti-corruption? Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 85 (2019) pp. 82–85.

196

Indonesia

1870.

HÖPFNER, Maren. Das Pornografie-Gesetz in Indonesien: Eine Gefahr für den Pluralismus? Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 28 i (2009) pp. 31–45.

1871.

HUDA, M. Syamsul. The local construction of religious blasphemy in East Java. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13 i (2019) pp. 96–114.

1872.

HUDA, Yasrul. Contesting Sharia: state law, decentralization and Minangkabau custom. Ph.D. dissertation, Leiden University, 2013. 331 pp.

1873.

ICHWAN, Moch Nur. Official ulema and the politics of re-Islamization: the Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama, Sharīʿatization and contested authority in post-new order Aceh. Journal of Islamic Studies, 22 ii (2011) pp. 183–214.

1874.

ICHWAN, Moch Nur. The politics of shariʿatization: central, governmental and regional discourses of shariʿa implementation in Aceh. Islamic law in contemporary Indonesia: ideas and institutions. Ed. R. Michael Feener, Mark E. Cammack. Cambridge, MA: Islamic Legal Studies Program, Harvard Law School, 2007, pp. 193–215.

1875.

IDRIA, Reza. Muslim punks and state Shariʿa. Islam and the limits of the state. Reconfigurations of practice, community, and authority in contemporary Aceh. Ed. R. Michael Feener, David Kloos, Annemarie Samuels. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 166–184.

1876.

Indonesia. Policing belief. The impact of blasphemy laws on human rights. A Freedom House Special Report. Washington, DC: Freedom House, 2010, pp. 43–114.

1877.

ISHAQ. The debates surrounding the accommodation of Islamic adultery crime and punishment into Indonesian Criminal Code. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 10 i (2016) pp. 37–62.

1878.

Islamic law and criminal justice in Aceh. Jakarta & Brussels: Interna­ tional Crisis Group, Asia Report No. 117, 2006. 17 pp.

1879.

JAMAA, La. Protection of the rights of domestic violence victims: perspective Indonesian criminal law and Islamic law. Lambert Academic Publishing, 2014. 264 pp.

Indonesia

197

1880. KEANE, Webb. Freedom and blasphemy: on Indonesian press bans and Danish cartoons. Public Culture, 21 i (2009) pp. 47–76. 1881.

KINGSBURY, Damien. Devotional Islam and democratic practice: the case of Aceh’s qanun jinayat. Culture, religion and conflict in Muslim South-East Asia: negotiating tense pluralisms. Ed. Joseph Camilleri, Sven Schottmann. London: Routledge, 2013, pp. 168–178.

1882.

KLOOS, David. In the name of Syariah? Vigilante violence, territoriality, and moral authority in Aceh, Indonesia. Indonesia, 98 (2014) pp. 59–90.

1883.

LASKOWSKA, Natalia. Apostasy as a tool to suppress dissent— Indonesian perspective. Rocznik Orientistyczny, 65 ii (2012) pp. 74–84.

1884.

LINDSEY, Tim & PAUSACKER, Helen (eds.). Religion, law, and intolerance in Indonesia. London: Routledge, 2018. 396 pp.

1885.

LINDSEY, Tim & KINGSLEY, Jeremy. Talking in code: legal Islamisation in Indonesia and the MMI Shariʿa Criminal Code. The law applied: contextualising the Islamic Shariʿa. A volume in honour of Frank E. Vogel. Ed. Peri Bearman, Wolfhart Heinrichs, Bernard G. Weiss. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008, pp. 295–320.

1886.

LINDSEY, Tim & HOOKER, M.B. Shariʿa revival in Aceh. Islamic law in contemporary Indonesia: ideas and institutions. Ed. R. Michael Feener, Mark E. Cammack. Islamic Legal Studies Program, Harvard University. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007, pp. 216–254.

1887.

LYNCH, Colman. Note, Indonesia’s use of capital punishment for drugtrafficking crimes: legal obligations, extra-legal factors, and the Bali Nine Case. Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 40 (2009) pp. 523–593.

1888.

MACHMUDI, Yon. A vision of Shariah-led prosperity: PKS attitudes to the implementation of Islamic law. Islamising Indonesia: the rise of Jemaah Tarbiyah and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). Acton, ACT: Australian National University Press, 2008, pp. 191–216.

1889.

MANTILLA, Karla. Indonesia: Aceh province arrests women under Shariʿa law. Off Our Backs, 36 iv (2006) pp. 4.

198

Indonesia

1890. MARCOES-NATSIR, Lies. Abortion and the Qurʾan: a need for reinterpretation in Indonesia? Approaches to the Qurʾan in contemporary Indonesia. Ed. Abdullah Saeed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2005, pp. 161–174. 1891.

MARSHALL, Paul. The ambiguities of religious freedom in Indonesia. The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 16 i (2018) pp. 85–96.

1892.

MAWARDI, Ahmad Imam. The political backdrop of the enactment of the compilation of Islamic laws in Indonesia. Shariʿa and politics in modern Indonesia. Ed. Salim Arskal, Azra Azyumardi. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003, pp. 125–147.

1893.

MISSBACH, Antje. “That is Jakarta’s project”: views from the Acehnese diaspora on Shariʿa, self-determination and political conspiracy. Islam and the limits of the State. Reconfigurations of practice, community, and authority in contemporary Aceh. Ed. R. Michael Feener, David Kloos, Annemarie Samuels. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 214–242.

1894.

MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan & ABDUL SALAM, Khairunnasriah & HUSSIN, Nasimah. The legal framework of Islamic criminal law in Aceh with reference to application, challenges and way forward. Journal of Islam in Asia, 15 iii (2018) pp. 300–314.

1895.

MUKKARROMAH, Oom & UBAIDILAH, Asep. Criminalization on husband wife relationship towards Nushuz in the perspective of Islamic law and Criminal Code. Issues in Social Science, 4 ii (2016) pp. 64–82.

1896.

MURSALIN, Ayub. La législation sur le blasphème et le rétrécissement progressif du champ de la liberté religieuse en Indonésie depuis 1965. Archipel, 98 (2019) pp. 151–176.

1897.

MURSALIN, Ayub. Les restrictions à la liberté de religion et de conviction en Indonésie: genèse et enjeux contemporains de la loi anti-blasphème de 1965. Thèse de doctorat en Sciences juridiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 2019.

1898.

NALLE, Victor Imanuel W. Blasphemy law and public neutrality in Indonesia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8 ii (2017) pp. 57–62.

Indonesia

1899.

199

NURLAELAWATI, Euis. For the sake of protecting religion: apostasy and its judicial impact on Muslim’s marital life in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 10 i (2016) pp. 89–112.

1900. OLLE, John. The Majelis Ulama Indonesia versus “heresy”: the resurgence of authoritarian Islam. State of authority: the state in society in Indonesia. Ed. Gerry van Klinken, Joshua Barker. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 2009, pp. 95–116. 1901.

OTTO, Benjamin & OTTO, Jan Michiel. Shariʿa police in Banda Aceh: enforcement of Islam-based regulations and people’s perceptions. Islam and the limits of the state. Reconfigurations of practice, community, and authority in contemporary Aceh. Ed. R. Michael Feener, David Kloos, Annemarie Samuels. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2015, pp. 185–213.

1902.

OTTO, Jan Michiel. Sharia and national law in Indonesia. Towards comparative conclusions on the role of sharia in national law. Sharia incorporated. A comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim countries in past and present. Ed. Jan Michiel Otto. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010, pp. 433–490.

1903.

PAUSACKER, Helen. Morality and the nation: law, pornography and Indonesia’s Islamic defenders front. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Melbourne, 2013.

1904.

PETERSON, Daniel. Islam, blasphemy, and human rights in Indonesia: the trial of Ahok. London & New York: Routledge, 2020. 224 pp.

1905.

PETERSON, Daniel. Blasphemy, human rights, and the case of Ahok. Islamic law and its implementation in Asia and the Middle East. Ed. Javaid Rehman, Ayesha Shahid. Leiden: Nijhoff, 2018, pp. 52–94.

1906. POMPE, S. Between crime and custom: Extra-marital sex in modern Indonesian law. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde, 150 (1994) pp. 110–122. 1907.

RAVENSBERGEN, Sanne. Courtrooms of conflict. Criminal law, local elites and legal pluralities in colonial Java. Ph.D. dissertation, Leiden University, 2018. 441 pp.

200

Indonesia

1908. RIDDELL, Peter G. Islamization, creeping Shariʿa, and varied responses in Indonesia. Radical Islam’s rules: the spread of extreme Shariʿa law. Ed. Paul Marshall. Lanham, MD etc.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005, pp. 161–184. 1909. SALIM, Arskal. Politics, criminal justice and islamisation in Aceh. ARC Federation Fellowship, Centre for Islamic Law and Society, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, 2009. 20 pp. 1910.

SANTOSO, Topo. Implementation of Islamic criminal law in Indonesia: taʿzīr punishment as a solution? IIUM Law Journal, 19 i (2011) pp. 123–148.

1911.

SIAPNO, Jacqueline. Shariʿa moral policing and the politics of consent in Aceh, Indonesia. Social difference online, 1 (2011), pp. 17–29. [online].

1912.

SINAULAN, Ramlani Lina. Islamic law and terrorism in Indonesia. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 4 i (2016) pp. 13–28.

1913.

SIREGAR, Hasnil Basri. Lessons learned from the implementation of Islamic Shariʿah criminal law in Aceh, Indonesia. Journal of Law and Religion, 24 i (2008) pp. 143–176.

1914.

SIREGAR, Hasnil Basri. Islamic law in a national legal system: a study on the implementation of Shariʿah in Aceh, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 3 i (2008) pp. 1–26.

1915.

STRANG, Robert R. “More adversarial, but not completely adversarial”: Reformasi of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. Fordham International Law Journal, 32 (2008) pp. 188–231.

1916.

SYAFII, Ahmad. Criminal act of theft in Penal Code perspective and Islamic law. Tadulako Law Review, 2 ii (2017) pp. 140–158.

1917.

TELLE, Kari. Faith on trial: blasphemy and ‘lawfare’ in Indonesia. Ethnos. Journal of Anthropology, 83 ii (2018) pp. 371–391.

1918.

TØMTE, Aksel. Constitutional review of the Indonesian blasphemy law. Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 30 ii (2012) pp. 174–204.

Iran

201

1919.

UDDIN, Asma. Religious freedom implications of Sharia implementation in Aceh, Indonesia. University of St. Thomas Law Journal, 7 iii (2010) pp. 603–648.

1920.

WILSON, Ian Douglas. ‘As long as it’s halal’: Islamic preman in Jakarta. Expressing Islam: religious life and politics in Indonesia. Ed. Greg Fealy, Sally White. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2008, pp. 192–210.

1921.

ZULFA, Eva Achjani. Restorative justice in Indonesia: traditional value. Indonesia Law Review, 2 i (2011) pp. 33–43.

Iran 1922.

ABACHI, Maryam. The modern system of juvenile justice in Iran. Zeit­ schrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 127 (2015) pp. 822–841.

1923.

ABARGOUEI, Vajihe Sadat Pournajafi & MOGHADAM, Hassan Ghasemi. Conflict between confession and testimony when proving murder. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 vi (2016) pp. 165–170.

1924.

ABBASI, Mahmoud. Étude comparative de la responsiblité pénale du médecin en droit iranien et français. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris), 2005.

1925.

ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand. Tortured confessions: prisons and public recantations in modern Iran. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. 284 pp.

1926.

ABRANDABADI, Ali Hossein Nadjafi. La politique criminelle iranienne à l’épreuve des changements politiques. Doctorat d’Etat, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, 1990. 468 pp.

1927.

ABTAHI, Hirad. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the ICC. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 3 (2005) pp. 635–648.

1928.

ACHOURI, Mohammad. Quelques réflexions sur la nouvelle loi iranienne relative à l’organisation judiciaire et aux compétences des juridictions répressives (loi du 6 juillet 1994). Revue de science criminelle et de droit penal comparé, 1995, pp. 785–794.

202

Iran

1929.

AFRASIABI, Esmael & KANANI, Mohammadali. Suspending the passing of sentence (probation before judgement). Journal of Politics and Law, 9 vii (2016) pp. 206–213.

1930.

AGHAEE FISHANI, Sefatouah. La preuve en matière criminelle en droits français et iranien. Thèse de doctorat en droit pénal, Paris 1, 1996. 410 pp.

1931.

AGHAZADEH, Alireza. Organized smuggling of goods in the criminal law of Iran and Turkey. Journal of Politics and Law, 10 v (2017) pp. 24–28.

1932.

AGHTAIE, Nadia. Breaking the silence: rape law in Iran and controlling women’s sexuality. International approaches to rape. Ed. Nicole Westmarland, Geetanjali Gangoli. Bristol: Policy Press at the University of Bristol, 2011, pp. 121–146.

1933.

AHADI, Fatemeh. Re-visiting the concept of mens rea: challenging the common approaches employed under Islamic jurisprudence and statute law. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 iv (2016) pp. 1–8.

1934.

AHMADI, Seyed Mehdi. Perjury and its effects in the view of jurisprudence and criminal law. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 ix (2016) pp. 22–30.

1935.

AHMADY, Kameel. LGB in Iran—the homophic law and social system. Swift Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6 i (2020) pp. 1–13.

1936.

AKHAVAN, Payam. Is grassroots justice a viable alternative to impunity? The case of the Iran people’s tribunal. Human rights and agents of change in Iran: towards a theory of change. Ed. Rebecca Barlow, Shahram Akbarzadeh. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, pp. 83–103.

1937.

AKHOUNDI, Mahmoud. De l’influence de la tradition religieuse sur le droit pénal de l’Iran. Teheran: Imprimerie de l’Université Téhéran, 1961. 146 pp.

1938.

ALAʿI, Diane. Religious minorities and the death penalty in Iran the case of the Baháʾí religious minority. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 58–63.

Iran

203

1939.

ALASTI, Sanaz. Women and the death penalty in Iran. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 64–71.

1940. ALASTI, Sanaz. Cruel and unusual punishment. Comparative perspective in international conventions, the United States and Iran. Lake Mary, FL: Vandeplas Publication, 2009. 296 pp. 1941.

ALASTI, Sanaz. Comparative study of cruel & unusual punishment for engaging in consensual homosexual acts (in international conventions, the United States and Iran). Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law, 12 i (2006) pp. 149–183.

1942.

A legal study on children’s rights and Iran’s laws. London: Persia Educa­ tional Foundation, 2017. 33 pp.

1943.

ALIASSI, Taimoor. Ethnic minorities and the death penalty in Iran— the case of the Kurds. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 52–57.

1944.

ALIKARAMI, Leila. The issue of minors and the death penalty under Iran’s Criminal Code. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 72–77.

1945.

ALIMARDANI, Armin. Neuroscience, criminal responsibility and sentencing in an Islamic country: Iran. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 5 iii (2018) pp. 724–742.

1946.

ALIVERDINIA, A. An overview of the illicit narcotics problem in the Islamic Republic of Iran. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 16 ii (2008) pp. 155–170.

1947.

ALIVERDINIA, Akbar & PRIDEMORE, William, Alex. A first glimpse at narcotics offenders in an Islamic Republic: a test of an integrated model of drug involvement among a sample of men incarcerated for drug offenses in Iran. International Criminal Justice Review, 17 i (2007) pp. 27–44.

1948.

ALIZADEH, Hossein. The death penalty for the “sexual crime of homosexuality”. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 78–81.

204

Iran

1949.

ALZAID, Barrak. Fatwas and fags: violence and discursive production of abject bodies. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, 19 (2010) pp. 617–648.

1950.

AMROLLAHI BYOUKI, Mojgan. An international and national evaluation on child abuse in Iran and Germany. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač, 2017. 354 pp.

1951.

AMROLLAHI BYOUKI, Mojgan. An international and national evaluation of child abuse in Iran and Germany. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Freiburg (Germany), 2015. 304 pp.

1952.

AMROLLAHI BYOUKI, Mojgan. Qisās (retaliation) for children in Iran: a socio-criminological approach. Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, 2015. 18 pp.

1953.

An introduction to the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Islamic Republic of Iran, Bureau of International Affairs of the Judiciary, 2007. 79 pp.

1954.

ANSARI-POUR, M.A. Iran. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 15 (2011) pp. 229–239.

1955.

ANSARI-POUR, M.A. Iran. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 14 (2008–2009) pp. 315–327.

1956.

ANSARI-POUR, M.A. Iran. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 13 (2006–2007) pp. 253–363.

1957.

ANSARI-POUR, M.A. Iran. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 12 (2005–2006) pp. 415–429.

1958.

ANSARI-POUR, M.A. Iran. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 10 (2003–2004) pp. 267–275.

1959.

ANSARI-POUR, M.A. Iran. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 8 (2001–2002) pp. 273–283.

1960. ANSARI-POUR, M.A. Iran. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 6 (1999–2000) pp. 327–344.

Iran

205

1961.

ANSARI-POUR, M.A. Iran. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 4 (1997–1998) pp. 233–265.

1962.

ANSARI-POUR, M.A. Iran. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 3 (1996) pp. 342–351.

1963.

Apostasy in the Islamic Republic of Iran. New Haven: Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, 2014.

1964.

ARDÉBILI, Mohammad-Ali & NADJAFI, Ali-Hossein. La responsabilité pénale des mineurs en droit iranien. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 75 i–ii (2004) pp. 401–407.

1965.

ASGHARI, Akram & ROKNI, Syed Ali Asghar Mosavi. Legal changes in personal knowledge of the judge with emphasis on Islamic punishment law. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 5 ii (2015) pp. 407–416.

1966.

ASLAN, Reza. The problem of stoning in the Islamic Penal Code: an argument for reform. UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 3 i (2003–2004) pp. 91–106.

1967.

ASLI, Mehrdad Rayejian. Iranian criminal justice system in light of international standards relating to victims. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 14 ii (2006) pp. 185–207.

1968.

AZM, Sadiq J. al-. Is the “fatwa” a fatwa? Arab Studies Journal/Majallat al-Dirāsāt al-ʿArabīya, 1 i (1993), pp. 3.

1969.

AZMAYESH, Ali. L’extradition en droit iranien et les problèmes nouveaux. Revue internationale de droit pénal/International Review of Criminal Law, 62 i–ii (1991) pp. 685–699.

1970.

BAGHEER, Shamloo. La provocation en droit pénal français et iranien. Thèse de doctorat en droit privé, Université de Montpellier, 2000. 554 pp.

1971.

BAGHI, Emadeddin. Public opinion on the death penalty. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 95–103.

206

Iran

1972.

BAGHI, Emadeddin. The bloodied stone. Execution by stoning. Center for Human Rights in Iran, 2007.

1973.

BAHRAMI, Ameneh (mit Michael Gösele und Jutta Himmelreich). Auge um Auge: Ein Verehrer schüttete mir Säure ins Gesicht. Jetzt liegt sein Schicksal in meiner Hand. München: mvgVerlag, 2010. 253 pp.

1974.

BAHREINI, Raha. From perversion to pathology: discourse of gender policing in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Muslim World Journal of Human Rights, 5 i (2008) pp. 1–49.

1975.

BAKTIARI, Bahman. The Islamic Republic of Iran: Shariʿa politics and the transformation of Islamic law. The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 10 iv (2012) pp. 35–44.

1976.

BAKTIARI, Bahman. Iran: Shariʿa politics and the transformation of Islamic Law. Shariʿa politics. Islamic law and society in the modern world. Ed. Robert W. Hefner. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2011, pp. 121–145.

1977.

BANAKAR, Reza & ZIAEE, Keyvan. The life of the law in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iranian Studies, 51 v (2018) pp. 717–746.

1978.

BARLOWE, Sara. What’s Islam got to do with it? Obstacles in securing fair trial rights under Iran’s repressive regime. Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative law, 24 iii (2016) pp. 601–629.

1979.

BASHIRIYEH, Tahmoores & RAJAB, Mohammad Ali. The Iranian juvenile criminal justice system: an overview. Juvenile justice. International perspectives, models, and trends. Ed. John A. Winterdyk. Boca Raton etc.: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015, pp. 163–177.

1980. BEHNIAFAR, Ahmad Reza. Corporal punishment of children in Iranian law and international instruments. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 iii (2016) pp. 16–30. 1981.

BEIGZADEH, Ebrahim & NADJAFI, Ali-Hossein. Droit iranien. Juri­ dictions nationales et crimes internationaux. Ed. Antonio Cassese, Mireille Delmas-Marty. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2002, pp. 399–418.

Iran

207

1982.

BEIGZADEH, Ebrahim & NADJAFI, Ali-Hossein. Les problèmes de régionalisation à géographie variable (le cas de l’Iran). Archives de politique criminelle, 23 (2001) pp. 141–156.

1983.

BEVILACQUA, Catherine & HARPER, Elizabeth & KENT, Catherine. Sexual orientation and gender identity: Iran’s international human rights obligations. Human Rights in Iran Unit, Legal Research Series, University of Essex, 2014. 26 pp.

1984.

BIELEFELDT, Heiner. Zur Menschenrechtslage in Iran. Jahrbuch Menschenrechte 1999. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 1998, pp. 149–155.

1985.

BIELEFELDT, Heiner. Auseinandersetzung um die Menschenrechte. Zum vierten deutsch-iranischen Menschenrechtsseminar in Teheran (8.–10. November 1994). Orient (Zeitschrift des Deutschen OrientInstituts), 33 (1995) pp. 19–27.

1986.

BIRNBAUM, Lili & CETINKAYA, Hasret & HARPER, Elizabeth. Legal status of the child: Iran’s international human rights obligations. Human Rights in Iran Unit, Legal Research Series, University of Essex, 2014. 47 pp.

1987.

BUCAR, Elizabeth M. & SHIRAZI, Faegheh. The “invention” of lesbian acts in Iran: interpretative moves, hidden assumptions, and emerging categories of sexuality. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 16 iv (2012) pp. 416–434.

1988.

BUCHTA, Wilfried. Die Inquisition der Islamischen Republik Iran: Einige Anmerkungen zum Sondergerichtshof für die Geistlichkeit. Islamstudien ohne Ende. Festschrift für Werner Ende zum 65. Geburtstag. Ed. Rainer Brunner et al. Würzburg: Ergon, 2002, pp. 69–78.

1989.

CHERATI, Saleh Ghaffari. Punishment analysis of cyber pornography in the Iranian criminal justice system. Journal of Politics and Law, 12 iv (2019) pp. 107–112.

1990. Codifying repression: an assessment of Iran’s new Penal Code. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2012. 49 pp.

208

Iran

1991.

COPITHORNE, Maurice. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. United Nations General Assembly Report A/55/363, 2000. 23 pp.

1992.

CRESS, Ronda & KENT, Catherine & NAYYERI, Mohammad. Rule of law in Iran: independence of the judiciary, bar association, lawyers and Iran’s compliance with international human rights obligations. Human Rights in Iran Unit, Legal Research Series, University of Essex, 2014. 40 pp.

1993.

DAFTARY, Ali Akbar Khan. Geschichte und System des iranischen Stra­frechts: nebst einer Übersetzung des iranischen Strafgesetzbuchs. Bonn am Rhein: Röhrscheid, 1935. 260 pp.

1994.

DAHMARDEH GHALENO, Ehsan & MAHDAVI, Mahmood. Criminologi­ cal analysis of tax evasion in the criminal law in Iran. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 v (2016) pp. 15–23.

1995.

DAVOODIAN, Ehsan. Position of citizenship rights in criminal procedure law enacted in 2014. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 vi (2016), pp. 171–176.

1996.

Death penalty in Iran. A state terror policy. Special update for 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty. Paris: Fédération international des ligues des droits de l’homme/International Federation for Human Rights, 2013. 12 pp.

1997.

DELMAS-MARTY, Mireille. Internationalisation et régionalisation du droit pénal iranien: aspects de droit iranien. Séminaire franco-iranien. Paris, 13 novembre 2002. Archives de Politique Criminelle, 25 i (2003), pp. 177–178.

1998.

DELMAS-MARTY, Mireille. Les processus d’internationalisation du droit pénal (criminalité économique et atteintes à la dignité de la personne), le cas de l’Iran. Archives de politique criminelle, 23 (2001) pp. 123–130.

1999.

Denied identity: human rights abuses against Iran’s LGBT community. New Haven, Connecticut: Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, 2013. 53 pp.

Iran

209

2000. EBADI, Shirin. Keynote address: Islam, human rights, and Iran. Emory International Law Review, 23 (2009) pp. 13–24. 2001. EBRAHIMI, Shahram. Pour une réhabilitation plus juste des délinquants—Étude de droit iranien et des instruments de l’ONU. Revue de Science Criminelle et de Droit Pénal Comparé, 1 i (2018) pp. 309–316. 2002. EJLALI, P. Looking at crime statistics in Iran. Collected articles on social pathology in Iran. Tehran: Agah Publication, 2011, pp. 349–378. 2003. EKRADI, Saeed & CHERATI, Saleh Ghaffari. The study of theft in Iran and federal criminal law. Journal of Politics and Law, 10 iv (2017) pp. 174–179. 2004. ELAHE, Kamalipour Ravari & MEYSAM, Taram. Comparative study of duress in certain religious penalties in Imami jurisprudence and Islamic Penal Code. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 v (2016) pp. 88–94. 2005. ENGELAND, Anicée van. Transcending the human rights debate: Iranian intellectuals’ contemporary discourses and the new hermeneutics of Sharia. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 4 i (2011) pp. 72–89. 2006. ENTESSAR, Nader. Criminal law and the legal system in revolutionary Iran. Boston College Third World Law Journal, 8 i (1988) pp. 91–102. 2007. ES-HAGHI, Seyyed Jafar & SHEIDAEIAN, Mahdi. Public interest in criminal procedure and its challenges: an attitude toward Iranian criminal law. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 v (2016) pp. 1–14. 2008. ESKANDARI, Fatemeh. Comparison of child abuse crime in criminal systems, case study of Iran and international documents. Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 7 x (2019) pp. 7–17. 2009. ESLAMI SOMEA, Reza. Human rights in Shariʿa and Iran’s constitutional and legal system: the case of freedom of expression. LL.D. thesis, University of Montreal, 2001. 398 pp. 2010. ETTEHADIAH (NEZAM-MAFIE), Mansoureh. Crime, security, and insecurity: socio-political conditions of Iran, 1875–1924. War and

210

Iran

peace in Qajar Persia: implications past and present. Ed. Roxane Farmanfarmaian. London: Routledge, 2008, pp. 174–182. 2011.

FANAIAN, Tabassom. Public executions in Iran: a practice unfit for a modern society. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 84–90.

2012.

FARAJIHA, Mohammad. Community involvement in administration of criminal justice in Iran. International Journal of Humanities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 13 i (2006) pp. 93–106.

2013.

FARROKHI, Mansour. The application of universal jurisdiction in Iranian criminal law. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6 iii (2015) pp. 93–96.

2014.

FARSHCHI, Ali Ashraf. Esai sur la notion de la suspension des peines en droit pénal iranien: le nouveau régime islamique. Thèse de doctorat, Paris 2, 1987.

2015.

FARZINRAD, R. Legal explanation of criminal responsibility of children and juveniles and a look at police function in Iran. Police Studies Quarterly, 9 i (2007) pp. 141–156.

2016.

FEREYDOONI, Parastoo & RAMEZANI, Ahmad. Personality record and its role in procedure (case study: Article 203 of criminal procedure law). Journal of Politics and Law, 10 v (2017) pp. 1–7.

2017.

FIGG-FRANZOI, Lillian. Maslahat, the state and the people: opium use in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Crime, Law and Social Change, 56 iv (2011) pp. 421–438.

2018.

FISHANI, Efatouah Aghaee. La preuve en matière criminelle en droits français et iranien. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université de Paris 1, 1996. 410 pp.

2019.

FLOOR, Willem. The murder of Bibi Asilah: a failed early mixed-court case in Qajar Iran. Geographies of contact: Britain, the Middle East and the circulation of knowledge. Ed. Hélène Ibata et al. Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg, 2017, pp. 253–269.

Iran

211

2020. FLOOR, Willem. The office of muhtasib in Iran. Iranian Studies, 18 i (1985) pp. 53–74. 2021.

FLOOR, Willem. Change and development in the judicial system of Qajar Iran (1800–1925). Qajar Iran: political, social and cultural exchange. Ed. Edmond Bosworth, Carole Hillenbrand. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983, pp. 113–147.

2022. FLOOR, Willem. Das Amt des Muhtasib in Iran: Zur Kontrolle der „öffentlichen Moral“ in der iranischen Geschichte. Revolution in Iran und Afghanistan. Ed. K. Greussung, J.H. Grevemeyer. Berlin: Institut für vergleichende Sozialforschung, 1980, pp. 122–139. 2023. FLOOR, Willem. The police in Qājār Persia. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 123 (1973) pp. 293–315. 2024. FLOOR, W.M. The lūṭīs—a social phenomenon in Qājār Persia: a reappraisal. Die Welt des Islams, 13 i/ii (1971) pp. 103–120. 2025. FLOOR, Willem. The market police in Qajar Persia: The office of darughayi bazar and muhtasib. Die Welt des Islams, 13 (1971) pp. 212–239. 2026. FORBES, Simon. The reconstruction of homosexuality and its consequences in contemporary Iran. The SOAS Journal of Postgraduate Research, 10 (2016–17) pp. 25–47. 2027. FRASER FUJINAGA, Antonia. Islamic law in post-revolutionary Iran. The Oxford handbook of Islamic law. Ed. Anver M. Emon, Rumee Ahmed, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 609–651. 2028. FRASER FUJINAGA, Antonia. Life and limb. Irreversible hadd penalties in Iranian criminal courts and opportunities to avoid them. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Edinburgh, 2013. 409 pp. 2029. From cradle to coffin. A report on child execution in Iran. London: Foreign Policy Centre, 2009. 96 pp. 2030. GHAFFARI, Mohammad & NAJAFI, Habibollah. Inflation of criminal laws in Iran, causes and consequences. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3 vii (2012) pp. 1360–1368.

212 2031.

Iran

GHAMARI-TABRIZI, Behrooz. Women’s rights, Shariʿa law, and the secularization of Islam in Iran. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 26 iii (2013) pp. 237–253.

2032. GHASEMI, Mojtaba & ROSHAN, Mohammad. Vengeance versus forgiveness: Iranians experience with Islamic criminal law of homicide. Punitivity and punishment: results from different countries. Ed. Helmut Kury. Bochum: Universitätsverlag Dr. Brockmeyer, 2015. 143 pp. 2033. GHASSEMI, Ghassem. Criminal policy in Iran following the revolution of 1979: a comparative analysis of criminal punishment and sentencing in Iran and Germany. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2013. 265 pp. 2034. GHASSEMI, Ghassem. Criminal punishment in Islamic societies: empirical study of attitudes to criminal sentencing in Iran. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 15 i–ii (2009) pp. 159–180. 2035. GHIABI, Maziyar & MAAREFAND, Masoomeh & BAHARIB, Hamed & ALAVIC, Zohreh. Islam and cannabis: legalisation and religious debate in Iran. International Journal of Drug Policy, 56 (2018) pp. 121–127. 2036. GHIABI, Maziyar. Drugs and revolution in Iran: Islamic devotion, revolutionary zeal and republican means. Iranian Studies, 48 ii (2015) pp. 139–163. 2037. GHODSI, Ebrahim. Murder in the criminal law of Iran and Islam. The Journal of Criminal Law, 68 (2004) pp. 160–169. 2038. GHODSI, Ebrahim. Legitimate defence in the criminal law of Iran and Islam. Journal of Criminal Law, 67 iv (2003) pp. 349–357. 2039. GHOLAMI, Husain. The Islamitisation of criminal justice and its developments in Iran. Tilburg Law Review, 7 iii (1998) pp. 213–220. 2040. GHOLAMI, Hussein. Restorative traditions in violent conflicts in Iran. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 457–470.

Iran

2041.

213 GOLDOUST JOUYBARI, Rajab. Étude comparative sur la classification des infractions en droits iranien et français. Thèse de doctorat en droit pénal, Paris 1, 1996. 437 pp.

2042. GONTOWSKA, Luiza Maria. Human rights violations under the Shariaʿa: a comparative study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Honors College Theses, Paper 13, Pace University, 2005. 40 pp. 2043. GREENFIELD, James. Die geistlichen Schariegerichte in Persien, Zeit­ schrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 48 (1934) pp. 157–167. 2044. GUITOO, Arash. Die Geschichte der mann-männlichen Begierde in Iran von der Vormoderne bis heute. Baden-Baden: Ergon Verlag, 2020. 550 pp. 2045. HABIBI, Mohammad. Changes in attorney in the process of preliminary exploration and investigations according to Code of Crimi­ nal Procedure adopted in 2013 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 10 ii 2018 pp. 145–153. 2046. HABIBZADEH, M.J. et al. Disproportionate punishments as violation of human dignity. International Journal of Humanities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 19 ii (2012) pp. 43–65. 2047. HABIBZADEH, Mohammad Jaʿfar. Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege: with an approach to the Iranian legal system. The International Journal of Punishment and Sentencing, 2 i (2006) pp. 33–45. 2048. HABIBZADEH, Jafar. The legality principle of crimes and punishments in the Iranian legal system. Global Jurist Topics, 5 i/i (2005) pp. 1–14. 2049. HAGHPANAHAN, Abbas. Decriminalization in Iranian criminal policy: a comparative study with Western criminal justice system. Ph.D. dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University, 2013. 459 pp. 2050. HAMDAMIYAN, Ahmad & BEHNIAFAR, Ahmad Reza. Alternative theoretical foundations of penal sentences in criminal law with regard to Iran’s Islamic Penal Code 1392. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 iii (2016) pp. 40–54.

214 2051.

Iran

HASHEMI-TAHERI, Hassan. Der Geltungsbereich des iranischen Straf­ rechts. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität zu Köln, 1980. 120 pp.

2052. HASSAN, Nader & ITSCHERENSKA, I. Zur Revitalisierung des islamischen Strafrechts in Iran. Asien, Afrika, Lateinamerika, 13 (1985) pp. 58–68. 2053. HAUGH, Megan R. Stoning in Iran: a sexist and overlooked practice. The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College, Spring 2015, pp. 1–11. 2054. HEDAYAT, K.M. & SHOOSHTARIZADEH, P. & RAZA, M. Therapeutic abortion in Islam: contemporary views of Muslim shiite scholars and effect of recent Iranian legislation. Journal of Medical Ethics, 32 xi (2006) pp. 652–657. 2055. HOPE, Michael. Some notes on revenge and justice in the Mongol Empire and the Īl-Khānate of Iran. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 136 iii (2016) pp. 551–566. 2056. HOSSEINI, S. Behnaz. Women and suicide in Iran. Law, marriage and honour-killing. London: Routledge, 2021. 144 pp. 2057. HOSSEINI, Seyed Hossein. Corruption—étude comparative de la politique criminelle française et iranienne. Thèse de doctorat, Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 2004. 427 pp. 2058. HOSSEINI, S.H. Internationalisation du droit pénal en Iran: le cas de la corruption. Archives de Politique Criminelle, 25 i (2003) pp. 213–236. 2059. ILZAD, Dara. Chomeini und sein Strafgesetz: Barbarei oder Gerechtigkeit? Köln: Media Pro Verlag, 1984. 70 pp. 2060. Islamic Penal Code of Iran: (English translation), Islamabad: Iran Pakistan Institute of Persian Studies, 1986. 2061.

Islamic Republic of Iran: Computer Crimes Law 2012. London: Article 19, 2012. 51 pp. [online].

Iran

215

2062. JAFARI, Mehri. Islamic jurisprudence-inspired legal approaches towards male homosexuals in Iran. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights in Iran. Analysis from religious, social, legal and cultural perspectives. International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC), 2015, pp. 19–25. [online]. 2063. JALALI-KARVEH, Mahmoud. Theory and practice of arbitration as a peaceful means of dispute settlement in the Iranian legal system. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 429–446. 2064. JANAKI, Firouz Mahmoudi. The aims of punishment in Islamic criminal law and their reflection in the Iranian criminal justice system. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht XII. Ed. Silvia Tellenbach, Thoralf Hanstein. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2017, pp. 23–53. 2065. JOKINEN, Laura & SABELLA, Mona & BEVILACQUA, Catherine. Legal status of women: Iran’s international human rights obligations. Human Rights in Iran Unit, Legal Research Series, University of Essex, 2014. 50 pp. 2066. The justice system of the Islamic Republic of Iran: a report of the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. New York, NY: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1993. 55 pp. 2067. KAR, Mehrangiz. Iranian legal experts and issue of LGBT rights. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights in Iran. Analysis from religious, social, legal and cultural perspectives. International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC), 2015, pp. 9–11. 2068. KAR, Mehrangiz. Iranian law and women’s rights. Muslim World Journal of Human Rights, 4 i (2007) pp. 1–13. 2069. KAR, Mehrangis. Shariʿa law in Iran. Radical Islam’s rules: the worldwide spread of extreme Shariʿa law. Ed. Paul Marshall. Lanham, MD etc.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005, pp. 41–64.

216

Iran

2070. KARA, Seyfeddin & BAHMANPOUR, Mohammad Saeed. The legal authority of the jurist and its scope in modern Iran. Journal of the Contemporary Study of Islam, 1 i (2020) pp. 1–27. 2071.

KARADSHEH, Rose Marie. Creating an international criminal court: confronting the conflicting criminal procedures of Iran and the United States. Dickinson Journal of International Law, 14 ii/iv (1996) pp. 243–289.

2072. KESHAVARZ, Sharbanoo Baharak. Honor killing in Iran, a legal point of view. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 13 (2006–2007) pp. 87–96. 2073. KHALILI, Vali. Report of a public hanging. Asymptote, April (2016). [online]. 2074. KHOSRAVI, Mehdi. Power relations and judicial corruption in the Islamic Republic of Iran. New York etc.: Peter Lang, 2021. 258 pp. 2075. KHOZEIMEH, Mohammad Ali & BOULAGH, Mahmood. A look at legislative criminal policy of Iran against violent crimes. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 iv (2016) pp. 9–14. 2076. KHOZEIMEH, Mohammad Ali. Determining the advantages and disadvantages of the Iranian legal system’s selection policy in response to violent crimes. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 vi (2016) pp. 55–60. 2077. KIA, Masouduzzafar Samimi. Law of Hodoud and Qasas (punishment and retribution) and provisions thereof. Tehran: Tehran Pars Associates, 1983. 59 pp. 2078. KIDERLEN, Elisabeth. „Kampf gegen Gott“. Geschichte der Men­ schenrechte in der islamischen Republik Iran am Beispiel der Anklage wegen moharebeh. Die Hälfte der Gerechtigkeit? Das Ringen um universelle Anerkennung von Menschenrechten für Frauen: Das Beispiel Asien. Ed. Gunter Geiger. Leverkusen: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2011, pp. 141–158.

Iran

217

2079. KOUSHA, Jafar. Essai sur la peine à la lumière du droit pénal français et iranien. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé, Droit pénal et sciences criminelles, Université de Montpellier 1, 1996. 538 pp. 2080. KÜNKLER, Mirjam. Rule of law or rule by law? Iran’s bar association as a pawn in Islamic-republican contestations. Ed. Silvia Tellenbach, Thoralf Hanstein. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht XII. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2017, pp. 133–153. 2081.

KÜNKLER, Mirjam. The special court of the clergy (Dādgāh-e Vizhe-ye Ruhāniyat) and the repression of the dissident clergy in Iran. The rule of law, Islam and constitutional politics in Egypt and Iran. Ed. Said Amir Arjomand, Nathan J. Brown. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2013, pp. 57–100.

2082. KUSHA, Hamid R. & AMMAR, Nawal H. Stoning women in the Islamic Republic of Iran: is it holy law or gender violence? Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 5 i (2014) pp. 1–9. 2083. KUSHA, Hamid R. The sacred law of Islam: a case study of women’s treatment in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s criminal justice system. London: Routledge, 2002. 326 pp. 2084. LASHGARI, Mohammad & MEHRABADI, Zahra Abedi Nezhad. Sen­ tencing postponed in the Penal Code in 1392. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 ix (2016) pp. 1–7. 2085. Law and human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a report covering events within the seven month period following the revolution of February 1979. London: Amnesty International Secretariat, 1980. 216 pp. 2086. LOTFI, Iraj. Criminal responsibility of children in international documents and comparative study with Iranian law. Journal of Politics and Law, 10 iii (2017) pp. 98–103. 2087. MAFTEI, Ciprian-Vasile. The sanctions of the Islamic criminal law. Aspects regarding penalties of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Religion and tradition vs. observing human rights. Juridical Current, 13 iii (2010) pp. 139–148.

218

Iran

2088. MAHMOUDI, Firouz. Alternative sanctions in Iranian penal law. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 447–455. 2089. MAHMOUDI, Firouz. Informal justice system in Iranian law. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 411–428. 2090. MAHMOUDI, Firouz. On criminalization in Iran (sources and features). European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 10 (2002) pp. 45–53. 2091.

MAJIDZADEH, Peyman. Right to life in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The possibility of abolition of the death penalty in the Iranian laws and practice. M.A. thesis, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa, 2012. 66 pp.

2092. MARTIN, Vanessa. Murder in Bushehr in 1844: the case of Bibi Asilu. Iran, 46 (2008) pp. 285–292. 2093. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. The universality of human rights: lessons from the Islamic Republic of Iran. Social Research, 67 ii (2000) pp. 519–536. 2094. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. Islamic rights or human rights: an Iranian dilemma. Iranian Studies, 29 iii–iv (1996) pp. 269–296. 2095. MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. The fundamentalist impact on law, politics, and constitutions in Iran, Pakistan, and the Sudan. Fundamentalisms and the state. Ed. Martin E. Marty, R. Scott Appleby. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993, pp. 110–151. 2096. MAYER, Ann. Law in an Islamic state: the Iranian equation. The National Law Journal, March 5 and 12, 1979. 2097. MILLER, Isabel. A murder in medieval Yazd. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 26 i–ii (2016) pp. 121–135. 2098. MIR-HOSSEINI, Ziba. Sharia and national law in Iran. In Sharia incorporated: a comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim

Iran

219 countries in past and present. Ed. Jan Michiel Otto. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010, pp. 318–371.

2099. MIR-HOSSEINI, Ziba. Iran. Control and sexuality: the revival of zina laws in Muslim contexts. Ed. Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Vanja Hamzić. London: Women Living Under Muslim Laws, 2010, pp. 81–115. 2100. MIR-KHALILI, Seyyed Mahmoud. The strict criminal liability in Iran’s criminal legal system. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 viii (2016) pp. 24–32. 2101.

MOINI, Reza (interview with). The media and the death penalty. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 91–94.

2102.

MOKHTARI, Ali. Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: a comparative study between international law, Islamic jurisprudence and the Iranian legal system. LL.M. thesis, McGill University, 2004. 144 pp.

2103.

MOLLAEI, Mohammad & GHAYOOMZADEH, Mahmood & MIRKHA­ LILI, Seyed Mahmoud. Rehabilitation and re-socialization of criminals in Iranian criminal law. Journal of Religion and Health, 59 ii (2020) pp. 1013–1023.

2104.

MOSTAFAEI, Mohammad. The crimes of apostasy and blasphemy in Iran. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 101–110.

2105.

MOSTAFAEI, Mohammad. I skyggen av Sharia. Oslo: Aschehoug, 2017. 319 pp.

2106.

MOUSAVI, Shohreh & YUSOFF, Jal Zabdi Mohd & DUSUKI, Farah Nini & RASTEGARI, Behnam. A critical legal analysis on the minimum age of criminal responsibility in the new Islamic Punishment Act of Iran. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 5 (2014) pp. 31–50.

2107.

MOUSAVI, Shohreh & SHAPIEE, Rohimi & NORDIN, Rohaida. Child offenders in Iran: legal analysis on the age of criminal responsibility and sentencing. International Journal of West-Asian Studies, 4 i (2012) pp. 31–48.

220

Iran

2108.

MOZAFFARI, Mehdi. Fatwa: violence and discourtesy. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 1998. 213 pp.

2109.

MOZZAFARI, Fatmah. Illegal digging and exploitation of water wells from the viewpoint of Islamic jurisprudence and Iran’s law. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 5 iv (2015) pp. 265–272.

2110.

NADJAFI, Ali-Hossein. Les droits de la victime dans la justice pénale iranienne. Problèmes actuelles de science criminelle, 19 (2006) pp. 13–26.

2111.

NADJAFI, Ali-Hossein. Iranian adult corrections system: constant evolution. Ed. John A Winterdyk. Adult corrections, international systems and perspectives. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press, 2004, pp. 199–230.

2112.

NADJAFI, Ali-Hossein. La reception des instruments internationaux en droit penal iranien: une réception tumultueuse. Archives de Politique Criminelle, 25 i (2003), pp. 183–193.

2113.

NADJAFI, Ali-Hossein. La politique criminelle iranienne en matière de stupéfiants. Problèmes actuels de science criminelle, 14 (2001).

2114.

NADJAFI, Ali-Hossein. The Iranian penal policy between the minister of justice and the head of the judiciary. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 9 iv (2001), pp. 299–308.

2115.

NADJAFI ABRANDABADI, Ali Hossein. La criminologie en Iran. Le champ pénal: Mélanges en l’honneur du professeur Reynald Ottenhof. Paris: Dalloz, 2006, pp. 431–436.

2116.

NADJAFI ABRANDABADI, Ali Hossein. L’enseignement et la formation criminologiques en Iran. Profession criminologue: spécialisation ou professionnalisation? Actes du XVIIIème congrès de l’Association française de criminologie. Collection “criminologie et sciences de l’homme”. Ed. R. Cario, M. Favard, R. Ottenhof. Toulouse: Erès, 1994, pp. 211–215.

2117.

NADJAFI ABRANDABADI, Ali Hossein. La politique criminelle iranienne à l’épreuve des changements politiques. Thèse d’Ètat, Université Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, 1990. 468 pp.

Iran

221

2118.

NAJAFABADI, Afrooz Maghzi. Challenges to the regulation of sexuality under Iranian criminal law. Ed. Silvia Tellenbach, Thoralf Hanstein. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht XII. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2017, pp. 99–132.

2119.

NAJAFI, Mehdi & SOLTANFAR, Gholamreza. Commutation and intensification of juridical punishment after award issuance in Procedure Code of Iran. Journal of History, Culture & Art Research/Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Arastirmalari Dergisi. 6 i (2017) pp. 489–503.

2120.

NAJAFI, Razieh. A survey of discretionary position in fiqh and objective law. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 v (2016) pp. 309–313.

2121.

NAJAFI TAVANI, Choka-Agi. La répression et le traitement des mineurs délinquants en droit comparé notamment en droit pénal iranien et français. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Toulouse 1, 1983.

2122.

NAJAFZADEH SHAVAKI, Ghadir & REZAEIAN KOOCHI, Mohammad Reza & MORADI, Sajad. Analysis of some punishment practices based on legal-historical principles of Iranian society: Qajar dynasty case study. Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları/Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6 ii (2017) pp. 647–654.

2123.

NAJMABADI, Afsaneh. Types, acts or what? Regulation of sexuality in nineteenth-century Iran. Islamicate sexualities: translations across temporal geographies of desire Ed. Kathryn Babayan, Afsaneh Najmabadi. Cambridge: Center for Middle Eastern Studies, 2008, pp. 275–296.

2124.

NAQVI, Sayyid Ali Raza. Islamic Penal Code of Iran: English translation. Islamabad, Pakistan: Iran Pakistan Institute of Persian Studies, 1986. 122 pp.

2125.

NAQVI, Ṡyed Ali Raza. Ḥudūd & Qiṣāṣ Act of Iran: ḥudūd & their relevant laws. Islamic Studies, 25 i (1986) pp. 107–150.

2126.

NAQVI, S. Ali Raza. Islamic Penal Code of Iran (diyat section). (Passed on 24 Azar, 1361/15th December, 1982). Islamic Studies, 25 ii (1986) pp. 243–273.

222

Iran

2127.

NAQVI, Ali Raza. The Qiṣāṣ Act of Iran 1982. Islamic Studies, 24 iv (1985) pp. 521–556.

2128.

NASSIRI, Morteza. Iran’s judicial system after the revolution, (Trans­ lated by Legatum Institute). Iran Nameh, 1 January, 1997.

2129.

NATERI, Mohammad Ebrahim Shams. Formal and informal means of conflict resolution in murder cases in Iran. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 401–410.

2130.

NAYYERI, Mohammad Hossein. New Islamic Penal Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran: an overview. Human Rights in Iran Unit, Research Paper Series, University of Essex, 2012. 24 pp.

2131.

NEWMAN, Graeme. Khomeini and criminal justice: notes on crime and culture. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 73 ii (1982) pp. 561–581.

2132.

NIKNAM, Azadeh. The Islamization of law in Iran: a time of disenchantment. Middle East Report, 212 (1999) pp. 17–21.

2133.

NIKNAM, Azadeh. L’islamisation du droit pénal à l’épreuve des réalités en Iran. Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Mediterranee, 85–86 (1999) pp. 47–62.

2134.

NORY YOSHANLOEY, Jafar. Traitement des responsabilités civile et pénale: approche comparée en droit français et iranien. L’Harmattan, Paris, 2013. 341 pp.

2135.

NORY YOSHANLOEY, Jafar. Essai sur les finalités punitive et réparatrice des responsabilités civile et pénale en droit français et iranien. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé et Sciences criminelles, Université de Montpellier 1, 2011.

2136.

NOURBAHA, Reza. Le droit pénal iranien à la lumière des principes directeurs de la constitution de la République islamique d’Iran. Archives de politique criminelle, 23 i (2001) pp. 157–166.

2137.

OSANLOO, Arzoo. Forgiveness work: mercy, law, and victims’ rights in Iran. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020. 320 pp.

Iran

223

2138.

OSANLOO, Arzoo. Righteous injuries: victim’s rights, discretion, and forbearance in Iranian criminal sanctioning. Injury and injustice: the cultural politics of harm and redress. Ed. Anne Bloom, David M. Engel, Michael McCann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, pp. 96–114.

2139.

OSANLOO, Arzoo. Women and criminal law in post-Khomeini Iran. Inside the Islamic Republic: social change in post-Khomeini Iran. Ed. Mahmood Monshipouri. London & New York: Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 91–112.

2140.

OSANLOO, Arzoo. Crime and reconciliation: women’s peace initiatives in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Women and peace in the Islamic world: gender, agency and influence. Ed. Yasmin Saikia, Chad Haines. London. I.B. Tauris, 2015, pp. 224–245.

2141.

OSANLOO, Arzoo. When blood has spilled: gender, honor, and compensation in Iranian criminal sanctioning. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 35 ii (2012) pp. 308–326.

2142.

OSANLOO, Arzoo & GANJI, Akbar & AGHAJARI, Hashem. Refusing mercy: challenges to the state’s monopoly of violence in Iran. Policing and prisons in the Middle East: formations of coercion. Ed. Laleh Khalili, Jilian Schwedler. London: Hurst, 2010, pp. 263–277.

2143.

OSANLOO, Arzoo. The measure of mercy: Islamic justice, sovereign power, and human rights in Iran. Cultural Anthropology, 21 iv (2006) pp. 570–602.

2144.

OTTLEY, B.L. The revolutionary courts of Iran: Islamic law of revolutionary justice? Newsletter of International Law, 4 (1980), pp. 1–8.

2145.

PARTOW, Negar. Being an unbeliever and the power of fatwa in Iran. Freedom of speech and Islam. Ed. Erich Kolig. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2014, pp. 143–162.

2146.

PEZESHKI, Ali. The approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. Ph.D. dissertation, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. 345 pp.

224

Iran

2147.

PICHECA, Giulio. Analisi della situazione giudiziaria in Iran attraverso la casistica emersa nella prassi rivoluzionaria. Oriente Moderno, 62 i (1982) pp. 37–59.

2148.

PIRHAJI, Mehdi & SHEKARCHIZADEH, Mohsen. Self-inflicted death in criminal law of Iran. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6 vi (2015) pp. 194–200.

2149.

PISTOR-HATAM, Anja (ed.). Menschenrechte in der Islamischen Repub­ lik Iran. Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Baden-Baden: Ergon, 2021. 319 pp.

2150.

POURZAND, Peyman. Capital punishment in criminal policy founded on the trivialisation of extreme measures. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 22–28.

2151.

POURZAND, Peyman. La violence sexuelle: cas symptomatique de l’anachronisme des perceptions juridiques afghane et iranienne. Archives de Politique Criminelle, 34 i (2012) pp. 241–265.

2152.

POURZAND, Peyman. Internationalisation et régionalisation du droit pénal iranien: aspects de droit iranien. Séminaire franco-iranien. Paris, 13 novembre 2002. Archives de Politique Criminelle, 25 i (2003) pp. 179–182.

2153.

RAEESI, Hossein. Same-sex “crimes” in revised Iranian Code of Criminal Procedure. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights in Iran. Analysis from religious, social, legal and cultural perspectives. International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC), 2015, pp. 13–18.

2154.

RAEESI, Hossein. Lawyers in death penalty cases. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 29–34.

2155.

RAHAMI, Mohsen. Islamic restorative traditions and their reflections in the post revolutionary criminal justice system of Iran. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 15 ii (2007) pp. 227–248.

Iran

225

2156.

RAHAMI, Mohsen. The constitution as a means of conflict prevention in Iran. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies— between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 471–492.

2157.

RAHAMI, Mohsen. Development of criminal punishment in the Iranian post-revolutionary Penal Code. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 13 (2005) pp. 585–602.

2158.

RAHMANI TABAR, Mohsen. La protection pénale des libertés et droits fondamentaux de la femme: Etude comparé Iran-France. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé et Sciences criminelles, Université de Montpellier 1, 2014.

2159.

RAHMDEL, Mansour. The right to privacy in the Iranian criminal justice system. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, 6 ii (2018), pp. 97–219.

2160.

RAHMDEL, Mansour. New developments in the Iranian Code of Criminal Procedure of 2014. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Strafrechtswis­ senschaft, 127 (2015) pp. 788–821.

2161.

RAHMDEL, Mansour. The role of the courts in the reform of Iranian criminal law policy. Criminal Law Forum, 17 i (2006) pp. 59–70.

2162.

RAHMDEL, Mansour. The “Ne bis in idem” rule in Iranian criminal law. Journal of Financial Crime, 11 iii (2004) pp. 277–281.

2163.

RAHMDEL, Mansour & RAHMDEL, Naser. The right to counsel in Iranian criminal justice system. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60 iii (2003) pp. 287–295.

2164.

RAHMDEL, Mansour. Money laundering in Iranian law: present and future. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 6 ii (2003) pp. 182–190.

2165.

REISSNER, Johannes. Der Imam und die Verfassung—Zur politischen und staatsrechtlichen Bedeutung der Direktive Imam Khomeinis vom 7. January 1988. Orient, 29 (1988) pp. 213–236.

2166.

REJALI, Darius M. Torture & modernity: self, society, and state in modern Iran. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. 289 pp.

226

Iran

2167.

REZAEI, Hassan. The Iranian criminal justice under the Islamization project. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 10 i (2002) pp. 54–69. [Republished in BOHLANDER, Michael (ed.). Globalization of criminal justice. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2010, pp. 93–108.]

2168.

REZAEI, Hassan & AGHABABAEI, Hussein. Iranian criminal law on political opposition. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 12 (2005) pp. 97–110.

2169.

REZAEIAN KOOCHI, Mohammad Reza & SAHRAGARD, Mojtaba & SHAVAKI, Ghadir Najafzadeh. Crime danger management in Iran’s criminal law and Islam’s legal instructions. Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Arastirmalari Dergisi, 6 iii (2017) pp. 208–221.

2170.

REZAEIAN KOOCHI, Mohammad Reza & NAJAFZADEH SHAVAKI, Ghadir & SAHRAGARD, Mojtaba. Juridical-legal study of the criminal policy of Iran regarding prejudicial to public decency crimes with an approach to the ancient laws. Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları/ Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6 ii (2017) pp. 669–677.

2171.

REZAIE, Parvin. Honour-murderers in southwest of Iran: a critical and evidential vision. European Journal of Social Sciences, 31 ii (2012) pp. 190–201.

2172.

RIZVI, Sajjad H. The takfīr of the philosophers (and Sufis) in Safavid Iran. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016, pp. 244–269.

2173.

ROOHOLAMINI, Mahmood. Concept of abetment in the IPC (2013). Journal of Politics and Law, 10 ii (2017) pp. 162–168.

2174.

SADEGHI, Hossein Mir Mohammad. A study of the consolidation of Islamic law and modern Western law in the Iranian Penal Code. Mixed legal systems, East and West. Ed. Vernon Valentine Palmer, Mohamed Y. Mattar, Anna Koppel. London & New York: Routledge, 2015, pp. 251–254.

Iran

227

2175.

SADEGHI, Hossein Mir Mohammad. The position and the functions of judges in Islamic law—with particular reference to the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Position und Aufgaben des Richters nach westlichem und nach islamischem Recht. Ed. Heinrich Scholler, Silvia Tellenbach. Tübingen: Siebeck & Mohr, 2007, pp. 46–54.

2176.

SADEGHI, Hossein Mir Mohammad. Iran/Iran. Revue internationale de droit pénale, 74 i–ii (2003) pp. 325–336.

2177.

SADEGHI-FASSAEI, Soheila. Iranian women’s pathways to imprisonment. Women’s Studies International Forum, 24 vi (2001) pp. 701–710.

2178.

SADR, Shadi & AMIN, Shadi. Crime and impunity. Sexual torture of women in Islamic Republic prisons. London: Justice For Iran, 2012. 290 pp.

2179.

SADRI, Mahmoud. Re-framing reform: lessons from the apostasy trials of Hassan Yousefi Eshkevari and Hashem Aghajari. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 195–206.

2180.

SAHEBJAM, Freidoune. The stoning of Soraya M. New York: Arcade, 1994. 144 pp.

2181.

SAHEBJAM, Freidoune. Die gesteinigte Frau—Die Geschichte der Soraya Manoutchehri. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1992. 151 pp.

2182.

SAILER, Johanna. Die Todesstrafe an Jugendlichen in der islamischen Republik Iran. Diplomarbeit, Universität Wien 2014. 146 pp.

2183.

SANEY, Parwiz. Die Strafrechtsordnung Irans nach der islamischen Revolution. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 97 (1985) pp. 436–453.

2184.

SARKOHI, Arash. Der Demokratie- und Menschenrechtsdiskurs der religiösen Reformer in Iran und die Universalität der Menschenrechte. Würzburg: Ergon, 2014. 239 pp.

228

Iran

2185.

SAYEBANI, Ali Reza. Iran penal law on sacrilege in the name of freedom of expression. Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6 i (2017) pp. 378–391.

2186.

SCHNEIDER, Irene. Islamisches Recht unter den Safawiden und Kadscharen (1500–1925). Handbuch der Iranistik. Ed. Ludwig Paul. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2013, pp. 133–143.

2187.

SCHNEIDER, Irene. The concept of honor and its reflection in the Iranian Penal Code. Journal of Persianate Studies, 5 (2012) pp. 43–57.

2188.

SCHNEIDER, Irene. Religious and state jurisdiction in Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh’s time. Religion and society in Qajar Iran. Ed. Robert Gleave. London & New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005, pp. 84–110.

2189.

SCHNEIDER, Irene. Muḥammad Bāqir Šaftī (1180–1260/1766–1844) und die Isfahaner Gerichtsbarkeit. Der Islam, 79 (2002) pp. 240–273.

2190.

SCHWERDA, Mira Xenia. Death on display: Mirza Riza Kirmani, prison portraiture and the depiction of public executions in Qajar Iran. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 8 ii–iii (2015) pp. 172–191.

2191.

SHAFIEI-NASAB, Djafar. Torture et punition en Iran du 13ème au 18ème siècle. Proceedings of the Second European Conference of Iranian Studies held in Bamberg, 30th September to 4th October 1991 by the Societas Iranologica Europaea. Ed. Bert G. Fragner et al. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1995, pp. 617–626.

2192.

SHAFIEI-NASAB, Djafar. Folter und Strafe in Iran vom 13. bis 18. Jahrhundert. XXV. Deutscher Orientalistentag vom 8. bis 13.4.1991 in München. Vorträge. Ed. C. Wunsch. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1994, pp. 253–262.

2193.

SHAHEED, Ahmed. International legal standards and capital punishment in the Islamic Republic of Iran. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 35–41.

2194.

SHAKERI, A. Penal justice in the Iranian legal system. American Journal of Scientific Research, 25 (2001) pp. 42–56.

Iran

229

2195.

SHAMLO, Bagher. La provocation en droit pénal français et iranien. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé, Université de Montpellier 1, 2000, 2 vols. 554 pp.

2196.

SHAMS NATERI, Mohammad Ebrahim. Formal and informal means of conflict resolution in murder cases in Iran. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 401–410.

2197.

SHIRAZI, Gholam Reza & KALANTARY, Keyoumars & SHAKERI, Abolhasan. Criminal protection of the family in Iran’s law in light of the latest code. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 v (2016) pp. 40–46.

2198.

SHIRZADI, Ali. The abolitionist movement in Iran. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 104–108.

2199.

SOHRABY, Farzad & HABIBITABAR, Hossein & MASSOUDZADE, Mohammad Reza. Money laundering crime and its situational prevention in Iranian law and international law. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 vii (2016) pp. 57–63.

2200. SOHRABZADEH, Mehran. Crimes in Islamic countries and the role of Muharram in decreasing the offences: evidence from Iran. Spectrum: a Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2 x (2013) pp. 50–58. 2201.

SOLEIMANI, Ali. Wetboek van Islamitisch strafrecht. Drachten, The Netherlands: Het Talenhuis, 2001.

2202. SOLEIMANI, Farzaneh. Basics of public punishment in Iran’s jurisprudence and law. International Academic Journal of Social Sciences, 5 ii (2018) pp. 99–108. 2203. SOLTANI, Samira & RAMAZANI, Ahmad. Criminal liability and crime and punishment proportionality in the crime of legal entities. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 vi (2016) pp. 61–67. 2204. SOMEA, Reza Eslami. Human rights and Shariʿa and Iran’s constitutional and legal system: the case of freedom of expression. LL.D. thesis, Université de Montréal, 2001. 398 pp.

230

Iran

2205. SOTOUDEH, Nasrin. The death penalty in the judicial system. On the death penalty in Iran. Montreuil: Ensemble contre la peine de mort, 2014, pp. 16–20. 2206. TABTABAEI, Chamseddine Mohammad Sayed. Le témoignage en droit musulman chiite et en droit iranien. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé, Université de Perpignan, 2000. 205 pp. 2207. TABATABAEI, Seyed Emadeddin. Schmähungen von muqaddasāt im iranischen Strafrecht. Ed. Silvia Tellenbach, Thoralf Hanstein. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht XII. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2017, pp. 55–79. 2208. TAEBLOO, Feizollah Salehi & NAINI, Manuchehr Tavassoli. Observing the accused person interrogation rights in pretrial period in Iran’s law and the international charter of human rights. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 ix (2016) pp. 126–135. 2209. TAMADONFAR, Mehran. Islam, law, and political control in contemporary Iran. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40 ii (2001) pp. 205–219. 2210.

TAVANA, Mohammad H. Three decades of Islamic criminal law legislation in Iran: legislative history analysis with emphasis on the amendments of the 2013 Islamic Penal Code. Electronic Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 2 (2014) pp. 24–38.

2211.

TELLENBACH, Silvia. Richter und Gerichtsbarkeit im Strafprozess der Islamischen Republik Iran. Ed. Tatjana Hörnle, Christoph Möllers, Gerhard Wagner. Gerichte und ihre Äquivalente. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2020, pp. 161–181.

2212.

TELLENBACH, S. Grundzüge des iranischen Strafgesetzbuchs von 2013. Iran-Reader 2017. Zusammengestellt v. Oliver Ernst. Berlin: KonradAdenauer-Stiftung, 2017, pp. 71–86.

2213.

TELLENBACH, S. Fondamenti del diritto penale nella Repubblica Islamica dell’Iran. Diritto penale XXI secolo, 2 (2016), pp. 215–244.

Iran

231

2214.

TELLENBACH, S. Iran. Brill’s Encyclopedia of Law and Religion. Ed. G. Robbers, W. Cole Durham, Jr. Vol. 3, Asia. Leiden & Boston: Brill/ Nijhoff, 2016, pp. 130–145.

2215.

TELLENBACH, Silvia. The concept of legality in the Iranian legal system. Iran Human Rights Review: Justice, September 2014, pp. 1–2.

2216.

TELLENBACH, S. Zum Strafgesetzbuch der Islamischen Republik Iran von 2013. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 126 (2014) pp. 775–801.

2217.

TELLENBACH, S. Zum Strafprozessrecht der Islamischen Republik Iran unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Strafprozessordnung von 2014. Prof. Dr. Feridun Yenisey’e Armağan. Ed. A. Nuhoğlu, S. Altunç, C.Z. Pirim. Istanbul: Beta, 2014, pp. 1185–1216.

2218.

TELLENBACH, S. Neues im iranischen Strafgesetzbuch von 2013. GAIRMitteilungen, 6 (2014) pp. 101–108.

2219.

TELLENBACH, Silvia. The principle of legality in the Iranian constitutional and criminal law. The rule of law, Islam, and constitutional politics in Egypt and Iran. Ed. S.A. Arjomand, N.J. Brown. New York: SUNY Press, 2013, pp. 101–122.

2220. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Recht und Gesetz in der Islamischen Republik Iran. Iran-Reader 2012. Zusammengestellt v. Oliver Ernst, Berlin: KonradAdenauer-Stiftung, 2012, pp. 62–78. 2221.

TELLENBACH, Silvia. Concept and systematization of the criminal offense in Iran. National criminal law in a comparative legal context. Vol. 3.1. Defining criminal conduct: concept and systematization of the criminal offense—objective aspects of the offence—subjective aspects of the offense. Australia, Bosnia and Herz., Hungary, India, Iran, Japan, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, Uruguay, USA. Ed. Ulrich Sieber, Susanne Forster, Konstanze Jarvers. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2011, pp. 49–62.

2222. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Objective aspects of the offense in Iran. National criminal law in a comparative legal context. Vol. 3.1. Defining criminal conduct: concept and systematization of the criminal offense—objective

232

Iran

aspects of the offence—subjective aspects of the offense. Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, India, Iran, Japan, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, Uruguay, USA. Ed. Ulrich Sieber, Susanne Forster, Konstanze Jarvers. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2011, pp. 195–208. 2223.

TELLENBACH, S. Iran. The handbook of comparative criminal Law. Ed. Kevin Jon Heller, Markus D. Dubber. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2011, pp. 320–351.

2224. TELLENBACH, S. Principle of legality in Iran. National criminal law in a comparative legal context. Vol. 2.1. General limitations on the application of criminal law: principle of legality—extraterritorial jurisdiction. Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, India, Iran, Japan, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, Uruguay, USA. Ed. Ulrich Sieber, Susanne Forster, Konstanze Jarvers. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, (2011), pp. 65–77. 2225. TELLENBACH, S. Subjective aspects of the offense in Iran. National criminal law in a comparative legal context. Vol. 3.1. Defining criminal conduct: concept and systematization of the criminal offense—objective aspects of the offence—subjective aspects of the offense. Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, India, Iran, Japan, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, Uruguay, USA. Ed. Ulrich Sieber, Susanne Forster, Konstanze Jarvers. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2011, pp. 389–404. 2226. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Aspects of the Iranian Code of Islamic Punish­ ment: the principle of legality and the temporal, spatial and personal applicability of the law. International Criminal Law Review, 9 (2009) pp. 689–705. 2227. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Das Legalitätsprinzip im iranischen Verfassungsund Strafrecht. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 121 (2009) pp. 1054–1076. 2228. TELLENBACH, S. Zur Strafrechtspflege in der Islamischen Republik Iran. Beiträge zum islamischen Recht IV. Ed. S. Tellenbach, Th. Hanstein. Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang, 2004, pp. 45–58. 2229. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Neues zum iranischen Strafrecht. Zeitschrift für Ausländerrecht und Ausländerpolitik, 18 (1998) pp. 38–42.

Iran

233

2230. TELLENBACH, S. Strafgesetze der Islamischen Republik Iran. Übersetzt und eingeleitet von Silvia Tellenbach. Sammlung außerdeutscher Strafgesetzbücher in deutscher Übersetzung. Bd. 106. Ed. A. Eser, H.-H. Jescheck, G. Kaiser. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996. 190 pp. 2231.

TELLENBACH, S. Zur Re-Islamisierung des Strafrechts in Iran. Zeit­ schrift für die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 101 (1989) pp. 188–205.

2232. THOT, Ladislaus von. Das persische Rechtssystem. Zeitschrift für Ver­ gleichende Rechtswissenschaft, 22 (1909) pp. 348–429. 2233.

