Devils, Demons, and Witchcraft: 244 Illustrations for Artists [Dover Pictorial Archives ed.] 0486227510, 9780486227511

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"Knight, Death and Devil." Engraving by Albrecht Diirer, Nuremberg, 1513.

DOVER

^idorial ^Archive SERIES

Picture Book of Devils, Demons ond Witchcraft ERNST AND JOHANNA LEHNER

DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC. NEW YORK

Copyright © 1971 by Dover Publications, Inc. All rights reserved under Pan American and International Copyright Conventions. Published in Canada by General Publishing Company, Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontario. Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Com¬ pany, Ltd., 10 Orange Street, London WC2H 7EC. Picture Book of Devils, Demons and Witchcraft is a new work, first published by Dover Publications, Inc., in 1971. The first three printings appeared under the title Devils, Demons, Death and Damnation. DOVER

^fdorid oArchtve

SERIES

Picture Book of Devils, Demons and Witchcraft belongs to the Dover Pictorial Archive Series. Up to ten illustrations from this book may be reproduced on any one project or in any single publication free and without special permission. When¬ ever possible, include a credit line indicating the title of this book, author and publisher. Please address the publisher for permission to make more extensive use of illustrations in this book than that authorized above. The republication of this book in whole is prohibited. International Standard Book Number: 0-486-22751-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 72-137002 Manufactured in the United States of America Dover Publications, Inc. 180 Varick Street New York, N. Y. 10014

CONTENTS

DEVILS AND DEMONS

1

WITCH-HUNTING

74

CASUS LUCIFERl

25

ARS MORIENDI

84

FAUST AND MEPHISTOPHELES

29

DANSE MACABRE

90

HELL AND DAMNATION

37

MEMENTO MORI

116

THE APOCALYPTIC HORSEMEN

53

RESURRECTION AND RECKONING 146

WITCHES AND WARLOCKS

57

RELIGIO-POLITICAL DEVILRY

1. Mors, the Angel of Death. After a miniature in an AngloSaxon manuscript, tenth century.

152

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Diirer: "Knight, Death and Devil", frontispiece Cruikshank; The Devil. From Points of Humor (Part 2), London, 1824, title page

8.

Possessed woman praying, xi

9. Demons drowning monk, xii 10. Souls of sinners carried off by Demons, xiii

1. Mors, Angel of Death, page v

11.

English alewives carried off by Demons to Hell, xv

2. Evil Spirit as black bird, v//

12. Angel and Devil vying for soul of dying man, xv/

3. Tempter as winged serpent, vii

13. Assyrian-Babylonian demon of disease and evil, 7

4. Demonic grotesque initial T, viii

14. Amam, Egyptian demon of nether world, 2

5. Demonic grotesque initial T (from Rouleau mortuaire), ix

15.

Baboon as demon of nether world, 2

16. Fight of City of Satan against City of God, 3

6. Evil Spirit swallowed by Dragon of Hell, x

17. Belial before Solomon, 4

7. Christ breaking down gates of Purgatory, xi

18. Belial presenting credentials to Solomon, 4

2. The Evil Spirit figured as a black bird whis¬ pering into the ear of a magician. From a French manuscript Hortus Deliciarum, eleventh century.

3. The Tempter in the form of a winged ser¬ pent whispering into the ear of St. Martin. After a Saxon manuscript Legend of St. Martin, eleventh century.

viii : LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

19.

Belial dancing before Solomon, 5

39.

Demon leaving body of possessed woman, 18

20.

Belial returning to gates of Hell, 5

40.

Devil tempting St. Jerome, 78

21.

Demon causing women to gossip during Mass, 6

41.

Witch and warlock attending on Satan, 18

22.

Demons keeping score on babbling of women, 6

42.

Sadler: Satan tempting Jesus, 79

23.

Demon carrying off child promised to Devil, 7

43.

Mercurial demon of alchemic philosophers, 20

24.

