Distribution Agreements Under the EC Competition Rules 9781472559234, 9781841132396

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Preface Valentine started to write this book in 2000, but decided that she had insufficient opportunities to advise on Regulation 2790/99 to know what businessmen want to do. She, therefore, persuaded her old friend, Denis O’Sullivan, to contribute chapter seven on how to treat agreements outside the scope of the regulation. We started to write our chapters separately, but have each read and commented upon those of the other, and hope that we have made adequate cross references to integrate the two parts. Several people have kindly read drafts of Valentine’s chapters. Margaret Booth of the UK’s Office of Fair Trading made many helpful comments, especially on the economics chapter. Pat Massey, then working for the Irish Competition Authority and now consulting at CompEcon Limited (www.compecon.com), made suggestions about the economics chapter. Cani Fernandez of Cuatrecasas’ Brussels office and Marissa Tierno Cantello of the Dutch Competition office read the whole some months ago and made helpful comments. None of these friends has seen the final version and none is responsible for remaining errors and infelicities. When Valentine was teaching at Fordham University School of Law in the Spring of 2001, Mr. Christhoph Huetteroth, then an LL.M. student, kindly acted as a research assistant and was extremely helpful. He has since graduated magnum cum laude and become a US attorney. Not only was he good at downloading material and meticulous in checking citations etc., but he was also able to check the German version of the regulation, when the French and English differed. He rejects the wide view given at 3.3.9.1 about the application of the regulation to pure trademark or copyright licences on the ground that article 2(3) is a lex specialis taking priority over the more general provisions in article 2(1). As always, Valentine is indebted to Fordham University School of Law for encouraging her to write, providing a computer and, far more important, competent assistance from the help desk cheerfully and courteously given. Fordham always provides funds for her research assistant. The law library at Fordham is good and the help obtained from librarians far exceeds what can be offered in the UK. She is also indebted to University College for providing a Professor Emeritus with students, an office, computer and help with it. Valentine listened to a perceptive and careful speech by Andrzej Kmiecik of Van Bael and Bellis at a conference organised by IBC in Brussels in May 2000. She cannot tell how many of the ideas in this book were derived from that talk and the discussion thereafter. She also learned much from debates with Luc Peeperkorn She would like to think both gentlemen. Denis would like to thank his friends and colleagues at Coudert Brothers (www.coudert.com) for their very generous support. Jean-Yves Art, Pierre-Manuel Louis and Stephen Spinks in particular shared their practical insights into effective

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distribution agreements inside and outside Regulation 2790/99. Many of their helpful suggestions have found their way into this book. We would like to thank all these people, without whom the book would never have been written. Naturally, the remaining errors, omissions and infelicities are our sole responsibility. We are both indebted to Hart Publishing, which provided a splendid team to produce the book. This time Richard Hart copy-edited the script himself, demonstrating once again the kind of versatility and responsiveness which small publishers possess and which their larger rivals often appear to lack. The index was prepared by Debbie Harris and then revised and edited by Hannah Young, who also co-ordinated production of the book with her usual good cheer and helpfulness, and providing answers to a host of questions en route. The tables were compiled swiftly and very accurately by John Emory Corral, a former student who has now done this for Valentine several times and who is always thorough and meticulous. The typesetters, Hope Services, produced the page proofs very quickly, which enabled us to read proofs in-between other work commitments in the US and Germany.

Valentine Korah, University College London, Bentham House, Endsleigh Gardens, London, WC1H 0EG [email protected] Denis O’Sullivan, Centre for European Integration Studies, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3 53113 Bonn. http://www.zei.de

Table of Cases E UROPEAN ACF Chemiefarma NV v. Commission, Case 41/69, 15 July 1970, [1970] ECR 661, CMR 8083............................................................................4.1.4 Adalat — Commission v. Bayer AG (96/478/EEC), 10 January 1996, OJ 1996 L201/1, [1996] 5 CMLR 416, [1996] CEC 2421 .................................2.1 Adorno v. EC Commission, Case 107/80, 3 June 1981, [1981] ECR 1469, [1983] 2 CMLR 310 ............................................................................................3.2 AEG — Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AEG-Telefunken AG v. Commission, Case 107/82, 25 October 1983, [1983] ECR 3151, [1984] 3 CMLR 325, CMR 14018 ..................2.1, 2.8.1.2, 2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.5.1, 4.1.4 Ahmed Saeed Flugreisen and Silver Line Reisebüro GmbH v. Zentrale zur Bekampfung Unlauteren Wettbewerbs eV, Case 66/86, 11 April 1989, [1989] ECR 803, [1990] 4 CMLR 102, [1989] 2 CEC 654.......................1.2.1.2.6 AKZO Chemie BV v. Commission, Case 62/86, 3 July 1991, [1991] ECR I-3359, [1993] 5 CMLR 215, [1993] 2 CEC 115 .......................1.2.1.2.6, 3.4.13.7, 7.2.5.2 Alsatel v. Novasam, Case 247/86, 5 October 1988, [1988] ECR 5987, [1990] 4 CMLR 434, [1990] 1 CEC 248 ...................................................1.2.1.2.6 ARD — Re Film Purchases by German TV Stations (89/536/EEC), 15 September 1989, OJ 1989, L284/36, [1990] 4 CMLR 841, [1989] 2 CEC 2109..........................................................1.2.5.1, 2.5.2, 6.1, 7.2.6.1 Association de Pharmacistes Belges, OJ 1990, L18/35, [1990] 4 CMLR 619 ......................................................................................2.8.1.6 Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc v. Au Blé Vert Sàrl, Case 229/83, 10 January 1985, [1985] ECR 1, [1985] 2 CMLR 286...........2.8.5.3 Bayer v. Commission, Case T-41/96, 26 October 2000, [2000] ECR II-3387, [2001] 4 CMLR 126 appeal from Adalat, OJ 1996, L201/1, [1996] 5 CMLR 416. Appeal by Commission, Cases C-02 and C-01, OJ 2001, C79/14...........2.1, 2.8.1, 4.1.4, 4.2.3, 4.3, 5.2.3, 7.2.2, 7.6.3.1 Bayer Dental, OJ 1990, L351/46, 28 November 1990, [1991] CEC 2003...........................................................................................2.8.1.3 Béguelin Import Co. v. GL Import Export SA, Case 22/71, 25 November 1971, [1971] ECR 949, [1972] CMLR 81, CMR 8149 ...........................................................................................3.2, 7.4.4.3.1 Belgian Travel Agents— A.S.B.L. Vereniging van Vlaamse Reisbureaus v. A.S.B.L. Sociale Dienst van de Plaatselijke en Gewestelijke Overheidsdiensten, Case 311/85, 1 October 1987, [1987] ECR 3801, [1989] 4 CMLR 213, CMR 14499........................2.8.4, 7.3.1.2

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Binon et Cie SA v. SA Agence et Messageries de la Presse, Case 243/83, 3 July 1985, [1985] ECR 2015, [1985] 3 CMLR 800, CMR 14218 ..........2.8.1.2.1 BMW, OJ 1975, L29/1, 13 December 1974, [1975] 1 CMLR D44 ........................................................................7.4.4.3.2, 7.6.3 BMW v. ALD-Bayerische Motorenwerke AG and VAG v. ALD Autoleasing D GmbH, Case C-70/93, 8 June 1995, [1995] ECR I-3439, [1996] 5 CMLR 478 ...........................................................3.1, 4.1.4, 6.1.2, 7.6.3.1 BMW Belgium SA v. Commission, Cases 32/78, 36/78 to 82/78, 12 July 1979, [1979] ECR 2435, [1980] 1 CMLR 370, CMR 8548 ..............................................................................................4.1.4, 7.6.3 Bodson v. Pompes Funèbres des Régions Libérées SA, Case 30/87, 4 May 1988, [1988] ECR 2479, [1989] 4 CMLR 984, [1990] 1 CEC 3.......7.3.1.1 Bond van de Fegarbel-Beroepsverenigingen, Case T-58/00, OJ 2000, C149/20 and 37, [2000] 5 CMLR 270................................................................3.4 BP Kemi — Atka A/S v. BP Kemi A/S and A/S de Danske Spritfabrikker (79/934/EEC), 5 September 1979, OJ 1979, L286/32, [1979] 3 CMLR 684, CMR 10165 ...............................3.4.4, 4.1, 5.1.1.1.6, 5.1.1.2 Brasserie de Haecht SA v. Wilkin (No. 1), Case 23/67, 12 December 1967, [1967] ECR 407, [1968] CMLR 26, CMR 8053.............................2.7.3, 2.8.1.2.3, 5.1.1.1.3, 7.2.6.5, 7.4.4.3.1 Brasserie de Haecht SA v. Wilkin (No. 2), Case 48/72, 6 February 1973, [1973] ECR 77, [1973] CMLR 287, CMR 8170..........................................2.5, 7.7 Bristol-Myers Squibb & Ors v. Paranova A/S, Cases C-427, 429 & 436/93, 11 July 1996, [1996] ECR 1-3457, [1997] 1 CMLR 1151, [1996] 1 CEC 716................................................................................................2.3 Britannia Alloys and Chemicals Ltd and others, IP/01/1799 ............................2.4.1.4 Brooke Bond Liebig Limited, OJ 1978, L53/20, 21 December 1977, [1978] 2 CMLR 116 .........................................................2.8.5.1, 5.1.1.1.2, 5.1.1.2 Bundeskartellamt v. Volkswagen, Case C-266/93, 24 October 1995, [1995] ECR I-3477........................................................................................7.3.1.2 Cabour and Nord Distribution Automobile v. Arnor ‘Soco’ SARL, Case C-230/96, 30 April 1998, [1998] ECR I-2055, [1998] 5 CMLR 679 .........................................................................7.2.1.3, 7.6.1.2 Cadillon v. Höss, Case 1/71, 6 May 1971, [1971] ECR 351, [1971] CMLR 420, CMR 8135. ..........................................................................3.2 Camera Care v. Victor Hasselblad AB, OJ 1982, L161/18, 2 December 1981, [1982] 2 CMLR 233 ..........................2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.3, 2.8.5.1 Campari — Re the Agreement of Davide Campari Milano SpA (78/253/EEC), 23 December 1977, OJ 1978, L70/69, [1978] 2 CMLR 397, CMR 10035, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 5, page 661 .............................................................................................2.9 Centrafarm BV and de Peijper v. Sterling Drug Inc., Case 15/74, 31 October 1974, [1974] ECR 1147, [1974] 2 CMLR 480, CMR 8246 .......................................................................1.1.1, 2.3, 7.3.1.1, 7.4.4.1

