Degeneration, regeneration

Citation preview

DENTALLIB .

RK 61

P1318

1949

Degenerations

Regeneration

,

BY MELVIN E. PAGE D.D.S.

THE ENTIRE PROCEEDS

OF THIS BOOK

Price $ 4.50 GO TO THE

PAGE FOUNDATION 2810 FIRST STREET

ST. PETERSBURG

A

or

NORTH

4 , FLORIDA

non -profit tax exempt corporation established research in the cause and prevention of

Degenerative

Diseases .

PROPERT

The

University of

Michigan Libraries 1817 ARTES

SCIENTIA VERITAS

DENVERING

CRY

Degeneration Regeneration by MELVIN E. PAGE , D.D.S.

Published by BIOCHEMICAL

RESEARCH FOUNDATION

2810 FIRST STREET NORTH

ST . PETERSBURG

,

FLORIDA

Dental Library

RK

61 P1318 1949

Copyright 1949

by

Biochemical Research Foundation Published by PAGE FOUNDATION , INC . (A Non-profit Corporation)

MELVIN E. PAGE , D.D.S.

1

Also written by the Author :

"Young

Minds with Old Bodies " ( 1944)

"Degeneration

- Regeneration

English Edition (First Printing 1949) (Second Printing 1951)

(Third

Printing

(Fourth Printing

1952) 1955)

(Fifth Printing

1956)

( Sixth Printing

1957)

Spanish Edition (First Printing

1951)

"

5/1 PREFACE purpose of this book is to explain a method of , treatment by means of diet and the use of endocrine products , of the underlying causes of dental pathology . That portion of it which deals with the endocrines and their products might be called Dental Endocrinology . It differs from medical endocrinology in that it applies to everyday people -people who are subject to dental decay , pyorrhea , gingi-

The

vitis , tartar formation

,

and other lesser known

but prevalent

forms of dental pathology . In principle all endocrinology is the same . This book treats of lesser endocrinopathies than the extremes usually considered as endocrine cases , together with a means of diagnosing and treating the cause of the pathology . It consists of treating the patient not the disease .

Our experience teaches us that the endocrine products cannot be viewed the same as drugs . Whereas we can say a drug does so and so the same does not hold for endocrine products . The endocrinologist treats the individual and what will do one thing for one person will do just the opposite for . The success or failure of endocrine treatment to our mind depends upon using the right product at the right time in the right amount for the right person .

another

Our graph system of determining the endocrine pattern is valuable as an indicator of point of departure . In the main it is remarkably helpful . Subsequent treatment depends upon the results obtained with the minute amounts of endocrine substance we used at the start . These are increased or decreased or changed completely

depending

upon

subsequent

blood tests and clinical observation . Each person is a crossword puzzle in himself ; perhaps this is what makes this field so interesting

.

FOREWORD The

It

human body is an exceedingly complex mechanism . contains organs that function in an amazingly diversified

manner . The heart , which rests only between beats from birth to death ; the kidneys , which dispose of waste ; the liver ; the spleen ; the endocrine glands ; the digestive system all

-

have highly specialized jobs , but they all receive their nourishment from the same source : the blood . When all organs are

working in harmony

,

we have perfect health Some time ago ,

I

the body machinery

is in balance and

.

visited a large airplane manufacturing

I went into the pilot house of one of the huge bombers . The mechanism inside was bewildering . My remark to the guide that it seemed hardly possible that all the many devices could always be in order and working right brought the surprising answer , " I am not sure they ever do . " The same might be said of the multiple functions of the human body , but nature is surprisingly kind and resents abuse , for a time at plant .

least , less than could be expected .

Of the multiple

functions which are constantly at work , the most complicated probably is that of digestion and assimilation . The gastro - intestinal tract is a chemical retort into which literally is dumped a wide variety of foodstuffs – proteins , carbohydrates

, fats ; some

some cold ; in chunks

milk , coffee , upon chemically as

nourished

,

,

cooked , some raw; some hot ,

or finely divided

or in fluid form such all to be acted body may of the be properly ,

tea , alcohol , and other drugs

-

so that the tissues that energy may be developed , and that we may

have a reasonable degree of health

.

DEGENERATION

10

- REGENERATION

Good body chemistry is the key which unlocks the door perfect to health . In the last half century a constantly increas-

ing amount

of research has been done in this field . Unfortunately there is a serious lag between the known and the applied . Fixed habits are hard to break , and when someone that comes along and tells us as a result of his researches certain things we have been doing or certain foods we have been eating are harmful , or that we should take certain foods not ordinarily contained in our diet ; we are apt to feel that such a man is queer and not worth listening to . Pioneers in any field of learning advanced thinkers as they are usually have had their difficulties and frequently are not appreciated

-

for

a generation

-

or two .

The account of the

researches

outlined

in this book by

Doctor Page is a unique contribution to body chemistry . The work he has done in the problem of calcium - phosphorous balance

in

the blood and its relation to the sympathetic and

para -sympathetic nervous systems ; the role of the trace minerals ; the endocrine patterns ; and sugar metabolism all deserve careattention by the physician , the dentist , and the public at large . The physician in the field of clinical medicine , the

ful

dentist in clinical dentistry , and the layman in the problem of every-day living can profit much by utilizing the new knowledge which the author has opened up to all .

When we have learned and applied some of these lessons presented to us, our bodies should remain good places in which to live , aging process should be delayed , and many degenerative changes

should be not only halted but reversed

to regenerative changes

.

LEROY M. S. MINER , M. D. , D.M.D. S.A.C.S.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PART

I

CHAPTER I How Does Man Differ from Other Animals ?-Mechanical

-

Ability

-

Plus Learning Probable Outcome If the Problem Is Recognized , It Is Half Solved . Dentistry May Offer the Solution of Degeneration Much Depends Upon Having a Means of Measuring Percentage of Efficiency of Body Chemistry The First Warning of

-

-

Disaster

II

-

Life Span of Man and Other Animals Environmental Changes and Degenerative Diseases- " Infectious Theory of Disease ," General Medical Approach New Approach , Causes of Degenerative Processes Calcium - Phosphorous Blood Levels as Index to Body Chemistry Method of Discovery Relation to Dental Decay and Treatment Value of Calciumother Degenerative Diseases Phosphorous Blood Levels for Diagnosis and Treatment Page

--

-

....

-

--

CHAPTER

17

21

CHAPTER

Page

III

DENTAL CARIES

-

of

...

(

.

)

in

CHAPTER IV AUTONOMIC

to

,

in

-

,

of

-

of

-

of

-A

-

:

of

Deficiency Disease Local Scope Work Environmental Factors Systemic Factors Ratios Calcium and Phosphorous Significant Relationship between Amount Dental Disproportion Body Measurements Decay Degree Extent Calcium Phosphorous Imbalance and Diet Reference Chart Page and Measurements Later Chapter —Case Illustration

-

,

.

-

-

-

of

:

NERVOUS SYSTEM Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Divisions Diseases Typical These Two States Endocrines Related Effect on Bodily Proportions Endocrine Patterns Diet and Autonomic Balance Page

28

50

VI ARTHRITIS

-

..

-

-

-

:

of

CHAPTER V PARASYMPATHETIC DOMINANCE Type Disease Problem of Phosphorous Assimilation Correction Probable Abnormality of Endocrine Pattern Case Illustration Page 59 CHAPTER

)

(

,

,

-

-

,

-s

(

— ,

-

), —

-

A

,

:

Disease of Disturbed Metabolism Two Types Acute Dissolving Type Sympathetic Dominance Chronic Depositing Type Para ympathetic Dominance -Case History Contributing Causes Menopausal Operative Allergy Mechanical Maladjustments Treatment Case Illustration Consideration of All Factors for Purposes of Diagnosis ........... Page 66

of Arthritis

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

12

VII

CHAPTER

-

: Types of Disease Problem of of Insulin Case Illustration..Page

81

: Adequate Nutrition , Calcium Phosphorus Balance and Health Quantitative Differences in Dietary Requirements— Instincts of Taste Influence of Modern Civilization on DietHarmful Elements in Diet Explanation of Effects of Sugar Intake -Improper Diet and Future Generation Relation of Modern Diet to Dental Caries , Tuberculosis and Bone Formation among Primitive Peoples Dietary Experiments with Animals Nutritional Knowledge Incomplete .Page

92

SYMPATHETIC

DOMINANCE

Low Calcium Assimilation

- Use

-

VIII

CHAPTER

-

NUTRITION

-

-

-

-

CHAPTER IX VITAMINS

--

-

A,

B , C , D, E , K, Methods Destructive Vitamins and their

History in Brief Vitamins : Discovery , Functions and Sources Cooking

of Vitamins Abundance

- Chemical

Composition

CHAPTER X MINERALS

of

Page

108

: Inadequate Mineral Supplies in our Soils — Basic Fundamentals of Nutrition for Plants , Animals and Man Roles of Organic and Inorganic Minerals Influence of Environment Minerals of the Soil and Nutrition on Physical Characteristics vs. Minerals of the Sea Role of Minerals in the Body Vitamins , Trace Minerals and Glands Sources of Trace Minerals Function of Minerals .Page 134

-

CHAPTER XI SUMMARY

-

- -

-

--

-

: Effects of Good Body Chemistry Effects of Poor Body Chemistry Limiting Factors of Bio - Chemical ApproachValue in Preventive Work Economic Advantages Relation to Page 149 Future of Anglo -Saxon Race

-

....

-

-

PART II Page 157

Preface

Foreword

.Page

I

CHAPTER

159

FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS

:

Health and Disease Not LocalIndicate Endocrine Pattern Endocrine Patterns Indicate Type Disease Susceptibility and Compatibility Temperament Origin Technique Measurements Measuring Endocrine System Compared Centrifuge Only One General Endocrinology Which Rule Normalize Each Gland Page 165 Measurements

of

of

....

-

-

to to

of

Is

of

-

.

of

-

-

ized

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

13

II

CHAPTER

THE NORMAL GRAPH

-

: Graphs Indicating Hypo and Hyper Function of Various Endocrines Mate Selection Based on Endocrine Pattern the Leg as Indicative of Endocrine Pattern . Endocrine Pattern and Longevity .Page 174 ...

-

CHAPTER III ANDRO GYNIC OR ANDROGEN ESTROGEN BALANCE

-

-

CHAPTER IV SUGAR ANTERIOR LEVEL ADRENAL CORTEX INSULIN

PITUITARY

THYROID

,

,

Sugar

,

..

-

--

-

-

to

-

-

of

,

:

-

of -

ExOpposite Conditions Producing Same Result Graphs Technique Used to Determine Andric Gynic Balance Such Use Relation Dental Disease Systemic By Products Duodenal Malignancy Buerger's Page 177 Ulcers Baldness Disease

amples

CHAPTER

-

!

a

-

-

,

-

"

"

as to

?

.

-

-

.

- of

-

-

-

-

:

,

Metabolism How Obtained Normally How Used Normally Probable Result Of Its Misuse Man Cannot Change His Environment Without Disaster Unless He Also Has Understanding Must Realize That Sugar Was Meant for Taste Rather Than Food Physiology the Use of Sugar Misuse Eventually Harms Endocrine System Appetite As Good for Selection of Food in Man as in Other Animals When Not Confused An Experiment How Can We Get Along Without Sugar -Results Beneficial and Pleasing Except for Short TimeBody Compared Engine Cancer and Sugar Strong Clue Trace Minerals Found in Kelp Bone Iron Mixture Named Minerals Page 184

V

THE NEED

:

?

Who Needs Biochemical Attention -Because of Nearly Everyone Does Education Needed But Not Necessarily According Present Methods Degenerative Disease Increasing Summary Prevent Dental Disease The Basic Methods .Page 193 Job of Dentistry .

to

-

.. of

-

to

.

Sugar

-

in

:

-

-

CHAPTER VI PHYSICAL AND PERSONALITY EFFECTS OF GLANDULAR Age Influence— DYSCRASIAS Andric Gynic Life Expectancies Origin Hypo Thyroids Physical InDiseases Typically Gynic

-

to

,

.. vs

- of

-

-

- -

.

of

,

,

-

,

-

,

-

,

,

of

dications Type Dental Pathologies Hyper Thyroids Physical Indications Temperament Physical Disorders Posterior Pituitary Normal Functions Impaired Functions Physical Indications of Hypo Posterior Pituitary Diseases Directly Traceable Malfunction of Posterior Pituitary Adrenal Cortex HypertensionHyper Anterior Pituitary Mental and Physical Indications Susceptibility to Killer Diseases Isles of Langerhans Pancreas— Hypo Anterior Pituitary Sugar Levels Obesity Weight RePrinciple Multiglandular Page 198 duction Cases

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

14

CHAPTER VII OFFICE PROCEDURE : Making the Limitation of This Specialty .

Sure That the Patient Knows Necessity for Complete Blood Visit Determination of Sugar Inaugurated Necessary Tolerance Endocrine Treatment Time of Treatment Why No Fruit Juices This Book's Theme ConPage 209 densed Physiology of Hunger and Thirst

Tests , First Visit Procedure , Second

-

-

If

-

-

...

-

CHAPTER VIII ENDOCRINE

in

—

- Is-

,

-

,

-

-

-

-

.

of

?

- in -

B

It

:

TYPES AND DISEASE TYPES Hyper Anterior and the Quintuplets Cancer What Growth Toxic Pituitary —Treatments Insulin Castration Hyper Anterior Pituitary Origin Vitamin Estrogens Diabetes Deficiency Duodenal Ulcer and Infection Estrin Diabetes Page 215 Heart Cases Size of Dosage Male Climacteric .... Indication Hormone

IX

CHAPTER

-

,

CHAPTER X THE ROLE OF INFECTION Our of Infection Devital Teeth Tonsils :

..

-

-X

-

Defensive

-

-

-

Mechanism Foci Types of Infection ray Pressure Points When Teeth Should Page 231

--

-

-

Diagnosis Tonsil Snatching Be Extracted When Not

-

of

-

8

,

:

CASE HISTORIES Letter Explanation Treatment 92 Year Old Woman Year Old Boy Brain Tumor Treatment and Explanation Page 224

XI THE FUTURE

CHAPTER

References

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments

-

-

.

-

?

Is

-

of

of

- - -a

-

Glossary

..

.

CHAPTER XII TECHNIQUE

, a

of

- - --

-

-

It

is

-

- -

of

-

in

- --

:

-

Use

of

No Dental Decay No Pyorrhea Extension of Blood Hormones Present Stumbling BlockPrevention Mindedness Growing Change Needed Educational Field Function the Universities History Repeats Itself the Originality Chinese the Egyptians Extinction Real Possibility Then and Now Arthritis Can Be Eliminated and Cured Pyorrhea Arthritis Dentistry Pilot Plant for Medicine— Cancer and Sugar Levels of Blood The Role Milk Let's Examine Good Points Allergies Has Not Prevented Calcium Deficiency Diseases Hormonal Content Milk The Milk Cow and Endocrine Abnormality Where Cancer Found Where Milk Is Used Prediction ..Page 237

Life Span

Page 251

Page 255 Page 263 Page 265 Page 267

Degeneration

Regeneration English Edition

ABOUT THE COVER The tree on the cover is a graphic illustration of the ideas developed in this book . The soil , the trunk and branches , and the leaves have their counterpart in the diet , the blood and endocrine system , and the cells of the human body . Without the materials needed in either the soil or will develop properly .

the diet , neither the

tree nor the man

Without a healthy chemical mechanism neither the tree nor the man can utilize properly the substances obtained from the soil or the diet .

If however both the soil and the chemistry of the tree is good and both the diet and the chemistry of the man is good then the nutrition of the cells of both plant and man are as they should be . Designed

by Edith P. Garrison

CHAPTER I MAN AND ANIMALS "That is the

price of civilization . Man has educated himself out in inherent of the tree of knowledge and now by the sweat of his intellectual brow he must search out the truth for himself again . And being , you will remember , only a little lower than the angels , man will S.E.W. find the truth , since truth is here to find ." wisdom

-

eaten

-

from other animals chiefly by his meabilities . The lowest forms of human beings of which we have any knowledge knew how to use fire and to augment their physical capacity by using sticks and stones , distinguished

AN IS MAN chanical

and thus obtained supremacy over other animals . What we call civilization , is but a finer degree of mechanical ability .

Strip us of our clothes , our houses , our automobiles , and our knives and forks and we would not be so different from the aborigine

,

for whom we have the utmost scorn .

Suppose we take a child of civilized parents and isolate him on an island , he probably could become the king animal on that island if he lived to grow up , but he would not differ from other animals very much except in the use of his hands . He might or might not learn to use fire , he could learn to use a club and to hurl a stone , but , not having others to teach him , his mechanical attainments probably would not go any further .

That is what civilization

amounts to

-the

combined

ex-

periences of others taught to the individual , chiefly in the field of mechanics . In this our progress is almost astounding , yet the intelligence of man has increased , if it has increased , so slowly as to be practically imperceptible . We might say ,

in fact , that the only basic difference between man and other animals is in his learning and in his mechanical abilities . In other words , most of his brains are in his fingers . Twenty or thirty civilizations are known to have existed in the past , no

18

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

doubt there have been many more , for knowledge of man's history goes back but a tiny fraction of his total existence . Where are these civilizations now? Where will this one go in two hundred years ? Where will the next one appear ? More important still what made them disappear ? The probability is they committed suicide just as this one is committing it .

Our mechanical development so far outstrips our intellectual development that we kill ourselves by our very ingenuity . No civilizations which have flourished in more recent times , have lasted more than four or five hundred years . We may have another two hundred years to go if we follow the

trail . We kill ourselves not only in the obvious sense , by means of greater wars , greater engines of destruction and so forth ; but in the less obvious but more sure way by treating our bodily engines so that their safety factor is exceeded . We came through thousands of generations until now , having been guided by our autonomic nervous system . We use our four senses of taste and our sense of smell to tell us what to eat , but our larder was limited to that which nature had planned . By our mechanical ingenuity we have created some same

things which confuse and fool our autonomic nervous systems so that they are no longer capable of taking care of us .

If the reader of this book fails to see what is happening right now and all about us , the author will have failed in the chief purpose of his work . But if enough of us do see it and heed the warning , perhaps the nucleus of this civilization will be left to grow into a bigger and more permanent one . Maybe the next civilization will spring from selected people and not from some race which we now call primitive . With such a start , then the intelligence of man may begin to approximate his mechanical abilities . He may then learn to harness his machines and put them to good use rather than to his own destruction

.

DEGENERATION

-REGENERATION

19

It is the belief of the writer that the following pages of this book will throw some light upon why this civilization is going " to the dogs , " and probably will also give the answer as to why other civilizations have ceased to exist . Maybe if we realized that the decrease of civilization is but the effect of a cause and that we can rectify this cause , then perhaps this will be the first civilization to run counter to the trend of others .

Because my training has been along dental lines ,

I

naturally

think more readily in terms of dentistry . Price has shown that primitive peoples rarely have dental decay , but when exposed to the food of civilization they have as much dental trouble as civilized people . Now since dental decay is but evidence of physical degeneration , it is more than likely that the physical degeneration is concomitant with the various civilizations and has served as their death warrants . The only measurements we have had of the progress of degenerative diseases are the statistics tabulated by insurance companies showing the yearly increase in the incidence of degenerative diseases . These have not been entirely convincing for it can also be brought out that more people live to the age of susceptibility to disease than formerly , due especially to the lengthening by medical science of the life span of the average

individual

.

has been brought about mainly by reducing of deaths at birth , and by saving for further

This

the incidence

living , those with weaker constitutions who , under other circumstances might have terminated their existence sooner .

If

we could take an individual , any individual , and by examination show what his physical and chemical status is at a certain time , then we might have a measuring stick whereby

we could determine

ing, at

if this

process

of degeneration

a standstill , or becoming lessened .

such a measuring stick , could inaugurate

If

is increas-

we , by means

of

treatment so that

DEGENERATION

20

- REGENERATION

the degenerative processes reach a normal level , then , this knowledge could be applied to the masses and perhaps this civilization would be extended . It is the purpose of the author to show that this can be done with the individual by a method original with the writer . It is a simple method . Yet so is a key a simple instrument , but when applied to the right lock , it may open the door of a room filled with many wonderful and mysterious truths . Of course , after the door has been opened

and we become acquainted with

these wonderful and mysterithey longer mysterious ous truths no are and are much less wonderful , for they are really simple and readily understood . ,

CHAPTER

II

LIFE SPAN OF MAN AND OTHER ANIMALS

W HY

IT that modern man has a much shorter life span any other animal ? It was not always this way . Ancient history informs us that old people lived to be much older than they do at present even though the mortality rate IS

than

then was higher . All of the mammals , if they escape the vicissitudes of accident and warfare , have an expectancy of from ten to fourteen times the interval between birth and puberty

.

Why should man

be an exception ?

to

is

is

It

.

to

a

.

is

so

.

is

so ?

fit

Few men live out their allotted span . To die a natural death is an almost unheard - of phenomena . Generally some thing gives out when the rest of the body may be carry the only because man this on for years Why rapidly developed his mechanical talents animal who has that he has left his other ones far behind He mechanical genius and in this lies his undoing He has been able by his ingenuity and by environThe meant not only surroundings but also food character his food has completely changed and has changed his disadvantage The mechanical and chemical equip body ment of his no different now than was one thousand is

it

.

to

,

of

.

is

,

change his environment

ment

to

this book such

will

,

.

considered together and throughout be the case ,

cesses must be treated

.

known

,

changes

or

process

show the mechanism by which these happen particularly the degenerative dental caries To my mind all these pro-

my purpose

degenerative

as

is

It

.

to

of

.

or ten thousand years ago Nutritional changes which he has the dethe rapid rise forced upon himself have led generative diseases which today constitute the major cause of death

DEGENERATION

22 22

- REGENERATION

Nearly everyone knows that there have been three stages in the development of modern medicine . Advances were first made in methods of physical examinations , then came the period when the chief emphasis was upon a study of the bacteria which attack human beings . Now we are beginning that period which lays stress upon the body mechanism .

In

other words , we are recognizing that the underlying cause disease may lie within the individual , may lie in the chemical efficiency of the human body . Since food is the fuel of the human machine , we must study it , not only as

of

to kind and content , but also as to its suitability for each individual . If there be differences in the mechanism of machines , these differences should be pointed each machine may be properly maintained and

the human out that

ability to function

have the

In a

furnish

gas

efficient

as

well

as

nature

intended

.

the fuel must burn cleanly and power . But suppose it were also deshould rebuild the pistons and various

engine

manded that it other parts as they

wore away ? Then the fuel would to provide a continuous supply of those elements of which the parts are made copper , zinc , aluminum , etc. And if the gas did not contain all these , then the parts would either be defective or made of inferior materials . One could hardly expect perfect performance under these

have

-

circumstances .

Our food has constantly to rebuild our bodily machines . if it is to build organs of maximum efficiency , it must have all the necessary things and have them in the proper And

. It is remarkable that our bodies have this ability not only of functioning , but of rebuilding themselves . There is only one thing which is yet more amazing about the human animal and that is its capacity to rehabilitate itself after

quantities

DEGENERATION

-

REGENERATION

deterioration or disease has set in which to work .

- if given

23

the materials with

We all regret the stupidity of misusing machines and animals , and we condemn their abuse . And yet the prevalence of illness in our civilization is evidence of misuse and abuse bodies . Why haven't we learned the rules about and maintaining good health ? Partly because we have not known enough about the subject ; partly because of prejudices which have grown up through the years ; and partly because we do not like to take good advice unless we

of our own attaining

can see a scientific reason for it and proof of its efficacy . Especially is this true when following the advice would mean doing something which we do not like to do or going without something we like .