Demon of Vanity and coquette, 7

44.

Demon of Counterfeit, 27

25.

Attributed to Diirer: Demon of Greed and treasure-hunting fool, 8

45.

Asmodeus, 22

46.

Belphegor, 22

26.

Attributed to Diirer: Demon of Pride and conceited woman, 8

'47.

Beelzebub, 23

48.

Behemoth, 23

27.

Lichtenberger tempted by Devil, 8

49.

Goat incarnation of Devil, 24

28.

The Lord and Satan vying for soul of man, 9

50.

Fall of Lucifer, 25

29.

Demons of Antichrist, 10

51.

30.

Temptation of St. Anthony, 17

Durer: St. Michael evicting Lucifer from Heaven, 26

31.

Angels defending Citadel of Heaven, 12

52.

Title page from The Hierarchie of the blessed

32.

Baldung Grien: Demons of Seven Deadly Sins, 73

33.

Devil tempting St. Patrick, 14

53.

Medina: Illustration for Paradise Lost, 28

34.

Lucifer devouring Judas and two other sufferers, 75

54.

Mephistopheles, popular sophisticated devil, 29

55.

Title page from History of Dr. lohannes Faust, 30

35.

Holbein: Demons, 15

56.

Title page from Marlowe's Doctor Faustus, 31

36.

Allegoric representation of Demon of Plague, 16

57.

Rembrandt: Faust in his study, 32

37.

Lower demons doing minor chores, 77

38.

Minor devils, demons, satyrs and hobgoblins, 17

Angells, 27

58.

Playbill for oldest German Faust comedy, 33

59.

Delacroix: Dungeon scene (Goethe's Faust), 34

4. Demonic grotesque initial T. After a French calligraphic manuscript, twelfth century

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS : ix

60.

Delacroix: Garden scene (Goethe's Faust), 35

80.

Burgkmair: Apocalyptic Horsemen, 55

61.

Prototype of nineteenth-century romantic devil,

81.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, 56

36

82.

Devil making love to witch, 58

62.

Judgment of souls before Osiris, 38

83.

Demons riding to Sabbath, 58

63.

Punishment of Tantalus, Sisyphus and Ixion, 38

84.

Witches brewing up hailstorm, 59

64.

Attributed to Diirer: Demons catching souls of sinners, 39

85.

Warlock riding to witches' Sabbath, 60

65.

Illustration for Dante's Inferno, 40

86.

Witch "inoculating" a man, 60

87.

Merlin meeting the fairy Viviane, 67

88.

Diirer: Four witches, 62

89.

Baldung Grien: Witches concocting ointment for flying, 63

66 68

.

67. .

Illustration for Dante's Purgatorio, 41 Infernal punishment for pride, 42 Infernal punishment for envy, 43

69.

Infernal punishment for anger, 44

90.

Weiditz: Witches celebrating, 64

70.

Infernal punishment for sloth, 45

91.

71.

Infernal punishment for greed, 46

Weiditz: Witch turned werewolf attacking travelers, 64

72.

Infernal punishment for gluttony, 47

92.

Diirer; Witch riding on Devil's he-goat, 65

73.

Infernal punishment for lust, 48

93.

Witch riding to Sabbath, 66

74.

Dives in Hell and Lazarus in Heaven, 49

94.

Wizard riding to Sabbath, 66

75.

Vavassore: Souls of sinners delivered into Hell, 50

95.

Witches' brew, 66

96.

76.

Infernal demons, 51

Satan holding court for newly anointed witches, 67

77.

Jaws of Hell with Lucifer and Satan, 52

97.

Devil carrying witch off to Hell, 68

78.

Four Apocalyptic Horsemen, 53

98.

79.

Diirer; Four Horsemen of Apocalypse, 54

Sorcerer Gilbert shackled by warlock Catillum, 68

5. Demonic grotesque initial T.

After a French calligraphic manuscript, the Rouleau

mortuaire de Saint Vital, twelfth century.