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Centrafarm BV and de Peijper v. Winthrop, Case 16/74, 31 October 1974, [1974] ECR 1183, [1974] 2 CMLR 480, CMR. 8247.........................................2.3 Charles Jourdan, OJ 1989, L35/31, 2 December 1988, [1989] 4 CMLR 591, [1989] 1 CEC 2119........................................................................................7.2.4.2 Cimenteries — Re Noordwijks Cement Accoord: Cimenteries CBR Cementbedrijven NV v. EEC Commission, Cases 8-11/66, 15 March 1967, [1967] ECR 75, [1967] CMLR 77, CMR 8052.....................6.1.2 CIRFS — Comité International de la Rayonne et des Fibres Synthétiques and Others v. Commission, Case C- 313/90, 24 March 1993, [1993] ECR I-1125..............................................................................................3.2 CNSD, 30 June 1993, OJ 1993, L203/27, [1995] 5 CMLR 495, [1993] 2 CEC 2173, confirmed in Commission v. Italy, Case C-35/96, 18 June 1998, [1998] ECR I-3851, [1998] 5 CMLR 889 ...................................7.2 Coberco — H.G. Oude Luttikhuis and others v. Verenigde Cooperatiëve Melkindustrie Coberco, Case C-399/93, 12 December 1995, [1995] ECR I-4515, [1996] 5 CMLR 178........................................................1.3.1 Coca-Cola Company and Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. v. Commission, 22 March 2000, T-125 & 127/97, [2000] ECR II-1733, [2000] 5 CMLR 467 ................................................................2.12, 3.4.7, 5.1.1.1.5 Coca-Cola/Amalgamated Beverages GB (Case IV/M.794), 22 January 1997, OJ 1997, L218/15, [1997] 4 CMLR 368, [1997] CEC 2226 .....................5.1.1.1.5 Coditel (SA Compagnie Générale pour la Diffusion de la Télévision) v. Ciné-Vog Films, Case 62/79, 18 March 1980, [1980] ECR 881, [1981] 2 CMLR 362, CMR 8662.............................2.3, 3.4.10.1 Coditel II — Coditel SA v. Ciné-Vog Films SA (No. 2), Case 262/81, 6 October 1982, [1982] ECR 3381, [1983] 1 CMLR 49, CMR 8865 .....................................................................2.7.1, 2.7.2, 3.4.10.1, 7.4.4 Commercial Solvents — see Istituto Chemioterapico Italiano SpA and Commercial Solvents Corp. v. Commission Commission v. Italy, Case C-35/96, (customs agents) — see CNSD Compagnie Maritime Belge Transports SA v. Commission, Joined Cases C-395/96P and C-396/96P, [2000] ECR I-1375, [2000] 4 CMLR 1076 .................................................................1.3.2, 3.3, 3.4.13.7 Computerland (Re Franchise Agreements), OJ 1987, L222/12, 13 July 1987, [1989] 4 CMLR 259, CMR 10906..........................................7.2.4.2 Conseil National des Professions de l’Automobile (CNPA) and Others v. Commission, Case T-45/00..................................................................3.4 Consten & Grundig — Re the Agreement of Grundig Verkaufs-GmbH (64/566/EEC), 23 September 1964, OJ 2545/64, [1964] CMLR 489, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 1, page 23. On appeal Etablissements Consten SA and Grundig-Verkaufs-GmbH v. Commission, Cases 56 & 58/64, 13 July 1966, [1966] ECR 299, [1966] CMLR 418, CMR 8046 .................................................................. 1.2.3.1, 1.2.4.1.3, 2.2, 2.8.2, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3.1, 7.4.5, 8

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Continental Can — see Europemballage Corporation and Continental Can Co. Inc. v. Commission Courage Ltd. v. Bernhard Crehan, Case C-453/99, 20 September 2001, [2001] ECR I-6297, [2001] 5 CMLR 28, [2001] CEC 297 ...........2.5, 4.1.1, 7.2.3.2, 7.4.5 Criminal proceedings against Gunnery Nilsson and others, Case C-162/97, 19 November 1988, [1988] ECR I-7477 .................................................................3.2 Cullet and Another v. Centre Leclerc, Toulouse (SA Sodinord), Case 231/83, 29 January 1985, [1985] ECR 305, [1985] 2 CMLR 524, CMR 14139 ........................................................ 2.8.5, 4.2.4 Daimler/Chrysler — DaimlerChrysler/ABB Daimler Benz Transportation, 15 March 1999, EC Merger Control Reporter B902, page 5313 ...................2.8.4 De Geus — Kledingverkoopbedrijf De Geus en Uitdenbogerd v. Robert Bosch GmbH, Case 13/61, 6 April 1962, [1962] ECR 45, [1962] CMLR 1, CMR 8003 ...............................................................................2.5 De Laval/Stork VOF (Re) (No. 2) (88/110/EEC), 22 December 1987, OJ 1988, L59/32, [1988] 4 CMLR 715, CMR 10954 ......................................4.1.1 Delimitis (Stergios) v. Henninger Bräu, Case C-234/89, 28 February 1991, [1991] ECR I-935, [1992] 5 CMLR 210, [1992] 2 CEC 530.....................................................1.2.5.1, 1.2.6.4, 1.3.3, 2.4.1.1, 2.4.1.3, 2.5, 2.5.1, 2.7.3, 3.2, 4.3.1.2, 5.1.1.1.1, 5.1.1.1.3, 5.1.1.1.4, 5.2.1, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.6.5, 7.2.6.5.1, 7.4.4.3.1, 7.7, 8.4 De Norre v. NV Brouwerji Concordia, Case 47/76, 1 February 1977, [1977] ECR 65, [1977] 1 CMLR 378.....................................................1.2.6.1, 3.2 Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft mbH v. Metro-SB-GroBmarkte GmbH & Co. KG, Case 78/70, 8 June 1971, [1971] ECR 487, [1971] CMLR 631, CMR 8106 ...........................................................................2.3 Digital, Commission’s Annual Report (1977), page 153.........................................2.9 Dijkstra — Hendrik Evert Dijkstra and others v. Friesland (Frico Domo) Coöperatie BA and others, Cases C-319/93, C-40/94 & C-224/94, 12 December 1995, [1995] ECR I-4471, [1996] 5 CMLR 178.............3.2, 7.2.1.3 Distillers Co. Ltd (76/163/EEC), OJ 1978, L50/16, 20 December 1977, [1978] 1 CMLR 400 ............................................................................1.2.4.1.3, 4.3 Distillers Co. Ltd. v. Commission, Case 30/78, 10 July 1980, [1980] ECR 2229, [1980] 3 CMLR 121, CMR 8613.............1.2.4.1.3, 4.3, 7.4.4.2 Dunlop Slazenger v. Commission, Case T-43/92, 7 July 1994, [1994] ECR II-441, [1994] 2 CEC 340............................................................4.1.4 Échirolles Distribution SA v. Association du Dauphiné, Case C-9/99, 3 October 2000, [2000] ECR I-8207 ...........................2.8.5.3, 2.8.5.4, 4.2.4, 7.2.2 Effer v. Kantner, Case 38/81, 4 March 1982, [1982] ECR 825, [1984] 2 CMLR 667, CMR 8820 ........................................................................3.2 Erauw-Jacquery (Louis) Sprl v. La Hesbignonne Société Coopérative, Case 27/87, 19 April 1988, [1988] ECR 1919, [1988] 4 CMLR 576, [1989] 2 CEC 637............................................................2.7.1, 2.7.2, 2.8.5.1, 4.1.2