The chief lack , however ,

has been

in the field of medical

. We have had no device whereby we could test ability the of our body - chemistry to withstand strains and exposure to disease . A measuring stick has now been found . It gives us the key to so much of the dysfunction of our bodies

not yet perfected reversing the process

,

we can accomphysical de-

of

use

is

that even though plish much by way

of

its

knowledge

healthy

so

is

of

is

.

regeneration

this potential

ability

to

in

we must encourage order heal ourbody will not permit strong bacteria

to

.

selves

A

is

of degeneration of our bodies that

It

.

it

to

,

it

.

is

generation and preventing its occurrence This device not general use even now but the basis for simple anyone who and logical that will appeal the reason can see beyond the bacterial theory of all disease The reverse

in

and weak bacteria cannot bring about diseased the body they inhabit Thus the biochemical approach to bodily ills kill bacteria but what not how a

necessary

to

is

,

to

is

.

of

condition

a

germinate

healthy body and how we can determine

DEGENERATION

24

- REGENERATION

poor body chemistry before it has advanced to the stage where actual deterioration of the parts or disease has set in . The measuring stick , gauge , or device shows whether the body chemistry is in balance . It measures the efficiency of the body's chemistry . At death we have zero body chemistry .

In

perfect health we have 100 % body chemistry . Prior to we have an efficiency of body chemistry somewhere

disease

between these two points . It also makes possible the testing of the effect of various elements upon the body . Those things which are harmful will throw the body chemistry out of balance and those which are necessary , will return the body to balance .

It

may surprise you to learn that this test was found in a search for the cause of dental decay . It is obvious , however , that anything that affects the teeth must affect other parts

of the

body and the efficiency of the whole mechanism . Since the blood courses through the entire system , it must affect and be affected by all the parts through which it passes . Consequently , it would be folly to separate any one part and say that it has no relation to , or effect upon , the remaining parts . Each organ must be looked upon , not as a separate entity but as part of the whole . Therefore , a test for the susceptibility to dental decay might well be applicable as a test for to other diseases . Such is really the case , for the test shows the presence of either good or bad chemistry . Chemical imbalance indicates lack of resistance to illness of

susceptibility

some kind . are usually

classified as infectious or degenerthat some previously listed as infectious might properly come under the heading , degenerative . Therefore , we will use three general divisions : 1 , those Diseases

ative .

But it now

seems

which are due to lack of general

resistance

of the body

DEGENERATION

-REGENERATION

25 25

when attacked by strong bacteria , i.e. , influenza , scarlet fever ; 2 , those which are due to a breakdown of function within the body , i.e. , arteriosclerosis , cataracts , angina pectoris ;

which are due to a breakdown of specific organs parts followed by invading bacteria : i.e. , dental decay, or osteomyelitis . 3 , those

The

of good body chemistry in avoiding all can readily be seen . Also the value of of theory the infectious in dealing with the first and third groups . It should further be clear that the bacterial approach is of no avail in caring for the second group . "Relief therapy ” is all that the medical world has been able to provide for diseases of this type . However , with an index to body chemistry , it becomes possible to reverse the process of such ills by re - establishing chemical balance . It is in these instances that one marvels at the ability of the body to restore importance

three types

disease

itself when provided to work .

with the proper materials with which

The appalling thing is that the degenerative diseases are increasing with such rapidity and are so much in the majority as a cause of death . By learning how to live , by keeping our body chemistry in balance , these causes of death from breakage of weak links should and could be eliminated . More deaths would then result at advanced ages from a wearing out of the whole machine at the same time .

1

We cannot help but be impressed by the need of an to degenerative disease which would be in the

approach

'

The Department of Public Health of New York City states that on the basis of so many per thousand , heart diseases increased 60 % between 1907 and 1936 ; cancer 90 % . Sixty per cent of elderly people die of disturbances of the heart , blood vessels and kidneys ; 15% of lung trouble ; 15 % of cancer ; 7 % of stomach and intestinal ills , and only 3 % of injuries and old age .

DEGENERATION

26 26

- REGENERATION

nature of a strangle hold on these invaders of our efficiency and productiveness , our happiness and freedom . Dr.

Weston

Price ,

noted

author

of

NUTRITION

AND

PHYSICAL DEGENERATION , was the first to seek the answer to dental decay in the calcium - phosphorous levels of the blood . He concluded that a high level of calcium and phosphorous in the blood precluded dental decay. It was a theory that excited my curiosity . Much research led me to the discovery that the secret lay not in the amount of these minerals , but in their proportion to each other . Together they form a com-

pound , carbonate apatite , the substance from which the bony structures of our bodies are built . Although we do not know just what the end processes are which permit deposits or withdrawal of bony substance , we have found that the levels of calcium and phosphorous in the blood have a distinct and exact relationship to this process . By determining what the percentages of these minerals in the blood were in cases of arrested decay of the teeth and of rampant decay, it was possible to estimate what the proportional balance between these elements should be . 2

Having determined the proper ratio , calcium and phosphorous

ten to

four , between

it

became necessary to learn how to bring them into balance when there was an excess of one or the other . Eventually it was discovered that the factor of assimilation was of prime importance . The diet might contain a proper amount of proteins , carbohydrates and fats , but ,

if

the endocrines which regulate food assimilation were not functioning normally , then some of the good elements of the food passed through without being utilized by the body .

See end of book for improved technic readings .

in finding

accurate

calcium

DEGENERATION

27

if

Therefore

,

stituents

it

,

- REGENERATION

the blood showed a lack of balance in its conwould indicate that there was dysfunction of the

Chemical analysis of the endocrines shows a high of vitamin and mineral content . ( 1) In experiments , the calcium and phosphorous levels prove that assimilation can be aided by adding vitamins and trace minerals to the endocrines

.

degree

diet . Once the body regains its ability to make full use of the elements supplied by the food , good body chemistry can be maintained by correct diet .

The calcium phosphorous metabolism of people in good health proves to be approximately in balance . The tests on people with dental decay and functional or degenerative disease show imbalance . When these levels return to normal , not only does dental decay cease , but symptoms of illness dis-

This obviously indicates that endocrine dysfunction part in this type of disease . The corollary to large plays a this is that endocrine extracts may be of aid in treating this classification of bodily ills . It has been found to be true that in cases of deep seated or long continued deficiencies glandappear .

ular secretions are of assistance in speeding up the return of endocrine function and efficient assimilation . With the return of good body chemistry

comes good health .

The calcium phosphorous blood test is not only useful of the effectiveness of body chemistry , the good or bad effects of diet , and early diagnosis of bodily dysfunction , but it is also of value in indicating in which direction the body imbalance tends and whether or not the particular treatment used is returning the body to normal . That this test is of utmost importance in diagnosis and treatment will be seen in studying the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems in Chapter III . As a guide to the systemic treatment of dental ills it is invaluable . as an index

III

CHAPTER

DENTAL CARIES

S

OME MAY TAKE exception to the wedding

as

it

should

be

in

biological ,

health service aspects

would

scope

and strengthened

in

be devoted

to

to

.

of

of

,

to

to

,

in

(

a

)

of

To the establishment the principles and the application all forms and degrees of scientific health service relating directly the teeth and the closely adjacent oral tissues and indirectly the welfare of other parts the body and the whole system

diagnosis of oral conditions not complete withstudy possible signs impairment general

of

of

signs

,

in

of

of

local disease from dentistry and those of disease The literature examples medicine contains numerous cases which what seemed to be diseases of the mouth were treated systemic

.

health and differentiation

in

of

of

is

A a

out

of

2 )

states that

:

It further

(

whole

.

a

as

,

to

of

,

)

(b

of

the correlations between To discovery dental and oral conditions and systemic diseases with special reference observed effects distant disorders closely adjacent on the teeth and oral tissues and dental and oral abnormalities on the health of the body

its

of endocrinology and nutrition in the treatment of dental decay but the following quotation from the 1935 Report of the Curriculum Survey Committee of the American Association of Dental Schools definitely places systemic correction within the province of our specialty . The report on dental education in the United States and Canada in 1926 pointed out that dentistry should render a comprehensive service in order to meet the health needs of the people , and it suggested that dentistry , expanded

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

29

sometimes for a long time and at great expense , only to find in the end that the problem was systemic .

Frequently questions arise between dentists and physicians regarding the diagnosis of oral , particularly dental , diseases , physicians sometimes giving a diagnosis and ordering specified dental services . There is a tendency on the part of physicians to refrain from such practices , as dentists become more competent in diagnosis . The public has the right to expect that the dentist will be capable of diagnosing all dental diseases and

if he cannot do it , there is no other person to whom the patient can turn .

disorders , for ,

Closely related to diagnosis in dental service is adequate treatment planning . Treatment , like diagnosis , should take the entire oral situation into condition , as well as systemic conditions when they may be involved .

And in their opinion No dentist can possibly be regarded as rendering adequate dental service to his patients if he is incompetent in these matters . ( 3 ) Since the publication of this report there has been a growing tendency to disregard the limitations of one's specialty and to visualize the clinical conditions as an end result dependent upon changes in normal physiology and body chemistry of the organs of a living body which is essentially one unified whole .

It is for these reasons that in my discussion of the problem of dental caries I must of necessity consider other ills as part my work I have found a definite correlation between dental decay and other systemic conditions . In fact all so - called degenerative diseases diabetes , dependent upon arthritis , and those diseases the break - down

of the whole picture

.

In

-

- REGENERATION organism - respond to the same type

DEGENERATION

30

of some part within

the

of systemic treatment as dental caries . All seem to be founded upon a reduced chemical efficiency of the body due principally to a lack of adequate building materials . by the profession that dental caries was indicative of nutritional deficiency . But not until the discovery of the correct interpretation of calcium -phosphorous tests of the blood plasma , was this sub-

For some time it

has been suspected

stantiated , and the mechanism understood by which nutritional deficiencies have their effect upon the structure of teeth and the defensive mechanism by which teeth resist decay . Some of the older theories

to the cause of dental caries

as

dealt exclusively with the local environmental

factors in the mouth . Such a point of view resulted from an outlook narrowed by habit and training to the confines of the strictly dental field .

The more comprehensive viewpoint of modern dentistry has enabled the profession to have a broader perspective . Disease does not affect a part of the body without affecting ,

,

.

is

ill

it

ill ,

. When a part is means that the whole body There are two causative factors of disease one the

the whole

,

it

,

is

of

measuring stick efficiency the state impossible for real preventive service

in

.

,

body chemistry

of

Without

evidenced a

the disease

is

in

.

,

.

,

is

in

the latter but the practice both factors we must consider important Of the two the immediate factors are the less Real prevention either medicine or dentistry must start before

in

chiefly interested chemist preventive dental medicine of

.

it

to

,

,

,

which may be bacterial and two the conditions possible for the disease which makes flourish The bioimmediate

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

31

is upon the efficiency of body chemistry that normal function , including resistance to disease , depends . Fortunately , the calcium - phosphorous levels of the blood serve as a measuring stick , not only of dental disease but also of other diseases of

calcium -phosphorous

metabolism

.

Dentin , the bony structure of the teeth , depends for its well -being upon its nourishment . If it is not well nourished , it is soft ; if it is well nourished , it is hard and dense and resistant to bacterial invasion . Not only does the dentin depend upon its nourishment for the internal factors which inhibit disease , but the external environment is affected as

well by the

state of well - being of the body as a whole . These external environmental factors include the buffer action of

the saliva , which in turn results from the state of efficiency of the internal factors . " In general , composition of the saliva is not altered by diet , but does vary in the same direction as changes in the blood , in respect to calcium , phosphate , sodium and potassium . " ( 4 ) The buffer action of the saliva is dependent upon the mineral content which is derived from the blood . Thus the blood levels of calcium and phosphorous determine resistance external standpoint .

to decay from both

the internal

and

Correction of dietary factors involved in an adequate nutrition does not necessarily correct the nutrition , for nutrition implies the supplying of the necessary food materials to the tissues within the body . If the assimilation , which is controlled by the endocrines , is not efficient , the digestive system may contain the necessary ingredients of a good nutrition , yet the blood stream , which supplies these ingredients to the tissues , may be deficient in them .

It is therefore necessary to know how this assimilation may be rectified . To do so , a knowledge of the function of

DEGENERATION

32

the endocrines

is essential

- REGENERATION

in order that this functional

in-

be augmented by the necessary replacement of endocrine substance , or that the endocrines involved be

adequacy

stimulated or depressed by therapy . Endocrine treatment by either means is in the nature of temporary treatment , for with proper dietary correction regeneration of endocrine function is to be expected . Just how long it will take for regeneration varies with the individual . Fortunately , there is no guesswork involved , as the calcium - phosphorous tests show exactly how much progress in this direction is this

being made .

,

it

.

,

,

in

,

its

Our bodies may be compared to an automobile : two conditions for efficient operation are essential one the machinery must be good working order and two must be supplied with suitable fuel water and oil ,

if

of

,

.

,

of

,

of

,

is

is

it

may be When an automobile does not run efficiently supplies the fuel water and oil but even with the best the timer out order the valves are sticking or the carbuadjustment retor out the automobile will not run well until these also are fixed

automobiles

in

func-

the timing

.

system

.

and wiring systems

of

carburetors and the autonomic

to

the body the endocrines are somewhat similar

to

In tion

.

to

register the efficiency The mechanic has instruments of the various functions of the machine We have the calciumphosphorous test which with certain other indicators tell us .

about the body machine

a

is

.

to

of

It

apparent that the body uses compound composed supply teeth and bones with calcium and phosphorous nourishment What ratios of calcium and phosphorous are

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

33

at the point where they precipitate or act is uncerfor the parts played by magnesium , sodium , and potassium are unknown as well as the ph at point of deposit . However, according to Doctor Shohl , it would be reasonable to presume that the answer to the chemistry of bone composinecessary

tain ,

tion might be found

if

the " activities of calcium

,

phosphate

and carbonate lie close to the point of saturation in the normal adult , exceed the solubility product in infancy , and fall below the point at which precipitation is possible in rickets . ” (5) That the answer has been found to be as he presumed is indicated by a comparison of my analyses with clinical findings . * It was found that a constant ratio of calcium and phosphorous

( 10-4 ) in the blood plasma is the optimum requirement of adults , with a higher and varying level of phosphorous requirement for growing children , and lower but still proportional levels of both being required in old age . And so we come to the conclusion that although the ratios of calcium and phosphorous at the point of bone manufacture remain unknown , still the process is dependent upon the presence of a certain

proportion of

these minerals

The bones and teeth

in

the blood .

are known

(6 )

to serve

as a

storehouse

of calcium and phosphorous to be added to in times of plenty , and to be subtracted from in times of scarcity . On the basis of twenty thousand blood tests taken during the past twenty years , we can state that in clinical cases , in the adult , the critical point is reached when the calcium shows 8.75 mg per 100 cc of blood and when the phosphorous shows 3.5 mg per 100 cc of blood . Below these amounts for either calcium or phosphorous

, there is a withdrawal of minerals from the dentin and bone , and above these amounts a reserve is maintained .

* These analyses were based on approx . 20,000 Ca.P. blood tests taken over a period of years .

DEGENERATION

34

- REGENERATION N

21 (6)

Hansen

10

__9_

8 7

6 5

40--- -O 3 2

4-24

5-4

5-28

6-26

8-9

case and

to

.

to

,

a

Since cavities were thus shown given individual conditions

of

3335

in

caries the former the latter case

in it

in

caries

in

,

this results

to

Practically

immunity

- REGENERATION

in

DEGENERATION

be related the systemic logical seemed that the

(

,

.

is

)

It of

in

.

in

,

as .

of

degree

.

of

to

of dental decay would be direct proportion the body metabolism of variance from the normal But by measmeasuring bodily metabolism the usual method oxygen intake seemed too inaccurate for this urements purpose affected by too many external factors However the endocrines control growth through assimilation bodily proportions their dysfunction should register And degree

of

to

.

to

to

as

of

studying the sympathetic and parasympathetic types placement weight endocrine dysfunction certain rules apply were discovered each The sympathetic dominants

of

.

-

to

were found have greater weight above the waist and the By finding the relative para sympathetic below the waist proportion between the upper and lower bodily measure-

),

(

.

a

it

to

endocrine determine the extent was possible ments dysfunction And also by plotting these figures on chart along with the amount of dental caries in See page 38

prominent

that the point

in

,

a

about 45 degrees

the elbow

to .

bend the forearm

would be

.

the upper arm

wrist measurement measurements between at

Care was taken

so to

,

.

a

narrow cloth tape This resulted an elbow measurement and three

at

equally spaced the wrist and measurements were taken with

of

,

.

divided by four Beginning intervals five circumferential

at

to

.

to

in

it

of

bodily disproportion was found that the degree direct proportion dental decay The forearm was measured from the wrist joint the elbow and this figure each case

was

at

,

as

,

at

in

The leg was measured like manner from the ankle bone to the knee cap having the knee flexed the same angle equal intervals the elbow and five measurements

DEGENERATION

36

- REGENERATION

were taken . Each leg measurement was divided by the corresponding arm measurement and the result tabulated in a column . These five quotients were added and the result divided by five . This gave a figure which in most cases lay between 1.300 and 1.700 for females . Measurements taken of those people who had perfect metabolism during and after the growing age showed about the same result . The figure was about 1.420 for the female . Measurements for the male with perfect metabolism are somewhat less . Measurements resulting in a figure less than 1.420 for the female indicate that her metabolism has been on the sympathetic dominant side during the period of growth , while figures more than 1.420 indicate a parasympathetic dominance a like period .

during

All

this helps to classify the patient and serves to indicate the type of diseases to which this patient has been or is susceptible . Diagnosis cannot be made upon this measurement alone for metabolism can change from para-

to

a degree

sympathetic dominant to sympathetic dominant over a period of years . A patient in the forties may present parasympathetic measurements yet be a sympathetic dominant . The reverse is also true . But in a young person , in the teens or twenties , the measurements are almost always trustworthy as an indication of the present metabolism . Likelihood of having changed tendencies is remote . Most changes from one type of metabolism to the other take place at puberty and menopause or as the result of operative procedure dealing with the endocrines .

For those beyond the twenties this measurement test indicates past metabolism , not present metabolism . But because tendencies are apt to hold true for long periods of

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

37

time except at menopause , this test is often another valuable means of diagnosis . Even

when

measurements

indicate

a

certain

type

of

metabolism at the growing period, the degree of altered metabolism may swing to the opposite side if it should change or has done so . For instance , many cases of large legs and coloidal goiter exist . If a swing is made to the opposite side , the large legs and enlarged neck will remain , but the function of the thyroid will change from subnormal production of its hormones to abnormal and toxic goiter , conditions indicating extremes of swing .

If a change

is made in the type of metabolism of an individual after the age of growth , the measurements will change , but will change very slowly . The older the patient the more

slowly the change will

take place .

One patient in the early twenties measured 1.520 . Her metabolism was corrected as was indicated by total cessation of dental caries , by exuberant health , by trimness of figure , and by calcium - phosphorous analyses . She moved to another city , and returned thereafter but once a year for examination . She fairly glows as she relates the results she has obtained by correct nutrition . She is especially pleased with the remarks her friends make about her appearance . Each year her measurements have changed for the better about thirty points .

In three years her measurements have become practically perfect . Measurements are of value in the prognosis of a case . The nearer the measurements are to the correct figure , the more rapid will be the response to nutritional treatment . The farther the measurements are from normal , the greater the necessity for supplemental endocrine treatment along with the nutritional .

- REGENERATION CARIES AVERAGE PER YEAR O 2 3 4 5 6 7 · DEGENERATION

38

130 131

8 9

132

133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141

....

· ·

· ·

142 ..... 143 ....

... ..... ... .. ..

144 145 146 · 147

148 ..... 149

·

·

... ... ... •

150

150

•

152 • ·· 153 154 ... 155 156 157 158 159 •

·

.. •

..

•

..

160

161

•

162 163

164

165

•

The vertical columns from 0 to 9 represent the number of cavities per person per year . The left hand column contains the amount obtained by dividing the sum of the leg measurements by the sum of the arm measurements . A relatively free area extends outward from 1.410 which figure we accept as approximately the normal measurement

.

DEGENERATION

-REGENERATION

39

Since dental caries as well as body proportions are often the result of imperfect body chemistry , it was logical to presume that there might be some relationship between dental caries and body proportions as determined by measurements . And so a chart was made giving the bodily measurement and yearly rate of cavities of several hundred patients . The chart opposite this page shows that the incidence of caries increases as the measurements vary from a point about 1.420 . At this

point there seems to be immunity to dental caries . From this point towards a smaller figure sympathetic dominance is indicated . The incidence of dental decay in sympathetic dominance increases at about twice the rate of incidence of caries on the parasympathetic side

.

It is possible to measure a young woman and , if she is subject to caries , to estimate the number of cavities which she has in a year . This brings up another interesting observation for which no explanation

is offered : namely , that when people have caries they have them at a certain yearly rate . One might possibly think that if caries are systemic in origin that the condition which promotes caries would be general throughout the mouth and that the deterioration of all teeth would coincide with the deterioration of one . However , this

is not the way nature seems to have planned it . Any dentist who has practiced long enough to observe can tell by going over his records that such and such a patient had so many cavities that year and so many the next with almost unvarying regularity . Of course , sometimes this rate will suddenly increase or decrease due to changes in environmental conditions or for no obvious reason a susceptible person may become totally immune . Generally , changes in annual incidence of caries can be traced to changes of diet such as eating in restaurants as the result of getting a new job , going away to school , or getting married . In the case of a

DEGENERATION

40

- REGENERATION

man , marriage changes his diet from that of his family to that of his wife's .

Many of the patients plotted on this chart show immunity to caries even when their measurements are far from correct . But it is among these people that we find chronic gingivitis and pyorrhea . A series of blood tests for these people will show high phosphorous levels during part of the time covered by the tests . A series of tests may show a continued high level of phosphorous or a varying level of high and low phosphorous , but the periods of high phosphorous will occur frequently enough and be of sufficient duration to keep the density of the dentin high . It takes a continued low level of phosphorous over a period of several months to deplete the dentin of its mineral structure . The people who do have caries at a rate proportional to their measurements have a quite consistent level of phosphorous throughout the year . And so the amount of dental decay , the degree of disproportion in bodily measurements , and the imbalance of the calcium - phosphorous

levels prove of significance

to

each other .

There has been a good deal of talk about sugar being a cause of dental decay . Directly it is not , but indirectly it is . The following experience with patients shows the deleterious effect of this refined product or drug as regards teeth the calcium - phosphorous levels :

and

A young finished

married woman came to me shortly after having her hospital training . She appeared with one or

two cavities and several cervical areas of incipient caries . I was interested in determining the reason for them . The diet was investigated and found to be good . She had a nearly perfect set of teeth . Her metabolism test was nearly perfect , but her blood phosphorous was 3.2 . During the course of the

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

41

following year about twenty cavities were filled and several blood readings were taken at short intervals . A great deal of attention was paid to her diet . Cod - liver oil , trace minerals , citrus fruit , milk , and green leafy vegetables were present but still the decay progressed . Suddenly her phosphorous level went up to 3.8 for no reason that could be understood . This gave her a usable product of calcium and phosphorous

of

36 ,

product

although varied

throughout between

21

the previous and 25.

(

year her usable usable product of immunity to decay .)

A

least 30 is necessary to maintain Then the answer was learned . The patient explained that after she became married she acquired the habit of eating candy to excess , an estimated quarter pound daily . Doubtless this was a reaction to her rigorous hospital training . She concealed this fact until she was sure every other at

measure of stopping her decay was ineffective . In the succeeding year , candy being omitted , she had no further cavities .