TOGHRANEGAR, Hasan. La politique criminelle iranienne à l’épreuve du crime organisé—L’exemple du traffic de drogue. Éditions universitaires européennes, 2012. 592 pp.

2234. VANZAN, Anna. Queer Iran: come conciliare transessualità e religione nella repubblica islamica d’Iran. Quaderni di Diritto e Politica Ecclesiastica, 23 speciale (2015) pp. 143–166. 2235. VASMAGHI, Sedighe. Women, jurisprudence, Islam. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2014. 162 pp. 2236. VEJDANI, Farzin. Urban violence and space: lutis, seminarians, and sayyids in late Qajar Iran. Journal of Social History, 52 i (2018) pp. 26–53. 2237. “We are a buried generation”. Discrimination and violence against sexual minorities in Iran. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2010. 108 pp. 2238. WINSTON, Brian. The Rushdie fatwa and after: a lesson to the circumspect. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 173 pp. 2239. YARI, Ayatollah & SADEGHI, Hossein Mir Mohammad. Legal basis of common approaches to object to a criminal judgement in Iran and England penal systems. Journal of Politics and Law, 11 i (2018) pp. 1–9. 2240. “You can detain anyone for anything”: Iran’s broadening clampdown on independent activism. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2008. 52 pp. 2241.

ZADNAHAL, Sahar & GOLDOZIAN, Iraj. An investigation into the rule of action in the penal system. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 ii (2016) pp. 96–102.

234

Iraq

2242. ZAFARQANDI, Sajad Fatahi. Comparative analysis between traditional and modern Criminal Procedure Code. Journal of Politics and Law, 9 ix (2016), pp. 97–101. 2243. ZALKIND, Paola & JAMES SIMON, Rita. Global perspectives on social issues: juvenile justice systems. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2004, 197 pp. [See “Iran” at pp. 103–108 and 114–115.] 2244. ZAMANI, A. & JORDAN, C. Law enforcement in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Socialist Peoples’ Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: a comparative study. Police Studies: The International Review of Police Development, 12 (1989) pp. 39–50. 2245. ZARAI, Shahla. Citizenship rights of the prisoners in Iran Islamic Republic. Turan: Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, 3 xi (2011) pp. 34–36. 2246. ZAREI SABZEYAR, Mohamed Reza. L’individualisation de la sanction en droit répressif iranien. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Toulouse, 1985. 522 pp.

Iraq 2247. ALSALIHI, Dia Aldeen. Die Tötungs- und Körperverletzungsdelikte im irakischen Strafrecht. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität zu Köln, 1967. 105 pp. 2248. BURROUGHS, Timothy G. Turning away from Islam in Iraq: a conjecture as to how the new Iraq will treat Muslim apostates. Hofstra Law Review, 37 ii (2008) pp. 517–596. 2249. COSTANTINI, Christopher J. Criminal investigations under the Iraqi Code of Criminal Procedure. Cumberland Law Review, 41 (2010– 2011) pp. 533–568. 2250. GAZNAI, Safaa Aldden. La répression discriminatoire des infractions liées à la sexualité en droit pénal irakien. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. 520 pp. 2251.

Iraq—1994 penal laws and resolutions. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 1 (1994) pp. 533–540.

Islamic State, IS, ISIS, Daesh

235

2252. MATTAR, Mohamed Y. Unresolved questions in the bill of rights of the new Iraqi constitution: how will the clash between “human rights” and “Islamic law” be reconciled in future legislative enactments and judicial interpretations? Fordham International Law Journal, 30 i (2006) pp. 126–157. 2253. WARNOCK, Dan L. The Iraqi criminal justice system, an introduction. Denver Journal of International Law & Policy, 39 (2010) pp. 1–66.

Islamic State, IS, ISIS, Daesh 2254. AHRAM, Ariel. Sexual violence, competitive state building, and Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 13 ii (2019) pp. 180–196. 2255. BADAR, Mohamed Elewa. Islamic militants and their challenges to Sharia and international criminal law. Hart Publishing, 2019. 288 pp. 2256. BUNZEL, Cole. The ISIS files. The Islamic State’s ideology: history of a rift. Washington, DC: The George Washington University, Program on Extremism, 2021. 14 pp. 2257. COOKE, Miriam. Murad vs. ISIS: rape as a weapon of genocide. Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, 15 iii (2019) pp. 261–285. 2258. DAMANHOURY, Kareem el & WINKLER, Carol. Picturing law and order: a visual framing analysis of ISIS’s Dabiq magazine. Arab Media & Society, 25 (2018). 2259. DAWOODY, Ahmed Al-. Non-international armed conflicts under Islamic law: the case of ISIS. Islam and international criminal law and justice. Ed. Tallyn Gray. Brussels: Torkel Opsahl Academic Epublishers 2018, pp. 121–143. 2260. DAWOODY, Ahmed Al-. ISIS and its brutality under Islamic law. Kansai University Review of Law and Politics, 36 (2015) pp. 101–117. 2261.

GRAAF, Beatrice de & YAYLA, Ahmet S. The ISIS files. Policing as rebel governance: the Islamic State police. Washington, DC: The George Washington University, Program on Extremism, 2021. 62 pp.

236

Israel

2262. HADDAD, Gibril Fouad. The incineration of persons in jihad, criminal penalties and reprisals. A critique of ISIS’s argument in light of the sources. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Strategic Studies Institute, 2017. 164 pp. 2263. Judge, jury and executioner. The ISIS bureau of justice and grievances. Washington, DC: Syria Justice and Accountability Centre, 2020. 25 pp. [online]. 2264. LARSSON, Göran. Apostasy and counter-narratives—two sides of the same coin: the example of the Islamic State. Review of Faith & International Affairs, 15 ii (2017) pp. 45–54. 2265. MARCH, Andrew & REVKIN, Mara. Caliphate of Law. ISIS’s ground rules. Foreign Affairs, 25 April, 2015. 2266. PETERS, Rudolph. Violence and the caliphate of Raqqa. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht XII. Ed. Silvia Tellenbach, Thoralf Hanstein. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2017, pp. 11–22. 2267. PROVOST, René. Rebel courts. The administration of justice by armed insurgents. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. 488 pp. [See chapter 2: Legality of rebel courts—Islamic State and Taliban justice.] 2268. REVKIN, Mara. The legal foundations of the Islamic State. Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings, Analysis Paper, 23 (2016) pp. 1–41. 2269. REVKIN, Mara. Does the Islamic State have a “social contract”? Evidence from Iraq and Syria. The University of Gothenburg, The Program on Governance and Local Development, Working Paper, no. 9, 2016. 36 pp. 2270. UDDIN, Ahm Ershad. The fanatical ISIS through the lens of Islamic law. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 12 (2017) pp. 1–14.

Israel 2271.

ABU-RABIA, Aref. Family honor killings: between customs and state law. The Open Psychology Journal, 4 (2011) pp. 34–44.

Israel

237

2272.

ALAFENISH, Salim. Der Stellenwert der Feuerprobe im Gewohnheits­ recht der Beduinen der Negev. Nomadismus—ein Entwicklung­ sproblem? Beiträge zu einem Nomadismus Symposium, veranstaltet in der Gesell­schaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin vom 11. Bis 14. Februar 1982. Ed. Fred Scholz, Jörg Janzen. Abhandlungen des Geographischen Instituts, Anthropogeographie, 33. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1982, pp. 143–158.

2273.

GINAT, Joseph. Blood revenge. Family honor, mediation and outcasting. Brighton, U.K.: Sussex Academic Press, 1997. 228 pp.

2274.

GINAT, Joseph. Blood disputes among Bedouin and rural Arabs in Israel: revenge, mediation, outcasting and family honor. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press/Jerusalem Institute of Israel Studies, 1987.

2275.

GINAT, Joseph. The role of the mediator in disputes among Bedouin and Arab rural societies. Israel Studies in Criminology, 7 (1986) pp. 89–131.

2276. GINAT, Joseph. Blood revenge in Bedouin societies. The changing Bedouin. Ed. Emanuel Marx, Avshalom Shmueli. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction & The Shiloah Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1984, pp. 59–82. 2277.

GINAT, Joseph. Meshamas—the outcast in Bedouin society. Nomadic Peoples, 12 (1983) pp. 26–47.

2278. GINAT, Joseph. Illicit sexual relationships and family honor in Arab society. Israel Studies in Criminology, 5 (1979) pp. 180–202. 2279. KRESSEL, Gideon M. Ascendancy through aggression: the anatomy of a blood feud among urbanized Bedouins. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1996. 194 pp. 2280. KRESSEL, Gideon M. et al. Sororicide/filiacide: homicide for family honour [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 22 ii (1981) pp. 141–158. 2281.

KRENAWI, Alean Al- & GRAHAM, John R. Conflict resolution through a traditional ritual among the Bedouin Arabs of the Negev. Ethnology, 38 ii (1999) pp. 163–174.

238

Jordan

2282. KRENAWI, Alean Al- & GRAHAM, John R. Social work and blood vengeance: the Bedouin-Arab case. British Journal of Social Work, 27 iv (1997) pp. 515–528. 2283. LANG, Sharon. Sulha peacemaking and the politics of persuasion. Journal of Palestine Studies, 31 (2002) pp. 52–66. 2284. PATTON, Walter M. Blood revenge in Arabia and Israel. The American Journal of Theology, 5 iv (1901) pp. 703–731. 2285. TSAFRIR, Nurit. Arab customary law in Israel: ṣulḥa agreements and Israeli courts. Islamic Law and Society, 13 i (2006) pp. 76–98.

Jordan 2286. ABU ANZEH, Mohammed Bara. Le crime d’honneur en droit penal jordanien. Thèse de doctorat en Droit pénal, Université de Lille 2, 2015. 420 pp. 2287. ABU-HASSAN, Mohammad. Tribal reconciliation (el-sulh) in Jordan. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 557–574. 2288. ABU HASSAN, Reem & WELCHMAN, Lynn. Changing the rules? Developments on ‘crimes of honour’ in Jordan. ‘Honour’. Crimes, paradigms, and violence against women. Ed. Lynn Welchman, Sara Hossain. London & New York: Zed Books, 2013, pp. 199–208. 2289. ALQAHTANI, Ghufran. Violence against women in the name of honor: the case of Jordan. Thesis, Doctor of Juridical Science. Washington, DC: American University, 2019. 252 pp. 2290. ARNOLD, Kathryn Christine. Are the perpetrators of honor killings getting away with murder? Article 340 of the Jordanian Penal Code analyzed under the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women. American University International Law Review, 16 v (2001) pp. 1343–1409.

Jordan

2291.

239 CANAAN, Taufiq. Der Mord in Sitten und Gebräuchen bei den Arabern Jordaniens. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, 80 i (1964) pp. 85–98.

2292. FAQIR, Fadia. Intrafamily femicide in defence of honour: the case of Jordan. Third World Quarterly, 22 i (2001) pp. 65–82. 2293. FURR, Ann & SERHAN, Muwafaq Al-. Tribal customary law in Jordan. South Carolina Journal of International Law and Business, 4 ii (2008) pp. 17–34. 2294. GHAZWI, F. Modernization and the traditional system of penal justice in Jordan. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 12 ii (1988) pp. 60–73. 2295. HAMMAD, Suzanne. Gender-based violence: spotlight on ‘crimes of honour’ in Jordan. Civil Society: Democratic Transformation in the Arab World, 7, lxxxiv, (1998) pp. 17–20. 2296. Honoring the killers: justice denied for “honor” crimes in Jordan. Human Rights Watch, 16 i (2004) pp. 1–37. 2297. KARADSHEH, Tala. Honor killings in Jordan: an examination of public discourse. Undergraduate Honors Theses, College of William & Mary, 2010. 64 pp. 2298. NANES, Stefanie Eileen. Fighting honor crimes: evidence of civil society in Jordan. The Middle East Journal, 57 i (2003) pp. 112–129. 2299. NESHWIWAT, Ferris K. Honor crimes in Jordan: their treatment under Islamic and Jordanian criminal laws. Penn State International Law Review, 23 ii (2004) pp. 251–281. 2300. OWEIDI, Ahmad Saleh Suleiman. Bedouin justice in Jordan: the customary legal system of the tribes and its integration into the framework of state polity from 1921 onwards. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge, 1982. 2301.

PERRY, Megan A. & PARKER, Kathryn & MONTGOMERY, Taylor R. An early Islamic homicide at Qasr Hallabat, Jordan. Near Eastern Archeology, 78 iv (2015) pp. 274–284.

240

Kenya

2302. RUANE, Rachel A. Murder in the name of honor: violence against women in Jordan and Pakistan. Emory International Law Review, 14 iii (2000) pp. 1523–1545. 2303. SIDŁO, Katarzyna. “Coming out” or “staying in the closet”— deconversion narratives of Muslim apostates in Jordan. Marburg Journal of Religion, 18 i (2016) pp. 1–35. 2304. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Ehrenmorde an Frauen in der arabischen Welt—Anmerkungen zu Jordanien und anderen Ländern. Wuqûf— Beiträge zur Entwicklung von Staat und Gesellschaft in Nordafrika, 13 (2003) pp. 74–89. 2305. WARRICK, Catherine. The vanishing victim: criminal law and gender in Jordan. University of Massachusetts Law & Society Review, 39 ii (2005) pp. 315–48.

Kenya 2306. MWAKIMAKO, Hassan. The historical development of Muslim courts: the Kadhi, Mudir and Liwali courts and the Civil Procedure Code and Criminal Procedure Ordinance, c. 1963. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 5 ii (2011) pp. 329–343.

Kuwait 2307. ALMANE, Adel. La conception musulmane des peines et le droit koweitien. Thèse de doctorat en Droit pénal et sciences criminelles, Université de Poitiers, 1998. 391 pp. 2308. LONGVA, Anh Nga. The apostasy law in Kuwait and the liberal predicament. Cultural Dynamics, 14 iii (2002), pp. 257–282. 2309. LONGVA, Anh Nga. Apostasy and the liberal predicament. ISIM News­ letter, 8 (2001) pp. 14. 2310.

LONGVA, Anh Nga. Apostasy and the limits of constitutionalism. Midtøsten Forum, 10 i–ii (1996) pp. 30–35.

Libya

241

2311.

MEZHI MEJBEL MEZHI BATHAL ALRASHEDI, Ali. In the context of both international law and the application of Islamic Sharia law, how effective have Kuwait and the Kuwaiti legal system been in addressing, preventing and combating human trafficking? Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kent, 2017.

2312.

RAČIUS, Egdūnas. Limits of application of the šarîʿa in modern Kuwait: the case study of apostasy of Husayn Qambar ʿAlî, a convert from Islam to Christianity. Studia Arabistyczne i Islamistyczne, 7 (1999) pp. 5–21.

2313.

THAKEB, Fahed Al- & SCOTT, Joseph E. Islamic law: an examination of its revitalisation. British Journal of Criminology, Delinquency and Deviant Social Behaviour, 21 i (1981) pp. 58–69.

2314.

THAKEB, Fahed Al- & SCOTT, Joseph E. The revitalization of Islamic penal law: an examination of its opponents. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 5 i (1981) pp. 65–80.

Libya 2315.

AKASH, Shaban. La protection pénale du droit à la vie avant la naissance: entre la loi libyenne et la Charia. Thèse de doctorat en Droit et sciences criminelles, Université de Perpignan 2005. 349 pp.

2316.

ALEM, M. El-. Libya. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 8 (2001–2002) pp. 185–187.

2317.

ALEM, M. El-. Libya. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 7 (2000–2001) pp. 249–253.

2318.

ALEM, M. El-. Libya. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 4 (1997–1998) pp. 289–292.

2319.

ALEM, M. El-. Libya. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 1 (1995) pp. 225–235.

2320. ALGHEITTA, Nasser Faraj. Protecting human rights of the accused in the Libyan criminal justice system. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Aberdeen, 2011. 207 pp.

242 2321.

Libya

ANDERSON, Lisa. Qaddafi’s Islam. Voices of resurgent Islam. Ed. John L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983, pp. 134–149.

2322. ATALLAH, Borham. Le droit penal musulman ressuscité. Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord, 13 (1974) pp. 227–252. 2323.

BENZEER, Ramadan Mohamed. The legal concept of human rights and fundamental freedoms: a comparative study of Islamic and international law with particular reference to the Libyan experience. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Westminster, 2000.

2324. BRUGMAN, J. De islamitische straffen in de Libische wetgeving. Recht van de Islam, 5 (1987) pp. 50–64. 2325. EBERT, H.-G. Zur Anwendung der šarīʿa in Libyen. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 143 (1993) pp. 362–370. 2326. EBERT, Hans-Georg. Zum Gerichtssystem in Libyen. Verfassung und Recht in Übersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, 24 ii (1991), pp. 143–152. 2327. EBERT, H.-G. Gesetz und Gesetzgebung in Libyen. Staat und Recht. Berlin: Staatsverlag der DDR, 38 v (1989), pp. 401–405. 2328. ELMAHJUB, Ezieddin Mustafa. Protection of property in Islamic Shariʿa and the development of the Libyan intellectual property system. Ph.D. dissertation, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. 389 pp. 2329. LAYISH, Aharon. Interplay between tribal and Sharʿī law: a case of Tibbāwī blood money in the Sharīʿa court of Kufra. Islamic Law and Society, 13 i (2006) pp. 63–75. 2330. LAYISH, Aharon. Sharīʿa and custom in Libyan tribal society: an annotated translation of decisions from the Sharīʿa courts of Adjābiya and Kufra. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2005. 351 pp. [See chapter 2, pp. 199–225.] 2331.

Libya—law on the rules of talion (qisas) and criminal compensation (bloodmoney, diyya). Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 1 (1995) pp. 543–544.

Libya

243

2332. MAHMOOD, Tahir. Legal system in modern Libya: enforcement of Islamic penal laws. Criminal law in Islam and Muslim world. Ed. Tahir Mahmood. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 389–421. 2333.

MAHMOOD, Tahir. Legal system in modern Libya—reflorescence of Islamic laws. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 18 iii (1976) pp. 431–454.

2334. MAYER, Anne Elizabeth. In search of sacred law: the meandering course of Qadhafi’s legal policy. Qadhafi’s Libya, 1969–1994. Ed. Dirk Vandewalle. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995, pp. 113–37. 2335. MAYER, Anne Elizabeth. Reinstating Islamic criminal law in Libya. Law and Islam in the Middle East. Ed. D.H. Dwyer. New York: Bergin & Garvey, 1990, pp. 99–114. 2336. MAYER, A.E. Le droit musulman en Libye à l’âge du “Livre Vert”. MagrebMachrek, 13 (1981) pp. 5–22. 2337. MAYER, Anne Elizabeth. Libyan legislation in defense of Arabo-Islamic mores. American Journal of Comparative Law, 28 (1980) pp. 287–312. 2338. MAYER, Anne. A survey of Islamifying trends in Libyan law since 1969. Libyan Studies, 7 (1976) pp. 53–55. 2339. MINGANTI, P. Ricezione di pene ḥadd nella legislazione della Repub­ blica di Libia. Oriente Moderno, 54 iv (1974) pp. 265–274. 2340. PENNELL, C.R. A killing in Tripoli (1843): principle and contingency and personal diplomacy. Libyan Studies/al-Dirāsāt al-Lībīyah, 36 (2005) pp. 59–77. 2341.

RYCX, Jean-François (tr.). Loi no 148 de l’année 1392 H correspondant à l’année 1972 C précisant les peines fixées par la Charia pour le vol et le brigandage. Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord, 11 (1972), pp. 763–768.

2342. WETERING, Wilhelmina Beatrix Stella van de. Wederinvoering van Sharîʿa-strafrecht in Lybië en Egypte. Ph.D. dissertation, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1980. 121 pp.

244

Malaysia

Malaysia 2343. ABDUL HAMID, Ahmad Fauzi. Syariahization of intra-Muslim religious freedom and human rights practice in Malaysia: the case of Darul Arqam. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 38 i (2016) pp. 28–54. 2344. ABDUL HAMID, Ahmad Fauzi. The hudud controversy in Malaysia: religious probity or political expediency? Southeast Asian Affairs, (2015) pp. 205–220. 2345. ABDUL HAMID, Ahmad Fauzi. Implementing Islamic law within a modern constitutional framework: challenges and problems in contemporary Malaysia. Islamic Studies, 48 ii (2009) pp. 157–187. 2346. ABDULLAH, Ahmad Termizi Bin. The implementation of Islamic criminal law in Malaysia: challenges and prospects. Master of Comparative Laws thesis, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2005. 251 pp. 2347. AB HAMID, Zuraini & MOKHTAR, Khairil Azmin bin. Human trafficking: the international, Malaysian legal framework and Shariah perspectives. IIUM Law Journal, 21 ii (2013) pp. 287–307. 2348. ADIL, Mohamad Azam Mohamed. The application of Sharīʿah principles on taʿzīr in Malaysian common law: a maqāṣid-based proposal. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 7 i (2016) pp. 47–64. 2349. ADIL, Mohamad Azam Mohamed. Syariah Criminal Code (II) Enact­ ment 1993 Amendment 2015: Can Kelantan enforce hudud? Islam & Civilisational Renewal, 7 iv (2016) pp. 548–551. 2350. ADIL, Mohamad Azam Mohamed & AHMAD, Nisar Mohammad. Islamic law and human rights in Malaysia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 5 i (2014) pp. 43–67. 2351.

ADIL, Mohamed Azam Mohamed. Law of apostasy and freedom of religion in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 2 i (2007) pp. 1–36.

2352. ADIL, Mohamad Azam Mohamed. Restrictions in freedom of religion in Malaysia: a conceptual analysis with special reference to the law of apostasy. Muslim World Journal of Human Rights, 4 ii (2007) pp. 1–24.

Malaysia

245

2353. AHMAD, Nehaluddin. Freedom of religion and apostasy: the Malaysian experience. Human Rights Quarterly, 38 iii (2016) pp. 736–753. 2354. AKRAM, Mohammad & AWANG, Abdul Rahman. Pre-trial rights of the accused: an approach under Malaysian and Islamic criminal justice systems. Islamic law. Ed. Abdul Haseeb Ansari. New Delhi: Serials Publications, 2007, pp. 79–91. 2355. ALKALI, Alhaji Umar & ALHAJI, Kamal. The effects of colonialism on shariah: the Malacca and Sokoto experiences. Shariah Journal, 23 i (2015) pp. 167–188. 2356. ALSAGOFF, Ahmad S.A. Syed. Al-diyah as compensation for homicide and wounding in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: International Islamic University Malaysia, 2006. 436 pp. 2357.

ANWAR, Zainah. State intervention in personal faith: the case of Malaysia. Multiethnic Malaysia: past, present, and future. Ed. Lim Teck Ghee, Alberto Gomes, Azly Rahman. Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya: Malaysian Institute of Development and Asian Studies, Strategic Information and Research Development Centre, 2009, pp. 253–264.

2358. ANWAR, Zainah. Islamisation and its impact on laws and the law making process in Malaysia. Warning signs of fundamentalisms. Ed. Ayesha Imam, Jenny Morgan, Nira Yuval-Davis. London: Women living under Muslim laws (WLUML), 2004, pp. 71–77. 2359. AZHAR, Alias. Sharīʿah criminal law enforcement in hisbah framework: practice in Malaysia. Intellectual Discourse, 28 i (2020) pp. 149–170. 2360. AZIZ, Shamrahayu A. The continuing debate on the death penalty: an exposition of international instrument, Malaysian and the Sharīʿah perspectives. IIUM Law Journal, 23 i (2015) pp. 61–84. 2361.

AZIZ, Shamrahayu A. Islamic criminal law in the Malaysian federal structure: a constitutional perspective. IIUM Law Journal, 15 i (2007) pp. 101–120.

2362. AZMI, Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani. Intellectual property rights, globalization and Islam: the Malaysian perspective. IIUM Law Journal, 12 i (2004) pp. 53–72.

246

Malaysia

2363. BAIG, Farheen Baig binti Sardar. Islamic criminal law and its application in Malaysia: a general study. Thesis, International Islamic University Malaysia, 1994. 186 pp. 2364. BAKTI, Nik Shazarina. The politicisation of Islam: understanding hudud and Shariah in the Malaysian context. Master of Law dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2015. 2365. BALOGUN, S.U. The status of Shariʿah in Malaysia. Hamdard Islamicus 20 ii (1997) pp. 51–58. 2366. DANIELS, Timothy P. Living sharia. Law and practice in Malaysia. Seattle, WA & London: University of Washington Press, 2017. 280 pp. 2367. DANIELS, Timothy P. Interplay of Sharia projects: between Ketuanan Melayu, Islam, and liberal rights in Malaysia. Sharia Dynamics. Islamic law and sociopolitical processes. Ed. Timothy P. Dmaniels. London etc.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 141–168. 2368. DORLOH, Sulaiman. Criminal responsibility: mental element. A comparative study of English common law, Malaysian law and Islamic criminal law. Master of Comparative Law thesis. Petaling Jaya: International Islamic University Malaysia, 1995. 211 pp. 2369. FARRAR, Salim. Crime and criminal justice in Malaysia. Handbook of Asian Criminology. Ed. Jianhong Liu, Bill Hebenton, Susyan Jou. New York: Springer, 2013, pp. 231–246. 2370. FARUQI, Shad Saleem. The Malaysian constitution, the Islamic state and hudud laws. Islam in Southeast Asia: political, social and strategic challenges for the 21st century. Ed. K.S. Nathan, Mohammad Hashim Kamali. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005, pp. 256–277. 2371.

HAMAYOTSU, Kikue. Once a Muslim, always a Muslim: the politics of state enforcement of Syariah in contemporary Malaysia. South East Asia Research, 20 iii (2012) pp. 399–421.

2372.

HANEEF, Sayed Sikandar Shah. Discourse on hudud in Malaysia: addressing the missing dimension. Journal of Islamic Law and Culture, 12 ii (2010) pp. 131–144.

Malaysia

247

2373.

HARDING, Andrew. Sharia and national law in Malaysia. Sharia incorporated. A comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim countries in past and present. Ed. Jan Michiel Otto. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010, pp. 491–528.

2374.

HARDING, Andrew. The Keris, the crescent and the blind goddess: the state, Islam and the constitution in Malaysia. Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law, 6 (2002) pp 154–180.

2375.

HARDING, Andrew. Islamic law in Malaysia. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 2 (1995) pp. 61–72.

2376. HASHIM, Ashraf Md. Rights of suspect and accused under Islamic and Malaysian law. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: International Law Book Services, 2004. 177 pp. 2377. HASHIM, Ashraf Md. The rights of the suspect and the accused under Islamic law and Malaysian law. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Birmingham, 1999. 2378. HASSAN, Ismail Mohd Abu. The theory of evidence in the Islamic juristic tradition and in the law of Malaysia: a comparison. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Manchester, 1997. 379 pp. 2379. HASSAN, Syarifah Zaleha Syed. Towards a syariah-based society: religious rationalization and the development of the Islamic legal order in Malaysia. Jurnal Antropologi Dan Sociologi, 18 (1990) pp. 1–53. 2380. HAZRI, Tengku Ahmad. Shariah offences and fundamental liberties in Malaysia. Islam & Civilisational Renewal, 6 iv (2015) pp. 572–575. 2381.

HOOKER, M. Barry. Submission to Allah? The Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code (II) 1993. Malaysia: Islam, society and politics. Ed. Virginia Hooker, Norani Othman. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS), 2003, pp. 80–101.

2382. HUI, Tan Beng. Sexual offences in Malaysia: the role and impact of syariah criminal offences laws. The future of Asian feminisms: confronting fundamentalisms, conflicts and neo-liberalism. Ed. Nursyahbani Katjasungkana, Saskia E. Wieringa. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012, pp. 348–377.

248

Malaysia

2383. HUI, Tan Beng. Sexuality, Islam and politics in Malaysia: a study of the shifting strategies of regulation. Ph.D. dissertation, National University of Singapore, 2012. 262 pp. 2384. HUI, Tan Beng. One step forward, two steps back? Conundrums of the rape legal reform campaign in Malaysia. Gender, Technology and Development, 11 i (2007) pp. 53–74. 2385. HUNG, Helen Ting Mu. The politics of hudud law implementation in Malaysia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Working Paper Series, 4 (2016) pp. 1–17. 2386. HUSIN, Wan Norhasniah Wan. Death penalty to drug traffickers from the perspective of siyāsah syarʿiyyah. Ar-Raniry, 3 i (2016) pp. 45–66. 2387. HUSSIN, Nasimah & ZAWAWI, Majdah & MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. Should fines also benefit victims? An evaluation of fines as a form of punishment in Malaysia with special reference to Islamic law. Intellectual Discourse, 25 i (2017) pp. 187–202. 2388. HUSSIN, Nasimah & MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. Wife battering from an Islamic perspective and Malaysian legal provisions. IIUM Law Journal, 16 ii (2008) pp. 203–221. 2389. HUSSIN, Nasimah. Discretionary punishment in Islamic law with special reference to the Shariʿah courts of Malaysia. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Edinburgh, 1997. 291 pp. 2390. IBRAHIM, Ahmad Basri Bin. Kidnapping and hostage-taking in Malaysian law and Islamic law: a comparative study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Birmingham, 2005. 258 pp. 2391.

IBRAHIM, Ahmad. Suitability of the Islamic punishments in Malaysia. IIUM Law Journal, 3 i (1993) pp. 1–15.

2392. IMAM, Mohammed. Islamic criminal law in Malaysia: federal-state jurisdictional conflict. Current Law Journal, 1 (1994) pp. 23–32. 2393. Islamic Law—jurisdiction—syariah court—offence of “liwat” under Syariah Criminal Offences (Federal Territories) Act 1997—offence of

Malaysia

249

“gross indecency” under Penal Code—whether jurisdiction of sessions court ousted (Malaysia). Commonwealth Law Bulletin, 25 i (1999), pp. 216–218. 2394. ISMAIL, Rose. Hudud in Malaysia: the issues at stake. Kuala Lumpur: SIS Forum (Malaysia), 1995. 210 pp. 2395. ISMAIL, Siti Zubaidah & MAT, Muhamad Zahiri Awang. Faith and freedom: the Qur’anic notion of freedom of religion vs. the act of changing religion and thoughts on the implications for Malaysia. Religions, 7/88 (2016) pp. 1–18. 2396. ISMAIL, Siti Zubaidah. The legal perspective of khalwat (close proximity) as a Shariah criminal offence in Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 24 iii (2016) pp. 905–917. 2397. ISMAIL, Siti Zubaidah. At the foot of the Sultan: The dynamic application of Shariah in Malaysia. Electronic Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 3 (2015) pp. 69–81. 2398. ISMAIL, Siti Zubaidah. Constructing some possibilities for compensation as part of legal remedies for rape survivors: the case of Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 26 iii (2011) pp. 176–184. 2399. JALIL, Faridah. Searching for the benchmark in the administration of Islamic criminal law: Malaysia experience. Social Science Research Network, 2015. 9 pp. [online]. 2400. JONED, Ahilemah. The trial of adultery cases in Malaysia. Third World Legal Studies, 6 (1987) pp. 55–91. 2401.

KADER, Akberdin bin Haji Abdul. The scope and extent of section 425 of the Criminal Procedure Code and the corresponding law under the Islamic criminal procedure: a comparative analysis. M.A. thesis, International Islamic University Malaysia, 1994. 95 pp.

2402. KALLIL, Mohamad Khairudin bin. Mitigating and aggravating factors in Islamic criminal justice and Malaysian criminal justice. M.A. thesis, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2005. 131 pp.

250

Malaysia

2403. KAMAL, Mohd. Hisham Mohd. Human rights perspectives on issues in the implementation of Islamic criminal law in Malaysia. PETITA, 4 i (2019) pp. 67–74. 2404. KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Principles and philosophy of punishment in Islamic law with special reference to Malaysia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 10 i (2019) pp. 9–20. 2405. KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Punishment in Islamic law: an enquiry into the Hudud Bill of Kelantan. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Ilmiah Publisher, 2000. 178 pp. 2406. KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Islamic law in Malaysia. Issues and developments. Kuala Lumpur: Ilmiah Publishers, 2000. 345 pp. 2407. KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Punishment in Islamic law: a critique of the Hudud Bill of Kelantan, Malaysia. Arab Law Quarterly, 13 iii (1998) pp. 203–234. 2408. KAMALI, Mohammad Hashim. Islamic law in Malaysia: issues and developments. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 4 (1997– 1998) pp. 153–179. 2409. KAMARUDDIN, Zaleha. Strict liability in criminal law: a comparative approach. Kuala Lumpur: Nurin Enterprise, 1988. 126 pp. 2410.

KRISHNAN, Ravindhran Kutty. A critical study on the role of Islamic criminal law and deterrence of crimes in Malaysia. M.A. thesis, Faculty of Law, University of Malaya, 2009. 115 pp.

2411.

LEMIÈRE, Sophie. Conversion and controversy: reshaping the boundaries of Malaysian pluralism. Proselytizing and the limits of religious pluralism in contemporary Asia. Ed. Juliana Finucane, R. Michael Feener. Singapore: Springer, 2014, pp. 41–64.

2412.

LEMIÈRE, Sophie. Apostasy & Islamic civil society in Malaysia. ISIM Review: International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World, 20 (2007) pp. 46–47.

Malaysia

251

2413.

Malaysia. Policing belief. The impact of blasphemy laws on human rights. A Freedom House Special Report. Washington, DC: Freedom House, 2010, pp. 57–67.

2414.

Malaysia. Syariah Criminal Offences (Federal Territories) Act (Laws of Malaysia Act 559, 1997). Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 4 (1997–1998) pp. 571–580.

2415.

MANSOR, Wan Naim Wan. RUU 355 from an Islamic perspective: improve legal safeguards in tandem with higher punishments. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 8 iv (2017) pp. 543–546.

2416.

MARICAN, Pawancheek & ADIL, Mohamed Azam Mohamed. Apostasy and freedom of religion in Malaysia: constitutional implications. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 11 (2007) pp. 169–203.

2417.

MEHAT, Hashim bin. Malaysian law and Islamic law on sentencing. Kuala Lumpur: International Law Book Series, 1991. 367 pp.

2418.

MOHAMAD, Maznah. The ascendance of bureaucratic Islam and the secularization of the Sharia in Malaysia. Pacific Affairs, 83 iii (2010) pp. 505–524.

2419.

MOHAMAD, Tun Abdul Hamid. Implementation of the Islamic criminal law in Malaysia: prospects and challenges. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 6 ii (2015) pp. 166–174.

2420. MOHAMED ADIL, Mohamed Azam. The Malaysian state and freedom of religion: a conceptual analysis with particular reference to law of apostasy. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2006. 343 pp. 2421.

MUHAMED, Ashgar Ali Ali. Crime against maids: an evaluation of Shariʿah and civil law punishment. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2 vii (2011) pp. 89–102.

2422. MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. The administration of Islamic justice: position and jurisdiction of syariah court in Malaysia. International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, 8 iv (2020) pp. 43–64.

252

Malaysia

2423. MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan & ABDUL SALAM, Khairunnasriah. The concept of retributive and restorative justice in Islamic criminal law with reference to the Malaysian Syariah court. Journal of Law and Judicial System, 1 iv (2018) pp. 8–16. 2424. MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. Counseling the apostates in Selangor: an overview. Malaysian Online Journal of Counseling, 3 i (2016) pp. 1–13. 2425. MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. Khalwat as a moral crime in Malaysia: issues and realities. Journal of Islam, Law and Judiciary, 1 ii (2015) pp. 1–25. 2426. MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. The administration of Syariah Courts in Malaysia, 1957–2009. Journal of Islamic Law and Culture, 13 ii–iii (2011) pp. 242–252. 2427. MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. The theory and practice of ṣulḥ (mediation) in the Malaysian Shariah courts. IIUM Law Journal, 16 i (2008) pp. 33–50. 2428. NAZERI, Norbani Mohamed. Criminal law codification and reform in Malaysia: an overview. Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, (2010) pp. 375–399. 2429. NOOR, Nor Adila & ARIPIN, Mohd Ashraf & JUSOFF, Kamaruzaman. The detrimental crime of abortion: a comparative study between Malaysian law and common law. Journal of Law and Conflict Resolution, 2 iii (2010) pp. 46–52. 2430. PELETZ, Michael G. Sharia transformations. Cultural politics and the rebranding of an Islamic judiciary. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2020. 308 pp. 2431.

PELETZ, Michael G. & HEFNER, Robert W. Syariah, Inc.: continuities, transformations, and cultural politics in Malaysia’s Islamic judiciary. Shariʿa law and modern Muslim ethics. Ed. Robert Hefner. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2016, pp. 229–259.

2432. RAMLEE, Zulfakar. The role of al-qarinah (circumstantial evidence) in Islamic law of evidence: a study of the law in Malaysia, with reference to the rules and principles of English law. Ph.D. dissertation, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1997. 307 pp.

Malaysia

253

2433. SAIDIN, Amilia. The position and role of Malay rulers in the Syariah criminal justice system in Malaysia. Advanced Science Letters, 23 ix (2017) pp. 8782–8787. 2434. SALIM, Wan Noraini binti Mohd. The effects of apostasy on the entitlement to property upon death: the Malaysian position. IIUM Law Journal, 24 ii (2016) pp. 359–375. 2435. SAMURI, Mohd Al Adib & QURAISHI, Muzammil. Negotiating apostasy: applying to “leave Islam” in Malaysia. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 25 iv (2014) pp. 507–523. 2436. SARKAWI, Azila Ahmad & IBRAHIM, Ahmad Basri & ABDULLA, Alias. The contribution of fiqh al-jinayat (Islamic criminal law) in the planning of a safe city. Planning Malaysia. Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners, 6 i (2016) pp. 19–38. 2437. SEDA-POULIN, Maria Luisa. Islamizzazione e riforme legislative in Malaysia: la controversia sulle pene ḥudūd. Dibattito sull’applicazione della Shariʿa. Turin: Edizioni della Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli, 1995, pp. 103–124. 2438. SEDA-POULIN, Maria Luisa. Islamization and legal reform in Malaysia: the hudud controversy of 1992. Southeast Asian Affairs, (1993) pp. 224–242. 2439. Selangor Syariah enactments 1991: as at 15th August 1999. Kuala Lumpur: International Law Book Series, 1999. 340 pp. 2440. SHAH, Dian Abdul Hamed & SANI, Mohammed Azizuddin Mohammed. Freedom of religion in Malaysia: a tangled web of legal, political, and social issues. North Carolina Journal of International Law & Commercial Regulation, 36 (2011) pp. 647–688. 2441.

SHAMRAHAYU, Abd Aziz. Issues on enforcement of Islamic criminal law in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Malik Teraju Ria Publisher, 2011. 108 pp.

2442. SHAMRAHAYU, A. Aziz. Criminal procedure in the Syariah courts. Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: Thomson Reuters, 2011. 197 pp.

254

Malaysia

2443. SHAMRAHAYU, A. Aziz. Islamic criminal law in the Malaysian federal structure: a constitutional perspective. IIUM Law Journal, 15 i (2007) pp. 101–120. 2444. SHARIFAH, Suhana Syed Agmad. Malaysian legal system. Dayton, OH: LexisNexis, 2007. 234 pp. 2445. SHARIFF, Ahmad Azam Mohd. Investigation procedures in syariah criminal cases: challenges faced by Malaysian syariah enforcement officers in exercise of their arrest power. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5 xxiii (2014) pp. 471–479. 2446. SHUAIB, Farid Sufian. Administration of Islamic law and human rights: the basis and its trajectory in Malaysia. Al-Jāmiʿah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 56 ii (2018) pp. 281–304. 2447. SHUAIB, Farid S. The Islamic legal system in Malaysia. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 21 i (2012) pp. 85–113. 2448. SOBOTKOVÁ, Veronika. The major trends of Islam in contemporary Malaysia and their influence on the form of Islamic family and penal law. Archiv Orientálni: Quarterly Journal of African and Asian Studies, 80 iii (2012) pp. 389–416. 2449. STEINER, Kerstin. Malaysia at the crossroads? The never-ending discourse between Islam, law, and politics. Journal of Religious and Political Practice, 4 iii (2018) pp. 256–277. 2450. STIVENS, Maila. Gender, Sharia, and the politics of punishment: a contemporary Malaysian case. Asian Muslim women: globalization and local realities. Ed. Huma Ahmed-Ghosh. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2015, pp. 127–159. 2451.

Syariah Criminal Code (II) Act 1993 [State of Kelantan]: arrangement of clauses: preliminary. Islamic Studies, 33 i (1994) pp. 101–132.

2452. TAJUDDIN, Hanifah Haydar Ali & HUSSIN, Nasimah & ZAWAWI, Majdah. Restorative justice in Islamic law: application in Malaysian legal history and the criminal justice system. Research handbook on Islamic law and society. Ed. Nadirsyah Hosen. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, pp. 250–272.

Maldives

255

2453. WILLIAMS, Walter L. Islam and the politics of homophobia: the persecution of homosexuals in Islamic Malaysia compared to secular China. Islam and homosexuality. Ed. Samar Habib. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2010, vol. 1, pp. 1–22. 2454. YUSOP, Husna. Core issues in choice of religion: an interview with Shariah Lawyers Association president Muhamad Burok. St Francis Magazine, 2 iv (2006).

Maldives 2455. LADISI, Alessandro. Mondo islamico, disciplina giuridica del fenomeno religioso e foreign fighters: il caso della Repubblica delle Maldive. Corso di laurea Magistrale in politica internazionale e diplomazia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 2017/18. 173 pp. 2456. MUHAMMAD, Ramizah Wan. Imprisonment as a form of punishment: a case study of Maldives. Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities, 4 iv (2018) pp. 1–8. 2457. NAʿIM, Abdullahi Ahmed An-. A brief comment on the Maldives Penal Code project: failure to take shariʿa seriously, not “codifying” it. Journal of Comparative Law, 2 i (2007) pp. 54–60. 2458. ROBINSON, Paul H. et al. Codifying Shariʿa: international norms, legality and the freedom to invent new forms. Journal of Comparative Law, 2 i (2007) pp. 1–53. 2459. ROBINSON, Paul H. & ZULFIQAR, Adnan A. Of neocolonialism, common law and uncodifiable Shariʿa: a reply to professor An-Naʿim. Journal of Comparative Law, 2 i (2007) pp. 61–68. 2460. ROBINSON, Paul H. & Criminal Law Research Group—University of Pennsylvania. Final report of the Maldivian Penal Law & Sentencing Codification Project: text of draft code (volume 1) and official commentary (volume 2). University of Pennsylvania Law School, Public Research Paper, No. 09-38, 2006. 434 pp.

256 2461.

Mali

SIDDIQUI, Sohaira Z.M. The paradoxes of codifying Islamic criminal law in the Maldives. Middle East Law and Governance, 9 (2017) pp. 174–198.

2462. SUOOD, Husnu Al. The Maldivian legal system. Malé, Maldives: Maldives Law Institute, 2014. 243 pp.

Mali 2463. LYDON, Ghislaine. Inventions and reinventions of Sharia in African history and the recent experiences of Nigeria, Somalia and Mali. Ufahamu, 40 i (2018) pp. 67–107. 2464. THURSTON, Alex. Towards an “Islamic republic of Mali?” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 37 ii (2013) pp. 45–66.

Mamluks 2465. ʿABD AR-RAZIQ, Ahmad. Les Muhtasibs de Fostāt au temps des Mamlūks. Arab Historian/Al-Muʾarrikh al-ʿArabī, 11 (1979) pp. 7–30. 2466. ʿABD AR-RAZIQ, Ahmad. La ḥisba et le muḥtasib en Égypte au temps des Mamlūks. Annales Islamologiques/Ḥawlīyāt Islāmīyah, 13 (1977) pp. 115–178. 2467. BERKEY, Jonathan. Mamluk religious policy. Mamluk Studies Review, 13 ii (2009) pp. 7–22. 2468. BRINNER, William M. The murder of Ibn an-Našū: social tensions in fourteenth-century Damascus. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 77 (1957) pp. 207–210. 2469. ESCOVITZ, Joseph H. The office of qāḍī al-quḍāt in Cairo under the Baḥrī Mamlūks. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 1984. 280 pp. 2470. ESPÉRONNIER, M. La mort violente à l’époque mamlouke: Le crime et le châtiment: Les temoignages de Maqrizi et d’Ibn Iyas. Der Islam 74 i (1997) pp. 137–155.

Mamluks

2471.

257

FUESS, Albrecht. Ẓulm by maẓālim? The political implications of the use of the maẓālim jurisdiction by the Mamluk sultans. Mamlūk Studies Review, 13 (2009) pp. 121–147.

2472. IBRAHIM, Mahmood. Crime and punishment in Mamluk Damascus. Osmanlı Araştırmaları. Journal of Ottoman Studies, 36 (2010) pp. 13–33. 2473. JACQUES, R. Kevin. Murder in Damascus: the consequences of competition among medieval Muslim religious elites. Mamlūk Studies Review, 18 (2014–2015) pp. 149–185. 2474. KILANY OMAR, Hanaa H. Apostasy in the Mamluk period: the politics of accusations of unbelief. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 2001. 386 pp. 2475. LANGE, Christian. Ḥisba and the problem of overlapping jurisdictions: an introduction to, and translation of, ḥisba diplomas in Qalqashandī’s Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā. Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review, 7 (2006) pp. 85–107. 2476. LEITHY, Tamer El-. Public punishment in Mamluk society. M.Phil. thesis, Cambridge University, 1997. 43 pp. 2477. LEVANONI, Amalia. Takfīr in Egypt and Syria during the Mamlūk period. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016, pp. 155–188. 2478. MARTEL-THOUMIAN, Bernadette. Délinquance et ordre social: L’état mamlouk syro-égyptien face au crime à la fin du IXe–XV e siècle. Bordeaux: Ausonius Editions, 2012. 393 pp. 2479. MARTEL-THOUMIAN, Bernadette. Pouvoir et justice sous les derniers sultans circassiens (872–922/1468–1516). Continuity and change in the realms of Islam: Studies in honour of professor Urbain Vermeulen. Ed. K. D’Hulster, J. Van Steenbergen. Leuven: Peeters, 2008, pp. 451–467.

258

Mamluks

2480. MARTEL-THOUMIAN, Bernadette. De l’équité à l’arbitraire: état des prisons et des prisonniers sous les derniers Mamlouks (872– 923/1468–1517). Annales Islamologiques/Ḥawliyāt Islāmīyah, 40 (2006) pp. 205–246. 2481.

MARTEL-THOUMIAN, Bernadette. Plaisirs illicites et châtiments dans les sources mamloukes, fin IXe/XVe–début Xe/XVIe siècle. Annales Islamologiques/Ḥawliyāt Islāmīyah, 39 (2005) pp. 275–323.

2482. MARTEL-THOUMIAN, Bernadette. Voleurs et assassins à Damas et au Caire (fin IXe/XVe–début Xe/XVIe siècle). Annales Islamologiques/ Ḥawliyāt Islāmīyah, 35 (2001) pp. 193–240. 2483. MÜLLER, Christian. Crimes without criminals? Legal documents on fourteenth-century injury and homicide cases from the Haram collection in Jerusalem. Legal documents as sources for the history of Muslim societies. Studies in honour of Rudolph Peters. Ed. Maaike van Berkel, Léon Buskens, Petra M. Sijpestein. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2017, pp. 129–179. 2484. MÜLLER, Christian. Mamluk law: a reassessment. Ubi sumus? Quo vademus? Mamluk studies, state of the art. Ed. Stephan Conermann. Göttingen: V&R unipress, Bonn University Press, 2013, pp. 264–283. 2485. MURRAY, Stephen O. Male homosexuality, inheritance rules, and the status of women in medieval Egypt: the case of the Mamlūks. Islamic homosexualities: culture, history, and literature. Ed. Stephen O. Murray & Will Roscoe, with additional contributions by Eric Allyn et al. New York: New York University Press, 1997, pp. 161–173. 2486. NIELSEN, Jørgen S. Secular justice in an Islamic state: maẓālim under the Bahrī Mamlūks 662/1264–789/1387. Istanbul: Nederlands HistorischArchaeologisch Instituut & Leiden: Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 1985. 227 pp. 2487. NIELSEN, Jørgen S. Maẓālim and Dār al-ʿAdl under the early Mamluks. The Muslim World, 66 ii (1976) pp. 114–132. [Republished in Islamic political thought and governance. Vol. III: Muslim Society. Ed. Abdullah Saeed. London & New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 346–360.]

Mamluks

259

2488. PETRY, Carl. Already rich? Yet ‘greed deranged him’. Elite status and criminal complicity in the Mamluk Sultanate. Developing perspectives in Mamluk history: essays in honor of Amalia Levanoni. Ed. Yuval Ben-Bassat. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2017, pp. 3–15. 2489. PETRY, Carl F. The criminal underworld in a medieval Islamic society: narratives from Cairo and Damascus under the Mamluks. Chicago: Middle East Documentation Center, University of Chicago, 2013. 373 pp. 2490. PETRY, Carl. The politics of insult: the Mamluk sultanate’s response to criminal affronts. Mamlūk Studies Review, 15 (2011) pp. 87–115. 2491.

PETRY, Carl. Crime in Mamluk historiography: a fraud case depicted by Ibn Taghrībirdī. Mamlūk Studies Review, 10 ii (2006) pp. 141–151.

2492. PETRY, Carl. The hoax of the miraculous speaking wall: criminal investigation in Mamluk Cairo. Mamluks and Ottomans: studies in honour of Michael Winter. Ed. David J. Wasserstein, Ami Ayalon. London: Routledge, 2006, pp. 86–95. 2493. PETRY, Carl. Al-Maqrizi’s discussion of imprisonment and description of jails in the Khitat. Mamlūk Studies Review, 7 ii (2003) pp. 137–143. 2494. PETRY, Carl. Disruptive ‘others’ as depicted in chronicles of the late Mamluk period. The historiography of Islamic Egypt (c. 950–1800). Ed. Hugh Kennedy. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2001, pp. 167–194. 2495. PETRY, Carl. “Quis custodiet custodes?” revisited: the prosecution of crime in the late Mamluk sultanate. Mamlūk Studies Review, 3 (1999) pp. 13–30. 2496. RAPOPORT, Yossef. Royal justice and religious law: siyāsa and Shariʿah under the Mamluks. Mamlūk Studies Review, 16 (2012) pp. 71–102. 2497. RASHAD, Menna. Maẓālim between politics and justice under the Mamluks. M.A. thesis, The American University in Cairo, 2021. 104 pp. 2498. RICHARDS, D.S. The qasāma in Mamlūk society: some documents from the Ḥaram collection in Jerusalem. Annales Islamologiques/ Ḥawliyāt Islāmīyah, 25 (1991) pp. 245–284.

260

Mauritania

2499. STILT, Kristen. Islamic law in action. Authority, discretion, and everyday experiences in Mamluk Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. 238 pp. 2500. WIEDERHOLD, Lutz. Blasphemy against the Prophet Muḥammad and his companions (sabb al-rasūl, sabb al-ṣaḥābah): the introduction of the topic into Shāfiʿī legal literature and its relevance for legal practice under Mamluk rule. Journal of Semitic Studies, 42 i (1997) pp. 39–70.

Mauritania 2501.

ABDELWEDOUD, Mohamed Yahya O. Le système judiciaire mauritanien après l’indépendance. Revue juridique et politique: indépendance et coopération, 55 i (2001) pp. 88–96.

2502. ALONSO CABRÉ, Marta. Responsabilidad compartida: el rol de la composición de la diya en la resolución juridical de los accidentes de circulación en la Mauritania contemporánea. Ph.D. dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. 444 pp. 2503. BA, Ngary. Le système judiciaire mauritanien: unité de jurisdiction et dualité de régimes. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé et sciences crimi­ nelles, Université de Perpignan, 2007. 276 pp. 2504. CLAUSEN, Ursel. Islam und nationale Religionspolitik: Das Fallbeispiel Mauretanien. Hamburg: Deutsches Orient-Institut, Januar 2005. 22 pp. 2505. DIOP, Boubacar. La reforme de la justice et la protection des droits de l’homme en Mauritanie. Master 2 Droit, Université du Havre, 2007. [online]. 2506. FALL, Moctar. La sanction pénale islamique en droit mauritanien. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université de Perpignan, 1997. 539 pp. 2507. FORTIER, Corinne. L’interdit du vin en islam ou l’ivresse dévirilisatrice: l’usage licite des plaisirs dans la société maure. Qu’est-ce qu’une drogue. Ed. Howard S. Becker. Paris: Atlantica, 2001, pp. 33–58.

Mauritania

261

2508. GAYE, Soukeina. L’évolution et la protection des droits de l’enfant en Mauritanie. Diplôme d’études approfondies, Université de Perpignan, 2007. [online]. 2509. HAMÈS, Constant. Le rôle de l’Islam dans la société mauritanienne contemporaine. Politique Africaine, 55 (1994) pp. 46–51. 2510.

LERICHE, A. Des châtiments prévus par la loi musulmane et de leur application en Mauretanie. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire. Series B 19 (1959) pp. 446–463.

2511.

MARCHESIN, P. Juge moderne et droit musulman: le cas de la Mauritanie. Afrique Contemporaine, 156 (1990) pp. 261–266.

2512.

Ordonnance 83–162 du 09 juillet 1983 portant institution d’un code pénal. Journal Officiel de la République Islamique de Mauritanie, 608– 609 (1984). 93 pp.

2513.

Ordonnance 83–163 du 09 juillet 1983 instituant un code de procédure pénal. Journal Officiel de la République Islamique de Mauritanie, 610 (1984). 114 pp.

2514.

OULD BOUBOUTT, Ahmed Salem. Islam et droits de l’homme dans la constitution mauritanienne du 20 juillet 1991. Islam et droits de l’homme. Ed. Gérard Conac, Abdelfattah Amor. Paris: Économica, 1994, pp. 84–94.

2515.

SERGE, Zelezeck Nguimatsa. Researching the legal system and laws of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. New York: New York University, Hauser Global Law School Program, 2009. [online].

2516.

SIDIYA, Mohamed Ahmed Cheikh. Le statut pénal du mineur mauritanien en droit comparé. Thèse de doctorat en Droit privé, Université de Perpignan, 2013. 293 pp.

2517.

VÖCKING, P. Hans. Religionsfreiheit: Mauretanien. Aachen: Inter­ nationales Katholisches Missionswerk missio e.V., Länderberichte Religionsfreiheit, 32 (2016). 36 pp.

262

Mongols, Ilkhans

Mongols, Ilkhans 2518.

HEULLANT-DONAT, Isabelle. Les risques de l’évangélisation. Sur quel­ ques figures nouvelles de l’apostasie au XIVe siècle. Chrétiens, juifs et musulmans dans la Méditerranée médiévale. Études en hommage à Henri Bresc réunies par Benoît Grévin, Annliese Nef et Emanuelle Tixier. Paris: De Boccard, 2008, pp. 133–148.

2519.

HODOUS, Florence. Faith and the law: religious beliefs and death penalty in the Ilkhanate. The Mongol’s Middle East: continuity and transformation in Ilkhanid Iran. Ed. Bruno de Nicola, Charles Melville. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016, pp. 106–129.

2520. LAMBTON, A.K. Changing concepts of justice and injustice from the 5th/11th century to the 8th/14th century in Persia: the Saljuq empire and the Ilkhanate. Studia Islamica, 68 (1988), pp. 27–60.

Morocco 2521.

AMZAZI, M. Islam et droit pénal au Maroc. Archives de politique criminelle, 9 (1987) pp. 251 ff.

2522. ARIN, F. Le talion et le prix du sang chez les Berbères marocains. Archives Berbères, 1 ii (1915) pp. 62–87. 2523. BERQUE, Jacques. Quelques documents sur le droit répressif ancient du Haut-Atlas. Revue Algérienne, 1–2 (1953) pp. 1–8. 2524. DEVIF, Michèle Zirari. La formation du système penal marocain. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université de Nice, 1989. 404 pp. 2525. FRANCESCHI, Fabio. Libertà di religione e libertà dalla religione in Marocco: la revisione interpretativa sull’apostasia. Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 37 (2017) pp. 1–30. [online]. 2526. HART, David M. The penal code in the customary law of the Swasa of the Moroccan Western Atlas and Anti-Atlas. The Journal of North African Studies, 3 (1998) pp. 55–67.

Morocco

263

2527. HART, David M. Murder in the market: penal aspects of Berber customary law in the precolonial Moroccan Rif. Islamic Law and Society, 3 (1996) pp. 343–371. 2528. JACQUES-MEUNIE, Djinn. Le prix du sang chez les Berbères de l’Atlas. Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres de l’Institut de France, 15 ii (1967) pp. 237–349. 2529. MICHAUX-BELLAIRE, Édouard. Au Maroc—Les amputations et la loi religieuse. Revue du Monde Musulman, 9 (1909) pp. 99–103. 2530. NIDO, Manuel del. El derecho de venganza. Revista de Tropas Colonia­ les, 16 (abril 1926) p. 75. 2531.

PEYRONNIE, G. Le serment judiciaire dans le droit malékite et dans la jurisprudence marocaine. Revue Algérienne, 1934, pp. 34–43.

2532. Plantey A. La justice répressive et le droit pénal chérifien. Revue juridique et politique de l’Union française, 1951, pp. 27 ff. 2533. RODRÍGUEZ MEDIANO, Fernando. Justice, crime and punishment in 10th/16th Morocco. Public violence in Islamic societies: power, discipline, and the construction of the public sphere, 7th–19th centuries CE. Ed. Christian Lange, Maribel Fierro. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009, pp. 179–200. 2534. RODRÍGUEZ MEDIANO, Fernando. Justice, crime et châtiment au Maroc au XVIe siècle. Annales: histoire, sciences sociales, 51 iii (1996) pp. 611–627. 2535. WESTERMARCK, Edward. Customs connected with homicide in Morocco. Transactions of the Westermarck Society, 1 (1947) pp. 7–38. 2536. ZIRARI-DEVIF, Michèle. La ḥisba au Maroc: hier et aujourd’hui. Les institutions traditionnelles dans le monde arabe. Ed. H. Bleuchot. Paris: Karthala; Aix-en-Provence: IREMAM, 1996, pp. 71–85. 2537. ZIRARI DEVIF, Michèle. La formation du système pénal marocain. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Nice, 1989. 404 pp.

264

Niger

Niger 2538. KIRWIN, Matthew Fitzrobert. The socio-political effects of Nigerian Shariʿa on Niger. M.A. thesis, Ohio University, 2004. 110 pp.

Nigeria 2539. ABD Al-MASIH, K.O. & IBN SALAM, M.J. What you have not heard about the Sharia question. N.p.: JPC Inc., 2000. 64 pp. 2540. ABDULLAH, Ustaz Yoonus. Sharia in Africa. Ijebu-Ode: Shebiotimo, 1998. 224 pp. 2541.

ABDUL-MUMIN, Abdul-s-Salam. Sharia and the solutions to the problems facing administration of justice in Nigeria. Ibadan: Muslim Students Society of Nigeria, University of Ibadan Branch, 2003. 72 pp.

2542. ABDUL-RAHEEM, Tajudeen. Islamist bigots: The case of Safiya Hussaini. Jenda: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies, 1 ii (2001). 2543. ABUBAKAR, Adamu. Islamic law practice and procedure in Nigerian courts. Lagos etc.: Malthouse Press Limited, 2017. 202 pp. 2544. ABUN-NASR, Jamil M. Islamisches Recht im nigerianischen Rechts­ system. Muslime in Nigeria: Religion und Gesellschaft im politischen Wandel seit den 50er Jahren. Ed. Jamil M. Abun-Nasr. Münster etc.: LIT Verlag, 1993, pp. 201–225. 2545. ADAMU, Fatima L. Gender, hisba and the enforcement of morality in northern Nigeria. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 78 i (2008) pp. 136–152. 2546. ADEKILEKUN, Abdul-Lateef. Muslims and Islamic law in Southern Nigeria (1899–1999). Ede: Moyanjuola Press, 2001. 173 pp. 2547. ADESIYAN, D.O. An accused person’s rights in Nigerian criminal law. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books, 1996. 161 pp.

Nigeria

265

2548. ADO-KURAWA, Ibrahim. Domestication of the Shariʿah in Nigeria. Kano: Transwest Africa, 2002. 208 pp. 2549. AHMAD, Ali. Extension of Shariʿah in Northern Nigeria: human rights implications for non-Muslim minorities. Islam and human rights. Advocacy for social change in local contexts. Ed. Mashood Baderin, Lynn Welchman, Mahmood Monshipouri, Shadi Mokhtari. New Delhi: Global Media, 2006, pp. 133–177. 2550. AHMED, Abdulmumin B. Administration of Islamic criminal law and justice in a constitutional democracy: problems and prospects. Sharia implementation in Nigeria: Issues and challenges on women’s rights and access to justice. Ed. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Abiola Akiyode Afolabi. Enugu: Women’s Aid Collective, 2003, pp. 164–176. 2551.

AJETUNMOBI, Musa Ali. Sharia legal practice in Nigeria 1956–1983. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 1988.

2552. AKANDE, Rabiat. Secularizing Islam: the colonial encounter and the making of a British Islamic criminal law in Northern Nigeria, 1903–58. Law and History Review, 2019, pp. 1–35. 2553. AKOGWU, Agada. Assessing the human rights implications of the Nigerian law dealing with sexual orientation. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pretoria, 2018. 368 pp. 2554. AKPOTAIRE, Vincent O. Criminal law in Nigeria. Akure: Sylva Publica­ tions, 1999. 96 pp. 2555. ALAO, Olatunji E. Politics of Sharia in Nigeria’s “Far North” and the fallacy of “secularity principle of state”. Revista de Estudios Africanos, (2019) pp. 144–164. 2556. ALAO, O.E. Sharia law, sectarian conflicts, national security: case study of Kaduna State, Nigeria, 1999–2010. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Babcock University. Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, 2016. 2557. ALEMIKA, Etannibi E.O. & OKOYE, Festus O. Human rights and Shariah Penal Code in Northern Nigeria. Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor, 2005. 262 pp.

266

Nigeria

2558. AMUCHEAZI, Elochukwu C. & OLATAWURA, Olajide (eds.). The judiciary and democracy in Nigeria. Abuja: National Orientation Agency, 1998. 198 pp. 2559. ANDERSON, J.N.D. Conflict of laws in Northern Nigeria. Journal of African Law, 1 ii (1957) pp. 87–98. 2560. ANGERBRANDT, Henrik. Political decentralisation and conflict: the Sharia crisis in Kaduna, Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 29 i (2011) pp. 15–31. 2561.

ANUGWOM, Edlyne Eze. Contested terrain: economic migration, Islamic sharia law and ethno-religious conflict in Nigria [sic]. African Study Monographs, 29 iv (2008) pp. 159–181.

2562. ANYANWU, Ogechi. Enforcing the shariʿah in Nigeria: women, justice, and the Muslims’ collective conscience. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 26 iii (2009) pp. 24–40. 2563. ANYANWU, Ogechi E. Crime and justice in postcolonial Nigeria: the justifications and challenges of Islamic law of Shariʿah. Journal of Law and Religion, 21 ii (2005/2006) pp. 315–347. 2564. BABAJI, B. & DANKOFA, Yusuf. Assessing the performance of lower courts in the implementation of Shariʿa penal law and justice. Sharia implementation in Nigeria: Issues and challenges on women’s rights and access to justice. Ed. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Abiola Akiyode Afolabi. Enugu: Women’s Aid Collective, 2003, pp. 103–127. 2565. BADAMASIUY, Juwayriya & OKENE, Ahmed Adam. Shari’ah implementation in a democratic Nigeria: historical background and the quest for developmental legality. Journal of Politics and Law, 4 ii (2011) pp. 144–152. 2566. BADAR, Mohamed Elewa & AMIN, Elsayed M.A. & HIGGINS, Noelle. The International Criminal Court and the Nigerian crisis: an inquiry into the Boko Haram ideology and practices from an Islamic law perspective. International Human Rights Law Review, 3 i (2014) pp. 29–60.

Nigeria

267

2567. BADRAN, Margot. Shariʿa activism and zina in Nigeria in the era of hudud. Gender and Islam in Africa: rights, sexuality, and law. Ed. Margot Badran. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011, pp. 191–210. 2568. BAMBALE, Yahaya Yunusa. The Islamic criminal justice system: a case for the application of hudud offcences in Nigeria. Ph.D. dissertation, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 1999. 243 pp. 2569. BAMGBOSE, Oluyemisi. Towards the global abolition of the death penalty: the criminal law in the United States and Nigeria. East Africa Journal of Peace & Human Rights, 13 i (2007) pp. 30–53. 2570. BARROW, Shannon V. Nigerian justice: death by stoning sentence reveals empty promises to the state and the international community. Emory International Law Review, 17 (2003) pp. 1203–1049. 2571.

BELLO, Abdulmajeed Hassan. The punishment for adultery in Islamic law and its application in Nigeria. Journal of Islamic Law and Culture, 13 ii–iii (2011) pp. 166–182.

2572.

BELLO, Aminu Adamu. Enforcement of hudood punishments under Islamic law in Nigeria: implications for a plural legal system. Social Science Research Network, 2010. 26 pp. [online].

2573.

BELLO, Aminu Adamu. Binding precedent and shariʿa/Islamic law in Nigeria: an attempt at a civil-criminal distinction. Islamic Law and Law of the Muslim World Paper No. 09–67, Social Science Research Network, 2009. 18 pp. [online].

2574.

BELLO, Aminu Adamu. Zina (adultery) in Islamic criminal law in Nigeria: the gender issues in Amina Lawal’s case. Social Science Research Network, 2008. 19 pp. [online].

2575.

BELLO, Aminu Adamu. If Amina Lawal had failed: issues in constitutional and Islamic criminal law in Nigeria. Islamic law and law of the Muslim world Paper No. 08-23, Social Science Research Network, 2008. 11 pp. [online].

268

Nigeria

2576. BELLO, Omar Bello. Muhammad Bello’s ideal of criminal and political justice. Islamic law in Nigeria. Ed. Sayed Khalid Rashid. Lagos: Islamic Publications Bureau, 1986, p. 39. 2577. BEN AMARA, Ramzi. ‘We introduced sharīʿa’—the Izala movement in Nigeria as initiator of sharīʿa—reimplementation in the north of the country: some reflections. Sharīʿa in Africa today: reactions and responses. Ed. John Chesworth, Franz Kogelmann. Leiden: Brill, 2013, pp. 125–145. 2578. BEN AMARA, Ramzi. The Izala movement in Nigeria: its split, relationship to Sufis and perception of Sharīʿa re-implementation. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Bayreuth, 2011. 381 pp. 2579. BOLAJI, Mohammed H.A. Between democracy and federalism: Shariʿah in Northern Nigeria and the paradox of institutional impetuses. Africa Today, 59 iv (2013) pp. 93–117. 2580. BOLAJI, M.H.A. Shariah as group rights and the plight of religious minorities in Nigeria. International Journal on World Peace, 30 iv (2013) pp. 31–59. 2581.

BOLAJI, M.H.A. Shariʿah in Northern Nigeria in the light of asymmetrical federalism. Publius, 40 i (2010) pp. 114–135.

2582. BOSE, Amitabha. Do all roads lead to Islamic radicalism? A comparison of Islamic laws in India and Nigeria. Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, 32 (2004) pp. 779–782. 2583. BOSSALLER, Anke. Nigeria: Steinigungsurteile. INAMO, 41 (2005) pp. 27–28. 2584. BOURBEAU, Heather & UMAR, Muhammad Sani & BAUMAN, Peter. Shariʿah criminal law in Northern Nigeria. Implementation of expanded Shariʿa Penal and Criminal Codes in Kano, Sokoto, and Zamfara States, 2017–2019. Washington, DC: United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, 2019. 71 pp. 2585. BRIGAGLIA, Andrea. Dibattito. Ancora sul caso shariʿa in Nigeria. Afriche e Orienti, 3 i (2001) pp. 60–63.

Nigeria

269

2586. BUNTING, Annie. “Authentic Sharia” as cause and cure for women’s human rights violations in northern Nigeria. Hawwa, 9 i–ii (2011) pp. 152–170. 2587. Burning issues in civil and criminal procedure and practice: essays in honour of Hon. Justice Omotunde Ilori Chief Judge of Lagos State. Lagos: International Legal Research House, 1999. 415 pp. 2588. CASEY, Conerly. ‘Marginal Muslims’: politics and the perceptual bounds of Islamic authenticity in Northern Nigeria. Africa Today, 54 iii (2008) pp. 66–92. 2589. The Centre for Islamic Legal Studies’ draft harmonised Sharia Penal Code annotated. Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999–2006: a sourcebook. Ed. Philip Ostien. Ibadan: Spectrum Books. 2007, vol. 4, pp. 33–139. 2590. CHIROMA, Isa Hayatu & ELLIESIE, Hatem. Islam, Islamic law and human rights in the Nigerian context. Beiträge zum islamischen Recht VII. Ed. Hatem Elliesie. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2010, pp. 155–172. 2591.