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ETA Fabriques d’ébauches v. SA DK Investment and others, Case 31/85, 10 December 1985, [1985] ECR 3933, CMR 14276................7.4.4.2 European Night Services (ENS) and others v. Commission, Cases T-374, 375, 384 & 388/94, 15 September 1998, [1998] ECR II-3141, [1998] 5 CMLR 718, [1998] CEC 955. Appeal from Commission decision, 21 September 1994, OJ 1994, L259/20, [1995] 5 CMLR 76 ....................................1.2.4.1.1, 2.6, 2.7.2, 2.13, 3.2, 3.4.13.7, 7.3, 8 Europemballage Corporation and Continental Can Co. Inc. v. Commission, Case 6/72, 21 February 1973, [1973] ECR 215, [1973] CMLR 199, CMR 8171 ........................................................................................1.2.1.2.6, 8.2.1 Evelyne Delauche v. Commission, Case 111/86, 16 December 1987, [1987] ECR 5345, [1989] 2 CMLR 565..............................................................3.2 FEDETAB — GB-Inno-BM SA v. Fédération Belgo-Luxembourgeoise des Industries du Tabac (78/670/EEC), 20 July 1978, OJ 1978, L224/29, [1978] 3 CMLR 524, CMR 10070. On appeal—Heintz van Landewyck Sarl, Fédération Belgo-Luxembourgeoise des Industries du Tabac Asbl v. Commission, Cases 209-215 & 218/78, 29 October 1980, [1980] ECR 3125, [1981] 3 CMLR 134, CMR 8687.......................2.8.1.6, 2.8.5.2 Fiatagri UK Ltd. and New Holland Ford. Ltd. v. Commission, Case T-34/92, 27 October 1994, [1994] ECR II-905.................................3.4.13.1 Finnpap — Finnish Paper Mills, Article 19(3) Notice, OJ 1989, C45/4, 24 February 1989, [1989] 4 CMLR 413, CMR 95072 .....................2.4.1.2 Fonderies Roubaix — Wattrelos S.A. v. Société Nouvelle des Fonderies Roux J.O.T, Case 63/75, 3 February 1976, [1976] ECR 111, [1976] 1 CMLR 538, CMR 8341 ........................................................................3.2 Ford Service Outlet Agreement, Commission’s Twenty-Seventh Report on Competition Policy, page 147 ........................................................................7.6.1.1 Ford-Werke AG and Ford of Europe Inc. v. Commission, Joined Cases 25 and 26/84, 17 September 1985, [1985] ECR 2725, [1985] 3 CMLR 528 ...........................................................2.1, 4.1.4, 7.6.3, 7.6.3.1 France v. Commission, Cases C-68/94 and 30/95 — see Kali und Salz GEC—Siemens/Plessey, 1 September 1990, OJ 1990, C239/2, [1992] 4 CMLR 471 ......................................................................................2.4.1.2 Gencor Ltd. v. Commission, Case T-102/96, 25 March 1999, [1999] ECR II-753, [1999] 4 CMLR 971, [1999] CEC 395 ......................3.4.13.7 Givenchy Parfums, OJ 1991, C262/2..............................................2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.2.3 Givenchy, Parfums, 12 August 1992, OJ 1992, L236/11, [1993] 5 CMLR 579, [1992] 2 CEC 2193..........................2.8.1.3, 4.4, 5.2.3, 7.2.3 Glaxo Wellcome plc v. Commission, Case T-168/01, see Commission Decision, 8 May 2001, OJ 2001, L302/1, [2002] 4 CMLR 335 ...........2.7.1, 4.1.3, 4.1.4, 4.3, 7.2.2, 7.5.5 Gosmé/Martel — Vincent Gosmé SA v. Distribution Martell Piper SA (91/335/EEC), 15 May 1991, OJ 1991, L185/23, [1992] 5 CMLR 586, [1991] 2 CEC 2110........................................................................................7.4.4.2

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Gøttrup Klim Grovvareforeninger v. Dansk Landbrugs Grovvareselskab Amba, Case C-250/92, 15 December 1994, [1994] ECR I-5641, [1996] 4 CMLR 191, [1995] 1 CEC 461 .........................................................1.3.1 Greene King — see Roberts & Roberts v. Commission, Case T-25/99 Grosfillex Sàrl (Re the Agreement of) (64/233/EEC), 11 March 1964, OJ 915/64, [1964] CMLR 237, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 1, page 3 ..........................................................2.2, 2.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3.1 Groupement des Fabricants de Papiers Peints de Belgique, OJ 1974, L237/3, [1974] 2 CMLR D102. On appeal, Groupement des Fabricants de Papiers Peints de Belgique v. Commission, Case 73/74, 26 November 1975, [1975] ECR 1491, [1976] 1 CMLR 589, CMR 8335....................................2.8.5.1 Grundig II (85/404/EEC), 10 July 1985, OJ 1985, L233/1, [1988] 4 CMLR 865, CMR 10701 ................................................2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.3 Guérlain — Procureur de la République v. Giry and Guérlain and others, Cases 253/78 & 1-3/79, 10 July 1980, [1980] ECR 2327, [1981] 2 CMLR 99, CMR 8712 ..........................................................................3.2 Hasselblad (G.B.) Ltd. v. Commission, Case 86/82, 21 February 1984, [1984] ECR 883, [1984] 1 CMLR 559, CMR 14014................................2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.3, 2.8.5.1, 4.1.3, 7.4.4.2 Hauptzollamt Bremen-Freihafen v. Waren-Import-Gesellschaft Krohn & Co., Case 74/69, [1970] ECR 451, [1970] CMLR 466 ..............................................3.2 HB Ice Cream, OJ 1995, C211/4 ....................................................................5.1.1.1.4 Hennessy/Henkell, OJ 1980, L383/11, 11 December 1980, [1981] 1 CMLR 601 ......................................................................................2.8.5.1 Hercules Chemicals v. Commission, Case T-7/89, 17 December 1991, [1991] ECR II-1711, [1992] 4 CMLR 84, [1992] 1 CEC 207..................4.1.4, 6.1 Herlitz AG v. Commission, Case T-66/92, 14 July 1994, [1994] ECR II-531, [1995] 5 CMLR 458 .....................................................7.4.4.2 Hilti AG v. Commission, Case T-30/89, 12 December 1991, [1991] ECR II-1439, [1992] 4 CMLR 16, [1992] 1 CEC 155 ...........................2.9 Hoche (Joseph) and Roomboterafabriek “De Beste Boter” v. Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaftliche Marktordnung, Cases 154 and 155/83, 2 May 1985, [1985] ECR 1215, [1986] 2 CMLR 632..............................................................3.2 Hugin — Liptons Cash Registers and Business Equipment Ltd. v. Hugin Kassaregister AB (78/68/EEC), 8 December 1977, OJ 1978, L22/23, [1978] 1 CMLR D19, CMR 10007. On appeal, Hugin Kassaregister AB v. Commission, Case 22/78, 31 May 1979, [1979] ECR 1869, [1979] 3 CMLR 345, CMR 8524, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 5, page 415 .............................................................................................4.5 Hydrotherm Gerätebau GmbH v. Compact de Dott. Ing. Mario Andreoli e C. Sas, Case 170/83, 12 July 1984, [1984] ECR 2999, [1985] 3 CMLR 224, CMR 14112 ...................................................................1.1.1 IBM (personal computers), OJ 1984, L118/4, 18 April 1984, [1984] 2 CMLR 342 ......................................................................2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.3

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ICI v. Commission, OJ 1991, L152/21 and 40, 19 December 1990, [1994] 4 CMLR 645 ...................................................................................5.1.1.1.5 Ideal-Standard’s Distribution System, OJ 1985, L20/24, 10 December 1984, [1988] 4 CMLR 627 ...................................................................................2.8.1.2.1 IFTRA rules for producers of virgin aluminium, (75/497/EEC) 15 July 1975, OJ 1975, L228/3, [1975] CMLR D20 ....................................................4.1.1, 4.3.2 IFTRA rules on glass containers — Re European Glass Manufacturers (74/292/EEC), 15 May 1974, OJ 1974, L160/1, [1974] 2 CMLR D50, CMR 9658 ..............................................................................................4.1.1, 4.3.2 Inntrepreneur (Case IV/36.456/F3), 29 June 2000, OJ 2000, L195/49, [2000] 5 CMLR 948 (D) .................................................................7.5.2, 7.5.4, 7.7 Interlubke, Commission’s Fifteenth Report on Competition Policy (1985), page 66...........................................................................................2.8.1.2.2 Iridium, 18 December 1996, 97/39/EC, OJ 1997, L18/87, [1997] 4 CMLR 1065, [1997] CEC 2104 ...........................................................2.6 Irish Sugar, 14 May 1997, OJ 1997, L258/1, [1997] 5 CMLR 666, [1997] CEC 2380. On appeal to CFI, Irish Sugar plc v. Commission, Case T-228/97, 7 October 1999, [1999] ECR II-2969, [1999] 5 CMLR 1300. On appeal to ECJ, Case C-477/99P, 10 July 2001, [2001] ECR I-5333, [2001] 5 CMLR 29 .....................................................................................5.1.1.1.5 Istituto Chemioterapico Italiano SpA and Commercial Solvents Corp. v. Commission, Cases 6 & 7/73, 6 March 1974, [1974] ECR 223, [1974] 1 CMLR 309, CMR 8209 ........................................................................6.3 Ivoclar, OJ 1985, L369/1, 27 November 1985, [1988] 4 CMLR 781 ..................................................................................................2.8.1.2.2 Javico International and Javico AG v.Yves Saint Laurent Parfums SA, Case C-306/96, 28 April 1998, [1998] ECR I-1983, [1998] 5 CMLR 172, [1998] CEC 813............................................................................2.6, 4.1.2, 7.4.4.2 John Deere Ltd. v. Commission, (85/79/EEC), 14 December 1984, OJ 1985, L35/58, [1985] 2 CMLR 554, CMR 10652 ......................................4.1.1 Junghans GmbH (Re the Agreement of Gebrder) (77/100/EEC), 26 December 1976, OJ 1977, L30/10, [1977] 1 CMLR D82, CMR 9912 ........................................................................2.8.1.2.1, 2.8.1.2.2, 6.1.3 Kali und Salz/Mdk/Treuhand (Case IV/M.308), 14 December 1993, OJ 1993, L395/1, [1994] 4 CMLR 526, [1994] 2 CEC 2090, Merger Reporter B178, p. 1282.1. On appeal, France v. Commission, Cases C-68/94 and 30/95, 31 March 1998, [1998] ECR I-1375, [1998] ECR I-1453, [1998] 4 CMLR 829.........................................1.3.2, 3.4.13.7 La Maison des Bibliotheques, 12 January 1984, [1984] 1 CMLR 261, Commission’s Fourteenth Report on Competition Policy, paragraph 68 .................................................................................................4.3.1.2 Lancôme — SA Lancôme and Cosparfrance Nederland BV v. Etos BV and Albert Heijn Supermart BV, Case 99/79, 10 July 1980, [1980] ECR 2511, [1981] 2 CMLR 164, CMR 8714 ....................................2.5.1, 2.7.2, 2.8.1.2.3, 3.2