Another girl ,

I

a nurse in training , whose blood tests every had taken three months and who had been immune to caries for a year , suddenly developed two cavities together

with a drop in phosphorous from 4.0 to 2.9 . She had spent the previous six weeks in the diet kitchen and during that time hardly ever ate a regular meal , but satisfied her hunger with cakes and sweets whenever the spirit moved her . At the end of her dietary spree and after her dental work had been completed she ceased developing further cavities . These two experiences led me to undertake experiments

I had numerous blood tests were selected . Immediately after taking a blood sample , each was given all the candy she wanted and other blood tests were taken at intervals . (See page 42 ) . There was no change with sugar . Subjects of whom

11.0

9.0 9.0

105

87

100

10-22

10-22

12-26

4-18

4.0

‫ןו‬

T

3.6

2.8

T

3.2

T T

10.0

12.6

117

10-21

T

3.2

T 32

OZ

HOURS

SUGAR

LATERI

20

HOURS

HOURS

8

109

3.6

11.2

111

10-21

2

9.0

3.8

9.0

100

8-18

LATER

DANGER

LATER

HOURS

10

100

3.6

10.0

100

8-18

=====

11

-

1-7

4.0

9.5

100

7-25

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

3.8

Ca.

B.S.

P.

Date

124

DEGENERATION REGENERATION

12

4 T

IL +

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

43

in

two hours , but in two and one -half hours the phosphorous level dropped five tenths of a milligram . This was after eating nine pieces of chocolate candy — one -fourth of a pound .

This was enough to make a difference of nine points in the usable product of calcium and phosphorous . It can easily be seen that if this were continued daily , decay would be rampant in these people . Besides cavities , we have other oral diseases

which

are

related to systemic conditions . Calculus deposits are found to be coincident with a high calcium level . These deposits were found to be great in proportion as there was excess of calcium above the amount which would combine with the phosphorous present . When a ratio of 10 of calcium and 4 of phosphorous obtained , there was no evidence of calcular deposits . Therefore , the assumption is that calcium greater in amount than can be used by the phosphorous is more or less free calcium , and is excreted through secretions made from the blood , one of which is the saliva .

Another fact

noted was the presence of serumnal calculus and irritated gums , when the phosphorous level was more than 40 % of the calcium level . When the phosphorous level was reduced to the correct proportions , this irritation or gingivitis often cleared up without surgical interference . This does not indicate that surgical

interference is unnecessary when there are salivary serumnal or calculus deposits . It means only that local and systemic treatment should be used together rather than either singly .

The

alveolar ridges are those bony structures upon which dentures . They are subject to the same chemical laws and require the same constituents as dentin . The continued satisfaction of dentures is dependent upon we rest artificial

the stability of

these

supports

.

If,

however , these ridges are

- REGENERATION

changing due to chemical imbalance

fitting dentures should look Pyorrhea

give

,

proper relation

to

By reducing the phosphorous

its a

level

to

in

,

of

an inflamed condition the gums generally sympathetic dominants having high phosphorous

occurs .

will

no dentures

,

of you who suffer from your diet

So those

.

satisfaction

.

to

permanent

ill

DEGENERATION

44

.

is

.

at

.

.

as

)

as

.

(

,

a

in

of

of

the location the symptoms Occaparasympathetic found but anemic gums are associated with this type Bone tumors hyperoswell are quite common among those with dentures tosis among those who still retain their own teeth

sionally pyorrhea

is

used merely because

a

;

a

is

in

to

of

.

,

Pyorrhea and the calcium inflammation can be eliminated usual form dental decay are opposed each other We patient do not find both the same the same time Actually pyorrhea form of arthritis different nomenclature

mineral

one external

.

,

one internal

is

of the surface or enamel of the teeth due imbalance of the saliva But since the saliva .

a

to

due to two factors

-

is

Erosion

Decalcification

of

-

a

of

is

.

in

of

,

derives its constituents from the blood we must seek the basic Repeated cause this salivary deficiency the blood stream proven that mineral imbalance of the saliva tests have merely reflection calcium phosphorous imbalance the

blood that when the calcium phosphorous levels .

,

a

in

-

;

are brought back to normal ratio the blood the salivary secretions are no longer acid and erosion disappears

occurs when there are fillings two different metals the mouth and the body chemistry out of balance When the body chemistry normal however no ,

,

.

is

is

in

of

Electrolysis

,

a

,

of

of

.

is

electric current set up between the different metals To electrolysis pyorrhea and their interillustrate an instance relationship with other bodily ills deficiency nature we

DEGENERATION

will

- REGENERATION

45

consider a case of tropical sprue which recently came to

our attention

:

of about forty - five , 5′6 ″ in height and pounds 128 told me that he had sprue . A dental pyorrhea examination disclosed and electrolysis and a history of considerable decay . His blood pressure was 115/70 , his temperature minus six tenths and his phosphorous level was Mr. D. ,

a man

weighing

high in proportion to the calcium . Mr. D. thought rapidly but spoke with hesitation . His color was very bad (a pasty grey ) and his eyes were dull and red - rimmed . Acute inflammation of the entire intestinal tract , a sore tongue and mouth plus the electrolysis made him most uncomfortable . He had had the bland diet usually recommended for sprue and had received temporary relief from his symptoms . Unfortunately, after a few months his difficulties than before .

All

returned and seemed worse

symptoms indicated sympathetic dominance . 3 unit doses was prescribed , the

Daily insulin treatment in

trace minerals were added to his diet and sugar was eliminated . Within a few weeks Mr. D's eyes brightened , the speech hesitation gradually lessened , the redness about his eyes was gone and he had begun to add to his diet those foods which he had been unable to eat for some years : that is , butter , potatoes and bread . The pyorrhea began to clear

up and although the electrolysis and sore tongue came and went , the periods of relief from these grew longer . The calcium - phosphorous levels began to approach normal . The disease , of course , was of such long standing , the symptoms so acute and numerous that it took several months to secure complete

cessation of symptoms and longer

to attain

real

health . But treatment used for pyorrhea and electrolysis was effective in caring for the symp toms of sprue . All were due to systemic conditions . By corplease 1note that the same

DEGENERATION

46

- REGENERATION

recting body chemistry , relief was obtained and other bodily symptoms .

both oral

from

* of a tooth joint is known by dentists while inflammation of any other joint is known by physicians as arthritis , so do we find parallels in other diseases of the mouth and the rest of the body . The bad part of the situation is not in different names for basically the same conditions , but in that different names were given to these simliar conditions because it was not and is not today recognized that both types of disturbances have the same basic cause . The physician treats a certain condition by one method , the dentist treats it by a second method and neither has the advantage of the other's experience . Just

as

inflammation

as pyorrhea ,

In

.

of

a

its

yet another way does lack of common understanding in the professions prove deleterious to the patient . Without an understanding of nephritis , the dentist's efforts in treatment of pyorrhea may prove futile . Acute arthritis of the bearing on gingivitis foot may have stubborn case

.

in

Inflammation anywhere the body will influence the outcome of inflammatory or infectious conditions of the mouth

giva

,

,

.

of

"

The oral mucosa often furnishes important diagnostic information The membrane the cheek the lips the ginespecially the tongue may present symptomatic the correct interpretation which may lead the bodily discovery general serious somatic diseases These

,

to

.

general

,

( )7

the metabolic healing

certain patient

in

"

in

.

to

dental conditions never sick day .

to

he expressed

the body a

as

,

had had

injury it ,

of

in

cases

ability may be related

long

A

resist local treatment

as

for lesions in the mouth which as

background

disturbance remains untreated Even

)

(

,

turn form will stubbornly

a

in

of

,

of

and

changes

his life until

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

47

in an automobile accident . He spent the next three and his life savings trying to get well . Eleven operations failed to close a fistula . Finally a new physician suggested that a dentist look at his mouth . After the removal of seven devitalized teeth , the fistula closed and the man became well . he was

years

There are several remedies and methods of treatment used by the dentist for dry socket . If, however , the dentist realized that dry socket was really a form of osteomyelitis he would have the advantage of the experience of many physicians and surgeons in his efforts to cope with the problem . both physician and dentist understood more of the systemic

If

predisposing causes of dry socket and osteomyelitis , both would be more successful in treatment . Both diseases take place at the site of injury , but only when the predisposing causes are present . A predisposing cause is a low level of calcium in the blood and a high phosphorous , which in turn is the result of inefficient body chemistry .

Insulin is of great value in treating these conditions . A number of physicians are using three unit daily doses in cases of osteomyelitis with beneficial results . It raises the calcium level and lowers the phosphorous which causes the inflammation to subside .

The daily use of three units of insulin by injection for a few days before oral surgery in a case having a history of dry socket has proven very helpful in preventing the recurrence of the disease . In any case of oral surgery where there is inflammation such as in the extraction of an infected tooth , an injection of insulin in the gums after the novocaine has been injected is good routine practice , for it promotes healing and reduces susceptibility to the spread of

infection .

DEGENERATION

48

"The

diseases

- REGENERATION

causing the most serious oral disturbances , endocrine imbalance , uremia and

are the vitamin deficiencies diabetes . " ( 8 )

Diabetes can be suspected when teeth decay is rapid resorption of bony ridges .

rapidly or when there

If

the patient also has recent dimming of the sight , and a dry glistening mucous membrane , this diagnosis is even more certain . The presence or absence of sugar in the urine is not

to be entirely relied upon . The sugar level of the blood is of greater diagnostic value . Most cases of this nature encountered by the dentists are sub - clinical in nature or not easily recognized as diabetes . For this reason it is of great to discover them early , when prognosis is favorarecovery through nutritional correction . complete ble for a

importance

The patient whose dentist has discovered his incipient diaHe will often be frightened enough by the information to follow the rules of nutrition and thus increase his life expectancy over that of the seemingly well , but uninformed person . betes is most fortunate .

Dental

caries and osteomalacia

result from an insuffi-

of combined calcium and phosphorous in the blood . The nutrition is chiefly responsible for adequate or inadequate levels of these minerals . The nutrition may be cient level

inadequate because

because

of insufficient

essentials

of the inclusion in the diet of

assimilation

in

substances

the diet or which alter

.

A

long continued inadequacy of the diet may affect the efficiency of the endocrines . In such a case , correction of the diet does not immediately restore the nutrition . The endocrines must respond favorably before the nutrition does the endocrines control assimilation .

By success

,

for

successive calcium - phosphorous tests of the blood , the or failure of dietary correction to influence dental

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

49

conditions will be noted . In case of failure , supplemental endocrine treatment is indicated . In turn , correctness or incorrectness of the selection of endocrine products , and the amounts of each to be used are indicated by repetition of these same tests .

The usable calcium -phosphorous levels of the blood make environmental conditions of the teeth favorable or unfavorable for caries .

The environmental

factors are internal and

. The internal factors control the density and resistof the dentin to caries , and upon the external factors (buffer action of the saliva ) depends the ability to neutralize acids of fermentation . Thus the predisposing causes of caries are systemic and the inciting causes are bacterial . The bac-

external ance

terial causes require local treatment but the systemic causes require treatment based on a study of the functioning ability

of the glands of the autonomic nervous

system .

CHAPTER IV AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM HE AUTONOMIC

THE "automatic "

NERVOUS SYSTEM

it

might well be called the

controls the involuntary or activities of our bodies , i.e. , digestion , nerve , reflexes assimilation , etc. It is composed of two branches , the sympathetic and parasympathetic which control the ductsystem , since

unconscious

less glands

or endocrines of which there are two antagonistic One set , the " speed -up " endocrines , form what is called the sympathetic dominant group while the " slow-up " endocrines form what is called the parasympathetic group . groups .

Just so long is equal

will

Each

pull between these two antagonistic groups the balance between them remain stable .

as the

endocrine

secrets

a

hormone

or "chemical

mes-

senger " which enters the blood stream and affects body metab olism . These secretions , though small in quantity , are the most powerful chemical substances known . " Pavlov thought that different foods caused variation in amounts of the differ-

ent ferments in the ( glandular ) secretions , ( however ) , changes in mineral composition depend upon alterations in the blood

and not upon food intakes . ” ( 9 ) But food intake affects the efficiency of the glands and inefficiency of glands will reduce the amount of secretions or alter their composition which will have a detrimental

effect upon the body .

The levels of calcium and phosphorous as determined by blood tests indicate whether the endocrines and autonomic nervous system

are

in

balance or not .

If

the phosphorous

content is too high , that is an indication that the " speed -up " or sympathetic endocrines are overworking and suppressing the power of the " slow - up " or parasympathetic endocrines .

DEGENERATION

LOW CAL .

-REGENERATION

51

HIGH PHOS.

PYORRHEA ACUTE ARTHRITIS ALLERGIES SUB -GING CARIES CANCER C.V.D. INFECTIONS DUOD ULCERS DIABETES CONVERT GLYOGEN TO GLUCOSE THYROID MALE GONAD ANT . PITUITARY ADRENAL MEDULLA

SYMPTOM FREE ZONE AUTONOMIC - ENDOCRINE - CALCIUM - PHOS.BAL . SYMPTOM FREE ZONE

ISLES OF LANGERHANS ADRENAL CORTEX FEMALE GONAD PARATHYROID POST . PITUITARY CONVERT GLUCOSE TO GLYCOGEN DEPOSITING CALCULUS

ALKALOSIS ARTH ALLEGERIES CATARACT CORONAL CARIES

HIGH CAL .

LOW PHOS .

DEGENERATION

52

- REGENERATION

If the calcium content is too high , then the "slow -up " or parasympathetic endocrines are overproducing as opposed to the sympathetic endocrines . The predisposition to certain disease conditions is favored by autonomic and endocrine imbalance . With sympathetic dominance there is a tendency toward susceptibility to infections . When the phosphorous level is in excess , certain acute conditions may arise such as gall bladder attacks , acute , pyorrhea , hyper - thyroidism , angina pectoris , coronary thrombosis and cancer . Sympathetic dominance with excess arthritis

of

phosphorous predisposes to glaucoma . Diabetes is prac tically confined to the sympathetic dominants . The sympathetics are subject to gingival or sub -gingival caries if the calcium level is constantly below 8.7 mg . per 100 cc . of blood .

The parasympathetic dominant is chiefly given to a tendency towards calcareous deposits which form in various parts of the body . Chronic arthritis , cataracts or calculus deposits in kidneys , arterial walls , or on the teeth are frequent . They are subject to dental caries if the phosphorous stantly below 3.5 mg . per 100 cc of blood .

is con-

These rules of behavior are only generally applicable since each individual has his own endocrine pattern . In the main , however , the anterior pituitary, thyroid , androgen pro-

ducing gonads and adrenal medulla endocrines are the speedup glands and are associated with sympathetic dominance while the Isles of Langerhans of the pancreas , posterior pituitary , estrin producing gonads , parathyroid and adrenal cortex are the slow - down glands and are associated sympathetic dominance .

with para-

Since the endocrines are the determinants of body metabolism , it is obvious that their balance or lack of balance

will

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

53

be reflected in the growth of the body . Body proportions are the result of body chemistry and take a long time to develop . In general , sympathetic dominants have large breasts and are heavier above the waist , while the parasympathetics have most of their weight below the waist . Therefore , the location of fat upon the body is of assistance in determining upon which side the dominant endocrines may be found . In addition , the relationship of arm and leg measurements to each other will give information regarding the efficiency of

the body chemistry during the growing years . The arm and leg measurements are established , chiefly , by the subcutaneous fat , connective tissue , water distribution and glycogen . And

since the muscle does not affect the measurements seriously , the test applies to both sedentary and athletic types . It is of help to have knowledge of the past history of body chemistry even though , as infrequently happens , the individual has changed from dominance of one group of endocrines to dominance of the other group .

Curiously enough , a history of a person's activities will often show the approximate time at which the body chemistry change occurred . One case , illustrating this point , which came to our attention was that of a woman about forty whose body measurements indicated that she had been parasympathetic during her growing years . But , somewhere in the late

At that time she was a school teacher but decided that she would like to enter the

teens , she had changed to sympathetic .

field of social work . After a brief period , she felt that she would do better as a social worker if she had nurse's training ; then , that she would be better yet if she had a university America

,

studying

* See Chapter

VI

if

she traveled in Europe and South institutions and health problems there .

degree , and even better

DEGENERATION

54

All

this she accomplished

,

-REGENERATION

and then worked wonders at mak-

ing some of our backward institutions into modern , efficient contributors to the welfare of the people . In the early thirties , she became parasympathetic again , lost her zip , retired into herself and finally , at the age of forty, accepted compensation for ill health and thought it was about time for her to "make a call on St. Peter ." The reasons for the changes in her attitude toward life were that the endocrine imbalance , , registered in the personality as well as in phosphorous Sympathetic the calcium levels . dominants are mentally alert , generally extrovert , irritable , quick tempered , full of nervous energy and have a great deal of ambition ,

or dysfunction

sometimes beyond their physical abilities . Parasympathetics on the other hand , are generally phlegmatic , and must drive themselves to accomplish anything .

Arm and leg measurements indicate past history , but dental conditions give indications of both past and present chemical weaknesses . Hundreds of tests and years of research have shown that dental caries occur in inverse proportion to the efficiency of the body chemistry . Certain oral conditions , pale gums , calculus deposits and dental caries , are consistent with parasympathetics and bright red gums , pyorrhea , sub -gingival caries with sympathetics .

such

as

Other physical signs indicating the direction of imbalance or endocrine dysfunction are temperature and blood pressure . Low blood pressure and sub - normal temperatures are indicative of parasympathetic dominance and high blood pressure and above - normal temperatures ( even 1/10 of a degree above or below , is significant ) , are typical of the sympathetic dominants . Lack of lumen or half moons in the nails is an indication of inherited

deficiency and

will of

necessity

take

DEGENERATION longer

to correct

-

REGENERATION

than a deficiency

which occurs

55

after

birth . Since ,

above stated , the endocrines are the determiefficiency nants of the of body chemistry , we want to know where we get our individual endocrine setup and how it can be utilized to the best advantage , or made most efficient . as

First , our endocrine setup is determined before we are born . We inherit that from our ancestors whose body mechanism, by a process of survival of the fittest , became adapted to its environment over hundreds of years . The chief factor in their environment was food . It built and shaped the bodies and by affecting the glands , hormones , glandular secretions and nervous systems , it modified the mental and emotional who became make - up of our ancestors . Those individuals strongest under the natural , limited diet of generations past , handed down body mechanisms demanding certain things in

food for continued health . The limiting factors of food production, lack of transportation facilities , etc. , determined in those days who should survive . Today , because of the inter- change of knowledge through the printed word, by improved means of travel and transportation , we can determine who will survive by supplying those things to the individual mechanism which it requires for maximum efficiency . That is , we can , if we will make a chemical study of the body .

Just as some plants have adapted themselves to certain soil conditions , so certain races of people have adapted themselves to certain food requirements . The cactus thrives with a minimum of moisture , but not so the violet . Different conditions plus time , produce different requirements .

In general , the great nutritional differences of environin early man lay between coastal dwellers and inland

ment

DEGENERATION

56

-REGENERATION

. This difference lay chiefly in the mineral content of their foods . The coastal dwellers , subsisting largely on fish , adapted their body mechanism to a large intake of trace minerals ; whereas , the inland group came to require a lesser proportion of trace minerals . Certain physical characteristics distinguish the descendants of these two types . People of coastal or Nordic ancestry , have long heads and blue eyes ; those inland , mid - Europeans , dark eyes and round heads . Yet , in disregard of all this , most people nowadays , wherever they live, inland or on the coast , live on a standardized diet , and that , generally lacking in fish and hence sea - mineral con-

dwellers

It

may be stated here that in most instances , sea food contains many times the amount of soluble trace minerals that land grown food contains . Through the centuries these tent .

soluble minerals have been leached from the soils and added to the sea water . For instance , iodine is rich in any sea food , but deficient or totally lacking in foods grown more than fifty miles inland . The folly of using a standardized diet can be seen merely by studying the members of one family. members of any family inherit their endocrine pattern from the same ancestors and so , with two people in the same environment , eating the same foods , totally different effects may be obtained from the same diet . Even in twins ,

No two

we have come across a case where one was definitely sympathetic and the other sympathetic dominant .

para-

In addition to adopting a standardized diet , we have substituted refined and devitalized foods for the natural ones upon which our body mechanisms have become dependent . And if our endocrines do not receive from our food the materials for maintaining perfect organs , we must dysfunction expect and imbalance . That we have not taken into consideration the slowness with which our body mechan-

necessary

isms

adapt themselves

to nutritional

changes , is

evidenced

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

57

in

the increase of the degenerative diseases , those symptoms of the malfunction of the endocrines . Readjustment of our chemical apparatus to changed conditions takes thousands of . A general change in dietary habits taking place one or two hundred years partakes of the nature of sudden disaster . By adopting a standardized diet or refined and de-

generations

in

vitalized foods , we have thrust upon our endocrines an insuperable task of rapid adaptation .

But we can avoid disaster by adapting our diet to our chemical needs . Bio - chemical engineers can meet this necessity by teaching people the abilities and limitations of their bodies , its uses and functions . Dietary changes alone have done remarkable things in cases of disease , for it has been found that the body can cure itself of almost everything , if it has the proper chance if the reason for the lack of resistance to the disease is understood and the causes removed .

-

is already established , the use of endogive crine extracts to a boost to the depressed side of the autonomic system is of temporary assistance . But continued

Where

disease

function of the depressed endocrines is dependent upon a regular supply through food of the necessary constituents for making a perfect organ . Insulin , the natural healing agent of the body , is most generally used in cases of efficient

its

sympathetic dominance . In these cases the pancreas on the parasympathetic side is not secreting enough insulin of its dysfunction throws own to care for bodily needs , and by

the

as

as

parasympathetic may be used

of

brought into conjunction

play

.

and

Adrenal cortex hormone

in

sympathetic

re -

,

,

.

to

other endocrines out of line By adding insulin the system overcoming and stimulating all these endocrines well nutritional deficiencies the establishment the parasympathetic side can be attained and an equal pull between the

with

DEGENERATION

58

insulin in

- REGENERATION

some cases to strengthen the parasympathetic glands .

For parasympathetic dominants , a small amount of thyroid extract is often found to be beneficial , as that organ associated with the sympathetic endocrines is depressed . Pituitary extract may also be used with this or alone . But always the diet is the chief factor in restoring balance . Endocrine products are used chiefly as temporary aids .

In brief, automatic balance is dependent upon the endocrines . Our endocrine patterns are pre - determined but the proper functioning of the endocrines is chiefly dependent upon nutrition . That this contention is founded upon fact can be proved in two ways : 1 , by showing people living on a natural diet and having a low incidence of the degenerative by showing the reversing of disease by establishing normal diet . We will start with the second and discuss some

diseases ; 2 ,

of sympathetic dominance and parasympathetic nance , their symptoms and treatment .

cases

domi-

CHAPTER V PARASYMPATHETIC

I

DOMINANCE

N PARASYMPATHETICS we find the endocrines , Isle of Langerhans of the pancreas , adrenal cortex , and parathyroid overactive and assimilating an excess of calcium from the

This calcium floats along in the blood stream in a of suspension . As in a turgid river , the suspended matter tends to deposit in places of stagnation . In the human body places of injury cause a reduction in the flow of the blood food

.

state

stream and there we find calcium deposits . A variety of diseases may result depending upon the location of the deposits . If excess calcium lodges in the arteries we have what is called arterio -sclerosis (hardening of the arteries ) or coronary sclerosis (hardening of the arterial walls about the heart ) ; if in the arthritis results ; if in the eye , cataracts the teeth , we have calculus .

joints , chronic formed

;

if on

Instead of treating common cause excess

these

are

symptoms resulting from the best attack should be

calcium- the

to prevent the assimilation of an over - abundance of calcium . In order to do this , the bio -chemist seeks to correct the balance between the calcium and phosphorous content of the blood ; for if the phosphorous element is increased , its natural affinity for calcium will tend to use up the required amount of calcium in the formation of bones . With the cessation of free calcium , the depositing process will stop . But during the period of correction of balance we find a curious law at work . Nature seems to dictate that one extreme will be counteracted by another before a happy medium can be obtained . So generally a pendulum swing from excess calcium to excess phosphorous occurs . During this period of adjustment while the pendulum

swing in either direction

decreases

in momen-

DEGENERATION

60

- REGENERATION

tum the calcium deposits may be eaten away by the high phosphorous during those periods when it is dominant . Unfortunately , this does not always occur but if treatment is instituted for cataracts before vision and circulation have lessened ,

if the

it can

be achieved , or

disease has not been

in arthritis and arterio - sclerosis

of too long standing

.

