5G and Beyond Wireless Systems: PHY Layer Perspective 9789811563898

Table of contents :
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Abbreviations
1 MIMO Antennas: A 5G Communication Perspective
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Single Element Versus Multiple Antenna System
1.3 MIMO Antenna System
1.3.1 MIMO Antenna Design Methodology:
1.3.2 Performance Enhancement of MIMO Systems
1.4 Comparative Study of SISO, MIMO and Massive MIMO System
1.5 mm-Wave MIMO
1.6 Antenna Array Beamforming:
1.7 Conclusion
References
2 Pilot Contamination in Massive MIMO Communications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 System Model
2.3 The Pilot Scheduling Algorithms
2.3.1 Greedy Pilot Scheduling Method
2.3.2 Tabu Search Pilot Scheduling Method
2.3.3 The Sorting-Based Scheme
2.3.4 The Smart Pilot Assignment (SPA) Scheme
2.3.5 The Water-filling Based Pilot Assignment Scheme
2.4 Results and Discussions
2.4.1 Greedy and TS Scheme
2.4.2 Sorting-Based Scheme
2.4.3 The SPA scheme and Water-filling Pilot Allocation
2.5 Conclusion
References
3 Detection Techniques in Uplink Massive MIMO Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Literature Overview and Challenges in Massive MIMO Detection
3.2 System Model and Problem Formulation
3.2.1 Mathematical Model
3.2.2 Problem Formulation
3.3 Massive MIMO Detection Techniques
3.3.1 Approximate Matrix Inversion Methods
3.3.2 Iterative Methods
3.4 Simulation Results and Discussions
3.4.1 Bit Error Rate Comparison
3.4.2 Computational Complexity
3.5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
4 Index Modulation Techniques for 5G and Beyond Wireless Systems
4.1 Introduction
4.2 System Model
4.2.1 Maximum-Likelihood Detection
4.3 Types of Index Modulation
4.3.1 Spatial Modulation
4.3.2 Generalized Spatial Modulation
4.3.3 Space Shift Keying and Generalized Space Shift Keying
4.3.4 Media-Based Modulation
4.4 Multi-dimensional Index Modulation
4.4.1 Space-Time IM
4.4.2 Spatial Modulated Media-Based Modulation
4.5 Conclusion
References
5 Sparse Code and Hybrid Multiple Access Techniques
5.1 Introduction of NOMA
5.2 SCMA System Model
5.2.1 Downlink SCMA System
5.2.2 Design and Optimization of SCMA Codebooks
5.2.3 Symbol Detection in SCMA
5.2.4 Example
5.2.5 Numerical Results and Discussions
5.3 Hybrid Multiple Access-Based System Design
5.3.1 Future Research Direction
References
6 Implementation of a Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Scheme Under Practical Impairments
6.1 Introduction
6.2 System Model
6.3 System Performance Analysis: Outage Performance of NOMA Users' Signals
6.3.1 Outage Probability of xp
6.3.2 Outage Probability of xn
6.3.3 Asymptotic Expressions of Outage Behavior in OMA in NOMA
6.3.4 Throughput Analysis
6.4 Outage Performance Analysis of OMA Users' Signals
6.4.1 Outage Probability of xp in OMA
6.4.2 Outage Probability of xn
6.4.3 Asymptotic Expressions of Outage Behavior in OMA
6.5 Numerical Results
6.6 Conclusion
References
7 mmWave-Based 5G and Beyond Cellular Networks
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Heterogeneous Deployment
7.2.1 Stochastic Geometry-Based Heterogeneous Cellular Network Modeling
7.3 MmWave Bands for 5G and Beyond Networks
7.3.1 mmWave Signals Transmission Characteristics
7.4 System Design Considerations and Implications
7.5 Analysis of Cognitive-Based Hybrid mmWave/UHF Cellular Network
7.5.1 System Model
7.5.2 CPBS Network Activity Model
7.5.3 Power Consumption Model
7.5.4 Outage Analysis for CPBS Tier
7.5.5 Total Outage Probability Analysis for CHCN
7.5.6 Area Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Analysis
7.5.7 Results and Discussions
7.6 Future Research Directions
7.7 Conclusion
References
8 Multi-user Full-Duplex Two-Way Relaying Systems with User Mobility
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Practical Full-Duplex
8.2.1 Key Challenge
8.2.2 Opportunities
8.3 Multi-user Full-Duplex Relaying
8.3.1 Literature Review
8.3.2 Work Done and Results
8.4 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
9 PAPR Reduction of Filter Bank Techniques for 5G Communication Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Key Technology and Components
9.3 5G Technology Waveforms
9.3.1 Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC)
9.3.2 Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC)
9.3.3 Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM)
9.3.4 Biorthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (BFDM)
9.4 PAPR and Reduction Techniques
9.4.1 Distortion Techniques
9.4.2 Distortion-Less Techniques
9.4.3 Techniques with Predistortion
9.4.4 Techniques with DFT Spreading
9.5 Results Analysis and Discussion
9.6 Conclusion
References
10 Optimization of Resources to Minimize Power Dissipation in 5G Wireless Networks
10.1 Introduction and Background
10.2 System Assumptions
10.2.1 Network Topology
10.2.2 Channel Model
10.2.3 Power Dissipation in a BS
10.3 Problem Formulation and Optimization of Transmit Power
10.3.1 Coverage Probability of an UE
10.3.2 Coverage Probability of the Farthest UE