CHRISTELOW, Allan. Persistence and transformation in the politics of Shariʿa, Nigeria, 1947–2003: in search of an explanatory framework. Muslim family law in Sub-Saharan Africa: colonial legacies and post-colonial challenges. Ed. Shamil Jeppie, Ebrahim Moosa, Richard Roberts. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010, pp. 247–272.

2592. CHRISTELOW, Allan. Islamic law and judicial practice in Nigeria: an historical perspective. Journal Of Muslim Minority Affairs, 22 i (2002) pp. 185–204. 2593. CRISTOFOLI, Vittorio. Nuovo corso democratico e sharia in Nigeria. Afriche e Orienti, 2 ii (2000) pp. 43–47. 2594. CRUTCHER, S. Stoning single Nigerian mothers for adultery: applying feminist theory to an analysis of gender discrimination in international law. Hastings Women’s Law Journal, 15 (2004) pp. 239–262. 2595. DANFULANI, Umar Habila Dadem. The Sharia issue and ChristianMuslim relations in contemporary Nigeria. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 2005. 83 pp.

270

Nigeria

2596. DANFULANI, Umar Habila Dadem & LUDWIG, Frieder & OSTIEN, Philip. The Sharia controversy and Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria. Jahrbuch für kontextuelle Theologien, (2002) pp. 70–95. 2597. DANKOFA, Babaji & DANKOFA, Y. Assessing the performance of lower courts in the implementation of Shariʿa penal law and justice system in Northern Nigeria. Sharia implementation in Nigeria: issues and challenges on women’s rights and access to justice. Ed. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Abiola Akiyode Afolabi. Enugu: Women’s Aid Collective, 2003, pp. 103–127. 2598. DEKKER, Albert & OSTIEN, Philip. L’application du droit pénal islamique dans le Nord-Nigeria. Afrique contemporaine, 231 (2009) pp. 245–264. 2599. EBBE, Obi N.I. The juvenile justice system in Nigeria. Delinquency and juvenile justice systems in the non-Western world. Ed. Paul C. Friday, Xin Ren. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press, 2006, pp. 49–68. 2600. EDEKO, E.S. & UNOMAH, E. Nigerian criminal law. Benin City: Tide Publishers, 2003. 148 pp. 2601.

ELAIGWU, J. Isawa & GALADIMA, Habu. The shadow of Sharia over Nigerian federalism. Publius, 33 iii (2003) pp. 123–144.

2602. ELTANTAWI, Sarah. Shariʿah on trial: Northern Nigeria’s Islamic revolution. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2017. 272 pp. 2603. ELTANTAWI, Sarah. The difficulty of accounting for women who critique Sharia in Northern Nigeria. Sharia dynamics. Islamic law and sociopolitical processes. Ed. Timothy P. Daniels. London etc.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 203–221. 2604. ELTANTAWI, Sarah. Stoning in the Islamic tradition: the case of Northern Nigeria. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 2012. 2605. EMEKWUE, Henry. Democracy and religion: Sharia in Nigeria. Akwa: Emekwue, 2000. 36 pp.

Nigeria

271

2606. ENYIDAH-OKEY ORDU, Gilbert. Sharia law in Nigeria: can a selective imposition of Islamic law work in the nation? Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture, 3 ii (2015) pp. 66–81. 2607. ESSIEN, Victor Knesi. The Northern Nigeria Penal Code: a reflection on diverse values in penal legislation. New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law, 5 i (1983) pp. 87–102. 2608. EZEILO, Joy Ngozi & LADAN, Muhammed Tawfiq & AFOLABIAKIYODE, Abiola (eds.). Shariʿa implementation in Nigeria. Issues & challenges on women’s rights and access to justice. Enugu & Port Harcourt & Abuja: Women’s Aid Collective (WACOL), 2003. 277 pp. 2609. FASOLA, L.F. Shariʿa controversy in Nigeria: a Christian response. Ibadan: Pomik Nigeria Limited, 2001. 79 pp. 2610.

GAIYA, Musa A.B. The Shariʿa and fundamental human rights in Nigeria. Swedish Missiological Themes, 90 ii (2000) pp. 175–186.

2611.

GLEDHILL, Alan. The Penal Codes of Northern Nigeria and the Sudan. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1963. 820 pp.

2612.

HAMMED, Hanafi A. & EGBEWOLE, Wahab O. Re-emergence of Shariʿah penal law in Northern Nigeria: issues and options. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 8 iii (2017) pp. 368–385.

2613.

HAMZIĆ, Vanja. Nigeria. Control and sexuality: the revival of zina laws in Muslim contexts. Ed. Vanja Hamzić, Ziba Mir-Hosseini. London: Women Living Under Muslim Laws, 2010, pp. 119–146.

2614.

HARNEIT-SIEVERS, Axel. Encounters and no-go areas in the Nigerian debate about sharia. Report on the conference “Comparative perspectives on sharia in Nigeria”, Jos (Nigeria), 15–17 January 2004. Africa Spectrum, 38 iii (2003) pp. 415–420.

2615.

HARNISCHFEGER, Johannes. Democratization and Islamic law: the sharia conflict in Nigeria. Frankfurt & New York: Campus-Verlag, 2008. 283 pp.

272

Nigeria

2616.

HARNISCHFEGER, Johannes. Demokratisierung und Islamisches Recht: Der Scharia-Konflikt in Nigeria. Frankfurt & New York: Campus Verlag, 2006. 280 pp.

2617.

HARNISCHFEGER, Johannes. Sharia and control over territory: conflicts between ‘settlers’ and ‘indigenes’ in Nigeria. African Affairs, 103 cdxii (2004) pp. 431–452.

2618.

HAROON, Idris Abdullahi. The use of alternative dispute resolution (sulh) in Sharia cases. Paper presented at “The National Workshop for Area/Sharia/Customary Court Judges/Directors and Inspectors of Area/Sharia/Customary Courts”, Abuja, Nigeria, April 3–5, 2017. 20 pp. [online].

2619.

HARRIS, Colette. Violence in a religiously divided city: Kaduna, Nigeria—from the Shariʿa riots of 2000 to the post-election clashes of 2011. Space and Polity, 17 iii (2013) pp. 284–299.

2620. HARUNA, B.A. The application of the Shariʿa penal system: constitutional and other related issues. Sharia implementation in Nigeria: issues and challenges on women’s rights and access to justice. Ed. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Abiola Akiyode Afolabi. Enugu: Women’s Aid Collective, 2003, pp. 138–163. 2621.

HARUNAH, Hakeem B. Shariʿah under Western democracy in contemporary Nigeria: contradictions, crises, and the way forward. Ikeja: Perfect Printers, 2002. 108 pp.

2622. HOWARD-HASSMANN, Rhoda E. The flogging of Bariya Magazu: Nigerian politics, Canadian pressures, and women’s and children’s rights. Journal of Human Rights, 3 i (2004) pp. 3–20. 2623. HUSSAINI, Safiya & MASTO, Raffaele. Ich, Safiya. Verurteilt zum Tod durch Steinigung. München: Blanvalet. 2005. 206 pp. 2624. HUSSAINI TUNGAR TUDU, Safiya & MASTO, Raffaele. I, Safiya. London: Macmillan. 2004. 222 pp. 2625. HUTSON, Alaine S. Gender, mobility, and Sharia. ISIM Newsletter, 11 (2002) pp. 16.

Nigeria

273

2626. IBRAHIM, Bashir Yusuf. Application of the Shariʿa penal law and justice system in Northern Nigeria: constitutional issues and implications. Sharia implementation in Nigeria: Issues and challenges on women’s rights and access to justice. Ed. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Abiola Akiyode Afolabi. Enugu: Women’s Aid Collective, 2003, pp. 128–137. 2627. IBRAHIM, Hauwa. Practicing Shariah law: seven strategies for achieving justice in Shariah courts. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association, 2012. 368 pp. 2628. IBRAHIM, Hauwa & LYMAN, Princeton N. Reflections on the new Shariʿa law in Nigeria. New York, NY & Washington, DC: Council on Foreign Relations, 2004. 35 pp. 2629. IBRAHIM, Hauwa. Rule of law prevails in the case of Amina Lawal. Human Rights Brief, 11 iii (2004) pp. 39–41. 2630. IBRAHIM, Jibrin (ed.). Sharia penal and family law in Nigeria and in the Muslim world: a rights based approach. Zaria: Global Rights, 2004. 246 pp. 2631.

IGBOHIN, B.O. ‘The president of Nigeria has no final say’: Sharia: law controversies and implications for Nigeria. Politics and Religion, 8 ii (2010) pp. 265–290.

2632. IKE, Obiora (ed.). The fantasy of human rights. Enugu, Nigeria: Catholic Institute for Development, Justice, and Peace, 1997. 325 pp. 2633. ILESANMI, Olufemi O. Safiyatu’s conviction untenable under Sharia. Jenda: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies, 14 ii (2010) pp. 215–232. 2634. ILESANMI, Olufemi O. Sexual offences in a Muslim world: a socio-ethical reflection on Zamfara State (Nigeria) v. Bariya I. Mugazu. The International Journal of Human Rights, 14 ii (2010) pp. 215–232. 2635. IMAM, Ayesha M. Women’s reproductive and sexual rights and the offense of zina in Muslim laws in Nigeria. Where human rights begin: health, sexuality and women in the new millennium. Ed. Wendy

274

Nigeria

Chavkin, Ellen Chesler. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005, pp. 65–94. 2636. IMAM, Ibrahim. Exploring Shariah measures for curbing judicial corruption in Northern Nigeria. Jurnal Syariah, 24 iii (2016) pp. 495–526. 2637. IMAN, Buba. Safiyatu’s conviction untenable under Sharia. Jenda: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies, 1 ii (2001). [online]. 2638. IRONSIDE, Pernille. Reconciling rights and obligations: an examination of Shariʿah penal reform in Northern Nigeria. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 20 iii–iv (2003) pp. 140–172. 2639. IWOBI, Andrew Ubaka. Tiptoeing through a constitutional minefield: the great Sharia controversy in Nigeria. Journal of African Law, 48 ii (2004) pp. 111–164. 2640. JIMOH, Shaykh Luqman. Shariʿah and the rights of a mujrim to reformation and rehabilitation: the case study of Zamfara state of Nigeria. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 31 i (2011) pp. 153–166. 2641.

Jos: A city torn apart. New York, NY etc.: Human Rights Watch. 13 ix (A) (2001). 26 pp.

2642. KALU, Ogbu Uke. Safiyya and Adamah: punishing adultery with Sharia stones in twenty-first-century Nigeria. African Affairs, 102 cdviii (2003) pp. 389–408. 2643. KANE, Ousmane. Réflexion sur les émeutes interconfessionnelles du nord du Nigeria. Politique Etrangère, 67 iii (2002) pp. 749–764. 2644. KANO STATE [Nigeria]. Penal Code & Sharia Penal Code. Abuja: Law Lords Publications, 2004. 227 pp. 2645. KANO STATE [Nigeria]. Kano State Shariʿa Penal Code Law 2000. Kano: Kano Printing Corporation, 2000. 86 pp. 2646. KARIBI-WHYTE, A.G. History and sources of Nigerian criminal law. Ibadan: Spectrum Law Publishers, 1993. 281 pp.

Nigeria

275

2647. Katsina State Islamic Penal System (Adoption) Law 2000. Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999–2006: a sourcebook. Ed. Philip Ostien. Ibadan: Spectrum Books. 2007, vol. 4, pp. 144. 2648. KENDHAMMER, Brandon. Muslims talking politics: framing Islam, democracy, and law in Northern Nigeria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016. 312 pp. 2649. KENDHAMMER, Brandon. Islam and the language of human rights in Nigeria: “rights talk” and religion in domestic politics. Journal of Human Rghts, 12 iv (2013) pp. 469–490. 2650. KENDHAMMER, Brandon. The Sharia controversy in Northern Nigeria and the politics of Islamic law in new and uncertain democracies. Comparative Politics, 45 iii (2013) pp. 291–311. 2651.

KENNY, Joseph. Sharia and Christianity in Nigeria: Islam and a secular state. Journal of Religion in Africa, 26 (1996) pp. 338–364.

2652. KENNY, Joseph. Shariʿa in Nigeria: A historical survey. Bulletin on Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations in Africa, 4 i (1986) pp. 1–21. 2653. KILANI, Abdulrazaq. Muslim women, adultery and rape laws in SubSaharan Africa: a case study of Shariʿa Penal Code in Nigeria. Beyond the veil. Muslim women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ed. Abdulrazaq Kilani. Lagos: Global Daʿwah Communications, 2010, pp. 20–49. 2654. KIRWIN, Matthew. Popular perceptions of Shariʿa law in Nigeria. Islam and Christian-Muslim relations, 20 ii (2009) pp. 137–151. 2655. KOGELMANN, Franz. The ‘Sharia factor’ in Nigeria’s 2003 elections. Muslim-Christian Encounters in Africa. Ed. Benjamin F. Soares. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2006, pp. 256–274. 2656. KOGELMANN, Franz. Shariʿa-Debatten—Impressionen aus dem zeitgenössischen Nigeria. Politischer Islam in Westafrika—Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Ed. M. Bröning, Holger Weiss. Münster etc.: LIT Verlag, 2006, pp. 179–187.

276

Nigeria

2657. KOGELMANN, Franz. Nigeria: Scharia-Debatten. Informationsprojekt Naher und Mittlerer Osten (INAMO), 41 (2005) pp. 24–26. 2658. LADAN, Muhammad Tawfiq. A handbook on Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria: women and children’s rights focus. Kaduna, Nigeria: League of Democratic Women (LEADS-Nigeria), 2005. 202 pp. 2659. LADAN, Muhammad Tawfiq. Legal pluralism and the development of the rule of law in Nigeria: issues and challenges in the development and application of the Sharia. Sharia penal and family laws in Nigeria and in the Muslim world: rights based approach. Ed. Jibrin Ibrahim. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press, 2004, pp. 57–113. 2660. LAREMONT, Ricardo René. Islamic law and politics in Northern Nigeria. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2011. 320 pp. 2661.

LAST, Murray. Islamic criminal law in Northern Nigeria: politics, religion, judicial practice. Journal of Religion in Africa, 45 iii/iv (2015) pp. 340–341.

2662. LAST, Murray. Notes on the implementation of Shari’a in Northern Nigeria. FAIS Journal of Humanities (Bayero University, Kano), 2 iii (2002) pp. 1–17. 2663. LAST, Murray. La charia dans le Nord-Nigeria. Politique africaine, 79 (2000) pp. 141–152. 2664. LAWAN, Mamman. Islamic law and legal hybridity in Nigeria. Journal of African Law, 58 ii (2014) pp. 303–327. 2665. LAWAN YUSUFARI, Mamman A. The application of Islamic law in Nigeria. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 4 (1997) pp. 201–209. 2666. LEMU, B. Aisha. Islam and alcohol. Religion and ethics in Nigeria. Ed. S.O. Abogunrin. Ibadan: Daystar, 1986, pp. 179–185. 2667. LUBECK, Paul M. Nigeria: mapping a Shariʿa restorationist movement. Shariʿa politics. Islamic law and society in the modern world. Ed. Robert W. Hefner. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2011, pp. 244–279.

Nigeria

277

2668. LUDWIG, Frieder. Christian-Muslim relations in Northern Nigeria since the introduction of Shariʿah in 1999. Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 76 iii (2008) pp. 602–637. 2669. MAFULLUL, Yakubu. Homicide in Northern Nigeria: an evaluation of motives. American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 21 i (2000) pp. 69–76. 2670. MAHDI, Hauwa. Sharia in Nigeria: a reflection on the debates: the Zamfara state of Nigeria Shariʿah Penal Code. Journal of Gombe State University, 1 i (2007). 2671.

MAHMUD, Abdulmalik Bappa. A brief history of Shariʿah in the defunct Northern Nigeria. N.p.: n.p., 1988. 61 pp.

2672. MAKINDE, Abdul-Fatah Kola. The evolution of the independent sharīʿa panel in Osun State, south-west Nigeria. Sharīʿa in Africa today: reactions and responses. Ed. John Chesworth, Franz Kogelmann. Leiden: Brill, 2013, pp. 73–101. 2673. MARJOMAA, Risto. Long struggle for the Shariʿa in northern Nigeria. Africa in the long run. Festschrift in the honour of Professor Arvi Hurskainen. Ed. Lotta Harjula, Maaria Ylänkö. Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society, 2006, pp. 39–66. 2674. MARSHALL, Paul. Nigeria: Shariʿa in a fragmented country. Radical Islam’s rules: the worldwide spread of extreme Shariʿa law. Ed. Paul Marshall. Lanham, MD etc.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005, pp. 113–133. 2675. MARSHALL, Paul. The Talibanisation of Nigeria: Sharia law and religious freedom. Washington, DC: Freedom House, 2002. 101 pp. 2676. MCCAIN, Danny. Which road leads beyond the Shariʿah controversy? A Christian perspective on Shariʿah in Nigeria. Comparative perspectives on Shariʿah in Nigeria Ed. Philip Ostien, Jamila M. Nasir, Franz Kogelmann. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2005, pp. 7–25. 2677. The “Miss World riots”: continued impunity for killings in Kaduna. Washington, DC: Human Rights Watch, 15 xiii (A) (2003). 41 pp.

278

Nigeria

2678. MUHAMMAD, Baba Yunus. Sharia and the challenges of the 21st century. Islam, résistances et état en Afrique de l’Ouest, XIXe & XXe siècles. Symposium international 2000, Dakar. Rabat: Institut des Etudes Africaines, 2003, pp. 621–637. 2679. MUSTAPHA, Abdul Raufu & GAMAWA, Aminu. Challenges of legal pluralism: Sharia law and its aftermath. Creed & grievance: MuslimChristian relations & conflict resolution in Northern Nigeria. Ed. Abdul Raufu Mustapha, David Ehrhardt. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell and Brewer, 2018, pp. 139–164. 2680. MUSTAPHA, Abdul Raufu. Exploring 15 years of Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria. Oxford: Oxford Department of International Development, 2017. 2681.

MWALIMU, Charles. The Nigerian legal system. New York etc.: Peter Lang, 2005. 732 pp.

2682. NAʿIM, Abdullahi A. An-. The future of Shariʿah and the debate in Northern Nigeria. Comparative perspectives on Shariʿah in Nigeria. Ed. Philip Ostien, Jamila M. Nasir, Franz Kogelmann. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2005, pp. 327–357. 2683. NANIYA, Tijani Muhammad. History of Sharia in some states of northern Nigeria to circa 2000. Journal of Islamic Studies, 13 i (2002) pp. 14–31. 2684. NANIYA, Tijjani Muhammad. The impact of the British conquest on the interpretation and application of the Shariʿa. Paideuma, 40 (1994) pp. 163–172. 2685. NASIR, Jamila M. Sharia implementation and female Muslims in Nigeria’s Sharia states. Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999– 2006. Ed. Philip Ostien. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2007, vol. 3, pp. 76–118. 2686. NGBAN, Moni Odo. Is Sharia the law of God? Why Christians reject it; the implications on a nation. N.p.: n.p., 2001. 90 pp. 2687. NICOLAI, Caroline E. Islamic law and the international protection of women’s rights: the effect of Shariʿa in Nigeria. Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 31 (2004) pp. 299–326.

Nigeria

279

2688. The Niger State Penal Code (Amendment) Law 2000. Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999–2006: a sourcebook. Ed. Philip Ostien. Ibadan: Spectrum Books. 2007, vol. 4, pp. 140–143. 2689. Nigeria. Court of appeal. Sarauniya law reports: selected Shariʿah cases. Kaduna: Sarauniya Law Publications, 2007. 4 vols. 2690. NMEHIELLE, Vincent O. Sharia law in the northern states of Nigeria: to implement or not to implement, the constitutionality is the question. Human Rights Quarterly, 26 iii (2004) pp. 730–759. 2691.

NOIBI, Mansur. Shariʿa and the Nigerian constitution—the jurisdiction of the Shariʿa court of appeal. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 10 (2003–2004) pp. 97–105.

2692. NOIBI, M. The Sharia in the Nigerian legal system. Perspectives in Islamic law and jurisprudence: Essays in honour of Justice (Dr.) Muritala Okunola ( JCA). Ed. M. Oloyede Abdul-Rahmon. Ibadan: National Association of Muslim Law Students, 2001, pp. 195–229. 2693. NWABUEZE, B. Freedom of religion: the religious neutrality of the state under constitution and the Sharia controversy. Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 13 (2001) pp. 91–121. 2694. NWAUCHE, Enyinna S. The Nigerian police force and the enforcement of religious criminal law. African Human Rights Law Journal, 14 i (2014) pp. 203–216. 2695. NWAUCHE, Enyinna S. Law, religion and human rights in Nigeria. African Human Rights Law Journal, 8 ii (2008) pp. 568–595. 2696. NZEGWU, Nkiru. Islam and its bigots: the case of Safiyatu Huseini Tugur Tudu. Jenda: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies, 1 ii (2001) pp. 1–13. 2697. OBA, Abdulmumini Adebayo. The Sharia court of appeal in Northern Nigeria: the continuing crises of jurisdiction. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 52 iv (2004) pp. 859–900.

280

Nigeria

2698. OBA, Abdulmumini. Lawyers, legal education and the Shariʿah courts in Nigeria. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 36 il (2004) pp. 113–161. 2699. OBA, Abdulmumini A. Kadis (judges) of the Sharia court of appeal: the problems of identity, relevance, and marginalisation within the Nigerian legal system. Journal of Commonwealth Law and Legal Education, 2 ii (2004) pp. 49–71. 2700. O’BRIEN, Susan M. La charia contestée: démocractie, débat et diversité musulmane dans les “États charia” du Nigeria. Politique africaine, 106 (2007) pp. 46–68. 2701.

ODEH, L.E. The resurgence of Sharia in contemporary Nigeria, 1999– 2000. Benue Valley Journal of Humanities, 9 i–ii (2010) pp. 1–15.

2702. ODEY, John Okwoeze. Sharia and the rest of us. Enugu: Snaap Press, 2000. 122 pp. 2703. ODUYOYE, Modupe. The Shariyʾah debate in Nigeria: October 1999– October 2000. Ibadan: Sefer Books, 2000. 130 pp. 2704. OFORI-AMANKWAH, Emmanuel H. Criminal law in the northern states of Nigeria. Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation, 1986. 505 pp. 2705. OFORI-AMANKWAH, Emmanuel H. The Penal Code and the Criminal Code—their origin and differences. Journal of Islamic and Comparative Law, 8 (1978) pp. 49–56. 2706. OGBU, O.N. Is Nigeria a secular state? Law, human rights & religion in context. The Transitional Human Rights Review, 1 (2014) pp. 135–178. 2707. OGBU, Osita Nnamani. Punishments in Islamic criminal law as antithetical to human dignity: the Nigerian experience. International Journal of Human Rights, 9 ii (2005) pp. 165–182. 2708. OGECHI, Anyanwu E. Enforcing the shariʿah in Nigeria: women, justice, and the Muslims’ collective conscience. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 26 iii (2009) pp. 24–40.

Nigeria

281

2709. OGECHI, Anyanwu E. Crime and justice in postcolonial Nigeria: the justifications and challenges of Islamic law of shariʿah. Journal of Law and Religion, 21 ii (2006) pp. 315–347. 2710.

OJIELO, M. Ozonnia. Human rights and shariʿah justice in Nigeria. Annual Survey of International and Comparative Law, 9 (2003) pp. 135–144.

2711.

OJUKWU, Chudi Nelson. Attempts: the Nigerian perspective. Criminal Law Forum, 13 ii (2002) pp. 225–244.

2712.

OKEKOCHA, Chinelo & EWOH, Andrew I.E. Questioning the constitutionality of Sharia law in some Nigerian states. African Social Science Review, 6 i (2013) pp. 15–28.

2713.

OKPANACHI, Eyene. Between conflict and compromise: lessons on Sharia and pluralism from Nigeria’s Kaduna and Kebbi states. Emory International Law Review, 25 (2011) pp. 897–919.

2714.

OLAJIDE, Olakanmi. Penal Code & Sharia Penal Code. Abuja: Law Lords Publications, 2004. 227 pp.

2715.

OLANIYI, Rasheed Oyewole. Hisbah and Sharia law enforcement in metropolitan Kano. Africa Today, 57 iv (2011) pp. 70–96.

2716.

OLATUBOSUN, Adeniyi. Compensation to victims of crime in Nigeria: a critical assessment of criminal—victim relationship. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 44 ii (2002) pp. 205–224.

2717.

OLOSO, K.K. & UTHMAN, Ibrahim O. The application of al-uqubat (Islamic criminal law) in contemporary Nigerian society: current issues and the way out. International Journal of Advanced Legal Studies and Governance, 2 i (2011) pp. 57–74.

2718.

OPARA, Victor Nnamdi. Abortion regime under the Nigerian criminal jurisprudence: a manmade disaster to human health & human rights. LL.M. thesis, University of Toronto, 2002. 94 pp.

2719.

ORAEGBUNAM, Ikenga K.E. Islamic criminal law and constitutionalism in Nigeria: any lessons from Turkey? Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 33 (2015) pp. 25–45.

282

Nigeria

2720. ORAEGBUNAM, Ikenga K.E. Sharia criminal law and state secularity principle in Nigeria: implications of section 10 of 1999 constitution (as amended). Journal of Law, Policy and Globalisation, 28 (2014) pp. 39–54. 2721.

ORAEGBUNAM, Ikenga K.E. Penal jurisprudence under Islamic criminal justice: implications for the right to human dignity in Nigerian constitution. Journal of Islamic State Practices in International Law, 8 ii (2012) pp. 31–68.

2722.

ORAEGBUNAM, Ikenga K.E. Islamic law, religious freedom and human rights in Nigeria. African Journal of Law and Criminology, 2 i (2012) pp. 1–25.

2723.

ORAEGBUNAM, Ikenga K.E. Sharia criminal law, Islam and democracy in Nigeria today. OGIRISI: a New Journal of African Studies, 8 i (2011) pp. 181–209.

2724. ORIRE, Abdul Qadir. An overview of the application of Shari’a in Nigeria. Sharia implementation in Nigeria: Issues and challenges on women’s rights and access to justice. Ed. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Abiola Akiyode Afolabi. Enugu: Women’s Aid Collective, 2003, pp. 247–254. 2725.

OSTIEN, Philip & GARBA, Ahmed & ABUBAKAR, Musa. Nigeria’s Sharia courts. Social Science Research Network, 2019. 63 pp. [online].

2726. OSTIEN, Philip & DEKKER, Albert. Sharia and national law in Nigeria. Sharia incorporated: a comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim countries in past and present. Ed. J.M. Otto. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010, pp. 553–612. 2727.

OSTIEN, Philip. Jonah Jang and the Jasawa: Ethno-religious conflict in Jos, Nigeria. Muslim-Christian Relations in Africa, (2009) pp. 1–42. [online].

2728. OSTIEN, Philip (ed.). Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999– 2006: a sourcebook. 5 vols. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2007. 2729. OSTIEN, Philip, & UMARU, M.J. Changes in the law in the Sharia states aimed at suppressing social vices. Sharia implementation in Northern

Nigeria

283

Nigeria 1999–2006: a sourcebook. Ed. Philip Ostien. Ibadan: Spectrum Books. 2007, vol. 3, pp. 9–75. 2730. OSTIEN, Philip. Nigeria’s Sharia Criminal Procedure Codes. Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999–2006: a sourcebook. Ed. Philip Ostien. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2007, vol. 4, The Sharia Penal and Criminal Procedures Codes, pp. 171–203. 2731.

OSTIEN, Philip. The Sharia Penal Codes. Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999–2006: a sourcebook. Ed. Philip Ostien. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books, 2007, vol. 4, The Sharia Penal and Criminal Procedures Codes, pp. 3–21.

2732.

OSTIEN, Philip. An opportunity missed by Nigeria’s Christians: the 1976–78 Sharia debate revisited. Muslim-Christian Encounters in Africa. Ed. Benjamin F. Soares. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2006, pp. 221–255.

2733.

OSTIEN, Philip & MASIR, Jamila M. & Kogelmann, Franz (eds.). Com­ parative perspectives on Shariʿa in Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2005. 403 pp.

2734. OSTIEN, Philip. Ten good things about the implementation of Shariʿa taking place in some states of Northern Nigeria. Swedish Missiological Themes, 90 ii (2002) pp. 163–174. 2735.

OSTIEN, Philip. Islamic criminal law: what it means in Zamfara and Niger States. Journal of Public and Private Law, 4 (2000) pp. 1–18.

2736. OSTIEN, Philip. A study of the court systems of Northern Nigeria with a proposal for the creation of lower Sharia courts in some Northern states. University of Jos, 1999. 95 pp. 2737.

OWOADE, M. Adekunle. Crime and the criminal laws in Nigeria. Administration of justice in Nigeria: essays in honour of Mohammed Lawal Uwais. Ed. John Ademola Yakubu. Lagos: Malthouse Press, 2000. 250 pp.

2738. PEREIRA, Charmaine. Zina and transgressive heterosexuality in northern Nigeria. Feminist Africa, 5 (2005) pp. 52–79.

284

Nigeria

2739. PÉROUSE DE MONTLOS, Marc-Antoine. Nigéria et Soudan: y-a-t-il une vie après la “sharia” ? Études, 395 xi (2001) pp. 443–454. 2740. PÉROUSE DE MONTLOS, Marc-Antoine. Le Nigeria à l’épreuve de la sharia. Études, 394 ii (2001) pp. 153–164. 2741.

PETERS, Rudolph. Sharia and ‘natural justice’: the implementation of Islamic criminal law in British India and colonial Nigeria. Islamica: studies in the memory of Holger Preißler (1943–2006). Ed. Andreas Christmann, Jan-Peter Hartung. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Journal of Semitic Studies Book Supplement Series, 26), 2010, pp. 127– 150. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 622–644.]

2742.

PETERS, Rudolph. The re-Islamization of criminal law in Northern Nigeria: the Safiyyatu Hussaini case. Dispensing justice in Islamic courts: qadis, procedures and evidence. Ed. M.K. Masud, R. Peters and D.S. Powers. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2006, pp. 219–243. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 600–621.]

2743.

PETERS, Rudolph. Sharīʿa-strafrecht in Noord-Nigeria en de mensenrechten. Recht van de Islam, 21 (2004) pp. 72–87.

2744.

PETERS, Ruud. The reintroduction of Shariʿa criminal law in Nigeria: new challenges for the Muslims of the North. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht IV. Ed. Silvia Tellenbach, Thoralf Hanstein. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2004, pp. 9–23. [Republished in Shariʿa, justice and legal order. Egyptian and Islamic law: selected essays. Ed. Rudolph Peters. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 546–560.]

2745.

PETERS, Ruud (with the assistance of Maarten Barends). Islamic criminal law in Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2003. 88 pp.

2746. PETERS, Ruud (with the assistance of Maarten Barends). The reintroduction of Islamic criminal law in Northern Nigeria. A study conducted on behalf of the European Commission. Lagos, 2001. 71 pp.

Nigeria

285

2747.

PIERI, Zacharias P. et al. Commanding good and prohibiting evil in contemporary Islam: cases from Britain, Nigeria, and Southeast Asia. Contemporary Islam, 8 i (2014) pp. 37–55.

2748.

PIŁASZEWICZ, Stanisław. On the introduction of the Sharia in northern Nigeria. Africana Bulletin, 52 (2004) pp. 85–103.

2749.

PLANG, Danladi. Sharia penal laws in Northern Nigeria: a review. Human rights and Sharia Penal Code in Northern Nigeria. Ed. E.E.O. Alemika, Festus Okoye. Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor, 2005, pp. 69–136.

2750. “Political Shariʿa”? Human rights and Islamic law in Northern Nigeria. Human Rights Watch, 16 ix(A) (2004). 111 pp. 2751.

QURAISHI, Asifa. Islamic legal analysis of zina punishment of Bariya Ibrahim Magazu, Zamfara, Nigeria. Los Angeles, CA: Muslim Women’s League, 20 January, 2001.

2752.

ROBERTS, K.N. Constitutionality of Shariʿa law in Nigeria and the higher conviction rate of Muslim women under Shariʿa fornication and adultery laws. Southern California Review of Law and Women’s Studies, 14 (2004–05) pp. 315–336.

2753.

SADA, Ibrahim Na‌ʾiya. The making of the Zamfara and Kano State Sharia Penal Codes. Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999– 2006: a sourcebook. Ed. Philip Ostien. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2007, vol. 4, pp. 22–32.

2754. SALAMONE, Frank A. The Waziri and the thief: Hausa Islamic law in a Yoruba city, a case study from Ibadan, Nigeria. African Studies Review, 39 ii (1996) pp. 125–140. 2755.

SALAMONE, Frank. The clash between indigenous, Islamic colonial and post-colonial law in Nigeria. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 21 (1993) pp. 15–60.

2756. SANNI, Amidu. The Shariʿah conundrum in Nigeria and the Zamfara model: the role of Nigerian Muslim youth in the historical context. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 27 i (2007) pp. 117–132.

286 2757.

Nigeria

SANNI, Amidu. The sacralisation of violence in the promotion of religious idealism: the Nigerian experience. Hamdard Islamicus, 29 iii (2006) pp. 27–33.

2758. SANNI, Amidu. The changing role of the Nigerian Muslim youth: Sharia as an instrument of peace or violence in the 21st century and beyond. Islam and the Modern Age, 36 ii (2005) pp. 50–60. 2759. SANSONI, Silvia. Saving Amina. Essence, 33 xi (2003) pp. 156–159. 2760. SANUSI, Sanusi Lamido. Politics and Sharia in northern Nigeria. Islam and Muslim politics in Africa. Ed. Benjamin F. Soares, René Otayek. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, pp. 177–188. 2761.

SANUSI, Sanusi Lamido. Fundamentalist groups and the Nigerian legal system: some reflections. Warning signs of fundamentalisms. Ed. Ayesha Imam, Jenny Morgan, Nira Yuval-Davis. London: Women Living Under Muslim Laws (WLUML), 2004, pp. 79–82.

2762. SANUSI, Sanusi Lamido. The Shariʿa debate and the construction of a “Muslim” identity in northern Nigeria: a critical perspective. Journal for Islamic Studies, 23 (2003) pp. 57–76. 2763. Saving Amina Lawal. Human rights symbolism and the dangers of colonialism. Harvard Law Review, 117 vii (2004) pp. 2365–2386. 2764. Sharia implementation in Nigeria: the journey so far. Lagos: BAOBAB for Women’s Human Rights, 2003. 2765. Shariah Penal and Criminal Procedure Codes. Kaduna: Kaduna State of Nigeria, 2002. 289 pp. 2766. SHEHU, Emman Usman. Sharia: the fate of northern Christians. N.p., n.p., 2000. 20 pp. 2767. SHITTU, A.D. Towards locating the Nigerian Shariʿah Penal Codes’ provisions for willful homicide within the shariʿah. Ilorin Journal of Religious Studies, 5 i (2015) pp. 103–117.

Nigeria

287

2768. SODIQ, Yushau. A history of the application of Islamic law in Nigeria. London etc.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 168 pp. 2769. SODIQ, Yushau. Nigerian civil government and the application of Islamic law. Religion, conflict, and democracy in modern Africa. The role of civil society in political engagement. Ed. Samuel K. Elolia. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2012, pp. 342–371. 2770. SODIQ, Yushau. Islamic law in Zamfara State of Nigeria: success or failure. Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 23 (2011) pp. 28–52. 2771.

STRUENSE, V. von. Stoning, Shariʿa, and human rights law in Nigeria. William & Mary Journal of Women and the Law, 11 (2004–2005) pp. 405–425.

2772.

SUBERU, Rotimi T. The Sharia challenge: revisiting the travails of the secular state. Encountering the Nigerian State. Ed. Wale Adebanwi, Ebenezer Obadare. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, pp. 217–241.

2773.

SUBERU, Rotimi T. Religion and institutions: federalism and the management of conflicts over Sharia in Nigeria. Journal of International Development, 21 iv (2009) pp. 547–560.

2774.

SULAIMAN, Muhammad Auwal. Islamic appraisal of zauren ṣulḥ (reconciliation forum) as conflict resolution mechanism in Bauchi state (2003–2018). Ph.D. dissertation, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria, 2019. 188 pp.

2775.

SULEIMAN, Abdulkabir Olaiya. The impulsive upsurge of yahoo-yahoo in the 21st century in Nigeria: Islamic perspective. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, 12 i (2019) pp. 91–104.

2776. TABIʾU, Muhammed. An overview of Sharia law and practice in Nigeria. Sharia penal and family laws in Nigeria and in the Muslim world: rights based approach. Ed. Jibrin Ibrahim. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press, 2004, pp. 115–127. 2777.

TABIU, Muhammad. Constraints in the application of Islamic law in Nigeria. Islamic law in Nigeria: application and teaching. Ed. S. Khalid Rashid. Lagos etc.: Islamic Publications Bureau, 1986, pp. 75–85.

288

Nigeria

2778. TAHIR, Ibrahim Nuhu. Implementation of Islamic criminal law (hudud) in the defunct Northern Nigeria: a comparative study of Nigerian Penal Code and the new implementation of Islamic criminal law. Master of Comparative Law thesis, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2007. 92 pp. 2779. TAIWO, E. Adewale. Justifications, challenges and constitutionality of the penal aspects of Shariʿah law in Nigeria. Griffith Law Review, 17 i (2008) pp. 183–202. 2780. The talibanization of Nigeria: radical Islam, extremist Sharia law and religious freedom. Washington, DC: Freedom House, 2002. 101 pp. 2781.

THURSTON, Alex. Muslim politics and shariʿa in Kano State, northern Nigeria. African Affairs, 114/454 (2015) pp. 28–51.

2782. UDUGBOR, Marcellus. Breve studio sull’incostituzionalità della Sharia in Nigeria. Iura Orientalia, 3 (2007) pp. 159–174. 2783.

USMAN ABUBAKAR, Musa. Nigeria’s blasphemy laws and the competing rights: taming the self-appointed God avengers through judicial process. Religion, law and security in Africa. Ed. M. Christian Green, T. Jeremy Gunn, Mark Hill. Stellenbosch: African Sun Media, 2018, pp. 49–62.

2784. UTHMAN, Ibrahim Olatunde. Muslim women and domestic violence in Nigeria: the position of the Shariʿa. Beyond the veil. Muslim women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ed. Abdulrazaq Kilani. Lagos: Global Daʿwah Communications, 2010, pp. 50–96. 2785. UTHMAN, Mohammed Bello. Safeguarding women’s rights under the sharia criminal justice system. Lagos: Gender and Development Action (GADA), 2004. 14 pp. 2786. UTHMAN, Mohammed Bello. Protecting the rights of the accused persons through the proper implementation of the Shariʿa procedural guarantees in Northern Nigeria. Sharia implementation in Nigeria: issues and challenges on women’s rights and access to justice. Ed. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Abiola Akiyode Afolabi. Enugu: Women’s Aid Collective, 2003, pp. 177–200.

Nigeria

289

2787. VROOM, Hendrik. Law, Muslim majority and the implementation of Sharia in Northern Nigeria. International Journal of Public Theology, 2 (2008) pp. 484–500. 2788. WAN-TATAH, Victor F. The Shariʿa issue in Nigerian politics. Studies in Contemporary Islam, 2 i (2000) pp. 28–37. 2789. WEIMANN, Gunnar. Islamic criminal law in Northern Nigeria: politics, religion, judicial practice. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010. 204 pp. 2790. WEIMANN, Gunnar J. The fatwā and the beast: Islamic authority and Muslim unity in northern Nigeria in light of the 2002 Miss World crisis. Islamic criminal law in northern Nigeria. Politics, religion, judicial practice. Ed. Gunnar Weimann. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam Press, 2010, pp. 147–170. 2791.

WEIMANN, Gunnar J. An alternative vision of Shariʿa application in Northern Nigeria: Ibrahim Salih’s hadd offences in the Shariʿa. Journal of Religion in Africa, 40 ii (2010) pp. 192–221.

2792. WEIMANN, Gunnar J. Islamic law and Muslim governance in Northern Nigeria: crimes against life, limb and property in Sharīʿa judicial practice. Islamic Law and Society, 17 iii–iv (2010) pp. 375–419. 2793. WEIMANN, Gunnar. Divine law and local custom in Northern Nigerian zinā trials. Die Welt des Islams, 49 iii–iv (2009) pp. 429–465. 2794. WEIMANN, Gunnar J. Judicial practice in Islamic criminal law in Nigeria—a tentative overview. Islamic Law and Society, 14 ii (2007) pp. 240–286. 2795. YADUDU, Auwalu H. Colonialism and the transformation of the substance and form of Islamic law in the northern states of Nigeria. Journal of Law and Religion, 9 i (1991) pp. 17–47. 2796. YAKUBU, Ademola. The dialectics of the Sharia imbroglio in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Demyaxs Law Books, 2003. 56 pp.

290

Nigeria

2797. YAKUBU, J. Ademola & OYEWO, A. Toriola. Criminal law and procedure in Nigeria. Lagos: Malthouse Books, 2000. 281 pp. 2798. YAWURI, Aliyu Musa. On defending Safiyatu Hussaini and Amina Lawal. Sharia implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999–2006: a sourcebook. Ed. Philip Ostien, Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2007, vol. 5, pp. 129–139. 2799. YAWURI, Aliyu Musa. Issues in defending Safiyyatu Husseini and Amina Lawal. Sharia penal and family laws in Nigeria and in the Muslim world: rights based approach. Ed. Jibrin Ibrahim. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press, 2004, pp. 183–204. 2800. YELWA, M.I. & ADAMS, I. Chronicles of Sharia implementation in northern Nigeria: a critical appraisal. International Journal of Inno­ vation Social Science & Humanities Research, 2 iv (2014) pp. 75–86. 2801.

YUSUFARI, Mamman Lawan. Sharia implementation in Kano State. Paper presented at “The implementation of Sharia in a democracy: the Nigerian experience”. Centre for the Study of Islam and Democracy (CSID) and the Centre for Islamic Legal Studies, ABU Zaria Conference, Abuja, July 7–9, 2004.

2802. YUSUFARI, Mamman A. Lawan. The application of Islamic law in Nigeria. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 4 (1997)  pp. 201–209. 2803. ZAKARIYAH, Luqman. Confession and retraction: the application of Islamic legal maxims in Safiyyatu and Amina’s cases in Northern Nigeria. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 30 ii (2010) pp. 251–263. 2804. ZAKARIYAH, Luqman. Applications of legal maxims in Islamic criminal law with special reference to Sharīʿah law in Northern Nigeria (1999–2007). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wales, Lampeter 2009. 274 pp.

North Africa, Maghreb

291

North Africa, Maghreb 2805. BLEUCHOT, Hervé. La liberté religieuse dans le Maghreb indépendant. États, religions et liberté religieuse en Méditerranée. Histoire, actualité, prospectives. Actes du XVe colloque de l’Institut de droit et d’histoire religieux (IDHR) en collaboration avec l’Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth. Ed. Blandine Chelini-Pont. Aix-en-Provence: Presses universitaires d’Aix-Marseille, 2002, pp. 147–170. 2806. GRAY, Doris H. & CONNAN, Terry C. Reframing gender narratives through transitional justice in the Maghreb. Transitional justice in the Middle East and North Africa. Ed. Chandra Sriram. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 103–122. 2807. REISACHER, Evelyne. North African women and conversion: specifics of female faith and experience. From the straight path to the narrow way. Ed. David H. Greenlee. Waynesboro, VA: Authentic, 2005, pp. 109–123. 2808. TELLENBACH, Silvia. Gesellschaftliche Umbrüche in den Maghreb­ staaten im Spiegel des Strafrechts. Wuquf, 10–11 (1997), pp. 69–95.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey 2809. ACAR, Kezban. Procuring and trafficking in women in the late Ottoman Empire. Turcica, 48 (2017) pp. 271–299. 2810.

AKGÜNDÜZ, Ahmet. Islamic public law (documents on practice from the Ottoman archive). Rotterdam: Islamitische Universiteit Rotterdam Press, 2015. 734 pp.

2811.

AKGÜNDÜZ, Ahmet. Osmanlı kanunnāmeleri ve hukukī tahlilleri. Birinci kitap: Osmanlı hukuna giriş ve Fātih devri kanunāmeleri. Istanbul: Faysal Eğitim ve Yardimlaşma Vakfi, 1990. 710 pp.

2812.

AKGÜNDÜZ, Ahmet. 1274/1858 Tarihli Osmanlı ceza kanunnamesinin hukuki kaynakları tatbik şekli ve menʾ-i irtikab kanunnamesi. Belleten, 51 (1987) pp. 153–192.

292

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

2813.

ALEXANDER, John C. Brigandage and public order in the Morea 1685– 1806. Athens: n.p., 1985. 169 pp.

2814.

ALKAN, Necati. The Ottoman policy of correction of belief(s). Ottoman Sunnism: new perspectives. Ed. Vefa Erginbaş. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019, pp. 166–192.

2815.

ANTOV, Nikolay. Conversion, apostasy, and relations between Muslims and non-Muslims: fatwas of the Ottoman shaykh al-Islams. The empires of the Near East and India: source studies of the Safavid, Ottoman, and Mughal literate communities. Ed. Hani Khafipour. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019, pp. 32–54.

2816.

ASLAN, M. Yasin. Transformation of Turkish criminal law from the Ottoman-Islamic law to the civil law tradition. Ankara Bar Review, 2 (2009), pp. 92–98.

2817.

AYKAN, Yavuz. A legal concept in motion: the ‘spreader of corruption’ (sāʿī biʾl-fesād) from Qarakhanid to Ottoman jurisprudence. Islamic Law and Society, 26 iii (2019) pp. 252–271.

2818.

AYKUT, Ebru. Judicial reforms, Sharia law, and the death penalty in the late Ottoman Empire. Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association, 4 i (2017) pp. 7–29.

2819.

AYKUT, Ebru. Toxic murder, female poisoners, and the question of agency at the late Ottoman law courts, 1840–1908. Journal of Women’s History, 28 iii (2016) pp. 114–137.

2820. AYNUR, Hatice. A debate between opium, berş hashish, boza, wine and coffee; the use and perception of pleasurable substances among Ottomans. Journal of Turkish Studies, 31 i (2007) pp. 51–117. 2821.

AYOUB, Samy. The Mecelle, Sharia, and the Ottoman state: fashioning and refashioning of Islamic law in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Law and legality in the Ottoman empire and Republic of Turkey. Ed. Kent F. Schull, M. Safa Saraçoğlu, Robert Zens. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2016, pp. 129–155.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

293

2822. BAER, Marc. Death in the Hippodrome: sexual politics and legal culture in the reign of Mehmet IV. Past & Present, 210 (2011) pp. 61–91. 2823. BALDWIN, James E. Prostitution, Islamic law and Ottoman societies. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 55 (2012) pp. 117–152. 2824. BALSOY, Gülhan. Infanticide in nineteenth century Ottoman society. Middle Eastern Studies, 50 vi (2014) pp. 976–991. 2825. BALSOY, Gülhan. The politics of reproduction in Ottoman society, 1838– 1900. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2013. 180 pp. 2826. BARKEY, Karen. Bandits and bureaucrats: the Ottoman route to state centralization. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994. 304 pp. 2827. BAŞARAN, Betül. Selim III, social control and policing in Istanbul at the end of the eighteenth century. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2014. 281 pp. 2828. BAŞIBEK, Tuna. Tanzimat and penal modernity: the abolition of torture in the mid-nineteenth century. Istanbul: Libra, 2016. 139 pp. 2829. BELDICEANU, N. À propos d’un livre sur les lois pénales ottomanes. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 17 (1974) pp. 206–214. 2830. BUCKNILL, John A. Stratchey & UTIDJIAN, Haig Apisoghom S. (tr.). The imperial Ottoman Penal Code: a translation from the Turkish text, with latest addtions and amendments together with annotations and explanatory commentaries upon the text and containing an appendix dealing with the special amendments in force in Cyprus and the judicial decisions of the Cyprus courts. London: Oxford University Press, 1913. 243 pp. 2831.

BULUNUR, Kerim İlker. An honour killing in Aintab: the issue of killing fornicators in the Ottoman Empire. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 69 iii (2016) pp. 231–248.

294

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

2832. ÇALIŞIR, M. Fatih. Conversion and apostasy in the “Tanzimat state”: case of Selim Ağa. Tarih Okulu Dergisi/Journal of the History School, 5 (2009) pp. 111–121. 2833. ÇAYLI, Barış. The zones of fragility: outlaws and the forms of violence in the Ottoman Empire. Journal of Historical Sociology, 30 iv (2017) pp. 724–745. 2834. CAZACU, M. La mort infâme: décapitation et exposition des têtes à Istanbul (XVe–XIXe siècles). Les Ottomans et la mort: permanences et mutations. Ed. G. Veinstein. Leiden: Brill, 1996, pp. 245–289. 2835. ÇİÇEK, Kemal. Zimmis (non-Muslims) of Cyprus in the Sharia court: 1110/ 39 A.H./1698–1726 A.D. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Birmingham, 1992. 247 pp. 2836. ÇIĞDEM, Recep. Cannibalism as highlighted by a case from the Ottoman law court of Sofia, 1027/1618. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 64 iii (2011) pp. 287–303. 2837. ÇIĞDEM, Recep. Two judicial records of the Bakhchisaray law-court: a study of fornication. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 63 ii (2010) pp. 179–196. 2838. ÇIĞDEM, Recep. The judicial registers of Bakchisaray/Crimea law court. A study of murder crimes. Hamdard Islamicus, 28 iv (2005) pp. 41–53. 2839. CIN, Halil & AKGÜNDÜZ, Ahmet. Türk-İslām hukuk tarihi. 2 vols. Istanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 1990. 2840. COHEN, Amnon. Ritual murder accusations against the Jews during the days of Suleiman the Magnificent. Journal of Turkish Studies, 10 (1986) pp. 73–78. 2841.

COŞGEL, Metin M. & ERGENE, Boǧaç. The economics of Ottoman justice. Settlement and trial in the Sharia courts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 346 pp.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

295

2842. COŞGEL, Metin M. & ERGENE, Boǧaç & ETKES, Haggay & MICELI, Thomas J. Crime and punishment in Ottoman times: corruption and fines. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 43 iii (2013), pp. 353–376. 2843. DARLING, Linda T. Crime among the Janissaries in the Ottoman golden age. Ottoman war and peace: studies in honor of Virginia H. Aksan. Ed. Frank Castiglione, Ethan Menchinger, Veysel Şimşek. Leiden: Brill, 2020, pp. 13–34. 2844. DARLING, Linda T. Murder and mayhem in Ottoman Rumeli: local political relations in eighteenth-century Macedonia. Popular protest and political participation in the Ottoman Empire: studies in honor of Suraiya Faroqhi. Ed. Eleni Gara, M. Erdem Kabadayı, Christoph K. Neumann. Istanbul: İstanbul Bilgi University Press, 2011, pp. 177–195. 2845. DEMIRCI, Tuba. Women’s bodies, demography, and public health: abortion policy and perspectives in the Ottoman Empire of the nineteenth century. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 17 iii (2008) pp. 377–420. 2846. DERINGIL, Selim. Conversion and apostasy in the late Ottoman Empire. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 281 pp. 2847. DERINGIL, Selim. Redefining identities in the late Ottoman Empire: policies of conversion and apostasy. Imperial rule. Ed. Alexei Miller, Alfred J. Rieber. Budapest & New York: Central European University Press, 2004, pp. 107–130. 2848. DERINGIL, Selim. “There is no compulsion in religion”: on conversion and apostasy in the late Ottoman empire: 1839–1856. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 42 iii (2000) pp. 547–575. 2849. DOĞAN, Cem. Conflict and reconciliation in Ottoman criminal law: example of larceny in the modernization period (1839–1908). Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 2 ii (2015) pp. 94–107. 2850. DOĞAN, Hanzade. Abortion from the viewpoint of Islam and Ottomans. Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine, 8–9/15–16–17–18 (2009–2010) pp. 115–116.

296 2851.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

DÜZBAKAR, Ömer. Sexual crimes and punishments in the Ottoman Empire and examples from the Bursa shari’a court records of 17th century. Bulgarian Historical Review/Revue Bulgare d’Histoire, 42 i–ii (2014) pp. 104–121.

2852. DÜZBAKAR, Ömer. Bribery in Islam-Ottoman Penal Codes and examples from the Bursa Shariʿa court records of 18th century. Bilig: Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 51 (2009) pp. 55–84. 2853. DÜZBAKAR, Ömer. Abortion in the Islamic-Ottoman legal systems. Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine, 5 ix (2006) pp. 28–38. 2854. EICHMANN, F. Die Reformen des osmanischen Reiches mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Verhältnisses der Christen des Orients zur türki­ schen Herrschaft. Berlin: Verlag der Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, 1858. 461 pp. 2855. Ein syrischer Gerichtshof. Schreiben eines Engländers aus Beirut. Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes (Berlin), 69 (1858) pp. 273–274. 2856. EKMEKÇI, Perihan Elif. Abortion in Islamic ethics, and how it is perceived in Turkey: a secular, Muslim country. Journal of Religion and Health, 56 iii (2017) pp. 884–895. 2857. ERGENE, Boǧaç A. Why did Ümmü Gülsüm go to court? Ottoman legal practice between history and anthropology. Islamic Law and Society, 17 ii (2010) pp. 215–244. 2858. ERGENE, Boǧaç. Evidence in Ottoman courts: oral and written documentation in early-modern courts of Islamic law. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 124 iii (2004) pp. 471–491. 2859. FAROQHI, Suraiya. Crime, women, and wealth in the eighteenthcentury Anatolian countryside. Women in the Ottoman Empire: Middle Eastern women in the early modern era. Ed. M.C. Zilfi. Leiden: Brill, 1997, pp. 6–27.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

297

2860. FAROQHI, Suraiya. Coping with the state: political conflict and crime in the Ottoman Empire 1550–1720. Istanbul: The Isis Press, 1995. 206 pp. 2861.

FAROQHI, Suraiya. Räuber, Rebellen und Obrigkeit im osmanischen Anatolien. Periplus, 3 (1993) pp. 31–46.

2862. FAROQHI, Suraiya. Counterfeiting in Ankara. Turkish Studies Associa­ tion Bulletin, 15 ii (1991) pp. 281–292. 2863. FITZGERALD, Timothy J. Murder in Aleppo: Ottoman conquest and the struggle for justice in the early sixteenth century. Journal of Islamic Studies, 27 ii (2016) pp. 176–215. 2864. GARA, Eleni. Neomartyr without a message. Archivum Ottomanicum, 23/2005–06 (2006) pp. 155–175. 2865. GEORGEON, François. Ottomans and drinkers: the consumption of alcohol in Istanbul in the nineteenth century. Outside in: on the margins of the modern Middle East. Ed. Eugene Rogan. London & Strasbourg: I.B. Tauris, in association with The European Science Foundation, 2002, pp. 7–30. 2866. GERBER, Haim. State, society and law in Islam: Ottoman law in comparative perspective. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994. 233 pp. 2867. GINIO, Eyal. Patronage, intervention and violence in the legal process in eighteenth-century Salonica and its province. Law, custom and statute in the Muslim world: studies in honor of Aharon Layish. Ed. Ron Shaham. Leiden: Brill, 2007, pp. 111–130. 2868. GINIO, Eyal. The administration of criminal justice in Ottoman Selânik (Salonica) during the eighteenth century. Turcica, 30 (1998) pp. 185–210. 2869. GÖKÇEN, Ahmet. Tanzimat dönemi Osmanlı ceza kanunları ve bu kanunlardaki ceza müeyyidleri. Istanbul: A. Gökçen, 1989. 174 pp. 2870. GÖYÜNÇ, Nejat. Osmanlı ceza hukuku ile ilgili belgeler. Belgelerle Türk Tarihi Dergisi, 1 iii (1967) pp. 40–42.

298 2871.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

GRADEVA, Rositsa. Apostasy in Rumeli in the middle of the sixteenth century. Arab Historical Review for Ottoman Studies/Al-Majallah al-Tārīkhīyah al-ʿArabīyah li-l-Dirāsāt al-ʿUthmānīyah, 22 (2000) pp. 39–71.

2872. GRIGNASCHI, Mario. La valeur du témoignage des sujets non-Musulmans (dhimmi) dans l’empire ottoman. La preuve. Vol. III, Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin pour l’histoire comparative des institutions. Bruxelles: Société Jean Bodin pour l’histoire comparative des institutions, 1963, pp. 211–323. 2873. HEINZELMANN, Tobias. The ruler’s monologue: the rhetoric of the Ottoman Penal Code of 1858. Die Welt des Islams, 54 iii/iv (2014) pp. 292–321. 2874.

HENIA, Abdelhamid. Prisons et prisonniers à Tunis vers 1762: système répressif et inégalités sociales. Revue d’Histoire Maghrébine/Al-Majallah al-Tārīkhīyah al-Maghāribīyah, 10/31–32 (1983) pp. 223–252.

2875. HEYD, Uriel & MÉNAGE, V.L. (ed.). Studies in old Ottoman criminal law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973. 340 pp. 2876. HEYD, Uriel. Ḳānūn and Sharīʿa in old Ottoman criminal justice. Proceedings of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 3 i (1967)  pp. 1–18. 2877. HEYD, Uriel. Qānūn and sharīʿa in Ottoman criminal justice before the tanẓīmāt. Proceedings of the twenty-sixth International Congress of Orientalists, New Delhi, 4th–10th January, 1964. Ed. R.N. Dandekar. Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1970, vol. 4. 2878. HEYWOOD, Colin. An unsolved murder in the Marmara (notes on Bodl. MS. Turk. d. 32). Studies in Ottoman history in honour of Professor V.L. Ménage. Ed. C. Heywood, C. Imber. Istanbul: Isis, 1994, pp. 91–105. 2879. HICKOK, Michael. Homicide in Ottoman Bosnia. The Ottoman Balkans, 1750–1830. Ed. Frederick F. Anscombe. Princeton: Markus Wiener, 2006, pp. 35–59.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

299

2880. HICKOK, Michael. Homicide investigations in Ottoman Bosnia: the tension between legality and stability. International Journal of Turkish Studies, 10 i–ii (2004) pp. 205–224. 2881.

HORSTER, Paul. Zur Anwendung des islamischen Rechts im 16. Jahr­ hundert: die juridischen Darlegungen (maʿruzat) des Schejch ül-Islam Ebu Suʿud. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1935. 112 pp.

2882. HOSAINY, Hadi. Ottoman legal practice and non-judicial actors in seventeenth-century Istanbul. Law and legality in the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey. Ed. Kent F. Schull, M. Safa Saraçoğlu, Robert Zens. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2016, pp. 26–42. 2883. İLERI, Nurçin. Between the real and the imaginary: late Ottoman Istanbul as a crime scene. Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association, 4 i (2017) pp. 95–116. 2884. IMBER, Colin, Ebuʾs-Suʾud: the Islamic legal tradition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997. 288 pp. 2885. IMBER, Colin. Studies in Ottoman history and law. Istanbul: Isis, 1996. 337 pp. 2886. IMBER Colin. Why you should poison your husband: a note on liability in Ḥanafī law in the Ottoman period. Islamic Law and Society, 1 ii (1994) pp. 206–216. 2887. IMBER, Colin. Zina in Ottoman law. Contributions à l’histoire économique et sociale de l’Empire ottoman. Institut Français d’Etudes Anatoliennes et d’Istanbul and L’Association pour le Développe­ ment des Etudes Turques, Paris, Collection Turcica, 3. Ed. Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont, Paul Dumont. Leuven: Peeters, 1983, pp. 186–187. 2888. İNALCIK, Halil. A report on the corrupt Ḳāḍīs under Bayezid II. Studia Ottomanica: Festgabe für György Hazai zum 65. Geburtstag. Ed. B. Kellner-Heinkele, P. Zieme. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1997, pp. 75–86. 2889. İNALCIK, Halil. Tax collection, embezzlement, and bribery in Ottoman finances. Turkish Studies Association Bulletin, 15 ii (1991) pp. 327–346.

300

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

2890. JACOB, G. Türkische Sittenpolizei im 16. Jahrhundert. Der Islam, 11 (1921) pp. 254–259. 2891.

JAENECKE, Wilhelm. Die Grundprobleme des türkischen Strafrechts. Eine rechtsvergleichende Darstellung. Berlin: J. Guttentag Verlagsbuch­ handlung, 1918. [Reprint Berlin: De Gruyter, 2018, 165 pp.]

2892. JÄSCHKE, G. Ein osmanisches Verbot des Tscharschaf. Die Welt des Islams, 3 (1953–1954) pp. 46–48. 2893. JENNINGS, Ronald C. Limitations of the judicial powers of the kadi in 17th c. Ottoman Kayseri. Studia Islamica, 50 (1979) pp. 151–184. 2894. JENNINGS, Ronald C. Kadi, court, and legal procedure in 17th c. Ottoman Kayseri. Studia Islamica, 48 (1978) pp. 133–172. 2895. JENNINGS, Ronald. Zimmis in early 17th century Ottoman judicial records: the Sharia court of Anatolian Kayseri. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 21 (1978) pp. 225–293. 2896. KALKAN, İbrahim Halil. Between medicine and honor: the legal ban on torture in the Ottoman Empire, 1840–1858. Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association, 4 i (2017) pp. 31–53. 2897. KERMELI, Eugenia. Sin and the sinner: folles femmes in Ottoman Crete. Eurasian Studies, 1 i (2002) pp. 85–96. 2898. KOCATÜRK, Önder. Two different cases in the Ottoman police department: the story of British police inspector Mr. Nolan and the murder of Captain Butterworth. International Review of Turkology, 4 vii (2011) pp. 21–32. 2899. KÖHBACH, M. Ein Fall von Steinigung wegen Ehebruch in Istanbul im Jahre 1680. Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 76 (1986) pp. 187–192. 2900. KRIMSTI, Feras. Disciplining disobedient subjects: the punishment of Aleppo’s insurgents in 1850 as a contentious issue. Aleppo and its hinterland in the Ottoman period/Alep et sa province à l’époque ottomane. Ed. Stefan Winter, Mafalda Ade. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2020, pp. 204–228.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

2901.

301

KROKIDAS, Panagiotis. Love in Crete in the time of Mehmet Ali, 1830– 1834. Forms and institutions of justice. Legal actions in Ottoman contexts. Ed. Yavuz Aykan, Işık Tamdoğan. Istanbul: Institut français d’études anatoliennes, 2018, pp. 65–75.

2902. LANGE, Christian. Changes in the office of ḥisba under the Seljuqs. The Seljuqs: politics, society and culture. Ed. Christian Lange, Songül Mecit. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011, pp. 157–181. 2903. MILLER, Ruth A. Legislating authority: sin and crime in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. New York: Routledge, 2013. 198 pp. 2904. MILLER, Ruth A. Politicizing reproduction in comparative perspective: Ottoman, Turkish, and French approaches to abortion law. Hawwa, 5 i (2007) pp. 73–89. 2905. MILLER, Ruth Austin. Apostates and bandits: religious and secular interaction in the administration of late Ottoman criminal law. Studia Islamica, 97 (2003) pp. 155–178. 2906. MILLER, Ruth Austin. From fikh to fascism: the Turkish republican adoption of Mussolini’s Criminal Code in the context of late Ottoman legal reform. Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 2003. 254 pp. 2907. MUMCU, Ahmet. Osman devletinde siyaseten katl. Ankara Üniversitesi, Hukuk Fakültesi yayinlarindan, No. 180. Ankara, 1963. 2908. MUMCU, Ahmet. Osmanlı hukukunda zulüm kavramı. Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Yayınları, 1985. 2909. MURRAY, S.O. Homosexuality among slave elites in Ottoman Turkey. Islamic homosexualities: culture, history, and literature. Ed. S.O. Murray & W. Roscoe, with additional contributions by E. Allyn et al. New York: New York University Press, 1997, pp. 174–186. 2910.

MURRAY, S.O. Male homosexuality in Ottoman Albania. Islamic homosexualities: culture, history, and literature. Ed. S.O. Murray & W. Roscoe, with additional contributions by E. Allyn et al. New York: New York University Press, 1997, pp. 187–196.

302

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

2911.

MUTAF, Abdülmecid. Amicable settlement in Ottoman law: sulh system. Turcica, 36 (2004) pp. 125–140.

2912.

NORD, Erich (tr.) Das Türkische Strafgesetzbuch vom 28. Zilhidje 1274 (9. August 1858) mit Novelle vom 6. Djemazi-ül-achyr 1329 (1. April 1911) und den wichtigsten Strafnebengesetzen. Berlin: J. Guttentag, 1912. 107 pp.

2913.

NUGAY, Kübra & KAHRAMAN, Abdullah. The transformation of Ottoman criminal law in the 19th century: the example of crime of complicity. ULUM: Journal of Religious Inquiries/Dini Tetkikler Dergisi, 2 i (2019) pp. 103–120.

2914.

OPWIS, Felicitas. Shifting legal authority from the ruler to the ʿulamāʾ: rationalizing the punishment for drinking wine during the Saljūq period. Der Islam, 86 i/2009 (2011) pp. 65–92.

2915.

ÖZBEK, Nadir. Policing the countryside: gendarmes of the late 19th-entury Ottoman Empire (1876–1908). International Journal of Middle East Studies, 40 (2008) pp. 46–67.

2916.

ÖZKORAY, Hayri Gökşin. From persecution to (potential) emancipation. Female slaves and legal violations in Ottoman Istanbul according to court registers (16th–17th centuries). Hawwa, 17 ii–iii (2019) pp. 257–280.

2917.

PADEL, Wilhelm (tr.). Die ottomanische Strafprozessordnung, veröffent­ licht auf Iradé vom 5. Redscheb 1296 (25. Juni 1879). Berlin: Guttentag, 1905. 74 pp.

2918.

PAZ, Omri. Documenting justice: new recording practices and the establishment of an activist criminal court system in the Ottoman provinces (1840–late 1860s). Islamic Law and Society, 21 i–ii (2014) pp. 81–113.

2919.

PEIRCE, Leslie. Morality tales: law and gender in the Ottoman court of Aintab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. 460 pp.

2920. PEIRCE, Leslie P. Le dilemme de Fatma. Crime sexuel et culture juridique dans une cour ottomane au début des temps modernes. Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 53 ii (1998) pp. 291–319.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

2921.

303

PENNELL, Richard & SAEED, Abdullah. Words into texts: justice politics and the written record at a trial in Tunis in 1844. Islamic Law and Society, 22 iv (2015) pp. 375–412.

2922. RAFEQ, Abdul-Karim. Public morality in 18th century Damascus. Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée, 55/56 (1990) pp. 180–196. 2923. REINDL-KIEHL, Hedda. Luxury, power strategies, and the question of corruption: gifting in the Ottoman elite (16th–18th century). Şehrâyîn: die Welt der Osmanen, die Osmanen in der Welt: Wahrnehmungen, Begegnungen und Abgrenzungen. Festschrift Hans Georg Majer. Ed. Yavuz Köse (with Tobias Völker). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2012, pp. 107–120. 2924. REINDL-KIEHL, Hedda. “On Monday the bread of the baker Malčo has to be written.” Property, maintenance, market and crime in the early 17th-century court of Küstendil. Arab Historical Review for Ottoman Studies/Al-Majallah al-Tārīkhīyah al-ʿArabīyah li-l-Dirāsār al-ʿUthmānīyah, 19–20 (1999) pp. 429–454. 2925. REINKOWSKI, Maurus. Der Eid bei den Osmanen. Strukturelle Zwänge—Persönliche Freiheiten. Osmanen, Türken, Muslime: Refle­ xionen zu gesellschaftlichen Umbrüchen. Gedenkband zu Ehren Petra Kapperts. Ed. Hendrik Fenz. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter (Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients, 21), 2009, pp. 297–322. 2926. REINKOWSKI, Maurus. Gewohnheitsrecht im multinationalen Staat: Die Osmanen und der albanische Kanun. Rechtspluralismus in der Islamischen Welt: Gewohnheitsrecht zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft. Ed. Michael Kemper, Maurus Reinkowski. Berlin & New York: de Gruyter, 2005, pp. 121–142. 2927. REPP, Richard. Qanun and Shariʿa in the Ottoman context. Islamic law: social and historical contexts. Ed. A. Al-Azmeh. London: Routledge, 1988, pp. 124–146. 2928. SALGIRLI, Saygin. Architectural anatomy of an Ottoman execution. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 72 iii (2013) pp. 301–321.