It has been found that in general it is not effective merely supply a greater amount of phosphorous in the food intake . to It is the mechanics of assimilation that are at fault . And since the controlling factors

in the assimilation are the endocrines to improve their functioning . In an automobile if a part is not working efficiently , we can replace it but in the human body we cannot . However , since our bodily organs secure their building materials from our food ,

it

becomes

necessary

a defective organ can be improved to the extent by which we correct the diet . A diet supplying not only calcium and phosphorous , proteins , carbohydrates and fats but also vita-

mins and minerals , the necessary constituents of effective glands , is required . (As previously stated the greatest concentration of these two food elements in the body is found

by chemical analysis to be in the glands .) The endocrines thus revived in functioning ability tend to re - establish by themselves the correct balance between calcium

Correct nutrition is the fundamental

and phosphorous

.

treatment for these

ills , which are actually deficiency diseases . In cases in which the disease is deep seated it is possible to hasten recovery by boosting " the work of the glands through the use of

"

products . This method is to supplement any deficient glands by adding to the blood stream those extracts in which they are deficient in the amounts in which they are deficient . How this is done is described later in this endocrine

book.

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

61

Throughout the course of treatment , repeated and regular blood tests will give indications of the efficacy of this method of attack upon the disease . If the calcium - phosphorous pro-

plicity of endocrine patterns which may occur . ( A new method of determining this endocrine pattern has greatly simplified diagnosis , and is discussed in Chapter I Part II .) Possible combinations are as numerous as our ancestral antecedents . may even be misplaced or dietary needs confused because of heredity , or though not displaced , for some unknown reason the glands may work by opposites and what would ordinarily stimulate the thyroid does not do so . Nature Glands

is so adept at adjusting the mechanism to the situation that man must ever be alert to understand her intention and to keep pace with her possibilities

To

illustrate

.

parasympathetics

, their symptoms , types of nutritional and endocrine treatment , few histories of actual patients :

disease and the effects of

we will discuss a

Miss A. was a most unusual case for , although only eighteen , she had cataracts . Like her immediate ancestors she was a Southerner of Irish stock . Her vision was reduced to 10 % of normal . She had a good position as secretary and assistant

a dentist but , naturally, her fear of losing her eyesight was coupled with the fear of losing her job . No one knew how serious her handicap was because she always deciphered her

to

notes when alone by the aid of a reading glass . Miss A. was five feet three in height , and weighed 138 ; her blood pressure was 130/67 , her temperature , plus .4 , and her body measurements were 1.544 , the normal measurements being 1.410 . She had unusually large , well curved breasts but was sexually

iti

portions improve , headway is being made ; if not , then a change is indicated . Actually , treatment under this system is simple but diagnosis is extremely difficult due to the multi-

DEGENERATION

62

- REGENERATION

cold . She had plenty of pep and was attractive to men . Excesses in her diet were found in beer , soft drinks , and sugar . She was a chain smoker , using nicotine to quiet her jittery nerves .

Miss A.'s plus temperature , higher than normal blood pressure , inordinate pep and the distribution of weight above the waist led to a diagnosis of sympathetic dominance and

insulin injections rected sugar .

were given regularly . Her diet was corthat she ceased to indulge in beer , soft drinks and Her use of cigarettes was gradually lessened . Within

in

three months her 10 % vision had increased to 50 % but after that we were baffled as she ceased to make any further progress . It was decided to re - study the case . Two indications of para-

sympathetic dominance were noted . First , her bodily measurements were slightly on the parasympathetic side , and second , there were two small pads of fat just above the hip

bone and one between the shoulder blades . Since progress had been only temporary under the sympatheic dominant treatment , it was decided to try the parasympathetic dominant treatment . Thyroid and vitamin B were given , and about five injections began again .

of posterior

pituitary .

Improvement

Here , you see , was a confusion of symptoms , some indicating the dominance of one set of glands , some indicating the dominance of the opposite set of glands . Nutritional correction alone accounted for the increase of vision from 10 % to 50 % in the first three months . And that was accomplished in spite of the incorrect endocrine treatment , a significant point for any who are skeptical about the importance of diet as a causative factor in disease .

After about a year and treatment , Miss A. was

as

a

well

half of the correct endocrine anyone . There was no sign

as

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

63

of cataract and there has been no return of symptoms since that time . But there were other changes which occurred besides the return of vision . She attained a more normal weight by losing nine pounds , her breasts were no longer so large and her personality had completely changed . When she first came to the office she announced that she was going to marry her boss , not because she loved him but because he was the best she could get . She had said , " He is engaged now , but I'll fix that up . " She did , but when they were married it was because she loved him . Her former cold nature had changed to one warm and normally affectionate

.

cataracts , if we can eliminate the calcium from the blood , we get good results . This method is very satisfactory in incipient cataracts , but if the cataract gets dense enough to block off the circulation and vision completely , there is no chance for the reversal of these deposits . Miss A. was an excellent case to improve ; age and

In my experience with

excess

everything else was

in

her favor . However

,

advanced age does

not rule out the possibility of cure . Vision was greatly increased for a man of seventy - seven under this same method of treatment .

Mrs. B. was thirty - three years of age , five feet eleven in height , weighed 158 , and was of Dutch and German ancestry .

Her diet was rich in sugar , and deficient in trace minerals and vitamin B complex . Her blood pressure was 120/70 , temperature minus three tenths ; the mucous membranes were pale , she was sensitive to cold had cold hands and feet slept a great deal because of extreme tiredness , and had back

-

-

pains . Her measurements were 1.406 indicating that she had been a sympathetic dominant during her growing years .

Her blood

pressure indicated

that she might

still be

so

at

DEGENERATION

64

times but dominance

all other

- REGENERATION

indications

were

of parasympathetic

.

She had two complaints when first seen : 1 , she had been having acute arthritis in her hip and back , off and on for

several years , and 2 , she had a stone in the left sub - maxillary gland ( a duct under the chin ) the size of a bean . At times , this stone would increase to such a size as to cause the duct to become occluded . Then the saliva would become entrapped and produce swelling and pain in that region . These complaints when added to our knowledge of her through physical symptoms , showed very definitely that body chemistry was neither balanced nor stable , that it swung from one extreme to the other . Calcium -phosphorous as gained

substantiated this deduction . When the phoslevel was high , the intense pain of acute arthritis was present . Since we could not maintain a high phosphorous level for a sufficient length of time to entirely dissolve the stone because of the consequent return of arthritis , it was

blood

tests

phorous

to attain a very fine adjustment cium and phosphorous levels . necessary

by

between the cal-

By eliminating sugar and white flour from the diet and of the trace minerals , vitamin B complex , haliver oil ,

use

and an otherwise adequate diet , great stability of the calciumphosphorous levels was eventually obtained . Not , however , without preliminary fluctuations of these levels . When the phosphorous was in excess , the stone would dissolve and the arthritis kick up . And when the calcium was in excess , the

a

to

,

.

its

stone would increase in size and the arthritis would disappear . After a year of treatment , the stone became one - half former size and the arthritis practically disappeared So complete cure because of though we were unable affect

DEGENERATION the opposition discomfort

-REGENERATION

of her difficulties , we were able

to a very marked degree

Mr. C. ,

65

to reduce her

.

of 55 , weighed 204 pounds and temperature was six feet tall . His was minus one tenth , pale always , membranes were he was tired , had frequent colds , and did not like cold weather . He ate no suger but a road contractor

did eat pie , canned fruit , and white bread . Blood tests showed that he had a high calcium level and this upheld the other indications of parasympathetic dominance . We treated him with thyroid, 3/10 grains per day for two weeks , 2/10 grains daily , for two weeks and 1/10 grain daily for three to four months and then endocrine

treatment ceased

.

In

the mean-

time , we took him off sugar and foods containing sugar . Since he was a blue - eyed Swede we knew that his dietary require-

ments should include a high amount of the trace minerals . As his calcium level was reduced towards normal , there was a gradual lessening of deposits until he was cured . And so

long as he continues to be in chemical balance , he will be free of arthritis . Incidentally , his blood pressure is gradually improving and with the continuance of a correct diet , should be reduced to normal .

*

As you have just noted , Case B had acute arthritis with a high phosphorous level and Case C had depositing arthritis ,

high calcium level . Since different types of this disease with opposing sides of the autonomic system , we will devote some time to it before taking up those diseases which are typical only of sympathetic dominance . with

a

are found to be associated

CHAPTER VI ARTHRITIS OR THE PURPOSE

FOR the the

various

disease

of this chapter we will omit description of of arthritis or rheumatism and treat of

types

only

as

it

relates

to calcium phosphorous

metab-

-

joint . Pericementitis is also inflammation of a joint – the tooth joint – and is the forerunner of pyorrhea alveolaris . The chief differolism . Arthritis is defined

as

inflammation

of

a

ence between pyorrhea

and arthritis is that pyorrhea can be treated locally without great difficulty . Soothing lotions can be applied directly to the inflamed areas and irritating deposits can be readily removed by instrumentation

.

Inflamed joints , covered by soft tissue , are not readily to medication and instrumentation . The treatment

accessible

be nearly all systemic . Since pericementitis are but symptoms of the same disease , systemic treatment is equally applicable to them . From the dental standpoint , while the disease may be alleviated by local treatmust of necessity

and arthritis

ment , without treatment designed to correct the disease from a basic standpoint , nothing is done to prevent its recurrence either at the tooth joint or some other point . Assuming that encompasses pyorrhea , pericementitis , and gingivitis and is a disease of disturbed metabolism directly influenced by calcium - phosphorous levels of the blood , we should find these levels out of balance where the disease occurs and

arthritis

balance should the case .

bring relief from

its

symptoms .

This is

The onset of the disease is usually marked by pain and tenderness . It may or may not be accompanied by swelling .

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

67

In

this acute stage , we have repeatedly found that the calcium level of the blood is low and the phosphorous level is bony structures are affected , there is a withdrawal high . of calcium , and if this stage lasts long enough , a dissolving

If

process is evidenced by means of the X - ray . This stage or type of arthritis I , therefore , call the " dissolving stage . " Since

of the affected parts elicits increased pain and the inflammatory process , rest is essential for the parts affected . movement

increases

The initial

is usually not

process

of long duration

.

In

a

usually subsides

few the inflammation and the patient may not have another attack for years and possibly forever . The chances are , however , that unless the cause is eliminated , the attacks will recur with ever increasing frequency . weeks ,

The periods between acute attacks , at first , are often symptomless , except for slight pain with unusual movement or a slight , scarcely noticeable stiffness . But with increased frequency of acute attacks , the discomfort of the in - between periods is more marked . At these times , we find the calcium levels high and the phosphorous levels low . X - rays show that there is a tendency for the uncombined calcium to deposit in the etched areas resulting from the previous acute stage . For this reason , it is called the " depositing stage ." dissolving or acute stage may in a small proportion persist of cases for long periods of time with very little of depositing stage , or the depositing stage may persist with the history no of the acute stage . Both types of cases are illus-

The

trated by two elderly sisters , cripples , whose time was spent either in bed , or in wheelchairs . One had the dissolving type of arthritis , or what might be called the prolonged acute stage , to the degree that the bones of the fingers and toes had completely disappeared

.

The other sister had the depositing

4

889

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

68

.

.

-

.

,

form of arthritis or arthritis deformans Her hands and feet were gnarled and club like Most of her joints were permanently ankylosed This sister later had her leg amputated

.

.

a

it

.

so

occluded of gangrene The arteries had become with calcium that was practically bloodless operation Both cases resulted from disturbed body chemistry because

in

of

is

characterized by alterThe ordinary case of arthritis nating high and low levels phosphorous which the acute

Although faulty body chemistry

of

.

,

is

.

is

is

in

,

or dissolving stage rarely lasts more than six weeks and the chronic or depositing stage the usual stage which the individual lives The patient often thinks that he over his arthritis in this later stage and that his stiffness but the result of the acute stage ,

a

is

so

.

to

.

a

is

arthritis the cause faulty body chemistry there are number of causes for this Hence treatment cure the disease depends upon recognition of the factor or factors responsible Mental conditions may wide fluctuaaffect the body chemistry that there

of

.

of

.

of

tion calcium and phosphorous levels During times depression many business men develop aches and pains from worry that later disappear with the return more normal business conditions

as

in

of

.

in in

.

a

,

a

in

,

a

Mechanical conditions can produce defective chemistry part by interference with normal circulation witness tying off part Pemberton's experiment the blood supply dog's leg resulting the arthritic deposits Arthritis sleeping posture producing intershoulder may come from ference with circulation of

.

is

,

,

,

is

.

Infection may affect the body chemistry When infection the cause its removal usually clears up the arthritis Infection however but one factor which may affect body

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

69

The greatest mistake in the treatment of arthritis has been the supposition that there must always be infection at the root of the disease . Thousands of mouths have been chemistry .

wrecked by the needless extraction of teeth to say nothing of the removal of tonsils , gall bladders , appendices , and whatnot , to no avail . Even these measures have generally given some temporary relief in chronic forms of arthritis , for the healing process following operation serves to raise the phosphorous level , often sufficiently so that the patient feels sure for awhile that the cause of his trouble has been found and removed .

Disillusionment

for

continues

infection

.

comes

I believe

later and the search

this

phenomenon

of

apparent relief after any operation has misled many of the profession to the belief that arthritis is always due to infection .

When infection is the

cause

of arthritis we have found

the most usual source to be tonsil tags or stumps , pyorrhea and devital teeth are second in order and kidney infection , the third . The differential blood picture usually will have a high white count

, and a high sedimentaattempt tion rate when infection exists . An is made to approximately locate the source of the infection and to send the patient to the specialist needed .

X-rays

, a

high stab count

are of prime necessity in ruling on the health of

the teeth and surrounding structures . Pressure on the jugular vein according to the technic of Dr. Otto Meyer of New York will determine inflammation to be present or absent in this vein . If present , the patient will wince at slight pressure . This according to Doctor Meyer indicates the presence of

infection somewhere in the vicinity of the jugular vein . This most often is in the tonsilar region . He reports that about 98 % of the tonsils removed in the past were done incom-

DEGENERATION

70

-REGENERATION

pletely , the stumps remaining then becoming a continuing source of infection as they could no longer drain into the throat as intended

because

We have sent over tonsilar stump removal

of the scar

a hundred

tissue

covering them .

cases to the surgeon

based on diagnosis by means

for of Meyer's

pressure points , and history of tonsil operation sometime in the past . In every case such diagnosis has been confirmed by pathologist's report . We have learned to use this pressure point technic on every patient who shows any indication of infection in the blood examination . When there is no pain upon pressure , the patient usually has his tonsils intact . From my experience in this regard in the last few years , I would

surmise that more tonsilectomies are performed than needed . Microscopic

analysis of the urine will usually indicate if of kidneys , bladder or other sections of

there is any infection the urinary tract .

Gonoccal infection

The

should be ruled out of course .

cause may be

in the diet ; not in meats that are red , thought , but in an inadequate diet ; a diet deficient as once was in one or more of the essentials needed by the body . The author has found that the diets of arthritics are preponderately carbohydrate and deficient in the trace minerals . Usually a deficiency of the vitamins B is found if the any part of refined carbohydrates , for even not apt to have too much of the vitamins B for In this respect refined carbohydrates such as

by the number of calories they contain calories of life - containing foods .

In

,

diet consists in a good diet is

optimal health

.

sugar , displace

an equal number of

a series of several hundred arthritics , nearly all conlarge quantities of sugar . Sugar disturbs calciumsumed phosphorous balance more than other single factor . It dis-

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

71

turbs it in the direction of higher calcium and lower phosphorous . When the effect of the sugar has worn off , there is a rebound in the opposite direction for action equals reaction

.

Nutritional treatment , therefore , consists of a diet which contains all of the essentials which the body needs , and which does not contain substances which the body is unequipped to handle efficiently . The latter things are principally white flour , sugar and alcohol . The modified diabetic diet is the ideal diet for the arthritic as well as for nearly everyone else . It is the biologic diet. Menopausal arthritis is due to disturbed glandular function which is but increased at the time of menopause . The disturbance in body chemistry may not have been severe enough prior to the time of menopause to create any distressing symptoms . It might be noted at this time that menopause is but a normal process in people whose body

chemistry is normal , but if the body chemistry is abnormal , the period then becomes one of physical and mental stress . Treatment of arthritis of this origin is chiefly endocrine and nutritional . The sex hormones are used principally though

insulin

is

of great

service

when

used

at

the

proper

times .

.

Symptomatic treatment for the immediate relief of pain of the use of endocrine products , for we can best

consists

follow the rules of nature and use those products that nature equilibrium of body chemistry . A little uses to maintain augmentation of the body's own endocrine products often serves the body well , and in a way most acceptable to the body . Sugar raises the calcium level and lowers the phosphorous level . Molasses or honey will do the same and since

DEGENERATION

72

- REGENERATION

and honey contain valuable food ingredients in addition to sugar , they may well be used . A tablespoon or more at each meal to relieve the pain in acute arthritis is of great benefit , for if the phosphorous level is dropped to forty per cent of the calcium level , the inflammation will usually disappear within a few hours . molasses

Three unit injections of insulin repeated as often as may be necessary can be used in conjunction with the molasses or honey , for in the acute stage of arthritis the patient is sympathetic dominant . therapy in these must be stopped as soon as the acute stage subsides . After the acute stage is over , the treatment is largely nutritional . This may be augmented by endocrine therapy . The blood should be acute

The response to insulin and molasses cases is often spectacular , but these

measures

checked at frequent intervals to keep track of the proportion of phosphorous to calcium . All glandular substances are cumulative in action and the phosphorous level may rise past the 40 per cent mark and cause a return of the acute symptoms . the author has done this several times and more than once unintentionally . Discontinuance of the extract for a few days before resuming at a lessened amount will suffice to terminate the acute symptoms . Experimentally

,

The object of nutritional treatment is to correct endocrine function , for endocrine substitution or augmentation is at best a crude method of furnishing the desired hormones , for it is impossible to supply the products at the natural rate of glandular secretion , or to know exactly just what secretions need augmentation . It is difficult to judge how much substance should be given even with the calcium - phosphorous

DEGENERATION levels as a guide

.

- REGENERATION

Without them it

has

73

been mostly pure

guess .

Allergy

of rheumatic pain . This is not reflected in the calcium - phosphorous levels . The author knows of two cases where lumbago was caused by the drinking of coffee . Coffee with the caffein removed did is another cause

always

not have this effect .

It is to be emphasized , however , that the cure of arthritis lies only in the reversal of the process which depleted the efficiency of the body chemistry . A new name for the many centuries old diet of our fathers is the " biologic diet . " It is composed of essentially the same materials , though possibly in

form , as was the food of our ancestors . It produced strong , sturdy people , and is just as well fitted for us now as it was for them then . Our modern civilized diets different

differ from the biologic diet principally by the introduction of refined foods . With the elimination of these refined foods , the instincts which guided our ancestors in the selection of food , once more take charge . Without fail our instincts guide us to the biologic diet providing it is available . As demonstrated by Doctor Richter of Johns Hopkins University , the lack of common sense on the part of mankind in the control

of foods has produced the digestive chaos which calls for an army of nutritional experts . The perfection of nutritional science but hands this control back to nature again . We must remember that although our environment has changed ,

in which we live are the same as they were a thousand or ten thousand years ago , so far as chemical function is concerned .

the bodies

On the biologic diet , the arthritic may expect to gradu ally increase the efficiency of his body chemistry and as he

DEGENERATION

74

-

REGENERATION

so , the arthritis will gradually disappear . Under suitable endocrine treatment along with the biologic diet , recovery may be greatly speeded . It is understood , of course , that the scars , so - to - speak , of the arthritis may persist for a long time if not forever . There is also a great difference in the ability does

.

of different people to respond to nutritional treatment . This does not depend so much on the age of the individual as it does on the duration of the nutritional inadequacy . This is calculated in generations rather than years . If the patient's immediate ancestors were from Europe where nutritional conditions on the whole have been better than in the United States for that ancestry , the patient's response is usually prompt . Where the patient's immediate ancestors were Americans , the response is less prompt, and if several generations of Americans precede the patient , the response is apt to be slow .

A

case

will

illustrate

:

A young

man of twenty - seven came with a multiplicity of ills . He had badly inflamed gums , a devitalized tooth , arthritis of the hands and feet and psoriasis .

The devitalized tooth

was extracted and local treatment

given for the inflamed condition of the gums . The psoriasis , a skin disease diagnosed by an eminent dermatologist , had resisted treatment for fourteen years . It occurred in large patches over the body and through the hair . At times , the thick scales dropped off in showers , at other times the exudation penetrated his clothes . Because of the arthritis , this young missionary had been sent back from Alaska and physicians had told him that he could never return to such a

His church had given him a year's leave of for his badly swollen and painful hands and feet interfered with his work . severe

climate .

absence to improve his health

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

75

Local treatment was begun for the oral conditions but their effect would be no more permanent or ultimately successful than had been the local treatment of the psoriasis and

arthritis . It was believed that systemic treatment to correct the gum conditions would also have an effect on the other symptoms of disorder .

The first calcium phosphorous blood test gave a reading to 3.1 phosphorous , which is a pretty good balance until you realize that that calcium level was only attained through sugar intake . Sugar and white flour were omitted from the diet and two to four units of insulin and one - tenth grain of posterior pituitary were given daily . Flucof

9.0 calcium

tuations in the color of the gums and the pain in the hands began . Two blood tests , taken at a time of reduced pain and inflammation gave readings of 8.3 calcium to 2.8 phosphorous and 8.6 calcium to 2.7 phosphorous . This calcium level in

of the phosphorous accounted for the physical imGradually, the patient was taught to watch the . color of his gums . If bright red and inflammed , he was to come for an insulin injection . If not , he was to take only posterior pituitary in amounts which he learned to regulate excess

provement

of his hands . If pain occurred , he could take as high as one and one - half tenth grains of posterior pituitary tablets ; if no pain , he was to take as little as was necessary to maintain that state . Within a few weeks , according to the condition

pain through the weakened joints to undue

he learned that he could control

the arthritis

this means if he did not expose exercise or cold . Swelling was slower to respond to this treatment than the pain , but that , too , finally disappeared . Along with this , began a gradual disappearance of the psoriasis .

First , the inner portions of the patches faded , then the stubborn outer rings faded out and finally , with exposure to sun

DEGENERATION

76

- REGENERATION

and salt water , the patches over his entire body disappeared , leaving only faint scars . The patient , tickled as a child , went to the dermatologist to show him what had happened under had failed .

systemic

treatment

where

local

treatment

This man will , however , have to remain on the corrected diet for the rest of his life and temporary lapses must be expected until his body chemistry stays at normal for a considerable period of time . Conditions of three to fourteen years ' standing cannot be wiped out in a minute . That is not nature's way ; bad health appears in cycles , good health returns the same way .