X

; LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

118.

Pact with infernal powers at Loudun, 80

100. Sorcerer riding waves on piece of flotsam, 69

119.

Public hanging of witches in Scotland, 87

101. Witch conjuring up demons, 70

120.

Public hanging of three Chelmsford witches, 87

102. Witch brewing up storm, 70 103. Satan rebaptizing young sorcerers, 77

121. Title page from Cotton Mather witch-hunt pamphlet, 82

104. Sorcerer exchanging Gospels for book of black magic, 77

122. Title page from English edition of Cotton Mather witch-hunt pamphlet, 83

105. Satan applying his claw mark to apprentice sorcerer, 72

123.

106. Witch giving ritual kiss to Satan, 72

125. Temptation through Impatience, 86

107. Macbeth and three witches, 73

126. Triumph over temptation, 87

108. Torturing of Jews by Inquisition, 74

127. Confession as preparation for easy dying, 88

109. Another scene of torturing of Jews, 75

128. Attributed to Diirer: Dying man surrounded by attendants, 89

99. Sorcerer selling bag of wind, 69

110. Protestants and Jews accused by Inquisition, 75 111. Hanging of possessed farm woman, 76 112. Two Dominican monks burned at stake, 76 113. Broadside about public burning of three witches, 77 114

Mass execution of citizens of Haarlem, 78

Death chamber, 84

124. Temptation through Avarice, 85

129. Master of the Housebook; Death and young man, 90 130. Master H. W.: Death and hunting party, 97 131. Page from La dance Macabre des Femmes, 92 132.

Pope and Emperor with Death, 93

115. Torture of inhabitants of Antwerp, 78

133. Doctor and lover with Death, 93

116. Newsletter about execution of witch Anna Eberlehrin, 79

134.

117.

136. Chambermaid and matron with Death, 95

Public burning of Father Urbain Grandier, 80

Pope and Emperor with Death, 94

135. Astrologer and bourgeois with Death, 94

6. The Evil Spirit swallowed by the Dragon of Hell. After a miniature in an English manuscript, twelfth century.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS : xi

137.

Bride and prostitute with Death, 95

138 & 139. Townsman and Death, 96 140. & 141. Countryman and Death, 96 142.

Death and gentleman, 97

143.

Death and notables, 97

144. Orchestra of Death, 96 145.

Death and landowner, 99

159-162. Holbein: Emperor, abbot, duchess and nun with Death, 770 163-166. Holbein: Rich man, old man, merchant and farmer with Death, 777 167. "The daunce of Machabree," 772 168. Religious fanatics dancing in churchyard, 773 169. Ghosts of those buried alive during Black Death, 113

146. Wolgemut: Orchestra of dead, 700

170. Meyer: Death and artists, 774

147. Attributed to Diirer: Death and miserly fool, 707

171. Rethel: Death on barricades, 775

148. Attributed to Diirer: Death and poor fool, 707

172. Assyrian scribes counting heads of slain enemies, 776

149.

Physician's discussion with Death, 707

150. Three revelers meet three corpses, 702 151.

Dance orchestra of Death, 703

173. Guide for souls from Egyptian Book of Dead, 117 174. Death as mounted hunter and as reaper, 118

152. Typesetter, printer and bookseller with Death, 704

175. Skull-watch, 779

153.

176.

Death hunting hunters, 705

Death as worm-eaten corpse, 779

154. Manuel; Pope and Cardinal with Death, 706

177. Allegoric representation of Death, 720

155. Manuel; Monk and nun with Death, 706

178. Tree of Death (burial tree on Island of Caffolos), 121

156. Graf; Death and lansquenets, 707 157. 158.

Holbein: Dance of Death Alphabet (first half), 708 Holbein: Dance of Death Alphabet (second half), 709

7. Jesus Christ breaking down the gates of Purgatory. After a miniature in a French manu¬ script, thirteenth century.

179. Death leaping from Hell on his charger, 727 180. Master A. F.: Emblem of Death with motto "Everybody afterwards," 722 181. Death in the cloister, 723

8.