304

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

2929. SARIYANNIS, Marinos. Prostitution in Ottoman Istanbul, late sixteenthearly eighteenth century. Turcica, 40 (2008) pp. 37–65. 2930. SARIYANNIS, Marinos. Law and morality in Ottoman society: the case of narcotic substances. The Ottoman Empire, the Balkans, the Greek lands: toward a social and economic history. Studies in honor of John C. Alexander. Ed. Elias Kolovos et al. Istanbul: Isis, 2007, pp. 307–321. 2931.

SARIYANNIS, Marinos. “Neglected trades”: glimpses into the 17th century Istanbul underworld. Turcica, 38 (2006) pp. 155–179.

2932. SCHIFFER, R. Silken cords: Ottoman justice in the eyes of 19th century British travellers. Materialia Turcica, 16 (1990) pp. 1–24. 2933. SCHIFFER, Reinhold. Halsabschneider und Biedermänner: Piraten und Banditen in den Berichten europäischer Reisender in die Türkei des 19. Jahrhunderts. Materialia Turcica, 13 (1987) pp. 81–108. 2934. SCHULL, Kent F. Criminal codes, crime, and the transformation of punishment in the late Ottoman Empire. Law and legality in the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey. Ed. Kent F. Schull, M. Safa Saraçoğlu, Robert Zens. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2016, pp. 156–178. 2935. SCHULL, Kent F. & SARAÇOĞLU, M. Safa & ZENS, Robert W. (eds.). Law and legality in the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2016. 304 pp. 2936. SCHULL, Kent F. Comparative criminal justice in the era of modernity: a template for inquiry and the Ottoman Empire as case study. Turkish Studies, 15 iv (2014) pp. 621–637. 2937. SCHULL, Kent. Prisons in the late Ottoman Empire: microcosms of modernity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014. 226 pp. 2938. SCHULL, Kent F. Penal institutions, nation-state construction, and modernity in the late Ottoman Empire, 1908–1919. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 2007. 307 pp.

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

305

2939. SELLE, Friedrich. Prozeßrecht des 16. Jahrhunderts im osmanischen Reich: auf Grund von Fetwas der Scheichülislame Ebüssuud und anderer unter der Regierung des Sultans Süleiman des Prächtigen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1962. 112 pp. 2940. SEMERDJIAN, Elyse. ‘Because he is so tender and pretty’: sexual deviance and heresy in eighteenth-century Aleppo. Social Identities, 18 ii (2012) pp. 175–199. 2941.

SEMERDJIAN, Elyse. “Off the straight path”. Illicit sex, law, and community in Ottoman Aleppo. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2008. 247 pp.

2942. SEMERDJIAN, Elyse. Gender violence in kanunnames and fetvas of the sixteenth century. Beyond the exotic: women’s histories in Islamic societies. Ed. Amira el-Azhary Sonbol. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Univer­ sity Press, 2005, pp. 180–197; pp. 421–424. 2943. SEMERDJIAN, Elyse. Sinful professions: illegal occupations of women in Ottoman Aleppo, Syria. Hawwa: Journal of Women of the Middle East and the Islamic World, 1 i (2003) pp. 60–85. 2944. SINGER, Amy. Marriages and misdemeanors: a record of resm-i ʿarus ve bād-i havā. Princeton Papers. Interdisciplinary Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 4 (1996) pp. 113–152. 2945. SUBAŞI, Turgut. The apostasy question in the context of AngloOttoman relations, 1843–1844. Middle Eastern Studies, 38 ii (2002), pp. 1–34. 2946. TAMDOĞAN, Işik. The Ottoman political community in the process of justice making in the 18th century Adana. Forms and institutions of justice. Legal actions in Ottoman contexts. Ed. Yavuz Aykan, Işık Tamdoğan. Istanbul: Institut français d’études anatoliennes, 2018, pp. 9–18. 2947. TAMDOĞAN, Işık. Sulh and the 18th century Ottoman courts of Ü sküdar and Adana. Islamic Law and Society, 15 (2008) pp. 55–83.

306

Ottoman Empire, Seljuks, Turkey

2948. TAMDOĞAN, Işık. Le nezir ou les relations des bandits et des nomades avec l’Etat dans la Çukurova du 18e siècle. Sociétés rurales ottomanes. Ed. A. Mohammad. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2005, pp. 259–270. 2949. TIKRITI, Nabil Al-. Kalam in the service of state. Apostasy and the defining of Ottoman Islamic identity. Legitimizing the order: the Ottoman rhetoric of state power. Ed. Hakan T. Karateke, Maurus Reinkowski. Leiden: Brill, 2005, pp. 131–149. 2950. TOFT, Amir Armon. Revaluing the price of blood: homicide in Islamic jurisprudence and Ottoman law. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 2020. 391 pp. 2951.

TOLEDANO, Ehud R. The legislative process in the Ottoman Empire in the early Tanzimat period: a footnote. International Journal of Turkish Studies, 11 ii (1980) pp. 99–108.

2952. TUCKER, Judith E. In the house of the law: gender and Islamic law in Ottoman Syria and Palestine. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. 232 pp. 2953. TUĞ, Başak. Politics of honor in Ottoman Anatolia. Sexual violence and socio-legal surveillance in the the eighteenth century. Leiden & Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2017. 290 pp. 2954. TUĞ, Başak. Politics of honor: The institutional and social frontiers of llicit sex in mid-eighteenth-century Ottoman Anatolia. Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 2009. 428 pp. 2955. WALPOLE, Charles George (tr.). The Ottoman Penal Code, 28 zilhijeh 1274 (1858). London: W. Clowes & Sons, 1888. 133 pp. 2956. WHITE, Joshua M. Piracy and law in the Ottoman Mediterranean. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018. 355 pp. 2957. WINTER, Michael. Ottoman qāḍīs in Damascus during the 16th– 18th centuries. Law, custom, and statute in the Muslim world: studies in honor of Aharon Layish. Ed. Ron Shaham. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2007, pp. 87–109.

Pakistan

307

2958. YILMAZ, Fikret. The line between fornication and prostitution: the prostitute versus the subaşi (police chief). Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 69 iii (2016) pp. 249–264. 2959. YILMAZ, Mehmet Şakir. Crime and punishment in the imperial historiography of Süleyman the Magnificent: an evaluation of Nişanci Celālzāde’s view. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 60 iv (2007) pp. 427–445. 2960. YOUNG, G. Corps de droit ottoman: recueil des codes, lois, règlements, ordonnances et actes les plus importants du droit intérieur et d’études sur le droit coutumier de l’Empire Ottoman. 7 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905–1906. 2961.

ZARINEBAF, Fariba. Crime and punishment in Istanbul: 1700–1800. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011. 287 pp.

2962. ZEʾEVI, Dror. Changes in legal-sexual discourses: sex crimes in the Ottoman Empire. Continuity and Change 16 ii (2001) pp. 219–242.

Pakistan 2963. ABBAS, Shemeem Burney. Pakistan’s blasphemy laws. From Islamic empires to the Taliban. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013. 222 pp. 2964. ABENANTE, Diego. Islamizzazione e statuto delle minoranze religiose nelle costituzioni del Pakistan. Tradizione e religione in alcuni ordinamenti contemporanei. Ed. Serena Baldin. Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2005, pp. 65–89. 2965. ABUBAKAR, Musa Usman. Gender justice and Islamic laws of homicide and bodily hurt of Pakistan and Nigeria: a critical examination. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Warwick, 2012. 427 pp. 2966. AFSHAN, J. Women, Islam and the state in Pakistan. Gender issues, 22 i (2005) pp. 35–55. 2967. AHMAD, Anis. Women as witness: an Islamic perspective. Pakistan between secularism and Islam: ideology, issues & conflict. Ed. Tarik Jan et al. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 1998, pp. 275–287.

308

Pakistan

2968. AHMAD, Muhammad Mushtaq. Pakistani blasphemy law between ḥadd and siyāsah: a plea for reappraisal of the Ismail Qureshi case. Islamic Studies, 57 (2018) pp. 9–43. 2969. AHMAD, Muhammad Mushtaq. The doctrine of siyāsah in the Ḥanafī criminal law and its relevance for the Pakistani legal system. Islamic Studies, 52 i (2013) pp. 29–55. 2970. AHMAD, Nausheen. The position of women with reference to the Pakistani criminal justice system. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies: Alam-e-Niswan, 1 i (1994) pp. 57–63. 2971.

AHMAD, Nausheen. The superior judiciary: the implementation of law and impact on women. Shaping women’s lives. Ed. Farida Shaheed, Sohail Warraich, Cassandra Balchin, Aisha Gazdar. Lahore: Shirkat Gah, 1998, pp. 3–28.

2972. AHMAR, Moonis. Interrelationships between the formal and informal justice in Pakistan. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 593–606. 2973. AHMED, Adnan & GULRAJANI, Chinmoi. Pakistan’s blasphemy laws and the role of forensic psychiatrists. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 48 i (2020) pp. 105–109. 2974. AHMED, Asad Ali. The languages of truth: saints, judges and the fraudulent in a Pakistani court. Outrage. The rise of religious offence in contemporary South Asia. Ed. Paul Rollier, Kathinka Frøystad, Arild Engelsen Ruud. New York: Routledge, 2019, pp. 178–207. 2975. AHMED, Asad Ali. Specters of Macaulay: blasphemy, the Indian Penal Code, and Pakistan’s postcolonial predicament. Censorship in South Asia. Cultural regulation from sedition to seduction. Ed. Raminder Kaur, William Mazzarella. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009, pp. 172–205. 2976. AHMED, Naveed. The legitimacy of forensic evidence in criminal justice system of Pakistan. Journal of Islamic State Practices in Inter­ national Law, 12 ii (2016) pp. 73–84.

Pakistan

309

2977. ALAM, Muhammad Qadeer. Capital punishment in South Asia (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh): a legal analysis. Ph.D. dissertation, Middlesex University, 2017. 269 pp. 2978. ALI, Rabia. The dark side of ‘honor’. Lahore: Shirkat Gah, 2001. 49 pp. 2979. ALI, Shaheen Sardar. Estrategias interpretativas para los derechos de la mujer en un marco legal diverso. Indagación sobre las respuestas judiciales y estatales a las leyes hudud en Pakistán. La emergencia del feminismo islámico: selección de ponencias del Primer y Segundo Congreso Internacional de Feminismo Islámico. Barcelona: Oozebap, 2008, pp. 255–280. 2980. ALI, Shaheen Sardar. “Sigh of the oppressed”? “Islamisation” of laws in Pakistan under Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal: the case of the North West Frontier Province. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 10 (2006) pp. 107–125. 2981.

ALI, Shaheen Sardar & ARIF, Kamran. Parallel judicial systems in Pakistan and consequences for human rights. Shaping women’s lives. Ed. Farida Shaheed, Sohail Warraich, Cassandra Balchin, Aisha Gazdar. Lahore: Shirkat Gah, 1998, pp. 29–60.

2982. AMIN, Mohammad. Islamization of laws in Pakistan. Lahore: Sang-eMeel Publishers, 1989. 257 pp. 2983. ASHRAF, Sana. Honour, purity and transgression: understanding blasphemy accusations and consequent violent action in Punjab, Pakistan. Contemporary South Asia, 26 i (2018) pp. 51–68. 2984. ASHRAF, Sana. Moral anxiety in the ‘Land of the Pure’: popular justice and anti-blasphemy violence in Pakistan. Ph.D. dissertation, The Australian National University, 2019. 238 pp. 2985. AULAKH, Abdul Majeed. Criminal justice in Pakistan. Lahore: Imran Law Book House, 2011. 681 pp. 2986. AULAKH, Abdul Majeed. Principles of criminology with Islamic perspectives in Pakistan’s context. Lahore: Imran Law Book House, 2009. 354 pp.

310

Pakistan

2987. AULAKH, Abdul Majeed & KHAN, Rana Abdul Razzaq. Crime & criminology: a comparative study in the context of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Rawalpindi: Federal Law House, 2005. 515 pp. 2988. AUOLAKH, Abdul Majeed Ahmed. Police management and law enforcement in Pakistan. Lahore: S & S Publishers, 1999. 460 pp. 2989. AUOLAKH, Ch. Abdul Majeed A. Criminal justice: crime, punishment and treatment in Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Lahore: Pak Muslim Academy, 1986. 316 pp. 2990. AWAN, Ambrin Tariq. The Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 with new Islamic (hudood) laws, 1979 with Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amend­ ment) Act, 2006. Lahore: Eastern Law Book House, 2014. 784 pp. 2991.

AWAN, Ambrin Tariq. Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act, 2006 with new Islamic hudood laws. Lahore: Irfan Law Book House, 2012. 353 pp.

2992. BADRY, Roswitha. The dilemma of “blasphemy laws” in Pakistan— symptomatic of unsolved problems in the post-colonial period? Politeja, 59 ii (2019) pp. 91–106. 2993. BAJWA, Aftab Ahmed. Manual of hudood laws. Lahore: Nadeem Law Book House, 2006. 552 pp. 2994. BANU, U.A.B. Razi Akter. Hudud law: an experience in Pakistan and prospects in Malaysia. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 41 i (1996) pp. 1–32. 2995. BARENDS, Maarten G. Shariʿa in Pakistan. Radical Islam’s rules: the worldwide spread of extreme Shariʿa law. Ed. Paul Marshall. Lanham, MD etc.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005, pp. 65–85. 2996. BOHLANDER, Michael. ‘There is no compulsion in religion’. Freedom of religion, responsibility to protect (R2P) and crimes against humanity at the example of the Islamic blasphemy laws of Pakistan. Journal of State Practices in International Law, 8 i (2012) pp. 36–66.

Pakistan

311

2997. BOHLANDER, Michael. The application of Islamic criminal law in Pakistan, Sharia in practice. International Criminal Law Review, 9 (2009) pp. 858–859. 2998. BOKHARY, Ashfaq. Law relating to hudood cases: amended-up-to-date. Lahore: Khyber Law Publishers, 1992. 472 pp. 2999. BOUMA, C. Pakistan’s Islamization 1977–1988: the Zia era in retrospect. al-Mushir, 31 (1989) pp. 9–27. 3000. BOUTRUCHE, Sabine Saliba & KHOSO, Abdullah. End inhuman sentencing of children in Pakistan. A report and advocacy toolkit. Islamabad: Child Rights Information Network (CRIN), 2011. 66 pp. 3001. BREDI, Daniela. I sistemi giuridici non sunniti: l’islamizzazione del diritto e l’alternativa ja’afarita in Pakistan. Annali di Ca’ Foscari, 35 iii (1996) pp. 313–333. 3002. BREDI, Daniela. Considerations about the promulgation of the Pakistan ordinance on qisas and diya (no. vii of 1990). Annali di Ca’ Foscari, 31 iii (1992) pp. 135–160. 3003. BUBB, Rachel. Reform of the Pakistani rape law: a move forward or backward? Journal of Gender, Race and Justice, 11 i (2007) pp. 67–92. 3004. BURFAT, Fateh Muhammad & AHMED, Abdul Razzaq. The juvenile system in Pakistan. Delinquency and juvenile justice systems in the non-Western world. Ed. Paul C. Friday, Xin Ren. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press 2006, pp. 163–188. 3005. BURKI, Shireen Khan. The politics of misogyny: general Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization of Pakistan’s legal system. Contemporary Justice Review. Issues in Criminal, Social, and Restorative Justice, 19 i (2016) pp. 103–119. 3006. BURNEY, Samya. Crime or custom? Violence against women in Pakistan. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1999. 143 pp. 3007. BUTT, Liaqat Ali. Exhaustive with uptodate case-laws commentries on the Qanun-e-Shahadat order, 1984: 10 of 1984. Lahore: Eastern Law Book House, 2008. 938 pp.

312

Pakistan

3008. CASHMAN, Danette C. Negotiating gender: a comparison of rape law in Canada, Finland and Pakistan. Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies, 9 (2000) pp. 120–187. 3009. CECCHERINI, Valérie. Rape and the prophet. Index on Censorship, 28 i/186 (1999) pp. 19–26. 3010. CHADBOURNE, Julie Dror. Never wear your shoes after midnight: legal trend under the Pakistan Zina Ordinance. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 17 ii (1999) pp. 179–280. 3011.

Chart of customary practices in Pakistan in comparison with statutory law. Lahore: Shirkat Gah & Women Living Under Muslim Laws, 1995.

3012.

CHAUDHRY, M.A.K. Policing in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard, 1997. 324 pp.

3013.

CHAUDHRY, Sidra. Portrayal of the blasphemy cases in the U.S. and Pakistani print media: a content analysis of the selected blasphemy cases from 2009 to 2011 in New York Times, Washington Post, The News and The Nation. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research (PJIR), 13 (2014) pp. 31–50.

3014.

CHEEMA, Moeen H. Beyond beliefs: deconstructing the dominant narratives of the Islamization of Pakistan’s law. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 60 iv (2012) pp. 875–917.

3015.

CHEEMA, Moeen H. & MUSTAFA, Abdul-Rahman. From the Hudood Ordinances to the Protection of Women Act: Islamic critiques of the hudood laws of Pakistan. UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, 8 (2009) pp. 1–48.

3016.

CHEEMA, Moeen. Judicial patronage of ‘honor killings’ in Pakistan: The Supreme Court’s persistent adherence to the doctrine of grave and sudden provocation. Buffalo Human Rights Law Review, 14 iii (2008) pp. 51–69.

3017.

CHEEMA, Moeen. Cases and controversies: pregnancy as proof of guilt under Pakistan’s hudood laws. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 32 i (2006) pp. 121–160.

Pakistan

313

3018.

CHOHAN, M.K. Islamic hudood laws in Pakistan. Lahore: Khyber Law Publishers, 2004. 208 pp.

3019.

COLLINS, D.P. Islamization of Pakistan law: a historical perspective. Stanford Journal of International Law, 24 (1987) pp. 511–584.

3020. The concept of justice in Islam: qisas and diyat law. Islamabad: National Commission on the Status of Women, 2005. 49 pp. 3021.

CORICELLI, Michel. Asia Bibi, Malala e le altre: storie di donne nella “Terra dei puri”. Cinisello Balsamo: San Paolo, 2014. 149 pp.

3022. CROFFIE, Samantha. Duty of faith? The evolution of Pakistani rape laws and possibility for non-domestic redress for victims. Emory International Law Review, 30 (2016) pp. 565–595. 3023. ELTAYEB, Mohamed S.M. A human rights approach to combating religious persecution: cases from Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. Antwerp: Intersentia, 2001. 245 pp. 3024. ENGINEER, Asghar Ali. The law of blasphemy and the Rahmat Masih case. Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies, 14 i–ii (1995) pp. 48–54. 3025. ESPOSITO, John L. Perspectives on Islamic law reform: the case of Pakistan. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 13 (1980) pp. 217–245. 3026. FAHEEM, Sh. Mohammad & PIRZADA, M. Asif Hameed & BHUTTA, Mian Masaud Ahmad. 13-year’s digest on Hudood laws, 1992. Lahore: Kashmir Law Times, 1992. 566 pp. 3027. FARANI, Merajuddin. Criminal major acts. Lahore: Lahore Law Times Publications, 2005. 1510 pp. 3028. FAROOQ, Muhammad & AKBAR, Muqarrab & IDREES, Muhammad. Perception of religious leaders towards suicide bombing in Pakistan: a case study of Faisalabad city. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research (PJIR), 17 ii (2016) pp. 75–86.

314

Pakistan

3029. FASIHUDDIN. Criminology and criminal justice system in Pakistan. Handbook of Asian Criminology. Ed. Jianhong Liu, Bill Hebenton, Susyan Jou. New York: Springer, 2013, pp. 247–281. 3030. FORTE, David F. Apostasy and blasphemy in Pakistan. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 10 (1994) pp. 27–68. 3031.

FREMBGEN, Jürgen Wasim. Honour, shame, and bodily mutilation. Cutting off the nose among tribal societies in Pakistan. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 16 iii (2006) pp. 243–260.

3032. GABRIEL, Theodore. Christian citizens in an Islamic state: the Pakistan experience. Aldershot etc.: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008. 118 pp. 3033. GAUHAR, Altaf. A shourt course in blasphemy. Index on Censorship, 24 iii (1995) pp. 99–105. 3034. GHĀMIDĪ, Javed Aḥmad. Punishment for blasphemy against the Prophet (sws). Renaisssance: A Monthly Islamic Journal, 21 iii (2011) pp. 3–4. 3035. GHIAS, Shoaib A. Defining Shariʿa. The politics of Islamic judicial review. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2015. 288 pp. 3036. GIUNCHI, Elisa. Islamization and judicial activism in Pakistan: what Šarīʿah? Oriente Moderno, 93 i (2013) pp. 188–204. 3037. GIUNCHI, Elisa. Ritorno alla shariʿa e prassi sociale: i reati sessuali in Pakistan. Sociologia del Diritto, 1 (2005) pp. 107–136. 3038. GIUNCHI, Elisa. Il giudice pakistano tra shariʿa e common law. Un giudice e due leggi. Ed. Mario G. Losano. Milano: Giuffrè, 2004, pp. 229–263. 3039. GIUNCHI, Elisa. Radicalismo islamico e condizione femminile in Pakistan. Torino: L’Harmattan Italia, 1999. 154 pp. 3040. GIUNCHI, Elisa. Il processo di Islamizzazione in Pakistan: 1977–1993. Il Politico, 60 iii (1995) pp. 521–538.

Pakistan

3041.

315

GIUNCHI, Elisa. The enforcement of the Zinā Ordinance by the Federal Shariat Court in the period 1980–1990, and its impact on women. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge, 1994. 310 pp.

3042. GONZALEZ, Wendy. Karo Kari: honor killing. Buffalo Women’s Law Journal, 9 (2000) pp. 22–25. 3043. GOTTESMAN, Evan. The reemergence of qisas and diyat in Pakistan. Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 23 ii (1992) pp. 433–461. 3044. GREEN, Tim. Factors affecting attitudes to apostasy in Pakistan, M.A. thesis, University of London (SOAS), 1998. 3045. HAERI, Shahla. Woman’s body, nation’s honor: rape in Pakistan. Hermeneutics and honor: negotiating female “public” space in Islamic/ ate societies. Ed. Asma Afsaruddin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999, pp. 55–69. 3046. HAERI, Shahla. The politics of dishonor: rape and power in Pakistan. Faith and freedom: women’s human rights in the Muslim world. Ed. Mahnaz Afkhami. London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, pp. 161–174. 3047. HALIM, Sheikh Abdul. The Pakistan Penal Code: with commentary. Lahore: P.L.D. Publishers, 1989, 2 vols. 1699 pp. 3048. HANIF, C.M. The Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 (Act no. XLV of 1860): up-to-date and exhaustive latest commentary. Lahore: Lahore Law Times Publications, 1996, 2 vols. 1639 pp. 3049. HAQ, Farhat. Sharia and the state in Pakistan: blasphemy politics. London & New York: Routledge, 2019. 192 pp. 3050. HASSAN, Riaz. Imagining religion: portraits of Islamic consciousness in Pakistan. Being Muslim in South Asia: diversity and daily life. Ed. Robin Jeffrey, Ronojoy Sen. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 42–63. 3051.

HAYEE, Bilal. Blasphemy laws and Pakistan’s human rights obligations. University of Notre Dame Australia Law Review, 14 (2012) pp. 25–53.

316

Pakistan

3052. ‘Hudood laws’ in Pakistan (foreword by Gul Muhammad Khan). Lahore: Kausar Brothers, 1993. 2172 pp. 3053. HUSAIN, Muzaffar. Blasphemy laws and mental illness in Pakistan. Psychiatric Bulletin, 38 i (2014) pp. 40–44. 3054. HUSAIN, Waris. Pakistan’s patchwork of high court justice. Routledge handbook of contemporary Pakistan. Ed. Aparna Pande. New York: Routledge, 2018, pp. 175–186. 3055. HUSSAIN, Faqir. Reforming the law of zina (adultery). The dispensation of justice in Pakistan. Ed. Mohammad Yasin, Tariq Banuri. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Islamabad: Sustainable Development Policy Institute, 2004, pp. 44–57. 3056. HUSSAIN, Hidayat. Muslim criminal law in Indo-Pakistan sub-continent. Islamabad: Pictorial Printers, 1987. 10 pp. 3057. HUSSAIN, Mazna. “Take my riches, give me justice”: a contextual analysis of Pakistan’s honor crimes legislation. Harvard Journal of Law and Gender, 29 i (2006) pp. 223–246. 3058. HUSSAIN, Syed Adnan. Negotiating Pakistan: a genealogy of a postcolonial Islamic state. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Toronto, 2015. 220 pp. 3059. HUSSEIN, Shazreh. Rape in Pakistan. Lahore: Simorgh, Women’s Resource and Publication Centre, 1990. 90 pp. 3060. HUSSIN, Iza. The politics of Islamic law. Local elites, colonial authority, and the making of the Muslim state. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016. 352 pp. 3061.

HUSSIN, Iza. The politics of Islamic law. Local elites, colonial authority, and the making of the Muslim state. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 2008. 316 pp.

3062. IBRAHIM, Faiqa. Honour killings under the rule of law in Pakistan. LL.M. thesis, McGill University 2005. 122 pp.

Pakistan

317

3063. IMRAN, Rahat. Legal injustices: the Zina Hudood Ordinance of Pakistan and its implications for women. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 7 ii (2005) pp. 78–100. 3064. ISPAHANI, Farahnaz. Constitutional issues and the treatment of Pakistan’s religious minorities. Asian Affairs (London), 49 ii (2018) pp. 222–237. 3065. IQBAL, Afzal. Islamization of laws in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard, 1986. 3066. IQBAL, Javid. Crimes against women in Pakistan. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 13 iii (1990) pp. 37–48. 3067. JAHANGIR, Asma & JILLANI, Hina. The Hudood Ordinances: a divine sanction? A research study of the Hudood Ordinances and their effect on the disadvantaged sections of Pakistan society. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publ., 2003. 420 pp. 3068. JAN, Tariq. Hudud laws: a safeguard against irresponsible sex. Pakistan between secularism and Islam: ideology, issues & conflict. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 1998, pp. 331–346. 3069. JANJUA, Zia-ul-Islam. New Islamic laws. Lahore, Pakistan: Nadeem Law Book House, 2004. 120 pp. 3070. JANJUA, Zia-ul-Islam. Digest on Muslim laws: [1947–1984]. Lahore: Lahore Law Times Publ., 1988. 168 pp. 3071.

JANSEN, W. Divine injunction or man-made law? Blasphemy in the context of Pakistan (Part two). Al-Mushir, 41 i (1999) pp. 13–32.

3072. JANSEN, W. Divine injunction or man-made law? Blasphemy in the context of Pakistan. Al-Mushir, 40 iv (1998) pp. 141–155. 3073. JONES-PAULY, Christina with DAJANI TUQAN, Abir. Women under Islam. Gender, justice and the politics of Islamic law. London: I.B. Tauris, 2011 [See chapter 3 “Pakistan-orthodox modernity”, pp. 207–299.] 3074. JONES-PAULY, Chris. Use of the Qurʾān in key Pakistani court decisions on zināʾ and qaḏf. Arabica, 47 iii (2000) pp. 539–553.

318

Pakistan

3075. JULIUS, Qaiser. The experiences of minorities under Pakistan’s blasphemy laws. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 27 i (2016) pp. 95–115. 3076. KAKAKHEL, Niaz A. Shah. Honour killings: Islamic and human rights perspectives. The Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 55 (2004) pp. 78–89. 3077. KAMANA, Mian Muhammad Siddique. Islamic hudood laws in Pakistan. Lahore: Eastern Law Book House, 2008. 210 pp. 3078. KANIZ, Fatima. Judiciary system of Pakistan in perspective of Islamic judiciary system: a case study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Karachi, 2005. 3079. KANWAR, Mahfooz A. Murder and homicide in Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard, 1989. 273 pp. 3080. KAUSHIK, Surendra Nath. Politics of Islamization in Pakistan: a study of Zia regime. New Delhi: South Asian Publishers, 1993. 208 pp. 3081.

KENNEDY, Charles. Islamization of laws and economy: case studies on Pakistan. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 1996. 191 pp.

3082. KENNEDY, Charles H. Repugnancy to Islam—who decides? Islam and legal reform in Pakistan. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 4 (1992) pp. 760–787. 3083. KENNEDY, C.H. Islamic legal reform and the status of women in Pakistan. Journal of Islamic Studies, 2 (1991) pp. 45–55. 3084. KENNEDY, Charles H. Islamization and legal reform in Pakistan, 1979– 1989. Pacific Affairs, 63 i (1990) pp. 62–77. 3085. KENNEDY, Charles H. Islamization in Pakistan. Implementation of the Hudood Ordinances. Asian Survey, 28 iii (1988) pp. 307–316. 3086. KENNEDY, Charles H. The implementation of the Hudood Ordinances in Pakistan. Islamic Studies, 26 iv (1987) pp. 307–319. 3087. KHAKI, M. Aslam. Islamization of laws in Pakistan and its effect on minorities. Non-Muslims in Muslim majority societies. Ed. Ahlstrand Kajsa, Gunner Göran. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press, 2009, pp. 117–132.

Pakistan

319

3088. KHAN, Amjad Mahmood. Pakistan’s anti-blasphemy laws and the illegitimate use of the “law, public order, and morality” limitation on constitutional rights. Review of Faith & International Affairs, 13 i (2015) pp. 13–22. 3089. KHAN, Ayesha & ZAMAN, Sarah. The criminal justice system and rape. An attitudinal study of the public sector’s response to rape in Karachi. Karachi: Collective for Social Science Research/War against Rape, 2011. 58 pp. 3090. KHAN, Iqram Saleem. Consent in marriage: a radical feminist analysis of Pakistani law. William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice, 26 iii (2019–2020) pp. 671–687. 3091.

KHAN, Makhdoom Ali. Pakistan: legality of a hisba bill to introduce an Islamic ombudsman in the North-West Frontier Province. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 11 (2004–2005) pp. 413–462.

3092. KHAN, Mansoor Hassan. Islamization of laws in Pakistan and role of the courts. LL.M. thesis, Harvard Law School, 1992. 3093. KHAN, M. Azam. 21 years’ comprehensive digest on hudood laws: 1979 to 1999. Lahore: Comprehensive Publishers, 1999. 768 pp. 3094. KHAN, Muhammad Asif & HAYAT, Farooq. Pakistan’s vulnerable minorities and the anti-blasphemy laws: is there a way out? europa ethnica, 72 i–ii (2015) pp. 49–54. 3095. KHAN, Rana Abdul-Razzaque & AUOLAKH, Abdul Majeed A. & AJMAL, Khawaja Muhammad. Crime and criminology: a comparative study in Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Lahore: The Frontier Publications, 1997. 388 pp. 3096. KHAN, Sajad Anwar. The Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 (XLV of 1860) with new Islamic laws 1979: as amended up-to-date. Lahore: Eastern Law Book House, 2014. 887 pp. 3097. KHAN, Sardar Abdul Hameed (compiled by). Azad Kashmir Penal Code and Islamic criminal laws. Lahore: Federal Law House, 2015. 58 pp.

320

Pakistan

3098. KHAN, Shahnaz. Zina, transnational feminism, and the moral regulation of Pakistani women. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2006. 160 pp. 3099. KHAN, Shahnaz. Locating the feminist voice: the debate on the Zina Ordinance. Feminist Studies, 30 iii (2004) pp. 660–685. 3100. KHAN, Shahnaz. Zina and the moral regulation of Pakistani women. Feminist Review, 75 (2003) pp. 75–100. 3101.

KHAN, Shehar Bano & GUL, Shirin. The criminalisation of rape in Pakistan. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2017. 24 pp.

3102.

KHAN, Shehreyar. The role of qisas and diyaat in facilitating honor killings. RSIL Law Review, 2 i (2018) pp. 38–56.

3103.

KHAN, Shehreyar. The role of qisas and diyaat in facilitating honor killings. Dissertation, University of London, 2017. 26 pp.

3104.

KNUDSEN, Are. License to kill: honour killings in Pakistan. Bergen, Norway: Chr. Michelsen Institute, CMI Report WP, 1 (2004). 25 pp.

3105.

KNUDSEN, Are. Traditional (in)justice: honour killings in Pakistan. Human Rights in Development Online, 9 (2003) pp. 105–126.

3106.

LARI, Maliha Zia. A pilot study on: ‘honour killings’ in Pakistan and compliance of law. Islamabad etc.: Aurat Publication and Information Service Foundation, 2011. 84 pp.

3107.

LARI, Maliha Zia & ZAMAN, Sarah. Sexual violence and the law in Pakistan. Karachi: War against Rape, 2011. 99 pp.

3108.

LAU, Martin. Twenty-five years of Hudood Ordinances—a review. Washington and Lee Law Review, 64 iv (2007) pp. 1291–1314.

3109.

LAU, Martin. Pakistan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 13 (2006–2007) pp. 275–291.

3110.

LAU, Martin. The role of Islam in the legal system of Pakistan. Leiden & Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006. 247 pp.

Pakistan

321

3111.

LAU, Martin. Pakistan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 12 (2005–2006) pp. 443–472.

3112.

LAU, Martin. Pakistan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 9 (2002–2003) pp. 372–378.

3113.

LAU, Martin. Pakistan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 7 (2000–2001) pp. 394–412.

3114.

LAU, Martin. The Islamization of laws in Pakistan: impact on the independence of the judiciary. The rule of law in the Middle East and the Islamic world. Human rights and the judicial process. Ed. Eugene Cotran, Mai Yamani. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 2000, pp. 150–163.

3115.

LAU, Martin. Pakistan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 5 (1998–99) pp. 439–452.

3116.

LAU, Martin. Pakistan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 4 (1997–98) pp. 444–454.

3117.

LAU, Martin. Pakistan. Yearbook of Islamic and Midddle Eastern Law, 2 (1995), pp. 274–284.

3118.

LAU, Martin. The legal mechanism of Islamization: the new Islamic criminal law of Pakistan. Journal of Law and Society, 11 xviii (1992) pp. 43–58.

3119.

MAHMOOD, M. Enforcement of hudood: practice and procedure with Protection of Woman Act, 2006. Lahore: al-Qanoon Publishers, 2011. 632 pp.

3120.

MAHMOOD, M. An exhaustive commentary on the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984: case law and amendments up-to-date. Lahore: Pakistan Law Times Publications: Stockist al-Qanoon Publishers, 2008. 1410 pp.

3121.

MAHMOOD, Muhammad. Enforcement of hudood. Lahore: al-Qanoon Publishers, 1991. 635 pp.

3122.

MAHMOOD, Shaukat & SHAUKAT, Nadeem. Hadood laws: exhaustive commentary on, Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hadood) Ord., 1979. Lahore: Legal Research Centre, 2007. 387 pp.

322

Pakistan

3123.

MAHMOOD, Shaukat. The Pakistan Penal Code (XLV of 1880 [i.e. 1860]). Lahore: Legal Research Centre & Allahabad, India: Supplied by Law Publishers, 1985, 3 vols.

3124.

MAHMOOD, Sh. Shaukat. Muslim penal laws: an exhaustive commentary on Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hadood) Ord., 1979. Lahore, Pakistan: Legal Research Centre, 1983. 281 pp.

3125.

MAHMOOD, Shaukat. Muslim penal laws: an exhaustive commentary on Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hadood) Ord., 1979, Offences Against Property (Enforcement of Hadood) Ord., 1979, Offence of Qazf (Enforcement of Hadood) Ord., 1979, Prohibition (Enforcement of Hadd) Order, 1979, Ehtram-e-Ramazan Ord., 1981, N-W.F.P. Prohibition of Dancing Act, 1974, Execution of Punishment of Whipping Ord., 1979, Constitution Amendment Order (PO. 1 of 1980) (Constitution and powers, etc. of Shariat Court), with relevant rules. Lahore: Legal Research Centre, 1983. 281 pp.

3126.

MAHMOOD, Tahir. Text of Pakistan’s Hudud Ordinances. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. A comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 435–498.

3127.

MAHMOOD, Tahir. Reform of the Indian Penal Code in Pakistan to enforce Islamic criminal law. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. A comparative perspective. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 1996, pp. 422–434.

3128.

MAHMOOD, Tahir. Pakistan: Offences Against Property (Enforcement of Ḥudūd) Ordinance, 1979. Islamic and Comparative Law Quarterly, 1 (1981) pp. 55–66.

3129.

MAHMOOD, Zahid. Manual of hudood laws: (as amended up-to-date). Lahore: Nadeem Law Book House: n.d. 612 pp.

3130.

Major acts: comprising the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898, the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, the Evidence Act, 1872, the Qanun-i-Shahadat, 1984, Criminal Law (Special Provisions) Ordinance, 1968, and Shariat criminal laws. Lahore: Law Pub. Co., 1986.

Pakistan

323

3131.

MALIK, Wajeeha Ameen. You are not a Muslim: Ahmadiyya exclusion and Sharia Interpretation in Pakistan. Sharia dynamics. Islamic law and sociopolitical processes. Ed. Timotha P. Daniels. London etc.: Palgrave Macmillan 2017, pp. 253–278.

3132.

MALOOK, Saif ul. Code of Islamic laws with digests. Lahore: Kashmir Law Times, 1993. 749 pp.

3133.

MALUNOOD, M. The major acts: as amended up to date. Lahore: Pakistan Law Times Publications, 2006. 1626 pp.

3134.

MASUD, Muhammad Khalid. Role of the Council of Islamic Ideology in the Islamization of laws in Pakistan. University of South Australia, International Centre for Muslim and Non-Muslim Understanding, Working Paper 13, n.d. 10 pp.

3135.

MASUD, Muhammad Khalid. Modernizing Islamic law in Pakistan: reform or reconstruction? Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 42 ii (2019) pp. 73–97.

3136.

MASUD, Muhammad Khalid. Hudood Ordinance 1979: an interim report. Islamabad: Council of Islamic Ideology, 2006. 190 pp.

3137.

MASUD, Muhammad Khalid. Communicative action and the social construction of Shariʿa in Pakistan. Religion, social practice, and contested hegemonies reconstructing the public sphere in Muslim majority societies. Ed. Armando Salvatore, Mark LeVine. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005, pp. 155–179.

3138.

MAYER, Ann Elizabeth. Lessons of the Zaheeruddin case: why adjudication of constitutional and Islamic issues should not be combined. Awraq, 19 (1998) pp. 181–201.

3139.

MAZHAR, Arafat & MOULVI, Syed Zainuddin. Plurality, dissent and hegemony: the story behind Pakistan’s blasphemy law. Freedom of expression in Islam. Challenging apostasy and blasphemy laws. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe. London etc.: I.B. Tauris, 2021, pp. 131–156.

324

Pakistan

3140.

MEHDI, Rubya. The Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amend­ ment) Act 2006. Droit et Cultures, 59 (2010) pp. 191–206.

3141.

MEHDI, Rubya. The Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amend­ ment) Act, 2006—A challenge to the ‘divine sanction’ in Pakistan? Journal of Law & Social Research, 1 i (2009) pp. 58–72.

3142.

MEHDI, Rubya. The offence of rape in the Islamic law of Pakistan. Women Living Under Muslim Laws, 18 (1997) pp. 98–108.

3143.

MEHDI, Rubya. The Islamization of the law in Pakistan. Richmond: Curzon Press, 1994. 329 pp.

3144.

MEHDI, Rubya. The offence of rape in the Islamic law of Pakistan. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 18 (1990) pp. 19–29.

3145.

MOAZAM, Farhat. The Hudud Ordinances of Pakistan. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 28 i (2004) pp. 34–53.

3146.

MOHAMMAD, Fida. The hegemonic role of the criminal justice system in Pakistan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oregon, 1994. 204 pp.

3147.

MOHD ZIN, Najibah. The law of personal injuries and assessment in Islamic law: Ibn Qudāmah (d.620H/1223AD) and the Pakistan Penal Code of 1860. Ph.D. dissertation, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1995. 246 pp.

3148.

A “most serious crime”. Pakistan’s unlawful use of the death penalty. Justice Project Pakistan, Allard K. Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic, Yale Law School, 2016. 56 pp. [online].

3149.

MUKHTAR, Sohaib. In defense of the codification of the Islamic law of hudud into the law of Pakistan. International Review of Law, 2016. 23 pp.

3150.

MULLALLY, Siobhán. Women, Islamisation and human rights in Pakistan: developing strategies of resistance. Religion, human rights and international law. Ed. Javaid Rehman, Susan Breau, Leiden & Boston: Brill/Nijhoff, 2007, pp. 379–408.

Pakistan

325

3151.

MUNIR, Muhammad. Compatibility between anti-terrorism legislation and Shariʿa. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research (PJIR), 8 (2011) pp. 93 ff.

3152.

MUNIR, Muhammad. Precedent in Islamic law with special reference to the Federal Shariat Court and the legal system in Pakistan. Islamic Studies, 47 iv (2008) pp. 445–482.

3153.

MUNIR, Muhammad. Is zina bil-jabr a hadd, taʿzir or syasa offence? A re-appraisal of the Protection of Women Act, 2006 in Pakistan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 14 (2008) pp. 95–115.

3154.

MUSLIM, Abdul Ghafur. Islamization of laws in Pakistan: problems and prospects. Islamic Studies, 26 iii (1987) pp. 265–76.

3155.

NAARMANN, Benedikt. Von Macaulay zu Zia ul-Haq—Das pakistanische (Religions-)Strafrecht zwischen kolonialem Erbe und Islamisie­r­ung. Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht XII. Ed. Silvia Tellenbach, Thoralf Hanstein. Frankfurt a.M. etc.: Peter Lang, 2017, pp. 71–98.

3156.

NAARMANN, Benedikt. Der Schutz von Religionen und Religions­ gemeinschaften in Deutschland, England, Indien und Pakistan. Ein interkultureller Strafrechtsvergleich. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2015. 928 pp.

3157.

NADIM, Sayyid Azhar Hasan. Pakistan: the political economy of lawlessness. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. 375 pp.

3158.

NAHRI, Syed Ahmed Faisal. To kill or not to kill? A discursive analysis of colonial and Islamic influences on blasphemy legislation in postcolonial Pakistan. M.A. thesis, The University of British Columbia, 2018. 98 pp.

3159.

NAZIR, Farhana Antony. Study of the evolution of legislation on offences relating to religion in British India and their implications in contemporary Pakistan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Edinburgh, 2013. 311 pp.

3160.

NAZIR, Khalid. In search of justice. Islamabad: Ammar Publications, 2003. 80 pp.

326

Pakistan

3161.

NOOR, Azman Mohd. Prosecution of rape in Islamic law: a review of Pakistan Hudood Ordinance 1979. IIUM Law Journal, 16 ii (2008) pp. 283–298.

3162.

NYAZEE, Imran Ahsan Khan. General principles of criminal law: Islamic and Western. Islamabad: Advanced Legal Studies Institute, 1998. 164 pp.

3163.

OMAR, Shagufta. Abolition of death penalty with special reference to Pakistan—Part I. Hamdard Islamicus, 34 iii (2011) pp. 25 ff.

3164.

OMAR, Shagufta. Abolition of death penalty with special reference to Pakistan—Part II. Hamdard Islamicus, 35 i (2012) pp. 15–47.

3165.

On trial: the implementation of Pakistan’s blasphemy laws. Geneva: The International Commission of Jurists, 2015. 61 pp.

3166.

OTTO, Dirk. Islamisierung des Rechts in Pakistan und Bangladesch. Islamisches und arabisches Recht als Problem der Rechtsanwendung: Symposium zu Ehren von Professor Emeritus Dr. iur. Omaia Elwan. Ed. Herbert Kronke et al. Frankfurt a.M.: Lang, 2001, pp. 21–36.

3167.

Pakistan: honour killings of girls and women. London: Amnesty Inter­ national, 22 September 1999. 16 pp.

3168.

Pakistan Ordinance on Qiṣāṣ and Dīyah. Islamic Studies, 29 iv (1990) pp. 397–430.

3169.

Pakistan. Policing belief. The impact of blasphemy laws on human rights. A Freedom House Special Report. Washington, DC: Freedom House, 2010, pp. 69–87.

3170.

Pakistan: Violence against women in the name of honour. London: Amnesty International, 22 September 1999. 57 pp.

3171.

Pakistan: women’s human rights remain a dead letter: no progress towards the realization of women’s rights after the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. London: Amnesty International, March 1997. 14 pp.

Pakistan

327

3172.

PALO, Stephanie. A charade of change: Qisas and Diyat Ordinance allows honor killings to go unpunished in Pakistan. University of California Davis Journal of International Law & Policy, 15 i (2009) pp. 93–109.

3173.

PATEL, Rashida. Islamisation of laws in Pakistan? Karachi: Faiza Pub­ lishers, 1986. 238 pp.

3174.

PHILIPSBORN, John. Unsteadily to center stage: an overview of Pakistan’s justice system. Judicature, 85 v (2002) pp. 228–236.

3175.

QADIR, Mansoor. Report on present situation, problems and solutions in the legal system related to corruption control and corruption cases in Pakistan. International Review of Penal Law/Revue Internationale de Droit Pénal, 74 i–ii (2003) pp. 515–525.

3176.

QURAISHI, Asifa. Her honor: an Islamic critique of the rape laws of Pakistan from a woman-sensitive perspective. Michigan Journal of International Law, 18 (1997) pp. 287–320. [Republished in Windows of faith: Muslim women scholar-activists in North America. Ed. Gisela Webb. (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2000), pp. 102–135.]

3177.

QURAISHI, Asifa. Her honour: an Islamic critique of the rape provisions in Pakistan’s Ordinance on Zina. Islamic Studies, 38 iii (1999) pp. 403–431.

3178.

QURAISHI, Muzammil. Muslims and crime: a comparative study. Aldershot etc.: Ashgate, 2005. 149 pp.

3179.

QURAISHI, Muzammil. Muslims and crime: a comparative criminological study of South Asian Muslims in Britain and Pakistan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wales, Bangor, 2002. 254 pp.

3180.

RAHMAN, Tanzil-ur. Implementation of Shariʿah in Pakistan. Islamabad, Pakistan: Council of Islamic Ideology, 1982. 15 pp.

3181.

RAIS, Rasul Bakhsh. Islamic radicalism and minorities in Pakistan. Religious radicalism and security in South Asia. Ed. Satu P. Limaye, Kohan Malik, Robert G. Wirsing. Honolulu, HI: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 2004, pp. 447–465.

328

Pakistan

3182.

RAJA, Salman Akram. Islamisation of laws in Pakistan. South Asian Journal, 1 ii (2003) pp. 94–109.

3183.

RAJA, Salman Akram. Islamic law reform in Pakistan: the limits to discourse, practice, and the recognition of human rights norms. LL.M. thesis, Harvard Law School, 2001.

3184.

RANCHHODDAS, Ratanlal (comm.). The law of crimes: Pakistan Penal Code (XLV of 1860): with new Islamic laws, 1979. Revised by Iqbal Mahmood Awan. Lahore: Mansoor Book House, 1982. 1032 pp.

3185.

RANJHA, Ubaid-ullah. Honour killing—a challenge for Muslim world. Research Journal Ulum-e-Islamia/Taḥqīqī Majallah ʿUlūm-I Islāmīya, 13 (2009) pp. 5–22.

3186.

RASHID, Abdur. The Islamization of laws in Pakistan with special reference to the status of women. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 1987. 332 pp.

3187.

Reforming the judiciary in Pakistan. International Crisis Group, Asia Report, No. 160, 16 October 2008. 31 pp.

3188.

REHMAN, I.A. A critique of Pakistan’s blasphemy laws. Pakistan between secularism and Islam. Ideology, issues and conflict. Ed. Jan Tarik et al. Institute of Policy Studies: Islamabad, 1998, pp. 195–207.

3189.

REHMAN, Javaid. Sexual rights in the religious state. Journal of Islamic State Practices in International Law, 11 i (2015) pp. 49–57.

3190.

REHMAN, Javaid. The Sharīʿah, international human rights law and the right to hold opinions and free expression: after Bilour’s fatwā. Islam and international law. Engaging self-centrism from a plurality of perspectives. Ed. Marie-Louisa Frick, Andreas Th. Müller. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2013, pp. 244–268.

3191.

REHMAN, Javaid & BERRY, Stephanie E. Is “defamation of religions” passé? The United Nations, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and Islamic state practices: lessons from Pakistan. George Washington International Law Review, (2012) pp. 431–472.

Pakistan

329

3192.

REHMAN, Javaid. Minority rights and the constitutional dilemmas of Pakistan. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 19 iv (2001) pp. 417–443.

3193.

REHMĀN, Zia ur. Islamic punishments: aims, sagacity and basic human rights. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research (PJIR), 12 (2013) pp. 91–104.

3194.

RIZVI, R.A. Torture and the law. Contemporary conflicts in Pakistan. Ed. M.S. Chand. Jaipur: Institute of Secular Studies, 1994, pp. 105–110.

3195.

Report on Hudood Ordinances, 1979. Islamabad: Goverment of Pakistan, National Commission on the Status of Women, 2003. 126 pp.

3196.

ROBOL, Claudio. La reislamizzazione del diritto penale in Pakistan e Malesia. Tesi di Laurea, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 2001. 200 pp.

3197.

ROYER, Ismail. Pakistan’s blasphemy law and non-Muslims. Lamppost Education Initiative, 2018. 50 pp.

3198.

RUMI, Raza. Unpacking the blasphemy laws of Pakistan. Asian Affairs, 49 ii (2018) pp. 319–339.

3199.

SABIHA, Taimia. The blasphemy law of Pakistan and Christian response: some reflections. Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research (PJIR), 17 i (2016) pp. 113–125.

3200. SABOOR, Ruba. Rape laws in Pakistan: will we learn from our mistakes? Islamabad Law Review, 1 i (2014) pp. 65–97. 3201.

SABREEN, Mudasra. The age of criminal responsibility and its effect on dispensation of justice. Pakistan Law Review, 8 (2017) pp. 103–122.

3202. SABRI, Badur-ul-Hassan Khan. The law of superdari: including powers of criminal courts. Lahore: Khyber Law Publishers, 1983. 116 pp. 3203. SABRI, Masud-ul-Hassan Khan. Eighteen years’ digest on hudood laws 1979–1996. Lahore: Lahore Law Times Publications, 1996. 632 pp. 3204. SADIQ, Tabinda. Working under the shadow of taboo & blasphemy: coverage of minorities in Pakistani press under the blasphemy law. Global Media Journal: Pakistan Edition, 9 ii (2016). 22 pp.

330

Pakistan

3205. SAEED, Hilda & KHAN, Ayesha. Legalised cruelty: anti-women laws in Pakistan. No paradise yet: the world’s women face the new century. Ed. Judith Mirsky, Marty Radlett. London: Zed Books, 2000, pp. 119–136. 3206. SAHITO, Imdad Hussain. The criminal investigation in Pakistan: trends and reality. Pakistan Vision, 10 ii (2009) pp. 175–196. 3207. SAIGOL, Rubina. Decades of disaster. Islamization and the women of Pakistan. The Islamization of Pakistan, 1979–2009. Washington, DC: Middle East Institute, 2009, pp. 71–73. 3208. SARWAR, B. ‘… On suspicion of illicit relations’. Women and violence. Ed. M. Davis. London: Zed Books, 1994, pp. 220–222. 3209. SATTAR, Adnan. The laws of honour killing and rape in Pakistan. Islamabad: AAWAZ Programme, 2015. 43 pp. 3210.

SATTAR, Babar. Islamization in Pakistan: investigating and explaining legal change. LL.M. thesis, Harvard Law School, 2002.

3211.

SCHAFLECHNER, Jürgen. Blasphemy and the appropriation of vigilante justice in ‘hagiohistoric’ writing in Pakistan. Blasphemy and transgression in South Asia. Ed. Kathinka Frøystad, Paul Rollier, Arild Engelsen Ruud. New York: Routledge, 2019, pp. 208–235.

3212.

SCOLART, Deborah. “More sinned against than sinning”: la Corte Suprema pakistano e il caso Asia Bibi. Rivista telematica, 23 (2019) pp. 74–85.

3213.

SHAH, Hassam Qadir. Don’t let them get away with murder: booklet on criminal procedures: basic questions answered. Edited by Nabila Malick. Lahore: Shirkat Gah, 2002. 52 pp.

3214.

SHAH, Hassam Qadir. Reflections on the law of qisas and diyat. Shaping women’s lives. Ed. Farida Shaheed, Sohail Warraich, Cassandra Balchin, Aisha Gazdar. Lahore: Shirkat Gah, 1998, pp. 253–267.

3215.

SHAH, Nafisa. Faislo: the informaI settlement system and crimes against women in Sindh. Shaping women’s lives; laws, practices and strategies in Pakistan. Ed. Farida Shaheed, Sohail Akbar Warraich,

Pakistan

331

Cassandra Balchin, Aisha Gazdar. Lahore: Shirkat Gah, Women’s Resource Center, 1998, pp. 227–252. 3216.

SHAH, Nafisa. Role of the community in honour killings in Sindh. Engendering the nation-state. Ed. N. Hussain, S. Mumtaz, R. Saigol. Lahore: Simorgh Publications, 1997.

3217.

SHAH, Nasim Hasan. Koranic punishments in Pakistan. Studies in Islamic law, religion and society. Ed. Harbans Singh Bhatia. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1998, pp. 195–196.

3218.

SHAH, N.H. Islamization of law in Pakistan. Islamabad: Shariah Academy, 1992.

3219.

SHAH, Niaz A. Comment. The 2006 Women Protection Act of Pakistan: an analysis. Islamic law in practice. Ed. Mashood A. Baderin. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2014, pp. 429–438.

3220. SHAH, Niaz A. Islamic law and the law of armed conflict. The armed conflict in Pakistan. Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. 165 pp. 3221.

SHAH, Niaz A. Women, the Koran and international human rights law. The experience of Pakistan. Leiden & Boston: Brill/Nijhoff, 2006. 266 pp.

3222. SHAHEED, F. The experience in Pakistan. Women and violence. Ed. Davis, M. London: Zed Books, 1994, pp. 213–219. 3223.

SHAHTAZ, Noor Ahmed. The implementation of Shariah laws (hudood): historical development with special reference to Pakistan. Karachi: Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Karachi, 2015. 624 pp.

3224. SHAHZADO, Shaikh. The Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amend­ ment) Act, 2006: a critical analysis. Karachi: Sindhica Academy, 2013. 256 pp. 3225. SHAIKH, Muhammad Younu. Apostasy, human rights, religion, and belief—new threats to the freedom of opinion and expression: Pakistani blasphemy law. The myth of Islamic tolerance: how Islamic law treats non-Muslims Ed. Robert Spencer. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2005, pp. 444–447.

332

Pakistan

3226. SHAKIR, Naeem. Islamic Shariah and blasphemy laws in Pakistan. The round table. The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, 104 iii (2015) pp. 307–317. 3227. SHAKIR, Naeem. The law of qisas and diyat in Pakistan: its impact on women and minorities. Al-Mushir: Theological Journal of the Christian Study Centre (Rawalpindi, Pakistan), 48 iii (2006) pp. 73–83. 3228. SHAKIR, Chaudhry Naeem. Fundamentalism, enforcement of Shariah and law on blasphemy in Pakistan. Al-Mushir, 34 iv (1992) pp. 113–129. 3229. SHORO, Shahnaz. Honor killing in the second decade of the 21st century. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2017. 277 pp. 3230. SIDDIQUE, Osama & HAYAT, Zahra. Unholy speech and holy laws: blasphemy laws in Pakistan. Minnesota Journal of International Law, 17 ii (2008) pp. 303–385. 3231.

SIDDIQUI, Mobin Ahmed. Commentaries on the qisas and diyat laws. Lahore: Omber Law Book House, 2014. 1392 pp.

3232. SIKAND, Yoginder. A dissenting voice on Pakistan’s blasphemy law. Sociology of Islam & Muslim Societies Newsletter, 6 (2011) pp. 22–24. 3233.

Slow march to the gallows. Death penalty in Pakistan. Fidh—Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l’Homme & Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, 464 ii (2007). 63 pp.

3234. STAHMANN, Christian. Islamische Menschenrechtskonzepte: Islamische Menschenrechtskonzepte und das Problem sogenannter „islamischer“ Menschenrechtsverletzungen in Pakistan seit 1977. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2005. 315 pp. 3235. STAHMANN, Christian. Islamische Menschenrechtskonzepte: islamische Menschenrechtskonzepte und das Problem sogenannter „islamischer“ Menschenrechtsverletzungen in Pakistan seit 1977. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Heidelberg, 1995. 295 pp. 3236. TAK, Rukhsana. Prostitution and the law in Pakistan: a case study of Lahore’s Hira Mandi. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2003.

Pakistan

333

3237. TANGUAY-RENAUD, François. Post colonial pluralism, human rights and the administration of criminal justice in the federally administered tribal areas of Pakistan. Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law, 6 (2002) pp. 541–596. 3238. THAYER, Donlu. Mst Asia Bibi v The State: Capital Sentence Reference no 614/2010/Criminal Appeal no 2509/2010: Lahore High Court: Muhammad Anwaarul Haq, Syed Shabaz Ali Rizvi JJ: 5 November 2014. Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, 4 i (2015) pp. 147–149. 3239. THOMAS, Dorothy Q. Double jeopardy: police abuse of women in Pakistan. Human Rights Watch, 1992. 153 pp. 3240. USMANI, Muhammad Taqi. The Islamization of laws in Pakistan: the case of Hudud Ordinances. The Muslim World, 96 ii (2006) pp. 287–304. 3241.

USMANI, Muhammad Taqi. Amendments in hudood laws: the Protec­ tion of Women’s Rights Bill. An appraisal. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 2006. 53 pp.

3242. WAQAR-UL-HAQ, Muhammad. Islamic criminal laws: hudood laws and rules with up-to-date commentary. Lahore: Nadeem Law Book House, 1994. 631 pp. 3243. WARRAICH, Sohail Akbar. ‘Honour killings’ and the law in Pakistan. ‘Honour’. Crimes, paradigms, and violence against women. Ed. Lynn Welchman, Sara Hossain. London & New York: Zed Books, 2013, pp. 78–110. 3244. WARRAICH, Sohail Akbar. Through the looking glass: the emergence, confused application and demise of Pakistan’s hudood rape laws. Criminal law reform and transitional justice: human rights perspectives for Sudan. Ed. Lutz Oette. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 243–267. 3245. WASTI, Aarij S. The ‘hudood’ laws of Pakistan: a social and legal misfit in today’s society. Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies, 12 (2003) pp. 63–95. 3246. WASTI, Tahir H. The law on honour killing: a British innovation in the criminal law of the Indian subcontinent and its subsequent metamorphosis under Pakistan Penal Code. South Asian Studies, 25 ii (2010) pp. 361–411.

334

Pakistan

3247. WASTI, Tahir. The application of Islamic criminal law in Pakistan: Sharia in practice. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2009. 408 pp. 3248. WASTI, Tahir. Islamic law in practice: the application of qisas and diyat law in Pakistan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 13 (2009) pp. 97–106. 3249. WASTI, Tahir. The introduction and application of Shariah in the law of culpable homicide and murder in Pakistan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2005. 356 pp. 3250. WEILERT, Anja Katarina. Grundlagen und Grenzen des Folterverbotes in verschiedenen Rechtskreisen: eine Analyse anhand der deutschen, israelischen und pakistanischen Rechtsvorschriften vor dem Hintergrund des jeweiligen historisch-kulturell bedingten Verständnisses der Men­ schenwürde. Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2009. 474 pp. 3251.

WEISS, Anita M. (ed.). Islamic reassertion in Pakistan: the application of Islamic laws in a modern state. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1986. 146 pp.

3252. WEISS, Anita. Implications of the Islamization program for women. Islamic reassertion in Pakistan: the application of Islamic laws in a modern state. Ed. Anita Weiss. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1986, pp. 97–113. 3253. WEISS, Anita. Islamization of Pakistani law and women’s protest movements. Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1986. 3254. WEISS, Anita. Women in Pakistan: implications of the current program of Islamization. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University. Women in International Development Publication Series, Working paper 78, 1985. 25 pp. 3255. ZAFAR, Noor. The impact of the Zina Ordinance, 1979 on cases involving minors. PCL Student Journal of Law, 3 ii (2019) pp. 99–117. 3256. ZAHRA-MALIK, Mehreen. The Gojra murders and the blasphemy law. Pakistaniaat: a Journal of Pakistan Studies, 1 ii (2009) pp. 120–123.

Pakistan

335

3257. ZAHUR-UD-DIN, Mian. New Islamic laws, 1979. Lahore: Mansoor Book House, 1982. 144 pp. 3258. ZAIDI WASTI, Sayyid Tahir Haider. The introduction and application of Shariah in the law of culpable homicide and murder in Pakistan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2005. 356 pp. 3259. ZAMAN, Muhammad Qasim. Pakistan: Shariʿa and the state. Shariʿa politics. Islamic law and society in the modern world. Ed. Robert W. Hefner. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2011, pp. 207–243. 3260. ZIA, Afiya Shehrbano. Rape in Pakistan: zina laws—legalities and loopholes. Women and sexuality in Muslim societies. Ed. by Pınar Ilkkaracan. Istanbul: Women for Women’s Human Rights (WWHR)/Kadının Insan Hakları Projesi (KIHP), 2000, pp. 327–339. 3261.

ZIA, Afiya Shehrbano. Can rescue narratives save lives? Honor killing in Pakistan. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 44 ii (2019) pp. 355–378.

3262. ZIA, Afiya Shehrbano. Sex crime in the Islamic context: rape, class and gender in Pakistan. Lahore: ASR Publications, 1994. 80 pp. 3263. ZIA, Shehla. Hudud laws: impact on women. Pakistan between secularism and Islam: ideology, issues & conflict. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 1998, pp. 309–329. 3264. ZIA, Shehla. The legal status of women in Pakistan. Finding our way: readings on women in Pakistan. Ed. Fareeha Zafar. Lahore: ASR Pub­ lications, 1991, p. 26. 3265. ZIA ULLAH, Muhammad. Honour killings in Pakistan under theoretical, legal and religious perspectives. M.A. thesis, Malmö University, 2010. 48 pp. 3266. Zina, rape, and Islamic law: an Islamic legal analysis of the rape laws in Pakistan—a position paper. Washington, DC: Karamah: Muslim Women Lawyers for Human Rights, 2008.

336

Palestine, Palestinian Territories

Palestine, Palestinian Territories 3267. FRISCH, Hillel. Modern absolutist or neopatriarchal state building? Customary law, extended families, and the Palestinian Authority. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 29 iii (1997) pp. 341–359. 3268. HADDAD, Elias N. Die Blutrache in Palästina. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, 40 (1917) pp. 225–234. 3269. LABADI, Fadwa al-. Case history: diya between shariʿa and customary law. Women’s rights and Islamic family law: perspectives on reform. Ed. Lynn Welchman. London & New York: Zed Books, 2004, pp. 164–171. 3270. LAYISH, Aharon. Legal documents from the Judean desert. The impact of the Shariʿa on Bedouin customary law. Leiden: Brill, 2011. 584 pp. 3271.

PELHAM, Nicolas. Ideologie und Praxis. Das Rechtssystem im Gaza­ st­reifen unter der Hamas. Palästina und die Palästinenser. 60 Jahre nach der Nakba. Ed. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Christian Sterzing. Berlin: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, 2011, pp. 276–299. [an earlier English version of this article can be found on academia.edu: PELHAM, Nicolas. Ideology and practice: the legal system in Gaza under Hamas, 2010. 18 pp.]

3272.

TÄPPER, Johann. Blutrache am See Genesareth. Das heilige Land (Köln), 62 (1918) pp. 121–125.

3273.

TERRIS, Robert & INOUE-TERRIS, Vera. A case study of third world jurisprudence—Palestine: conflict resolution and customary law in a neopatrimonial society. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 20 ii (2002) pp. 462–495.

3274.

WELCHMAN, Lynn. The Bedouin judge, the mufti and the chief Islamic justice: competing legal regimes in the occupied Palestinian territories. Journal of Palestine Studies, 38 ii (2009) pp. 6–23.

3275.

ZILBERMAN, Ifrah. Palestinian customary law in the Jerusalem area. Catholic University Law Review, 45 (1996) pp. 795–810.

337

Qatar

Qatar 3276. HAMZEH, A. Nizar. Qatar: the duality of the legal system. Middle Eastern Studies, 30 i (1994) pp. 79–90. 3277. HASSANEIN, Ahmed Samir. The impact of Islamic criminal law on the Qatari Penal Code. Arab Law Quarterly, 32 i (2018) pp. 60–79. 3278. SHAMARI, Khalid Saleh Al-. The influence of criminal mens rea on criminal justice: a comparative study of Qatar’s Penal Code and the Model Penal Code in the United States. Doctor of Juridical Science dissertation, Indiana University Maurer School of Law, 2017. 3279. SIMON, Jérôme & BARFÉTY, Lionel. Le système pénal au Moyen-Orient: l’exemple du Qatar et des Émirats Arabes Unis. Les Cahiers de la Justice, 1 i (2012) pp. 97–110.

Saudi-Arabia 3280. ABDULRAHMAN, A. Al-Turki. Capital punishment for drug offences in Islam and its application in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. An evaluative study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London, 2000. 427 pp. 3281.

ADLER, Frank. Nations not obsessed with crime. Littleton: Rothman, 1983. 204 pp.

3282. Adults before their time: children in Saudi Arabia’s criminal justice system. New York: Human Rights Watch, 80 iv (2008). 80 pp. 3283. ALANAZI, Fahad & JONES, Andrew & MENON, Catherine. Sharia law and digital forensics in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 13 iii (2018) pp. 5–19. 3284. ALGARNI, Abdullah Faze. Policing internet fraud in Saudi Arabia: expressive gestures or adaptive strategies? Policing & Society, 23 iv (2013) pp. 498–515.

338

Saudi-Arabia

3285. ALI, Badr-el-din. Islamic law and crime: the case of Saudi Arabia. Inter­ national Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 9 i–ii (1985) pp. 45–56. 3286. ALJOIDI ALDOSARI, Hamad Hosain Saleh. El concepto de dubio en la jurisprudencia Islámica a través de los postulados teóricos de Ibn Qudama. Una formulación del derecho penal Saudí. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 2016. 296 pp. 3287. ALKHARASHI, Suliman Abdullah. Human rights in the stage of criminal investigation: a comparison between law and practice in Saudi Arabia and England and Wales. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Sussex, 2015. 325 pp. 3288. ALOTAIBI, Hajed Abdulhadi S. Minors’ crimes in Saudi Arabia. Analyti­ cal thematic study on Saudi juveniles’ system. Ph.D. dissertation, Bangor University, 2018. 223 pp. 3289. ALMOHIDEB, Abdulrahman M. Criminal procedures relevant to crimes of killing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Glasgow, 1996. 334 pp. 3290. ALMOLHEM, Mohammad Ali. A classification of adult offenders in Dammam central prison, Saudi Arabia. Ph.D. dissertation, Mississippi State University, 1986. 112 pp. 3291.

ALNAAMI, Khalid. Criminal medical liability in Islamic law (Sharia) (with some applications in Saudi Arabia). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wales, Trinity Saint David, 2012. 133 pp.

3292. ALOBEID, A. Police functions and organization in Saudi Arabia. Police Studies, 10 (1989) pp. 80–84. 3293. ALROMAIH, Yousef Ahmed. Social control and delinquency in Saudi Arabia. Ph.D. dissertation, Washington State University, 1993. 127 pp. 3294. ALSHAIBANI, Majed. Compensatory damages granted in personal injuries: supplementing Islamic jurisprudence with elements of common law. Doctor of Juridical Science dissertation, Indiana University, Maurer School of Law, 2017. 183 pp.

Saudi-Arabia

339

3295. ALSHEHRI, Faiz. Übersetzungsorientierte Terminologiearbeit am Beispiel des Strafrechts in Österreich und Saudi-Arabien. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Wien, 2015. 461 pp. 3296. ALSUBAIE, Mohammed Fahad Aljiday. Corporate criminal liability in Saudi Arabia. Research handbook on Islamic law and society. Ed. Nadirsyah Hosen. Cheltenham etc.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, pp. 201–216. 3297. ATAWNEH, Muhammad Al-. Wahhābī legal theory as reflected in modern official Saudi fatwās: ijtihād, taqlīd, sources, and methodology. Islamic Law and Society, 18 iii/iv (2011) pp. 327–355. 3298. BASHA, Bakri. The significant influences of Islamic law on decreasing crime rate in Saudi Arabian society. Ph.D. dissertation, United States International University, San Diego, 1979. 178 pp. 3299. BENCOMO, C. Saudi Arabia: flawed justice: the execution of ʿAbd al-Karim Maraʿi al-Naqshabandi. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 1997. 19 pp. 3300. BIN ALI, Mohamed. Al-Wala‌ʾ wal Bara‌ʾ in Wahhabism: from a tool to fight shirk to takfir of Muslim leaders. Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture, 7 i (2019) pp. 28–43. 3301.