This

patient proved a valuable source of information as

to the diet of the primitive Eskimo

. He fully corroborates Waugh Doctors Price and and states that the Eskimo uses seal or other animal fat for the purpose for which he used candy namely , to give warmth and quick energy . Besides containing heat units in the proportion of nine to four as com-

-

pared to candy , fat furnishes more heat and energy without disturbing the calcium -phosphorous balance .

case was of a woman fifty - two years of age , of ancestry on one side and Holland French on the She was the typical American of long - headed Nordic

Another English

other . ancestry .

She

lived

in Detroit

;

her parents before her had

and Michigan . Her measurements showed that she had been a parasympathetic during her growing age . This type of measurement in a woman of her age means only lived in Wisconsin

that the environment of her youth was unsuitable for her type of body chemistry . It does not necessarily mean that her present environment

is unsuitable , although ,

if it

were ap-

DEGENERATION proximately be so

still .

- REGENERATION

the same as formerly

,

77

it could be presumed to

Her diet was just about typical of the American diet of people of her station in life . She ate meat , eggs , fish (mostly fresh water ) , two slices of whole wheat bread daily . She had cereal of some kind at breakfast and ate all kinds of vegetables , both raw and cooked as well as orange or tomato juice at least once per day . She drank six cups of coffee daily , in each of which she used one teaspoonful of sugar . That , with one teaspoonful for her cereal , made seven . Besides this , she ate candy , cake , cookies , and canned

fruit .

All of which

contain refined

sugar . She had begun to lose her pep in the last few years , and so had become accustomed to taking two cocktails and a highball each day . She smoked about a package of cigarettes daily . The blood pressure was 164-95 , which indicates sympathetic dominance , while her analysis for calcium and phosphorous was perfect – being ten to four . This latter was due to the effect of the sugar in counterbalancing the calcium-

-

phosphorous

levels . When she omitted sugar from her diet for awhile the true state of her body chemistry was indicated by the calcium - phosphorous tests , which at this time were 8.4 of calcium to 4 of phosphorous .

After two months of biologic diet the calcium level began to rise and in three months the calcium and phosphorous levels were once more in balance , but this time without the artificial prop of the sugar , and also , without the arthritis . She was particularly pleased to report that she had danced all evening at a party for some time .

- something

she had been unable

to do

DEGENERATION

78

- REGENERATION

This case had a favorable outcome in other respects . It showed how behavior often reflects the state of the body chemistry . She had used alcoholic drinks regularly only for the last two years . She explained that she felt better when taking them and decided that since she was a grandmother and her family all grown , she had a right now to do as she pleased, if it made her more comfortable . Some might ask, why not use sugar to maintain better equilibrium of calcium and phosphorous levels in sympathetic dominants ? First of all , it cannot be done effectively without taking just the right amounts at frequent intervals , and secondly, the method increases the deficiency already existing — adding fuel to the fire , so to speak . Sugar is a drug and at times can be used for the purpose of raising the calcium level and lowering the phosphorous level . But its use would be for temporary effect only.

It is interesting to note that after this woman's body chemistry became more efficient , she ceased to feel the need for six cups of coffee and the alcoholic drinks daily . She also ceased to be a chain smoker . man of forty-five suffering from acute arthritis in his hands came to our attention . His history was interesting and the outcome of treatment amazing . As a new employee he

A

.

its

heard considerable about the effect of sugar upon body chemistry and voluntarily ceased use Under ordinary circumstances this would have been beneficial but in his case it was

.

as

"

"

a

a

.

a

disastrous For number of years this man had been drinkpint of liquor daily and occasionally went on ing week's toot well He had completely given up the liquor two ,

.

to

months previous our acquaintance with him By ceasing sugar both and alcohol he had knocked the props out from

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

79 79

under his faulty body chemistry . Unwittingly he had used excessive amounts of sugar and alcohol to maintain a calcium level consistent with the high phosphorous level produced by his faulty body chemistry .

pains

,

,

,

,

a

of

ill .

The too - sudden drop in this man's calcium level made him acutely The inflammation his gums increased he had high temperature rapid pulse raised blood pressure severe

.

.

,

of

of

It

a

of

in

in

his hands and was state delirium for some days was not until he was given posterior pituitary tablets that the inflammation his gums and hands decreased and sanity By regular blood tests daily checks returned his tempera-

,

of

.

a

to

,

,

of

ture specific gravity his urine and the color his gums pituitary posterior dosage the of was increased two and onehalf tenths of grain per day The swelling and pain in his

it

if

-

,

hands disappeared the blood calcium phosphorous approached normal and his desire for sweets and alcohol was as had is

.

of

of

as

.

of

posterior pituitary being never been The daily intake gradually reduced improvethe blood tests indicate basic ment the functioning this patient's body chemistry posterior pituitary subseven years the amount taking has been reduced gradually that now he 3/400 grains daily We take this mean that his own posterior you pituitary gland has almost regained normal function figure out you will find that the amount has been reduced ,

the original

We have had only our experience with

dose

.

1/33

of

to

it

.

If

.

to

is

so

of

During

stance

,

. a

as

in

in

,

of

a

a

to

few cases similar this one but from few alcoholics and with many sugar addicts believe that many these people are really sick people They are deficient posterior pituitary secretion and result have too little calcium and too much phosphorous the

80

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

produces a . This condition which is relieved by alcohol which blood

state

of nervous irritation

raises the calcium level of

the blood and lowers the phosphorous level at the same time . As a matter of fact , I believe that these chronic alcoholics are advised to carry candy with them at all times and when the urge for a drink comes on them to substitute a sweet instead . This no doubt is a lesser evil ; how much less an evil I am not sure .

CHAPTER VII SYMPATHETIC DOMINANCE YMPATHETIC DOMINANCE predisposes to infectious diseases , to cardio - vascular conditions , cancer , acute arthritis , diabetes and gall bladder trouble . In these conditions a high phos-

SYMPA

phorous level exists with overactivity of the adrenal medulla thyroid , androgenic gonads and anterior pituitary glands .

,

In general , the

rule is to use secretions from the opposing glands to inhibit sympathetic dominance . These amounts are very minute . For instance , when the phosphorous level needs to be depressed and insulin is indicated , only enough is used to counteract the action of its overactive

parasympathetic

opponents without changing the sugar level of the blood at all . This ordinarily is two to three units daily .

For diabetics , the rule has been to give insulin until the sugar level of the blood is normal . Now it is known that diabetes is often due to overactivity of the anterior pituitary gland and insulin is given in such cases to counteract this activity rather than to augment production of the Isles of Langerhans of the Pancreas . This is the more readily understood now that the total daily production of insulin by the normal gland is estimated to be from 15 to 18 units daily . Certainly daily amounts far larger than that cannot be for augmentation . As a matter of fact , we find that insulin is not the only substance of choice to lower a sugar level . Anything which inhibits the anterior pituitary when it is at fault or augments the Isles of Langerhans when they are weak or augments the posterior pituitary when it is deficient in hormone production should be used in the amounts needed to correct function of the various glands involved . Many of the so - called insulin re-

DEGENERATION

82 32

- REGENERATION

sistant cases , I believe , are insulin resistant because the right tools are not used to do the work nor the right gauges to check correctness of the treatment . We believe calcium -phosphorous important to check as is the sugar level of the help would in selecting the right tools for the work.3

metabolism is

SUN Q1MTEL

blood

1

.

It

as

So far as it has been observed , cancer cases are usually sympathetic dominants . If people could be kept in autonomic balance , that is being neither parasympathetic nor sympathetic , cancer would probably be prevented . We suspect that as

of the growth controlling pituitary or belated growth of the chin bone (acromegaly ) , so another type of dysfunction of the pituitary offers no regulation to the stoppage of cell growth , a characteristic of cancer . This is analogous to toxic goiter where correct control is not exerted by the gland . Insulin has been used satisfactorily to lessen the discomfort of cancer and there is some evidence as to its curative power especially in cases of skin cancer .

one kind of dysfunction gland leads to gigantism

A New England physician of my acquaintance has been using insulin in the treatment of cancer for more than fifteen years with a great deal of success . We have noticed that many of our patients who had cancer also had overactive anterior pituitary glands . We arrived at the point where we could preFrom

THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY

1949 , Volume 9 , Number 3 , page 247 .

, March

Carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus , fundamentally , results from a deficiency of the hormone insulin . Cori and Cori (24) have recently centered attention upon the enzyme hexokinase and its probable role in facilitating the reaction : glucose plus adenosine triphosphate yield glucose -6 - phosphate plus adenosine diphosphate . This reaction represents the first step in the body's utilization of glucose . It is inhibited by the diabetogenic hormone of the anterior pituitary . Insulin acts as an antagonist to the diabetogenic hormone , and has no effect in its absence (25) . Therefore , the apparent and perhaps sole effect of insulin is to augment this reaction .

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

83

dict from this feature of the endocrine pattern ( to be described later ) when there was a history of cancer in the family of the patient . This holds true so many times that we are convinced that the answer to cancer lies in the metabolism just as does the answer to the other degenerative diseases

.

In

cases of allergies which so often result in asthma , sinusdigestive itis or disturbances , we have one more example of a deficiency disease . The symptoms are those typical of the illnesses listed above and the cause generally given is " sensi-

tivity to foods , pollens or dust ." Actually the sensitivity is merely a symptom ; the real cause lies in the breakdown of the cells in different parts of the body . Sometimes this occurs in the mucous membranes of the nose and throat but more often the intestinal wall . Normally the intestinal wall can be permeated by only four substances , sugar , water , the amino and fatty acids and mineral salts in solution . Where allergies

in

occur the efficiency of the intestinal wall has been reduced to the point where proteins are able to permeate it and directly enter the blood stream

therefore , should not be based on the removal of harmful foods , pollens , and dust except as a temporary measure for the relief of symptoms , but upon the causes of the imperfect body chemistry . In cases of allergies or asthma in children , the addition of the trace min.

Treatment

,

erals often clears up the difficulty with rapidity . In adults , response is slow to diet alone because the deficiency has been of such long standing that it takes a greater length of time to re - establish normal body chemistry .

In a like manner ulcers , a disease common among sympathetic dominants , is due to the weakening of the cells of the stomach wall . As these cells become deficient they become the victims of the body's own digestive juices . The purpose of the

"bland" or " sippy "

diet is to neutralize to

a degree

the gastric

DEGENERATION

84

- REGENERATION so

to

to

at

provide the same time by frequent feedings they them with material work on that will not continue

juices and

.

these

we find

diseases

a

With all

of calcium-

lack

.

,

is

.

When the balance

?

these diseases through regular blood tests and through early

dietary correction prevent their development

develop immunity

to to

in

-

of

to

.

of

in

angina The value of trace minerals the treatment pectoris was discovered quite by accident At different times three patients added trace minerals their diet for the purphosphorous balancing pose order levels their calcium

.

to

It

.

of

-

.

.

to

dental decay Each patient happened angina have In each instance before the calcium phosphorous angina had levels had been balanced very long symptoms disappeared was not until this occurred the third or fourth time that credit for the recovery from angina was given the trace minerals

One serious

as

it

,

it

at

,

of

.

as

to

a

case was of

so

badly man who had angina preserve that he sold his business and went south his life long possible As with many these cases his left arm was night useless To make comfortable was necessary for .

him to lift with the other arm and cradle in pillows Within three weeks after adding trace minerals his diet he was going around all the neighbors showing how he could raise his arm He says that he well he ever was This case has had no recurrence ten years

, .

as

.

is

in

.

as

to

to

.

it

it

NANCE

is

rebalance in the blood through stored nutritional correction and endocrine treatment health often regained Why not locate susceptibility

phosphorous

to

ou

C CENTRSTYLE

in

.

,

O

to

.

,

the destruction within the system itself However unless we can rebuild the resistance of the stomach wall the gastric any juices we cannot hope for real cure Vitamin and mineral deficiencies the diet must be located and supplied and the chemistry of the body made more efficient

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

85

Up to

date we have found only a few cases of angina which responded have not in such fashion . This quick and almost response miraculous is explained , perhaps , on page 381 of MacLeod's PHYSIOLOGY AND BIO -CHEMISTRY in which , in describing

it states

nutrient solutions and their effects upon the heart , that " when the mineral salts are added to the nutrient

fluids the effect upon the heart is truly remarkable ." From our evidence , this idea seems to be upheld . The late Professor Cavanaugh of Cornell University discovered that kelp , a form of seaweed and one of our best sources of trace minerals , contains a great deal of mannite which is an effective vasodilator . Because of these two facts and the results which

we have achieved through our treatment , we judge angina to be partly caused by a deficiency of the trace minerals . It is almost always benefited when kelp is added to the diet .

Goiter , an enlargement of the thyroid gland ,

has several

classifications according to structure and symptoms , the chief ones being simple , colloidal , exophthalmic and toxic . There may be reduced glandular secretion or there may be increased

glandular secretion . In the latter case , in chemical structure from the normal . be disputed by experts in the field of matter of fact , so far as is known by

the secretion differs This statement may endocrinology

.

As

a

the writer , chemical analysis of toxic secretions has never been undertaken . The supposition that overfunction of the thyroid may produce a toxic or abnormal secretion is based on the following reasoning :

Thyroid disorders

are common to the goiter belts . These goiter belts are regions where the iodine content in foods as well as in soil and water is almost nil . The largest constituent

of the thyroid secretion is iodine . It is easy to understand how a subnormal thyroid having reduced activity may produce a lessened

hormone secretion and yet a secretion which contains

DEGENERATION

86 58

- REGENERATION

the proper amount of iodine in relation to its other elements . It is , however , hard for the writer to understand how the thyroid, under increased activity but still with an insufficient amount of iodine to draw from in the food , could produce a chemically normal secretion and a secretion containing the needed amount of iodine . In territories known as goiter belts , we have both types of goiter , overactive and underactive and it is generally believed by both laymen and medics that the iodine deficiency in these regions is the cause of both types .

If

both types of goiter are due to the same causes , the different manifestations depend upon the different reactions of the individuals to these same causes . Goiter , one of the diseases discovered as being due to a mineral lack , is a deficiency disease . Some twenty years ago it was found that goiter symptoms could be greatly reduced by adding iodine

first

to the drinking water or to the table salt . Rain has washed the iodine from the soil in the mountainous and inland regions and so in these sections we have a much greater proportion of goitrous cases than in the coastal areas

.

High blood pressure and low blood pressure are considered together , for strange as it may seem , their primary causes are similar in that they are both due to abnormalities of body chemistry . The blood pressure is taken at two levels called the diastolic (between surges of blood from the heart ) , and the systolic (when the pressure of the surge is the highest ) . It is the latter that is usually considered to be the blood pressure . The normal figure is thought to be from about 105 to 120 and should not increase with age . There is more variation in the pressure from day to day, and from one part of the day to another than is commonly known . Pressure may fall as low as 100 in the morning and be 20 or more points higher

in

the afternoon of the same day .

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

87

Increased blood pressure is generally due to one or both of two conditions . These conditions are : 1 , increased resistance to the blood flow through the capillaries due to deposits in the walls of the arteries or 2 , increased tension of the arteridue to maladjustment of the nervous system . Both of these conditions are due to faulty body chemistry . High diastolic blood pressure generally occurs in sympathetic dominants with a high phosphorous level of the blood and low pressure oles

parasympathetics with a high calcium level of the blood which later increases the systolic pressure .

in

Low blood pressure is generally caused by insufficient. tension of the walls of the arterioles and venous capillaries due to maladjustment of the autonomic or automatic nervous system . Proper nutrition often does much to correct both high and low blood pressure . Sugar and white flour should be omitted from the diet and the trace minerals added . When high pressure is due to nervous tension it tends to lower quite rapidly under this treatment . To remove the calcium deposits usually takes longer , for the phosphorous level must be raised to the point where there is no longer free or excess calcium in the blood . This means that the glandular function must be restored to normal . This may take several months or several years , depending upon the ability of the body to respond to the more efficient chemical conditions . (See page 202 in regard to relation of the posterior pituitary to high

blood pressure .)

In no diseases are the nutritive factors than in the anemias . This applies both pernicious

types .

of more importance to the simple and

of blood , in self - evident , but the ordinary

Anemia may occur from

loss

which case the cause and cure are kind of anemia is more apt to be due to defective blood formation . This type may in turn be due to injury , either traumatic

888

REGENERATION

-

DEGENERATION

,

of

is

-

This may be due defective assimilathe food The lack of vitamin is also comin

a

C

cobalt

.

tion of these minerals

or

.

to

imperfect body chemistry

iron copper

or

lack

,

of

formation

is

.

–

.

-

of

or from the poisonous effects certain drugs chiefly the coaldosing productive tar derivatives Self with pain killers many defective blood The chief cause cases of anemia of

anemia

also

,

,

restoring

are

most

.

the organic form deficiency

disease

which

if

Pernicious

in

and should be taken is

necessary

a

.

,

,

in

fruits and fresh vegetables are of the utmost value normal body chemistry Iron copper and cobalt

,

,

.

.

of

citrus fruits mon cause which may be remedied by intake or tomatoes The lack of other food essentials may also affect the body chemistry by affecting the endocrines which control assimilation Trace minerals together with meats eggs fish

a

.

.

a

in

is

to

.

in is

to a

untreated progresses by relapses and remissions fatal condeficiency or clusion In this type there almost always absence of hydrochloric acid the stomach Castle has shown that the disease due nutritional deficiency conditioned by defect the gastric secretions Under continuous treatto .

,

of

in

of

trace minerals and an adequate diet ment consisting suitable preparations liver or stomach the blood tends regain normal constituency and all signs of the disease vanish

The

at

if

.

a

to

.

of

of

common cold responds miraculously three units insulin are injected subcutaneously by physician the onset symptoms Slight digestive disturbances and skin eruptions improper elimination have improved with insulin treatdue

.

is

to

of

.

is

.

is

it

readily understood when recognized that ment This sympathetic dominants have their blood supply on the surface As the parasympathetic glands are stimulated more the blood turned inward facilitate the digestive processes ,

.

a

to

at

,

Muscle cramps painful and gripping which commonly night are due low calcium level During sleep an

occur

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

individual is parasympathetic but when

89

a sympathetic awakes

and gets going he begins to gather speed and momentum which increases as the day progresses . By night he has reached a peak of high phosphorous and low calcium and when the peak is extreme , muscle cramps are not uncommon . The sympathetic is the individual who goes to bed exhausted but unable to sleep . The explanation generally given is that he is only nervously exhausted , actually the momentum of increasing sympathetic dominance just won't stop because he has gone to bed ; like the whirling gyroscope the element of time enters into the reduction of speed . Relief can be obtained increasing the activity of the parasympathetic or

by means of

slow - down glands to offset the overactivity of the sympathetic

As this

.

and sleep are attained . Sedatives , may , , beer etc. secure this end result but they are only temporary means of subduing symptoms . the individual were put in chemical balance so that neither the parasympathetic is done , relaxation

If

nor the sympathetic dominant glands need be in too great ascendance during the day , this whirling dervish phenomenon need not occur . The following is dominance

a most interesting

case of sympathetic

:

The patient , Mrs. H , a rather tall woman , sixty years of age , had had nearly every sympathetic dominant disturbance except cancer . As a child she had brain fever , during the twenties she had a nervous breakdown , and during the years a succession of ills dogged her . She had ulcers goiter , a gall bladder operation , angina pectoris , several high blood pressure and colitis . At the time she came to our attention for the systemic treatment of her pyorrhea , the colitis ,

which followed times ,

angina and high blood pressure were still active . Her weight thirty - five pounds , temperature 97.8 and

was one hundred

DEGENERATION

90

-REGENERATION

blood pressure 159/94 . A few weeks ' treatment with daily injections of insulin and the addition of trace minerals to her diet brought a rise in mental spirits , angina pains were much less frequent she

and the colitis was relieved sufficiently

so that

did not suffer internally after eating .

A division of sympathetic

Naturally ,

patients into the sympathetic and paramakes for simplification of explanation . however , it is impossible to classify many individtypes

uals as being typical of either category . Their endocrine patterns are mixed ; some glands on one side are overactive and some on the other . Since the diagnosis of types depended upon distribution of weight , actual measurements of representative parts of the two halves of the body (lower leg and forearm ) were taken in order to obtain greater accuracy than could be obtained from visual interpretations alone . measurements were graphed and have become of very great significance , for on the basis of results effected through treatment over the past twenty years

Over the

it

is possible

years

these

now to interpret them

specific glands as well

as

as to the

gland groups

functioning of

.

In the second part of the book is a more detailed account diagnosis of and treatment through graph interpretation for those who are interested . Case histories in that section include patients with mixed endocrine patterns .

In all the case illustrations of disease given in this book , poor oral conditions of one form or another were present . By showing the relationship between the causative factors of arthritis

,

sprue , etc. , and dental conditions

stood why treatment for all

it will

is based on the same

be under-

principle .

DEGENERATION

Actually ,

- REGENERATION

91

a dentist by testing

for susceptibility to dental decay and treating the patient to produce immunity can prevent and

cure other degenerative diseases

.

A

medical man , on the other

hand , by the same treatment for a degenerative disease would produce immunity to dental decay and other oral conditions .

CHAPTER VIII NUTRITION

N

ILLUSTRATIONS have been given showing that calcium -phosphorous balance leads to the disappearance of disease symptoms . Tested cases have been discussed where the addition of trace minerals to the diet has improved the calcium - phosphorus balance and other cases where sugar has UMEROUS

been shown to upset them . From these facts we can deduce two rules of nutrition : 1 , our diet must not contain any harmful things ; 2 , it must contain all things necessary to the

If

human body . these two rules are obeyed , health can be attained and maintained for adequate nutrition means calciumphosphorous balance and good health . Adequate

nutrition is influenced by endocrine patterns , by that is the make - up of our particular mechanism or machine . Our endocrine patterns are inherited and certain physical

characteristics indicate general nutritional needs . require carbohydrates , proteins , fats , vitamins and We all minerals . All of these elements are necessary to all , but because of physical differences , the quantities vary for each individual . Physical differences though slight are important not only in the diagnosis of endocrine dysfunction but in determining the food requirements of each particular mechanism

.

The means of estimating

the dietary needs of each individ-

ual are two -fold :

characteristics indicate ancestry . In the general did not move about much ; they lived in place and died in the same and their children and children's children after them . As the generations went on , their physical

First , physical

past, people

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

93

beings were modified by their particular environment . Nutrition, an important part of their environment , was reflected in their bodily developments in as much as those types best suited to the foods of certain areas survived and propagated

.

On the northern coasts were the Nordics . They had few agricultural implements and so produced little in the way of vegetables . Their chief source of subsistence was fish and consequently their bodies became adapted to a high mineral intake . Their descendants are distinguished by long heads and blue eyes . They are meat and fish eaters with the short digestive tract suitable to the handling of these foods . In general , they supply

In

this type of stretching person digestive ills can often be traced to the of the stomach by the consumption of a high carbohydrate diet a diet which is not so well adapted to the digestive tracts

-

of

our mental workers .

these people .

The Central Europeans , inland people , had a diet of animal foods and grains . These foods in their natural state , unrefined

or devitalized by improper necessary

the minerals and vitamins in the same quantities

preparation

, contained growth to and health but

as the fish diet of the Nordics . Naturally , therefore , their bodies adapted themselves to a lesser amount of minerals and their physiques were different . Among them , round heads and dark eyes are the rule . They are accustomed to a high carbohydrate intake and have long

not

digestive tracts which are suitable for the handling of this type best athletes come from this group .

of food . In general , our

Due to migration and improved facilities of transportawe find today not only true Nordics , and mid - Europeans but many mixtures . In these people of mixed racial stock the predominating factor is registered in their physical aption ,

pearance and determines their dietary requirements

,

the long

94

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

headed people requiring a greater mineral content in their food than the round headed people .