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xxiii

Langnese-Iglo GmbH & Co. KG, Mars GmbH v. Commission (93/406/EEC), 23 December 1992, OJ 1993, L183/19, [1994] 4 CMLR 51, [1993] 1 CEC 2123. On appeal, Langnese-Iglo GmbH & Co. KG, Case T-7/93, 8 June 1995, [1995] ECR II-1533, [1995] 5 CMLR 602, [1995] 2 CEC 217. The final appeal did not consider much of the substance, C-279/95P, 1 October 1998, [1998] ECR I-5609, [1998] 5 CMLR 933 ..............................................................................1.2.5.1, 2.5, 2.6, 2.13, 3.2, 5.1.1.1.4, 5.2.1.1, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.3, 7.2.6, 7.2.6.1, 7.4.4.3.1 Leclerc — Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc v. Commission, supported by Givenchy, Case T-19/92, 12 December 1996, [1996] ECR II-1851, [1997] 4 CMLR 995, [1997] CEC 727, appeal from Parfums Givenchy, OJ 1992, L236/11, [1993] 5 CMLR 579, [1992] 2 CEC 2193...........................................2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.2.4, 6.1.3, 7.4.4.3.2 Levi Strauss & Co. and another v. Tesco, Case C-415/99, 20 November 2001, [2002] 1 CMLR 1 .............................................................................................4.1.4 Liebig Spices, OJ 1978, L53/20 .......................................................................7.4.4.3.1 L’Oréal v. De Nieuwe AMCK, Case 31/80, 11 December 1980, [1980] ECR 3775, [1981] 2 CMLR 235...........................................2.7.3, 2.8.1.2.2 Luttikhuis, H.G. Oude and Others v. Verenigde Cooperatiëve Melkindustrie Coberco, Case C-399/93, 12 December 1995, [1995] ECR I-4515, [1996] 5 CMLR 178 .........................................................................................3.4.7 Masterfoods Ltd and HB Ice Cream v. Commission C-344/98, 14 December 2000, [2000] ECR I-11369, [2001] 4 CMLR 449 .................................................................................2.5.1, 3.2, 5.1.1.1.4 Matra Hachette v. Commission, Case T-17/93, 15 July 1994, [1994] ECR II-595, [1995] 1 CEC 3.............................................2.1, 2.5.2, 2.7.2, 2.8.5.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.5 Meng (Wolf W.), Case C-2/91, 17 November 1993, [1993] ECR I-5751........................................................................................2.8.5.3 Merck & Co. Inc. v. Paranova Pharmazeutika Handels GmbH, Case C-443/99, 12 July 2001, Opinion Advocate General Jacobs, [2001] ETMR 99 .................................................................................................2.3 Merck & Co. Inc. v. Primecrown Limited, Joined Cases C-267 & 268/95, 5 December 1996, [1996] ECR I-6285, [1997] 1 CMLR 83, [1997] 1 CEC 261......................................................................................2.3, 7.2.2 Merck & Co. Inc. v. Stephar BV, Case 187/80, 14 July 1981, [1981] ECR 2063, [1981] 3 CMLR 463..............................................................2.3 Metaleurope (IV/32.846), 26 June 1990, OJ 1990, L191/41, [1991] 4 CMLR 222, [1990] 2 CEC 2033 ....................................................2.4.1.2 Metro I — Metro v. Commission, Case 26/76, 25 October 1977, [1977] ECR 1875, [1978] 2 CMLR 1, CMR 8435...................2.8, 2.8.1.1, 2.8.1.2, 2.8.1.2.1, 2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.2.3, 2.8.1.3, 2.8.5.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3

xxiv

TABLE OF CASES

Metro II — Metro-SB-Großmärkte GmbH & Co. KG v. Commission, Case 75/84, 22 October 1986, [1986] ECR 3021, [1987] 1 CMLR 118, CMR 14326 ............1.2.3.2, 1.2.5.3, 2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.3, 4.1.4 Métropole Télévision SA (M6) and Others v. Commission, Case T-112/99, 18 September 2001, [2001] 5 CMLR 1236.......................2.6, 2.7.2, 2.7.3, 3.4.9.1, 3.4.13.7, 4.1.3, 5.2.4, 7.2.3, 7.4.4.3.1, 7.4.5, 8 Michelin — Bandengroothandel Frieschebrug BV v. Nederlandsche Banden-Industrie Michelin NV (81/969/EEC), 7 October 1981, OJ 1981, L353/33, [1982] 1 CMLR 643, CMR 10340; on appeal, Nederlandsche Banden-Industrie Michelin v. Commission, Case 322/81, 9 November 1983, [1983] ECR 3461, [1985] 1 CMLR 282, CMR 14031 .................................................................1.2.1.2.6, 3.4.13.7, 5.1.1.1.5 Micro Leader Business v. Commission, T-198/98, 16 December 1999, [1999] ECR II-3989, [2000] 4 CMLR 886, [2000] CEC 540 ............4.1.4, 7.4.4.2 Miller International Schallplatten GmbH v. Commission, Case 19/77, 1 February 1978, [1978] ECR 131, [1978] 2 CMLR 334, CMR 8439 ................................................................2.7.1, 3.2, 4.1.1, 7.2.2, 7.4.4.2 Moosehead/Whitbread (90/186/EEC), 23 March 1990, OJ 1990, L100/32, [1991] 4 CMLR 391, [1990] 1 CEC 2127 ........................................3.4.8, 3.4.10.2 Murat, OJ 1983, L348/10, 5 December 1983, [1984] 1 CMLR 219.............2.8.1.2.1 Neste Markkinointi Oy v. Yötuuli Ky and Others, Case C-214/99, 7 December 2000, [2000] ECR I-1121, [2001] 4 CMLR 993, [2001] CEC 54....................................................2.4.1.1, 2.7.3, 5.1.1.1.1, 5.1.1.1.3, 5.2.1.1, 7.2.3, 7.2.3.2, 7.2.6.5.1, 7.7 New Holland Ford Ltd. v. Commission, Case C-7/95P, 28 May 1998, [1998] ECR I-3111, [1998] 5 CMLR 311, [1998] CEC 611......................3.4.13.1 NMH Stahlwerke and Others v. Commission, 19 June 1996, Cases T- 134/94, [1996] ECR II-537, [1997] 5 CMLR 227 .....................................................7.2.6.2 Nungesser (L.G.) KG and Kurt Eisele v. Commission, Case 258/78, 8 June 1982, [1982] ECR 2015, [1983] 1 CMLR 278, CMR 8805 ...................................................................2.7.1, 2.7.2, 4.3, 7.4.4.3.1, 8 Nutra Sweet, Commission’s Eighteenth Annual Report on Competition Policy (1988), point 53 .........................................................................................5.1.1.1.6 Nutricia — Re the Agreements of Verenigde Bedrijven Nutricia NV (83/670/EEC), 12 December 1983, OJ 1983, L376/22, [1984] 2 CMLR 165, CMR 10567 ...................................................................2.7.2 Odin — Elopak/Metal Box-Odin Developments Ltd., 13 July 1990, OJ 1990, L209/15, [1991] 4 CMLR 832, [1990] 2 CEC 2066...........................................2.6 Ohra — Officier van Justitie v. Ohra Shadeverzekeringen, Case C-245/91, 17 November 1993, [1993] ECR I-5851 ...........................................................2.8.5.3 Olivetti/Digital, 11 November 1994, OJ 1994, L309/24, [1995] 1 CEC 2082..............................................................................................2.6 Omega, OJ 1970, L242/22, 28 October 1970, [1970] CMLR D49 ........................................................................................2.8.1.3