BLACK, Ann. Court ceremonies, ritual and symbolism: how Islamic law and English common law are conceptualised and apply to an unlawful killing. Griffith Law Review, 21 ii (2012) pp. 500–533.

3302. BRAND, Joseph L. Aspects of Saudi Arabian law and practice. Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 9 i (1986) pp. 1–29. 3303. BROSTERHOUS, Anthony D. An introduction to the criminal law of Saudi Arabia including the “hudud crimes”. LL.M. thesis, Columbia University, School of Law, 1963. 50 pp. 3304. DUNCAN, Mary Carter. Playing by their rules: the death penalty and foreigners in Saudi Arabia. Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, 27 i (1998) pp. 231–248.

340

Saudi-Arabia

3305. The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia: proceedings of the symposium held in Riyadh, 16–21 Shawal, 1396 A.H. (9–13 October, 1976). Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ministry of Interior, Crime Prevention Research Centre, 1980, 606 pp. 3306. EIJK, Esther van. Sharia and national law in Saudi Arabia. Sharia incorporated. A comparative overview of the legal systems of twelve Muslim countries in past and present. Ed. Jan Michiel Otto. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010, pp. 139–180. 3307. ESHAIKH, Hesham A.A. Al-. Human rights and the trial of the accused: a legal comparative study between the judicial system in Saudi Arabia and the standards required by the European Convention on Human Rights. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2005. 388 pp. 3308. ESMAEILI, Hossein & GANS, Jeremy. Islamic law across cultural borders: the involvement of Western nationals in Saudi murder trials. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 28 ii (2000) pp. 145–174. 3309. ESMAEILI, Hossein. On a slow boat towards the rule of law: the nature of law in the Saudi Arabian legal system. Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law, 26 i (2009) pp. 1–47. 3310.

FÖRSTER, Franziska. Liwāṭ oder shudhūdh jinsī? Der Prozeß der Heteronormalisierung am Beispiel eines zeitgenössischen Textes aus Saudi-Arabien. Muslim bodies: body, sexuality and medicine in Muslim societies. Körper, Sexualität und Medizin in muslimischen Gesellschaften. Ed. Susanne Kurz, Claudia Preckel, Stefan Reichmuth. Münster etc.: LIT Verlag, 2016, pp. 155–190.

3311.

FRONZONI, Vasco. Sexuality and reforms against gender violence in Islam, between preachers and law. Focus on Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Morocco. Il Diritto Ecclesiastico, 128 iii–iv (2017) pp. 663–672.

3312.

GILANI, Syed Nazir. Juvenile justice in Saudi-Arabia. Delinquency and juvenile justice systems in the non-Western world. Ed. Paul C. Friday, Xin Ren. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press 2006, pp. 145–162.

3313.

GRAY, Seymour. The malpractice plaintiff wanted blood money. Medical Economics, 61 ix (1984) pp. 179–180.

Saudi-Arabia

341

3314.

HAGEEL, Suleiman. Human rights in Islam and their applications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: King Fahd National Library, 2001.

3315.

HAMOUDI, Abdulaziz K. Al-. Criminal defense in Saudi-Arabia. An empirical study of the practice of criminal defense in Saudi-Arabia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 2014. 289 pp.

3316.

HAMZAH, Dawood Adesola. Impact of international law on the application of Islamic law in Saudi Arabia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2015. 327 pp.

3317.

HARGAN, Abdulhamid Abdullah Al-. The Saudi pre-trial criminal procedure and human rights. A comparative and evaluative study. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Kent, 2006. 327 pp.

3318.

HEJAILAN, Hussam Salah. Saudi Arabia. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 7 (2000–2001) pp. 271–281.

3319.

HEJAILAN, Salah Al-. Legal developments in Saudi Arabia. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 4 (1995) pp. 338–350.

3320. HEWESH, Sheikh Mohammad Ibn Ibrahim Al-. Sharia penalties and ways of their implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (First: retaliation penalty ‘kisas’, blood money ‘diya’, expiation ‘kaffara’). The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia, Proceedings of the symposium held in Ryadh 16–21 Shawal (9–13 October 1976). Rome: Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1980, pp. 345–400. 3321.

HILL, Thomas. Foreign representatives: Saudi law and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Arab Law Quarterly, 4 (1989) pp. 291–325.

3322. IBN AHMED, Bulhaj al-Arabi. The civil & criminal inaccuracies of the physicians in the Islamic fiqh & the Saudi law. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat Al-Buḥūth Al-Fiqhīyah AlMuʿāṣira, 52 (2001–2002) pp. 9–23. 3323.

JONES, Mark. Islamic law in Saudi Arabia: a responsive view. Inter­ national Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 16 i–ii (1992) pp. 43–56.

342

Saudi-Arabia

3324. ‘Killing in the name of justice’. The death penalty in Saudi Arabia. London: Amnesty International, 2015. 44 pp. 3325. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Criminal laws, regulations and procedures handbook. Strategic information, regulations, procedures. Washington, DC: International Business Publications, 2016. 288 pp. 3326. KOMAN, Mohammed Ali. La recherche de la preuve en matière pénale: étude comparée du droit français et des droits des pays arabe du Golfe. Thèse de doctorat en Sciences criminelles. Université de Poitiers, 1993. 435 pp. 3327. LAYISH, Aharon. Saudi Arabian legal reform as a mechanism to moderate Wahhābī doctrine. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 107 ii (1987) pp. 279–292. 3328. MERENBACH, Richard N. Religious law and religious freedom in Saudi Arabia and Israel: a comparative study. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 12 i (1988) pp. 235–260. 3329. MOORE, Richter H. Jr. Islamic legal systems: traditional (Saudi Arabia), contemporary (Bahrain), and evolving (Pakistan). Ed. C. Fields, R.H. Moore. Comparative criminal justice: Traditional and nontraditional systems of law and control. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1996, pp. 390–410. 3330. MOORE, Richter H. Jr. Courts, law, justice and criminal trials in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 11 i–ii (1987) pp. 61–67. 3331.

MOORE, Richter H. The criminal justice system of Saudi Arabia. International Criminal Justice Systems II. Omaha, NE: Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, 1986, pp. 139–198.

3332. MOURAD, Farouk A.R. & AL-SAʿATY, Hassan. Impact of Islamic penal laws on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia: findings of a research study. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 340–366.

Saudi-Arabia

343

3333. MOURAD, Farouk Abdul Rahman. Effect of the implementation of the Islamic legislation on crime prevention in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia—a field research. The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the symposium held in Ryadh 16–21 Shawal (9–13 October 1976). Rome: Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1980, pp. 491–591. 3334. MUAYGIL, Ruaim. The role of physicians in state-sponsored corporal punishment. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 25 iii (2016) pp. 479–492. 3335. MURTY, Komanduri S. & ROEBUCK, Julian B. & ALMOLHEM, Mohammad A. Profile of adult offenders in Dammam central prison, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 15 i–ii (1991) pp. 89–97. 3336. MUTRAK, Sheikh Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz Al-. Sharia penalties and ways of their implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Second: fixed penalties ‘hudud’ and discretionary penalties ‘taʿzir’). The effect of Islamic legislation on crime prevention in Saudi Arabia, Proceedings of the symposium held in Ryadh 16–21 Shawal (9–13 October 1976). Rome: Ministry of Interior, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1980, pp. 401–490. 3337. NEDZA, Justyna. The sum of its parts: the state as apostate in contemporary Saudi militant Islamism. Accusations of unbelief in Islam: a diachronic perspective on takfīr. Ed. Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Maribel Fierro, Sabine Schmidtke. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016, pp. 304–326. 3338. OMEIR, Khalid Al-. La politique criminelle du royaume d’Arabie Saoudite. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Poitiers, 1997. 361 pp. 3339. OTTERBECK, Jonas & MATTSSON, Douglas & PASTENE, Orlando. “I am Satan!” Black metal, Islam and blasphemy in Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Contemporary Islam, 12 iii (2018) pp. 267–286. 3340. PEIFFER, Elizabeth. The death penalty in traditional Islamic law and as interpreted in Saudi Arabia and Nigeria. William & Mary Journal of Women and the Law, 11 iii (2005) pp. 507–539.

344 3341.

Saudi-Arabia

Perpetual minors: human rights abuses stemming from male guardianship and sex segregation in Saudi Arabia. New York: Human Rights Watch. April 19, 2008. 49 pp.

3342. Precarious justice. Arbitrary detention and unfair trials in the deficient criminal justice system of Saudi Arabia. Human Rights Watch, 20 iii(E) (2008). 144 pp. 3343. RAHIMI, Zaki A. Treatment of offenders in the Saudi criminal justice system. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 17 i (1997) pp. 189–193. 3344. RASHEED, M. al-Saʿad Al- & AL-HEWESH, M.I. Administration of criminal justice in Saudi Arabia: a brief account. Criminal law in Islam and the Muslim world. Ed. Tahir Mahmood et al. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2005, pp. 367–374. 3345. RIDGE, Hannah. Economic and historical influence on the application of capital punishment in Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Lights: the MESSA Quarterly, 3 i (2014) pp. 1–30. 3346. SALOOM, Rachel. Is beheading permissible under Islamic law? Comparing terrorist jihad and the Saudi Arabian death penalty. UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 10 i (2005) pp. 221–249. 3347. Saudia Arabia—defence submission by Salah Ibrahim Al-Hejailan in the case of Lucille McLauchlan and Deborah Kim Parry. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 3 (1996) pp. 491–505. 3348. Saudi courts—women’s rights—General Court of Qatif sentences gang-rape victim to prison and lashings for violating “illegal mingling” law. Harvard Law Review, 121 viii (2008) pp. 2254–2261. 3349. SCHWARTZ, Stephen. Shariʿa in Saudi Arabia, today and tomorrow. Radical Islam’s rules: the worldwide spread of extreme Shariʿa law. Ed. Paul Marshall. Lanham, MD etc.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005, pp. 19–40. 3350. SCHWEITZER, Elisa. Zum Straftatbestand der Kindesmisshandlung: Ein Blick auf die Rechtspraxis in Saudi-Arabien. ZR&I—Zeitschrift für Recht und Islam/Journal of Law & Islam, 11 (2019) pp. 113–144.

Saudi-Arabia

3351.

345

SHAMMARI, Tareq Saeed Al-. Special measures for witnesses in the criminal justice system: from England and Wales to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of East Anglia, 2016. 254 pp.

3352. SO, Winky. Contemporary issues of capital punishment in Saudi Arabia. City University of Hongkong Law Review, 2 (2010) pp. 261–276. 3353. SOLAIM, Soliman A. Saudi Arabia’s judicial system. Middle East Journal, 25 (1971) pp. 403–407. 3354. SOURYAL, Sam S. The role of Shariah law in deterring criminality in Saudi-Arabia. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 12 i–ii (1988) pp. 1–25. 3355. SOURYAL, Sam S. The religionization of a society: the continuing application of Shariah law in Saudi Arabia. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 26 iv (1987) pp. 429–449. 3356. SUBAIE, Salman Muhammed Al-. The right to a fair trial under Saudi law of criminal procedure: a human rights critique. Ph.D. dissertation, Brunel University, London, 2013. 189 pp. 3357.

SWAZO, Norman K. The case of Hamza Kashgari: examining apostasy, heresy, and blasphemy under Shariʿa. The Review of Faith & Inter­ national Affairs, 12 iv (2014) pp. 16–26.

3358. TURKI, Abdulrahman A.N. Al-. Capital punishment for drug offences in Islam and its application in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2000. 427 pp. 3359. VOGEL, Frank E. The public and private in Saudi Arabia: restrictions on the powers of Committees for Ordering the Good and Forbidding Evil. Social Research, 70 iii (2003) pp. 749–768. 3360. VOGEL, Frank E. Islamic law and legal system: studies of Saudi Arabia. Leiden: Brill, 2000. 404 pp. 3361.

VOGEL, Frank Edward. Islamic law and legal system studies of Saudi Arabia. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1993. 813 pp.

346

Somalia

3362. WAHBA, Tawfīq ʿAlī. L’applicazione della šarīʿa e il suo ruolo nella stabilizzazione della sicurezza nel Regno di Arabia Saudita. Dossier Mondo Islamico 1. Dibattito sull’applicazione della Shariʿa. Turin: Edizioni della Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli, 1995, pp. 23–27. 3363. WALKER, Jeffrey K. The rights of the accused in Saudi criminal procedure. Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Journal, 15 iv (1993) pp. 863–888. 3364. WARDAK, Ali. Crime and social control in Saudi Arabia. Transnational and comparative criminology. Ed. James W.E. Sheptycki, Ali Wardak. London: Cavendish, 2004. 375 pp. 3365. WASELLA, Jürgen. Vom Fundamentalisten zum Atheisten: die Dissiden­ tenkarriere des ʿAbdallāh al-Qāṣīmī 1907–1996. Gotha: Perthes, 1997. 265 pp. 3366. WEINBERG, Jon. Sword of justice? Beheadings rise in Saudi Arabia. Harvard International Review, 29 iv (2008) pp. 15. 3367. WILCKE, Christoph. Precarious justice: arbitrary detention and unfair trials in the deficient criminal justice system of Saudi Arabia. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2008. 144 pp. 3368. YOUNG, Jacqueline M. Torture and inhumane punishment of United States citizens in Saudi Arabia and the United States government’s failure to act. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 16 iv (1993) pp. 663–687. 3369. ZOFAIRI, Fayez Al. Un aspect de la neutralisation des normes pénales: la théorie des faits justificatifs: étude comparée des droits français, kowéitien et saoudien. Thèse de Doctorat en droit pénal et sciences criminelles. Université de Poitiers, 1997, 2 vols. 549 pp.

Somalia 3370. ABBINK, Jon. The Islamic Courts Union: the ebb and flow of a Somali Islamist movement. Movers and shakers. Social movements in Africa. Ed. Steven Ellis, Ineke van Kessel. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2009, pp. 87–113.

Somalia

347

3371.

ABDILE, Mahdi. Customary dispute resolution in Somalia. African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, 2 i (2012) pp. 87–110.

3372.

ABDULKADIR, Rahma & ACKLEY, Caroline. The role of Shariʿa-based restorative justice in the transition from armed conflict to peacebuilding: do Somalis hold the view that the restorative justice aspects within qisas offer a solution? Northeast African Studies, 14 ii (2014) pp. 111–132.

3373.

ABDULLAHI “BAADIYOW”, Abdurahman. Recovering the Somali state. The role of Islam, Islamism and transitional justice. London: Adonis & Abbey Publishers, 2017. 278 pp.

3374.

ALBANESE, Giulio. Temoignage: “Croyez-moi, couper des mains, ce n’est pas une partie de plaisir!” Cahiers de l’Orient, 68 (2002) pp. 87–94.

3375.

BARNES, Cedric & HASSAN, Harun. The rise and fall of Mogadishu’s Islamic courts. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 1 ii (2007) pp. 151–160.

3376. DILGER, Konrad. Rechtserneuerung und Islam in Somalia. Verfassung und Recht in Übersee, 12 i (1979) pp. 15–24. 3377. IBRAHIM, Ahmed Sh. The Sharia courts of Mogadishu: lessons for peace and reconciliation. War and peace in Somalia: national grievances, local conflict and Al-Shabaab. Ed. Michael Keating, Matt Waldman. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 147–154. 3378. MWANGI, Oscar Gakuo. The Union of Islamic Courts and security governance in Somalia. African Security Review, 19 i (2010) pp. 88–94. 3379. ROBINSON, Paul H. & CRIMINAL LAW RESEARCH GROUP. Draft report of the Somali criminal law recodification intitiative. University of Pennsylvania Law School, Public Law Research Paper No. 17–23, 2017. 221 pp. 3380. SKJELDERUP, Michael. Ḥudūd punishments in the forefront: application of Islamic criminal law by Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen. Journal of Law and Religion, 29 ii (2014) pp. 317–329.

348 3381.

Spain (Al-Andalus)

SKJELDERUP, Michael. Punishment on stage: application of Islamic criminal law by Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen. M.A. thesis, History of Religion, Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages. University of Oslo, 2011. 129 pp.

Spain (Al-Andalus) 3382. AISSAOUI, Souad. Aproximación al estudio de los tratados de ḥisba en al-Andalus. Oussour al-Jadida/Uṣūr al-Jadīdah, 19–20 (2015) pp. 56–65. 3383. ÁLVAREZ DE MORALES, Camilo. La sociedad de Al-Andalus y la sexualidad. Actas del congreso Conocer Al-Andalus: perspectivas desde el siglo XXI. Ed. María Mercedes Délgado Perez, Gracia López-Anguita. Sevilla: Alfar, 2010, pp. 43–76. 3384. ARCAS CAMPOY, María. Fuentes sobre los delitos de sangre en al-Andalus: dos ejemplos referidos a Córdoba (siglos X–XI) y la frontera oriental Nazarí (siglo XV). Clio & Crimen: Revista del Centro de Historia del Crimen de Durango, 10 (2013) pp. 95–109. 3385. ARCAS CAMPOY, María. Ortodoxia y pragmatismo del ‘fiqh’. Los ‘homicianos’ de la frontera oriental nazarí. Law, Christianity and modernism in Islamic society: proceedings of the eighteenth congress of the Union Européene des Arabisants et Islamisants. Ed. Urbain Vermeulen, Jan M.F. van Reeth (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, September 3–9, 1996). Lovain: Peeters, 1998, pp. 75–85. 3386. ARCAS CAMPOY, María. Actos delictivos y acción penal en la Wadiha de Ibn Habib. Boletin de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas, 34 (1998) pp. 139–146. 3387. ARIÉ, Rachel. Traduction annotée et commentée des traités de ḥisba d’Ibn ʿAdb al-Ra’ūf et de ʿUmar al-Garsīfī. Hespéris-Tamuda, 1 (1960) pp. 5–38. 3388. ARJONA CASTRO, Antonio. La sexualidad en la Espana musulmana. Cordoba: Universidad de Cordoba, 1985. 117 pp.

Spain (Al-Andalus)

349

3389. ARONSON, Stacey L. Parker. Sexual violence in las Jarchas. University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well, Faculty Working Papers, Paper 8, 2009. 31 pp. 3390. BARCELÓ TORRES, Maria del Carmen (ed.). Un tratado catalan medieval de derecho islamico. El Llibre de la Çuna e Xara dels moros. Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 1989. 123 pp. 3391.

BELLO FIERRO, Maria Isabel. La heterodoxia en Al-Andalus durante el periodo omeya. Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, 1987. 224 pp.

3392. BURNS, Robert Ignatius. Christians and the Islamic judiciary. Islam under the crusaders: colonial survival in the thirteenth-century kingdom of Valencia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973, pp. 249–270. 3393. CALERO, M.I. La justicia. Cadíes y otros magistrados. El Reino nazarí de Granada (1232–1492), política, instituciones, espacio y economía. Ed. M.J. Viguera. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (Historia de España Menéndez Pidal, VIII, 4), 2000, pp. 365–427. 3394. CALVO, Mariano. Ibn Hatim, “el toledano”. La cuarta cultura en el Toledo de las tres culturas. Tulaytula, 3 (1998) pp. 91–94. 3395. CHALMETA GENDRÓN, Pedro. Acerca de los delitos de sangre en al-Andalus durante el califato. El saber en al-Andalus: textos y estudios, vol. II, Ed. J.M. Carabaza Bravo, Aly Tawfik Mohamed-Essawy. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla, 1999, pp. 45–64. 3396. CHALMETA, Pedro. La ḥisba en Ifrīqiya et al-Andalus: étude comparative. Cahiers de Tunisie, 18/69–70 (1970) pp. 87–105. 3397. CHALMETA GENDRÓN, Pedro. El ‘Kitāb fī ādāb al-ḥisba’ (Libro del buen gobierno del zoco) de al Saqaṭī (III–IV). Al-Andalus, 33 (1968) pp. 143– 195, 367–434. 3398. CHALMETA GENDRÓN, Pedro. El ‘Kitāb fī ādāb al-ḥisba’ (Libro del buen gobierno del zoco) de al Saqaṭī (I–II). Al-Andalus, 32 (1967) pp. 125– 162, 359–397.

350

Spain (Al-Andalus)

3399. CROMPTON, Louis. Male love and Islamic law in Arab Spain. Islamic homosexualities. Culture, history, and literature. Ed. Stephen Murray. New York: New York University Press 1997, pp. 142–157. 3400. FIERRO, Maribel. Violence against women in Andalusi historical sources (third/ninth–seventh/thirteenth centuries). Violence in Islamic thought from the Qurʾān to the Mongols. Ed. Robert Gleave, István T. Kristó-Nagy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015, pp. 155–174. 3401.

FIERRO, Maribel. El castigo de los herejes y su relación con las formas del poder político y religioso en al-Andalus (ss.II/VIII–VII/XIII). El cuerpo derrotado: cómo trataban musulmanes y cristianos a los enemigos vencidos (Peninsula Ibérica, ss.VIII–XIII). Ed. Maribel Fierro, Francisco García Fitz. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2008, pp. 283–316.

3402. FIERRO, Maribel. Decapitation of Christians and Muslims in the Medieval Iberian peninsula: narratives, images, contemporary perceptions. Comparative Literature Studies, 45 ii (2008) pp. 137–164. 3403. FIERRO, M. (ed.). De muerte violenta. Política, religión y violencia en Al-Andalus. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Scientificas, 2004. 588 pp. 3404. FIERRO, M. El proceso contra Ibn Hatim al-Tulaytuli (años 457/ 1064–464/1072). Estudios onomastico-bibliográficos de al-Andalus. Ed. M. Marín. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1994, pp. 187–214. 3405. FIERRO, Maria Isabel. Heresy in al-Andalus. The legacy of Muslim Spain. Ed. Salma Khadra Jayyusi. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1992, pp. 895–904. 3406. FIERRO, Isabel. Andalusian “fatāwā” on blasphemy. Annales Islamologiques/Ḥawlīyāt Islāmīyah, 25 (1991) pp. 103–117. 3407. FIERRO, María Isabel. Accusations of zandaqa in al-Andalus. Quaderni di Studi Arabi, 5–6 (1987–1988) pp. 251–258. 3408. GARCÍA GÓMEZ, Emilio. Sobre la diferencia en el castigo de plebeyos y nobles. Al-Andalus, 36 i (1971) pp. 71–80.

Spain (Al-Andalus)

351

3409. GLICK, T.F. New perspectives on the ḥisba and its Hispanic derivatives. Al-Qanṭara: Revista de Estudios Árabes, 13 ii (1992) pp. 475–489. 3410.

HALLAQ, Wael. Murder in Cordoba: ijtihād and iftāʾ and the evolution of substantive law in medieval Islam. Acta Orientalia, 55 (1994) pp. 55–83.

3411.

HOUR, R. El. The Andalusian qāḍī in the Almoravid period: political and judicial authority. Studia Islamica, 90 (2000) pp. 67–83.

3412.

JALLAF, Muhammad ʿAbd al-Wahab. La justicia: cadies y otros magistrados. Los reinos de taifas: al-Andalus en el siglo XI. Ed. María Jesus Viguera Molins. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (Historia de Espana Menéndez Pidal, VIII, 1), 1994, pp. 163–190.

3413.

JIMENEZ DE ASUA, Luis. Derecho penal hispano-árabe. Buenos Aires: Instituto Cultural Argentino-Hispano-Arabe, 1943. 24 pp.

3414.

LAGARDÈRE, Vincent. La haute judicature à l’époque almoravide en al-Andalus. Al-Qanṭara, 7 (1986) pp. 135–228.

3415.

MARÍN, Manuela. Quién lo hizo? Datos sobre la investigación de delitos de sangre en Al-Andalus. Al-Qanṭara, 26 ii (2005) pp. 405–424.

3416.

MARÍN, Manuela. En los márgenes de la ley: el consumo de alcohol en al-Ándalus. Identidades marginales. Ed. Cristina de la Puente. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2003, pp. 271–328.

3417.

MEOUAK, Mohamed. Remarques sur les charges et les fontionnaires de la police (šurṭa) dans l’Espagne umayyade. Acta Orientalia (Copenhagen), 60 (1999) pp. 48–57.

3418.

MOLINA LOPEZ, Emilio. L’attitude des juristes de al-Andalus en matière de droit pénal: à propos d’une publication récente sur le thème. Actes du VIIe Colloque Universitaire Tuniso-Espagnol sur le patrimoine andalous dans la culture arabe et espagnole (Tunis 3–10 février 1989). Tunis: CERES, 1991, pp. 155–191.

3419.

MORAL MOLINA, Celia del. Un zahir de la época almorávid: instrucciones al “sahib al-surta”. Actas del II Congreso Internacional “Encuentro de las Tres Culturas”. Toledo 3–6 octubre 1983. Toledo: Ayuntamiento de Toledo, 1983, pp. 229–238.

352

Spain (Al-Andalus)

3420. MÜLLER, Christian. Redressing injustice: Maẓālim jurisdictions at the Umayyad court of Córdoba (eighth–eleventh centuries CE). Court cultures in the Muslim world: seventh to nineteenth centuries. Ed. Albrecht Fuess, Jan-Peter Hartung. Abingdon: Routledge, 2014, pp. 93–104. 3421.

MÜLLER, Christian. L’assassinat du savant Abū Marwān al-Ṭubnī: drame familial et judiciaire. Al-Qanṭara, 26 ii (2005) pp. 425–448.

3422. MÜLLER, Christian. Judging with God’s law on earth: judicial powers of the qāḍī al-jamāʿa of Cordoba in the fifth/eleventh century. Islamic Law and Society, 7 ii (2000) pp. 122–159. 3423. MÜLLER, Christian. Gerichtspraxis im Stadtstaat Córdoba: Zum Recht der Gesellschaft in einer malikitisch-islamischen Rechtstradition des 5./11. Jahrhunderts. Leiden: Brill, 1999. 468 pp. 3424. OUAZZANI CHAHDI, Loubna El. El proceso penal hispano-musulmán: Competencia, iniciación y pruebas (Estudio realizado a traves de las fatuas contenidas en el Miʾyar de Al Wansharisi). Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho, 13 (2006) pp. 221–260. 3425. OUAZZANI CHAHDI, Loubna El. El delito de robo en el derecho penal Hispano-Musulmán. Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho, 12 (2005) pp. 285–304. 3426. OUAZZANI CHAHDI, Loubna El. Teoría y practica en el derecho penal andalusí. Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho, 10 (2003) pp. 363–384. 3427. OUAZZANI CHAHDI, Loubna El. Derecho penal en al-Ándalus: teoría y practica. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 2003. 3428. PELÁEZ PORTALES, David. El proceso judicial en la España musulmana (siglos VIII–XII) con especial referencia a la ciudad de Córdoba. Cordoba: Al Amendro, 2000. 466 pp. 3429. PUENTE, Cristina de la. Cabezas cortadas: símbolos de poder y terror. Al-Andalus s. II–VIII–IV–X. El cuerpo derrotado: cómo trataban musulmanes y cristianos a los enemigos vencidos (Peninsula Ibérica, ss. VIII– XIII). Ed. Maribel Fierro. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Scientíficas, 2008, pp. 319–348.

Spain (Al-Andalus)

353

3430. PUENTE, Cristina de la. En las cárceles del poder: Prisión en al-Andalus bajo los Omeyas (ss. II/VIII–IV/X). De muerte violenta: Política, religion y violencia en al-Andalus. Ed. Maribel Fierro. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2004, pp. 103–133. 3431.

RODRÍGUEZ, Fernando. Instituciones judiciales: cadíes y otras magistraturas. El retroceso territorial de al-Andalus. Almorávides y almohades, siglos XI al XIII. Ed. M.J. Viguera. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (Historia de España Menéndez Pidal, VIII, 2), 1997, pp. 435–546.

3432. ROY MARÍN, María José. Aportación al estudio del delito sexual: el caso de los moros de Zaragoza en el siglo XIV. Actas del VIII Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo. De mudéjares a moriscos: una conversión forzada. (Teruel, September 15–17, 1999). Teruel: Centro de estudios mudéjares (CEM), 2002, vol. 1, pp. 195–210. 3433. SERRANO, Delfina. Judicial procedure and legal practice on liʿān (imprecatory oath) in Andalus: the evidence from model Shurūṭ collections, 11th–12th centuries. Justice and leadership in early Islamic courts. Ed. Intisar A. Rabb & Abigail Krasner Balbale. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017, pp. 149–170. 3434. SERRANO, Delfina. La yajuz li-hukm al-muslimin an yahkum bayna-huma: Ibn Rushd al-Jadd (Cordoba d. 1126 CE) and the restriction on dhimmis shopping for Islamic judicial forums in al-Andalus. Religious minorities in Christian, Jewish and Muslim law (5th–15th centuries). Ed. Nora Berend, Youna Hameau-Masset, Capucine Nemo-Pekelman, John Tolan. Turnhout (Belgium): Brepols Publishers (RELMIN, 8), 2017, pp. 395–411. 3435. SERRANO, Delfina. Forum shopping in al-Andalus (II): discussing Coran V, 42 and 49 (Ibn Ḥazm, Ibn Rushd al-Jadd, Abū Bakr Ibn al-ʽArabī and al-Qurṭubī). Law and religious minorities in medieval societies: between theory and praxis. Ed. Ana Echevarría, Juan Pedro Monferrer, John Tolan. Turnhout (Belgium): Brepols Publishers (RELMIN 9), 2016, pp. 173–196. 3436. SERRANO, Delfina. Bringing arbitration (taḥkīm) and conciliation (ṣulḥ) under the qāḍī’s purview in Mālikī al-Andalus (10th to 12th centuries CE). Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 140 (2016) pp. 73–100.

354

Spain (Al-Andalus)

3437. SERRANO, Delfina. El recurso a las autoridades musulmanas por parte de los ḏimmíes en el Occidente islámico: de nuevo sobre la deportación de los cristianos tributarios al Magreb en 1126 d.C. (fetua de Ibn Ward). Culturas de al-Andalus. Ed. Fátima Roldán. Sevilla: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla—Ayuntamiento de Almonaster la Real, 2015, pp. 175–194. 3438. SERRANO, Delfina. Judicial pluralism under the “Berber empires” (last quarter of the 11th century CE/first half of the 13th century CE). Bulletin d’Études Orientales, 63 (2014) pp. 243–274. 3439. SERRANO, Delfina. “Una advertencia por otra”. Compasión y crueldad en el relato de la pasión y muerte de Ibn Wafid. Crueldad y compasión en la literatura árabe e islámica. Estudios Árabes e Islámicos, 19. Ed. Delfina Serrano. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Córdoba, 2011, pp. 251–272. 3440. SERRANO, Delfina. Chief qadi (qadi l-jamaʿa), non-qadi judges, Almoravid rulers and the limits of adjudication in matters of hudud punishments. AJAMES: Annals of Japan Association of Middle East Studies, 27 i (2011) pp. 209–236. 3441.

SERRANO, Delfina. Explicit cruelty, implicit compassion: Judaism, forced conversions and the genealogy of the Banu Rushd. Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies, 2 ii (2010) pp. 217–233.

3442. SERRANO, Delfina. Doctrina legal sobre la rebelión en juristas andalusíes. El cuerpo derrotado: cómo trataban musulmanes y cristianos a los enemigos vencidos (Península Ibérica, ss. VIII–XIII). Ed. Maribel Fierro, Francisco García Fitz. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2008, pp. 257–282. 3443. SERRANO, Delfina. El Corán como fuente de legislación islámica: Abu Bakr Ibn al-ʿArabī y su obra Ahkām al-qurʾān. El Corán ayer y hoy. Perspectivas actuales sobre el islam. Estudios en honor del Profesor Julio Cortés. Ed. M. Hernando de Larramendi, S. Peña Martín. Córdoba: Berenice, 2008, pp. 251–275.

355

Sudan

3444. SERRANO, Delfina. Twelve court cases on the application of penal law under the Almoravids. Dispensing justice in Islam. Qadis and their judgments. Ed. Muhammad Khalid Masud, Rudolph Peters, David S. Powers. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2006, pp. 473–493. 3445. SERRANO, Delfina. ¿Por qué llamaron los almohades antropomorfistas a los almorávides? Los almohades: problemas y perspectivas. Ed. M. Fierro, P. Cressier, L. Molina. Madrid: CSIC/Casa de Velázquez, 2005, vol. 2, pp. 815–852. 3446. SERRANO, Delfina. Sección monográfica: Violencia, crimen y castigo a través de fuentes legales islámicas (Península Ibérica y Magrib). Presentación. Al-Qanṭara, 26 ii (2005) pp. 381–386. 3447. SERRANO, Delfina. Legal practice in an Andalusī-Maghribī source from the twelfth century CE: the madhāhib al-ḥukkām fī nawāzil al-aḥkām. Islamic Law and Society, 7 ii (2000) pp. 187–235. 3448. WASSERSTEIN, David. A fatwā on conversion in Islamic Spain. Studies in Muslim-Jewish Relations, 1 (1993) pp. 177–188. 3449. WICKENS, G.M. Al-Jarsīfī on the ḥisba. Islamic Quarterly, 3 (1956– 1957) pp. 176–187.

Sudan 3450. ABDEL HALIM, Asma. Gendered justice: women and the application of penal laws in the Sudan. Criminal law reform and transitional justice: human rights perceptions for Sudan. Ed. Lutz Oette. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 227–241. 3451.

ABDEL HALIM, Asma Mohammad. From the Mahdiyya to the Salvation: women’s rights in the Sudanese laws. Durham: Durham University, Luce Fellowship Paper No. 11, 2010. 20 pp.

3452. ABDEL HALIM, Asma Mohammad. Challenges to the application of international women’s human rights in the Sudan. Human rights of women: national and international perspectives. Ed. Rebecca J. Cook. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994, pp. 397–421.

356

Sudan

3453. ABDELMOULA, Adam M. The ‘fundamentalist’ agenda for human rights: the Sudan and Algeria. Arab Studies Quarterly, 18 i (1996) pp. 1–28. 3454. ABDELSALAM, Abdelsalam Hassan & MEDANI, Amin M. Criminal law reform and human rights in African and Muslim countries with particular reference to Sudan. Criminal law reform and transitional justice: human rights perspectives for Sudan. Ed. Lutz Oette. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 33–56. 3455. ADIB, Nabil. At the state’s mercy: arrest, detention and trials under Sudanese law. Criminal law reform and transitional justice: human rights perceptions for Sudan. Ed. Lutz Oette. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 121–138. 3456. AFFENDI, Abdelwahab El-. Islam and human rights: the lessons from Sudan. The Muslim World, 91 (2001) pp. 481–506. 3457. ALDEEB ABU-SAHLIEH, Sami Awad. Soudan: La mort d’un hérétique. Choisir: Revue Culturelle d’Information et de Réflexion, 304 (1985) pp. 30–31. 3458. AMIN, El Bushra Mohamed El-. The criminal justice of the Republic of Sudan. The protection of human rights in African criminal proceedings. Ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni, Ziyad Motala. Dordrecht & Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1995, pp. 227–252. 3459. AMIN, Hosni & RAMADAN, Kamal. Sudan criminal law. Sudan law and international human rights norms. Comparative research. Ed. Mahgoub El-Tigani Mahmoud. Lewiston, NY etc.: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2002, pp. 320–357. 3460. AMIN, Hosni & RAMADAN, Kamal. The law of criminal procedure. Sudan law and international human rights norms. Comparative research. Ed. Mahgoub El-Tigani Mahmoud. Lewiston, NY etc.: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2002, pp. 359–392. 3461.

Arabische Blutrache. Mittheilungen der kaiserlichen und königlichen geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15 (1872) pp. 395–400.

Sudan

357

3462. AWAD, Siham Samir. The impact of the application of Sharia law on the rights of non-Muslims in the light of international principles: the case of Sudan. M.A. thesis, McGill University, 1995. 158 pp. 3463. BABIKER, Mohamed Abdelsalam. The prosecution of international crimes under Sudan’s criminal and military laws: developments, gaps and limitations. Criminal law reform and transitional justice: human rights perspectives for Sudan. Ed. Lutz Oette. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 161–181. 3464. BELLA, Hamouda Fathelrahman. Shariʿa in Sudan. Radical Islam’s rules: the worldwide spread of extreme Sharia law. Ed. Paul Marshall. Lanham, MD etc.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005, pp. 87–112. 3465. BEN HOUNET, Yazid. Crime and punishment: intentionality and diya in Algeria and Sudan. On retaliation: towards an interdisciplinary understanding of a basic human condition. Ed. Bertram Turner, Günther Schlee. New York & Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2017, pp. 145–163. 3466. BEN HOUNET, Yazid. Crime, intentionnalité et conciliation en Algérie et au Soudan. Cahiers d’Anthropologie Sociale, 13 (2016) pp. 78–93. 3467. BEN HOUNET, Yazid. Cent dromadaires et quelques arrangements: notes sur la diya (prix du sang) et son application actuelle au Soudan et en Algérie. Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 131 (2012) pp. 203–221. 3468. BEN HOUNET, Yazid. “La réconciliation (sulh) c’est la base!”: à propos des articulations entre cours de justice et instances non officielles de réconciliation (Algérie/Soudan). Diogène, 3–4 (2012) pp. 210–224. 3469. BERRIDGE, William. The ambiguous role of the popular, society and public order police in Sudan, 1983–2011. Middle Eastern Studies, 49 iv (2013) pp. 528–546. 3470. BERRIDGE, William James. Under the shadows of the regime: the contradictions of policing in Sudan, c. 1924–1989. Ph.D. dissertation, Durham University, 2011. 277 pp.

358 3471.

Sudan

Beset by contradictions: Islamization, legal reform, and human rights in Sudan. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1996. 98 pp.

3472. BLEUCHOT, Hervé. La liberté religieuse au Soudan: du système moderne au système antique. Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord, Editions du CNRS, 1997, pp. 143–173. 3473. BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Les cultures contre l’homme? Essai d’anthropologie historique du droit pénal soudanais. Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires d’Aix-Marseille, 1994. 480 pp. 3474.

BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Le droit penal colonial et les reactions soudanaises. Changing identities. The transformation of Asian and African studies under colonialism. Ed. J. Heidrich. Berlin: Verlag Das Arabische Buch, 1994, pp. 375–400.

3475. BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Cultures juridiques soudanaises et droits fondamentaux: pour une anthropologie du droit musulman à travers l’histoire du droit pénal soudanais. Thèse de doctorat en Droit, Université d’Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. 492 pp. 3476. BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Islam, droit pénal et politique: sur deux ouvrages de Sadiq al-Mahdi. Sūdān: history, identity, ideology/Histoire, identités, idéologies. Ed. Hervé Bleuchot, Christian Delmet, Derek Hopwood. Reading: Ithaca Press, 1991, pp. 269–285. 3477. BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Signification de la réforme mahdiste du droit islamique. Second international Sudan studies conference papers. Sudan: environment and people, 8–11 April 1991. Durham: University of Durham, 1991, vol. 1, pp. 103–113. 3478. BLEUCHOT, Hervé. Le code pénal islamique soudanais de 1983. Revue de la Recherche Juridique. Droit Prospectif, 41 (1990–1992) pp. 313–337. 3479. BUSHRA, M. El-Amin El-. Criminal justice & crime problem in Sudan. Khartoum: Khartoum University Press, 1998. 226 pp. 3480. COOK, R.A. Blood money and the law of homicide in the Sudan. Sudan Law Journal and Reports, (1962) pp. 470–484.

Sudan

3481.

359 Criminalisation of women in Sudan. Kampala, Uganda: Strategic Ini­ tiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA) & London: REDRESS, 2017. 53 pp.

3482. Criminal justice and human rights: an agenda for effective human rights protection in Sudan’s new constitution. London: REDRESS, 2012. 21 pp. 3483. Criminal law and human rights in Sudan: a baseline study London: REDRESS, 2008. 22 pp. 3484. Criminal law reform in Sudan. Resource materials. London: REDRESS, 2008. 23 pp. 3485. The crocodile tears: a response by the government of Sudan to the highly dramatic book published recently by Amnesty International under the title “The tears of orphans”. London: Sudan Foundation, 1997. 3486. CUNNISON, I. Blood, vengeance and joint responsibility: the Baggara case. Essays in Sudan ethnography. Ed. I. Cunnison, W. James. London: C. Hurst, 1972, pp. 105–125. 3487. DELMET, Christian. La place de la loi Islamique dans le système judiciaire soudanais, évolution et perspectives. Afrique Contemporaine, 156 iv (1990) pp. 273–283. 3488. The draft Social Control Act, 2011, for Khartoum State: flogging into submission for the public order. London: REDRESS, 2011. 18 pp. 3489. ELKHALIFA, Abdel Rahman Ibrahim. Development and future of English law and Islamic law in the Sudan. Ph.D. dissertation, McGill University, 1988. 321 pp. 3490. ELTAYEB, Muna Eltayeb M. Jurisprudence on sexual offences and proposals to close the gaps for the prosecution of rape in the Sudan. Call to reform laws that deny victims of sexual violence access to justice under the law. Equality Now, 2014. 21 pp. [online]. 3491.

FADLALLA, Amal Hassan. Vulnerability unveiled: Lubna’s pants and humanitarian visibility on the verge of Sudan’s secession. Veiling in Africa. Ed. Elisha P. Renne. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2013, pp. 205–223.

360

Sudan

3492. FLUEHR-LOBBAN, C. Shariʿa and Islamism in Sudan: conflict, law and social transformation. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012. 343 pp. 3493. FLUEHR-LOBBAN, C. Islamization in Sudan: a critical assessment. Middle East Journal, 44 (1990) pp. 610–623. 3494. FLUEHR-LOBBAN, C. Recent developments in the Shari’a law of Egypt and the Sudan. American Research Center in Egypt Newsletter, 127 (1984) pp. 7–12. 3495. FRICKE, Adrienne L. & KHAIR, Amira. Laws without justice: an assessment of Sudanese laws affecting survivors of rape. Washington, DC: Refugees International, 2007. 21 pp. 3496. GIZOULI, Kamal El. Sudanese National Security Forces Act 1999 and problems of criminal justice during the transitional period in Sudan (with emphasis on the crime of torture). Law reform in the Sudan. Ed. Akolda Tier, Balghis Badri. Cairo: Ahfad University for Women, 2008, pp. 94–121. 3497. GORDON, Carey N. The Islamic legal revolution: the case of Sudan. The International Lawyer, 19 iii (1985) pp. 793–815. 3498. GRAVELLE, Kent Benedict. Islamic laws in Sudan: a comparative analysis. ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, 5 i (1998– 1999) pp. 1–22. 3499. HAMO, Ahmed Ali. Lectures on the criminal law of the Sudan 1991. Khartoum North: International Printing House, 1992. 172 pp. 3500. HASHIM, Fahima A. Organizing around rape law reform in Sudan Women Living under Muslim Laws, Dossier 32–33 (2014) pp. 51–57. 3501.

HASSAN, Abd El-Wahab Ahmed el-. The doctrine of duress (ikrah) in Sharia, Sudan and English law. Arab Law Quarterly, 1 ii (1986) pp. 231–236.

3502. HILLAWI, Hatim Babiker Abdel Gadir. Women and crime in the Sudan. The Sudanese woman. Ed. S. Kenyon. Khartoum: University of Khartoum, 1987, pp. 134–148.

Sudan

361

3503. IBRAHIM, Abdullahi Ali. Manichaean delirium. Decolonizing the judiciary and Islamic renewal in the Sudan, 1898–1985. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2008. 426 pp. 3504. IBRAHIM, Taha. Why the criminal law needs to be reformed. Law reform in the Sudan. Ed. Akolda Tier, Balghis Badri. Cairo: Ahfad University for Women, 2008, pp. 122–137. 3505. Implementing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the National Interim Constitution? An empirical asessment of the law reform process in Sudan: challenges and prospects. London: REDRESS, 2009. 45 pp. 3506. ISMAIL, Omer Sid Ahmed. Zur Entwicklung des sudanesischen Rechts vor allem auf dem Gebiet des Deliktrechts aus übernommenem engli­ schen Recht. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Hamburg, 1982. 330 pp. 3507. JEPPIE, Shamil. Sharia and state in the Sudan: from late colonialism to late Islamism. Powers: religion as a social and spiritual force. Ed. Meerten B. ter Borg, Jan Willem van Henten. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010, pp. 149–166. 3508. The judiciary in Sudan: its role in the protection of human rights during the comprehensive peace agreement interim period (2005–2011). African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies, 2012. [online]. 3509. KENYON, Carleton W. The Sudan: law of criminal procedure. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1984. 3510.

KOK, P.N. Conflict over laws in the Sudan: ‘from pluralism to monolithicism’. Sudan: history, identity, ideology/histoire, identité idéologies. Ed. Hervé Bleuchot, Christian Delmet, Derek Hopwood. Reading: Ithaca Press. Published for IREMAM, Aix-en-Provence & the Middle East Centre, Oxford, 1991, pp. 235–252.

3511.

KÖNDGEN, Olaf. The codification of Islamic criminal law in the Sudan. Penal codes and supreme court case law under Numayrī and al-Bashīr. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2017. 480 pp.

3512.

KÖNDGEN, Olaf. Codifying a jurists’ law: Islamic criminal legislation and supreme court case law in the Sudan under Numairi and Bashīr. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Amsterdam, 2013. 476 pp.

362

Sudan

3513.

KÖNDGEN, Olaf. Sharia and national law in the Sudan. Sharia incorporated. Ed. Jan Michiel Otto. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010, pp. 181–230.

3514.

KÖNDGEN, Olaf. Sharia en nationaal recht in Soedan. Sharia en nationaal recht in twalf moslimlanden. Ed. J.M. Otto, A.J. Dekker, L.J. van Soest-Zuurdeeg. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006, pp. 113–144.

3515.

KÖNDGEN, Olaf. Die Islamisierung von Recht und Gesellschaft im Sudan 1983 bis 1993. KAS-Auslandsinformationen, 2 (1994) pp. 27–44.

3516.

KÖNDGEN, Olaf. Die Kodifikation des islamischen Strafrechts im Sudan. Sudan. Ed. Sigrid Faath, Hanspeter Mattes. Hamburg: HansPeter Mattes Verlag/edition wuqûf, vol. 7–8, 1993, pp. 223–254.

3517.

KÖNDGEN, Olaf. Das islamisierte Strafrecht des Sudan. Hamburg: Deutsches Orient-Institut, 1992. 145 pp.

3518.

LAMOUREAUX, Siri. Registers of justice and feminine agencies in sexual violence in Sudan. Working Papers of the Priority Programme 1448 of the German Research Foundation. Adaptation and Creativity in Africa: technologies and significations in the making of order and disorder, Nr. 28, Leipzig & Halle, 2018. 21 pp.

3519.

LAURO, L.J. & SAMUELSON, P.A. Toward pluralism in Sudan: a traditionalist approach. Harvard International Law Journal, 37 i (1996) pp. 65–138.

3520. LAYISH, Aharon. The Mahdi’s legal opinion as an instrument of reform. Issues in divorce, inheritance, false accusation of unlawful intercourse and homicide. Legal documents as sources for the history of Muslim societies. Ed. Maaike van Berkel, Léon Buskens, Petra M. Sijpestein. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2017, pp. 85–106. 3521.

LAYISH, Aharon. Sharīʿa and the Islamic state in 19th-century Sudan. The Mahdīʾs legal methodology and doctrine. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2016. 344 pp.

Sudan

363

3522. LAYISH, Aharon. The Sudanese Mahdīʾs legal methodology as an instrument of accomodation. Folia Orientalia, 49 (2012) pp. 283–294. 3523. LAYISH, Aharon & WARBURG, Gabriel R. The reinstatement of Islamic law in Sudan under Numayri. An evaluation of a legal experiment in the light of its historical context, methodology, and repercussions. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2002. 348 pp. 3524. LAYISH, Aharon. The Mahdi’s legal methodology as a mechanism for adapting the Sharîʿa in the Sudan to political and social purposes. Revue des mondes musulmanes et de la Méditerranée, 91–94 (2000) pp. 221–238. 3525. Les Chrétiens et la législation sur la Shariʿa au Soudan. Islam et Societés au Sud du Sahara, 3 (1989) pp. 195–206. 3526. MAHMOUD, Mahgoub el-Tigani (ed.). Sudan law and international human rights norms: comparative research. Lewiston, NY etc.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2002. 576 pp. 3527. MAHMOUD, Mahgoub El-Tigani. The Mahdist correctional system in the Sudan: aspects of ideology and politics. Africa Today, 28 ii (1981) pp. 78–86. 3528. MAKEC, John Wuol. Sudan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 9 (2002–2003) pp. 247–260. 3529. MAKEC, John Wuol. Sudan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 4 (1997–1998) pp. 308–329. 3530. MARLER, Isabel. Sudan’s revised Penal Code: a mixed picture for women. Women Living Under Muslim Laws, 2015. 5 pp. 3531.

MASSOUD, Mark Fathi. Sudan’s rule of law revolution. Current History, 119 (2020) pp. 169–174.

3532. MASSOUD, Mark Fathi. How an Islamic state rejected Islamic law. American Journal of Comparative Law, 66 iii (2018) pp. 579–602.

364

Sudan

3533. MASSOUD, Mark Fathi. The politics of Islamic law and human rights: Sudan’s rival legal systems. The new legal realism. Volume II. Studying law globally. Ed. Heinz Klug, Sally Engle Merry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 96–112. 3534. MASSOUD, Mark Fathi. Law’s fragile state: colonial, authoritarian, and humanitarian legacies in Sudan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 304 pp. 3535. MEDANI, Amin M. A legacy of institutionalized repression: criminal law and justice in Sudan. Criminal law reform and transitional justice: human rights perceptions for Sudan. Ed. Lutz Oette. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 67–88. 3536. MEDANI, Amin Mekki. Sudan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 12 (2005–2006) pp. 323–350. 3537. MUHAMMAD, Niʿma Karrar. The influence of the application of Shariyʿa on crime and public security (the Sudan case). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Durham, 1991. 275 pp. 3538. MUSTAFA ALI, Nada. Sudan after Al-Turabi. Hawwa, 14 i (2016) pp. 3–19. 3539. NAGAR, Samia al- & TØNNESSEN, Liv & BAMKAR, Sharifa. Weak law forbidding female genital mutilation in Red Sea State, Sudan. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2017. 15 pp. 3540. NAʿIM, Abdullahi Ahmed An-. The application of Shariʿa (Islamic law) and human rights in the Sudan. Islamic law and human rights. Challenges and rejoinders. Ed. Tore Lindholm, Karin Vogt. Copenhagen: Nordic Human Rights Publications, 1993, pp. 135–148. 3541.

NAʿIM, Abdullahi Ahmed An-. The Islamic law of apostasy and its modern applicability: a case from the Sudan. Religion, 16 (1986) pp. 197–224.

3542. NATALONI, Maria Chiara. Note sul diritto sudanese. La riforma islamica del codice penale. Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell’Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, 43 iii (1988) pp. 337–359. 3543. No more cracking of the whip: time to end corporal punishment in Sudan. London: REDRESS, 2012. 45 pp.

Sudan

365

3544. OETTE, Lutz (ed.). Criminal law reform and transitional justice: human rights perceptions for Sudan. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011. 328 pp. 3545. OETTE, Lutz. Law reform in times of peace processes and transitional justice: the Sudanese dimension. Criminal law reform and transitional justice: human rights perceptions for Sudan. Ed. Lutz Oette. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 11–31. 3546. OETTE, Lutz. Future perspectives: debating criminal law reform and human rights in Sudan. Criminal law reform and transitional justice: human rights perceptions for Sudan. Ed. Lutz Oette. Farnham etc.: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 297–301. 3547. O’FAHEY, Sean. The past in the present? The issue of the Sharia in Sudan. Religion & politics in East Africa. Ed. Holger Bernt Hansen, Michael Twaddle. London: James Curry, 1995, pp. 32–44. 3548. OMER, A. Ibrahim. Proof in Islamic law with special reference to the Sudan. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 1986. 520 pp. 3549. O’SULLIVAN, Declan. The death sentence for Mahmoud Muhammad Taha: misuse of the Sudanese legal system and Islamic Shariʿa law? The International Journal of Human Rights, 5 iii (2001) pp. 45–70. 3550. The Penal and Criminal Procedure Codes of the Sudan. Printed and published by the authority of the Governor General. London: McCorquodale & Co. Ltd., 1924. 464 pp. 3551.

Priorities for criminal law reform in Sudan: substance and process. London: REDRESS, 2008. 18 pp.

3552. Project for criminal law reform—Sudan (PCLRS). London: REDRESS, 2008. 5 pp. 3553. ROALD, Anne Sofie. Freedom of religion in Sudan. Ed. Anne Sofie Roald, Anh Nga Longva. Religious minorities in the Middle East. Domination, self-empowerment, accomodation, 2012, pp. 149–170. 3554. SAFWAT, Safia. Sudan. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 1 (1994) pp. 237–253.

366

Sudan

3555. SAFWAT, Safia. Islamic laws: the case of Sudan. Loccumer Protokolle, 57 (1994) pp. 331–339. 3556. SAFWAT, Safia. Islamic laws in the Sudan. Islamic law, social and historical contexts. Ed. Aziz Al-Azmeh. London: Routledge, 1988, pp. 231–249. 3557. SALMAN, Salman M.A. Lay tribunals in the Sudan: an historical and socio-legal analysis. Journal of Legal Pluralism, 15 xxi (1983) pp. 61–128. 3558. SCHOLZ, Peter. Die koranischen Delikte (ḥudūd) im sudanesischen Strafrecht. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 112 ii (2000) pp. 431–460. 3559. SHEIKH, Mohamad A. El-. The applicability of Islamic penal law (qiṣāṣ and diyah) in the Sudan. Ph.D. dissertation, Temple University, 1986. 332 pp. 3560. SHEIKH, Mohamad El-. Court of criminal jurisdiction: a comparative study in Sudanese, United States and Islamic laws. M.C.J. dissertation, Howard University, 1980. 3561.

SHERMAN, Steven C. Shariʿa law in the Sudan: why it does not work under the Sudanese constitutions of 1973 and 1985. Dickinson Journal of International Law, (1988–1989) pp. 277–299.

3562. SIDAHMED, Abdel-Salam. Problems in contemporary applications of Islamic criminal sanctions: the penalty for adultery in relation to women. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 28 ii (2001) pp. 187–204. 3563. Strategic Initiative on Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA). The public order regime and the human rights of women and girls in Sudan. A discussion paper. Submission to the 46th Ordinary Session of the African Commmission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Banjul, Gambia, 12 November 2009. 3564. Sudan: new Islamic Penal Code violates basic human rights. Human Rights Watch Africa, 3 ix (1991). 15 pp.

Sudan

367

3565. The Sudan Penal Code and the ordinances, rules, etc. constituting and regulating the procedure of the civil, criminal & Mohammedan law courts of the Sudan. Khartoum: El Sudan Printing Press, 1908. 433 pp. 3566. Sudan: The Criminal Act 1991. Arab Law Quarterly, 9 i (1994) pp. 32–80. 3567. TAYEB, Mohamed Saeed Mohamed El. Religious freedoms in the context of human rights: a case from the Sudan. Master thesis, University of Lund, 1995. 79 pp. 3568. TENAI, N.K. Religious extremism: the case of Sudan’s Mariam Yahya Ibrahim Ishag. Verbum et Ecclesia, 37 i (2016) pp. 1–8. 3569. TIER, Akolda M. & BADRI, Balghis (eds.). Law reform in Sudan. Cairo: Ahfad University for Women, 2008. 254 pp. 3570. TIER, Akolda M. Islamization of the Sudan laws and constitution: its allure and its impracticability. Verfassung und Recht in Übersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, 25 ii (1992) pp. 199–219. 3571.

TIER, Akolda M. Freedom of religion under the Sudan constitution and laws. Journal of African Law, 26 ii (1982) pp. 133–151.

3572.

Time for change: reforming Sudan’s legislation on rape and sexual violence. London: REDRESS, 2008. 68 pp.

3573.

TØNNESSEN, Liv & NAGAR, Samia al-. The politicization of abortion and hippocratic disobedience in Islamist Sudan. Health and Human Rights Journal, 21 ii (2019) pp. 7–19.

3574.

TØNNESSEN, Liv. Enemies of the state: curbing women activists advocating rape reform in Sudan. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 18 ii (2017) pp. 143–155.

3575.

TØNNESSEN, Liv & NAGAR, Samia al-. Criminalizing female genital mutilation in Sudan: a never ending story? Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Insight No. 1), 2016, pp. 1–6.

3576. TØNNESSEN, Liv & NAGAR, Samia al-. Women and girls caught between rape and adultery in Sudan: criminal law reform, 2005–2015. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2015. 41 pp.

368 3577.

Syria

TØNNESSEN, Liv. Women’s right to abortion after rape in Sudan. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Insight No.2), 2015, pp. 1–7.

3578. TØNNESSEN, Liv. When rape becomes politics: negotiating Islamic law reform in Sudan. Women’s Studies International Forum, 44 (2014) pp. 145–153. 3579. TØNNESSEN, Liv. From impunity to prosecution? Sexual violence in Sudan beyond Darfur. NOREF: Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, 2012. 10 pp. 3580. TØNNESSEN, Liv. Feminist interlegalities and gender justice in Sudan: the debate on CEDAW and Islam. Religion and Human Rights, 6 (2011) pp. 25–39. 3581.

TØNNESSEN, Liv & ROALD, Anne Sofie. Discrimination in the name of religious freedom: the rights of women and non-Muslims after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Sudan. CMI Report R 2007:5. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2007. 50 pp.

3582. Un nouveau code pénal pour le Soudan. Revue internationale de droit pénal/International Review of Penal Law, 63 i–ii (1992) pp. 434. 3583. WARBURG, Gabriel. The Sharia in Sudan: implementation and repercussions, 1983–1989. Middle East Journal, 44 iv (1990) pp. 624–637. 3584. ZEINE, Ibrahim M. Maqāṣid and the codification of Islamic penal rules: the Sudanese experiment. Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. Explorations and implications. Ed. Mohamed El-Tahir El-Mesawi. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 2018, pp. 243–279. 3585. ZEINE, Ibrahim M. Religion, legality and the state, 1983 Sudanese Penal Code. Ph.D. dissertation, Temple University, 1989. 370 pp.

Syria 3586. EDDÉ, Anne-Marie. Hérésie et pouvoir politique en Syrie au XIIe siècle: l’éxécution d’al-Suhrawardī en 1191. La religion civique à l’époque médiévale et moderne (chrétienté et islam). Actes du colloque organisé

369

Tunisia

par le Centre de recherche “Histoire sociale et culturelle de l’Occident, XIIe–XVIIIe siècle” de l’Université de Paris X-Nanterre et l’Institut universitaire de France (Nanterre, 21–23 juin 1993). Ed. A. Vauchez. Rome: Ecole Française de Rome, 1995, pp. 235–244. 3587. HAKIM, Jacques El-. La diya et les atteintes aux personnes physiques dans le droit syrien et libanais. Annales de la Faculté de Droit de Beyrouth, (1957) pp. 248–287. 3588. KHALAF, Sulayman N. Settlement of violence in Bedouin society. Ethnology, 29 iii (1990) pp. 225–242. 3589. La justice dans les territoires hors du contrôle gouvernemental. Système judiciaire dans les territoires de l’insurrection syrienne depuis 2011. La République Française, Office français de protéction des réfugiés et apatrides (OFPRA), 2016. 15 pp. [online]. 3590. SARRAJ, Abboud Al-. Alternative means for retributive justice in violent conflicts in Syria. Conflicts and conflict resolution in Middle Eastern societies—between tradition and modernity. Ed. Hans-Jörg Albrecht et al. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2006, pp. 607–620.

Tunisia 3591.

ABRIBAT, J. Notes sur la hisba (police). Revue Tunisienne, (1911), pp. 20–31.

3592. KAZEMI, Elham. Transitional justice in Tunisia: when religion meets state. International Journal of Transitional Justice, 13 iii (2019) pp. 590–607.

United Arab Emirates 3593. ABDULLA, Saleh Abdulla Murad. The use of the death penalty under the law of the United Arab Emirates. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Aberystwyth, 2012. 373 pp.

370

United Arab Emirates

3594. ALHAMMADI, Mohamed Shaker. Ambiguity and conflict in the implementation of evidence law in criminal matters: a study of the United Arab Emirates jurisprudence. Asian Journal of Criminology, 11 iii (2016) pp. 155–178. 3595. BIN SHABIB, Rasheed Ahmed. Tortious liability in the Sharia and modern Middle East law with particular reference to UAE law. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London (SOAS), 2005. 251 pp. 3596. Diya money payable in Dubai for male or female victims is Dhs 150,000. Arab Law Quarterly, 10 iv (1995) pp. 373–374. 3597. HAMADI, Hassan Ahmed Ali Al-. Diyyah of woman according to Islamic fiqh and the judiciary in the United Arab Emirates. Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal/Majallat al-Buḥūth al-Fiqhīyah alMuʿāṣirah, 38 (1998) pp. 43–60. 3598. KHAN, Amjad Ali. UAE: Islamic punishments (hudud): judgment reverses lower court decision. Middle East Commercial Law Review, 2 ii (1996) pp. 25–26. 3599. MUHAIRI, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-. Conclusion to the series of articles on the UAE penal law (with glossary and bibliography). Arab Law Quarterly, 12 iv (1997) pp. 384–399. 3600. MUHAIRI, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-. The incompatibility of the Penal Code with Shariʿa. Arab Law Quarterly, 12 iii (1997) pp. 307–329. 3601.

MUHAIRI, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-. The Federal Penal Code and the aim of unification. Arab Law Quarterly, 12 ii (1997) pp. 197–210.

3602. MUHAIRI, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-. The Islamisation of laws in the UAE: the case of the Penal Code. Arab Law Quarterly, 11 iv (1996) pp. 350–371. 3603. MUHAIRI, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-. Islamisation and modernisation within the UAE penal law: Shariʿa in the modern era. Arab Law Quarterly, 11 i (1996) pp. 34–49. 3604. MUHAIRI, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-. The development of the UAE legal system and unification with the judicial system. Arab Law Quarterly, 11 ii (1996) pp. 116–160.

United Arab Emirates

371

3605. MUHAIRI, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-. The position of Shariʿa within the UAE constitution and the Federal Supreme Court’s application of the constitutional clause concerning Shariʿa. Arab Law Quarterly, 11 iii (1996) pp. 219–244. 3606. MUHAIRI, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-. Islamisation and modernisation within the UAE penal law: Shariʿa in the pre-modern period. Arab Law Quarterly, 10 iv (1995) pp. 287–309. 3607. MUHAIRI, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-. Conflict and continuity: Islamization and modernization within the UAE penal law. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Kent at Canterbury, 1994. 284 pp. 3608. NEUMEISTER, Christian. The Emiratization of Shariʿa: Islam, modernization and the legal system of the United Arab Emirates. B.A. thesis, Claremont McKenna College, 2015. 3609. OBAIDI, Ali & ABU BAKER, Main. Blood-money (diya) as being a compensation in the Emirati and Islamic jurisprudence. Global Business & Economics Anthology, 1 (2017) pp. 126–133. 3610.

RY, Kirsten van. Where Islam meets the West: a recommendation for the United Arab Emirates and Dubai in implementing casino-style gaming. UNLV Gaming Law Journal, 4 i (2013) pp. 103–124.

3611.

SHAALI, Khalifa Rashid Al- & KIBBLE, Neil. Policing and police accountability in the UAE: the case for reform. Arab Law Quarterly, 15 iii (2000) pp. 272–303.

3612.

SHAALI, Khalifa Rashid Mohammed Al-. Crime and control. Policing and security in the United Arab Emirates. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Aberystwyth, 1999. 237 pp.

3613.

SUWAIDI, Ghaith Ghanem Al-. The independence of the public prosecution service in the UAE: issues and proposals for reform. Arab Law Quarterly, 23 iii (2009) pp. 217–268.

3614.

VRÁNOVÁ, Barbora. The position of Islamic law in the legal system of the United Arab Emirates. B.A. thesis, Metropolitan University Prague, 2017. 58 pp.

372

United States of America

United States of America 3615.

ALHAMAD, Saud Ahmad. A comparative study of American and Islamic criminal homicide laws. M.A. thesis, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 1990. 239 pp.

3616.

ARAFA, Mohamed A. & BURNS, Jonathan G. Judicial corporal punishment in the United States? Lessons from Islamic criminal law for curing the ills of mass incarceration. Indiana International and Comparative Law Review, 25 iii (2015) pp. 385–575.

3617.

FADEL, Mohammad. Theology, torture and the United States: do Abrahamic religions have anything meaningful to say? Muslim World: A Journal Devoted to the Study of Islam, and Christian-Muslim Relations, 103 ii (2013) pp. 223–228.

3618.

HASCALL, Susan C. Shariʿah and choice: what the United States should learn from Islamic law about the role of victims’ families in death penalty cases. John Marshall Law Review, 44 (2010) pp. 1–67.

3619.

SIDDIQUI, Faisal. A comparative view of the Islamic law of sariqa (theft) and the American law of theft with reference to the State of Maryland. Journal of Islamic Law, 2 ii (1997) pp. 179–208.

Yemen 3620. ʿALÎMÎ, Rashâd al- & DUPRET, Baudouin (trad.). Le droit coutumier dans la société yéménite. Extraits de la justice tribale dans la société yéménite. Egypte/Monde Arabe, 1 (2005) pp. 17–54. 3621.

ANTHONY, Sean W. The Caliph and the heretic. Ibn Saba‌ʾ and the origins of Shīʿism. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2011. 334 pp.

3622. BURGAT, François. Le règlement des conflits tribaux au Yémen. Égypte/ Monde arabe, 1 (2005) pp. 101–126. 3623. BURGAT, François (ed.) Le règlement des conflits tribaux au Yémen. Les cahiers du CEFAS. Sanaa: CEFAS, 4 (2003). 44 pp.

Yemen

373

3624. DUPRET, Baudouin. Legal traditions and state-centered law: drawing from tribal and customary law cases of Yemen and Egypt. Nomadic societies in the Middle East and North Africa: entering the 21st Century. Ed. Dawn Chatty. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2005, pp. 280–301. 3625. HUBAISHI, H.A. Al-. Legal system and basic law in Yemen. London: Sphinx. 1990. 256 pp. 3626. LECKER, Michael. Judaism among Kinda and the ridda of Kinda. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 115 iv (1995) pp. 635–650. 3627. “Look at us with a merciful eye”: juvenile offenders awaiting execution in Yemen. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2013. 30 pp. 3628. MESSICK, Brinkley. Legal narratives from Shariʿa courts. Narratives of truth in Islamic law. Ed. Baudouin Dupret, Barbara Drieskens, Annelies Moors, London. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008, pp. 51–68. 3629. MESSICK, Brinkley. L’écriture en process: les récits d’un meurtre devant un tribunal sharʿī. Droit et Société, 39 (1998) pp. 237–256. 3630. MESSICK, Brinkley. Prosecution in Yemen: the introduction of the niyāba. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 15 iv (1983) pp. 507–518. 3631.

SHAMIRY, Najeeb. The rule of law in Yemen. Uniting North and South. The rule of law in the Middle East and the Islamic world. Human rights and the judicial process. Eugene Cotran, Mai Yamani. London & New York: I.B. Tauris, 2000, pp. 107–127.

3632. SHAMIRI, Nageeb. Yemen. The Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, 1 (1994) pp. 369–384. 3633. WAGNER, Mark S. Jews and Islamic law in early 20th-century Yemen. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2015. 208 pp. 3634. ZWAINI, Laila Al-. The rule of law in Yemen. Prospects and challenges. The Hague: The Hague Institute for Innovation of Law, 2012. 106 pp.

374

Zanzibar

3635. ZWAINI, Laila Al-. State and non-state justice in Yemen. Paper for the conference on the relationship between state and non-state justice systems in Afghanistan. 10–14 December 2006, Kabul, Afghanistan. United States Institute of Peace. 17 pp. [online]. 3636. ZWAINI, Laila Al-. Mediating between custom and code. Dâr al-Salâm, an NGO for tribal arbitration in Sanʿa‌ʾ. Egypte/Monde arabe, 1 (2005) pp. 297–323.

Zanzibar 3637. ABDULKADIR, Abdulkadir Hashim. Reforming and retreating: British policies on transforming the administration of Islamic law and its institutions in the Busaʿidi Sultanate 1890–1963. Doctor of Law dissertation, University of the Western Cape, 2010. 472 pp. 3638. HASHIM, Abdulkadir. Shaping of the Sharia courts: British policies on transforming the kadhi courts in colonial Zanzibar. Social Dynamics, 38 iii (2012) pp. 381–397. 3639. STOCKREITER, Elke E. “British kadhis” and “Muslim judges”: modernisation, inconsistencies and accommodation in Zanzibar’s colonial judiciary. Journal of Eastern African Studies: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa, 4 iii (2010) pp. 560–576.