The second means of determining the dietary needs of individual are the instincts . We all marvel at the efficiency of instinct in animals , the instinct that directs the birds to go South before winter comes , that leads the bear to fatten himself and dig a hole for the hibernation period , the instincts that make for the survival and reproduction of wild life . We marvel at these things and then cover up our own instincts with social laws and a veneer of civilization and habit . Why not use our intelligence , and instead of fighting our instincts , let them work for us ; why not consider our instincts as tools to be used? When your body needs water it tells you so through a sense of thirst . You put a glass of water to your lips and drink . You stop . Who told you to stop ? A mechanism inside you each

suddenly signaled , “ enough . ” If you trust your body to tell you when you have had enough water even before that water has entered your stomach , why can't you trust it to tell you other things which it needs and how much it should have ? This

if not dulled by the use of drugs or over . my refined foods . It is belief that a person will not need to consider the number of calories in his diet , the amount of energy foods and so forth if an adequate supply of minerals is your instinct will do

provided and devitalized foods are omitted from the diet . The amounts and kinds of foods required by a given individual will be determined by his natural instincts and tastes .

In a state of nature we have four tastes , sweet , sour , salt and bitter . Poisonous foods are generally bitter and so this is chiefly a protective taste . Sweet , sour and salt lead us to a variety of foods but in no one of them , for example honey or lemons , do we find just one nutritional element ; each contains vitamins , proteins and carbohydrates . So when our

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

95

bodies crave sweet or sour they are demanding not an unadulterated sweet , like sugar , but sweet plus . And generally

it is the plus which is of the greater importance to our physical well being . We need to use our intelligence in our selection of food but it is only wise to remember that much of the chemistry of foods is still unknown . We must consider our dietary needs on the basis of what natural foods have proven useful in survival . By adding that to our chemical knowledge , our means of transmitting ideas and transporting

a general

foods , we should be able to maintain

of health and efficiency far and above anything known in history . After all , it is stupid for civilized peoples to demand mechanical perfection and efficiency of machines and yet so neglect their own body mechanisms that they are always running under par or being sent to the workshop for standard

repairs .

An

experiment

in child feeding would

seem

to

sub-

stantiate faith in the ability of human instincts to still be effective in food selection . Sixteen children in Chicago who showed evidence of rickets or dental decay were given their

of thirty - five

different foods at each meal . Every food separate dish , the food was unseasoned but salt had its own was available . Each child chose different foods in different choice

quantities and this choice varied from day to day . As quickly as a dish was emptied it was refilled . One child took eleven helpings of lamb at one meal and nothing else . Strenuous

in

.

a

ill

exercise had preceded the meal but no effects were noted as result of the excessive amount of meat eaten After one

.

a

to

.

,

year of free choice of foods all the children were found much better health than when the experiment had begun Dental decay and rickets had been reduced minimum

of

.

Many will wonder why our diets have changed Why we gave up the food customs established through years trial

DEGENERATION

96

-REGENERATION

and error . The basic reason is that mechanization

has made

it possible to support more people on less land ; industrialization has led to the congregating of peoples in cities ; and specialization has led to a marked division between those who produce foods and those who contribute to society in other ways . Comparatively few people now produce their own food . Production and distribution are commercialized

.

There is

a

greater variety of foods , transported over greater distances ; but many of them are so processed and refined that they have lost some of the elements they contained in their natural state . Moreover

,

when people buy their food instead of producing

it,

the economic factor has a more powerful influence on the kind of diet they get . In this situation , it is easy to lose sight of tradition and habit . And because of the changes wrought in food through processing , picking green , and shipping, a diet dictated by tradition may not have the elements of former

The great motility of population is another factor . Coastal peoples moving inland tend to adopt the food habits of their neighbors and locality without any thought of their physical differences . Today , in America , diets are pretty well standardized , and even Europeans adopt our food customs within one or two generations after their arrival . days .

The two greatest changes in nutrition have been from the whole grain flours to white flour , from few sweets , and those natural , to refined sugar and that in large quantities . Those two things , white flour and sugar , are the most common and most harmful elements in our diet . They have been in use only one hundred to one hundred fifty years which is a long time if you think in terms of your life and mine but not when you think in terms of civilization as a whole . In

plant life alterations can be developed or new species brought into being but it is a process of selection and repeated reproduction involving generations of plant life . Changes in man

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

97

come just as slowly if not more so because though we use scientific methods to produce plants , we are hit - and - miss about the propagation of man . To make radical dietary changes in

and fifty years is to court disaster . The human mechanism is not adapted to such rapid changes . Our bodies are capable of adaptation but it must be

one hundred to one hundred

a slow process covering many generations

.

The popularity of white flour is due to a very neat bit of salesmanship . Whole grain flours do not keep easily , rodents and bugs know what is good to eat . White flour keeps well and is suitable for transportation . Therefore , from the commercial point of view it is a more satisfactory product . In the past its nutritional value was not considered . Once a luxury of the rich , it soon became the desire of all peoples to have refined flour and sugar to grace their tables .

White flour in itself is not harmful but by displacing more important food factors it leads to deficiencies . Vitamin B which is so lacking in the American diet is found in abundance in the whole grains . Now of course the baking companies fortify bread with Vitamin B. But why take out the natural vitamin only later to replace it artifically ? Even if the natural and synthetic vitamins were identical in therapeutic value , why make all the extra work ? At the time of this writing , only vitamin B₁ is replaced . The other vitamins – known as

vitamin B complex

— are

lacking in our bread .

Sugar , the ultra - refined sweet , has had every element but sweetness removed and is lacking in both minerals and vitamins . It is a popular item of diet , especially in America . As previously

noted in the discussion on dental decay , it has a deleterious effect on the calcium - phosphorous levels , the health indices , of our bodies . A brief explanation of the relationship

of sugar to our bodily

processes may make clear the reason

for

DEGENERATION

98

- REGENERATION

this harmful effect . Sixty - eight per cent of the food we eat is broken down through bodily chemical processes into sugar . Sugar , water , the amino and fatty acids , and mineral salts

in solution

are capable

of permeating the intestinal wall and

directly entering the blood stream . If we take refined sugar , a general requirement of the American table , into our systems it does not need to be changed greatly in order to permeate the intestinal wall . It is nearly ready to enter the blood stream and it does so in a flood . And as in any flood , some-

If

there one must come to the rescue to prevent disaster . sugar teaspoon blood stream in the entire of is more than one or less than one -half teaspoon , we court disaster . – But we are most remarkably built and the liver and the pancreas

-

form a rescue

team

and turn this sugar into glycogen and use . Now that may be very well in an

store it for future emergency, but think of the abuse which most of us inflict on our systems daily . It is astonishing that any of us are well . And when you consider that the intake of sugar increases the calcium assimilation and that resistance to degeneration and bacteria are dependent upon the maintenance of a proper ratio between calcium and phosphorous , you can not but be impressed by the necessity to use this drug with care . As mentioned

earlier , nine

chocolates can throw the calcium-

phosphorous levels out of balance within two and one - half hours and keep them below the margin of safety for immunity to dental decay at least thirty - two hours . Seventy-five per cent machine will maintain good teeth but that is too low a degree to prevent the occurrence of other degenerative diseases . It would be laughable if we were to efficiency

of the human

represent machines in the open market as only seventy- five per cent as good as they could be made .

You can all point to So -and - So who is healthy and takes sugar by the carload in his coffee or So - and - So who just lives

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

99 50

-

on soda pop one bottle of " pop " generally contains four teaspoons of sugar ― and still keeps well . This is true , firstly, because there are exceptions to all rules and secondly , because many do not begin to pay

for their extravagances until

late in life . But look at their children and grandchildren . Do they hand down bodies as strong as those which they inherited ? Natural sweets such as honey , molasses and maple syrup can be used within reason . They do affect the calciumphosphorous levels but since they are not pure sweet and do contain

essentials

injurious

of diet , their presence among our foods

In generations past sugar was never found alone . It was always accompanied by other materials that the body needed . Sweet is just the label on the package . is not

as

as refined sugar .

A scientific experiment with the sea - anemone , a water organism , provides an amusing illustration of the folly of being misled by labels . Sea - anemones live on meat but it is the creatine

in

the meat which attracts them .

if

That is their

the meat from which the placed creatine has been extracted is in the water , the seablotting paper soaked in creatine anemones ignore it , but if is placed within reach , they eat it with relish . They eat the one sense

of

taste .

However

label and leave the substance

.

,

Silly isn't it ? But how about us ?

When we use free sugar we do so at the expense of the other essentials to the body . Our total caloric intake of food may not be changed , but the proportions of the heat producing and cell replacing ingredients are considerably altered . In this respect the use of sugar creates a deficiency in these other materials . In every instance where a patient has habit-

ually used refined sugar , deficiencies have existed in the other factors of an adequate nutrition , particularly as regards the vitamin B complex .

-REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

100

We have shown disease conditions reversed by improved nutrition and we have discussed the harmful elements in the food of civilized people but to make the relationship of health and diet more clear , let us consider primitive tribes . In

his book , Uttermost PART OF THE EARTH , Mr. Bridges , the foremost authority on the Fuegian Indians , states that in the early days in Patagonia he never heard of an Indian having a toothache . He believed that they were unacquainted

with the malady . Their health in other respects was equally as good . But with the influx of civilization they lost their teeth and their health as a toll to the white man's food and the white man's diseases . Now there are less than one hundred and fifty pure - blooded Indians and possibly a larger number slightly of half- breeds . Yet within the memory

of

duced to persons .

An

Indian population has been refrom an estimated nine thousand

one man the

this figure

interesting

sidelight

at the present time the have very nearly reversed in white population in Patagonia was 9,560 at is that

Indian and white populations numbers . The the last census .

Dr. Weston Price has made a most notable study of the diets of primitive peoples existing in many parts of the world today . His book , NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL DEGENERATION ( 10 ) is a landmark in the advancement of applied nutrition . Where he found primitives uninfluenced by the modern diet , the incidence of dental decay and other degenerative diseases was markedly low as compared with the figures tabulated among so -called civilized peoples . In the secluded areas inhabited by primitive tribes , the diet was found to consist chiefly of whole grains , animal foods and dairy products .

The most desired parts of the animals were the liver, the

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

101

heart , kidneys and blood . These parts by chemical analysis were found to contain more vitamins and minerals than the muscle parts which civilized choice .

peoples

consider

particularly

When white flour and sugar became part of the daily food intake for these people , dental decay , tuberculosis , etc. , became rampant . Never having been exposed to these ills ,

no immunity to them had been established . Therefore , once their systems had become weakened through an inadequate and rapidly changing diet , they were easy victims to bacterial invasion . Even in two or three generations these people could be reduced to one - tenth their former number merely through the breakdown of their bodily chemical balance due to inade quate diet . The rate of deterioration of these hitherto immune peoples seem to be directly in proportion to the amount

of harmful dietary intake . Sugar and white flour were introduced to these people simultaneously and in quantities . Within one generation the effects were devastating . Among us the more gradual acceptance of these items of diet results in a less rapid though still too rapid degeneration . Island tribes in some localities were found existing in health upon an unvaried diet of fish , whole

grains and some wild plant life . Thus a few natural foods were found to be more productive of health than the refined , delectably concocted dishes of modern man . The percentage

of dental decay among these people was negligible so long as they remained on their native diet . A recognition of the value of fish food was widespread . Even high in the Andes Mountains natives were found carrying small pouches at their waists in which were dried fish eggs and seaweed , products which could be obtained only by making long journeys to the sea .

DEGENERATION

102

- REGENERATION

Among primitive people much greater thought is given to the diet of both men and women previous to conception than is the custom in modern civilization . Long trips are made for special foods , crabs , the ashes of water hyacinths and certain cereals , because tradition has taught that these foods have peculiar dietary values that influence the physical and mental wellbeing of future progeny . Doctor Price had laboratory examinations made of these special foods and found that such food customs were scientifically sound . Unusual amounts of calcium , iodine or caroten , which affect vitamin use within the body , were found to characterize these foods .

Where modern diet was accepted by the natives , structural of the bony formation of the body were observable within even one generation . Narrowed dental arches affected respiration and mastication aiding in the onslaught of disease . changes

Pelvic

formations

bearing of children was observed

in

.

women were altered and affected the

In brief , general deterioration of the body

with an inevitable effect upon the mental and of these people .

moral wellbeing

That this process could be reversed by a native diets was evidenced among the people Pacific Islands . Temporarily the high price mitted the exchange of this for large quantities

return

to the

of one of the of copra perof white flour and sugar . The children of the island rapidly developed a high rate of dental decay although previously only a small of the people had been so affected . The day came when the value of copra dropped so low that it was unprofitable for the traders to stop . The old native diet was reinstated and shortly dental decay ceased . Doctor Price even saw open cavities where decay had stopped . Chemical balance of the body had been re - established and bacteria were no longer fraction

able to penetrate the tooth structures .

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

103

Instead of seeking economic profit through exploitation of these people , it might repay us to adopt their customs regulating health and the production of mentally and phy-

sically excellent children . By correlating the findings among all these peoples and using them in our own civilization we should be able not only to equal their standards of health but to exceed them .

The popularity of Doctor Price's cation of the desire of the public to

book is a happy indiunderstand and make use of the idea that there is a definite relationship between nutrition and health . But unlike the natives discussed in his book we not only want to know what things aid in establishing and maintaining health but we want to know the chemical reason for the ability of certain foods to create certain effects . And so we have experimental laboratories trying out varied diets and food elements upon animals . These experiments are valuable to the progress of nutritional understanding but we must not forget that in as much as a rat differs from a cat in physical appearance and needs in the same degree , we differ from them both . Let us make use of all the informa-

tion obtainable from animal experimentation but let us beware of too quickly drawing conclusions as to their applicability to us . As Doctor Shohl says , " quantitative data applicable to man must be sought from experiments on human beings . " ( 11 ) There are many " unknowns " in the field of nutrition . Laboratory experiments are constantly seeking solutions and unearthing new questions . For some years now a cat experiment has been in process in California . Two groups of female cats are kept confined in wire cages . All the edible greens outside the runways disappeared long ago . The diet was supposed to meet the nutritional requirements of cats as now

DEGENERATION

104

- REGENERATION

It

was the same for both groups of caged cats except thing for one . Half of the cats had cooked meat and half had raw meat but evidence of malnutrition was great in both classes of cats . None of the kittens of the second generation subsisting on cooked meat lived beyond four months . The progeny of the cats eating raw meat survived through another generation . The male cats in this experiment were allowed to run free and forage for their own food . They

known

.

were sleek and healthy and superior to both of the other groups . How much quicker would be the degeneration of the kittens if both parents were existing on the same diet !

What is the unknown element that is destroyed in cooking meat? What is the relationship of cooked meat and health

in

humans

?

Sensitivity

to wheat is a common complaint among the people mixed of America and in general it can be stated that the ancestors who determined the endocrine pattern of these people ate rye rather than wheat , which was not common in Europe and their descendants should do likewise to avoid discomfort . Why is it that any of us tolerate wheat since so few of our ancestors were accustomed to it ? That answer undoubtedly food , yet

lies in the endocrine patterns rather than in the constitutes a nutritional problem .

it still

Studies are being made of the value of raw milk as opposed to pasteurized , of the quantities of milk and citrus fruit actually needed by different people . It is thought by some that milk and the citrus fruits have been over - advertised

as to their health -giving qualities . The biochemists are not only studying the effects of different foods on the human mechanism but they are investigating the effects of iodine solutions , insulin and hydrochloric acid , as means to attain

DEGENERATION various chemical

- REGENERATION

balances within the body .

105

The results of

these experiments , many being made upon human guinea pigs ,

are gratifying versial stage .

though some are still going through

a contro-

It is my opinion that we are still in the kindergarten as regards knowledge of diet . When we think of how little we knew about the subject forty years ago or even twenty years ago and how much has been learned in that time , it is un-

thinkable that we shall not continue to learn in the future . Perhaps in forty more years we will look back upon the situation today in a somewhat superior manner . In eighty years perhaps the people then will also think of their immediate predecessors in a like manner . In a hundred or a thousand years possibly we will realize that in 1950 we had hardly scratched the surface of nutritional knowledge

.

For the present there is at least one ground upon which we are fairly safe . Our ancestors must have dined well enough for survival or we would not be here . We also know that the more primitive the diet the fewer the degenerative diseases .

We believe that our tastes and appetites can again be depended upon to tell us what we should eat providing we use a little intelligence as a seasoning for the food. Our patients sometimes think we tell them too little as to the foods they should eat . We believe their own bodies know far more about the subject than we do . What knowl-

fairly sure of is that we should eat as our tastes providing we use whole natural foods whose taste has direct disguised or altered by condiments or unnatural not been flavors . That we take seafood , either fish , etc. , or kelp every day to eliminate any possible deficiency in the trace minerals edge we are

DEGENERATION

106

so abundantly

drink water

as

- REGENERATION

found in sea food . That we eat our foods and desires direct .

our

To make it even shorter we direct our patients when under treatment to eat no sugar or anything sweet except natural fresh fruits . To drink no fruit juices , only water . We explain that this will not be easy but difficult , and it usually is . However , it is in the nature of a test period .

If

they want

to get and

stay well

badly

enough they are

willing to go into training so - to - speak for the duration of the treatment . Under these conditions their blood calciumphosphorous and sugar levels remain the same and any change

in them we know is done by our treatment . Without this rigid regime by the patient , we cannot make much progress

in

determination

and augmentation

of endocrine deficiencies .

Invariably we are asked by the patient " why can't I drink orange juice if I can have oranges to eat ? What is the difference

?

"

We explain that we want their body to get on a selfbasis . To do this the right gauges must be used for the right substances . The thirst gauge was made in man to use on water and water only . The hunger center of the brain was made to work on food only . If we drink orange juice , the thirst center cannot distinguish it from water and so we will drink until we are no longer thirsty . If we eat sufficient

the orange the proper gauge will tell us correctly how much to eat and when to stop and even if we should eat it at all . Sometimes our bodies have no need for fruit .

At

such

times fruit may actually be detrimental to the body chemistry . Then we are not hungry for fruit . However , we frequently are thirsty enough to drink and if orange juice is at hand we may drink it , and enjoy it even though our blood and

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

107

urine are already too alkaline . The acid - base balance of the body is one of the important balances and modifies many of the chemical reactions taking place in the millions of cells

of the

body .

When the urine is alkaline , it is almost invariably beof drinking fruit juices , practically never from eating

cause

fruit .

The same reasons for not drinking fruit juices hold for milk . It was not made to be drunk . It was made to be eaten . This is what the young of all mammals do and remember it is the milk of their own kind and then only until the first teeth erupt which effectively makes the mother decide to wean the infant . Many of our patients continue

with this regime after quite go back to their treatment is and others never living surprise they find ways , former of for much to their eating living much more than before and that they enjoy over ,

In

fact , the taste gets more sensitive and tastes and flavors are discovered and enjoyed which they did not know existed before .

treatment

.

In a boiler factory one can hardly hear a yell . It takes some time after leaving such a factory for one to be able to hear a whisper . Sugar is comparable to the din of the factory . Nutritionists and medical men have learned and taught public of the value of calories , proteins , fats and general the carbohydrates but recent emphasis has been upon the vitamins . Shortly nutritional emphasis will be shared by minerals

public gains in the knowledge of their importance and their great lack in our soils and food . Since vitamins and minerals are of such timely interest , we will consider them as the

in

some detail

.

CHAPTER IX

T

VITAMINS HE IMPORTANCE

OF VITAMINS

It was Funk

in the diet has but recently

who named them and proved them to be chemical substances present in various foods . Although they appeared in minute quantities , he found that been discovered

.

they were essential to the normal development of animal life . Recently , they have been found to exert a remarkable influence on plant life as well . A very dilute solution of vitamin B is used to stimulate a strong root system and by the use of other chemicals abnormal flowering is produced . More and more a strong similarity between the workings of the plant and animal mechanism is being shown .

That disease can result from a food deficiency has been known for years . It was known that scurvy was encountered among sailors when they had been too long without fresh foods . The British Admiralty passed a law that all vessels should carry stores of lime juice . The expression " Limey " for British sailors is still a term frequently used . It is now known that vitamin C present in limes was the scurvy preventing factor

.

We have been getting more and more vitamin conscious ; partly because of the work done by our scientists in the isolation of the vitamins , but chiefly because of the spectacular results obtained by their use . There would be no such results obtained

if

there were no deficiencies of these chemical sub-

in our foods , or if foods containing them were used generally . But the nature of the diet of civilized man makes vitamin deficiency as well as mineral deficiency widespread . As a result , the replacement of these missing factors elicits stances

remarkable

results .

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

109

Two groups of British scientists recently made an investigation of the vitamin B content of brown bread as compared with that of white bread . Their report , says the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL , " Leaves no doubt as to the superiority of brown bread over white as a source of Vitamin B. " ( 12 ) Other nutritionists have published a comparison of the bread rations consumed by the British people over hundreds of years . They show that as a result of the changed character

"

getting twice

.

of

the two highest levels population today while the people on low income

550

.

at

to

450

best fed members

,

Thus the

B of

lowest income level

to

at

,

in

,

to

,

B ;

its

of the bread and reduced rate of its consumption , the vitamin former value B content has dropped to a fraction of In 1670 the British soldier's daily ration contained 1,000 units of vitamin in 1782 the diet of the English parish poor contained 660 850 units and 1883 the city London's Poor Law diet contained 1230 units whereas in 1937 the nation's daily intake ranged from about 290 units the

of

,

of

a

a

.

.

.

is a

,

fashionable

to

in

go on restricted diets order obtain more figure often exaggerates the previously existing Overweight itself deficiency disease deficiencies As many great example result in instances harm ensues One to

especially

.

a

,

13 )

(

.

"

,

of

a

as

as

much vitamin level yet consume less than the parish poor the eighteenth century The greater the deficiency course the greater the response to women vitamin replacement The tendency

will

the point teacher of playground activities well built girl went gain on restricted diet order more slender figure In this she succeeded but only the expense her health and her life Because of her lowered resistance her body ,

-

,

at

of

.

a

to

in

.

a

,

no match for invading organisms and she died of acute tuberculosis

weeks

in

.

,

,

a

was

a

A

:

illustrate

few

DEGENERATION

110

- REGENERATION

Another case was of a nurse who weighed 230 pounds . She was a hard worker and heavy eater , but unfortunately subsisted largely on devitalized and demineralized foods . On the advice of a physician who knew as little about nutrition did , she went on an eight hundred calorie diet . She did this for three months and then spent the next three months in the same hospital , but this time as a patient . as she

In

the first food factors were named vitamins A, Later it was discovered that each of these food factors contained a number of substances and more are being 1920

B , and C.

discovered every year .