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Opel (Netherlands), OJ 2001, L59/1, 20 September 2000, [2001] CEC 2217..........................................................................2.1, 4.1.3, 7.6.3.3 Organnon, 1997 International Company and Commercial Law Review 44-45 .......................................................................................................4.3 Oscar Bronner GmbH & Co. KG v. Mediaprint Zeitungs-und Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH & Co. KG and others, Case C-7/97, 26 November 1998, [1998] ECR I-7817, [1999] 4 CMLR 112, [1999] CEC 53......................1.2.1.2.5 Parfums Marcel Rochas Vertriebs-GmbH v. Bitsch, Case 1/70, 30 June 1970, [1970] ECR 515, [1971] CMLR 104, CMR 8102 ..............................................6.4 Parfums Yves Saint Laurent, Case T-19/92, 12 December 1996, [1996] ECR II-1851 ......................................2.8.1.2.1, 2.8.1.2.3, 2.8.1.2.4, 2.8.1.5 Pavlov and Another v. Stichting Pensioensfonds Medische Specialisten, Case C-180/98, 12 September 2000, [2000] ECR I-6451 [2001] 4 CMLR 30 ...........................................................................................2.8.4 Perfumes, Commission’s Fourth Report on Competition Policy (1974), page 60, paragraph 94 .................................................................................................2.8.1.3 Perfumes — Procureur de la République v. Giry and Guérlain, Case 253/78 & 1-3/79, 10 July 1980, [1980] ECR 2327, [1981] 2 CMLR 99, CMR 8712 .....2.5.1 Philip Morris/Tabacalera (JV), 23 February 2001, IP/01/249 ............................2.5.2 Pittsburgh Corning Europe/Formica Belgium/Hertel (72/403/EEC), 23 November 1972, OJ 1972, L272/35, [1973] CMLR D2, CMR 9539, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 2, page 361 ...............1.1.2, 2.8.4 Pronuptia de Paris SA Agreements (IV/31.498), 17 December 1989, [1989] 4 CMLR 355 ......................................................................................7.2.4.2 Pronuptia de Paris GmbH v. Pronuptia de Paris Irmgard Schillgalis, Case 161/84, 29 January 1986, [1986] ECR 353, [1986] 1 CMLR 414, CMR 14245 ....................................1.1.5, 1.2.4.1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.7.2, 2.8.1.3, 2.8.2, 2.8.5.1, 2.9, 3.4.9.2, 3.4.10.2, 4.2.3, 4.3, 4.4, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 7.2.3, 7.2.4.2, 7.4.4, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3.1 Publishers’ Association v. Commission, Case C-360/92P, 17 January 1995, [1995] ECR I-23, [1995] 5 CMLR 33, [1995] 1 CEC 355..............................7.2.2 RAI/UNITEL — Re Unitel Film-und Fernseh-Produktionsgesellschaft mbH & Co. (78/516/EEC), 26 May 1978, OJ 1978, L157/39, [1978] 3 CMLR 306, CMR 10054, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 6, page 3 .................................................................................................7.2 Reiff — Bundesanstalt fur den Güterfernverkehr v. Gebruder Reiff GmbH & Co. KG, Case C-185/91, 17 November 1993, [1993] ECR I-5801, [1995] 5 CMLR 145.....................................................2.8.5.3 Remia BV and Verenigde Bedrijven Nutricia v. Commission, Case 42/84, 11 July 1985, [1985] ECR 2545, [1987] 1 CMLR 1, CMR 14217. Appeal from the Agreements of Verenigde Bedrijven Nutricia NV, OJ 1983, L376/22, [1984] 2 CMLR 165.........................2.7.2, 4.1.3, 5.1.1.1.1, 5.1.1.1.3, 6.1, 7.4.4, 7.4.4.3.1

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Rennet (80/234/EEC), 5 December 1979, OJ 1980, L51/19, [1980] 2 CMLR 559, CMR 10188, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 6, page 467 ................................................................................1.3.1, 3.4.7 Rewe/Meinl AG — Rewe Internationale Beteiligsgesellschaft mbh, Rewe-Verkaufsgesellschaft mbh and Julius Meinl AG, Case IV/M.1221, 3 February 1999, OJ 1999, L 274/1, [2000] 5 CMLR 256 ...........................1.2.3.2 Rich Products/Jus-Rol, 22 December 1987, OJ 1988, L69/21 [1981] 4 CMLR 527, CMR 10925 ......................................................................2.9 Rieckerman (68/376/EEC), 6 November 1968, OJ L276/25, [1968] CMLR D78, CMR 9267, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 1, page 165 ....................................................................................7.4.4.3.1 Roberts & Roberts v. Commission, Case T-25/99, 5 July 2001, [2001] ECR II-1881, [2001] 5 CMLR 828 .................2.4.1.1, 2.7.3, 3.2, 5.1.1.1.1, 5.1.1.1.3, 5.1.1.1.4, 5.2.1.1, 5.2.4, 7.2.3, 7.2.3.2, 7.2.6.5.1, 7.7 SABA — Schwarzwälder Apparate-Nau-Anstalt August Schwer & Söne GmbH (76/159/EEC), 15 December 1978, OJ 1976, L28/19, [1976] 1 CMLR D61, CMR 9802, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 4, page 193. Appeal sub nom. Metro ..............................2.8.1.1, 2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.2.3, 2.8.1.3, 2.8.5.1 SABA II — (83/671/EEC), OJ 1983, L376/41, 21 December 1983, [1984] 1 CMLR 676, CMR 10568 ................................................2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.3 Salonia v. Poidomani, Case 126/80, 16 June 1981, [1981] ECR 1563, [1982] 1 CMLR 64, CMR 8758 ....................................................................2.8.1.6 Sandoz Prodotti Farmaceutici SpA v. Commission, Case C-277/87, 11 January 1990, [1990] ECR I-45, [1990] 4 CMLR 242...............................4.1.4 Schöller Lebensmittel GmbH & Co. KG., Case 93/406, 23 December 1992, OJ 1993, L183/1, [1994] 4 CMLR 51, [1993] 2 CEC 2101.......................5.1.1.1.4 Sebago Inc. and Ancienne Maison Dubois & Fils SA v. G-B Unic SA, Case 137/98, 1 July 1999, [1999] ECR I-4103, [1999] 2 CMLR 1317, [1999] CEC 273.............................................................................................7.4.4.2 Service pour le Groupement d’Acquisitions (SGA) v. Commission, Case C-39/00, appealing CFI judgment of 13 December 1999, Joined Cases T-189/95, T39/96 and T-123/96, [1999] ECR II-3587, [2001] 4 CMLR 215..............7.6.3.1 Shaw v. Commission, Case T-131/99, 21 March 2002...........................................7.7 Shell v. Commission (Polypropylene), Case T-11/89, 10 March 1992, [1992] ECR II-757 ........................................................................................7.3.1.1 Shotton Paper Co., OJ 1990, C106/3, [1990] 4 CMLR 596, Commission’s Twentieth Report on Competition Policy (1990), paragraph 93................5.1.1.1.6 SICASOV, (99/6/EC), 14 December 1988, OJ 1999, L4/27, [1999] 4 CMLR 192, [1999] CEC 2020 ..........................................................2.7.1 Silhouette International Schmied GmbH & Co. KG v. Hartlauer Handelsgesellschaft GmbH, Case C-355/96, 16 July 1998, [1998] ECR I-4799, [1998] 2 CMLR 953, [1998] CEC 676.................2.3, 7.4.4.2

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xxvii

SMM&T Exhibition Agreement, 5 December 1983, OJ 1983, L376/1, [1984] 1 CMLR 611, CMR 10552 .............................................................1.2.4.1.2 SOCEMAS, 17 July 1968, OJ 1968, L201/4, [1968] CMLR D28, CMR 9520, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 1, page 113 .............................7.4.4.3.1 Société de Vente de Ciments et Bétons de l’Est SA v. Kerpen & Kerpen GmbH & Co. KG, Case 319/82, 14 December 1983, [1983] ECR 4173, [1985] 1 CMLR 511, CMR 14043 ...............................................2.4, 5.1.2, 7.4.4.2 Société La Technique Minière v. Maschinenbau Ulm GmbH, Case 56/65, 30 June 1966, [1966] ECR 235, [1966] CMLR 357, CMR 8047 ...............2.1, 2.2, 2.7, 2.7.2, 2.7.3, 2.8.1.2.3, 5.1.2, 7.4.4.3.1, 8, 8.2 Soda Ash — Solvay, ICI Solvay et Cie. v. Commission, 90/299 and 300/EEC, (91/297/EEC) 19 December 1990, OJ 1991, L152/1, [1994] 4 CMLR 454, [1991] 2 CEC 2003.....................................................................................5.1.1.1.5 Solvay et Cie. v. Commission — see Soda Ash SPAR — Re Intergroup Trading BV (75/482/EEC), 14 July 1975, OJ 1975, L212/23, [1975] 2 CMLR D14, CMR 9759...........................1.3.1, 3.4.7, 7.4.4.3.1 Spring, Case IV/36.492/F3, 29 June 2000, OJ 2000, L195/49, [2000] 5 CMLR 948 ........................................................................7.5.2, 7.5.4, 7.7 SPRL Erauw-Jacquery (Louis) Sprl v. La Hesbignonne Société Coopérative, Case 27/87, 19 April 1988, [1988] ECR 1919, [1988] 4 CMLR 576, [1989] 2 CEC 637................................................................................7.2.2, 7.4.4.1 Stauder v. Ulm, Case 29/69, 12 November 1969, [1969] ECR 419, [1970] CMLR 112, CMR 8077 ...........................................................................3.2 Stichting Certificatie Kraanverhuurbedrijf (SCK) and Federatie van Nederlandse Kraanbedrijven (FNK) v. Commission, Joined Cases T-213/95 and T-18/96, 22 October 1997, [1997] ECR II-1739, [1998] 4 CMLR 259, [1997] CEC 1324...........................................................................................7.2.6.3 Stremsel — Cooperatieve Stremsel-en Kleurselfabriek v. Commission, Case 61/80, 25 March 1981, [1981] ECR 851, [1982] 1 CMLR 240, CMR 8709 ...........................................................1.3.1, 3.4.7 Sugar cartel cases — Re the European Sugar Cartel: Cooperatiëve Vereniging ‘Suiker Unie’ UA v. Commission, Cases 40-48, 50, 54-56, 111 & 113-114/73, 16 December 1975, [1975] ECR 1663, [1976] 1 CMLR 295, CMR 8334 .............................................................1.1.2, 2.8.4, 3.2, 5.1.1.1.5, 7.4.2 Swatch Watches — see ETA Fabriques d’ébauches v. SA DK Investment and others Télémarketing — Centre Belge d’Etudes du Marché-Télémarketing SA (CBEM v. Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, Case 311/84, 3 October 1985, [1985] ECR 3261, [1986] 2 CMLR 558, CMR 14246 ............2.9 Tepea BV v. Commission, Case 28/77, 20 June 1978, [1978] ECR 1391, [1978] 3 CMLR 392, CMR 8467 ..................................................................7.4.4.1 Tetra Pak (88/501/EEC), 26 July 1988, OJ 1988, L272/27, [1990] 4 CMLR 47, CMR 11015. On appeal, Tetra Pak Rausing SA v. Commission, Case T-51/89, 10 July 1990, [1990] ECR II-309, [1991] 4 CMLR 334, [1990] 2 CEC 409.....................................1.1.1, 2.5, 3.1, 3.3, 3.4.13.7, 6.1, 7.2.6.1