Glossary of Arabic Terms The following glossary partially relies on Peters, Rudolph (2005). Crime and punishment in Islamic law, Cambridge and Layish, Aharon & Warburg, Gabriel R. (2002). The reinstatement of Islamic law in Sudan under Numayrī, Leiden/Boston/Köln. ʿafw ʿāqila baghy ḍamān dār al-ḥarb dār al-Islām ḍarūra dhimmī diya fiqh ghaṣb ḥadd, pl. ḥudūd ḥadīth, pl. aḥādīth ḥirāba ḥisba ḥurma iḥṣān

ijtihād ʿiṣma jāhilī jihād kaffāra kufr laqīṭ liʿān

liwāṭ

settlement of dispute by pardon and blood money solidarity group liable for blood money rebellion civil liability, financial liability, guaranty territory not ruled by Muslims or Islamic law the territory ruled by an Islamic state ruled by Islamic law necessity protected non-Muslim subject living in Muslim territory blood money Islamic jurisprudence unlawful appropriation of another person’s property qur’ānic fixed punishments formal tradition deriving from the Prophet, narrative report banditry, ḥadd crime of robbery, highway robbery the institution of market inspector, ‘Islamic religious police’ (modern) sacred inviolability of the body variously defined qualities that cause the fixed penalty for unlawful sexual intercourse to be increased to death by stoning instead of 100 lashes independent legal reasoning inviolability of a person’s life, property and freedom resulting from the protection offered by the state pre-Islamic holy war religious expiation for a wrong action, sin or crime unbelief, heresy foundling dissolution of the marriage through a procedure of mutual imprecation (in case the husband denies paternity but cannot prove zinā) anal intercourse, buggery, penetrare per penem in ano

376 lūṭī maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah maẓālim muḥtasib muqaddasāt muṣālaḥa niyāba qadhf qāḍī qāḍī al-quḍāt qānūn qarīna qasāma qatl qatl al-raḥma qiṣāṣ sabb al-nabī sariqa shubha, pl. shubuhāt shurb al-khamr shurṭa siḥāq siyāsa ṣulḥ taʿaddī taḥkīm takāful takfīr tashhīr taʿzīr ʿuqūbāt walad zinā

Glossary of Arabic terms male engaging in liwāṭ the aims and objectives of the Sharīʿa courts of grievances market inspector sacred matters and values reconciliation prosecution department ḥadd crime of unfounded accusation of unlawful sexual intercourse single judge applying the Sharīʿa, modern judge applying statute law Grand Qāḍī, head of the Sharīʿa legal system statute law (circumstantial) evidence procedure based on the swearing of fifty oaths, aimed at establishing liability for homicide homicide euthanasia retribution, retaliation ridda/irtidād apostasy slander of the prophet (ḥadd crime of) theft legal uncertainty, legal doubt ḥadd crime of the consumption of alcoholic beverages police lesbianism discretionary justice exercised by the head of state and executive officials, not restricted by the rules of Sharīʿa amicable out of court settlement between parties wrongful act, transgression arbitration mutual responsibility, guaranty, vouching for one another, functionally: insurance excommunication from Islam ignominious parading discretionary punishments all punishments which can be averted by shubha, i.e. all ḥadd punishments and the two kinds of retribution child born as a result of unlawful sexual intercourse

Glossary of Arabic terms zandaqa zinā zinā bil-jabr zindīq

377

heresy ḥadd crime of unlawful sexual intercourse rape apostate posing as a Muslim, heretic, Muslim holding views contrary to central Islamic dogmas

Index of Authors Aʿali, Mansoor Al- 565 Abachi, Maryam 1922 Abagnara, Vincenzo 1135 Abargouei, Vajihe Sadat Pournajafi 1923 Abaza, Mona 1631 Ab Aziz, Norjihan 1305 Abbas, Alhaji Sadik 1136 Abbas, Shemeem Burney 2963 Abbas, Tahir 810 Abbasi, Mahmoud 452, 1924 Abbink, Jon 3370 Abdal-Haqq, Irshad 1–3 Abd Al-Masih, K.O. 2539 ʿAbd Ar-Raziq, Ahmad 2465, 2466 Abdelhadi, Wafaa 803 Abdel Haleem, M. 819, 1137 Abdel Halim, Asma Mohammad 3450–3452 Abdelmohcine, Mohammed Nasser-Dine  1199 Abdelmoula, Adam M. 3453 Abd-Elrahim, Gaafer Mohamed 1200 Abdelsalam, Abdelsalam Hassan 3454 Abdelsalam, Ahmed 706 Abdelwedoud, Mohamed Yahya O. 2501 Abdi, Supriyanto 1823 Abdile, Mahdi 3371 Abd Majid, Latifah 1770 Abdo, Geneive 820 Abd. Rahman, Zainal Azam Bin 499 Abd Rashid, Adnan 1201 Abdulatif, Bahira M. 1454 Abdul Hamid, Ahmad Fauzi 2343–2345 Abdul Hussain, Arif 181 Abdul Jabbar, Siti Faridah 615 Abdulkadir, Abdulkadir Hashim 3637 Abdul Kadir, Muhd Najib 1770 Abdulkadir, Rahma 3372 Abdulla, Alias 2436 Abdulla, Saleh Abdulla Murad 3593 Abdullah, Ahmad Termizi Bin 2346 Abdullah, Ustaz Yoonus 2540 Abdullahi Baadiyow, Abdurahman 3373 Abdullatif, Hussein 759–762 Abdul-Majid, Mahmood Zuhdi Bin Haji  544

Abdul-Mumin, Abdul-S-Salam 2541 Abdul-Quadir, Abuhamid M. 1373 Abdul-Raheem, Tajudeen 2542 Abdulrahman, A. Al-Turki 3280 Abdul Salam, Khairunnasriah 1894 Abdun Nasir, Mohamad 1824 Abdur Rahim, M.A. 4 Abenante, Diego 2964 Ab Hamid, Zuraini 2347 Abiad, Nisrine 523, 821 Abiem, Raphael Tikley 568 Abou-Bakr, Omaima 268 Abou El Fadl, Khaled 569, 611, 612, 822, 823, 1119, 1266–1268, 1429 Aboul-Enein, Basil 734 Abrahamian, Ervand 1925 Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein Nadjafi 1926 Abribat, J. 3591 Absar, Absar Aftab 500 Abtahi, Hirad 1927 Abualfaraj, Maha 1138 Abu Anzeh, Mohammed Bara 2286 Abubakar, Adamu 2543 Abubakar, Musa see next Abubakar, Musa Usman 1448, 2725, 2965 Abu Baker, Main 3609 Abu Daoud 269 Abugdh, Hassan Abdul Ghani 1129 Abu Haif, ʿAli Sadiq 1632 Abu Hasan 270 Abu-Hassan, Mohammad 2287 Abu Hassan, Reem 2288 Abu-Nimer, Mohammed 1306 Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. 2544 Abu Odeh, Lama 804 Abu-Rabia, Aref 2271 Abusulayman, Abdulhamid 271 Abu Zahra, M. 1202 Abu-Zaid (Abu-Zayd), Nasr Hamid 824, 825, 1633, 1634 Acar, Kezban 2809 Accad, Mohamed El 545 Achouri, Mohammad 1928 Ackley, Caroline 3372 Adams, I. 2800

379

Index of Authors Adamu, Fatima L. 2545 Adang, Camilla 272, 735 Adekilekun, Abdul-Lateef 2546 Ademi, Cefli (Çefli) 273, 1771 Adeniyi, Isa 1466 Adeniyi, Omipidan Bashiru 453, 460 Adesiyan, D.O. 2547 Adib, Nabil 3455 Adil, Mohamad Azam Mohamed 2348– 2352, 2416 Adler, Frank 3281 Ado-Kurawa, Ibrahim 2548 Afandi, Muhrisun 1825 Affendi, Abdelwahab El- 3456 Affi, Ahmed 5 Affi, Hassan 5 Afkhami, Mahnaz 1449 Afolabi-Akiyode, Abiola 2608 Afrasiabi, Esmael 1929 Afrianty, Dina 1826, 1827 Afshan, J. 2966 Afshar, Mandana Knust Rassekh 1514 Afshari, Reza 826 Agbetola, A.S. 1389 Agerer, Stefanie 6 Agha, Samah Al- 616 Aghababaei, Hussein 2168 Aghaee Fishani, Sefatouah 1930 Aghajari, Hashem 2142 Aghazadeh, Alireza 1931 Aghtaie, Nadia 1932 Ahadi, Fatemeh 1107, 1108, 1933 Ahangar, Mohd Altaf Hussain 7 Ahmad, Ahmad Atif 274 Ahmad, Aisha 1515 Ahmad, Ali 2549 Ahmad, Anis 2967 Ahmad, Aziz 1777 Ahmad, Hazrat Mirza Tahir 276 Aḥmad, Ibrāhīm Muḥammad Ibrāhīm 1139 Ahmad, Muhammad 1251 Ahmad, Muhammad Mushtaq 594, 628, 679, 680, 1059, 1357, 1390, 2968, 2969 Ahmad, Nausheen 2971 Ahmad, Nehaluddin 1140, 2353 Ahmad, Nisar Mohammad 2350 Ahmad, Rashid 1141 Ahmad, Sk Ehtesham Uddin 1778

Ahmad, Syed Barakat 277 Ahmad, Zamir 8 Ahmadi, Seyed Mehdi 1934 Ahmadi, Shafiqa 736 Ahmady, Kameel 1935 Ahmar, Moonis 2972 Ahmari-Moghaddam, Ali 827 Ahmed, Abdulmumin B. 2550 Ahmed, Abdul Razzaq 3004 Ahmed, Adnan 2973 Ahmed, Asad Ali 2974, 2975 Ahmed, Badar D. 498 Ahmed, Faiz 1516 Ahmed, Masrur 1467 Ahmed, M. Bashir 737 Ahmed, M. Mukarram 9 Ahmed, Naveed 2976 Ahmed, Oussama 546 Ahmed, Rumee 1403 Ahmed, Syed 1468 Ahmed, Syed Maqbool 10 Ahmedov, Aibek 1602 Ahram, Ariel 2254 Ahsan, Sonia 1517 Aissaoui, Souad 3382 Ajetunmobi, Musa Ali 2551 Ajmal, Khawaja Muhammad 3095 Akande, Rabiat 2552 Akangbe, Ibrahim 1013 Akash, Shaban 2315 Akbar, Muqarrab 3028 Akdemir, Salih 595 Akgündüz, Ahmet 2810–2812, 2839 Akhavan, Payam 1936 Akhoundi, Mahmoud 1937 Akida, M. 1277 Akogwu, Agada 2553 Akpotaire, Vincent O. 2554 Akram, Mohammad 2354 Aksoy, S. 182 Alafenish, Salim 2272 Alaʿi, Diane 1938 Alalwani, Taha Jabir 278–280, 292–294, 1142–1144 Alam, Muhammad Qadeer 2977 Alanazi, Fahad 3283 Alao, Olatunji E. 2555, 2556 Alarefi, Abdullah Saad 11

380 Alasti, Sanaz 570, 571, 629, 1939–1941 Alavic, Zohreh 2035 Albanese, Giulio 3374 Albar, Mohammed Ali 183 Albogachieva, M. 1598 Albrecht, Hans-Jörg 1307 Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh, Sami Awad 12, 13, 184–186, 281–287, 572, 828–850, 989, 1203, 1204, 1576, 1635, 1636, 3457 Alem, M. El- 2316–2319 Alemika, Etannibi E.O. 2557 Alexander, John C. 2813 Alfadhel, Lolwa 1775 Alfi, Ahmad Abd Al-Aziz Al- 1205 Alfitri 851 Algar, Hamid 1431 Algarni, Abdullah Faze 3284 Algheitta, Nasser Faraj 2320 Alhaji, Kamal 2355 Alhamad, Saud Ahmad 3615 Alhammadi, Mohamed Shaker 3594 Alhargan, Raed Abulaziz 852 Alhasan, Ahmad Diya Eddin 11120 Ali, Abdul Karim 1855 Ali, Abdullah Bin Hamid 288 Ali, Ahmed I. 501, 719 Ali, Badr-El-Din 3285 Ali, Kecia 289 Ali, Mansur 234 ʿAlī, Muḥammad 290 Ali, Rabia 2978 Ali, Shaheen Sardar 100, 853, 1028, 1782, 2979–2981 Aliassi, Taimoor 1943 Alikarami, Leila 1944 Alimardani, Armin 1945 ʿAlîmî, Rashâd 3620 Alipour, M. 738, 1341, 1342 Aliverdinia, A. 1946, 1947 Alizadeh, Hossein 1948 Aljoidi Aldosari, Hamad Hosain Saleh 3286 Alkali, Alhaji Umar 187, 2355 Alkan, Necati 2814 Alkharashi, Suliman Abdullah 3287 Almane, Adel 2307 Almazrouei, Amraim 1167 Almirzanah, Syafaʾtun 291 Almohideb, Abdulrahman M. 3289

Index of Authors Almolhem, Mohammad Ali 3290, 3335 Alnaami, Khalid 3291 Alobeid, A. 3292 Alobied, Abdullah I. 1401 Alonso Cabré, Marta 2502 Alotaibi, Hajed Abdulhadi S. 3288 Alqahtani, Ghufran 2289 Alromaih, Yousef Ahmed 3293 Alsagoff, Ahmad S.A. Syed 2356 Alsalihi, Dia Aldeen 2247 Alshaibani, Majed 3294 Alshehri, Faiz 3295 Alsheikh, Essam A. 1308 Alsoufi, Rana H. 630, 631, 1068 Alsubaie, Mohammed Fahad Aljiday 3296 Álvarez De Morales, Camilo 739, 3383 ʿAlwani, Taha Jabir Fayyad Al- see Alalwani, Taha Jabir Alzaid, Barrak 1949 Amanullah, Muhammad 1290–1292 Amedroz, H.F. 1328, 1329 Amin, El Bushra Mohamed El- see Bushra, Mohamed El Amin El-  Amin, Elsayed M.A. 2566 Amin, Hosni 3459, 3460 Amin, Mohammad 2982 Amin, Sayed Hassan 1391, 1518 Amin, Shadi 2178 Amjad, Moiz 235, 295 Amjad-Ali, Charles 854 Ammar, Khashan 236 Ammar, Nawal H. 1282 Amrollahi Byouki, Mojgan 1950–1952 Amucheazi, Elochukwu C. 2558 Amzazi, M. 2521 Anderson, J.N.D. 720, 1071, 2559 Anderson, Lisa 2321 Angerbrandt, Henrik 2560 Ansari, Hassan 272 Ansari, Salah 632 Ansari-Pour, M.A. 1954–1962 Antepli, Abdullah 1404 Anthony, Sean W. 1130, 1603, 1604, 3621 Antov, Nikolay 2815 Anugwom, Edlyne Eze 2561 Anwar, Zainah 2357, 2358 Anwarullah 14, 15, 1145–1147 Anyanwu, Ogechi 2562, 2563

Index of Authors Arafa, Mohamed A. 534, 535, 1422, 1423, 3616 Arawi, Y.A. 188 Arcas Campoy, María 1072–1076, 3384–3386 Archibald, Bruce P. 529 Ardébili, Mohammad-Ali 1964 Ardestani, Abass Shafei 189 Arévalo, Rafael 1077 Arfiansyah, M. 1828 Arié, Rachel 3387 Arif, Kamran 2981 Arin, F. 2522 Aripin, Mohd Ashraf 2429 Ariyanti, Yulida 1829 Arjona Castro, Antonio 3388 Arkoun, Mohammad 573, 574, 855, 1405 Arnold, Kathryn Christine 2290 Aronson, Stacey L. Parker 3389 Arzt, Donna E. 296, 856, 857 Asad, Talal 297 Asenjo Sedano, Carlos 1078 Asghari, Akram 1965 Ashraf, Sana 2983, 2984 Ashwin, Salem 1206 Aslan, M. Yasin 2816 Aslan, Reza 633, 1966 Asli, Mehrdad Rayejian 1967 Asshidiqie, Jimly 1830 Atallah, Borham 2322 Atawneh, Muhammad Al- 1361, 3297 Atighetchi, Dariusch 190–196, 454–458, 858, 1362 Attaei, Hameed 1520 Attar, Jamel 298 Attia, Gamal El Din 1148 Auer, Blain 1779, 1780 Augi, M. El- 1121 Aulakh, Abdul Majeed 2985–2989, 3095 Auolakh, Ch. Abdul Majeed A. see previous Awa, Mohamed S. El- 1149, 1207–1209, 1374 Awabdeh, Mohamed Al 859 Awad, Awad M. 1150 Awad, Siham Samir 3462 Awan, Ambrin Tariq 2990, 2991 Awang, Abdul Rahman 2354 ʿAwwa, Muhammad Salim Al- 16 Aykan, Yavuz 2817 Aykut, Ebru 2818, 2819

381 Aynur, Hatice 2820 Ayoub, M. 299 Ayoub, Mahmoud 1278 Ayoub, Samy 2821 Ayuba, Mahmud Adesina 459 Ayyubi, Sameera 1521 Azad, Ghulam Murtaza 17 Azam, Hina 1079, 1151, 1252–1254 Azar, Sahar 1425 Azari, Hajar 1255–1257 Azarian, Mohammad K. 1197 Azhar, Alias 2359 Azhary Sonbol, Amira El- 1637, 1755–1757 Aziz, Ahmād 65 Aziz, Shamrahayu A. 2360, 2361 Azm, Sadiq J. Al- 1968 Azmayesh, Ali 1969 Azmeh, Wayel 634 Azmi, Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani 1008, 2362 Azzou, Samir 1210 Ba, Ngary 2503 Babaji, B. 2564 Babiker, Mohamed Abdelsalam 3463 Baccouche, N. 547 Baczko, Adam 1528 Badamasiuy, Juwayriya 2565 Badar, Mohamed see next Badar, Mohamed Elewa 18, 300, 530, 1029, 1030, 1109, 1269, 1432, 2255, 2566 Badawy, Tarek 1152 Baderin, Mashood A. see next Baderin, Mashood Adebayo 860–866 Badr, Gamal M. 19 Badr, Yasmine 197 Badran, Margot 2567 Badri, Balghis 3569 Badry, Roswitha 301, 302, 2992 Baehr, Peter R. 867 Baer, Gabriel 1638, 1639 Baer, Marc 2822 Baez, Jean 617 Bagheer, Shamloo 1970 Baghi, Emadeddin 1971, 1972 Baharib, Hamed 2035 Bahmanpour, Mohammad Saeed 2070 Bahnassi, Ahmad Fathi 548, 549, 596 Bahrami, Ameneh 1973

382 Bahreini, Raha 1974 Baig, Farheen Baig Binti Sardar 2363 Bailey, Clinton 1640 Bajnaid, Ilhaam Abdullah 303 Bajwa, Aftab Ahmed 2993 Bakary, Afissou 1433 Baker, Man 304 Bakr, Ayman 1641 Bakti, Nik Shazarina 2364 Baktiari, Bahman 1976 Baldwin, James E. 1642, 1643, 2823 Baloch, Ghulam Haider 1122 Balogun, S.U. 2365 Balsoy, Gülhan 2824, 2825 Bälz, Kilian 305, 1644, 1645 Bambale, Yahaya Yunusa 20, 2568 Bamgbose, Oluyemisi 2569 Bamkar, Sharifa 3539 Banakar, Reza 1977 Banerjee, Tapas Kumar 1781 Bantekas, Elias see next Bantekas, Ilias 1007, 1564 Banu, U.A.B. Razi Akter 2994 Baradie, Adel El- 21 Barcelo Torres, Maria Del Carmen 3390 Barends, Maarten G. 2995, 2745, 2746 Barféty, Lionel 3279 Barfield, T. 1522 Bari, Hussain M. Fazlul 1577 Barkey, Karen 2826 Barlowe, Sara 1978 Barnes, Cedric 3375 Baron, Beth 1646 Barrow, Shannon V. 2570 Başaran, Betül 2827 Basha, Bakri 3298 Bashir, Omipidan see Adeniyi, Omipidan Bashiru Bashir, Samina 721 Bashiriyeh, Tahmoores 1979 Başibek, Tuna 2828 Bassiouni, M. Cherif 22–27, 550, 575, 868–871, 1153, 1293, 1427 Bauden, Frédéric 1647 Bauman, Peter 2584 Baxi, Pratiksha 1782 Bechor, Guy 1154 Beck, S. 1523

Index of Authors Bedir, Mürteza 681 Begum, Shagufta 1211 Beham, Markus P. 1031 Behniafar, Ahmad Reza 1980, 2050 Behrnauer, W. 1116 Behrouz, Andra Nahal 1450 Beigzadeh, Ebrahim 1981, 1982 Beke, D. 306 Beldiceanu, N. 2829 Bella, Hamouda Fathelrahman 3464 Bello, Abdulmajeed Hassan 2571 Bello, Aminu Adamu 2572–2575 Bello, Omar Bello 2576 Bello, Shafi’i Abdul Azeez 740 Bello Fierro, Maria Isabel see Fierro, Maribel Ben Amara, Ramzi 2577, 2578 Benatek, Abdelatif 1566 Bencomo, C. 3299 Ben Hounet, Yazid 1567, 3465–3468 Benmelha, Ghaouti 502, 1375 Bennett, Clinton 1294 Bennett, Linda Rae 1831 Bennoune, Karima 872 Bentlage, Björn 1648, 1649 Benzeer, Ramadan Mohamed 2323 Bercher, Léon 28, 1080, 1098 Berger, Maurits S. 1650 Bergsträsser, Gotthelf 682 Berkel, Maaike Van 1490, 1491 Berkey, Jonathan 2467 Bernard-Maugiron, Nathalie 1651 Berque, Jacques 2523 Berri, Zakaria El- 1155 Berridge, William James 3469, 3470 Berry, Stephanie E. 3191 Bertolini, Vincent-Charles 29 Berween, Mohamed 873, 874 Bétina, Zine Eddine 1568 Bevilacqua, Catherine 1983, 2065 Bezouškovà, Lenka 1469 Bhala, Raj 30 Bhatia, M.L. 1783 Bhutta, Mian Masaud Ahmad 3026 Bialy, Nora El- 1009, 1010 Bielefeldt, Heiner 875–882, 1984, 1985 Bilici, Mucahit 356 Billah, Mohd Maʿsum 503 Bin Ali, Mohamed 3300

383

Index of Authors Bin Dirʿa, Abboud Bin Ali 722 Bin Mohamad, Abdul Basir 551 Bin Mohamad, Mohd. Nasran 1156 Bin Shabib, Rasheed Ahmed 3595 Birnbaum, Lili 1986 Black, Anne 31, 1583, 3301 Blackwood, Evelyn 1832 Blanc, F.P. 307 Blanchet, Adrien 635 Bleuchot, Hervé 32, 883, 1212, 1406, 1652, 1653, 2805, 3472–3478 Bobrovnikov, Vladimir 1599 Boellstorff, Tom 1833 Bohlander, Michael 33, 2996, 2997 Bokhary, Ashfaq 2998 Bolaji, Mohammed H. A. 2579–2581 Boomgard, Peter 1834 Borchgrevink, Kaja 1548 Bori, Caterina 1654 Borrmans, Maurice 308, 884, 885 Bose, Amitabha 2582 Bossaller, Anke 2583 Boulagh, Mahmood 2075 Bouma, C. 2999 Bourbeau, Heather 2584 Bourham, Abdul Aziz 519 Bousserouel, Hébri 237 Boutruche, Sabine Saliba 3000 Boven, Theo Van 886 Bowen, Donna Lee 198–201 Bowen, John R. 1835 Boyle-Lewicki, Edna 887 Braithwaite, J. 1524, 1553 Brand, J.L. 3302 Branden, Stef Van Den 461 Bravmann, M.M. 1605 Bredi, Daniela 3002 Brems, Eva 888 Brett, Michael 1655 Breur, C.M. 1161 Brigaglia, Andrea 2585 Brinkmann, Stefanie 238, 1606 Brinner, William M. 2468 Broadbridge, Anne F. 1656 Brockopp, Jonathan E. 462–467 Broecker, Christen 1836 Brohi, A.K. 889 Bronson, Eric 570

Brosterhous, Anthony D.  3303 Brown, Jonathan 309, 636, 741, 805 Brown, Nathan 123, 1657 Brückner, Matthias 239–241 Brugman, J. 2324 Brunschvig, Robert 1157 Bubb, Rachel 3003 Bucar, Elizabeth M. 1987 Buchta, Wilfried 1988 Bucknill, John A. 2830 Buehler, Michael 1837 Bulunur, Kerim İlker 2831 Bunting, Annie 2586 Bunzel, Cole 2256 Burfat, Fateh Muhammad 3004 Burgat, François 3622, 3623 Burki, Shireen Khan 3005 Burney, Samya 3006 Burns, Jonathan G. 34, 3616 Burns, Robert Ignatius 3392 Burroughs, Timothy G. 2248 Burton, John 1470–1472 Bushra, Mohamed El Amin El- 35, 1161, 3458, 3479 Bustamam-Ahmad, Kamaruzzaman 1838 Butt, Liaqat Ali 3007 Butt, Simon 1839 Cahen, Claude 1158 Calero, M.I. 3393 Çalişir, M. Fatih 2832 Calvo, Mariano 3394 Cammack, Mark 36, 62, 1840–1842 Campagna, Norbert 1213 Campbell, Lisa J. 1214 Canaan, Taufiq 2291 Candlish, John 1110 Caner, Emir Fethi 310 Capezzone, Leonardo 311, 312 Carai, Marco 1392 Carboneill, André 1473 Carle, R. 890 Carlson, Christopher W. 1525 Carroll, Lucy 1474 Casey, Conerly 2588 Cashman, Danette C. 3008 Caspar, Robert 891 Castro, Francesco 1343

384 Çayli, Barış 2833 Cazacu, M. 2834 Ceccherini, Valérie 3009 Cernusca, Matthias 1032 Cetinkaya, Hasret 1986 Chadbourne, Julie Dror 3010 Chaleby, Kutaiba S. 552 Chalmeta Gendrón, Pedro 3395–3398 Chase, Anthony 313 Chaudhry, Ayesha S. 1451 Chaudhry, M.A.K. 3012 Chaudhry, Muhammad Sharif 37 Chaudhry, Sidra 3013 Chaumont, Eric 637 Cheema, M.A. 638 Cheema, Moeen H. 3014–3017 Chehata, Hanan 576 Chenoufi, Ali 707 Cherati, Saleh Ghaffari 1989, 2003 Cherif, Mouna Mohammed 1569 Chiroma, Isa Hayatu 2590 Chohan, M.K. 3018 Chokr, Melhem 314 Choudhury, M.L. 1784 Christelow, Allan 2591, 2592 Çi̇çek, Kemal 2835 Çiğdem, Recep 589, 1393, 2836–2838 Cilardo, Agostino 38, 700 Cin, Halil 2839 Çinar, Hüseyin İlker 1607, 1608 Clarke, Ben 315–318 Clausen, Ursel 2504 Clément, François 1081 Cochrane, Joe 1843 Cohen, Amnon 2840 Colebrooke, James Edward 1785 Colla, Elliot 1641 Collins, D. P. 3019 Combalía, Zoila 319 Comins-Richmond, Walter 1600 Connan, Terry C. 2806 Conrad G. 1434 Conway, P. 1541 Cook, David 320 Cook, Michael 39 Cook, Paul 321 Cook, R.A. 3480 Cooke, Miriam 2257

Index of Authors Cooperson, Michael 1492 Copithorne, Maurice 1991 Coricelli, Michel 3021 Coşgel, Metin 2841, 2842 Costantini, Christopher J. 2249 Cotran, Eugene 894 Cottee, Simon 322 Coulson, N.J. 40, 1475 Cox, Neville 1379 Crane, Jonathan K. 1407 Cress, Ronda 1992 Cristofoli, Vittorio 2593 Croffie, Samantha 3022 Crompton, Louis 3399 Crone, Patricia 1249 Crouch, Melissa 1844–1851 Crutcher, S. 2594 Crystal, Jill 41, 123 Cunnison, I. 3486 Daaïf, Lahcen 504, 1609 Dabbagh, Hossein 1301 Dada, Mahomed A. 468 Daftary, Ali Akbar Khan 1993 Daga Portillo, Rocío 323 Dahm, Georg 1787 Dahmardeh Ghaleno, Ehsan 1994 Dajani Tuqan, Abir 1455, 3073 Dakhlia, Jocelyne 742 Dakkak, M. Shokry El- 627 Dalen, Dorrit Van 242 Dalgleish, David 1563 Damanhoury, Kareem El 2258 Danfulani, Umar Habila Dadem 2595, 2596 Dani, Rafic Itani 618 Daniels, Kate 1137 Daniels, Timothy P. 2366, 2367 Dankofa, Babaji 2597 Dankofa, Yusuf 2564, 2597 Danner, Victor 243 Darling, Linda T. 2843, 2844 Darwish, Nonie 1215 Das, Dilip K. 142 DʿAscoli, Giovanni 42 Davoodian, Ehsan 1995 Dawoody, Ahmed Mohsen Al- 683, 1380, 1430, 1436, 2259, 2260 De Freitas Boronha, Miguel António 743

Index of Authors Dekker, A.J. see next Dekker, Albert 128, 2726 Dekker, Anna 809, 2598 Delmas-Marty, Mireille 1997, 1998 Delmet, Christian 3487 DʿEmilia, Antonio 1082 Demirci, Tuba 2845 Dennerlein, Bettina 744 Denny, F.M. 895 Deringil, Selim 2846–2848 De Smet, Stéphanie 896 Desportes, E. 1570 Deuraseh, Nurdeen 202, 244, 1327 Dévényi, Kinga 1659 Devif, Michèle Zirari 2524 Dhar, Lalita 490 Diab, Rasha 1309 Diakho, Abou Ilyas Muhammad 639 Dialmy, Abdessamad 745 Didier, Brian J. 1788 Dikna, Abdelhafed 1159 Dilger, Konrad 43, 44, 3376 Dion, Michel 1852 Diop, Boubacar 2505 Diouma, Bah Mamadou 1105 Djaziri, Abd Al-Rahman Al- 324 Doğan, Cem 2849 Doğan, Hanzade 2850 Doğan, Recep 807 Donner, Fred M. 1610 Dorloh, Sulaiman 2368 Dost, Ferial 1526 Doulout, F. 1160 Drapkin, Israel 45 Dudley, James 897 Duncan, Mary Carter 3304 Dupret, Baudouin 1258, 1660–1665, 3620, 3624 Duran, Khalid 746 Durán Velasco, J.F. 325 Dusuki, Farah Nini 2106 Düzbakar, Ömer 2851–2853 Ebadi, Shirin 2000 Ebbe, Obi N. I. 46, 2599 Ebert, Hans-Georg 47, 48, 2325–2327 Ebrahim, Abul Fadl Mohsin 203, 204, 469, 470

385 Ebrahimi, Shahram 2001 Eddé, Anne-Marie 3586 Edeko, E.S. 2600 ʿEead, Nawal Abdulaziz Al- 326 Egbewole, Wahab O. 2612 Eggen, Nora S. 1083 Egila, Ashraf 1216 Eich, Thomas 205, 471–476, 1084, 1476 Eichmann, F. 2854 Eidhamar, Levi Geir 747 Eijk, Esther Van 3306 Ejlali, P. 2002 Ekmekçi, Perihan Elif 2856 Ekradi, Saeed 2003 Elahe, Kamalipour Ravari 2004 Elaigwu, J. Isawa 2601 Elashhab, Ahmed 553 Elbushra, M.E. see Bushra, M.E. ElEldine, M.A. Charaf 1667 Elfegiry, Moataz Ahmed Ahmed Mohamed 330, 1668, 1680–1682 Elkhalifa, Abdel Rahman Ibrahim 3489 Elliesie, Hatem 898, 2590 Ellis, Mark 900 Elmahjub, Ezieddin Mustafa 1011, 1012, 2328 Eltantawi, Sarah 640, 1344, 2602–2604 Eltayeb, Mohamed S. M. 3023 Eltayeb, Muna Eltayeb M. 3490 Elwan, Omaia 206, 207, 899 Emekwue, Henry 2605 Emon, Anver M. 900, 1303 Engeland, Anicée Van 2005 Engineer, Asghar Ali 3024 Ennayfar, Hmida 327, 328 Entessar, Nader 2006 Enyidah-Okey Ordu, Gilbert 2606 Eren, Abdurrahman 49 Ergene, Boǧaç 2841, 2842, 2857, 2858 Ernst, Carl W. 329 Erwin, Courtney Paige 540 Escovitz, Joseph H. 2469 Es-Haghi, Seyyed Jafar 2007 Eshaikh, Hesham A.A. Al- 3307 Eskandari, Fatemeh 2008 Eslami Somea, Reza 2009 Esmaeili, Hossein 3308, 3309 Esmaili, Mohammad Reza Haji 531 Espéronnier, M. 2470

386 Esposito, John L. 50, 3025 Essien, Victor Knesi 2607 Estakhrsari, Rahmatollah Babaei 505 Etkes, Haggay 2842 Ettehadiah (Nezam-Mafie), Mansoureh  2010 Ewoh, Andrew I.E. 2712 Eyssautier, L.A. 1571 Ezeilo, Joy Ngozi 2608 Fadel, Mohammed 51, 901, 1085, 1162, 3617 Fadlalla, Amal Hassan 3491 Fahad, Obaidullah 1363 Faheem, Sh. Mohammad 3026 Fahmy, Khaled 1669–1678 Fähndrich, Hartmut 1679 Falaturi, Abdoljavad 52 Fall, Moctar 2506 Fallon, Andrew 1283 Fanaian, Tabassom 2011 Faqir, Fadia 2292 Farajiha, Mohammad 2012 Farani, Merajuddin 3027 Farooq, Muhammad 3028 Faroqhi, Suraiya 2859–2862 Farrar, Salim Ali 597, 1163, 1164, 2369 Farrokhi, Mansour 2013 Farshchi, Ali Ashraf 2014 Faruqi, Shad Saleem 2370 Farzinrad, R. 2015 Fasihuddin 3029 Fasola, L.F. 2609 Fatahian, Somaye 511 Fathurokhmandan, Ferry 1284, 1853 Fauzi, Ahmad 1284 Fauzi, Moh 1854 Fayyaz, Muhammad 1381 Fazzan, Fazzan 1855 Feener, R. Michael 1841, 1856–1859 Fegiery, Moataz El see Elfegiry, Moataz Ahmed Ahmed Mohamed Feins, Daniel Scott 245 Feiz, Reza 1360 Fenwick, Stewart 1860 Ferchichi, Wahid 748 Fereydooni, Parastoo 2016 Ferretti, Marina 641 Feuerbach, Paul Johann Anselm v. 53

Index of Authors Feyyaz, Muhammad 1295 Fierro, Maribel 97, 272, 1060, 3391, 3400–3407 Figg-Franzoi, Lillian 2017 Fijabi, Mufuliat 673 Fildis, A.T. 808 Fisch, Jörg 1789 Fischer, Nils 208 Fishani, Efatouah Aghaee 2018 Fitzgerald, Timothy J. 2863 Floor, Willem 2019–2025 Fluehr-Lobban, C. 3492–3494 Forbes, Simon 2026 Förster, Franziska 3310 Forstner, Martin 54, 331, 902–904, 1378, 1683 Forte, David F. 55, 56, 1394–1396, 3030 Fortier, Corinne 749, 2507 Fournier, Pascale 809 Franceschi, Fabio 2525 Franchini, Stefania 57 Franco, Claudio 1528 Fraser Fujinaga, Antonia 2027, 2028 Freckelton, Ian 1861 Frederiksen, Katja Jansen 1285 Freeland, Richard 477 Frembgen, Jürgen Wasim 3031 Freund, Leonhard 58 Fricke, Adrienne L. 3495 Friedmann, Yohanan 332, 333 Frisch, Hillel 3267 Fronzoni, Vasco 59, 60, 1310, 3311 Fuess, Albrecht 2471 Funk, Nathan 1314, 1316 Furnish, Timothy 1217 Furr, Ann 2293 Fyzee, Asaf A. A. 1790 Gabriel, Mark A. 642, 905 Gabriel, Theodore 3032 Gabrieli, F. 1493 Gaiya, Musa A. B. 2610 Galadima, Habu 2601 Gamawa, Aminu 2679 Ganji, Akbar 2142 Gans, Jeremy 3309 Gara, Eleni 2864 Garba, Ahmed 2725 Garces, Nicholas 334

387

Index of Authors García Gómez, Emilio 3408 Gardet, Louis 906 Gaudefroy-Demombynes, M. 708 Gauhar, Altaf 3033 Gaye, Soukeina 2508 Gaznai, Safaa Aldden 2250 Geddes, C.L. 1345 George, Rachel Ann 1776 Georgeon, François 2865 Georges, Nael 335 Gerber, Haim 2866 Ghabin, Ahmad 709 Ghaffari, Mohammad 2030 Ghali, Hebatallah 1685 Ghaly, Mohammed 336 Ghamari-Tabrizi, Behrooz 2031 Ghamidi, Javed Ahmad 61, 209, 723, 1218, 3034 Ghanem, Isam 478 Ghareeb, Bilal Ahmad 750 Ghasemi, Mojtaba 2032 Ghassemi, Ghassem 2033, 2034 Ghayoomzadeh, Mahmood 2104 Ghazwi, F. 2294 Ghiabi, Maziyar 2035, 2036 Ghias, Shoaib A. 3035 Ghodsi, Ebrahim 2037, 2038 Gholami, Hossein 1527 Gholami, Husain 2039 Gholami, Hussein 2040 Gilani, Sayyid M. Yunus 1165 Gilani, Syed Nazir 3312 Ginat, Joseph 1686, 2273–2278 Ginio, Eyal 2867, 2868 Giunchi, Elisa 1791, 3036–3041 Giustozzi, Antonio 1528 Gizouli, Kamal El 3496 Glahn, Benjamin 900 Gleave, Robert 643, 684, 1346–1348 Gledhill, Alan 2611 Glick, T.F. 3409 Goitom, Hanibal 337 Gökçen, Ahmet 2869 Goldoust Jouybari, Rajab 2041 Goldozian, Iraj 2241 Gontowska, Luiza Maria 2042 Gonzalez, Wendy 3042 Gordon, Carey N. 3497

Gottesman, Evan 3043 Gouda, Moamen 1009, 1010, 1397 Göyünç, Nejat 2870 Graaf, Beatrice De 2261 Gradeva, Rositsa 2871 Gräf, Erwin 210, 577–579, 1166, 1437, 1611 Graham, John R. 2281, 2282 Grami, Emel (Amel) 338, 339 Gravelle, Kent Benedict 3498 Gray, Doris H. 2806 Gray, Seymour 3313 Gray, Tallyn 1033 Green, Tim 3044 Greenfield, James 2043 Greiff, Shaina 1453 Grey, Ian 1167 Griffel, Frank 1330–1334 Grignaschi, Mario 1349, 2872 Grossmann, Kristina 1862, 1863 Guardi, Jolanda 751 Gubo, Darara Timotewos 340 Guenther, Alan M. 1792 Guichon, Audrey 907 Guiraud, Amédée 1168 Guitoo, Arash 2044 Gul, Shirin 3101 Gulrajani, Chinmoi 2973 Habbash, Mohammad 583 Haberfeld, M.R. 1220, 1793 Habib, Samar 752, 753 Habibi, Mohammad 2045 Habibitabar, Hossein 2199 Habibzadeh, Mohammad Jaʿfar 1219, 2046–2048 Haddad, Elias N. 3268 Haddad, Gibril Fouad 2262 Haeri, Shahla 3045, 3046 Hafez, Kai 908 Hafez, Mohammed M. 341 Hageel, Suleiman 3314 Hagemann, Ludwig 909 Haghpanahan, Abbas 2049 Haider, Najam 246 Hakeem, Farrukh B. 1220, 1221, 1793, 1794 Hakeri, Hakan 724 Hakim, Jacques El- 506, 910, 3587 Hakimi, Aziz 1529

388 Haleber, R. 342 Haleem, Mohammed Abdel 507 Halim, Sheikh Abdul 3047 Hallaq, Wael 1169, 3410 Haloosh, Hitham A. 1015 Hamad, Ahmed Seif Al-Islam 1687 Hamadi, Hassan Ahmed Ali Al- 3597 Hamat, Mohd Afandi Bin Awang 1259, 1296 Hamayotsu, Kikue 2371 Hamdamiyan, Ahmad 2050 Hamdani, Nizar Ibn Abdul-Karim Al- 508 Hamdy, Abdel Aziz Abdel Hamid 1688 Hamès, Constant 2509 Hamidullah, Muhammad 1170 Hamit, Sherazad 1530 Hammad, Suzanne 2295 Hammed, Hanafi A. 2612 Hamo, Ahmed Ali 3499 Hamoudi, Abdulaziz K. Al- 3315 Hamoudi, Haider Ala 62, 1350, 1351 Hamzah, Dawood Adesola 3316 Hamzeh, A. Nizar 3276 Hamzić, Vanja 755, 1479, 2613 Haneef, Sayed Sikandar Shah 497, 731, 1171–1173, 2372 Hani, Houria 1222 Hanif, C.M. 3048 Hanif, N. 63 Hapsin, Abu 1864 Haq, Farhat 3049 Haqq, Akbar 343 Haqqi, Abdurrahman Raden Aji 1223 Harding, Andrew 2373–2375 Hardy, Michael James Langley (M.J.L.) 509, 520 Hargan, Abdulhamid Abdullah Al- 3317 Harneit-Sievers, Axel 2614 Harnischfeger, Johannes 2615–2617 Haroon, Idris Abdullahi 2618 Haroon, Muhammad 1224 Harper, Elizabeth 1983, 1986 Harris, Colette 2619 Harris, Rabia Terri 394 Hart, David M. 2526, 2527 Haruna, B.A. 2620 Harunah, Hakeem B. 2621 Harvey, Ramon 64 Hasan, Md Mahmudul 1578

Index of Authors Ḥasān, Najmul 65 Hasan, Noorhaidi 1865 Hasan, Usama Al- 344, 632 Hasani, Ismail 1866 Hascall, Susan C. 1297, 3618 Hasemann, Armin 1689 Hashemi, Kamran 345, 524, 911 Hashemi-Taheri, Hassan 2051 Hashim, Abdulkadir see Abdulkadir, Abdulkadir Hashim Hashim, Ashraf Md. 2376, 2377 Hashim, Fahima A. 3500 Hashimzai, Mohammad Qasim 1531 Hassan, Abd El-Wahab Ahmed El- 3501 Hassan, Haniff Muhammad 1364 Hassan, Harun 3375 Hassan, Ismail Mohd Abu 2378 Hassan, Nader 2052 Hassan, Riaz 3050 Hassan, Syarifah Zaleha Syed 2379 Hassanein, Ahmed Samir 3277 Hasyim, Syafiq 1867 Hathout, M. 66 Hattab, Zoulikha 912 Haugh, Megan R. 2053 Haveman, Roelof H. 1868 Hawting, Gerald R. 644, 1612 Hayat, Farooq 3094 Hayat, Qaisar 1795 Hayat, Zahra 3230 Hayee, Bilal 3051 Hazri, Tengku Ahmad 2380 Hedayat, K.M. 2054 Hedayati-Kakhi, Mohammad M. 33, 67, 598, 599 Heer, Satwant Kaur 1028 Hefner, Robert W. 2430 Hegab, Moustafa H. 211 Heidari, Mohammad Ali 1286 Heilen, Julia 47 Heilmann, A. 1690 Heine, Peter 93 Heinzelmann, Tobias 2873 Hejailan, Hussam Salah see next Hejailan, Salah Al- 3318, 3319 Hélie, Anissa 212 Helmy, Nourani 1691 Hemeidah, Ahmad Al-Saiid Zaki 1279

Index of Authors Hendrawati, Heni 1869 Hendricks, Muhsin 756 Henia, Abdelhamid 2874 Henningsson, J. 913 Hentati, Nejmeddine 1131 Hernández López, Adday 1086 Hessini, Leila 213, 214 Heullant-Donat, Isabelle 2518 Hewesh, Mohammad Ibn Ibrahim Al- 725, 3320, 3344 Heyd, Uriel 2875–2877 Heywood, Colin 2878 Hickok, Michael 2879, 2880 Higgins, Noelle 2566 Hijazy, Ahmed 1454 Hijma, R. 914 Hildebrandt, Achim 757 Hill, Thomas 3321 Hillawi, Hatim Babiker Abdel Gadir 3502 Hirschkind, Charles 1692 Hodous, Florence 2519 Hoexter, Miriam 1572 Hoffman, Valerie J. 915 Hofmann, Murad W. 916 Holscher, Louis M. 1174 Homma, Hideaki 68 Hooker, M. Barry (M.B.) 1886, 2381 Hope, Michael 2055 Höpfner, Maren 1870 Horster, Paul 2881 Hosainy, Hadi 2882 Hosen, Nadirsyah 31, 69 Hosni, Naguib 70–73, 580, 1693 Hossain, Sara 818, 1579 Hossain, Md Shahadat 581, 1311 Hossein, Esmaeili 31 Hosseini, S. Behnaz 2056 Hosseini, Seyed Hossein 2057, 2058 Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad 74, 189 Hour, R. El 3411 Houssi, Leila El 758 Hovden, Eirik 1285 Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E. 2622 Huart, C. 346 Hubaishi, H. A. Al- 3625 Huda, Md Nurul 75 Huda, M. Syamsul 1871 Huda, Yasrul 1872

389 Hui, Tan Beng 2382–2384 Hullayes, Saleha Al- 215 Humaidhi, Hamad Al- 1312 Hung, Helen Ting Mu 2385 Hunt, Stephen 766 Hurvitz, Nimrod 1494, 1613 Husain, Muzaffar 3053 Husain, Showkat 918 Husain, Syed MuʿAzzam 1280 Husain, Waris 3054 Husaini, Ishaq Musa Al- 710 Husin, Wan Norhasniah Wan 2386 Hussain, Faqir 3055 Hussain, Hidayat 3056 Hussain, Jamila 76 Hussain, Mazna 3057 Hussain, Syed Adnan 3058 Hussaini, Safiya 2623, 2624 Hussaini Tungar Tudu, Safiya see previous Hussein, Gamil Muhammed 1175 Hussein, Shazreh 3059 Husseini, Seyed Mohammad see Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad  Hussin, Iza 3060, 3061 Hussin, Nasimah 1061, 1305, 1894, 2387–2389 Hutchins, Reid 1365 Hutson, Alaine S. 2625 Ibn Ahmed, Bulhaj Al-Arabi 3322 Ibn Dūyān, Ibrāhīm Ibn Muḥammad Ibn-Salīm 701 Ibn Jubeir, Mohammad Ibn Ibrahim 77, 78 Ibn Salam, M.J. 2539 Ibn Taymīyah, Taqī Al-Dīn Aḥmad 712 Ibn Warraq 347–349 Ibrahim, Abdullahi Ali 3503 Ibrahim, Ahmad 2391 Ibrahim, Ahmad Basri (Bin) 2390, 2436 Ibrahim, Ahmed Sh. 3377 Ibrahim, Bashir Yusuf 2626 Ibrahim, Faiqa 3062 Ibrahim, Hauwa 2627–2629 Ibrahim, Jibrin 2630 Ibrahim, Mahmood 2472 Ibrahim, Nada 1287 Ibrahim, Saeed Hasan 1176 Ibrahim, Taha 3504

390 Ibrahim Pacha, Anouar 685 Ichwan, Moch Nur 1874 Idrees, Muhammad 3028 Idria, Reza 1875 Idriss, Mohammed Mazher 810 Iffatkhalid 350 Igbohin, B.O. 2631 Iharchane, Omar 351 Ike, Obiora 2632 Ikhsan Ghazali, Mohd Al- 656 İleri, Nurçin 2883 Ilesanmi, Olufemi O. 2633, 2634 Ilzad, Dara 2059 Imam, Ayesha M. 2635 Imam, Ibrahim 2636 Imam, Jacob Fareed 702 Imam, Mohammed 2392 Iman, Buba 2637 Imber, Colin 2884–2887 Imran, Rahat 3063 İnalcik, Halil 2888, 2889 Inoue-Terris, Vera 3273 Iqbal, Afzal 3065 Iqbal, A.S.M. Tariq 581 Iqbal, Javid 3066 Iqbal, Zafar 536 Irani, George E. 1313–1316 Irfan, Muhammad 1225 Ironside, Pernille 2638 Ishaq 1877 Ishaque, K.M. 919 Ishola, Abdullahi Saliu 1013 Islam, Md. Jahirul 1287 Islam, Mohammad Saiful 1580 Islam, Tajul 262 Ismail, Omer Sid Ahmed 3506 Ismail, Rose 2394 Ismail, Shahrul Mizan 920 Ismail, Siti Zubaidah 510, 2395–2398 Ispahani, Farahnaz 3064 Itscherenska, I. 2052 Iwobi, Andrew Ubaka 2639 Izzi Dien, Mawil 713 Jaber, Tagreed 583 Jabri, Mohammad Abed Al- 921 Jackson, Sherman A. 1382 Jacob, G. 2890

Index of Authors Jacquemont, Richard 1694 Jacques, R. Kevin 2473 Jacques-Meunie, Djinn 2528 Jaenecke, Wilhelm 2891 Jafari, Mehri 2062 Jaʿfari, Mohammad Taqi 922 Jah, Omar 923, 924 Jahangir, Asma 3067 Jahangir, Junaid 759–763 Jalali-Karveh, Mahmoud 2063 Jalil, Faridah 2399 Jallaf, Muhammad ʿAbd Al-Wahab 3412 Jalloh, Charles Chernor 1564 Jamaa, La 1879 Jamal, Amreen 764 Jamal, Lobna 1335 James Simon, Rita 2243 Jan, Tariq 3068 Janaki, Firouz Mahmoudi 2064 Janjua, Zia-Ul-Islam 3069, 3070 Jansen, W. 3071, 3072 Jaouhar, Mohamed 1046 Jäschke, G. 2892 Javed, Azhar 247, 600, 601 Jennings, Ronald C. 2893–2895 Jeppie, Shamil 3507 Jescheck, Hans-Heinrich 79–81 Jillani, Hina 3067 Jimenez De Asua, L. 3413 Jimoh, Shaykh Luqman 2640 Jofan, Nasir Al- 1132 Johansen, Baber 352, 537, 686–692, 1177, 1178, 1408–1410, 1695 Johnston, David L. 925 Jokinen, Laura 2065 Jonas, Nina E. 645 Joned, Ahilemah 2400 Jones, Andrew 3283 Jones, Mark 3323 Jones-Pauly, Chris 1455, 3073, 3074 Joppke, Christian 82 Jordan, C. 2244 Jordan, David A. 353 Julius, Qaiser 3075 Juned, Awang Abdul Aziz Bin 1585 Jupp, John 1533 Jusoff, Kamaruzaman 2429 Juynboll, Th.W. 1336, 1337

Index of Authors Kachkoush, Hoda 1179 Kader, Akberdin Bin Haji Abdul 2401 Kadivar, Mohsen 354, 926 Kadri, Sadakat 83 Kahraman, Abdullah 2913 Kahveci, Niyazi 693 Kailani, Osaid 1376 Kais, Mohamed 1226 Kakakhel, Niaz A. Shah 3076 Kalanges, K. 355 Kalantary, Keyoumars 2197 Kalkan, İbrahim Halil 2896 Kallil, Mohamad Khairudin Bin 2402 Kalu, Ogbu Uke 2642 Kamal, Mohd. Hisham Mohd 2403 Kamali, Mohammad Hashim 84, 449, 538, 646, 1047, 1048, 1317, 1318, 1482, 2404–2408 Kamalvand, Payman 531 Kamana, Mian Muhammad Siddique 3077 Kamaruddin, Zaleha 2409 Kamel, Taimour Mostafa 1049, 1050 Kanani, Mohammadali 1929 Kane, Ousmane 2643 Kaniz, Fatima 3078 Kanwar, Mahfooz A. 3079 Kar, Mehrangiz 2067–2069 Kara, Mustafa A. 85 Kara, Seyfeddin 2070 Karadsheh, Rose Marie 2071 Karadsheh, Tala 2297 Karam, Azzam M. 1696 Karampatsi, Eleni 1534 Karčić, Fikret 86 Karibi-Whyte, A.G. 2646 Kartal, Celalettin 927 Kashif, Abd El-Rehim Mohamed Al- 619 Kassim, Puteri Nemie Jahn 554 Kasule, Umar 923, 924 Kattan, Sheikh Mann Al-Khalil Al- 1123 Katz, Marion Holmes 216, 1483 Kaushik, Surendra Nath 3080 Kazemi, Elham 3592 Kazemi, Nahid 511 Kazmi, Sayyed Nadeem 1383 Keane, Webb 1880 Kelly, Michael J. 1034, 1035 Kendall, Jerry D. 1197

391 Kendhammer, Brandon 2648–2650 Kennedy, Charles H. 3081–3086 Kennett, Austin 1697 Kenny, Joseph 2652 Kent, Catherine 1983, 1992 Kenyon, Carleton W. 3509 Kermani, Navid 1698 Kermeli, Eugenia 2897 Keshavarz, Sharbanoo Baharak 2072 Keskin, Yusuf Zia 647 Keyzer, Salomo 87 Khadduri, Majid 88, 928 Khadimi, Nour Addeen Mukhtar Al- 479 Khaghani Esfahani, Mahdi 189 Khair, Amira 3495 Khaki, M. Aslam 3087 Khalaf, Sulayman N. 3588 Khalid, Anas 703 Khalifah, Abdullah H. H. Al- 1124 Khalīl Ibn Isḥāk Al Jundī 1087, 1088 Khalil, Mohammad Hassan 356 Khalili, Vali 2073 Khalilieh, Hassan S. 1113–1115 Khan, Adnan 357 Khan, A. Khaliq 10 Khan, Amjad Ali 3598 Khan, Amjad Mahmood 358, 3088 Khan, Arif Ali 89 Khan, Ayesha 3089, 3205 Khan, H. 1427 Khan, Iqram Saleem 3090 Khan, Makhdoom Ali 3091 Khan, Mansoor Hassan 3092 Khan, M. Azam 3093 Khan, Muhammad Asif 3094 Khan, Muhammad Moinuddin 90 Khan, M. Zafrullah 648 Khan, Rana Abdul Razzaq see next Khan, Rana Abdul-Razzaque 2986, 3095 Khan, Sajad Anwar 3096 Khan, Sardar Abdul Hameed 3097 Khan, Shahnaz 3098–3100 Khan, Shehar Bano 3101 Khan, Shehreyar 3102, 3103 Khan, Siraj 1036 Khan, Tauqir Mohammad 89, 91 Khare, R.S. 92 Khateeb, Abdulaziz Umar Al 1419

392 Khitamy, Badawy A.B. 217 Khorfan, Rhami 218 Khoso, Abdullah 3000 Khosravi, Mehdi 2074 Khoury, Adel Theodor 93, 219, 359 Khozeimeh, Mohammad Ali 2075, 2076 Kia, Masouduzzafar Samimi 2077 Kibble, Neil 3611 Kick, Alan Mckenzie 360 Kiderlen, Elisabeth 2078 Kilani, Abdulrazaq 2653 Kilany Omar, Hanaa H. 2474 Kingsbury, Damien 1881 Kingsley, Jeremy 1885 Kirwin, Matthew Fitzrobert 2538, 2654 Kizilkaya, Necmettin 361 Klaveren, J. Van 1699 Klein, Yaron 714 Klein-Franke, F. 248 Kligerman, Nicole 765 Kloos, David 1856, 1882 Knudsen, Are 3104, 3105 Knüppel, Katharina 362 Kocatürk, Önder 2898 Koenig, Harold G. 1301 Kogelmann, Franz 2655–2657, 2733 Köhbach, M. 2899 Kohlberg, Etan 1352 Kohler, Josef 521 Kok, P. N. 3510 Kokew, Stephan 978 Kolsky, Elizabeth 1796–1799 Koman, Mohammed Ali 3326  Köndgen, Olaf 3511–3517 Koop, Jochen 249 Korbatieh, Souha 1484 Korkusuz, M. Refik 49 Kousha, Jafar 2079 Kraemer, Joel L. 1270 Krämer, Gudrun 363, 929 Krawietz, Birgit 480–484, 1366 Krcsmárik, Johann 694 Krenawi, Alean 2281, 2282 Kressel, Gideon M. 2279, 2280 Krieger, Mark 930 Krimsti, Feras 2900 Krishnan, Ravindhran Kutty 2410 Krisnan, Johny 1869

Index of Authors Krokidas, Panagiotis 2901 Kruiniger, Pauline 485 Kueny, Kathryn 1614 Kugle, Scott see next Kugle, Scott Siraj Al-Haqq 766, 767 Kuhn-Zuber, Gabriele 931 Künkler, Mirjam 2080, 2081 Kusha, Hamid R. 1125, 2082, 2083 Kutty, Faisal 364 Kyriakides-Yeldham, Anthony 486 Labadi, Fadwa Al- 3269 Labuschagne, B.C. 365 Ladan, Muhammed Tawfiq 2608, 2658, 2659 Ladevece, Louis Fernando 487 Ladisi, Alessandro 2455 Lagardère, Vincent 3414 Lagrange, Fréderic 1495 Laheidan, Saleh Ibn Mohammad Al- 1180 Lamarti, Samuel Hosain 366 Lambert-Abdelgawad, Élisabeth 1037 Lambton, A.K. 2520 Lamoureaux, Siri 3518 Lampe, Gerald E. 932 Lamrani, Boubker 649 Landau-Tasseron, Ella 1615 Lang, Sharon 2283 Lange, Christian 94–99, 1227–1229, 1411, 1496, 2475, 2902 Langer, Lorenz 590 Laoust, Henri 1497 Lapin, T.W. 726 Larcher, Pierre 768 Laremont, Ricardo René 2660 Lari, Maliha Zia 3106, 3107 Larsen, Lena 380 Larsson, Göran 367–371, 2264 Lashgari, Mohammad 2084 Laskowska, Natalia 1883 Last, Murray 2661–2663 Lau, Martin 1536–1539, 3108–3118 Lauro, L.J. 3519 Lawan, Mamman see next Lawan Yusufari, Mamman A. 100, 2664, 2665 Layish, Aharon 2329, 2330, 3270, 3327, 3520–3524

Index of Authors Lecker, Michael 3626 Lee, Dana Elizabeth 1111 Lehmann, Friedrich-Wilhelm 1319 Leithy, Tamer El- 2476 Lemière, Sophie 2411, 2412 Lemonnier, Henri 1573 Lemu, B. 2666 Leriche, A. 2510 Le Tourneau, Roger 1117 Lev, Yaacov 1700 Levanoni, Amalia 2477 Lewicka, Paulina B. 1701 Lewis, Bernard 372, 1358 Liebesny, Herbert 101 Liew, Han Hsien 1616 Lim, Marvin 1438 Lindsey, Tim 1586, 1884–1886 Lippman, Matthew Ross 102, 103 Lodi, Zakaur Rahman Khan 104 Löffler, Klaus H.A. 81 Lohlker, Rüdiger 220, 933 Lojek, Antonín 1469 Long, M. 250 Longva, Anh Nga 373, 2308–2310 Lotfi, Iraj 2086 Louis-Francois, Jane 727 Loutfi, Mohamed Hossam 1014 Loutfy, Omar-Bey 602, 695 Lu, Hong 1232 Lubeck, Paul M. 2667 Lucas, Scott C. 650, 651 Ludwig, Frieder 2596, 2668 Lundqvist, Erica Li 374 Lydon, Ghislaine 2463 Lyman, Princeton N. 2628 Lynch, Colman 1887 Maarefand, Masoomeh 2035 Macalesher, Jacqueline 583 Machmudi, Yon 1888 Mackey, Virginia 1230 Macnaghten, William H. 1800 Macpherson, A.G. 1806 Madadin, Mohammed 488 Madkour, Mohammad Salam 555 Madni Busaq, Muhammad Al- 105 Maffi, Irene 221 Maftei, Ciprian-Vasile 2087

393 Mafullul, Yakubu 2669 Maged, Adel 1038 Maghaireh, Alaeldin 566, 567 Maghraoui, Driss 351 Mahafzah, Qais Ali 1015 Mahdavi, Mahmood 1994 Mahdi, Hauwa 2670 Mahfodz, Mohamed Bin 1377 Mahfouz, Najib 1702 Mahmood, M. 3119, 3120 Mahmood, Muhammad 3121 Mahmood, Rizwana 1174 Mahmood, Shaukat 3122–3125 Mahmood, Tahir 106, 107, 541, 1181, 2332, 2333, 3126–3128 Mahmood, Zahid 3129 Mahmoud, Mahgoub El-Tigani 108, 934, 3526, 3527 Mahmoudi, Firouz 2088–2090 Mahmud, Abdulmalik Bappa 2671 Majidzadeh, Peyman 2091 Majumdar, Niharkana 1801 Majzoub, A.E. 591, 1182 Makec, John Wuol 3528, 3529 Makinde, Abdul-Fatah Kola 2672 Malek, Mohammad Mustaqim 489 Malekian, Farhad 1039–1042 Malik, Saira 375 Malik, Shahdeen 1802 Malik, Wajeeha Ameen 3131 Malkawi, Bashar H. 1016, 1017 Malook, Saif Ul 3132 Malunood, M. 3133 Manan, Abdul 1059 Mane, Adel Al 1231 Manea, Elham 376 Mann, Michael 1803 Manna, Ammar 559 Manna, Haytham 377, 1412, 1413 Mansoor, Farkhanda Zia 523 Mansor, Wan Naim Wan 2415 Mansour, Aly Aly 652 Mansour, Saad 556 Mantilla, Karla 1889 Manzaneque, Ángel 109 Maraqten, M. 251 March, Andrew 2265 Marchesin, P. 2511

394 Marcoes-Natsir, Lies 1890 Mardam-Bey, Farouk 1703 Marghinani, Sheikh Burhanuddin Abi Al Hasan Ali Al- 696 Marican, Pawancheek 2416 Marín, Manuela 3415, 3416 Marjomaa, Risto 2673 Marler, Isabel 3530 Marneur, François 1183 Marshall, Paul 110, 378, 379, 1891, 2674, 2675 Marsham, Andrew 1617, 1618 Martel-Thoumian, Bernadette 2478–2482 Martin, Stefanie Lee 770 Martin, Vanessa 2092 Masir, Jamila M. 2733 Masoodi, G. Saqlain 111, 112, 490, 557 Massignon, Louis 1498 Massoud, Mark Fathi 3531–3534 Massoudzade, Mohammad Reza 2199 Masto, Raffaele 2623, 2624 Masud, Muhammad Khalid 380, 654, 704, 1184, 1359, 1804, 3134–3137 Mat, Muhamad Zahiri Awang 2395 Mattar, Mohamed Y. 1185, 2252 Matthee, Rudi 252 Mattsson, Douglas 3339 Maududi, Abul Ala 381, 935 Mawardi, Ahmad Imam 1892 Maydani, Riyad 113 Mayer, Ann Elizabeth 19, 114, 542, 936–942, 2093–2096, 2334–2338, 3138 Mazhar, Arafat 3139 Mazumder, Nurunnahar 1287 McCain, Danny 2676 McConville, Seán 103 McDougall, Pascal 809 Medani, Amin M. 3454, 3535, 3536 Megalli, Hasan Ali 728 Mehat, Hashim Bin 115, 2417 Mehdi, Rubya 3140–3144 Mehemeed, Nasir Bin Ibrahim 1176 Mehrabadi, Zahra Abedi Nezhad 2084 Mehrpour, Hossein 943 Melhem, Basem M. 1015 Ménage, V.L. 2875 Mendiluce, M. De 1089 Menon, Catherine 3283 Menon, N.R. Madhava 603, 604

Index of Authors Mensing, J.P.M. 705 Meouak, Mohamed 3417 Meral, Ziya 382, 383 Merenbach, Richard N. 3328 Messick, Brinkley 3628–3630 Metcalf, Barbara D. 1805 Meysam, Taram 2004 Mezhi Mejbel Mezhi Bathal Alrashedi, Ali  2311 Mezziane, Mohammad 771 Miceli, Thomas J. 2842 Michalak, Laurence 253 Michaux-Bellaire, Édouard 2529 Midani, Mohammed Amin Al- 944 Miethe,  Terance D. 1232 Mikunda Franco, Emilio 945 Milani, Alireza 1018 Miller, Isabel 2097 Miller, Ruth A. 2903–2906 Minda, Agnieszka 116 Minganti, P. 2339 Minto, Christiano 384 Mir-Hosseini, Ziba 1477–1479, 2098, 2099 Mir-Khalili, Seyyed Mahmoud 2100, 2104 Mirmajidi, S.S. 1219 Misbah Yazdi, Muhammad Taqi 946 Mishara, Brian L. 1367 Missbach, Antje 1893 Mittlebeeler, E.V. 1233 Moazam, Farhat 3145 Modarressi, Hossein 385 Moe, Christian 380 Moghadam, Hassan Ghasemi 1923 Moghadam, Mohammad Hassan Ghosian  254 Moghaizel, Laure 811 Mohamad, Maznah 2418 Mohamad, Tun Abdul Hamid 1540, 1587, 2419 Mohamed, Gaber 1704 Mohamed, Mahfodz 1298 Mohamed, Mansurah Izzul 1588 Mohamed, Mohd Munzil Bin 1186 Mohamed Adil, Mohamed Azam 2420 Mohammad, F. 1541 Mohammad, Fida 3146 Mohaqqeq-Damad, Seyed Mostafa 947 Mohd Zin, Najibah 3147

Index of Authors Mohr, Andreas Ismail 772, 773 Mohsen, Mohsen Safia Kassem 1705 Moini, Reza 2101 Mokhtar, Khairil Azmin Bin 2347 Mokhtari, Ali 2102 Molina Lopez, Emilio 3418 Mollaei, Mohammad 2103 Mommsen, Theodor 117 Monshipouri, Mahmood 948, 949 Montgomery, Taylor R. 2301 Moore, Richter H. Jr. 3329–3331 Moosa, Ebrahim 386, 950 Moradi, Mohammad 254 Moradi, Sajad 2122 Moral Molina, Celia Del 3419 Morand, Marcel 118, 1187, 1574 Morgan, W. 1806 Mortaza, Shams 1353 Mosavi, Maryam 1456 Mossallanejad, Ezat 1414 Mostafa, Mahmoud M. 119 Mostafaei, Mohammad 2104, 2105 Mostafa-Kamel, Taïmour 620 Motlani, Rishad Raffi 491 Mottet, Éric 1589 Motzki, Harald 1480 Moulvi, Syed Zainuddin 3139 Mourad, Farouk A.R. 3332, 3333 Mousavi, Shohreh 2106, 2107 Mozaffari, Mehdi 2108 Mozzafari, Fatmah 2109 Muaygil, Ruaim 3334 Muda, Zulkifly 120 Muhairi, Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-  3599–3607 Muhaisen, W.H. 1019–1021 Muhamed, Ashgar Ali Ali 2421 Muhammad, Baba Yunus 2678 Muhammad, Ibrahim Nasir 613 Muhammad, NiʿMa Karrar 3537 Muhammad, Nisar 255 Muhammad, Ramizah Wan 951, 1288, 1894, 2387, 2388, 2422–2427, 2456 Mukhtar, Sohaib 3149 Mukkarromah, Oom 1895 Mullally, Siobhán 3150 Müller, Christian 2483, 2484, 3420–3423 Müller, Dominik M. 1590–1592

395 Müller, Lorenz 952 Mumcu, Ahmet 2907, 2908 Mumisa, Michael 583 Munawar, Shamana 350 Munir, Muhammad 1051, 1052, 1188, 1368, 1369, 1384, 1439, 1542, 3151–3153 Munshi, Jiaor Rahman 1581 Muranyi, Miklos 256 Murphy, Ray 1440 Murray, S.O. 774, 775, 2485, 2909, 2910 Murray, Stephen see previous Mursalin, Ayub 1897 Murshed, Iftikhar 387 Murtaza, Muhammad Sameer 776 Murty, Komanduri S. 3335 Musa, Abdul Samat 953 Musaev, Makhach 1601 Muslehuddin, Mohammad 1126 Muslim, Abdul Ghafur 3154 Mustafa, Abdul-Rahman 3015 Mustafa, Faizan 1807 Mustafa Ali, Nada 3538 Mustapha, Abdul Raufu 2679, 2680 Mutaf, Abdülmecid 2911 Mutairi, Mansour Z. Al-. 1112 Mutrak, Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz Al- 1398, 1481, 3336 Mwakimako, Hassan 2306 Mwalimu, Charles 2681 Mwangi, Oscar Gakuo 3378 Naarmann, Benedikt 3155, 3156 Nadafi, Hamdam 388 Nadim, Sayyid Azhar Hasan 3157 Nadjafi, Ali-Hossein see next Nadjafi Abrandabadi, Ali Hossein 1964, 1981, 1982, 2110–2117 Nafisah, Abdurrahman Al- 492 Nagar, Samia Al- 3539, 3575, 3576 Nagata, Masaki 300, 389 Nagel, Tilman 121 Nahal, Galal H. El- 1706 Nahas, Gabriel G. 257 Nahri, Syed Ahmed Faisal 3158 Naʿim, Abdullahi Ahmed An- 584, 954–960, 1415, 2457, 2682, 3540, 3541 Naini, Manuchehr Tavassoli 2208 Najafabadi, Afrooz Maghzi 2118