At

the present time , vitamins

A

and

C are the only original names left and the substance now known as vitamin A is only a fraction of the original vitamin A. The original vitamin A has been subdivided into vitamins A, D , and E. The subdivisions of the original vitamin B are so numerous that the group is called B -complex and rather than exhaust the alphabet , the tendency is to give chemical names to the different can be identified .

substances

as fast as they

Vitamin A is found only in foods of animal origin , the greatest abundance being in the glandular structures . Fortunately our bodies have the ability to manufacture this vitamin from substances called provitamins which are found in all plants . Carotene is one of these substances and is found in yellow and red fruits and vegetables , such as tomatoes . Cod liver oil is our chief source of concentrated

practically

A has the chemical formula of C20H30O . is well to remember that all of the vitamins are composed of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen , only two so far being known

vitamin A. Vitamin

It

which contain other elements and

these

additional

are commonly found wherever plants grow .

elements

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

111

Although there is no evidence that any of the vitamins serve as bactericides , there is reason to believe that vitamins

A

and C assist in strengthening the body's natural resistance to infections . It has been noticed that persons suffering with vitamin A deficiency show a high incidence of colds , grippe and

other respiratory

infections

.

In

studies in Wisconsin

,

Getz , Hildebrand and Finn tested a large number of tubercular patients . They found that more than half of the group were deficient in vitamin A , though similar tests Doctors

on an equal group of non - tubercular persons showed only 11 per cent to be deficient . It is possible that tuberculosis may affect the metabolism of vitamin A, but the general idea seems to be that the vitamin plays a vital part in keeping mucous membranes of the nose , throat and other internal surfaces in healthy condition .

"Present

indications

are that vitamin

A

is an aid toward

the establishing of resistance of the body to infections in general only when there has been an exhaustion of body reserves of the vitamin and the ingestion of vitamin A is . It certainly has not been shown to be specific prevention in the of colds , influenza and such infections , nor has it been demonstrated that ingestion of Vitamin A far in excess of that necessary for normal body function is an aid

inadequate

in preventing various types of infections . " ( 14 ) Sufficient vitamin A is present in a properly selected diet for the daily requirements of the average individual . " A deficiency of vitamin A results in a retardation of growth when body stores of the vitamin have been depleted , but it must be borne in mind that vitamin A is no more important in contributing to normal growth than any one of the other vitamins

the essential mineral elements , or amino acids . Statements conveying the impression that vitamin A is more important in promoting growth than other food essentials ,

DEGENERATION

112

- REGENERATION

are therefore misleading and objectionable . There is at the present time inadequate evidence to warrant the claim that the ingestion of sufficient vitamin A will prevent the formation of renal calculi in man . " ( 15 )

The Council of

Pharmacy & Chemistry of The American has this to say about the present knowl-

Medical Association of vitamin A : " Evidence for the existence of vitamin and its role in human nutrition is based on the fact that

edge

characteristic eye disease , usually called xerophthalmia sults from a deficiency in this vitamin .

,

A a

re-

"It is

generally agreed that one of the first clinical symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness , or nyctalopia . For this type of night blindness vitamin A is a specific . Those cases of nyctalopia which do not respond to this treatment may be due to congenital defects or to other diseases than avitaminosis A. ”

( 16 )

Vitamin C is now known as Cevitamic acid and has the formula of CH8Og . It is found abundantly in green leafy vegetables , in fruits , and in glandular organs . Green peppers are rich in vitamin C. It is the antiscorbutic factor whose presence is necessary to prevent scurvy , some kinds of anemia , and related diseases . Recent studies show that vitamin C is essential to the formation of the colloidal substance which

pliable cement to bind tissue cells together . In healthy tissue this binding material shows under the microscope as a clear jelly streaked with darker bands of firmer serves

as a

texture .

In

the absence

of vitamin

C these darker bands dis-

appear , the intercellular substance becomes more liquid and less binding and the cells tend to separate permitting the leakage of blood . The hemorrhages which accompany scurvy are consequences of this weakness

.

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

113

Vincent's Angina or trench mouth may be an indication of vitamin C or vitamin B complex deficiency . The use of vitamin C in such cases has a most desirable effect ; the red , inflamed areas disappear and the swelling goes down . This has happened when there was no other treatment given . It often has a salutary effect upon nosebleed and upon people who bruise easily . Studies of vitamin C reported by Dr. Leslie the British Medical Research Council

( 17 ) ,

J. Harris ,

of

indicate that vita-

min C is used at a rapid rate in a system that is fighting an invasion of parasites . Surveys show this to be true of patients suffering from surgical tuberculosis , pulmonary tuberculosis , and osteomyelitis . It is found that leucocytes , the white blood cells which are the body's chief defenders against invading microbes , are richly endowed with vitamin C. Perhaps here is one reason why the body struggling acute arthritis

with an infectious disease uses up the vitamin more rapidly than in health . The whole subject of the relation of vitamins to infections is still in its early stage of investigation , but there are clues which suggest that the " little things " of nutrition play an important part here as in other processes .

The modern name for what

was once called

vitamin B

B complex , for it is known that there are at least factors in this complex . Fortunately , all are found in

is vitamin ten

the same sources , chiefly the outer layer of rice , wheat , and other grains , the germ of grains , the yolk of eggs and in leafy Before the vitamins were known it was recognized that there was something in rice polishings that would cure and prevent beri - beri . Major General Leonard Wood at about the time of the Russo - Japanese War recommended vegetables .

that rice polishings

be fed to the Japanese sailors who were

DEGENERATION

114

- REGENERATION

suffering from a disease called beri - beri . This was done with effective results .

In

but it

Dutch scientists isolated the beri - beri factor , not until 1936 that its structure became known

1926 two was

and its synthesis worked out . This is now known as vitamin B or thiamin . Without it there is interference with the oxida-

tion of carbohydrates . The mechanism of its use is unknown but various experimenters claim that diabetics supplied with sufficient vitamin B can lessen the amounts of insulin needed .

It

is my belief that thiamin

as

well

as

trace minerals somehow are necessary

the other vitamins and to the proper function-

ing of the endocrines , the regulators of all chemical within the body .

processes

Doctors Richard Kuhn , Gyorgy and Theodore WagnerJauregg discovered the second factor in the B complex , riboflavin , in 1933. In 1938 , Doctors Sebrell and Butler of the States Public Health Service were treating victims of a curious skin disorder . This disease appeared to be similar to pellagra but did not respond to pellagra treatment . It was characterized by shiny lips , cracked corners of the mouth , and oily noses . They decided to try riboflavin . The results were

United

startling

. Within a few days the lesions healed and the patients got well . Since then it has become common practice to use riboflavin for these conditions and for a disease

marked by enlargement of the blood vessels of the cornea and called "Keratitis ."

The third factor to be discovered

was

the one which

cures and prevents pellagra . It is sometimes called the PP factor . The disease is rather common in the southern states among the poor whites and Negroes . It is marked by three symptoms ; the roughening of the skin , grave disturbance of the digestive system , and mental disturbances . It is some-

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

115

times designated as the three D's , dermatitis , diarrhea and dementia . About 400,000 cases occur in the United States

annually .

Before the specific for pellagra was discovered , Goldberger Doctor showed that he could cure this " poor by feeding man's disease " the patients an adequate diet . It only affects those whose diets are extremely limited . Many

of the poor people of the south live on an almost unvaried round of corn , pork and sorghum . Milk , eggs and yeast added to this produce rapid cures . In 1937 , the PP factor was discovered to be nicotinic acid , a substance which had never been thought of as a vitamin . Elvehjm and his associates at Wisconsin University had the honor of discovering that nicotinic acid was a vitamin . They fed it to dogs with black

,

,

.

his physical

treatment with nicotinic acid effected cure reported cases remarkable and soon the

.

'

Other institutions

bad

as

.

Twelve days

as

His mental condition was

talk

as

,

so

.

of

ill

tongue , which is canine pellagra , and effected cures . The news spread rapidly . At Duke University was a man who had been pellagra for fifteen years He was thin scrawny had diarrhea and his tongue was swollen that he could hardly

,

a

to

.

it

.

-

to

.

It

whole profession and the public knew of this vitamin does public spread not take long for news about vitamins strongly vitamin conscious As usual was only the pioneers in the field who had to take the derision and disbelief ,

was recognized for years that

it

of

infants

Now

of the valua-

Schoenheimer and Evans

,

According

to

this oil

.

ble factors

are at least two

cases

.

It

.

known that vitamins A and D in

is

as a

of

-

cod liver oil contained something that was beneficial rickets was commonly used for the feeding and tonic during the winter and spring months

in

It

not entirely clear

.

anism

is

is

D ,

of

though one Vitamin the first vitamins discovered still much of an unknown for its use in the human mech-

DEGENERATION

116

-REGENERATION

the body is able to make its own vitamin D when exposed to sunlight . The ultra -violet rays of the sun act upon a substance in the body called cholesterol which thus prothe vitamin D3 , C27 H43 OH . Calciferol or vitamin D2, G28 H43 OH is produced by the action of artificial ultraviolet rays upon ergosterol . Doctor Price of Cleveland showed that these two vitamins were not the same , although for years vitamin D was used under the name of viosterol in place of duces

the natural vitamin D or D3 .

In the opinion of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of The American Medical Association , the allowable claims for vitamin D are the following : ( 18 ) " Vitamin D is recognized as a specific in the treatment of infantile rickets , spasmophilia , and osteomalacia , diseases which are manifestations of abnormal calcium and phosphorous metabolism . Vitamin D is valuable in the prevention as well as in the curative treatment of these diseases . Complications such as renal insufficency or glandular malfunction may preclude normal response to vitamin D therapy . During acute infections , especially

of

the gastro - intestinal

tract , vitamin D may prove ineffective poorly because absorbed . Direct exposure of the skin to light ultra -violet from the sun or from artificial sources results in the formation of vitamin D within the organism , but the Council cannot recognize statements or implications that vitamin D has all the beneficial effects of exposure to sunshine

"Animal

experimentation

has shown that correction

of

an inadequate

intake of vitamin D results in the more economical utilization of calcium and phosphorous and also that the undesirable effects of improper ratios of calcium and phosphorous in the diet can be partly overcome by normal intake

of vitamin D.

DEGENERATION

"The

importance

- REGENERATION

117

observations in their application to man is not entirely apparent because of the lack of adequate clinical evidence showing the availability of differ-

of

these

ent forms of calcium and phosphorous . It may be stated , however , that vitamin D has a favorable influence on calcium and phosphorous

metabolism

.

“The vitamin D requirement is greatest during the period of infancy . Beyond the age of infancy the exact vitamin D requirement of man under any specified conditions is not during pregknown , but it appears that the requirement nancy and lactation is increased . ”

( 19 )

Vitamin D is one of the vitamins that may not readily be obtained in some parts of the United States during the winter months by a great proportion of the people . The ultraviolet rays of the sun will not go through glass , and since many people are out - of- doors as little as possible and then with the windows of the car tightly closed , during cold weather deficiencies in vitamin D may be quite general . It is considered good practice in the north to prescribe a teaspoon or so of codliver oil or codliver oil concentrate for adults as well as children when they live indoors practically all of the time . and butter have very little during vitamin D content the winter months . In some of the butter comes from Australia . In this they are better off than we , for Australian butter is vitamin D at the time when Canadian butter is poor vitamin . If the people only knew just when to use

Price has shown that cream

or no Canada respect

rich in

in

this

and when to use Australian butter , they could be assured of a supply of vitamin D throughout the year . (20 )

Canadian

it

In regard to Vitamin E , Harrow states that " until 1922 was supposed that a synthetic diet for rats could be used

DEGENERATION

118

- REGENERATION

would cause normal growth and reproduction . Such diet included casein , starch or sucrose , lard , salts , codliver oil and yeast . Evans and Bishop showed that while this diet allowed for apparently normal growth , the reproductive process was very definitely impaired . Only by incorporating which a

in this diet small quantities of certain natural foods , cereal grains , green leaves , legumes , nuts , and particularly oil from the wheat germ could reproductive disturbances be avoided . factor is known as vitamin E or the anti - sterility vitamin . In the absence of vitamin E the germinal epithelium of the testes of rats was destroyed . In the female rat , ovulation and fertilization takes place but there is death and

The

necessary

of the fetus . This situation can be repaired by incorporating vitamin E in the diet . " ( 21 ) " Since the definite claim for its existence was made about 1922 , vitamin E has assumed several roles in metabolism . The first function asso-

resorption

ciated with this food factor was in connection with reproduction ; it prevents the resorption of fetuses in the female , and testicular degeneration in the male laboratory rat maintained on a diet composed of purified food substances

.

Somewhat later a disease called encephalomalacia was produced in chicks restricted to a diet deficient in vitamin E. This condition appears to be associated with impairment of the blood vessels with the resultant cerebral ischemia .

By this time vitamin

E had been isolated and synthethe chemical name of alpha - tocopherol was given to it . Soon it was found that , in line with old observations in rats , paralysis could be reproduced in rabbits and in several other sized ;

laboratory animals and this experimental muscular dystrophy is now recognized as still another sequel of a lack of vitamin E.

Various explanations have been given to account for the foregoing

observations

;

the tocopherols

were believed to be

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

119

natural protectors or antitoxidants for other essential stances and to foster the integrity of the capillary walls .

sub-

As early as 1936 Martin and Moore ( 22 ) called attention to still another phenomenon of vitamin E deficiency ; in rats so prepared there occurred a yellowish brown coloration of the uterus due to the collection of a pigment in the muscle of this organ . Skeletal muscle is similarly affected and here the pigmentation is associated with dystrophy . (23 ) Mason and Emmel ( 24 ) have recently described the situation and the progression of the condition in considerable detail . The ovarian pigment seems to be an abnormal product of metabo-

lism formed during cell degeneration in atretic follicles and in regressing corpora lutea . It is phagocytized by the tissue macrophages , giving rise to the abnormal coloration of the tissue . Some of the macrophages escape to the lymph nodes , spleen and liver , where the abnormal pigment is also found . The pigment , resistant to strong acids and alkalis , fat solvents

and oxidizing agents , does not contain iron and has not been identified with any known biologic pigment . A determination of the chemical nature of this substance might lead to

an understanding of the cellular enzyme system in which vitamin E plays an important part . Although administration of large doses of tocopherol does not cause the pigment to disappear from the ovary , the function of this organ does not appear to be disturbed by the accumulation of the pigment . Another relationship

between vitamin

E and

tissue

pig-

ment has been reported by Granados and Dam . (25 ) In rats restricted to a ration deficient in alpha - tocopherol but containing fat , there is a progressive loss of pigment from the incisors beginning at the gingival margin . This alteration is attributed to the action of the more highly unsaturated fatty acids on the ameloblasts in the absence of vitamin E. ( 26 )

DEGENERATION

120

- REGENERATION

Since tocopherol phosphate brings about a cessation of the greatly increased uptake of oxygen by muscle from an animal lacking vitamin E in the diet , ( 27 ) a further study of the abnormal

pigmentation

and depigmentation

described may

lead to the implication of the tocopherols in some phase of the biologic oxidative systems in the body . Perhaps the greatest benefit of doses of vitamin E to the human being lies in supplemental treatment of angina pectoris by this vitamin . Many people have achieved comfort from anginal pain by the use of it.¹

Another known vitamin is K. It has something to do with the formation of prothrombin . Without prothrombin in the blood , the blood does not coagulate . The vitamin is therefore called the anti -hemorrhagic factor . It is found in large quantities in green leaves . Withering or yellowing of the leaves appears to have no effect on the vitamin . Flowers roots , and seeds contain much less than green leaves .

The

question may well arise

,

did we ever get along things before we knew there were such as vitamins ? " The answer is that they are so widespread in nature that as long , “ How

living on natural foods and living in a natural manner , our needs in vitamins were automatically supplied . But as a matter of fact in the very recent past as well as today we did not get along so well . We just took for granted that a certain amount of illness and physical inefficiency was natural and to be expected . It is only since we have known more about these essential substances that their importance as we were

and widespread need has been recognized

.

'Vitamin E is being used successfully for various heart ailments by Drs . Evan Shute and Arthur Vogelsang of London , Ontario , and Dr. Wilfred Shute of Guelph , Ontario , Canada .

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

121

We must remember that there is no necessity to rush to the drugstore to purchase these all -important vitamins . They are in our foods . All we have to do is to refrain from taking them out . The chief means by which they are lost is through refining certain foods which might better be called devitalizing foods . Even then they are not totally lost for they sometimes reach the drugstore where we have the privilege of purchasing them to make up for the ones which were taken out . Some people are beginning to get the idea that it might be as

well to leave them in our foods

as they

originally were .

losses during cooking are unavoidquantities able , considerable of these valuable protective substances are needlessly thrown away . For instance , under certain conditions the oxygen of the air changes vitamins

While certain vitamin

into other substances . This process of oxidation is accelerated by heat . Thus , stirring air into foods while they are cooking or sieving them while they are still hot is a frequent cause of vitamin destruction . An alkaline substance like soda , frequently used to preserve green color in vegetables also intensifies oxidation which has a destructive effect upon all of the vitamins . Acid , on the other hand , either when added or when naturally occurring , as in tomatoes and many fruits helps to protect the vitamins in food during cooking .

In

the case of ascorbic acid , oxidation

is accelerated

,

by

an enzyme referred to as ascorbic acid oxidase and also by certain metals such as copper . The enzyme is inactivated by heat ; thus , for the conservation of ascorbic acid , it is desirable

to employ a method of cooking which rapidly raises the temperature of the food to the boiling point . It was found , for example , that about one - fourth of the ascorbic acid of cabbage was destroyed before boiling and very little after the boiling point was reached . Ascorbic acid , thiamin , ribo-

DEGENERATION

122

- REGENERATION

flavin , and nicotinic acid all dissolve readily in water ; therefore the water in which foods are cooked may acquire considerable quantities of these vitamins . The more water used , the greater will be the amounts of vitamins dissolved . It is recommended that the water drained from cooked vegetables in gravies , sauces or soups . The insolubility of vita-

be served mins

A,

D , and E prevents their loss in this way .

Either steaming or the so - called waterless method of dissolves out less of the vitamins than boiling ; on the other hand , the more rapid process of boiling helps somewhat to prevent ascorbic acid destruction . These methods of cooking

cooking appear to have no significant destructive effect on the vitamins other than ascorbic acid and to a lesser extent ,

thiamin . Long processes such as stewing permit greater vitamin losses . Frying is probably the most destructive of the ordinary cooking methods and may result in a complete loss of vitamin C , considerable loss of thiamin , and significant loss of vitamin A. Freezing foods apparently has little effect upon the vitamin content while the effect of drying results in loss of thiamin . Meager evidence suggests no appreciable loss of vitamins D and E and nicotinic acid in dried foods .

Most vitamin losses in canning are due to oxidation . , the aim in canning methods devised to preserve vitamin content should be to exclude air from the hot food just as much as possible . The so - called open -kettle Consequently

method of canning with subsequent transfers of the hot food to containers permits greater vitamin destruction than methods in which the foods are processed directly in the jars . Removing the air from the jars before processing helps to keep down the vitamin loss by oxidation . It also minimizes the loss

of vitamins during

storage

of the canned material

.

As

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

123

in cooking , acid foods retain more of their vitamin content during canning than non - acid ones . Even after canning , citrus fruits and tomatoes are still excellent sources of ascorbic acid .

The most important and least publicized thing about vitamins is their chemical formula . Most vitamins are made of varying

proportions

of carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen , elegrowth ments so essential to that no plant can exist without them , elements so common that they can be found anywhere in air , water and sunshine . A few vitamins do have nitrogen ,

phosphorous , and sulphur but these minerals are quite plentiful and are still common to our soils . So in the last analysis

our food contains plenty of vitamins if grown on good soil and if we do not destroy them in the process of preparation . Our bodies are capable of assimilating the necessary quantity of these vitamins from our food just so long as we are chemically

in

balance .

The body existed thousands of

years

ago .

It

was made

to use vitamins years before we knew of such things . It is only recently that we have learned of their importance and as in all things there is a tendency to go to extremes . If a little why not a lot ? However , there is growing evidence use of any of these vitamins may be harmful . particularly evident with respect to vitamins A and B

that excessive

This

is

and D.

In

the case of vitamin

D,

massive

doses

are sometimes

sometimes with beneficial effect if the type of arthritis is acute , but just as often as not with very serious effects if the type of arthritis is chronic . An already high calcium level of the blood is unduly increased by use of vita-

given for arthritis

;

min D and results in calcium deposition at an even greater rate than before and often

in

previously

unaffected

places .

DEGENERATION

124

-

REGENERATION

The hardest thing that people have to learn is temperance . They either tend to go to one extreme or the other ; go without entirely or load up on things . Vitamins , minerals , sugar , all these things can be used temperately but the body does not thrive on a flood of any of them . Vitamin B in

of need helps to destroy estrogens thus creating an excess of androgens . The imexcess

in the liver , of androgen - estrogen balance later . (28a ) portance

will

explained

be

Another point for consideration

is that vitamins may be groups ; classified in two the fat soluble and the water soluble . All of the vitamins in the one group or the other are usually found together and in quite definite proportions to each other . Although the use of any one vitamin on a sick person

or animal is advantageous to the experimenter in that he may learn more about this one particular substance , generally when one vitamin is missing there is a deficiency of all those in the same group . We must not lose sight of the word balance . It is just as important in the vitamin world as it is in every other scheme of nature .

"Vitamin

From the COUNCIL ON FOODS AND NUTRITION Deficiencies

"The

:

Stigmas , Symptoms and Therapy . "

accompanying

(28 )

syllabus is a consensus

views . Lack of complete information development of the subject renders tative and subject to probable early this syllabus the Council directs that

of current

due to continued rapid certain statements tenrevision . In presenting

emphasis be placed on the view that vitamins must never be relied on as a substitute

for the regular consumption Wilson , M.D. , Secretary .

of

an adequate diet . "

James R.

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

125

"The

stigmas and symptoms associated with deficiency of vitamin A, thiamine , riboflavin , niacin , ascorbic acid , vitamin D and vitamin K are listed in this syllabus together with a statement concerning treatment of each deficiency . Deficiencies of several vitamins , notably biotin , pyridoxine , pantothenic acid and vitamin E , are not accompanied by stigmas which can be recognized at present . ( 29 ) The subject is in a stage of fluidity and development which probably will revision or amplification . Particularly is diagnosis this true of the and treatment of deficiency of folic acid . This vitamin has been prepared in isolated form so necessitate

early

recently that its consideration here is omitted . Not many of the stigmas listed are diagnostic of a vitamin deficiency in themselves ,

but the occurrence of several of

these

stigmas in

association is at least presumptive evidence of some nutritional failure . Vitamin deficiencies commonly encountered in clinical practice are multiple . Scrutiny of the dietary history is indicated

in cases in which several of the

Due attention should be paid

stigmas

listed are present .

to the well

known fact that or disease may occasion the development of deficiency states when the diet otherwise might be considered adequate . stress such as pregnancy , exposure

"Treatment for a deficiency involves administration orally or, if need be , parenterally of large enough doses of the vitamin to be of therapeutic value and continuation of these treatments for long enough periods to assure a satis factory therapeutic trial . However , since the diagnosis is necessarily presumptive in many instances , exclusive dependence on specific therapy is justified only infrequently , and basic to good treatment in all cases is a diet planned to be adequate nutritionally and assurance that the diet is eaten . ( 30 ) The diet is important for the education of the patient and as a means

of dispensing factors heretofore not isolated which

DEGENERATION

126

- REGENERATION

will

be contained in the foods of such a diet . Likewise helpbecause of its content of factors not as yet identified is some good source of the vitamin B complex as

ful in treatment a whole

.