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Tetra Pak Rausing SA v. Commission (No. 2), Case T-83/91, 6 October 1994, [1994] ECR II-755, [1997] 4 CMLR 726, [1995] 1 CEC 34 .............................2.9 Tiercé Ladbroke v. Commission, Case T-504/93, 12 June 1997, [1997] ECR II-923, [1997] 5 CMLR 309, [1997] CEC 812 ...............2.3, 3.4.10.1 Tipp-ex, 10 July 1987, OJ 1987, L222/1, [1989] 4 CMLR 425, CMR 10899. On appeal, Case C-279/87 [1990] ECR I-261 .............................................4.3.1.2 UIP — Re the Application of United International Pictures BV (89/467/EEC), 12 July 1989, OJ 1989, L226/25, [1990] 4 CMLR 749, [1989] 2 CEC 2019........................................................................................7.3.1.1 UK Agricultural Tractor Registration Exchange (92/157/EEC), 17 February 1992, OJ 1992, L68/19, [1993] 4 CMLR 358, [1992] 1 CEC 2126......................3.4.13.1 UNIDI, OJ 1975, L228/14, 17 July 1975, [1975] 2 CMLR D51. Exemption renewed, OJ 1984, L322/10, 23 November 1984, [1985] 2 CMLR 38.....1.2.4.1.2 United Brands Company v. Commission, Case 27/76, 14 February 1978, [1978] ECR 207, [1978] 1 CMLR 429, CMR 8429............................7.2.5.4, 8.2.1 Vaessen BV v. Moris and Alex Moris Pvba (79/86/EEC), 10 January 1979, OJ 1979, L19/32, [1979] 1 CMLR 511, CMR 10107, EEC Competition Law Reporter, volume 6, page 315.....................................................................2.9 Van den Bergh Foods Ltd., OJ 1998, L246/1, 11 March 1998, [1998] 5 CMLR 530 ...................................................................................5.1.1.1.4 Van den Bergh Foods v. Commission, Case T-65/98R, 7 July 1998, [1998] ECR II-2641, [1998] 5 CMLR 475 .....................................................7.2.6 Van Eycke (Pascal) v. ASPA NV, Case 267/86, 21 September 1988, [1988] ECR 4769, [1990] 4 CMLR 330, [1990] 1 CEC 293..............2.8.5.3, 4.2.4 Van Landewyck and Others v. Commission, Cases 209-215/78 and 218/78, 29 October 1980, [1980] ECR 3125, [1981] 3 CMLR 134, CMR 5687..............4.1.4 Van Megen Sports Group BV v. Commission, Case T-49/95, 11 December 1996, [1996] ECR II-1799, [1997] 4 CMLR 843 ..................7.4.4.2 VBVB and VBBB v. Commission, Joined Cases 43/82 and 63/82, 17 January 1984, [1984] ECR 19, [1985] 1 CMLR 27, CMR 14042...................2.8.5, 2.8.5.2, 2.8.5.3, 6.1, 7.4.5 Velcro SA v. Aplix SA (85/410/EEC), 12 July 1985, OJ 1985, L233/22, [1989] 4 CMLR 157, CMR 10719 ......................................................................2.9 Vichy, OJ 1991, L75/57 ........................................2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.2.4, 2.8.1.3, 2.8.1.6 Vichy — Société d’Hygiène de Vichy v. Commission, Case T-19/91, 7 June 1991, [1992] ECR II-415, [1993] 1 CEC 312 ................2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.2.4 Viho v. Commission, Case C-73/95P, 24 October 1996, [1996] ECR I-5457, [1997] 4 CMLR 419....................................1.1.1, 6.3, 7.3.1.1 Villeroy & Boch KG and Villeroy & Boch Sàrl (Re the Agreements of) (85/616/EEC), 16 December 1985, OJ 1985, L376/15, [1988] 4 CMLR 461, CMR 10758 .........................................1.2.6.1, 2.8.1.2, 2.8.1.2.1, 2.8.1.2.3, 2.8.1.3 Vitamins — Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG v. Commission, Case 85/76, 13 February 1979, [1979] ECR 461, [1979] 3 CMLR 211, CMR 8527 ........................................................5.1, 5.1.1.1.5

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xxix

Völk v. Ets J. Vervaecke Sprl, Case 5/69, 9 July 1969, [1969] ECR 295, [1969] CMLR 273, CMR 8074 ..........................2.4.1, 2.4.1.1, 2.4.1.3, 7.3, 7.4.4.2 Volkswagen, OJ 1998, L124/60, 28 January 1998, [1998] 5 CMLR 33, [1998] CEC 2189.................................................................................2.8.5.4, 4.1.4 Volkswagen AG v. Commission, Case T-62/98, 6 July 2000, [2000] ECR II-2707, [2000] 5 CMLR 853 ............................2.8.5.4, 4.1.4, 7.6.3.1 Volkswagen Passat, OJ 2001, L262/14, 29 June 2001, [2001] 5 CMLR 1309, [2001] CEC 2755..........................................................2.8.5.4, 4.1.3, 4.2.1, 7.6.3.5 Volvo AB v. Erik Veng (UK) Ltd., Case 238/87, 5 October 1988, [1988] ECR 6211, [1989] 4 CMLR 122, CMR 14498................................3.4.13.4 Walt Wilhelm v. Bundeskartellamt, Case 14/68, 13 February 1969, [1969] ECR 1, [1969] CMLR 100, CMR 8056...................................6.1.2, 7.2.6.4 Warner Bros. and Metronome v. Christiansen, Case 158/86, 17 May 1988, [1988] ECR 2605, [1990] 1 CEC 33, CMR 14497 .........................................................................................................2.3 Whitbread (99/230/EC), 24 February 1999, OJ 1999, L88/26. [1999] 5 CMLR 118 .....................................................................................2.6, 7.7 Windsurfing International Inc. v. Commission, Case 193/83, 25 February 1986, [1986] ECR 611, [1986] 3 CMLR 489, CMR 14271 .....................................................................................2.1, 2.4, 2.8.5.1 Witt v. Hauptzollamt Hamburg-Ericus, Case 149/73, 12 December 1973, [1973] ECR 1587.................................................................................................3.2 World Wide Fund for Nature v. Commission, Case T-105/95, 5 March 1997, [1997] ECR II-313, [1997] 2 CMLR 55, [1997] CEC 615...................................................................................................3.2 Yves Rocher, 17 December 1986, OJ 1987, L8/49, [1988] 4 CMLR 592, CMR 10855 .............................................................................................................7.2.4.2 Yves Saint Laurent Parfums, OJ 1991, C320/11, 20 December 1990, [1991] 4 CMLR 163 ......................................................2.8.1.2, 2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.2.3 Yves Saint Laurent Parfums, OJ 1992, L12/24, 16 December 1991, [1993] 4 CMLR 120 ......................................................................................2.8.1.3 Yves Saint Laurent Perfume, 17 May 2001, IP/01/713 ..........2.5, 2.8.1.3, 4.3.1, 5.2.3 Zino Davidoff SA v. A&G Imports Ltd, Levi Strauss v. Costco Wholesale UK Ltd, Joined Cases C-414/99 to C-416/99, 20 November 2001, [2002] 1 CMLR 1 .........................................................................2.3, 4.1.4, 7.4.4.2

N ATIONAL

Australia Re Tooth & Co. Ltd, Australian Trade Practices Tribunal, (1979) ATPR 40 ............................................................................................1.2.5.3

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Germany Fertigfutter (Pet Foods), WuW (OLG) 2463, Berlin Court of Appeal (1980).............................................................................................5.1.1.1.5

Ireland Masterfoods Ltd. v. HB Ice Cream Ltd (High Court), 28 May 1992, [1992] 3 CMLR 830 ...................................................................................5.1.1.1.4

New Zealand Fisher & Peykell, [1990] NZAR 241, (1990) 3 NZBLC 101, 655..................2.8.1.2.2 Re Fisher & Peykell Ltd (No. 2), (1989) 2 NZBLC (Com) 104, 377.............2.8.1.2.2

United Kingdom Cigarette Filter Rods, 23 July 1969, 1968-69, HC 335......................................7.2.5.2 Gibbs Mew Plc and Gemmel (CA), [1999] ECC 97, [1998] European Law Review 588 .........................................................................................2.5, 4.1.1 Holleran v. Thwaites Plc (ChD), 1 July 1988, [1989] 2 CMLR 917....................2.5.1 Report of the Competition Commission on Supermarkets: the supply of groceries from multiple stores in the United Kingdom, 10 October 2000, Cm 4842..............................................................................1.3.2 Report of the Monopolies and Mergers Commission on Discounts to Retailers, 1981 HC 311........................................................................1.2.3.2, 1.3.2 Report of the Monopolies and Mergers Commission on Parallel Pricing, June 1973, Cmnd 5330 .................................................................................1.2.3.2 Report of the Monopolies and Mergers Commission on the Supply of Fire Insurance, August 1972, HCP 396................................................................2.8.1.6 Report of the Monopolies and Mergers Commission on the Supply of Petrol to Retailers in the United Kingdom, 1965, HC 264.....................1.2, 1.2.5.2

United States Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus, 210 US 339 (1908).............................................3.4.10.1 Business Electronics Corp. v. Sharp Electronics Corp., 485 US 717 (1988).........4.1.4 Continental TV Inc. v. G.T.E. Sylvania Inc., 433 US 36, 53 L Ed 2d 568, 97 S Ct 2549, (1977). On remand to Californian CA, 694 F 2d 1132 (1982) ...................................................................1.2.4.1.3, 1.4, 4.3