396 Najafi, Habibollah 2030 Najafi, Mehdi 2119 Najafi, Razieh 2120 Najafi Tavani, Choka-Agi 2121 Najafzadeh Shavaki, Ghadir 2122, 2169, 2170 Naji, Alaa A. 512 Najjar, Fauzi M. 1707, 1708 Najmabadi, Afsaneh 2123 NakheʿI, Imam 665 Nalle, Victor Imanuel W. 1898 Namazie, Maryam 390 Nanda, Ved P. 961 Nanes, Stefanie Eileen 2298 Naniya, Tijani Muhammad 2683, 2684 Naqvi, Sayyid Ali Raza 2124–2127 Naqvi, Ṡyed Ali Raza see previous Narotzky, Susana 715 Naser, M.A. 1019–1021 Nasir, Jamila M. 2685 Nasiru, W.O.A. 122 Nasr, Hesham 123 Nasri, Mohd Mukhlis Bin Mohd 1259 Nassar, Ahmad E. 1043, 1044 Nassiri, Morteza 2128 Nataloni, Maria Chiara 3542 Nateri, Mohammad Ebrahim Shams 2129 Nathie, Mahmood 621 Nawas, John 1499 Nawawi, Mahiudin Abu Zakaria Yahya Ibn Sharif En- 1338 Nawaz, M.K. 962 Nayyeri, Mohammad Hossein 1992, 2130 Nazeri, Norbani Mohamed 2428 Nazir, Farhana Antony 3159 Nazir, Khalid 3160 Nedza, Justyna 3337 Neshwiwat, Ferris K. 2299 Neumeister, Christian 3608 Newman, Graeme 2131 Ngban, Moni Odo 2686 Niazi, Samia Maqbool 1022–1024 Nickel, Gordon D. 391 Nicolai, Caroline E. 2687 Nido, Manuel Del 1271, 2530 Nielsen, H.L. 222 Nielsen, Jørgen S. 2486, 2487 Nieuwkerk, Karin Van 392 Niknam, Azadeh 2132, 2133

Index of Authors Nik Wajis, N.R. 450 Nispen Tot Sevenaer, Christian Van 1709 Nmehielle, Vincent O. 2690 Noibi, Mansur 2691, 2692 Noor, Azman Mohd see next Noor, Azman Bin Mohd 655, 656, 1260– 1264, 3161 Noor, Nor Adila 2429 Noorslawat, Sabtu 1399 Nord, Erich 2912 Nordin, Rohaida 2107 Nory Yoshanloey, Jafar 2134, 2135 Nourbaha, Reza 2136 Nowak, Joanna 116 Nugay, Kübra 2913 Nurlaelawati, Euis 1899 Nwabueze, B. 2693 Nwauche, Enyinna S. 2694, 2695 Nyazee, Imran Ahsan Khan 124, 3162 Nzegwu, Nkiru 2696 Oba, Abdulmumini Adebayo 963, 2697–2699 Obaidi, Ali 3609 OʿBrien, Susan M. 2700 OʿConnell, Brian 393 Odeh, L.E. 2701 Odey, John Okwoeze 2702 Odo, Jonathan 46 Oduyoye, Modupe 2703 Oebbecke, Janbernd 93 Oette, Lutz 3544–3546 Oʿ Fahey, Sean 3547 Ofori-Amankwah, Emmanuel H. 2704, 2705 Ogbu, Osita Nnamani 2706, 2707 Ogechi, Anyanwu E. 2708, 2709 Oh, Irene 964 Ojielo, M. Ozonnia 2710 Ojukwu, Chudi Nelson 2711 Okekocha, Chinelo 2712 Okene, Ahmed Adam 2565 Okon, Etim 657 Okoye, Festus O. 2557 Okpanachi, Eyene 2713 Öksüz, Adil 729 Olajide, Olakanmi 2714 Olaniyi, Rasheed Oyewole 2715 Olatawura, Olajide 2558

Index of Authors Olatubosun, Adeniyi 2716 Olle, John 1900 Oloso, K.K. 2717 Olsson, Susanne 1710 Omar, Abd Elwahab 605 Omar, Abdul Rashied 394 Omar, Sara 777, 778 Omar, Shagufta 3163, 3164 Omeir, Khalid Al-  3338 Omer, A. Ibrahim 3548 Opara, Victor Nnamdi 2718 Opwis, Felicitas 258, 2914 Oraegbunam, Ikenga K.E. 2719–2723 Orire, Abdul Qadir 2724 Orlando, Pablo 125 Osanloo, Arzoo 2137–2143 Ostien, Philip 2596, 2598, 2725–2736 OʿSullivan, Declan Patrick 395, 396, 965, 1711, 1712, 3549 Othman, Aida 1320, 1321 Othman, Farhad 259 Otterbeck, Jonas 3339 Ottley, B. L. 2144 Otto, Benjamin 1901 Otto, Dirk 3166 Otto, Jan Michiel 126–129, 1901, 1902 ‘Oudah, Abdul Qader 131 Ould Bouboutt, Ahmed Salem 2514 Ouazzani Chahdi, Loubna El 130, 3425–3427 Owaydhah, Khalid A. 558, 606–608 Oweidi, Ahmad Saleh Suleiman 2300 Owoade, M. Adekunle 2737 Oyewo, A. Toriola 2797 Özbek, Nadir 2915 Özkoray, Hayri GökşIn 2916 Pachman, Wojciech 223 Pacic, Jasmin 132 Padel, Wilhelm 2917 Padela, Aasim I. 218 Palmer, Eshaam 133 Palo, Stephanie 3172 Panepinto, Alice 1424 Paradelle, M. 1713 Parker, Kathryn 2301 Parker, Whitney 1425 Parmisciano, Laura 224

397 Partow, Negar 2145 Pascoe, Daniel 513, 1322 Pastene, Orlando 3339 Patel, Rashida 3173 Patton, Walter M. 2284 Patwari, M.I. 966 Paulus, Christiane 1714 Pausacker, Helen 1884, 1903 Pavlovitch, Pavel 1619–1622 Paz, Omri 2918 Peiffer, Elizabeth 3340 Peirce, Leslie P. 2919, 2920 Peláez Portales, David 3428 Peletz, Michael G. 2430, 2431 Pelham, Nicolas 3271 Pellat, Charles 779, 1715 Pely, Doron 1323, 1324 Pennell, C.R. 2340 Pennell, Richard 2921 Pereira, Charmaine 2738 Pérouse De Montlos, Marc-Antoine 2739, 2740 Perry, Megan A. 2301 Pesle, Octave 1091 Peters, Rudolph 134–139, 398, 780, 967–970, 1189, 1250, 1716–1736, 2266, 2741–2746 Petersohn, Alexandra 971 Peterson, Daniel 1904, 1905 Petry, Carl 2488–2495 Peyronnie, G. 2531 Pezeshki, Ali 2146 Pfeiffer, Julia 1543 Philipsborn, John 3174 Philpott, Daniel 399 Picheca, Giulio 2147 Pieri, Zacharias P. 2747 Piłaszewicz, Stanisław 2748 Pink, Johanna 1737, 1738 Pirhaji, Mehdi 2148 Pirzada, M. Asif Hameed 3026 Pistor-Hatam, Anja 2149 Plang, Danladi 2749 Plantey, A. 2532 Polymenopoulou, Eleni 781 Pompe, S. 1906 Porshabanan, Masoma 1286 Postawko, Robert 585 Potts, Dennis W. 1401

398 Poulain, Martine 401 Pourzand, Peyman 2150–2152 Powell, Emilia Justyna 1045 Powers, David S. 402, 1092 Powers, Paul R. 730, 1025, 1026 Pridemore, William Alex 1947 Proksch, Otto 522 Provost, René 2267 Pruitt, H. Edward 310 Pruvost Lucie 972 Puente, Cristina De La 3429, 3430 Pulcini, Theodore 403 Qadir, Mansoor 3175 Qafisheh, Mutaz 1289 Qaradawi, Yusuf Al- 140 Qasem, Anis Al- 1190 Querry, Amédée 1354 Quraishi, Asifa see Quraishi-Landes, Asifa Quraishi, Muzammil 2435, 3178, 3179 Quraishi-Landes, Asifa 1457, 1458, 2751, 3176, 3177 Qutb, Mohammad 1127 Rabb, Intisar A. 404, 658, 1062–1066, 1593 Račius, Egdūnas 2312 Raeesi, Hossein 2153, 2154 Rafeq, Abdul-Karim 2922 Rahami, Mohsen 2155–2157 Rahbar, Mohammad Taqi 1400, 3180 Rahimi, Zaki A. 3343 Rahiminejad, E. 1219 Rahman, Fazlur 659, 1272 Rahman, Shaikh Abdur 405 Rahman, Tanzil-Ur 3180 Rahmani Tabar, Mohsen 2158 Rahmatian, Ali Akbar 1234 Rahmdel, Mansour 2159–2164 Rahmdel, Naser 2163 Rai, Shirin M. 1782 Raïs, Hakim 660 Rais, Rasul Bakhsh 3181 Raja, Salman Akram 3182, 3183 Rajab, Mohammad Ali 1979 Rajabi-Ardeshiri, Masoud 525 Rajakaruna, Saama 812 Ram, Malik 661 Ramadan, Hisham M. 141, 1235

Index of Authors Ramadan, Kamal 3459, 3460 Ramadan, Tariq 1236, 1237 Raman, Kartik Kalyan 1808 Ramazani, Ahmad see next Ramezani, Ahmad 2016, 2203 Ramlee, Zulfakar 2432 Ranchhoddas, Ratanlal 3184 Randall, Patrick 1167 Ranjha, Ubaid-Ullah 3185 Rapoport, Yossef 2496 Rashad, Menna 2497 Rasheed, Abdullah Ibn M. Al- 592 Rasheed, M. Al-Saʿad Al- 3344 Rasheed, Nasser Ibn Hamad Al- 1128 Rashid, Abdur 3186 Rashid, Arssan Mussa 1623 Rastegari, Behnam 2106 Ravensbergen, Sanne 1907 Raza, M. 2054 Redissi, Hamadi 1740 Rehman, Atiqur 1238 Rehman, I. A. 3188 Rehman, Javaid 406, 781, 1385, 3189–3192 Rehman, Zia-Ur 1238, 3193 Reindl, Marion 1774 Reindl-Kiehl, Hedda 2923, 2924 Reinfandt, Lucian 1624, 1625, 1741, 1742 Reinkowski, Maurus 2925, 2926 Reisacher, Evelyne 2807 Reissner, Johannes 2165 Rejali, Darius 662, 2166 Repp, Richard 2927 Revkin, Mara 1743, 1744, 2265, 2268, 2269 Reynolds, Dwight F. 1626 Reza, Sadiq 1191, 1192, 1416 Rezaei, Hassan 1325, 1459, 2167, 2168 Rezaeian Koochi, Mohammad Reza 2122, 2169, 2170 Rezaie, Parvin 2171 Riaño, Pedro 109 Richards, D.S. 2498 Richter, Paul 260 Riddell, Peter G. 1908 Ridge, Hannah 3345 Riexinger, Martin 1809 Rifaud, J.J. 1745 Riosalido, J. 973 Rispler-Chaim, Vardit 225, 1299, 1300, 1746

Index of Authors Ritter, Hellmut 663 Rizayeva, Dana 559 Rizvi, R.A. 3194 Rizvi, S.A.H. 1485 Rizvi, Sajjad H. 2172 Rizwan, Syed Atif 664 Roald, Anne Sofie 3553, 3581 Roberson, Cliff 142 Roberts, Glenn L. 974 Roberts, K.N. 2752 Robinson, Paul H. 528, 2458–2460, 3379 Robol, Claudio 3196 Röder, T.J. 1544 Rodríguez, Fernando see next Rodríguez Mediano, Fernando 2533, 2534, 3431 Roebuck, Julian B. 3335 Rofiah, Nur 665 Rogers, Therisa 226 Rohe, Mathias 143–145, 975–977 Rohne, Holger-C. 1326 Rokni, Syed Ali Asghar Mosavi 1965 Rooholamini, Mahmood 2173 Roscoe, W. 774 Rosen, Lawrence 1027 Rosenthal, Franz 539, 626, 782, 1133, 1370 Roshan, Mohammad 2032 Ross, Shani 1425 Rouayheb, Khaled El- 783 Rowson, Everett K. 784, 1627 Royer, Ismail 3197 Roy Marín, María José 3432 Ruane, Rachel A. 2302 Rubin, Uri 1486 Ruiz, Mario M. 1747 Rumi, Raza 3198 Ry, Kirsten Van 3610 Rycx, Jean-François 2341 Saaïdia, Oissila 408 Saʿaty, Hassan Al- 3332 Sabanegh, E.S. 1748 Sabella, Mona 2065 Sabiha, Taimia 3199 Saboor, Ruba 3200 Saboory, Mohammad Hamid 1562 Sabreen, Mudasra 3201 Sabri, Badur-Ul-Hassan Khan 3202

399 Sabri, Masud-Ul-Hassan Khan 3203 Sacarcelik, Osman 978 Sachau, Eduard 1339 Sachedina, Abdulaziz A. 409, 410, 493, 979 Sada, Ibrahim Na’iya 100, 2753 Sada, Ibrahim N. see previous Sadeghi, Hossein Mir Mohammad 146, 1067, 2174–2176, 2239 Sadeghi-Fassaei, Soheila 2177 Sadiq, Tabinda 3204 Sadr, Shadi 2178 Sadri, Mahmoud 2179 Saeed, Abdullah 411–415, 980, 981, 2921 Saeed, Hassan 415 Saeed, Hilda 3205 Saeed, Riaz Ahmad 416 Safar, Safar Haji 494 Safi, Louay M. 982 Safi, Mohammad Ismail 1545 Safwat, Safia 147, 148, 3554–3556 Sahebjam, Freidoune 2180, 2181 Sahito, Imdad Hussain 3206 Sahner, Christian C. 417 Sahragard, Mojtaba 2169, 2170 Said, Sahar 149 Said Bey, Said Moustafa El 560 Saidin, Amilia 2433 Saif, Walid 983 Saigol, Rubina 3207 Sailer, Johanna 2182 Salama, MaʿMoun M. 1193, 1194 Salamone, Frank A. 2754, 2755 Salaymeh, Lena 526 Salem, Mostafa 495 Salem, Omar 1749 Saleem, Shehzad 209 Saleh, Osman Al- 150 Salgirli, Saygin 2928 Salim, Abdelghafar 261 Salim, Arskal 1909 Salim, Wan Noraini Binti Mohd 2434 Salman, Salman M.A. 3557 Saloom, Rachel 3346 Šaltūt, Maḥmūd 227 Samir, Samir Khalil 418 Samuels, Annemarie 1856 Samuelson, P.A. 3519 Samuri, Mohd Al Adib 2435

400 Sana, Rabah 1575 Sanad, Nagaty 561 Sandeela, Fateh M. 1239–1241 Saney, Parwiz 2183 Sangar, Satya Prakash 1810–1813 Sanhoury, Abdel Razak 562 Sani, Mohammed Azizuddin Mohammed 2440 Sanni, Amidu 2756–2758 Sansone, Luigi 1093 Sansoni, Silvia 2759 Santillana, David 1094 Santoso, Topo 1910 Sanusi, Mahmood M. 622 Sanusi, Sanusi Lamido 2760–2762 Saraçoğlu, M. Safa 716 Sarathi, Vepa P. 1814 Sarhan, Saud Al- 1500 Sariyannis, Marinos 2929–2931 Sarkawi, Azila Ahmad 2436 Sarkohi, Arash 2184 Sarraj, Abboud Al- 3590 Sarwar, B. 3208 Sarwar, Malik Imtiaz 419 Sattar, Adnan 3209 Sattar, Babar 3210 Sauer, Rebecca 1273 Sawad, Ahmed Ali 985 Sayebani, Ali Reza 2185 Sayed, Dima El 986 Sayyid, Riḍwān Al- 987 Sbai, Souad 420 Schabas, William A. 586 Schacht, Joseph 682, 1487 Schaflechner, Jürgen 3211 Scheel, Holger 421, 1750 Schiffer, Reinhold 2932, 2933 Schirrmacher, Christine 422–424, 988, 1460 Schmale, Wolfgang 989 Schmidtke, Sabine 272, 785 Schmitt, Arno 786–788 Schneider, Irene 666, 1134, 2187–2189 Schneider, Wendie Ellen 1815 Scholz, Peter 990, 1095–1097, 3558 Schull, Kent F. 2934–2938 Schulz, Daniel 1371 Schwartländer, Johannes 881 Schwartz, David Aaron 1386

Index of Authors Schwartz, Maurice-Lucien 514 Schwartz, Stephen 3349 Schweitzer, Elisa 3350 Schwerda, Mira Xenia 2190 Scolart, Deborah 151, 3212 Scott, Joseph E. 170, 2313, 2314 Seda-Poulin, Maria Luisa 2437, 2438 Seidensticker, Tilman 667 Seignette, N. 1098 Selle, Friedrich 2939 Semerdjian, Elyse 2940–2943 Serajzadeh, Seyed Hossein 152 Serge, Zelezeck Nguimatsa 2515 Serhan, Muwafaq Al- 2293 Serjeant, R.B. 1488 Serrano, Delfina 1099–1103, 3433–3447 Serrano Ruano, Delfina see previous  Sfeir, George N. 153, 1751 Shaalan, Mohammed 1242 Shaali, Khalifa Rashid Al- 3611, 3612 Shabana, Ayman 496, 1069 Shabbir, Mohammad 154 Shafiei-Nasab, Djafar 2191, 2192 Shah, Dian Abdul Hamed 2440 Shah, Hassam Qadir 3213, 3214 Shah, Nafisa 3215, 3216 Shah, Nasim Hasan 3217, 3218 Shah, Niaz A. 425, 610, 1441, 1442, 3219–3221 Shah, Nik Noriani Nik Badli 668 Shah, Sayed Sikander see Haneef, Sayed Sikandar Shah  Shaheed, Ahmed 2193 Shaheed, F. 3222 Shahidian, Hammed 426 Shahidullah, Shahid M. 155 Shahtaz, Noor Ahmed 3223 Shahzado, Shaikh 3224 Shaikh, Muhammad Younu 3225 Shakeri, A. see next Shakeri, Abolhasan 2194, 2197 Shakir, Chaudhry Naeem 3226–3228 Shalim, K.M. Zakir Hossain 1165 Shamari, Khalid Saleh Al- 3278 Shamiry, Najeeb 3631, 3632 Shamlo, Bagher 2195 Shammari, Tareq Saeed Al- 3351 Shamrahayu, Abd Aziz 2441–2443 Shams Nateri, Mohammad Ebrahim 2196

Index of Authors Shams Ul Basar 813 Shapiee, Rohomi 2107 Shapiro, Gilla K. 228 Sharif, Mohd Farid Bin Mohd 1274, 1275 Sharif, Muhammad 156 Sharifah, Suhana Syed Agmad 2444 Shariff, Ahmad Azam Mohd 2445 Shatree, Saad Bin Nassir Bin Abd Al-Aziz Al-  593 Shaukat, Nadeem 3122 Shavaki, Ghadir Najafzadeh see Najafzadeh Shavaki, Ghadir  Shea, Nina 378 Sheha, Abdul-Rahman Al- 991 Shehu, Emman Usman 2766 Sheidaeian, Mahdi 2007 Sheikh, Fath El Rahman Abdallah El 623 Sheikh, Mohamad A El- 3559, 3560 Sheikh, Mustapha 262 Shekarchizadeh, Mohsen 2148 Shepard, William E. 1752 Sherif, Adel Omar 1137, 1195 Sherman, Steven C. 3561 Sherwani, Ali Akram Khan 157 Shirazi, Faegheh 1987 Shirazi, Gholam Reza 2187 Shirzadi, Ali 2198 Shishi, Amir 1753 Shittu, A.D. 2767 Shokry, M. El-Dakkak 1281 Shooshtarizadeh, P. 2054 Shoro, Shahnaz 3229 Shoufani, Elias 427 Shuaib, Farid Sufian 2446, 2447 Siapno, Jacqueline 1911 Sidahmad, Muhammad Ata Alsid 669, 1420 Sidahmed, Abdel-Salam 3562 Siddiqi, Mohd. Suleiman 670 Siddiqi, Muhammad Iqbal 158 Siddique, Osama 3230 Siddiqui, Faisal 3619 Siddiqui, Mobin Ahmed 3231 Siddiqui, Mona 263 Siddiqui, Omar 992 Siddiqui, Sohaira Z.M. 2461 Siddons, Julian 1355 Sidiya, Mohamed Ahmed Cheikh 2516 Sidło, Katarzyna 2303

401 Sijpesteijn, Petra M. 1754 Sikand, Yoginder S. 1816, 3232 Simader, Elisabeth 993 Simon, Jérôme 3279 Simonsohn, Uriel 1628, 1629 Sinaulan, Ramlani Lina 1912 Singer, Amy 2944 Singh, Danny 1546 Singha, Radhika 1817, 1818 Siraj, Asifa 789 Siregar, Hasnil Basri 1913, 1914 Skelderup, Michael 3380, 3381 Skipwith, Fulwar 1819 Slaughter, M.M. 428 Smet, Daniel De 1356 So, Winky 3352 Sobotková, Veronika 2448 Sodiq, Yushau 2768–2770 Soest-Zuurdeeg, L.J. Van 128 Sofer, Jehoeda 788, 790 Sohraby, Farzad 2199 Sohrabzadeh, Mehran 2200 Solahudeen, Isa Olawale 1013 Solaim, Soliman A. 3353 Soleimani, Ali 2201 Soleimani, Farzaneh 2202 Soltanfar, Gholamreza 2119 Soltani, Samira 2203 Somea, Reza Eslami 2204 Sonbol, Amira see Azhary Sonbol, Amira ElSookhdeo, Patrick 429, 430 Sorour, Ahmed Fathi 159 Sotoudeh, Nasrin 2205 Souryal, Sam S. 160, 1401, 3354, 3355 Spalek, Basia 161 Spatz, Melissa 732 Spies, Otto 563, 671 Spuler-Stegemann, Ursula 988 Stahmann, Christian 3234, 3235 Standish, Katerina 1461 Steiner, Kerstin 1586, 2449 Stenhouse, Paul 431 Stephens, Julia Anne 1820 Stewart, Frank H. 1428 Stilt, Kristen 716, 2499 Stivens, Maila 2450 Stockreiter, Elke E. 3639 Strand, A. 1547

402 Strang, Robert R. 1915 Stratil, Michael 1594 Strawson, J. 994 Strothmann, Peter 162 Struense, V. Von 2771 Subaie, Salman Muhammed Al- 3356 Subaşi, Turgut 2945 Suberu, Rotimi T. 2772, 2773 Sudais, Muhammad A. Al- 515 Suhrke, Astri 1548 Sujimon, M.S. 625 Sulaiman, Muhammad Auwal 2774 Suleiman, Abdulkabir Olaiya 2775 Suood, Husnu Al 2462 Surty, Muhammad Ibrahim H.I. 1630 Susila, Muhammad Endriyo 1265 Suwaidi, Ghaith Ghanem Al- 3613 Suzuki, Masahiro 1287 Swazo, Norman K. 3357 Syafii, Ahmad 1916 Syed, Mairaj U. 614 Szombathy, Zoltán 432 Tabandah, Sultan Husayn 995 Tabassum, Sadia 1276 Tabatabaei, Seyed Emadeddin 2207 Tabatabai Hesari, Nasrin 1255 Tabiʾu, Muhammed 2776, 2777 Tabrizi, Amir Alishahi 1301 Tabtabaei, Chamseddine Mohammad Sayed  2206 Taebloo, Feizollah Salehi 2208 Tafner, Georg 433 Tageldin, Medani Abdelrahman 229 Taha, Mazin Said 672 Tahir, Ibrahim Nuhu 2778 Tahir, Mahmood 996 Tahir-Ul-Qadri, Muhammad 153, 164, 1244, 1245 Taiwo, E. Adewale 2779 Tajuddin, Hanifah Haydar Ali 2452 Tak, Rukhsana 3236 Talbi, M. 717 Talhami, Ghada Hashem 1417 Tamadonfar, Mehran 2209 Tamdoğan, Işik 2946–2948 Tamimi, Emad R. Al- 564

Index of Authors Tanguay-Renaud, François 3237 Tanyeri, Taner 791 Täpper, Johann 3272 Tavana, Mohammad H. 2210 Tawfik, Ahmed Hamdy 1549 Tayeb, Azmil 1758 Tayeb, Mohamed Saeed Mohamed El 3567 Tehrani, Maryam Moazezi Zadeh 997 Telle, Kari 1917 Tellenbach, Silvia 165–168, 230, 434–436, 516, 587, 814, 1058, 1246, 1550–1552, 1759, 2211–2231, 2304, 2808 Tenai, N.K. 3568 Terblanche, Dawood 792 Terman, Rochelle 673, 674 Terrill, Richard 169 Terris, Robert 3273 Thakeb, Fahed Al- 170, 2313, 2314 Thayer, Donlu 3238 Thielmann, Jörn 1760, 1761 Thomas, Dorothy Q. 3239 Thomas, Justin 1167 Thomas, T.S. 1443 Thót, Ladislaus Von 171, 2232 Thurston, Alex 2464, 2781 Tibi, Bassam 998–1001 Tier, Akolda M. 3569–3571 Tikriti, Nabil Al- 2949 Tillier, Mathieu 1106, 1501–1507 Timani, Hussam S. 437 Tofangsaz, Hamed 1387 Toft, Amir Armon 2950 Toghranegar, Hasan 2233 Toledano, Ehud R. 1762, 2951 Tolino, Serena 793–795, 1763–1766 Tømte, Aksel 1918 Tondi, Arianna 1509 Tønnessen, Liv 221, 3539, 3573–3581 Töttel, Ursula 1118 Toulat, Pierre 1002 Trepesch, Elisabeth 1767 Trocki, Karen 253 Tsafrir, Nurit 517, 518, 2285 Tucker, Judith E. 2952 Tueni, Tiphanie 300 Tuğ, Başak 2953, 2954 Turki, Abdelmagid 438

403

Index of Authors Turki, Abdulrahman A.N. Al- 3358 Türkmenoglu, Ali 439, 1772 Tyan, Émile 697, 698, 1196, 1247 Ubaidilah, Asep 1895 Ucar, Bülent 440 Uddin, Ahm Ershad 2270 Uddin, Asma T. 441, 1919 Udugbor, Marcellus 2782 Umar, Muhammad Sani 2584 Umaru, M.J. 2729 Umri, Jalaluddin 498, 1372 Unomah, E. 2600 Uruburu Colsa, Juan Manuel 675, 1489 Usman Abubakar, Musa 2783 Usmani, Muhammad Taqi 3240, 3241 Uthman, Ibrahim Olatunde 2717, 2784 Uthman, Mohammed Bello 2785, 2786 Utidjian, Haig Apisoghom S. 2830 Vahed, Muhammed Abdullah 172 Vaid, Mobeen 796 Vajda, Georges 1508 Vakil, Chunilal Harilal 1821 Vallaro, M. 231 Valli, Rafique 232 Vanzan, Anna 751, 2234 Vasmaghi, Sedighe 2235 Vassalli, Giuliano 173 Veintimilla, Julian D. 1444 Vejdani, Farzin 2236 Vellenga, S.J. 780 Vercellin, G. 718 Verma, Arvind 1220, 1793 Verma, Jag Mohan Singh 1003 Vikør, Knut S. 174 Vila Dios, Miguel 175 Vincent, M.B. 1104 Vinchon, J. 264 Virk, Muhammad Akram 1225 Vitoshka, Diana Y. 815 Vliek, Maria 442 Vöcking, P. Hans 2517 Vogel, Frank E. 1388, 3359–3361 Vogler, Richard 176 Vogt, Kari. 380 Vránová, Barbora 3614

Vries, G.J.J. de 398 Vroom, Hendrik 2787 Wafer, Jim 797 Wagner, Mark S. 699, 3633 Wahba, Tawfīq ʿAlī 1768, 3362 Waines, David 265 Waldman, Marilyn Robinson 443 Wali Ullah, Mir 177, 178 Walker, Jeffrey K. 3363 Walker, Nigel 1595 Walpole, Charles George 2955 Waltter, Amin K. 798–800 Wan-Tatah, Victor F. 2788 Waqar-Ul-Haq, Muhammad 3242 Warberg, Lasse 179 Warburg, Gabriel 3523, 3583 Wardak, Ali 1524, 1553–1557, 3364 Warnock, Dan L. 2253 Warraich, Sohail Akbar 3243, 3244 Warrick, Catherine 816, 2305 Wasella, Jürgen 3365 Wasserstein, David 3448 Wasti, Aarij S. 3245 Wasti, Tahir H. 3246–3249 Watt, W. Montgomery 266 Wazir, A. 588 Ważyńska-Finck, Katarzyna 1004 Weilert, Anja Katarina 3250 Weimann, Gunnar 451, 2789–2794 Weinberg, Jon 3366 Weiss, Anita M. 3251–3254 Weiss, Bernard 1248 Weisstub, David N. 1367 Welchman, Lynn 817, 818, 2288, 3274 Wensinck, A.J. 267 Werner, Diana 1304 Westermarck, Edward 2535 Wetering, Wilhelmina Beatrix Stella Van De  2342 Whaley, Zoe 233 White, Joshua M. 2956 Wickens, G.M. 3449 Wiechman, Dennis J. 1197 Wiederhold, Lutz 2500 Wilcke, Christoph 3367 Williams, Walter L. 2453

404 Wilson, Ian Douglas 1920 Wimpelmann, Torunn 1529, 1558–1561 Winkler, Carol 2258 Winston, Brian 2238 Winter, Michael 2957 Wittinger, Michaela 1005 Wood, Asmi John 444, 1445, 1446 Worden, Scott 1425 Wright, Brian 733 Yachkaschi, Ali 1006 Yadav, Rupali 1822 Yadudu, Auwalu H. 2795 Yahya, Hajah Nurul Akmalina Binti Haji 1596 Yakubu, J. Ademola 2796, 2797 Yamani, Mai 894 Yari, Ayatollah 2239 Yassari, Nadjma 1562 Yawuri, Aliyu Musa 2798, 2799 Yayla, Ahmet S. 2261 Yelwa, M.I. 2800 Yerushalmi, Mordechai 103 Yilmaz, Fikret 2958 Yılmaz, İbrahim 1070 Yılmaz, Mehmet Şakir 2959 Young, G. 2960 Young, Jacqueline M. 3368 Young, Walter 676 Young, William C. 1418 Yousef, Nayef Kadri Al- 1769 Yunnis, Mohamed 607, 608 Yunus, Mohamad see previous Yusoff, Jal Zabdi Mohd 2106 Yusop, Husna 2454 Yusuf, Danish 180 Yusuf, Faisal A. Al- 1421 Yusuf, Hakeem O. 1426 Yusufari, Mamman Lawan 2801, 2802 Zadnahal, Sahar 2241 Zafar, Emmanuel 677 Zafar, Noor 3255 Zafarqandi, Sajad Fatahi 2242

Index of Authors Zagaris, Bruce 624 Zahed, Ludovic-Mohamed 801 Zahim, Abdullah Az- 445 Zahraa, Mahdi 1198 Zahra-Malik, Mehreen 3256 Zahur-Ud-Din, Mian 3257 Zaidi Wasti, Sayyid Tahir Haider 3258 Zainol, Nur Zainatul Nadra 1770 Zainuddin 1302 Zakariyah, Luqman 1053–1057, 1340, 2803, 2804 Zakharia, Katia 1509 Zalkind, Paola 2243 Zaman, Muhammad Qasim 1510, 3259 Zaman, Sarah 3089 Zamani, A. 2244 Zarai, Shahla 2245 Zarei Sabzeyar, Mohamed Reza 2246 Zarinebaf, Fariba 2961 Zawawi, Majdah 1061, 2387 Zeʿevi, Dror 2962 Zehetgruber, Christoph 532, 533, 1402, 1773 Zeidy, Mohamed M. El 1440 Zeine, Ibrahim M. 3584, 3585 Zemmali, Ameur 1447 Zens, Robert W. 2935 Zia, Afiya Shehrbano 3260–3262 Zia, Shehla 3263, 3264 Ziadeh, Farhat J. 543 Ziaee, Keyvan 1977 Zia Ullah, Muhammad 3265 Ziebertz, Hans-Georg 1774 Zilberman, Ifrah 3275 Zirari-Devif, Michèle 2536, 2537 Zofairi, Fayez Al  3369 Zoli, C. 1427 Zollner, Barbara 802 Zouache, Abbès 1511 Zubair, ʿAbdul-Qadir 678 Zuhur, Sharifa 1463–1465 Zulfa, Eva Achjani 1921 Zulfiqar, Adnan A. 1597, 2459 Zwaini, Laila Al- 3634–3636 Zwemer, Samuel Marinus 446–448

Index of Subjects and People Abbasids Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, trial 1492, 1494 legal opinions on Bābak’s uprising 1500 beheadings 1511 caliph 1510 corruption 1491 courts 1507 crime literature 1509 Hallaj, Husayn ibn Mansur 1498 heresiography 1497 Ibn ʿĀʾisha 1499 maẓālim 1490, 1504 mutilations 1511 prisoners 1502 prisons 1506 public order 1496 qāḍīs 1501, 1505 rape 1495 women in court 1503 zandaqa 1493, 1508 abortion Arab-Islamic culture 224 Arab law 184 birth control 194, 206, 207, 233 Cairo Population Conference 1994 classical Sunni fiqh 216 comparative perspective 189 contraception 183 disadvantaged fetus 225 discussions 220 divergent views 217 embryo 208 ensoulment 181, 182, 217 family planning 186 fetus legal consequences of aggression against fetus 203 legal status 185 rights in Islam 187, 215 in Sunni Islamic law 197 forced 193 Indonesia 1824 international comparison 230 Iran 2054

Islam 188, 195, 196, 204, 209, 211, 219, 222, 227, 231, 232 Islamic ethics 199, 200, 216, 226 Islamic law 93, 184, 223, 229 Malaysia 2429 Middle East and North Africa 221 mother’s life in danger 218 Muslim-majority countries 192, 212, 228 Nigeria 2718 Ottoman Empire 2845, 2850, 2853, 2904 politics and practices 213, 214 pre-marital screening of disabled embryos 205 Qurʾān 1890 after rape 191 religious attitudes 1774 rising life 190 Sudan 3573, 3577 Turkey 2856, 2904 adultery (see zinā) Afghanistan adultery 1558 apostasy 1514, 1530 blood feuds 1512, 1547 constitution 1526 and Sharīʿa 1552 crime and war 1524, 1553 Criminal Code  of (1924) 1523 of (2017) 1550 criminal law 1513, 1519, 1527, 1535 concept of crime 1549 search for penal code 1540 Criminal Procedure Code (2004) 1516, 1533 customary justice 1513 fair trial guarantees 1544, 1551 gender violence 1559–1561 honour killings 1545 human rights 1526, 1544, 1546 informal dispute resolution 1513, 1520, 1521, 1543, 1556 role of women 1521 Juvenile Code 1525, 1526 law reform 1518

406 Afghanistan (cont.) legal pluralism 1546 legal system 1527, 1534, 1539 and international human rights standards 1538 and Islamic law 1536, 1537 non-state 1554 rebuilding 1555, 1557 reform 1548 moral crimes  and girls 1532 and men 1529 Pashtunwali 1512, 1517 rape 1558 sexual violence 2151 Sharīʿa position in national law 1562 practice 1522 Taliban administration of justice 2267 code of conduct 1542 and Islamic Courts Union 1515 judiciary 1528 law enforcement 1541 theft 1531 women 1526 safe houses (khana-yi aman) 1517 Africa criminal law and criminal justice 1564 pre-colonial criminal justice in West Africa 1563 alcohol (see also wine) 253 Abu Zayd al-Balkhī 265 Al-Andalus 3416 Cairo 1701 consumption  for medical purposes 244 in Qurʾān 236, 254 Daghestan 1601 health 254 history 260 Ibn Rushd on drinking 263 identity 262 Islam and science 237 lawfulness 246 legal discourse 261 Maliki law 1074, 1075 Middle East 252

Index of Subjects and People Nigeria 2666 Ottoman Empire 2865 prohibition 240, 241, 247 as taboo 259 alcoholism social factors of delinquency 672 history 264 solution in Islam 255 Algeria apostasy 1569 blasphemy laws 1565 blood money 1567, 1573, 3465, 3467 complicity 1568 crime and intentionality 3466 diya 3465 execution 1570 freedom of religion 1575 intentional homicide 1566 Islamic criminal courts 1571 proof 1574 shurṭa in Ottoman Algeria 1572 apostasy (see also apostates) abuse by state and non-state actors 316 Afghanistan 1514, 1530 Algeria 1569 Arab law 281–284, 352 blasphemy laws 83, 364, 389 Christian-Islamic context 321 and Christians in the Arab world 335 contemporary Islamic theology 423, 424 conversion 277, 298, 332, 343, 345, 392, 394 in the Abrahamitic religions 433 deradicalisation 392 sociological perspective 383 Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain 390 cyber-apostasy 370, 371, 403 death penalty 304, 342, 412 debate in contemporary Islam 336, 418 in the diaspora 397 divorce 289, 305 early Islam 1602, 1628, 1629 Egypt 392, 1650, 1656, 1659, 1680, 1682, 1684, 1695, 1710, 1712, 1737, 1758 excommunication 332 extremism 316, 317 former Muslims, narratives 347–349, 356, 382

407

Index of Subjects and People

freedom of expression 289, 321, 330, 380 freedom of religion 271, 286, 291, 299, 308, 319, 333, 351, 362, 412, 413, 429, 444 Al-Ghazālī 275 ḥadīth 294 Hanafi law 693 Hanbali law 693, 704 historical perspective 320, 422 human rights 291, 315, 321, 345, 353, 373 India 1804 Indonesia 1825, 1883, 1899 of intellectuals 339 international legal obligations 316, 334 Iran 1963, 2105, 2179 Islam 274, 278–280, 290, 292, 309, 329, 367, 387, 406, 407, 415, 439 Islamic international law 361 Islamic law 93, 281–284, 306, 359, 381, 384, 398, 406, 435, 436 an Ahmadi refutation 368 after Arab Spring 393 Islamic state 2264 Italy 420 Kuwait 308, 2308–2310, 2312 law 378, 446–448 Malaysia 1578, 2351–2353, 2412, 2416, 2420, 2434, 2435 Maliki law 1083 Mamluk period 2474 minority view 316, 317 modern application of 389 in modern Islamic thinking 338 Muslim conquest of Arabia 427 Muslim political theology 386 Netherlands 442 North African law 307 Ottoman Empire 2815, 2832, 2846–2848, 2871, 2945, 2949 Pakistan 3030, 3044, 3225 punishment 293, 295, 304, 315, 318, 324, 327, 328, 354, 366, 381, 391, 395, 405, 413 Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf al- 363 queer perspective 374 Qurʾān 291, 359 necessity of reevaluation 302 repression of dissent 414 and ritual prayer 445 Saudi Arabia 3357, 3365

selected jurisdictions 337 Shīʿī law 1345 Sudan 289, 3541 Sunna 326 Sweden 369, 392 and takfīr 389 as taboo 259 traditional view 316, 317 United Kingdom 442 Western societies 375 apostate(s) (see also apostasy) 269, 322, 426, 1270 Afghan 1514 Al-Bukhari’s hadith 409 Bangladesh 1579 becoming Christian 310 dār al-Islām 325 death penalty 440, 702 Egypt 1687, 1696 Iraq 2248 Italy 420 Jordan 2303 Malaysia 2424 Ottoman Empire 2905 political and legal status 400 punishment 440 Qurʾān 496 repentence 303 al-Shāfiʿī and al-Ghazālī 1331 Shiʿites 317 the state as apostate 3337 ʿāqila Hanafi law 518 responsibility for blood money 515, 517 Arab League Unified Penal Code project 1576 arbitration (see settlement) baghy (see rebellion) banditry (see ḥirāba) Bangladesh Ahmadis 1579 apostasy 1582 Children Act (2013) 1580 criminal justice system 1577 death penalty 2977 homicide 1581 Islamisation of law 3166

408 Bangladesh (cont.) offences against religion 1579 Taslima Nasrin affair 1578 bioethics assisted suicide 488 autopsy 468 brain death 92, 460, 476, 480, 481 corpses, in medicine 482 decision to end life 489, 492 discourse 463 ectopic pregnancies 478 ethics of killing and saving life 467 frozen embryos 472, 474, 478 genetic engineering ḥurma 484 Islam 454 Islamic law 458, 475, 496 life science 471 medical ethics 462, 471, 486, 494 medical technologies 473 organ transplantation 232, 476, 483, 495 physical integrity 484 principles and application 493 problems and perspectives 456 surrogate parenting 204, 232 test tube babies 232 birth control (see also abortion) 202, 204, 210, 233 blasphemy Al-Andalus 3406 Algeria (Tlemcen) 402, 1565 anti-blasphemy laws and terrorism 358 and apostasy 83, 364, 389 death penalty in Qurʾān 396 defamation of religions 273, 340, 386 dhimmīs 438 Egypt 1666, 1680, 1712 fiqh 323 freedom of speech 297, 380, 416, 431 Ibn Taymiyya 704 Indonesia 1823, 1844, 1848–1850, 1860, 1861, 1865, 1871, 1876, 1880, 1898, 1904, 1905, 1917, 1918 Iran 2104 Islam 350, 389, 411 Islamic law 330, 357, 404, 406 laws 378 Malaysia 2413

Index of Subjects and People Mamluks 2500 modern application 389 modern law 357, 378 Muslim-majority countries 406, 434, 441 Nigeria 2783 Organisation of the Islamic Conference 379 Pakistan 2963, 2968, 2973, 2975, 2984, 2992, 2996, 3013, 3024, 3030, 3033, 3034, 3049, 3051, 3053, 3071, 3072, 3075, 3088, 3094, 3139, 3158, 3165, 3169, 3188, 3197–3199, 3204, 3211, 3225, 3226, 3228, 3230, 3232, 3256 political function in Islamic states 376 Saudi Arabia 3339, 3357 slander of the Prophet (sabb al-nabī)  438, 2500 and takfīr 389 traditional rules of 345 Turkey 3339 blood feuds (see blood vengeance)  blood money air carrier liability 512 blood feuds 509, 520 bodily harm 510 as clemency 513 as compensation 516 ḍamān 499, 503 early Islam 504, 1609 Egypt 1632 fiqh 506 and gender 511 and homicide 501, 507, 508, 510 from an Islamic jurist’s perspective 505 Libya 2329 medical cases 3313 Middle East 520 North Africa 514 as punishment or compensation 502 in restorative justice 500 Saudi Arabia 3313, 3320 Sudan 3480 Syria and Lebanon 506 and takāful 503 United Arab Emirates 3609 blood vengeance Afghanistan 1512 Ingushetia 1598

Index of Subjects and People

Islamic law 521 Israel 2273, 2274, 2276, 2279, 2282, 2284 Jordan 2291, 2293, 2300 Middle East 509, 520 prophet Muhammad’s position 522 pre-Islamic 519, 522 Sudan 3486 bribery (see corruption) Brunei freedom of religion 1584 human rights 1591 implementation of ḥudūd, differences with Malaysia 1587 Islamic criminal law 1588, 1589, 1596, 1597 LGBT rights 1595 socio-legal change 1592 Syariah Penal Code 1585, 1583, 1586, 1590, 1593, 1594 Caucasus alcohol prohibition in Dagestan 1601 blood feuds in Ingushetia 1598 legal pluralism 1600 Sharīʿa courts 1599, 1600 capital punishment (see death penalty) children’s rights (see juvenile justice) Christian martyrs under Islam 417 codification criminal law  Egypt 1717, 1733 India 1798 Malaysia 2428 Maldives 2460 Pakistan 3149 Somalia 3379 Sudan 3511, 3584 fiqh 1458 ḥudūd 668, 3149 Islamic criminal law 528, 1593 coercion (see duress) commanding right and forbidding wrong  39, 3359 comparative law and Islamic (criminal) law Canada 529 China 530 Denmark 530

409 England 530 European system 529, 532, 533 France 530 Germany 530 Judaism 531 Russia 530 United States of America 530 contraception (see also birth control) Arab-Islamic culture 224 Islamic view 183, 232 conversion 343 and aid evangelism 394 Al-Andalus 3441, 3448 Algeria 1569 and apostasy 383, 2815 early Islam 1628, 1629 forced 3441 to and from Islam 277, 356, 408 Islamic perspectives on 394 Islamic tradition 332 Jordan 2303 Malaysia 2411 North Africa 2807 Ottoman Empire 2815, 2832, 2846–2848 women 2807 corruption Bukhara 537 Indonesia 1837, 1852, 1869 Iran 2057, 2058, 2074 Islam 536, 539 Islamic law 534, 535, 538 Nigeria 2636 Ottoman Empire 2817, 2842, 2923 Pakistan 3175 white collar crimes 534 court(s) Afghanistan 1515, 1544 Al-Andalus 3420, 3433, 3444 blasphemy 330 Caucasus 1599, 1600 and corrections 1197 Egypt 1650, 1651, 1684, 1695, 1734, 1737, 1743, 1744 freedom of expression 330 heresy 330 India 1786, 1800, 1815, 1819, 1821 Indonesia 1839, 1844, 1850, 1907

410 court(s) (cont.) International Court of Justice 1045 International Criminal Court 1028– 1030, 1032, 1036, 1041, 1044, 2071, 2146, 2566 Iran 2019, 2028, 2081, 2144, 2146, 2161 Islamic Courts Union (Somalia) 1515, 3370, 3375, 3378 Islamic law in contemporary courts 36, 62 Islamic State (ISIS) 2267 Israel 2285 Kenya 2306 Libya 2329, 2330 Malaysia 2389, 2393, 2389, 2393, 2422, 2423, 2426, 2427, 2442 oath and perjury 1154 Nigeria 2543, 2564, 2566, 2597, 2618, 2627, 2689, 2691, 2697–2699, 2725, 2742 Ottoman 2819, 2830, 2835–2838, 2841, 2851, 2852, 2857, 2858, 2894, 2785, 2916, 2918, 2919, 2924, 2947 Pakistan 2974, 3016, 3041, 3054, 3074, 3092, 3125, 3152, 3202, 3238 Saudi Arabia 3301, 3330, 3348 Sharīʿa 861, 1599, 1600, 1630, 1743, 1744, 1755, 2393, 2389, 2393, 2422, 2423, 2426, 2427, 2442, 2618, 2627, 2691, 2698, 2699, 2725, 2742, 2835, 2841, 2851, 2852, 2895, 3041, 3125, 3152, 3330, 3348, 3370, 3375, 3377, 3378, 3433, 3444, 3628, 3638 Somalia 3370, 3375, 3377, 3378 Sudan 3511, 3512, 3560, 3565 United Arab Emirates 3598, 3605 Yemen 3628 Zanzibar 3638 crimes of passion (see honour killings)  criminal law (see country-specific entries) criminal law reform Abdullahi an-Naʿim’s reform proposal  540 critique of 542 Afghanistan 1533 Arab legal systems 543 Muslim countries 541 Pakistan 3244 Sudan 3450, 3454, 3455, 3463, 3484, 3535, 3544–3546, 3551, 3552, 3576

Index of Subjects and People criminal procedure Afghanistan 1516, 1533 British India 1798 Indonesia 1915 Iran 1995, 2007, 2016, 2045, 2071, 2153, 2160, 2242 Iraq 2249 Islamic 1032, 1150, 1152, 1176, 1181, 1195 Kenya 2306 Malaysia 2401, 2442 Nigeria 2587, 2730, 2731, 2765 Pakistan 3130, 3213 Saudi Arabia 3289, 3317, 3356, 3363 Sudan 3460, 3509, 3550 criminal responsibility, liability and family relations 556 forensic psychiatry 552 Hanafi law 685 impact of immunity 564 injury resulting from premises 551 Iran 1945, 2015, 2086, 2106, 2107 Islamic criminal law 530, 544–549, 553, 555, 557, 558, 560–564 Malaysia 2368 medical negligence 494, 554 Muslim countries 559 Pakistan 3201 protection of diplomats 550 Syria and Lebanon 506 cyber crime 565–567 cyber apostasy 403 cyber pornography 1989 cyber-sectarian conflict 567 cyber vandalism 566 Daesh (see Islamic State) death penalty for apostasy 304, 396, 412 for blasphemers 396 critique 576, 585 discretion 568 Egypt 580, 1704 Ilkhanate 2519 Indonesia 1830, 1887 Iran 527, 1938, 1939, 1943, 1944, 1948, 1971, 1996, 2011, 2091, 2101, 2150, 2154, 2193, 2198, 2205 Islam 569, 586

Index of Subjects and People

Islamic law 570, 575, 577–583, 588 Islamic world 571, 584, 587 juvenile death penalty 527, 571 Malaysia 2360, 2386 Nigeria 2569, 3340 Ottoman Empire 2818 Pakistan 527, 2977, 3148, 3163, 3164, 3233 Saudi Arabia 527, 3280, 3304, 3324, 3340, 3345, 3346, 3352, 3358 Sudan 527 and torture in Islamic thought 573, 574 United Arab Emirates 3593 United States of America 3618 and war 1438 Yemen 527 defamation of religions, religious 340, 386, 404, 416, 590, 591 Pakistan 3191 Sharīʿa 592 defence  of honour 2292 Iran criminal law 2038 Islamic law 595, 597, 598, 602 private defence 600 of women’s chastity 607 provocation as defence in murder cases 599 repentance 1281 Saudi Arabia 3347 self-defence 594, 606, 608–610 and intoxication 601 social defence 596, 603, 604, 605 diya (see blood money) doubt (shubha) ḥadd-avoidance in cases of doubt 658, 1060, 1061, 1065, 1067 in theft cases 1059 Islamic law 1062, 1063, 1064, 1066 drug(s) 249 addiction in Islamic history 234 hashish in Islam 257 Indonesia 1887 Iran 1947, 2036 laws 249 Malaysia 2386 prohibition 258 Saudi Arabia 3280

411 duress Imami jurisprudence 2004 Iranian penal law 2004 Islamic law 611, 612, 614 and English, Malaysian law 613 Sudan 3501 early Islam ʿAbdallāh b. al-Zubayr 1603 adultery penalty 1470, 1619, 1621 hadīth 1620, 1622 alcoholic beverages 246 apostasy 1628, 1615, 1629 and religious minorities 1602 armed robbery 1625 blood money 504, 1609 conversion 1628, 1629 courts 1630 crime and punishment 1227 crucifixion 1604, 1625 Egypt crime and punishment 1741 law and order 1742 policing, punishment, prisons 1754 executions 1617, 1618 fornication 1254, 1620 hadīth on beer 1606 heretics burning 1617 punishment 1612 homosexuality 777 ḥudūd 644 Ibn al-Jawzī 1616 imprisonment 1130 induced miscarriage 1084 Jordan, homicide 2301 legal situation 1608 maẓālim 1613 Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyya, imprisonment 1603 oath 1624 penal law in 1605 and pre-Islamic Arabs 1605 prison 1603 punishment banishment 1627, 1627 community participation 1605

412 early Islam (cont.) public humiliation 1627, 1627 song and punishment 1626 qasāma 1611 rape 1254 rebellion 1616 rebels 1617 shurṭa 1610, 1623 wine 245, 1614 Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya 1616 zinā 1254, 1470 economic crime (see financial crime)  Egypt abortion contemporary debate 1648 in international comparison 1759 Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid 1631, 1633, 1634, 1641, 1644, 1645, 1658, 1663–1665, 1684, 1690, 1692, 1696, 1698, 1703, 1707, 1740, 1751, 1760, 1770 Adultery, 16th century 1654 alcohol consumption 1701 apostasy 1635, 1650, 1658, 1659, 1679, 1680, 1682, 1684, 1695, 1696, 1712, 1737, 1758 compared to Malaysia 1758 debate 1689 and ḥisba 1710 state council rulings 1687 trials, 14th century 1656 Bahāʾī 1737 Bedouin justice 1640, 1686, 1697, 1705 blasphemy 1667, 1680, 1712, 1714 blood money 1632 blood vengeance 1688, 1726 conversion 1636, 1685 corruption 1699 criminal law 1745 application, 19th century 1718, 1730, 1731 codification, 19th century 1717, 1724, 1725, 1727, 1733 dhimmīs 1729 homicide 1769 origins in Ottoman Egypt 1719 reform, 19th century 1652, 1724, 1725 transition to Western law 1638 criminal statistics 1747

Index of Subjects and People death penalty 1655, 1693, 1704 duress 1753 early Islamic Egypt  crime and punishment 1741 law and order 1742 Farag Foda 1679 female genital mutilation (FGM) 1767 forensic medicine 1675 methods of identification 1671 post-mortem examinations 1746 freedom of expression 1711 freedom of religion 1738, 1739, 1750 ḥisba 1644, 1651, 1709, 1711, 1715, 1760, 1761 homicide  in 19th century 1723, 1732 homosexuality 1660, 1763, 1765, 1766 honour killings 1646 hymen reconstruction 1469 Islamic law and forensic medicine 1669 and freedom of religion 1682 and human rights 1668 in Ottoman Cairo 1642, 1643 Islamic Penal Code project 1653, 1694, 1768 judicial organisation in Ottoman Egypt 1706 position of religious matters 1713 judiciary, development 1728 justice, medieval 1700 legal order 1716 medicine and law 1678 murder trial 1734, 1735 Muslim Brotherhood and human rights 1681 organ transplantation 1469 Ottoman legal history 1677 Penal Code 1683 and Tanzimat 1639 Peters, Rudolph 1670 police in 19th century 1676 policing in early Islamic Egypt 1754 power abuse 1732 prisons  in early Islamic Egypt 1754 in 19th century 1674, 1720–1722 prostitution 1764 in 19th century 1673

Index of Subjects and People

public order 1661 punishment and physical pain 1672 qasāma 1647 rape 1662, 1723, 1732, 1756 in 19th century 1732 retribution 1667 Sharīʿa application 1708, 1716, 1735 courts 1755 debates 1657, 1691, 1702, 1748 Muhammad Saʿid al-ʿAshmawi 1752 Sharīʿa courts in the Sinai 1743, 1744 Sharīʿa law developments 1716, 3494 takfīr 1712 theft 1762 torture 1672 violation of the law 1749 violence in 19th century 1637 women in Sharīʿa courts 1755 gender violence 1757 zinā 1729 euthanasia 459, 464, 465, 469, 470, 485, 487, 488 and e-fatwas 461 Islam 457 and Western Christianity 491 Islamic law 452, 453, 466, 477, 478, 490, 495, 497 and Islamism 455 and suicide 498 evidence circumstantial 1186, 2432 forensic 1165, 1171 Islamic law 4, 1138, 1145–1147, 1149, 1156, 1161, 1173, 1180, 1194, 2378 India 1779, 1814 Malaysia 2378, 2432 Nigeria 2742 Ottoman courts 2858 Pakistan 2976, 3130 rape 1256 sexual violation 1252 signs as evidence 1177 of unbelief 432 United Arab Emirates 3594 excommunication (see takfīr) family planning  Islamic law 198

413 financial crime fraud in Islamic law 617 compared with Arab, French, Lebanese laws 618 in investment funds 621 Islamic law 619, 620 money laundering 615, 616, 622–624 Iran 2164, 2199 parallel banking systems 624 terrorist financing 1381, 1387 fornication (see also zinā) 661, 672, 1254, 1468, 1469, 1474, 1485, 2752, 2837, 2958 foundling 625 fraud (see financial crime) freedom of expression 416, 419 Egypt 1711 Iran 2009, 2185, 2204 Islamic law 330, 406 freedom of religion 285–288, 291, 344, 365, 380, 399, 407, 419, 430 and apostasy 291, 351, 362, 412, 415, 444 Egypt 421, 1682 human rights 331, 360, 425 international law 421 Islam 415 Islamic countries 388 Islamic law 355, 413, 421 Malaysia 2351–2353, 2395, 2416, 2420, 2440 Nigeria 2693 Pakistan 2996 Qurʾān 268, 410, 425 Sudan 3553, 3571 gambling 626, 3610 gender (see women) genocide international and Islamic law 627 rape as weapon of (ISIS) 2257 Germany attitudes of young Muslims 1774 Islamic criminal law compared to German law 1772, 1773 religious defamation 1771 Gulf Cooperation Council intellectual property rights 1775 and UN human rights treaties 1776

414 ḥadd, ḥudūd adultery (see also zinā) 648, 650, 672 Al-Andalus 3440 Arab law 675 alcoholism 672 avoidance in cases of doubt (see also doubt) 658 Brunei 1587 circumstantial evidence (qarīna) 1186 codification 668 crucifixion 663, 667, 671 as deterrence 630 doubt 1060, 1061, 1065 general 632, 638, 652, 657, 659, 665, 669, 670, 677, 1304 Ghāmidī, Javēd Aḥmad on 654 in hadīth 644 hand amputation 635, 636, 649, 651 Abu Bakr ibn al-Mundhir on 651 by Islamists 660 pre-Islamic origins 676 implementation 637 international human rights 642, 887, 920 Iran 2028, 2125 Malaysia 2344, 2349, 2364, 2370, 2372, 2385, 2394, 2405, 2407, 2437, 2438, 2994 justification 630, 631 Libya 2339 Nigeria 2567, 2568, 2791, 2778 Pakistan 2968, 2979, 2994, 3068, 3125, 3126, 3128, 3145, 3149, 3153, 3240, 3263 procedure, role of witnesses in 645 public violence 643, 1348 Qurʾān 634, 678 reform 642, 646 reinstatement 675 replantation of an amputated limb 1299 Saudi Arabia 3303, 3336 Somalia 3380 state legitimacy 643 stoning 633, 636, 639, 641, 647, 648, 653, 656, 661, 662, 664, 666, 674, 1454, 1458 Arab women and stoning 1454 compared to Judaism 629 contemporary application 655, 1482, 1484 early Islam 1621

Index of Subjects and People Iran 673 Maliki law 1102 Nigeria 673 its pre-Islamic origins 676 Qurʾān 664 Shiʿite jurisprudence 1344 Sunna 656 and ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb’ 640 verse on stoning 647 Sudan 3558 and taʿzir 628 theft (see also theft) 672, 1059, 1399 United Arab Emirates 3598 women’s testimony 1151 zinā 1483 Hanafi criminal law 4 alcohol 262 al-Fatāwā al-ʿĀlamgīriyya 684 apostasy 693 Ibn al-Humam on apostasy 693 ʿāqila 518 claims of men and claims of God 688, 690 criminal responsibility 685, 698 dār al-ḥarb and dār al-Islām 680 equality 689 features 679 general 682, 694, 695 government authority 687 al-Hidāya 696 homicide 2886 ʿiṣma 691 liability 2886 proof 686 Prophet Muhammad, insulting of 699 rape 1251 siyāsa 681, 1251, 2969 ṣulḥ, al-Kāsānī on 1319 ʿuqūbāt, procedural law 692 war, al-Sarakhsī on 683 Hanbali criminal law 4 apostasy, Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal on 702 crime and punishment 701 blood money for abortion 700 Ibn Taymiyya on blasphemy 704 al-Khiraqi, the mukhtaṣar of 703 punishments 705 hashish in Islam 257

Index of Subjects and People heresy 302, 311, 329, 372, 377 Al-Andalus 3405 Aleppo 2940 Indonesia 1900 Islamic law 330 Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd case 1692 politicisation of 302 Saudi Arabia 3357 South India 1788 traditional rules 345 zindīq/zandaqa 314, 346, 1334, 1493, 1508, 3407 heretics 296, 312, 1612, 1617 ḥirāba (banditry) Islamic law 450, 1271 jihadist ideology 451 new Sharīʿa perspectives 449 ḥisba Al-Andalus 3382, 3387, 3396–3398, 3409, 3449 Egypt 1644, 1651, 1709–1711, 1715, 1760, 1761, general 710, 716 Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad on  711, 712 as institution 697, 715, 718 jāhilī origins 709 legal ethics 713 literature 708, 714, 717 Malaysia 2359 Mamluks 2466, 2475 Mawardi on 1328 Morocco 2536 Nigeria 2545, 2715 Pakistan 3091 Seljuqs 2902 Spain 1078 Tilimsānī, Muḥammad al-ʿUqbānī al- on 707 Tunisia 3591 and violence 706 homicide Al-Andalus 3410 Algeria 1566 and apostasy 276 Arab law 728 Bangladesh 1581 by casting evil eye 722

415 compensation 501, 507, 508, 510 defence 599 Egypt 1734, 1735 and gender justice 1448 general 720, 724, 725, 731 and 19th century jurisdictions 733 and honour (see also honour killings)  806, 1461, 2280 India 1779, 1813 infanticide 721 intentional homicide 276, 599, 644, 719, 722–726, 806, 1250, 1461, 1734, 1735, 1779, 1813, 1923, 2019, 2037, 2092, 2097, 2129, 2171, 2196, 2290, 2302, 2468, 2473, 2527, 2819, 2838, 2840, 2844, 2863, 2878, 2898, 3079, 3213, 3249, 3256, 3258, 3308, 3410 Iran 1923, 2019, 2032, 2037, 2092, 2097, 2129, 2171, 2196, 2290, 2302 Islamic law 727 Jordan 2301 Malaysia 2356 Maliki law 1071 Mamluks 2468, 2473, 2482, 2483 Morocco 2527, 2535 Nigeria 2669, 2767, 2965 oath, function 1155 Ottoman Empire 2819, 2879, 2880, 2838, 2840, 2844, 2863, 2878, 2898, 2950 Pakistan 2965, 3079, 3213, 3249, 3256, 3258 and qasāma 1250 Qurʾān 726, 729 and Tora 729 Saudi Arabia 3308 Shāfiʿī law 1338 sin and expiation 730 Sudan 3480, 3520 United States of America 3615 of ʿUthman 644 of women 806 wife killing, legal defences 732 homosexuality African nations 769 Al-Andalus in mujun literature 743 Arab literature 734 Arab world 748

416 homosexuality (cont.) Ar-Razī on 782 debate 777, 802 fatwas 793 female, history and representation 753 fiqh 786 general 737, 746, 752, 767, 774, 788, 791 genetic points of view 750 hadīth 741, 799, 800 history of 783 historical background 742 Ibn Ḥazm on 735 Islam 739, 745, 747–750, 751, 758, 760, 762, 765, 770, 773, 775, 776, 785, 792, 801 and colonial rule 736 Islamic law 734, 761, 779, 781, 786 Islamic theology of 738 lesbians 767, 789 LGBT rights 781 liwāṭ 739, 778, 779, 794 classical Arabic 768 hadīth 741 as seen by Muslim jurists 771, 778 Muslim states 781, 790 al-Suyuti on 741 Maghreb 743 male-male sexuality bio-bibliography 787 Middle East 795 orthodox-religious milieu 780 prohibition in UN member states 757 and Prophet Muhammad 797 punishment  Iran 740 Malaysia 740 Pakistan 740 Saudi Arabia 740 Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf al- 744, 766 queer persons  Islamic texts 756 Sharīʿa 751, 755 international human rights law 755 Qurʾān 764, 772, 798 qurʾānic revisionism 796 same-sex  desires 738 unions 759, 763 sexual diversity Muslim world 754

Index of Subjects and People siḥāq (lesbianism) 778, 794 as taboo 259 transgender 767 transidentity 801 transsexual persons 751 vice lists, medieval 784 honour killings Arab world 814, 2304 cultural representation 807 debate 903 Egypt 1646 general 809, 810, 812, 816, 818 and gender 804 historical roots 808 India 1782 Iran 2171 Islam 805, 813 Israel 2280 Jordan 2288, 2292, 2295, legal issues 815 legislation 811 Ottoman Empire 2831 Pakistan 1461, 1782, 3062, 3076, 3104–3106, 3167, 3170, 3185, 3209, 3216, 3243, 3246, 3265 policy recommendations 815 prevention of 803 punishment of 803 Sharīʿa discourse 817 struggle against 806 honour preservation in Sharīʿa 593 humanitarian law and Islamic jurisprudence 872, 1269, 1440 human rights Arab countries 832, 833, 897, 930, 986 Christianity and Islam 875, 881, 1002, 1005 compared to the West 922, 946, 947 contemporary Muslim thought 895, 913, 987, 929 and cultural diversity 989 and cultural relativism 826 debates/discourses on 869, 879, 906, 963, 994, 998 history in Islam 914 a critique 926 and ḥudūd 887

417

Index of Subjects and People





ICCPR 1004 implications for Africa 960 intercultural dialogue 908 international human rights obligations 821, 827, 851, 852, 853, 862–866, 900, 901, 911 international law 847, 873, 957, 959, 961, 966, 974, 1001 Islam 820, 823, 825, 835, 841, 842, 848, 849, 852, 855, 867, 874, 878, 882, 898, 909, 916–918, 921, 923, 924, 928, 931, 935, 936, 937, 942, 943, 945, 950, 952, 953–955, 964, 967, 975–982, 991, 1000, 1003 Islamic countries 829–831, 856, 857, 860, 861, 863, 886 Islamic criminal law 859, 861, 870, 871, 883, 905, 910, 920, 951 Islamic institutions 885 Islamic law 822, 828, 877, 889, 899, 919, 932, 938, 962, 968–970, 996 Islamic reservations to human rights conventions 939, 940, 971, 985, 993 Islamic revivalism 983 Islamism 834, 836–840, 858, 890, 941, 949, 952 judicial process 894 Mahmoud Taha and Abdullahi An-Naʿim, a critique 934 maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah 925 Middle East 915, 948, 949 non-Muslim minorities 915 and Muslim theologies 925 and Muslims in Western Europe 829, 902, 973 and re-Islamisation 984 right to change one’s religion 1004 Saudi Arabia 3314, 3341 and Sharīʿa 933, 990 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 827, 884, 927, 944, 972, 995 Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights 850, 873, 880, 884, 891–893, 904 universality debate 827, 848, 866, 868, 888, 896, 907, 912, 956, 958, 965, 992, 999, 1006 and the West 830, 843–846, 876

and Western domination 822 women’s rights and 988, 997, 1449 ijtihād Islamic criminal law 1007 Ilkhanate apostasy 2518 concepts of justice and injustice 2520 death penalty 2519 revenge and justice in 2055 imprisonment (see prisons) India colonial period apostasy 1804, 1816 Bengal 1801, 1785 case reports 1821 company criminal law 1802 court of Nizamut Adawlut 1786, 1800, 1819, 1821 crime and gender 1799 criminal justice in North India 1818 criminal law 1778, 1808, 1817, 1818 criminal procedure 1798 Indian Evidence Act (1872) 1814 Indian Penal Code (1860) 1787, 1806 Islamic criminal law 2741 Islamic law 1791, 1803, 1809, 1820 legal transition 1794 perjury 1815 rape 1796, 1797 Sudder Fouzdaree Adawlut 1821 transformation of Islamic law 1789, 1792 confession 1149, 1156, 1260, 1807, 1923, 1925, 2803 crimes of honour (see honour killings) 1782 criminal breach of trust 1795 criminal law, background 1781 medieval criminal evidence 1779 passion killing 1779 police and administration of justice 1793 mens rea 1794 Mughal period Akbar as heretic 1777 administration of justice 1812

418 India (cont.) crime and punishment 1780, 1810, 1822 intoxicants 1811 muḥtasib 1783 murder 1813 principles of law 1784 Muhammadan law 1790 rape 1805 Indonesia abortion 1824, 1890 Aceh freedom of religion 1919 Islamic (criminal) law 1826–1828, 1838, 1843, 1856, 1857, 1859, 1878, 1881, 1889, 1893, 1894, 1909, 1913, 1914 legal autonomy 1854 morality policing 2431 Muslim punks 1856 re-Islamisation politics 1873, 1874 Sharīʿa 1836, 1856, 1882, 1886, 1901, 1911 adat criminal law 1868 Ahmadis 1847 apostasy 1825, 1883 impact on marital life 1899 atheism 1866 bestiality 1834 blasphemy 1860, 1898, 1917 in the constitution 1918 and constitutional court 1850 in court 1844 and Danish cartoons 1880 and freedom of religion 1896 and human rights 1876, 1904, 1905 in Java 1871 law of (1965) 1897 legality of 1848 and mental illness 1861 and minorities 1823, 1849 and religious diversity 1865 capital punishment 1830, 1887 conversion 1845 corruption 1837, 1852 criminal law in colonial Java 1907 Criminal Procedure Code 1915 extremism, violent 1884 freedom of religion 1847, 1884, 1891