10.3.3 Optimization Formulation
10.3.4 Optimization of Transmit Power
10.4 Deployment Strategy for a Single BS
10.4.1 For Large Number of UEs
10.4.2 For Moderate Number of UEs
10.5 Deployment Strategy for Multiple BSs
10.5.1 For Large Nu
10.5.2 For Moderate Nu
10.6 Joint Optimization
10.6.1 Optimization over the Square Field
10.6.2 Optimization over the Circular Field
10.7 Numerical Results and Discussions
10.8 Summary
References
11 Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Mathematical Model
11.3 Spectrum Sensing Techniques for White Gaussian Noise
11.3.1 Blind Sensing Algorithms
11.3.2 Non-Blind Spectrum Sensing Algorithms
11.4 Spectrum Sensing Algorithms for Colored Gaussian Noise
11.4.1 Standard Condition Number (SCN)
11.4.2 Maximum Eigenvalue
11.4.3 LogDet Covariance
11.5 Cooperative Sensing
11.5.1 Centralized Sensing
11.5.2 Distributed Sensing
11.5.3 External Sensing
11.6 Results and Discussion
11.7 Experimental Results
11.8 Cognitive Radio with Full-Duplex
11.9 Conclusion
References
12 Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio Networks Under Diverse Distribution Models
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Literature Review
12.1.2 Organization of the Chapter
12.2 System Model
12.2.1 Activity Model of PU
12.3 Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of the Proposed System
12.3.1 Global Prediction
12.3.2 Global Sensing
12.3.3 Combined Final Decision About PU Status
12.3.4 Enhancing Spectrum Reusability
12.3.5 Energy Harvesting
12.3.6 Cost of Energy Harvesting
12.3.7 Throughput of CRN
12.4 Results and Discussions
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 Impact of Buffer Size on Proactive Spectrum Handoff Delay in Cognitive Radio Networks
13.1 Introduction
13.2 System Model
13.3 CHD for Non-switching, Switching and Random Switching Proactive SH Schemes
13.3.1 Non-switching SH
13.3.2 Switching Spectrum Handoff
13.3.3 Random Spectrum Handoff
13.4 Results and Discussion
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 Overlay Multi-user Satellite-Terrestrial Networks for IoT in the Presence of Interference
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Prior Works
14.1.2 Chapter Organization
14.2 System Description
14.2.1 System Model
14.2.2 Propagation Model
14.2.3 Multi-user Selection Criterion for Primary Terrestrial Receivers
14.2.4 Channel Models
14.2.5 Statistical Characterizations
14.3 Outage Performance of Satellite Network
14.3.1 Case 1
14.3.2 Case 2
14.4 Outage Performance of IoT Network
14.4.1 Case 1
14.4.2 Case 2
14.5 Adaptive Power Splitting Factor
14.6 Numerical and Simulation Results
14.7 Summary and Future Extensions
References
15 Resource Allocation in D2D Communications
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Challenges in Resource Allocation for D2D Communication
15.3 Classification of Existing Schemes for D2D Communication
15.3.1 Sum-Throughput Maximization
15.3.2 Spectral Efficiency Maximization
15.3.3 Energy Efficiency Maximization
15.3.4 Energy Efficiency and Spectral Efficiency Trade-Off
15.3.5 Delay Minimization
15.4 Resource Allocation for Sum-Throughput Maximization
15.4.1 System Model
15.4.2 Problem Formulation
15.4.3 Outage Probability Analysis
15.4.4 Channel Allocation Algorithm
15.4.5 Power Allocation
15.5 Conclusion and Future Works
References
16 V2X Communications: Recent Advancements and Performance Analysis
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Need for Vehicular Communication
16.1.2 Challenges in Vehicular Communications
16.2 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communications
16.2.1 Prior Arts on V2V Communications
16.2.2 Future Research Problems on V2V Communications
16.3 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Communications
16.3.1 Prior Arts on V2I Communications
16.3.2 Research Directions on V2I Communications
16.4 Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) Communication
16.4.1 Recent Research on V2P Communications
16.4.2 Research Directions on V2P Communications
16.5 Self-driving Vehicles
16.5.1 Challenges for SDV
16.6 Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) Communications
16.6.1 Modeling of Node's Mobility
16.6.2 End-to-End Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
16.6.3 Performance Analysis
16.6.4 Numerical Results
16.7 Conclusion
References
17 Physical Layer Security in Cooperative Vehicular Relay Networks
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Literature Review
17.1.2 Organization of the Chapter
17.2 System and Channel Models
17.3 Performance Analysis
17.3.1 Preliminaries
17.3.2 Secrecy Outage Probability (SOP)
17.3.3 Asymptotic SOP
17.3.4 Probability of Non-zero Secrecy Capacity
17.3.5 Intercept Probability
17.3.6 Ergodic Secrecy Capacity (ESC)
17.4 Numerical Results and Discussions
17.5 Conclusions
References
18 Machine Learning in 5G Wireless Networks
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Machine Learning Basics
18.3 Machine Learning in 5G
18.3.1 Network-Level Data
18.3.2 User-Level Data
18.3.3 Network Control
18.3.4 Network Security
18.4 Conclusion
References