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Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc., 504 U.S. 451, 119 L Ed 2d 265, 112 S Ct 2072, (1992)..............................................3.4.13.4, 4.5 Jefferson Parish Hospital Dist. No. 2 v. Hyde, 466 US 2, 104 S Ct 1551, 80 L Ed 2d 2 (1984).........................................................................1.4 , 2.9, 3.4.13 Jerrold Electronics v. US, 187 F Supp 545 (ED Pa) 1960........................................2.9 Kahn v. State Oil, 522 US 3, 118 S Ct 275 (1997)...............................................4.2.2 Monsanto v. Spray-Rite Service Corp., 465 US 752, 79 L Ed 2d 775 104 S.Ct. 1464, (1984) ..............................................................................2.1, 4.1.4 Softman Products Co. LLC v. Adobe Systems Inc., Case No. CV00-04161 DPP (AJWx)................................................................................................3.4.10.1 US v. Arnold Schwinn & Co., 388 US 365 (1967) ..................................................4.3

Table of Legislation EUROPEAN

EC Treaty, 25 March 1957 as consolidated up to 1992, OJ 1992, C224 Art 2 ...............................................................................................................1.2.3.1 Art 3(g) .............................................................................................................4.2.4 Art 10 (ex Art 5) ..........................................................2.5.1, 2.8.5.3, 4.2.4, 7.2.6.4 Art 28 (ex Art 30)................................................................................................2.3 Art 30 (ex Art 36)................................................................................................2.3 Art 81 (ex Art 85) .................................1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.2, 1.2.1.2.4, 1.2.1.2.6, 1.2.2, 1.2.4.1.2, 1.2.6.2, 1.3.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.4.1, 2.4.1.2, 2.4.1.3, 2.4.2, 2.5, 2.5.1, 2.5.2, 2.6, 2.7, 2.7.1, 2.7.2, 2.8, 2.8.1.1, 2.8.1.2, 2.8.1.2.1, 2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.2.3, 2.8.1.2.4, 2.8.1.3, 2.8.1.4, 2.8.1.6, 2.8.2, 2.8.4, 2.8.5.1, 2.8.5.3, 2.9, 2.12, 2.13, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.4.7, 3.4.9.2.2, 3.4.9.2.3, 3.4.10.1, 3.4.10.2, 3.4.12, 3.4.13.7, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.4, 4.2.1, 4.2.3, 4.2.5, 4.3, 4.3.3, 4.4, 4.6.3, 4.6.4, 5.1.1.1.1, 5.1.1.1.2, 5.1.1.1.3, 5.1.1.1.4, 5.1.1.1.5, 5.1.1.1.6, 5.1.1.2, 5.2.1.1, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.2.1.2, 7.2.1.3, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.3.1, 7.2.3.2, 7.2.4.2, 7.2.5.2, 7.2.5.4, 7.2.6, 7.2.6.2, 7.2.6.3, 7.2.6.5, 7.2.6.5.1, 7.3, 7.3.1, 7.3.1.1, 7.3.1.2, 7.3.1.3, 7.3.2, 7.3.4, 7.4.1, 7.4.2, 7.4.3, 7.4.4, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3, 7.4.4.3.1, 7.4.4.3.2, 7.4.4.4, 7.4.5, 7.5.1, 7.5.2, 7.5.3, 7.5.5, 7.6.1, 7.6.1.5, 7.6.3, 7.6.3.1, 7.6.3.3, 7.6.3.6, 7.7, 8, 8.2, 8.4, 8.6 Art 81(1) .........................1.1.1, 1.2.1.2.6, 1.2.2, 1.3.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.4.1, 2.4.1.3, 2.4.2, 2.5, 2.5.1, 2.5.2, 2.6, 2.7, 2.7.1, 2.7.2, 2.8, 2.8.1.1, 2.8.1.2, 2.8.1.2.1, 2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.1.2.3, 2.8.1.2.4, 2.8.1.3, 2.8.1.4, 2.8.1.6, 2.8.2, 2.8.4, 2.8.5.1, 2.8.5.3, 2.9, 2.12, 2.13, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4.3, 3.4.7, 3.4.9.2.2, 3.4.10.1, 3.4.10.2, 3.4.13.7, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.4, 4.2.3, 4.2.5, 4.3.3, 4.4, 4.6.3, 4.6.4, 5.1.1.1.1, 5.1.1.1.3, 5.1.1.1.4, 5.1.1.1.5, 5.1.1.1.6, 5.2.1.1, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.2.1.2, 7.2.1.3, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.3.2, 7.2.4.2, 7.2.5.2, 7.2.5.4, 7.2.6.2, 7.2.6.3, 7.2.6.5, 7.2.6.5.1, 7.3, 7.3.1, 7.3.1.1, 7.3.1.2, 7.3.2, 7.4.1, 7.4.2, 7.4.3, 7.4.4, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3, 7.4.4.3.1, 7.4.4.3.2, 7.4.5, 7.5.5, 7.6.1, 7.6.3.1, 7.6.3.3, 7.6.3.6, 7.7, 8, 8.4, 8.6 Art 81(2) ..............................................................1.2.2, 2.1, 2.5, 5.1.2, 7.1, 7.2.1.3, 7.2.5, 7.2.5.4, 7.3, 7.3.2, 7.4.5, 7.5.1

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Art 81(3) ................................................1.2.2, 1.2.6.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7.2, 2.8.2, 2.12, 3.4.4, 5.1.1.1.4, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.2.1.3, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.3.1, 7.2.4.2, 7.2.5.2, 7.2.6, 7.2.6.3, 7.2.6.5, 7.3, 7.3.1, 7.3.1.1, 7.3.1.3, 7.3.4, 7.4.1, 7.4.2, 7.4.3, 7.4.4, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3.2, 7.4.4.4, 7.4.5, 7.5.1, 7.5.2, 7.5.3, 7.6.1.5, 7.6.3, 7.7, 8 Art 82 (ex Art 86).....................................1.1.1, 1.2.1.2.4, 1.2.1.2.6, 1.3.2, 2.4.1.2, 2.5.1, 2.9, 3.1, 3.3, 3.4.7, 3.4.12, 3.4.13.4, 3.4.13.7, 4.1.4, 5.1.1.1.4, 5.1.1.1.5, 5.1.1.2, 7.2.5.4, 7.3.1.1, 7.4.5, 8.2 Art 230 (ex Art 173) ...............................................................................2.2, 2.8.1.6 Art 234 (ex Art 177) ..........................................................................2.8.1.6, 3.4.11 Art 249 (ex Art 189)............................................................................................3.2 Art 253 (ex Art 190)............................................................................................2.2 Brussels Convention 1968, Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, 27 September 1968, OJ 1998, C27/1; Council Regulation 44/2001, 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, OJ 2001, L12/1...........................................7.3.4

Subordinate Legislation

Directives Directive 86/653 — Council Directive 86/653/EEC on the coordination of the laws of Member States relating to self-employed commercial agents, 18 December 1986, OJ 1986, L382/17, [1987] CLE 185 ..................................................................................1.1.2, 2.8.4 Regulations Council Regulation 17/62 — Main implementing Regulation, OJ Spec Ed, 1959–62, 87; 21 February 1962, OJ 1962, L13/204 ..............2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 2.5.1, 2.7.2, 2.10, 2.11, 6.1, 6.1.2, 7.2.6.2, 7.3, 7.4.5, 7.5.1, 7.5.2, 7.5.4, 7.5.5, 8.2 Commission Regulation 27/62 — Form, content and other details concerning applications and notification and complaints, 10 May 1962, OJ Spec Ed, 1962, 35/1112, since replaced by Commission Regulation 3385/94, 21 December 1994, OJ 1994, L377/28, [1995] 5 CMLR 507 ......................2.10 Commission Regulation 153/62 — Reglement No. 153 de la Commission completant et modifiant le Reglement No. 27 du 3 Mai 1962, 24 December 1962, OJ 1962, 139/2918, amending Regulation 27 (in French only)...................................................................................2.8.5.1