Index of Subjects and People gratification 1855 heresy 1900 homosexuality 1833, 1834 incest 1834 Islamic criminal law adultery, debate 1877 and anti-corruption 1869 Cikeusik trials 1846 criminalisation of husband wife relationship 1895 and domestic violence 1879 drafting of Islamic Criminal Code 1862 and the judiciary 1839 MMI Sharia Criminal Code 1885 punishment in 1829 and sexual misconduct in Central Java 1864 taʿzīr punishment 1910 Islamic law attitudes 1888 background of enactment 1892 by-laws 1837 and female activists 1863 general 1835, 1841, 1842 implementation 1888 and Muslim punks 1875 and terrorism 1912 Islamisation 1908 Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Council of Indonesian Ulama) 1867, 1900 minorities, religious 1884 pornography 1870, 1884, 1903 restorative justice 1853, 1921 Sharīʿa contestation among Minangkabau 1872 creeping 1908 and national law 1902 state and mobile phones 1858 sex crimes 1840, 1906 sexuality, control of 1832 takfīr 1867 theft 1916 thuggery 1920 vigilantism 1884 West Java, religious discrimination 1851 zinā 1831

Index of Subjects and People intellectual property rights Gulf Cooperation Council 1775 internet 1013 Islamic law 1008, 1009, 1011, 1014, 1016–1024 moral and financial rights 1012, 1015 and software piracy 1010 intent concept of the person 1027 medieval fiqh 1025, 1026 International Court of Justice and Islamic law states 1045 International Criminal Court and Islamic criminal procedure 1032 and Islamic law 1028–1030, 1036, 1041, 1043, 1044 international criminal law  Islam 1033–1035 Islamic law 1031 international Islamic criminal law 1033, 1039, 1040, 1042 intoxicants 236, 238, 250 Mughal India 1811 early juristic debates 246 and self-defence 601 Sufism, in 243 Iran abetment 2173 abject bodies 1949 abortion 2054 accused, rights 2208 apostasy 1963, 2104, 2145, 2179 and fatwas 2145 arbitration 2063 Bahāʾī and death penalty 1938 bar association 2080 blasphemy 2104, 2108 cannabis 2035 child abuse 1950, 1951, 2008 compensation 2141 Computer Crimes Law (2012) 2061 constitution and conflict prevention 2156 and Khomeini’s directive (1988)  2165 corrections system 2111 corruption 2057, 2058 judicial 2074

419 courts role of 2161 special court of the clergy crime  classification 2041 and security 2010 statistics 2002 criminalisation 2090 criminal justice and community involvement 2012 and Khomeini 2059, 2131 and restorative traditions 2155 criminal policy 2114, 2117 decriminalisation in 2049 and political change 1926 after revolution 2033 and schools of Islamic law 74 on violent crimes 2075, 2076 Criminal Procedure Code 1995, 2007, 2016, 2045, 2160, 2217, 2242 and citizenship rights 1995 and international criminal court 2071 punishment, intensification of 2119 same-sex crimes 2153 criminal responsibility, liability 2100, 2134 and compensation 2135 and crime/punishment proportionality 2203 and neuroscience 1945 criminology 2115, 2116 darughayi bazar 2025 death penalty 2105, 2150, 2205 abolition 2091 abolitionist movement 2198 and Bahāʾī 1938 and ethnic minorities 1943 for homosexuality 1948 and international legal standards 2193 and the media 2101 for minors 527, 1944, 2029, 2182 public executions 2011, 2073, 2105, 2190 public opinion 1971 role of lawyers 2105, 2154 as state terror 1996 and women 000

420 Iran (cont.) defence, legitimate 2038 drugs 1982, 2036 duress 2004 extradition 1969 fair trial 1978 family, criminal protection 2197 freedom of expression 2009, 2108, 2204 gender identity 1983 homicide 2037 Bibi Asilu case 2092 and conflict resolution 2129, 2196 proof of murder 1923 Qajar Iran 2019 qiṣāṣ and forgiveness 2032 Yazd 2097 homosexuality death penalty 1948 history 2044 Islamic jurisprudence 2062 LGB in law 1935 lūṭīs in Qajar Persia 2024, 2236 punishment 740, 1941 reconstruction 2026 honour killings 2072, 2141, 2171 ḥudūd avoidance 2028 law of 2077 human rights 1984, 1985, 1991, 2000, 2005, 2056, 2093, 2094, 2149 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) 1982 discourse of reformers 2005, 2184 and freedom of expression 2009 and ḥirāba (moharebeh) 2078 after the revolution 2085 and Sharīʿa 2143, 2204 violations under Sharīʿa 2042 and women 2065, 2056 independent activism 2240 international crimes 1981 International Criminal Court (ICC) 1927, 2146 Iran people’s tribunal 1936 Islamic law 1977 in post-revolutionary Iran 2027 under Safavids and Qajars 2186 transformation of 1975, 1976

Index of Subjects and People judges and judicial process 2211 judicial organisation, law on 1928 judicial system  Qajar Iran 2021 after revolution 2128, 2147 jurisdiction  religious and state 2188 Muḥammad Bāqir Šaftī 2189 jurists, legal authority 2070 justice system 2066 informal 2089 juvenile justice 1922, 1942, 1979, 2121, 2243 child execution 525 Convention on the Rights of the Child  524 corporal punishment 1980 criminal responsibility 1964, 2106, 2107, 2015, 2086 death penalty 1944, 2029, 2182 legal status of children 1986 retribution (qiṣāṣ) for children 1952 rights of the child in Muslim states 523 law  enforcement 2244 fundamentalist impact on 2095 internationalisation and regionalisation 2152 in an Islamic state 2096 and political control 2209 and religion 2214 legality principle 2047, 2048, 2215, 2219, 2224, 2227 legal system 1593, 2066 2220, 2232 LGBT 1999, 2067 liability, in medical cases 192 mens rea 1933 money laundering 2164, 2199 muḥtasib 2020, 2022, 2025 narcotics 1946, 2113 offender 1947 opium use 2017 trafficking 2233 Penal Code of (1982) 2126 of (2012) 2130

421

Index of Subjects and People of (2013) 2212, 2216, 2218 assessment 1990 honour 2187 punishment  development 2157 Islamic 2226 sentencing postponed 2084 theoretical foundations 2050 translation of 1993, 2060, 2124 women, protection of basic rights 2158 penal law, criminal law 2176, 2210, 2223, 2228, 2229 area of application 2051 constitution 2136 crime danger management 2169 foundations 2213 history 1993, 2111 inflation 2030 influence of religion 1937 international instruments 2112 internationalisation 1997, 1998 Islamisation 2132, 2133, 2167 judges 2175 judgments 2239 in legal system 2194 Muharram 2200 muqaddasāt 2207 „ne bis in idem“ rule 2162 offense 2221, 2222, 2225 and political opposition 2168 proof 1930, 2018 provocation 1970 public decency crimes 2170 re-Islamisation 2052, 2231 after revolution 2006, 2183 rule of action 2241 on sacrilege 2185 suspension of sentences 2014 translation 2201, 2230 and universal jurisdiction 000  and Western law 2174 perjury 1934 police in Qajar Persia 2023 pornography 1989 prisoners, citizenship rights 2245 probation 1929 provocation 2195



punishment 1940, 1965, 2087, 2111, 2246 aims 2064 alternative sanctions 2088 attitudes as to 2034 compared to French law 2079 discretionary 2120 and gender 2141 proportionality 2046 public 2202 under Qajars 2122 Qiṣāṣ Act (1982) 2127 Ḥudūd and 2125 rape 1255, 1932 recent legal developments 1954–1962 rehabilitation of delinquents 2001, 2103 restorative traditions 2155, 2040, 2155 retribution (qiṣāṣ) 1973 for children 1952 law 2077 revolutionary courts 2144 right to counsel in criminal justice system  2163 right to privacy in criminal justice system  2159 rule of law 1992 Rushdie, Salman 276, 313, 1968, 2108 settlement in homicide cases 2129, 2196 peaceful (of disputes) 2063 women’s peace initiatives 2140 sexuality lesbian acts 1987 regulation 2118, 2123 sexual minorities 2237 sexual orientation 1983 sexual violence 2151 Sharīʿa courts 2043 hermeneutics 2005 and national law 2098 smuggling 1931 special court for the clergy 1988 stoning 1966, 1972, 2053, 2082, 2180, 2181 suicide 2148 takfīr in Safavid Iran 2172 tax evasion 1994 testimony 2206 theft 2003

422 Iran (cont.) torture 2166 comparative perspective 2102 and public recantation 1925 and punishment 13th-18th century  2191, 2192 sexual  2178 transsexuality 2234 urban violence in Qajar Iran 2236 victim  rights 2110, 2137, 2138 in Iranian and international law 1967 violence, state’s monopoly 2142 wells, illegal digging 2109 women and criminal law 2083, 2139 gender policing 1974 and imprisonment 2177 and jurisprudence 2235 legal status 2065 rights 2068 and suicide 2056 violation of their dignity 74 women’s rights in Sharīʿa law 2031 zinā 2099 Iraq apostates, treatment 2248 criminal investigations 2249 criminal justice system 2253 homicide and bodily harm 2247 human rights and Islamic law in the constitution 2252 penal laws (1994) 2251 sexual crimes 2250 irtidād (see apostasy) Islamic State (IS, ISIS, Daesh) administration of justice 2267 apostasy 2264 armed conflicts under Islamic law 2259 brutality under Islamic law 2260 bureau of justice and grievances 2263 challenges to international criminal law 2255 challenges to Sharīʿa 2255 Dabiq magazine, law and order 2258 ideology 2256 incineration of persons 2262

Index of Subjects and People

and Islamic law 2270 legal system 2265, 2268 police  2261 sexual violence 2254 social contract 2269 using rape as weapon of genocide 2257 violence in Raqqa 2266 Israel Bedouin law 2272, 2275, 2277, 2281, 2282 blood vengeance 1461, 2273, 2274, 2276, 2279, 2282, 2284 family honour 2278 honour killings 2271, 2280 mediation 2275 religious freedom 3328 settlement 1461, 2281, 2283, 2285 ṣulḥa 2281, 2283, 2285 jihād global 341 human rights jihad 941 Ibn Taymiyya on 1274 and incineration of persons 2262 jihadist ideology 451 and rebellion 1274 terrorist jihad 3346 Jordan apostasy 2303 Bedouin justice 2287, 2300 criminal law and gender 2305 customary law 2293 homicide in early Islamic Jordan 2301 honour killings 2288, 2289, 2295, 2296, 2302, 2304 and civil society 2298 as intrafamily femicide 2292 and Jordanian Penal Code 2286, 2290 murder 2291 public discourse 2297 under Jordanian and Islamic law 2299 penal justice, traditional system 2294 judicial organisation in Islamic history 697 juvenile justice Afghanistan 1525 Bangladesh 1580 Convention on the Rights of the Child 524

Index of Subjects and People

death penalty 525, 527, 571 Iran 1922, 1979, 2015, 2243 Muslim-majority states 526 Nigeria 2599 Pakistan 3004 rights of the child 523 Saudi Arabia 3288, 3312 Yemen 3627

Kenya Criminal Procedure Ordinance 2306 Muslim courts, historical development 2306 kufr 270, 443, 1356 Kuwait apostasy law 2308, 2309, 2312 case of Husayn Qambar ʿAlî 2312 and constitutionalism 2310 human trafficking 2311 punishment in Islamic and Kuwaiti law 2307 revitalisation of Islamic penal law 2313, 2314 larceny (see theft) laqīṭ (see foundling) law of the sea 1113, 1115 legality Indonesia 1848, 1868 Iran 2048, 2215, 2219, 2224, 2226 Islamic criminal law 1046, 1049–1052 Maldives 2458 Nigeria 2565 Ottoman Empire 2880 Pakistan 3091 and the right to personal safety (haqq alamn) 1047, 1048 Sudan 3585 suicide bombing 1363 legal maxims and doubt 658, 1062, 1065, 1066 Islamic criminal law 1053–1057 Nigeria 2803, 2804 legal transfer 1058 legal uncertainties (see doubt) liability in air carrier conventions 512 collective 517

423 criminal 553, 557–559 Iran 2100, 2203 Malaysia 2409 Ottoman law 2886 Saudi Arabia 3291, 3296 United Arab Emirates 3595 of vehicle drivers 1419 liʿān 1068 and DNA fingerprinting 1069, 1070 Libya blood money Adjābiya court 2330 Kufra court 2329, 2330 rules 2331 court system 2326 homicide in Tripoli (1843) 2340 human rights  of the accused 2320 and fundamental freedoms 2323 intellectual property rights 2328 Islam policy 2321 Islamic criminal law reintroduction of 2322, 2324, 2332, 2335, 2339, 2341, 2342 Islamic law in 2333, 2336–2338 law and legislation 2327 law enforcement compared to Iran 2244 legal policy 2334 protection of life before birth 2315 recent legal developments 2316–2319 Sharīʿa, application of 2325 liwāṭ (see homosexuality) Maghreb (see also North Africa) conversion of women 2807 penal law and social change 2808 religious freedom 2805 transitional justice and gender narratives 2806 Malaysia abortion 2429 accused, rights of 2354, 2376, 2377, adultery 2400 apostasy 2351–2353, 2416, 2420, 2434, 2435 and civil society 2412 in Selangor 2424 blasphemy and human rights 2413

424 Malaysia (cont.) blood money for homicide 2356 for wounding 2356 constitution 2374 conversion 2411 criminal justice 2369 criminal procedure in Sharīʿa courts 2442 Criminal Procedure Code 2401 criminal responsibility 2368 death penalty 2360 for drug traffickers 2386 discretionary punishment 2389 domestic violence 2388 evidence 2378 freedom of religion 2343, 2351–2353, 2357, 2395, 2416, 2420, 2440 ḥisba 2359 homosexuality 2453 liwāṭ 2393 punishment 740 ḥudūd 2364, 2370, 2385, 2394, 2994 Bill of Kelantan 2405, 2407 and constitution 2370 debate 2344, 2372, 2437, 2438 human rights and Islamic law 2446 human trafficking 2347 intellectual property rights 2362 Islamic criminal law application 2346, 2363, 2399, 2419 circumstantial evidence 2432 codification 2428 contribution to planning of safe city 2436 and deterrence 2410 enforcement 2441 in ḥisba framework 2359 investigation procedures 2445 Islamic punishments, suitability of 2391 Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code 1993 2349, 2381, 2451 and major trends of Islam 2448 and Malay rulers 2433 and Malaysian criminal law 2402 in Malaysian federal structure 2361, 2392, 2443 Selangor Syariah enactments 1991

Index of Subjects and People sexual offences 2382 Sharīʿa offences 2380 Syariah Criminal Offences Act (1997) 2414 Islamic law 2375, 2406 development 2379, 2408 and human rights 2350, 2403 implementation 2345 and national law 2373 on sentencing 2417 Islamic legal system 2447 Keris 2374 Ketuanan Melayu 2367 khalwat as moral crime 2425 as Sharīʿa criminal offence 2396 kidnapping and hostage taking 2390 law Islamisation 2358 politics and Islam, debate 2449 legal system 2444 liability 2409 maids, crimes against 2421 punishment fines 2387 and gender 2450 and legal safeguards 2415 principles and philosophy 2404 rape compensation for survivors 2398 legal reform 2384 restorative justice 2423, 2452 settlement (ṣulḥ) 2427 Sharīʿa application 2397 and colonialism 2355 courts 2422, 2426, 2442 and cultural politics 2430, 2431 enforcement 2371 and fundamental liberties 2380 judiciary 2430, 2431 projects 2367 secularisation 2418 Sharia Lawyers Association 2454 status 2365, 2366 transformation 2430, 2431 sexuality, regulation of 2383 sexual offences 2382 taʿzīr 2348

Index of Subjects and People Maldives foreign fighters 2455 imprisonment 2456 legal system 2462 Penal Code project  codification 2458 criticism 2457 draft code 2460 paradoxes of codification 2461 response to criticism 2459 Mali Islamic republic, possibility 2464 Sharīʿa, recent experience 2463 Maliki criminal law (see also Spain (Al-Andalus)) adjudication 1085 alcoholic beverages 1074, 1075 apostasy 1080 arbitration (taḥkīm) 3436 blasphemy 1080, 1083 blood money 1073 Cordoba (Al-Andalus) 3422, 3423 general 1077, 1088, 1093, 1104 ḥisba 1078 homicide 1071 Ibn Abī Zamanīn 1072 Ibn Habib, Wadiha 3386 insults, punishment 1076 judges 1090 Khalīl ibn Iṣhāq 1087, 1088, 1094, 1098 miscarriage, induced 1084 oath 1089, 1091 in Maliki and Moroccan law 2531 procedural law 1090, 1093, 1095–1097 proof 1090 qadhf 402 rape 1099–1101, 1103 rebellion 1080 retribution 1072, 1081 settlement (ṣulḥ) 3436 sexual violence 1079 slander of the Prophet (sabb al-nabī)  402 stoning 1102 usurpation (ghaṣb) 1082 wine trade 1086 witness 1089 zinā 1092

425 Mamluks alcohol consumption 2481 apostasy in Mamluk period 2474 assassins 2482 blasphemy 2500 crime and elite 2488 prosecution 2495 and punishment 2472 and social order 2478, 2494 criminal affronts 2490 criminal investigation in Cairo 2492 criminal underworld in Cairo and Damascus 2489 fornication 2481 fraud, Ibn Taghrībirdi on 2491 ḥisba 2465, 2466, 2475 homicide 2470, 2473, 2482, 2483 in Damascus 2468 homosexuality 2485 imprisonment, Al-Maqrizi on 2493 Islamic law 2499 justice under last Circassian sultans 2480 legal studies 2484 maẓālim 2471, 2486, 2487, 2497 qāḍī al-quḍāt in Cairo 2469 qasāma 2498 prisons 2480 prostitution 2481 punishment 2476 religious policy 2467 siyāsa and Sharīʿa 2496 takfīr in Egypt and Syria 2477 thieves 2482 masturbation 739 Mauritania blood money in traffic accidents 2502 Code of Criminal Procedure 2513 constitution and human rights 2514 human rights 2505, 2514 Islam 2504, 2509 Islamic law, role of modern judge 2511 Islamic punishments  application 2510 in law 2506 juvenile justice 2508, 2516 legal system 2515

426 Mauritania (cont.) duality 2503 after independence 2501 Penal Code 2512 religious freedom 2517 wine, prohibition and consumption  2507 maẓālim Abbassids 1490 Al-Andalus 3420 early Islam 1613 historiography 1106 institution 697 judicial independence 1105 Mamluks 2471, 2486, 2487, 2497 Mawardi 1329 mens rea India 1794 international criminal law 1109 Iran 1933 Islamic jurisprudence and statute law 1107, 1108 Qatar 3278 money laundering (see financial crimes) Mongols (see Ilkhanate) Morocco amputations 2529 apostasy 2525 blood money in Berber customary law 2522, 2528 blood vengeance 2522, 2530 crime and punishment, 16th century 2533, 2534 freedom of religion 2525 gender violence, reforms against 3311 ḥisba 2536 homicide 2527, 3536 oath in Maliki and Moroccan law 2531 penal law  customary law of the Swasa 2526 formation 2524 High Atlas 2523 and Islam 2521 Sherifian 2532 system 2537 necessity (ḍarūra) Islamic law 1110, 1112

Index of Subjects and People Islamic legal history 1111 criminal jurisprudence 1110 medical jurisprudence 1110 organ transplantation 483 Niger effects of Nigerian Sharīʿa 2538 Nigeria abortion 2718 the accused, rights of 2547, 2786 adultery (see also zinā) 2653 punishment 2571, 2642 alcohol 2666 Amina Lawal 2574, 2574, 2629 blasphemy 2783 bodily hurt 2965 Boko Haram and Islamic law 2566 commanding good and prohibiting evil 2747 compensation to victims 2716 court system 2736 criminal justice, Muhammad Bello on 2576 criminal law 2552, 2554, 2559, 2630, 2646, 2737, 2704, 2797 attempted crime 2711 Criminal Procedure Codes 2730, 2731 issues in criminal procedure 2587, 2797 criminal-victim relationship 2716 death penalty 2569, 2570, 3340 freedom of religion 2722 fundamentalist groups 2761 Hausa Islamic law 2754 ḥisba 2545, 2588 in Kano 2588, 2715 homicide 2669, 2965, 2767 ḥudūd 2567, 2568, 2572 Ibrahim Salih on 2791 human rights 2632 and Islam 2649 and Islamic criminal law 2557, 2590, 2743 and Islamic law 2722, 2750 and religion 2695, 2706 and sexual orientation 2553 and Sharīʿa 2610, 2710 Islamic law 2544 application 2769, 2777, 2802, 2665

427

Index of Subjects and People

and colonialism 2795 compared to India 2582 and democratisation 2615, 2616 history of application 2768, 2702 and international protection of women’s rights 2687 judicial practice 2592 and legal hybridity 2664 Northern Nigeria 2660 post-colonial 2709 practice and procedure in courts 2543 Southern Nigeria 2546 Zamfara State 2770 Islamic criminal law (see also Sharīʿa) adultery 2653 application 2778 colonial Nigeria 2741 and constitution 2620, 2626, 2690, 2691, 2712, 2719, 2720, 2721, 2752, 2779, 2782 cyber fraud 2775 and democracy 2723 enforcement by police 2694 and gender 2625 general 2600, 2745, 2789 homicide 2559 ḥudūd 2778 and human rights 2743 implementation 2568, 2550, 2584, 2598, 2602, 2717, 2724 courts 2564, 2597 judicial practice 2661, 2792, 2794 Kaduna State 2556 legal maxims 2803, 2804 Niger State 2735 punishments 2707 rape 2653 reflections 2628 reform 2638 reintroduction 2612, 2744, 2746, 2748 review 2749 Sharia Penal Code of Centre for Islamic Legal Studies 2589 and women’s rights 2785 Zamfara State 2735 Izala movement 2577, 2578



Jos, conflict in 2641, 2727 judiciary 2558 juvenile justice 2599 Kaduna Sharīʿa crisis 2560, 2619, 2677 legal pluralism 2755 legal system 2681 Miss World crisis (2002) 2790 Penal Code(s) 2607, 2611, 2705 2714 and homicide 2767 Kaduna State 2765 Kano State 2644, 2645, 2753 Katsina State 2647 Niger State 2688 Zamfara State 2670, 2753 rape 2653 settlement (ṣulḥ) 2618, 2774 Sharīʿa administration of justice 2541, 2776 cases, Court of Appeal 2689 challenges of 21st century 2678 and Christian-Muslim relations 2595, 2596, 2668 and Christians 2609, 2651, 2676, 2686, 2702, 2732, 2766 comparative perspectives 2733 compared to Sudan 2739 and constitution 2639, 2782 controversy 2650, 2631 and corruption 2636 court(s) 2627, 2697–2699, 2725, 2736 and crime in post-colonial Nigeria 2563 debates 2585, 2614, 2656, 2657, 2682, 2700, 2703, 2732, 2762 and democracy 2593, 2605, 2621, 2648 domestication 2548 and elections (2003) 2655 and enforcement 2694, 2708, 2715, 2781 and ethno-religious conflict 2643, 2561 extremist 2780 and federalism 2579, 2581, 2601, 2773 in a fragmented country 2674 and freedom of religion 2675, 2693

428 Nigeria (cont.) general 2539, 2540 history 2551, 2652, 2671, 2683, 2702, 2740 imbroglio 2796 impact of British conquest 2684 implementation 2565, 2606, 2658, 2659, 2662, 2680, 2685, 2724, 2728, 2734, 2764, 2776, 2787, 2800 Kaduna and Kebbi States 2713 and legal pluralism 2679 in legal system 2692 and national law 2726 Northern Nigeria 2663 panel in Osun State 2672 politics 2591, 2650, 2740, 2760, 2788 popular perceptions 2654 precedents 2573 recent experience 2463 and religious minorities 2549, 2580 restorationist movement 2667 resurgence 2701 and right to rehabilitation 2640 and secularity 2555, 2772 and social vices 2729 struggle for 2673 and territorial conflict 261 and youth 2756, 2758 Zamfara model 2756 stoning 2570, 2583, 2594, 2602, 2604 case of Safiya Hussaini 2542, 2623, 2624, 2633, 2637, 2642, 2696, 2742, 2798, 2799, 2803 and human rights 2771 violence, religious 2757 women and domestic violence 2784 criticising Sharīʿa 2603 flogging 2622 human rights 2586 sexual offences 2634 and Sharīʿa implementation 2562, 2608, 2685 zinā (laws) (see also adultery) 2567, 2635, 2738 case of Amina Lawal 2574, 2575, 2602, 2629, 2759, 2763, 2798, 2799, 2803

Index of Subjects and People case of Bariya Ibrahim Magazu 2522, 2751 conviction rate of women 2752 and local custom 2793 revival 2613 North Africa (see also Maghreb) conversion of women 2807 penal law and social change 2808 religious freedom 2805 transitional justice and gender narratives 2806 violence, crime and punishment 3446 Ottoman Empire abortion 2845, 2850, 2853 Ottoman, Turkish and French approaches 2904 adultery 2837, 2899, 2958 alcohol consumption in Istanbul 2865 apostasy  Anglo-Ottoman relations 2945 and conversion 2815, 2832, 2846– 2848, 2864 and Ottoman identity 2949 Rumeli 2871 apostates 2905 bandits 2826, 2905, 2933, 2948 beheadings 2834 bribery 2852, 2889 brigandage 2813 Bursa, court records 2851, 2852 cannibalism 2836 çarşaf, prohibition 2892 Christians in 2854 Code of Criminal Procedure (1879)  2917 corruption fines 2842 gifting in the elite 2923 qāḍīs under Bayezid II 2888 correction of belief(s) 2814 counterfeiting 2862 court(s) Küstendil 2924 Syria 2855 system 2918 crime and bureaucracy 2903

429

Index of Subjects and People



Istanbul 2883, 2961 and market 2924 and political conflict 2860 against the state 2903 under Süleyman the Magnificent  2959 criminal law comparative 2936 (old) Ottoman 2870, 2875–2877, 2935 transformation 2816 cruelty in law 2908 customary law, the Albanian Kanun  2926 death penalty 2818, 2928 dhimmīs Kayseri 2895 Sharīʿa courts 2835 as witnesses 2872 drugs and intoxicants 2820 Ebuʾs-Suʾud 2881, 2884, 2939 embezzlement 2889 evidence in Ottoman courts 2858 gender  and Islamic law in Ottoman Syria and Palestine 2952 violence 2942 heresy Aleppo 2940 policy 2814 homicide Aleppo 2863 Bakhchisaray court 2838 Bosnia 2879, 2880 British victims 2898 by females 2819 Islamic jurisprudence and Ottoman law 2950 and liability 2886 Marmara 2878 political 2907 Rumeli 2844 homosexuality Albania 2910 among slaves 2909 honour killing in Aintab 2831 infanticide 2824 insurgents, punishment of 2900



Janissaries, crimes among 2843 Jews, ritual murder accusations against 2840 judicial powers of the qāḍī 2893 judicial records, from Palestine 2944 justice system in the eyes of British travellers 2932 larceny 2849 laws 2811 collection 2960 legal history, Turkish-Islamic 2839 legal practice in Istanbul 2882 legal process structure 2866 violence 2867 legislative process in the Tanzimat period 2951 liability in homicide 2885, 2886 narcotics 2930 oath 2925 Ottoman law, reception in the Arab world 2935 outlaws and violence 2833 Penal Code (1858) 2812, 2873, 2912, 2955 translation 2830 penal institutions 2938 penal law 2829 adoption of Italian criminal code 2903, 2906 modernisation 2901 Tanzimat period 2869 transformation in 19th century 2913 Turkey (1918) 2891 piracy  2933, 2956 policing the countryside 2915 under Selim III 2827 prisons 2937 Ottoman Tunis 2874 procedural law 2939 prostitution  and Islamic law 2823 Istanbul 2929 medieval Islam 739 and police 2958 public law 2810

430 Ottoman Empire (cont.) public morality in Damascus 2922 public order 2813 punishment 2935 transformation 2934 Crete 2901 qāḍīs and court procedure 2894 Damascus 2957 judicial powers of 2893 and Sharīʿa courts 2866 rebels in Anatolia 2861 reproduction   politics 2825 Salonica (Selânik), criminal justice 2868 settlement (ṣulḥ)  Ottoman law 2911 Sharīʿa courts 2841 Üsküdar and Adana courts 2947 sexual crimes  Aleppo 2940, 2941 Anatolia 2954 court 2920 legal-sexual discourses 2962 punishment 2851 sexual politics under Mehmet IV 2822 sexual violence 2953 Sharīʿa and qānūn 2927 and state 2821 Shiʿites, persecution of 2885 slaves, female 2916 spreader of corruption 2817 stoning 2899 tax collection 2889 torture  abolition 2828 ban 2896 trafficking of women 2809 trial in Tunis 2921 underworld in Istanbul 2931 women in court 2857, 2919 in Crete 2897 and crime 2859 and illegal occupations 2943 zinā 2885, 2887

Index of Subjects and People Pakistan adultery (see also zinā) 3055 apostasy 3030, 3044, 3225 blasphemy (laws) 2963, 2968, 2922, 2996, 3030, 3033, 3058, 3049, 3071, 3072, 3191, 3198, 3225, 3226, 3230 accusations in Punjab 2984 Asia Bibi case 3021, 3212, 3238 background history 3139 Christian response 3199 colonial and Islamic influences 3058, 3158 and constitution 3088 in court 2974 critique 3188 dissenting voice 3232 and forensic psychiatrists 2973 and fundamentalism 3228 Gojra murders 3256 and human rights 3051, 3169 implementation 3165 and Indian Penal Code 2975 and media 2974, 3013, 3204 and mental illness 3053 and minorities 3075, 3094, 3204 and non-Muslims 3197 popular justice 2983 punishment for 3034 Rahmat Masih case 3024 vigilante justice 3211 blood money (diya) 3020, 3043, 3214 and honour killings 3102, 3103, 3172 Ordinance on Qiṣāṣ and Diyah 3168, 3227, 3231 bodily hurt 2965 Christians in 3032 corruption 3175 crime and criminal justice 3029 and criminology 2987, 3095 criminal courts and superdari 3202 criminal investigation 3206 criminal justice 2985 hegemonic role 3146 and punishment 2989 in tribal areas 3237 criminal law, major acts 3027

Index of Subjects and People criminal procedure 3213 Criminal Procedure Code (1898) 3130 criminal responsibility 3201 criminology, Islamic perspectives 2987 customary law 3011 death penalty 2977, 3233 abolition 3163, 3164 for minors 527 unlawful use 3148 enforcement 2988 evidence, forensic 2976 Evidence Act (1872) 3130 Federal Shariat Court 3152 freedom of religion 2996, 3138 gender violence, reforms against 3311 High Court 3054 ḥisba bill 3091 homicide 2965, 3079 and Sharīʿa 3249, 3258 homosexuality, punishment 740 honour killings 2978, 2302, 3016, 3042, 3104–3106, 3167, 3185, 3209, 3229, 3243, 3246, 3265 and Constitutional Court 3016 and human rights 3076 as legacy of common law 1782 legislation 3057 rescue narratives 3261 and role of qiṣāṣ and diya 3102, 3103, 3172 and rule of law 3062 Sindh 3216 ḥudūd Hudood Ordinances 3015, 3026, 3067, 3068, 3108, 3126, 3129, 3136, 3145, 3195, 3203, 3240 codification 3149 implementation 3086, 3119, 3121 laws 2994, 3018, 3052, 3077, 3093, 3122 manual 2993, 2998 pregnancy as proof of guilt 3017 and rape 3161, 3244 women, impact on 3263 human rights Islamic human rights 3234, 3235 and Islamic law reform 3183 and Islamic punishments 3193

431 and parallel judicial systems 2981 and religious persecution 3023 and women 3150 informal settlement 3215 Islam and the state 2966 Islamic criminal law(s) administration 3160 application 2997, 3247, 3248 Azad Kashimir Penal Code 3097 code of Islamic laws 3132 colonial heritage 3155 Criminal Law (Special Provisions)  Ordinance (1968) 3130 Ehteram-e-Ramazan Ordinance (1981) 3125 Execution of Punishment of Whipping Ordinance (1979) 3125 hudood laws 3242, 3245 Ibn Qudāmah 3147 Indian Penal Code, and enforcement of Islamic criminal law 3127 in Indo-Pakistan 3056 major acts, amended 3133 North-West Frontier Province Prohibition of Dancing Act (1974) 3125 Offence of Qazf (Enforcement of Hadood) Ordinance (1979) 3125 Offences Against Property (Enforcement of Hadood)  Ordinance (1979)  3125 Pakistan Ordinance on Qisas and Diya (1990) 3002 Pakistan Penal Codes (1860, 1979)  3048, 3123, 3130, 3096, 3108, 3128, 3184, 3257 personal injuries, law of 3147 Prohibition (Enforcement of Hadood) Order (1979) 3125 Qanun-e-Shahadat order (1984)  3007, 3120, 3130 and Western law compared 3162 Islamic law(s) application 3251 of armed conflict 3220 and constitution 3138 judicial review 3035 judiciary system 3078

432 Pakistan (cont.) modernisation 3135 offences relating to religion 3159 politics 3060, 3061 precedent 3152 laws 3069, 3070 legal system 3329 Islamisation 3040 Council of Islamic Ideology 3134 criminal law 3118, 3196 Hudood Ordinances 3050, 3085 and judicial activism 3036 of law(s) 3014, 3019, 3050, 3081, 3114, 3143, 3154, 3166, 3173, 3182, 3186, 3218 and legal reform 3084, 3210 and women 3207, 3252–3254 Zia era 2999, 3005, 3050, 3080 judges between Sharīʿa and common law 3038 judiciary, reform of 3187 justice system, formal and informal  2972 juvenile justice 3000, 3004 law(s) fundamentalist impact 2095 Islamisation 2980, 2982, 3065, 3087, 3092 reform of Islamic law 3025, 3183 Shiʿi, as alternative law 3001 tribal 3031 lawlessness 3157 legal  development 3109, 3111–3113, 3115–3117 reform 3082 system 3110, 3174 minorities in constitution 2964, 3192 religious 3064, 3181 minors and zinā 3255 Muslims and crime 3178, 3179 Penal Code 3047 police, policing 2988, 3012 prostitution 3236 punishment(s), qurʾānic 3217 qadhf, use of Qurʾān in court decisions 3074 rape (law) 3003, 3009, 3022, 3045, 3046, 3059, 3142, 3144, 3176, 3200, 3209, 3262

Index of Subjects and People compared to Canada, Finland 3008 criminalisation 3101 in the Hudood Ordinance 3161 Karachi 3089 legal analysis 3266 marital 3090 Zina Ordinance 3177, 3260 religions, protection of 3156 retribution (qiṣāṣ) 3020, 3043, 3214 and honour killings 3102, 3103, 3172 Ordinance on Qiṣāṣ and Diyah 3168, 3227, 3231 sexual crimes 3037, 3262 sexual rights 3189 sexual violence 3107 Sharīʿa 2995 and anti-terrorism legislation 3151 implementation 3180, 3223 and international human rights 3190 social construction 3137 and state 3259 siyāsa 2968, 2969 suicide bombing 3028 takfīr and Ahmadiyya 3131 torture 3194, 3250 women 3073 anti-women laws 3205 crimes against 3066, 3215 in criminal justice system 2970, 2971 and ḥudūd 2979 human rights 3171 and international human rights law 3221 legal status 3264 moral regulation 3098 police abuse 3239 Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act (2006) 2990, 2991, 3015, 3119, 3140, 3141, 3219, 3224 Protection of Women’s Rights Bill 3241 and radical Islam 3039 status and legal reform 3083 violence against 3006, 3170, 3222 as witness 2967 Yousafzai, Malala 3021 zinā debate 3099, 3100

Index of Subjects and People pregnancy as proof 3017 use of Qurʾān in court 3074 and rape 3260, 3266, 3177 reform 3055 suspicion 3208 zinā bil-jabr 3153 Zina Ordinance 1461, 3010, 3041, 3063, 3122, 3124, 3125, 3255 Palestine, Palestinian Territories blood money 000 blood vengeance 3268, 3272 customary law 3270 and conflict resolution 3273 Jerusalem area 3275 Palestinian Authority 3267 gender and Islamic law in Ottoman Palestine 2952 legal regimes, competing 3274 legal system in Gaza 3271 piracy in Islamic law 1113–1115 police  Al-Andalus 3417 Algeria 1572 Arab 1116 early Islam 1610, 1623 history in Islam 697 Islamic State (ISIS) 2261 Islamic world 1117 Nigeria 2694 Ottoman 2898, 2956, 2958 Pakistan 2988, 3239 Persian 1116 Saudi Arabia 3292 Sudan 3469 Tunisia 3591 Turkish 1116 policewomen 1118 Umayyads 1610 United Arab Emirates 3611 policing  Afghanistan 1558 Algeria 1565 Egypt 1666, 1754 Indonesia 1836, 1876, 1911 Iran 1974 Islamic State (ISIS) 2261 Islamic world 1117 Malaysia 2413

433 Ottoman Empire 2827, 2915 Pakistan 3012, 3169 Saudi Arabia 3284 Sudan 3470 United Arab Emirates 3611, 3612 political crime in Islamic jurisprudence  693, 1119 prevention conflict 2156 crime 78, 555, 1180, 3306, 3320, 3332, 3333, 3336 Islamic doctrine 1126 and Islamic education 1120, 1121, 1127 of money laundering 2199 and qurʾānic teaching 1128 and religiosity 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124 and Sharīʿa 1125 prisoners Abbassids 1502 Afghanistan 1529, 1532 Iran 2245 rights 1129 of war 1434, 1439, 1440, 1443, 1447 prisons Abbassids 1506 early Islam 1130, 1603, 1754 concept of freedom 1133 Egypt 1674, 1720–1722, 1754 imprisonment, compensation for 1132, 1134 Iran 1925, 2142, 2177, 2178, 2190, 2245 Maldives 2456 Mamluks 2480, 2493 in the medieval Muslim West 1131 Ottoman 2937 Saudi Arabia 3290, 3335, 3348 Tunisia 2874 procedure the accused, rights of 1143, 1144, 1150, 1163, 1164, 1188 Afghanistan 1516, 1533 Algeria 1570 Al-Andalus 3433 anti-money laundering 624 confession 1149, 1156 in courts 1166, 1197 criminal procedure basic guarantees 1175

434 procedure (cont.) compared 1179 principles 1176 relevance for the West 1174 seen by modern scholars 1181 testimony 1152 under Sharīʿa 1176, 1190, 1195 detention, compared (see also prisons, prisoners) 1179 due process 1191 early Islam 1630 Egypt 1713 evidence 4, 1138, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1149, 1156, 1173 circumstantial 1169, 1186 confession 1149 forensic 1165, 1171 general 1194 and Islamic law 1182 personal 1161 qarīna 1169, 1186, 2432 fair trial 1148 forensic psychology 1167 gender 1162 general 4, 34, 1135, 1137, 1168, 1190, 1195 habeas corpus 1153 India 1798 Indonesia 1915 Iran 1995, 2007, 2016, 2045, 2070, 2119, 2153, 2160, 2242 Iraq 2249 Islamic law 4, 34, 102, 103, 1032, 1047, 1137, 1168 jurisdiction 1166 Kenya 2306 legal maxims 1057 legal personality 1198 Malaysia 2401, 2442, 2445 Maliki law 1090, 1095–1097 Mauritania 2513 Nigeria 2543, 2587, 2730, 2766, 2797 notary’s office 1196 oath 1136, 1154, 1160, 1184 in homicide cases 1155 Ottoman Empire 2894 Pakistan 3119, 3130, 3213 perjury 1154

Index of Subjects and People

procedural justice and human rights  1185 qasāma 1250 Saudi Arabia 3289, 3317, 3325, 3356, 3363 search and seizure 1192 sexual violation 1252 Sudan 3460, 3509, 3550, 3565 trial and the qāḍī 1189 witnesses 1139, 1141, 1152, 1158, 1162 proof formation 1170 general 1157, 1187, 1193 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya on 1177 Ibn Taymiyya on 1177 modern means 1172 and power of judges 1159 pregnancy as proof 3017 Sudan 3548 and testimony 1141 theory 1183 written 1178, 1196 punishment(s) aims 123 Al-Andalus 3340 Algeria 3465 apostasy 293, 295, 304, 315, 318, 354, 366, 381, 405, 413 application 1225 banishment 1627 beheadings 1214, 1217 blasphemy 391 capital 568, 570, 571, 575, 576, 585, 1438 classification 1244, 1245 collective 1233 compared to  Christianity and Judaism 1230 French law 1222, 1226 corporal punishment, call for moratorium 1236, 1237 cruel 1215, 1940 determination of 1061 disproportionate 1219, 2046 and doubt 1061, 1067 early Arab society 1605 educational implications 1201 Egypt 1722, 1741

435

Index of Subjects and People



equality in application 1206 ethics 1239, 1240, 1241 general 1202, 1205, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1218, 1223, 1224, 1232, 1235, 1242, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247 ḥadd (see ḥadd/ḥudūd) Hanafi law 684, 696 Hanbali law 701 heretics 1612 homicide 722, 723 homosexuality 740 and human rights 1238 ignominious parading 1229 India 1780, 1810, 1813 Indonesia 1829, 1840, 1877, 1887, 1910 Iran 1940, 1941, 1966, 1980, 1989, 2034, 2035, 2046, 2048, 2064, 2103, 2119, 2122, 2150, 2157, 2193, 2202, 2203, 2226 Islamic history 95, 98, 99, 1227, 1228 Islamic law 9, 20, 45, 65, 66, 84, 85, 134, 141, 147, 156, 168, 172, 851, 1199, 1212, 1220, 1221, 1234 and contemporary legal trends 1200 and influence on law of Arab states 1203 legal character 1243 in legislation 73, 541, 640, 748, 811, 1081, 1199, 1231 Malaysia 2387, 2389, 2391, 2404–2406, 2415, 2421, 2450 Maldives 2456 Mamluks 2472, 2476 modern Muslim state 7 as moral and social agency 1211 Morocco 2534 in Muslim countries 1204 Nigeria 2571, 2572, 2707, 2751 Ottoman Empire 2842, 2851, 2900, 2934, 2959, 2961 Pakistan 2977, 2989, 3034, 3193, 3217 physical punishments 1216 public humiliation 1627 and public order 1210 purpose 1213 qiṣāṣ 1301 rape 1262 Saudi Arabia 3280, 3334, 3345, 3352, 3358, 3368 Seljuqs 2914



Somalia 3380, 3381 stoning 1344 Sudan 3465, 3543 tashhīr 1229 taʿzīr 000 theft 000  United Arab Emirates 3598 United States of America 3616 women 1452 zinā (see zinā)

qadhf in comparative perspective 589 Maliki law 1076 and rape 1260 qasāma in jāhilī law 1249 in Jewish law 1249 Mamluks 2498 origins 1250 Qatar criminal justice 3279 duality of legal system 3276 Penal Code influence of Islamic criminal law 3277 mens rea 3278 qatl (see homicide) qatl al-raḥma (see euthanasia) qiṣāṣ and ʿafw 1292 circumstantial evidence 1186 and disabilities 1300 gender factor 511 general 1293, 1298 for intentional bodily harm 1291 Iran 1952, 2125, 2127 in Islamic law 1298, 1304 Libya 2331 and medical ethics 1301 and non-Muslims as victims 1290 Pakistan 3002, 3020, 3043, 3102, 3103, 3168, 3172, 3214, 3227, 3231, 3248 parents, legal position 1296 replantation of an amputated limb 1299 as restorative justice 1297, 1302 and social peace 1295 Somalia 3372

436 qiṣāṣ (cont.) Sudan 3559 in theology and jurisprudence 1248 in Victorian literature 1294 quinine, prohibition of 256 Qurʾān  Abortion 1890 alcohol 236, 254 apostasy 291, 396 corporal punishment 634 corruption 1852 crime prevention 1128 freedom of religion 268, 291, 410, 2395 , homicide 726 homosexuality 798–800 just society 64 kufr 443 law of crime 10 legal injunctions 2, 37, 106, 177, 178, 678, 3443 and Pakistani court decisions 3074 penal philosophy 112 retribution 1294 revisionism 796 sociology of crime 8 story of Lot 764 zinā 664 rape adjudication 1264 Afghanistan 1558 classification 1261, 1264 Egypt 1662, 1756 evidence 1256 Ibn Hazm on 1099 India 1796, 1797, 1805 Iran 1932 Islamic law 1252, 1253 Islamic State (ISIS) 2257 Malaysia 2384, 2398 Maliki law 1100 marital 1259, 1265 Nigeria 2653 Pakistan 3003, 3008, 3009, 3022, 3045, 3046, 3059, 3089, 3101, 3107, 3142, 3144, 3161, 3176, 3177, 3200, 3209, 3244, 3259, 3261, 3266 punishment 1262 and qadhf 1260

Index of Subjects and People

Saudi Arabia 3348 and siyāsa in Hanafi law 1251 Sudan 3490, 3495, 3500, 3572, 3574, 3576–3578 victim  rights 1263 Iran 1255 protection 1257 and virginity 1258 and zinā 1254, 1260 rebellion (see also rebels) Al-Andalus 3442 early Islam 1616 Ibn Taymiyya on 1274, 1275 Islamic law 1266–1269, 1271, 1272, 1274, 1275 Maliki law 1080 Qurʾān 1273 Seljuks 1347 Shiʿi law 1347 women 1450 rebels (see also rebellion) and apostates 1270 early Islam 1617 Islamic State 2261, 2267 Ottoman Empire 2861 status 1276 repentance apostate 303 as defence 1281 effects on penalty 1280 Islamic and canon law 1277 Islamic tradition 1278 as legal concept 1279 restorative justice and diya 500 Indonesia 1853, 1921 and intimate partner violence 1287 Iran 2040, 2155 Islamic criminal law 1283–1286, 1288, 1289 Malaysia 2423, 2452 and qiṣāṣ 1297, 1302 Somalia 3372 theory and practice in Islam 1282 retribution (see qiṣāṣ) ridda (see apostasy) rights of God, rights of men 964

Index of Subjects and People and ḥudūd 1304 as a legal heuristic 1303 and qiṣāṣ 1304 Rushdie, Salman 282, 284, 313, 401, 428, 2238 sariqa (see theft) Saudi Arabia apostasy ʿAbdallāh al-Qāṣīmī 3365 Hamza Kashgari 3357 the state as apostate 3337 arbitrary detention 3342, 3367 atheists 3365 black metal 3339 blasphemy 3339, 3357 blood money 3313, 3320 child abuse 3350 Committee for Ordering the Good and Forbidding Evil 3359 corporal punishment, role of physicians 3334 crime of minors 3288 rates 3281 and social control 3364 criminal defense 3315, 3319 case of two British nurses 3319, 3347 criminal justice system 3330, 3331, 3338, 3344 compared 3281 criminal laws 3325 impact on crime prevention 3332, 3333 criminal procedure homicide 3289 pre-trial 3317 right to a fair trial 3356 death penalty 3324, 3340, 3352 beheadings 3346, 3366 for drug offences 3358 economic and historic influences  3345 execution of ʿAbd al-Karim Maraʿi al-Naqshabandi 3299 and foreigners 3304 for minors 527 delinquency and social control 3293

437 dissidents 3365 drug offences 3280 expiation (kaffāra) 3320 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)  3321 gang rape 3348 gender violence, reforms against 3311 General Court of Qatif 3348 heresy 3357 homicide 3301 involvement of Western nationals  3308 homosexuality, punishment 740 ḥudūd 3336 human rights 3314, 3341 in criminal investigation 3287 and religious persecution 3023 and trial of the accused 3307 violations under Sharīʿa 2042 injuries, compensation 3294 internet fraud 3284 Islamic criminal law 3303, 3318, 3325 Compared to French, Kuwaiti law 3369 corporal punishment 3334 corporate criminal liability 3296 and crime prevention 3306, 3332, 3333 crime rates 3298 criminal medical liability 3291 deterrence of criminality 3354 ḥudūd crimes 3303 implementation 3320, 3336 proof 3326 terminology 3295 Islamic law 3323 and crime 3285 and digital forensics 3283 doubt 3286 impact of international law on application 3316 as legal system in 3302 and national law 3306 judicial system 3318 judiciary 3318 juvenile justice 3282, 3312 legal reform 3327 legal system 3309, 3329, 3353, 3360, 3361

438 Saudi Arabia (cont.) legal theory, Wahhābī 3297, 3300 liwāṭ 3310 male guardianship 3341 offenders adult in Damman prison 3290, 3335 treatment 3343 physicians in fiqh and Saudi law 3322 police organisation 3292 procedure 3318 rape 3348 religious freedom 3328 retribution (qiṣāṣ) 3320 rights of the accused 3363 sex segregation 3341 Sharīʿa 3349 application 3302, 3349, 3355 deterring criminality 3354 penalties and implemention 3336 role for security 3362 taʿzīr 3336 torture of US citizens 3368 unfair trials 3342, 3367 witnesses 3351 self-defence (see defence) Seljuks concepts of justice and injustice 2520 ḥisba 2902 Shiʿi jurisprudence 1347 wine drinking 2914 settlement (ṣulḥ) Al-Kāsānī on 1319 Afghanistan 1556 Algeria 3468 amnesty and pardon 1317, 1318 Al-Andalus 3436 Arab world 1309, 1312 compared to Western mediation 1324, 1326 concepts of mediation, conciliation, ṣulḥ, arbitration 1308 conflict resolution 1306, 1320, 1321, 1323 Iran 2063 Islamic law 1305, 1310, 1311 Israel 2283, 2285 Jordan 2287 Malaysia 2427 Middle East conflicts, mediation techniques 1315

Index of Subjects and People Middle Eastern societies 1307, 1325 Nigeria 2618, 2774 Ottoman Empire 2841, 2911, 2947 Pakistan 3215 and reconciliation (muṣālaḥa) 1313, 1314, 1316 Sudan 3468 Syria 3588 victim-perpetrator reconciliation 1322 sex offences Indonesia 1840 Qurʾān 1480 medieval Islam 739 Ottoman Empire 2962 Pakistan 3261 textual foundations 1481 sexuality (see also homosexuality)  Afghanistan 1558 control 1479 criminalising 1477, 1478 Egypt 1764 Islam 745 Middle East 1463, 1465 sexually transmitted diseases 1327 sexual violence Iraq 2254 Islamic State 2254 Jarchas 3389 Maliki law 1079 Ottoman Anatolia 2953 Pakistan 3107 Sudan 3490, 3518, 3572, 3579 Syria 2254 Shāfiʿī criminal law 4 adultery 1619 analogical reasoning 1340 apostasy 1330–1333 blasphemy 2500 general 1336, 1337, 1339 ḥisba 1328 liwāṭ 1335 maẓālim 1329 minhaj et talibin 1338 orthodoxy 1334 religious tolerance 1334 Shīʿī criminal law abortion 2054 apostasy 

439

Index of Subjects and People of ʿAlī b. al-Faḍl 1345 Shīʿī Islam as apostasy 1349 blood money 1350 duress 2004 general 1354 heretics 3621 homosexuality, Mohsen Kadivar 1341 ḥudūd 1348 kufr and takfīr under the Fatimids 1356 rebellion and public order 1347 reform 1355 sexual deviancy 1351 suicide terrorism 1353 takfīr 1346, 1356 testimony 2206 transgender sex-reassignment surgery  1342 transgression (taʿaddī), in Fatimid fiqh 1343 ᴡalad zinā 1352 wrongful seizure of property (ghaṣb) in Fatimid fiqh 1343 shubha (see doubt) shurb al-khamr (see alcohol) shurṭa (see police) siyāsa and drug traffickers 2386 Hanafi law 681, 1251, 2969 Islamic law 1358, 1359 Mamluks 2495 Pakistan 2968, 2969 post-colonial discourse 1357 sobriety in Sufism 243 Somalia customary law, dispute resolution 3371 Islamic courts in Mogadishu 3375, 3377 Islamic Courts Union 1515, 3370, 3378 Islamic criminal law applied by Harakat al-Shabaab 3380, 3381 hand cutting 3374 codification project 3379 Sharīʿa, recent experience 2463 transitional justice 3372, 3373 Spain (Al-Andalus) alcohol consumption 3416 arbitration (taḥkīm) 3436 beheadings 3402, 3429



blasphemy 3406 conversion 3448 forced 3441 court(s)  composition 3447 records 3447 dhimmīs 3437 fatwas 3447 forum shopping 3434, 3435 heresy 3405 heretics 3401 heterodoxy 3391, 3394, 3404 ḥisba 3382, 3387, 3396–3398, 3409, 3449 homicide 3384, 3385, 3395, 3410, 3415 assassination of Abū Marwā al-Tubnī 3421 homosexuality 3399 ḥudūd adjudication 3440 Ibn Wafid 3439 Islamic judiciary 3431 Almoravid period 3411, 3414 and Christians 3392 Cordoba 3422, 3423 judges 3393, 3412 Islamic law as applied under Christian rule 3390 judicial pluralism under “Berber empires” 3438 law evolution 3410 liʿān 3433 maẓālim 3420 penal law 3413, 3418 Almoravids 3444 under Christian rule 3390 theory and practice 3426, 3427 trials under Islamic criminal law 3424 trials under Islamic law 3428 in the Wadiha of Ibn Habib 3386 police (shurṭa) 3417, 3419 prisons 3430 punishment 3408, 3446 Qurʾān as source of Islamic (criminal) law 3443 rape 3447 rebellion 3442 robbery 3425 settlement (ṣulḥ) 3436

440 Spain (Al-Andalus) (cont.) sexual crimes 3432 sexuality 3383, 3388 sexual violence, in Jarchas 3389 takfīr 3445 violence 3403, 3446 witnesses 3447 women, violence against 3400 zandaqa 3394, 3404, 3407 stoning (see ḥadd/ḥudūd) Sudan abortion  politicisation 3573 after rape 3577 adultery Mariam Yahya Ibrahim Ishag 3568 penalty 3562 proof 3529 alcohol, proof of consumption 3529 apostasy  Mariam Yahya Ibrahim Ishag 3568 Mahmoud Muhammad Taha 3457, 3541, 3549 blood money 3465, 3467, 3480 blood vengeance 3461, 3486 CEDAW debate 3580 compared to Nigeria 2739 Comprehensive Peace Agreement 3505 corporal punishment 3543 Criminal Act 1991 3458, 3459, 3499, 3511–3514, 3554–3556, 3564, 3566, 3582 arrest 3455 detention 3455 ḥudūd 3558 international crimes 3463 revision 3530 trial 3455 criminal court 3560 criminal justice 3458, 3479 and National Security Forces Act (1999) 3496 criminal law anthropology 3475 codification 3584 colonial 3474 history 3475 and maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa 3584

Index of Subjects and People reform 3454, 3484, 3544–3546, 3551, 3552 repression 3535 criminal procedure 3460, 3509 arrest, detention, trial 3455 Criminal Procedure Act (1991) 3528 Criminal Procedure Code (1924) 3550, 3554 death penalty for minors 527 evidence law 3529 female genital mutilation 3539, 3575 freedom of religion 3472, 3553, 3567, 3571 gender justice 3580 homicide 3480 ḥudūd proof 3529 remission 3529 human rights and criminal justice 3482 and criminal law 3454, 3483 in the fundamentalist agenda 3453 and Islam 3456 and Islamisation 3471 and legal reform 3454, 3471 and religious persecution 3023 and Sharīʿa application 3540 Sudan law and international norms 3526, 3536 violations, government reply 3485 Hussein, Lubna 3491 intentionality 3465 and reconciliation 3466 International criminal law 3463 international humanitarian law 3536 Islamic law(s) and authoritarian legal politics 3534 comparative analysis 3498 and English law 3489 history 3507 and human rights 3533 legal revolution 3497, 3531 in the legal system 3487 rejected at independence 3532 Islamisation  of criminal law 3517 critical assessment 3493, 3515, 3519 of laws and constitution 3519, 3570 of law and society 3515

441

Index of Subjects and People judiciary decolonisation 3503 role in human rights protection 3508 structure 3536 law  fundamentalist impact 2095 reform 3505, 3569 of torts 3506 legal politics 3534 legal system 3554 history 3534 sources used 3510 lay tribunals 3557 Mahdi legal methodology 3477, 3520–3522, 3524 military laws and international crimes 3463 National Interim Constitution 3505 non-Muslims under Sharīʿa 3462 Penal Code (1899) 3565 Penal Code (1924) 3550 Penal Code (1983) 3478, 3494, 3511–3517, 3542, 3583, 3585 blood money and retribution 3559 Christian point of view 3525 conflict with constitution 3561 duress 3501 methodology and repercussions  3523 and proof in Islamic law 3548 penal law codification 3511, 3512, 3516 history 3473 under the Mahdi 3520, 3524, 3527 police and prisons 3536 policing 3470 prosecution 3536 public order law 3488 and rights of women and girls 3563 public order police 3469 rape 3578 and adultery 3576 prosecution 3490 law reform 3572, 3574 survivors 3495 reform of criminal law 3504 of rape law 3500



Sadiq al-Mahdi on Islamic criminal law 3476 settlement (ṣulḥ) 3466, 3468 sexual offences 3490 sexual violence 3518, 3579 and law reform 3572 Sharīʿa 3464, 3547 and crime 3537 and national law 3513, 3514 and public security 3537 reform 3519 and social transformation 3492 Supreme Court case law 3511, 3512 Turabi, Hassan al- 353 women  and crime 3502 criminalisation 3481 human rights challenges 3452 under penal laws 3450 rights in Sudanese law 3451, 3581 Sufism Ibn ʿArabi on punishment 1360 suicide assisted 461, 488 comparative 1367 and euthanasia 498 in Islamic law 1362, 1366, 1370, 1371, 1372 suicide bombing 1361, 1363, 1364, 1368, 1369, 3028 suicide terrorism 1353, 1365 ṣulḥ (see settlement) Syria administration of justice in nongovernmental territories 3589 apostasy trials 14th century 1656 Bedouin law, conflict settlement 3588 blood money 3587 conflict resolution, alternative means 3590 court in Ottoman Syria 2855 criminal responsibility 506 gender and Islamic law Ottoman Syria 2952 heresy, execution of Al-Suhrawardi (1191) 3586 public morality in 18th century Damascus 2922

442 takfīr 272, 437 application 300, 389 and blasphemy 404 Egypt 1712 Fatimids 1356 Imāmī jurisprudence 1346 India 1788 Indonesia 1867 Iran 2172 and essential Islam 385 in Islam 389, 437 literary works 432 Mamluks 2476 against Muslims 341 Nuh Keller 270 Safavid Iran 2172 Saudi Arabia 3300, 3337 South India 1788 Sweden 369 and violence 341 of women’s rights advocates 301 taʿzīr authority of the qaḍi 1373 crimes 1375 fines 1376 and ḥadd 628 Indonesia 1910 Islamic criminal law 1374, 1377 Malaysia 2348 Pakistan 3153 Saudi Arabia 3336 terminology of Islamic criminal law 1378 terrorism and banditry 449 and anti-blasphemy laws 358 anti-terrorism legislation and Sharīʿa 1384 Pakistan 3151 domestic 1382 financing 1381, 1387 international terrorism in Islamic law  1380, 1385, 1386 Islam 1379 Islamic law 1379, 1380, 1382 Indonesia 1912 Islamic responses 1383 suicide attacks 729, 1353, 1365 and transitional justice 1423

Index of Subjects and People terrorist(s) and bandits 451 jihad 451, 3346 trial in Islamic law 1388 testimony (see also witnesses) in ḥudūd, exclusion of women’s testimony in 1151 Iran 1923 in Islamic law 1139, 1141, 1152 of women in Islamic law 1140, 1142, 1151, 1162 theft (sariqa) Afghanistan 1531 chattel recovery 1395 compared with US law 3619 Egypt 1762 ḥadd 1059 hand amputation 1393, 1401 Indonesia 1916 intellectual theft 1019 Iran 2003 Islamic law 1394, 1396, 1397, 1400, 1402, 3619 Ottoman Empire 2849 punishment 1390, 1399, 1400 Sayyid Qutb 1389 textual foundations in Islamic law 1398 United States of America 3619 wrongful appropriation 1391 tobacco debate 242 Islam and science 237 prohibition 239 smoking in Islamic law 248 tort(s) Arab countries 551 Islamic law 4, 124, 143, 551 liability (UAE) 3595 pecuniary damage 1392 torture anti-torture movement in Middle East 1418 and death penalty 1405 critical reflections 1415 and forced confession 1406 and human rights 1412 interfaith view 1404, 1407 Iran 1925, 2102, 2166, 2178, 2191, 2192

443

Index of Subjects and People and Islam 573, 574, 1412, 1414 Islamic law 1408–1410, 1416 medieval jurisprudence 1403 modern state 1417 Ottoman Empire 2828, 2896 Pakistan 3194, 3259 and public executions in middle period 1411 recognition 1408 Saudi Arabia 3368 Sudan 3496 United States of America 3617 and violence in the Arab world 1413 traffic accidents expiation 1421 Islamic law 1420 liability of driver 1419 trafficking drug 1887, 2233, 2386 human 2311, 2347, 2809 transitional justice amnesty and pardon 1317 and Islamic law 1423, 1425 secular vs. Islamic law 1422 Maghreb 2806 Middle East and North Africa 1426 Muslim communities as stakeholders 1427 Muslim majority legal systems 1424 Somalia 3373 Sudan 3450, 3454, 3455, 3463, 3535, 3544–3546 Tunisia 3592 Yemen 3372, 3373 transsexuality 749 tribal arbitration 3636 areas 3237 justice 3620 law 1428, 2293, 2329, 2330, 3624 reconciliation 2287 society 2330, 3031 Tunisia ḥisba 3591 prisons and prisoners in Tunis 2874 transitional justice 3592 trial in Tunis 2921

Turkey abortion 2856 black metal 3339 blasphemy 3339 capital punishment 3345 lessons for Nigeria 2719 sin and crime 2903 smuggling 1931 Umayyads (see early Islam) unfounded accusation of unlawful sexual intercourse (see qadhf ) United Arab Emirates death penalty 3593 diya in Emirati jurisprudence 3609 specification of amount 3596, 3597 gambling 3610 ḥudūd, reversion of lower court decision 3598 Islamic law, position in legal system 3614 Penal Code evidence 3594 incompatibility with Sharīʿa 3600 Islamisation 3602, 3603, 3607 policy recommendations 3599 and unification 3601, 3604 police reform 3611 policing 3612 prosecution, independence 3613 Sharīʿa Emiratisation 3608 position in constitution 3605 in the pre-modern period 3606 tortious liability 3595 United States of America Islamic law lessons on corporal punishment 3616 lessons on death penalty 3618 and homicide laws, comparison with US law 3615 and theft, comparison with US law 3619 torture, lessons from Abrahamitic religions 3617 unlawful sexual intercourse (see zinā)

444 violence ʿAbbāsid state 1499 Afghanistan and gender 1559–1561 Algeria 1567 and apostasy 315, 318 domestic 1450, 1451, 1879, 2784 Egypt, 19th century 1637 gender 1459, 1559–1561, 1757, 2082, 2942, 3311 and heretics 1617 and ḥisba theories 706 honour-related 808, 810, 817, 818, 1461, 2295, 2302 intimate partner 1287 Iran 2082, 2142 Islam 274 Islamic law 160, 1266 Islamic State (ISIS) 2266 lawful 1060 against Muslims 341 Nigeria 2619, 2758 Ottoman Empire 2833, 2867, 2942, 2953 Pakistan 3006, 3107, 3208, 3222, 3243 public 96, 97, 643, 1348, 1411 and rebellion 1266, 1617 religious 316, 317, 417 sacralisation 2756 Saudi Arabia 3311 sexual 1079, 2151, 2254, 2953, 3107, 3389, 3518, 3572, 3579 against sexual minorities 2237 settlement 3588 Sudan 3490, 3518, 3572, 3579 and torture 1413 urban 2236 and vigilantism 1882 against women 803, 818, 1453, 1459, 1461, 1757, 2082, 2289, 3400 and zinā laws 1477, 1478 war combatants in Islamic law 1434, 1447 and the death penalty 1438 international humanitarian and Islamic law 1430, 1433 and Islamic law of armed conflict 1432, 1435, 1436, 1441

Index of Subjects and People use of force 1442, 1445, 1446 and war crimes trials against Assad and ISIL 1444 prisoner of war in Islamic law 1434, 1437, 1439, 1440, 1443, 1447 and international humanitarian law 1440 retaliation 1431 and rules of killing 1429 Al-Sarakhsī’ on war 683 West Africa 1563 wine (see also alcohol) 235, 267, 2820 drinking and prohibition before Islam 251 drinking in Islam 266, 267 early Islam 1614 hadīth 238 Islam 245 Saljūq period 2914 witnesses ḥudūd cases 645 Islamic criminal jurisprudence 1139 Saudi Arabia 3351 testimony 1152 women 2967 women Abbassids 1503 Afghanistan 1521, 1532 Al-Andalus 3400 Arab women and stoning 1454 CEDAW 939 chastity 607 crimes 1464 in criminal law  Islamic 1056, 1460 Middle Eastern 1463, 1465 domestic violence (see also under violence) 1451 Islamic law 1450 Egypt 1646, 1696, 1755–1757 gender discrimination Islamic countries 1456 in punishment 1462 gender justice, in Islamic law 1448, 1455 gender violence (see also under violence)  1453 and Sharīʿa discourse 1459 various settings 1461

445

Index of Subjects and People



and honour crimes 803, 806, 810, 817, 818 human rights 997 Indonesia 1826, 1827, 1862, 1889 Iran 1932, 1939, 2031, 2065, 2082, 2083, 2139, 2140, 2177, 2178, 2235 Jordan 2289, 2302 Mamluks 2484 Nigeria 2562, 2586, 2622, 2635, 2653, 2658, 2687, 2708, 2752, 2784, 2785 North Africa 2807 Ottoman Empire 2809, 2819, 2845, 2859, 2943 Pakistan 2302, 2966, 2967, 2970, 2971, 2990, 2991, 3006, 3015, 3041, 3063, 3066, 3073, 3083, 3098, 3100, 3140, 3141, 3150, 3153, 3167, 3170, 3171, 3186, 3195, 3205, 3207, 3208, 3215, 3219, 3221, 3222, 3224, 3227, 3239, 3241, 3252–3254, 3263, 3264 in police 1118 punishment 1452, 1462 rape 1257 Saudi Arabia 3348 Sudan 3450–3452, 3481, 3502, 3530, 3562, 3563, 3574, 3576, 3577, 3581 Sunni legal thought 1162 testimony 1140, 1142, 1151 women’s human rights 1449 women’s rights advocacy 301, 1457 zinā laws 1477–1479

Yemen apostasy (ridda) of Kinda 3626 customary law 3620, 3624 death penalty for minors 527 heresy 3621 Islamic law and Jews 3633 juvenile offenders 3627 legal reform and Islam 3376



legal system 3625, 3634 murder before a Sharīʿa court 3629 non-state justice 3635 penal law 3632 prosecution (niyāba) 3630 rule of law 3631, 3634 tribal arbitration 3622, 3623, 3635, 3636 Sharīʿa courts 3628

Zanzibar Islamic law, administration 3637–3639 zinā Arab laws 1489 historical perspective 1469 hymen reconstruction 1476 iḥṣān 1472 as impediment to marriage Indonesia 1831 Iran 2099 Islamic campaign against 1486 Islamic criminal law 1254, 1466, 1468, 1473–1475, 1485 laᴡs 1477–1479 Maliki law 1102 Nigeria 2567, 2574, 2613, 2635, 2738, 2751, 2793 Ottoman law 2887 Pakistan 1461, 3010, 3041, 3055, 3063, 3074, 3098–3100, 3122, 3124, 3125, 3153, 3177, 3260, 3266 punishment 676, 1467, 1470, 1471, 1483, 1484, 1487 and rape 1260 social factors 672 stoning (see also stoning under ḥadd)  664, 1482, 1484 walad zinā 1352 Western Arabia 1488 zinā laws, revival 1477–1479