Possessed woman, praying, is redeemed from the Demons of the Seven Deadly Sins. After a miniature in an English manuscript Bible, thirteenth century.

xii : LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

182. Angel of Death taking soul from dying man, 123 183.

Durer: Coat-of-arms of Death, 124

184.

Death leaving mouth of Hell and hunting victim, 125

199. Symbol of Death with motto "My glass runneth quickly," 138 200. Alchemical allegory of putrefaction, 138 201. Demon of tobacco "drinking," 739

185. Macabre printer's device of Andreas Gesner, 726

202. Title page in form of gravestone, 140

186. Cranach: Relic monstrance in form of skull and sword, 726

203.

187.

Lucas van Leyden: Young man with death'shead, 727

Koch: "Triumphal Arch of Death," 141

204. Winged hourglass and scythe in Rosicrucian emblem, 142 205.

188. Tory: Triumph of Death (1525), 128

Rosicrucian symbols of Death and mind rising to Heaven, 142

189. Tory: Triumph of Death (1527), 129

206. Anderson: Various symbols of Death, 143

190. Weiditz: Death and his demonic helpers, 130

207. Toad of Death, 143

191. Macabre monumental brass plate, 737

208. Sullivan: Illustration for Rubaiyat, XXXV, 144

192. Amman: Macabre representation of Tree of Knowledge and Death, 132

209. Sullivan: Illustration for Rubaiyat, XXVI, 145 210.

Bosch: Detail from "The Last judgment," 146

193. Prayer for the dead, 133

211.

Resurrection of Christ, 147

194. Angel of Death with skull and hourglass, 134

212. Wolgemut: Last Judgment, 148

195. Van Sichem: Relic monstrance in shape of skull and thighbone, 134

213.

196. Allegoric representation of Judgment of Fame after Death, 135

214. Weighing of souls by Archangel Michael, 750

197. Symbolic representation of transitoriness of might, 736 198.

Pisani: Macabre calligraphic page with emblems of Death, 737

215.

Last Judgment (from Bambergische Halsgericbtsordnung), 149

Blake: Allegoric representation of resurrection, 757

216. Jewish scholars and the "Devil's pig," 753 217. Weiditz: Papist crowning the Devil's pig, 753

9. Demons drowning a monk in the Tiber. After a miniature in an Italian manuscript "Moral Bible," thirteenth century.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS : xi

218. Attributed to Diirer; Demon of Dice and fate of dice-players, 154 219.

Dice-Demon tempting gambler, 755

220.

Papist Devil, 756

221.

George Zingel depicted as infernal monster, 757

222.

Demonic anti-Papist caricature, 757

223. Title page from anti-Reformation pamphlet, 158

230.

Eisen; Goddess Heresy, 164

231.

Papal hierarchy as mash in Devil's vineyard, 765

232.

Indulgence peddlers in jaws of Hell, 766

233

Devil of tobacco "drinking," 767

234

Devil's mill of discord, 168

235

Devil of Usury, 769

236.

Round-head Devil, 170

224.

Reform minister at marriage of fool and she-devil, 158

237. Money Devil, 777

225.

Luther's triumph over monk's devil, 759

238.

Pluto, Papist Devil, 772

226. Column of Heresy, 760

239. Hartford Federalist Convention candidate, 772

227. Title page from conformist sermon, 767

240. St. Michael casting Lucifer out of Heaven, 173

228. "Devil's Rotisserie," 762

241.

229.

242. "Finis Coronat," 174

Roman Church hierarchy as Serpents of Hell, 163

Incubi inducing dreams in sleeping girl, 773

10. Condemned souls of sinners are carried by Demons to their place of punishment. After a miniature in a Milanese manuscript, fourteenth century.

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