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Council Regulation 19/65 — Vires for group exemptions for exclusive dealing and patent licences, OJ Spec Ed, 1965, 35, amended by Council Regulation 1215/99, 10 June 1999, OJ 1999, L148/1 .................................................................2.1, 2.10, 2.11, 3.4.4, 3.4.7, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 7.2.4.2 Commission Regulation 67/67 — Group exemption for exclusive dealing (expired), OJ Spec Ed 1967, 10 ........................1.1.5, 1.2.6.1, 2.8.1.2.2, 2.8.2, 2.8.5.1, 2.10, 3.2, 3.4.9.2, 4.3.1.2 Commission Regulation 1983/83 — Group exemption for exclusive dealing agreements, 22 June 1983, OJ 1983, L173/1, corrections OJ 1984, C101/2, CMR 2730, [1983] 2 CLE 255 ............................1.1.5, 1.2.4.3, 2.8.5.1, 2.10, 3.4.4, 3.4.5, 3.4.8, 4.3.1, 4.3.1.2, 4.4, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 Commission Regulation 1984/83 — Group exemption for exclusive purchasing agreements, 22 June 1983, OJ 1983, L173/7, corrections OJ 1984, C101/2, CMR 2733, [1983] 2 CLE 262 (now expired) ................................................................1.2.6.2, 1.2.6.4, 1.2.6.5, 2.8.5.1, 2.10, 3.4.5, 5.1.1, 5.1.1.1.3, 5.1.1.1.4, 5.2.4, 6.1.3, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.2.3.2, 7.7, 8.5 Commission Regulation 2349/84 — Group exemption for patent licensing agreements, 23 July 1984, OJ 1984, L219/15, corrections OJ 1985, C113/34, [1984] 2 CLE 389 ..................................................................1.1.1, 2.9 Commission Regulation 417/85 — Group exemption for specialisation agreements, 19 December 1984, OJ 1985, L53/1, CMR 2743, amended by regulations 151/93 and 2236/97.............................................................3.4.4 Commission Regulation 418/85 — Group exemption for research and development agreements, 19 December 1984, OJ 1985, L53/5, CMR 2753, [1985] 2 CLE 164 .....................................................................3.4.4 Commission Regulation 4087/88 — Group exemption for franchising agreements, 30 November 1988, OJ 1988, L359/46, [1989] 4 CMLR 387, CMR 2767 ....................................1.1.5, 2.8.2, 2.10, 3.4.10.2, 5.2.2, 6.4, 7.2.4.2 Commission Regulation 556/89 — Group exemption for know-how licensing agreements, 30 November 1988, OJ 1989, L61/1, [1989] 4 CMLR 774 ...........................................1.2.4.1.3, 3.4.8, 3.4.9.2.3, 5.2.2 Council Regulation 4064/89 — Control of concentrations between undertakings, 21 December 1989, OJ 1990, L257/14, [1990] 4 CMLR 859, CMR 2839, as amended by Council regulation 1310/97, OJ 1997, L180/1, conveniently and well consolidated by Celia Hampton [1997] 7 E.C.L.R. 451, [1997] 5 CMLR 387.............................6.1.2, 7.2.5.4, 7.3.1.1, 7.3.1.3, 8.2 Council Regulation 40/94 — Community trade mark, 20 December 1993, OJ 1994, L11/1, as amended by Council Regulation (EC) 3288/94, OJ 1995, L303/1, and subsequently implemented by Commission Regulation 2868/95, OJ 1995, L303/1...................1.2.3.1, 7.6.1.4

TABLE OF LEGISLATION

xxxv

Commission Regulation 1475/95 — Group exemption for motor vehicle distribution and servicing agreements, 28 June 1995, OJ 1995, L145/25, [1996] 4 CMLR 69, replacing regulation 123/85, OJ 1985, L15/16................................................1.4, 2.8.1.2.1, 2.10, 3.4.4, 3.4.8, 7.4.4.3.2, 7.6.1, 7.6.1.1, 7.6.1.2, 7.6.1.3, 7.6.1.4, 7.6.1.5, 7.6.2, 7.6.2.1, 7.6.2.2, 7.6.2.2.1, 7.6.3.6 Art 1 ...............................................................................................................7.6.1.2 Art 3 ...............................................................................................................7.6.1.2 Art 4 ...............................................................................................................7.6.1.2 Art 5 ..................................................................................................7.6.1.2, 7.6.1.3 Art 5(2)(a) .....................................................................................................7.6.1.2 Art 6 ...............................................................................................................7.6.1.4 Art 8 ..............................................................................................................7.6.1.5 Commission Regulation 240/96 — Technology transfer, 31 January 1996, OJ 1996, L31/2, [1996] 4 CMLR 405, [1996] 4 EIPR Supp. iv. ............2.3, 2.9, 2.11, 2.12, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.4.8, 3.4.9.1, 3.4.10.1, 3.4.10.2, 3.4.11, 3.4.12, 4.3.1, 4.3.1.1, 6.1.2, 7.2.4.3 Council Regulation 1216/99 amending Regulation 17—first regulation implementing Articles 81 (ex Art 85) and 82 (ex Art 86), retrospective exemption for vertical agreements, 10 June 1999, OJ 1999, L148/5.....................2.5, 2.11, 3.4.10.2, 3.4.13.1, 6.1.2, 7.5.1 Regulation 2790/1999 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to vertical agreements and concerted practices, 22 December 1999, OJ 1999, L336/21, [2000] 4 CMLR 398, [2000] ECLR supplement to the May issue. The guidelines as finally adopted were published in OJ 2000, C291/1....................1.1, 1.1.3, 1.1.5, 1.2, 1.2.1.1, 1.2.4.1.4, 1.2.4.3, 1.2.5, 1.2.5.1, 1.2.5.1.1, 1.2.6.2, 1.2.6.4, 1.2.6.5, 2.1, 2.4.1.1, 2.4.1.2, 2.5, 2.7.1, 2.8.1, 2.8.1.2.1, 2.8.1.4, 2.8.2, 2.8.3, 2.8.5.1, 2.9, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 3.4, 3.4.1, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.4.5, 3.4.6, 3.4.7, 3.4.8, 3.4.9, 3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.2, 3.4.9.2.1, 3.4.9.2.4, 3.4.10.1, 3.4.10.2, 3.4.11, 3.4.12,3.4.13.1, 3.4.13.2, 3.4.13.3, 3.4.13.5, 3.4.13.6, 3.4.13.7, 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.2, 4.2.3, 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.1.1, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.1, 5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.1.1.1, 5.1.1.1.3, 5.1.1.1.5, 5.1.1.2, 5.1.2 5.2, 5.2.1, 5.2.1.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.2.1.1, 7.2.1.2, 7.2.1.3, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.3.1, 7.2.3.2, 7.2.4.2, 7.2.4.3, 7.2.5, 7.2.5.1, 7.2.5.2, 7.2.5.3, 7.2.5.4, 7.2.6, 7.2.6.1, 7.2.6.4, 7.2.6.5.1, 7.3, 7.3.1, 7.3.3, 7.4.1, 7.4.3, 7.4.4, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3.1, 7.4.4.3.2 7.4.4.4, 7.4.5, 7.5.3, 7.6.1, 7.6.1.1, 7.6.1.5, 7.6.2.2.1, 7.7, 8, 8.1, 8.2.1, 8.4 Art 1(b) ............................................................................5.1.1, 5.1.1.1.5, 5.2, 7.2.3 Art 1(c) .................................................................................................3.4.13.3, 6.1 Art 1(d).........................................................................................2.8.1.4, 4.3.3, 4.4 Art 1(e) .......................................................................................................3.4.9.2.2

xxxvi

TABLE OF LEGISLATION

Art 1(f).................................................................................................5.2.2, 7.2.4.2 Art 2 ......................................................................1.2.4.1.4, 3.4, 3.4.3, 3.4.4, 3.4.7, 3.4.8, 3.4.9, 3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.2, 3.4.10.1, 3.4.10.2, 3.4.11, 4.1.3, 4.2.3, 4.3, 5.1.1.2, 6.2, 7.2.4 Art 2(1) ..............................................................................3.4.4, 3.4.5, 3.4.7, 3.4.9, 3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.2, 3.4.9.2.1, 3.4.9.2.2, 3.4.9.2.4, 3.4.10.1, 3.4.10.2, 3.4.11, 4.1.3, 4.3 Art 2(2) ......................................................................................3.4.7, 3.4.9.1, 4.2.3 Art 2(3) ........................................3.4.8, 3.4.9, 3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.2, 3.4.9.2.1, 3.4.9.2.2, 3.4.9.2.3, 3.4.9.2.4, 3.4.9.2.5, 3.4.10.1, 3.4.10.2, 3.4.11, 7.2.4.1, 8.1 Art 2(4) .......................................................................3.4.6, 3.4.9.1, 3.4.10.2, 4.3.1 Art 2(5) .......................................3.4.8, 3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.2.1, 3.4.9.2.4, 3.4.10.2, 5.2.4 Art 3 ......................................2.4.1.2, 3.4.7, 3.4.13.2, 3.4.13.5, 5.1.1.2, 6.2, 7.2.5.4 Art 4 ............................................2.4.1.1, 2.8.1.4, 2.9, 3.4, 3.4.4, 3.4.12, 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.1.1, 4.3.1.2, 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.1, 4.6.2, 4.6.4, 5.1.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.4, 7.2.5.4, 7.3.1, 7.4.4.4, 8.4 Art 4(a) ..................................................................................4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3 Art 4(b) .......................................................4.2.3, 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.1.1, 4.3.1.2, 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.4, 4.6.4, 5.2.4, 7.2.5.4 Art 4(c) ......................................................................................................4.3.3, 4.4 Art 4(d)......................................................................................................4.3.3, 4.4 Art 4(e) ................................................................................................................4.5 Art 5 .............................................................3.4, 3.4.12, 4.1.1, 5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.1.1.1, 5.1.1.1.3, 5.1.1.2, 5.1.2, 5.2, 5.2.1, 5.2.1.1, 5.2.1.2, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 7.2.3, 7.2.4.2, 7.3.1, 8.1, 8.4 Art 5(a) ...................................................................................................5.2.2, 5.2.3 Art 5(b)......................................................................................5.2.1.2, 5.2.2, 7.2.3 Art 5(c) ......................................................................................5.2.3, 7.2.3, 7.2.3.1 Art 6 .............................................................4.3.1, 5.2.4, 6.1, 6.1.1, 7.2.6.2, 7.2.6.5 Art 7 ................................................4.3.1, 5.2.4, 6.1, 6.1.2, 7.2.6.2, 7.2.6.4, 7.2.6.5 Art 8 ..........................................5.2.4, 6.1, 6.1.3, 7.2.6.2, 7.2.6.5, 7.2.6.5.1, 7.6.1.5 Art 9 .......................................................................................3.4.13.1, 3.4.13.6, 6.2 Art 10 .....................................................................................3.4.4, 3.4.7, 3.4.8, 6.2 Art 10(2)(a) ...................................................................................................7.2.5.1 Art 10(2)(c) ...................................................................................................7.2.5.1 Art 10(2)(d)........................