Products

such

as

brewers ' yeast

or an extract of or of rice

such yeast , wheat germ , extracts of cereal grasses

bran , crude extract of liver represent such sources . For a patient who cannot take foods or drugs orally or in whom absorption is poor , crude extract of liver or desiccated liver represent such sources . For a patient who cannot take foods or drugs or in whom absorption is poor, crude liver extract may be given intra - muscularly or even on occasion it may be diluted with sterile isotonic solution of sodium chloride

or dextrose and administered by vein . Stigmas Suggesting Deficiency

of Vitamin A

"

Xerosis of the conjunctiva : Thickening with loss of transparency , so that only the more superficial vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva are clearly seen , associated with more or less yellow pigmentation , especially along the horizontal

of the eyeball ; infrequently associated foamlike plaques called Bitot's spots .

meridian

with small

"Papular eruptions of pilosebaceous follicles : A graterlike feel , which in early stages resembles gooseflesh but , when more fully developed , presents the picture of keratosis pilaris . The extensor surfaces of the arms and thighs and the flexor surfaces of the legs are primarily affected . Treatment

"Early

of Vitamin A Deficiency

deficiency states : 25,000 U. S. P. units of vitamin daily A twice for two months or longer . More chronic states : 25,000 U. S. P. units of vitamin A two to three times daily for a prolonged period .

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

127

"Xerosis or Asteatosis of the Skin : Dryness , scaliness and crinkling , in extreme cases resembling alligator skin . In early stages the condition is associated with keratosis pilaris but it persists and extends after follicles have disappeared , the body hairs being broken and later lost . All parts of the body are involved , but the skin of the extremities , particularly of the legs , is more severely and trunk .

affected than the skin of the head

"Follicular conjunctivitis : Hypertrophy of the follicles , particularly of the lower eyelids . "Night blindness : Conspicuous only in cases of advanced , severe deficiency .

Thickening with subsequent ulceration and necrosis of the cornea ; present only in most severe and advanced forms of deficiency .

“ Keratomalacia

:

Stigmas Suggesting Deficiency

of Thiamine

"

Loss of strength of the quadriceps : disproportionate to loss of general strength , evidenced by difficulty in rising from the squatting position .

"Loss

malleoli

of vibration

and tibias

"Tenderness

Diminution

reflexes first

"Other polyneuritis

"Edema

'wet beriberi

of

and

sense :

first of toes and later of the

.

the calves and hyperesthesia of the feet : of the achilles tendon and patellar

loss

.

tendon reflexes are lost in the later stages of the of ‘dry berberi .'

of the shins , ankles and knee joints : found in .'

"Enlarged

with dependent

edema and elevated venous pressure : Poor response to rest and administration of heart

DEGENERATION

128

- REGENERATION

digitalis unless thiamine is given . This is severe deficiency (beri - beri heart ) .

a

late manifestation

of

"Papillary

edema with retinal hemorrhages : associated ophthalmoplegia and polyneuritis . The condition is a with late manifestation of severe deficiency . Treatment

of Thiamine

Deficiency

"Acute

deficiency state : 10 to 20 mg . or more of thiamine daily twice until relief of symptoms ; this may be days or weeks .

"Chronic deficiency state : 5 to 10 mg . or more of thiamine twice daily for a prolonged period . Stigmas Suggesting Deficiency

of Riboflavin

"Congestion of the limbic plexus : Visible with a small hand lens or the plus 20 lens of the ophthalmoscope ; invasion of the cornea by capillaries arising from this plexus (vascularization ) requires a biomicroscope and slit lamp for detection . "Cheilosis

: Represented in chronic deficiency by exirregular wrinkling , in acute deficiency by swellcessive and ing and erasure of the normal wrinkling of the lips . Reddening , thinning , scaling , chapping of epithelium are associated .

"

Angular Stomatitis : Various combinations of erythema and open fissuring in the angles of the mouth with or without a white , moist maceration (perleche ) ; scars of healed fissures .

“Dyssebacia : An erythema overlaid with somewhat greasy , flaky accumulations resembling hoarfrost , noted mostly in the alae nasi , canthi , pinnae and other folds of the skin , accompanied in some cases by coarsening and elevation of the

DEGENERATION

-REGENERATION

follicles of the nose and cheeks deficiency of vitamin A. with sebaceous

,

129

the latter also seen

"

Magenta tongue : A purplish - red coloring with moderate edema and flattening of filiform papillae ; observed in more advanced deficiency . Treatment

of Riboflavin Deficiency

“Acute deficiency state : 5 mg . of riboflavin three times daily for weeks . Chronic deficiency state : 3 to 5 mg . of riboflavin three times daily for a prolonged period . Stigmas Suggesting Deficiency

of Niacin

"Edema of the tongue : Shown by dental indentations . "Increased redness of the tongue ; beefy red in chronic states ; scarlet red

in

severe acute deficiency .

"

Congestion and hypertrophy of the papillae of the tongue , followed by fusion and atrophy : In early stages the fungiform papillae are congested and hypertrophied . This is followed by hypertrophy of the filiform papillae and later by their flattening . As they atrophy they fuse or mat together with multiple fissuring to give a cobblestone appearance and finally baldness , Vincent's infection of tongue and fauces , ulceration and pseudo - membrane formation may or may not accompany these changes in the more advanced stages of this deficiency .

"Dermatitis : Erythema , rough scaling , with ulceration and formation of bullae affecting primarily areas of the skin exposed to light, namely , wrists , ankles , neck and face ; observed only in severe deficiency ( pellagra ) and then frequently associated with diarrhea and dementia .

"Encephalopathy

:

Clouding of

rigidity and grasping , sucking severe

deficiency

.

consciousness

reflexes

observed

,

cogwheel

in

acute ,

DEGENERATION

130

-REGENERATION

Treatment of Niacin Deficiency

"

Acute deficiency state : 100 mg . or more of niacinamide twice daily for weeks . Chronic state : 100 mg . of niacinamide twice daily over a prolonged period . Stigmas Suggesting Deficiency of Ascorbic Acid Redness , edema , tenderness and bleeding on pressure of the gums : Observed in acute or subacute deficiency of moderate severity , sometimes with , but usually without , other signs

of ascorbic acid deficiency

"Thickening recession of deficiency .

.

and increased firmness of the gums : With papillae : observed in chronic

interdental

"Retraction

of the gums : Leaving pockets between gum secondary and tooth infection and resulting pyorrhea ; observed in chronic deficiency . ,

"Loosening

and shedding of the teeth :

"Increased

capillary fragility :

by petechial tourniquet especially in the test ;

hemorrhages

Manifested

of the skin , observed in more severe acute and subacute deficiency . Easy bruising, spontaneous ecchymosis of the skin , idiopathic hemorrhage into joints , and slow healing of wounds , observed in severe acute and subacute deficiency . Treatment

of Ascorbic Acid Deficiency

"Acute or subacute deficiency state : 100 mg . or more of ascorbic acid for weeks . Chronic deficiency state : 100 mg. of ascorbic acid three times daily over a prolonged period . Stigmas Suggesting Deficiency

"Deformities of the

chest

of Vitamin D

of the skeleton : Bowed

(funnel breast ) and defects

legs , malformation

of the teeth may be

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

131

residues of early rickets which is usually no longer active or susceptible to treatment ; enlargement of the wrists , elbows , knees , ankles and chostochondral junctions (beading rachitic rosary ) and bulging forehead (cranial bosses ) which respond to treatment are found in infancy and in the rare example of late rickets . Treatment

of Vitamin D Deficiency

“ In infants : 1,500 to 2,500 U. daily continued for several months

S. P. units (double

of vitamin

D

this amount for

premature infants ) . Stigmas Suggesting Deficiency

of Vitamin

K

“A tendency to bleeding : Particularly from minor wounds , related to abnormal lengthening of the prothrombin time , developing spontaneously in newborn infants ; observed in adults after treatment with dicumarol or large doses of salicylates ; in advanced disease of the liver with poor excretion of bile , and in disease of the intestine , such as sprue in which vitamin absorption is disturbed .

Treatment of Vitamin

K

Deficiency

"In adults : 1 mg . of vitamin K two to three times daily with or without bile ( 1 gm . of desiccated bile or bile salts ) . In newborn babies : 1 mg . of synthetic vitamin K intramuscularly daily in oil solution for several days . DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS

"A

diagnosis of vitamin deficiency only rarely can be on symptoms or less significant abnormalities than those which have been listed thus far . However , such symptoms and based

frequently

abnormalities

of deficiency

.

accompany the more specific lesions

DEGENERATION

132

-REGENERATION

"Symptoms commonly observed with deficiency of thiamine , also less conspicuously in deficiency of other vitamins , include apathy , lethargy , increased emotional irritability , hypersensitivity to noise and painful stimuli , headache , vague fears , confusion of thought , uncertainty of memory , asthenia , loss of manual dexterity ness , paresthesia , anorexia , nausea constipation

,

insomnia

,

flatulence

, ,

heart consciousepigastric pain ,

.

"

Photophobia , burning of the strain not relieved by glasses are of riboflavin . Other abnormalities any single vitamin but commonly are malnourished are dry , brittle ,

eyes , lacrimation

and eye-

encountered in deficiency unrelated to deficiency of observed in persons who

lack luster , rebellious , sostaring , called head hair a loss of sleekness analogous to the rough coat of malnourished animals , blepharitis , spider - like telangiectasis of the face , seborrhea of the face , patchy pigmentation of the face , especially suborbital and circumoral , sinus arrhythmia , bradycardia , tachycardia , low blood pressure , loss of tone of muscles and anemia . ” ( 30 ) Some Observations Concerning

"The

problem

Vitamin Requirements

of Man

of determining

human requirements for various vitamins continues to present many interesting points to students in this field . As soon as it is learned that a given substance is a vitamin needed by man , it is natural to ask how much of it is really needed . The first answer offered to this question invariably received modifications as new knowledge was obtained and this was to be expected . Where the

vitamin in question owes its discovery in large measure to study of some disease thiamine and beriberi , for example surprising it is not that the first estimates of requirement

-

-

should be based primarily on the amount found effective in

DEGENERATION

-

REGENERATION

133

treatment of the disease , and only secondarily on the minimum amount that will prevent disease . Broad clinical experience

has shown that therapeutic doses effective in bringing about reasonably prompt relief of symptoms are much larger than intakes that will prevent the development of disease . Therefore , estimates of requirements usually offered by clinicians

tend to be appreciably higher than those suggested by students medicine and public health , and the investigator

of preventive

working with animals in a nutrition laboratory . Where representatives of these various fields get together in committee meetings and try to formulate statements of human requirements for vitamins this conflict of opinion between clinician and nonclinician quickly becomes apparent . " ( 31 )

Dr. Williams of the University of Texas , is of the opinion that on the basis of genetic variations , one individual may suffer from nutritional disease on a diet wholly satisfactory for others . He contends that the physiological make - up of certain individuals is such that they may require additional amounts of specific dietary substances in order to keep healthy . We are of the same opinion but believe this difference in people to be due chiefly to difference in their endocrine patterns .

My opinion based on recent research is that the natural vitamins are much more effective than the synthetic . It has been found that in nature the various vitamins are always accompanied by helpers or what are scientifically known as synergists . These multiply tremendously the effectiveness of the vitamins .

CHAPTER X MINERALS

M

of the vitamin requirements of the body but little publicity has been given to our mineral needs . This is unfortunate for while vitamins are plentiful and easily attainable in nature , our soils often lack the minUCH TODAY IS KNOWN

erals which our bodies need . And if our soils are lacking in this respect we cannot expect to find adequate amounts of minerals in plant foods . We all know that calcium and phosphorous are necessary bone requirements of the body but there are numerous other mineral elements which are need-

ful . Some of them including sodium nesium , occur in fairly large quantities

, .

potassium , and magOur food fortunately

contains large amounts of these minerals

and nutritionists

are of the belief that no deficiencies are likely to exist in the dietary of the population of the United States in this respect.

There are many other minerals , however , which are essential to adequate nutrition which have an importance much greater than their bulk would indicate . Some of them are needed in very minute amounts , so minute that they are designated as " trace minerals . " Seaweed is an excellent source of these minerals for considerable amounts of land minerals have been washed into the sea by rain . The Japanese recognize the value of sea plants , which are as varied as those of the land and they use as many as twenty different kinds in

their diet . Many primitive people value of these sea growths .

as well

are versed

in

the

Only about a dozen of the trace minerals are known to be essential , but it is suspected by some nutritionists that eventually all the minerals ordinarily found in the earth's

DEGENERATION

-REGENERATION

135

will be found to play some part in the mechanism of body . According to Alfred Shohl , M.D. , "the functions . the of minerals are so important that they may well be said to control life itself . " ( 32 ) They feed the endocrines and control the pressures of the intricate water system of our bodies . What is known nutritionally about these trace minerals will crust

be stated later . this subject in perspective for only in this manner can the true importance of these little but mighty factors in nutrition be appreciated :

First let

In the

us examine

YEARBOOK

OF AGRICULTURE

, 1939 ,

the United States

Government treats of the nutrition of plants , animals , and men in one volume . This is as it should be , for the basic

it plants , animals developed or men . All has as environment directed . Each succeeding generation of each living organism

fundamentals

of nutrition living matter

are the same , be

poorly fitted to meet the environment . so well fitted to survive as some , and the well fitted were better able to transmit their ability to succeeding generations . The result has been the survival of the fittest . Each region of the earth has different environmental conditions , therefore , the organisms of different regions have different qualities , each having that set of qualities best suited for survival in its region . has

had members

They were not

The first great distinction in the nutritional requirement matter is in the use of inorganic elements by plant , life and the use of organic material in animal life . Even in this respect there is no sharp line of demarkation . Certain plants like the fly - catcher have the ability to use certain

of living

organic materials and animals can use certain inorganic materials such as common salt or sodium chloride , and even to a certain degree the salts of other minerals

.

In

general , how-

DEGENERATION

136

- REGENERATION

between animal and plant life is the ability of the plant to use the inorganic and the inability of the animal to do so .

ever, the chief distinction

Climatic and soil conditions differ in different parts of the world and eventually through the law of survival of the fittest , one plant developed to meet a certain set of environmental conditions , while another developed to meet another . Eventually these characteristics became so fixed that any great change in environment proved disastrous . Certain varieties

well .

plant became adapted to the desert , and under for most plants they do not thrive so Certain trees will grow in warm climates , but will

perish

in

of the

cactus

conditions

suitable

colder climates and vice versa . Even among plants of the same species , great differences in desirable environmental conditions occur . Corn adapted to Mexico does not do so well in Minnesota , etc.

Likewise the same rules of development apply to animal life . One type requires plant material exclusively ; another type requires a mixed diet , still another lives on products of the land ; another on products of the sea . Many thousands of generations are required to produce changes to meet new environmental conditions . Fortunately , in nature , climatic and other environmental conditions change rather slowly so that the step over one or a few generations is slight . If it

were otherwise , the ability of the organism to change would be outpaced . But even the slow changes of nature have been too rapid . We find today evidences of organisms which have become extinct through their inability to change fast enough .

In

regard to mankind

, we

that man is also an animal ; think that we are different .

a

tend to lose sight of the fact living organism . We like to We still have animal bodies

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

137

which are just as subject to the laws of nature as the bodies of dogs , birds and cattle . Men as well as animals have to adapt themselves to the conditions pertaining in the regions in which they live . Some of these regions have conditions more favorable for development than others , and as a result , size and height of people vary .

It is claimed that many centuries ago the Shetland Islands were uninhabited by horses of any kind until some were cast

ashore from a wrecked vessel . The horses multiplied and soon the sparse vegetation became insufficient for their needs . They learned to eat seaweed which was cast upon the shores in great quantities . Seaweed is a very excellent food but it

but little calcium . Calcium became the limiting factor in the growth of succeeding generations of horses , until this compromise with nature became fixed . Today Shetland horses are called Shetland ponies because of their miniature size . Even after several generations of eating the same food as full sized horses , their size does not seem to be much greater . Their characteristics have become more or less fixed a new contains

-

species

has been developed

.

A similar process of evolution has affected man . Japanese , like the ponies of the Shetland Islands , have had to subsist upon calcium deficient foods , and their stature is a reflection of this condition . It would seem that this limitation as to in the Japanese for the second and living generations in the United States show an increased third height average over that of their ancestors and that of the people still in Japan . size is not very well fixed

To

a less

adaptation

to

noticeable different

extent , other environmental

peoples show their These conditions .

different environmental conditions are not always readily evident . They depend upon differences of the food grown in

138

DEGENERATION

the different

habitats

.

- REGENERATION

Such is the case with the three main

divisions of the white race ; the Nordic , the Alpine and the Mediterranean .

The sea is the soil of the foods grown in the sea , just ground is the soil of land -grown foods . But whereas the soil of the sea is relatively constant in quantity of minerals , the soil of the land varies to a great extent . As a result , sea food has a stable content of the minerals , while foods grown upon land have a different and varying content . as the

Not only do land soils differ in their origin which would make for different mineral content , but they also differ in their age and exposure to the leaching effects of rainfall . It well known that in mountainous regions and in certain other sections of the earth , an almost total deficiency of iodine exists . This is chiefly because the salts of iodine are is

relatively soluble and through the centuries have been washed into the sea . Certain peoples of the earth have learned to do with a minimum of these soluble minerals . Curiously enough , these inland - living people have round heads , while the coastal peoples , everywhere , have long heads . Wherever there is

iodine in the soil there will be iodine in the rivers running from that region . The plants growing in the soil will have their content of iodine and the people and animals eating the plants will have their share . It is a strange commentary on the reasoning of some of our health officials that to supply an iodine deficiency they would put iodine in the drinking water . In the outlet instead of the inlet so - to- speak , and where plants which might change the inorganic iodine to the organic , have no chance to do so . If the state would instead , require an iodine content in fertilizers , the people would be

far more effectively served . An even more direct and inexpensive method would be the eating of iodine- containing foods

DEGENERATION such as seaweed of the earth .

as

-REGENERATION

139

do the Japanese and many other peoples

Minerals and vitamins

are

well understood to be essential

in nutrition but

there is no exact knowledge as to all the functions they perform . However , there is evidence that they are necessary to glandular function . Perhaps they are neces-

sary as constituents of glandular secretions , or perhaps as catalysts essential to the manufacture of these secretions by the glands . But what is more probable is that they act in

both capacities . Iodine for instance is known to be an ingredient of thyroxin , the secretion of the thyroid and zinc is essential in the manufacture of insulin . So here we have examples of an ingredient and a catalyst .

A further indication

of the use of vitamins and trace by glandular organs is that analysis shows these minerals the by both while the rest of the supplied plentifully organs are body is found to contain but little . When trace minerals are deficient in the foods of those people who especially need them , the effect is apparently upon the endocrines , for the body chemistry is altered .

One of the most important functions of the trace minerals their influence upon calcium and phosphorous metabolism . Without them , the endocrines and the autonomic system lose balance and with this goes loss of calcium -phosphorous balance ; by replacing needed trace minerals in the diet it is possible in many instances to balance the assimilation of is

calcium and phosphorous

. This effect is not immediate for it The endocrines must first respond to the needed trace minerals . Sometimes this is rather quickly done and sometimes slowly . The amount of time depends upon the ability of the endocrines to respond . The old idea that vitamin D was solely concerned in the assimilation of calcium

is not direct

.

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

140

and phosphorous must be discarded . Vitamin D is no more important than many other factors . Anything that influences body chemistry influences calcium - phosphorous levels , and all

of the

essentials

water , vitamins

of nutrition , proteins , carbohydrates , fats , as well as some of the non-

and minerals

such as sugar and other drugs , play their part in this regard . essentials

According to a United States Department of Agriculture publication , " the chief fault of many American diets is that they provide too little of the essential minerals and vitamins . ” ( 33 ) In a discussion of minerals , parts of this publication will be quoted :

MANGANESE

"It

.

is

its

appears that manganese in very small quantities is particular action necessary in the human diet , although body greatest yet in the not known The amounts have

in

in

.

of

of

in

,

,

in

been found the liver pancreas and suprarenals which provide substances important certain regulatory processes Experimental manganese show the body rats deprived sterility the males and lack of maternal instinct the

During pregnancy manganese passes into the blood of the unborn child and the fecal discharge the newborn infant contains remarkable amount The recent .

a

,

stream

of

.

females

,

as

,

is

-

in

discovery that leg bone deformity perchickens known accompanied by manganese deficiency suggested osis has

(

"

34 )

will furnish

fifteen years .

or

twelve

this element for children

is

.

of

be noted that considerable amounts manganese poison act This not true

in the inorganic form may

as a

to

is

It

of

period

an adequate amount

of

ganese taken over

a

.

of

the possible necessity this element for normal bone development Studies indicate that as little as one ounce of man-

DEGENERATION

of manganese as found form .

in

- REGENERATION plant

substance ,

141

or

the organic

COBALT

"

This element has been found in extremely small amounts most of the organs of the human body except in the pancreas . Cobalt is known to increase the number of red cor-

in

the blood , and there is evidence that it may be beneficial in certain types of anemia . Some persistent human nutritional anemias refuse to clear up completely with the puscles

in

usual iron treatment , and the partial cure effected by iron compounds in such cases is now believed to be due to the traces of cobalt which these salts have been found to carry as impurities . " ( 35 )

COPPER Copper is present in varying amounts in all living matter , indicating that it is essential for both plant and animal life .

"The

copper present in the human body , estimated at 100 to 150 milligrams , or 0.10 to 1.15 gram , is almost all

contained in the muscles , bones , and liver with only a small amount , ” ( 36 ) “ in the blood . Since the animal body is not

able to form red blood cells and hemoglobin in the absence of copper or at best can form them only at a very slow rate , both iron and copper must be administered before the anemia

will

be cured ." (37 )

IRON

It will be noted that cobalt and copper play an important part in the assimilation of iron . The three work together as a team . The iron requirements are greater for women than

DEGENERATION

142

for men . This is due to the tion and childbirth in women

- REGENERATION

of iron through menstruaExperiments have shown that women have generally a lesser concentration of iron in their blood than men , but when the iron intake was increased , the concentration Became about the same as in the blood of loss

.

men . The iron available in foods depends greatly upon the amounts of iron available in the soils in which the foods grew . Due to this fact we find a greater deficiency of iron people's blood in some localities than in others . It is said that there is a general deficiency of iron in the people of Florida , especially as regards the women .

in

A number of workers have suggested that the iron intake should be from 17 milligrams to 20 milligrams per day in women of the childbearing age . ( 38 ) Experiments have shown that men rarely show iron deficiencies resulting in anemia the iron intake

even when

is one -fourth of this

amount

.

especially liver , contains quantities of iron Glandular as does the red bone marrow . Molasses is a rich source of iron . tissue ,

Milk

is a very poor source of

iron .

Iron , cobalt and copper

are found together in animal the diet is adequate in the animal proteins , there is little likelihood of there being a deficiency in these materials .

products

, so

if

IODINE The iodine content of soils varies greatly . As a result some foods have considerable iodine content while some others are totally deficient in this element . It is one of the essential ingredients of the secretion of the thyroid gland . The needs of the body in respect to iodine are considered to be from 1.0

to

daily . (39 ) However , it is possible for to get along without daily intake of iodine for quite

2.0 milligrams

a person

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

143

lengths of time for the iodine containing secretions are broken down after they have served their usefulness and the iodine , less that lost in body excretions , is used again .

some considerable

This presumes a store of iodine with which to begin . Unfortunately , in some regions of the earth , there is not sufficient iodine in the soil and hence in the foods used in that section to stock the body's storehouse , so in these regions the result of this deficiency is so general that they are desig nated " goiter belts , " being so named from one of the most obvious pathological results of this deficiency .

All people are not affected in like manner by lessened iodine intake . People whose ancestors came from inland regions need less iodine as well as other minerals found to a lessened degree away from the coast , for their bodies have by inheritance adjusted themselves to this lessened supply . It is not known whether the thyroid secretions are less essential to these people or whether the loss of them through the secretions is lessened , so that they conserve better what they have . It is probable that both factors are important . Since there is a great difference in endocrine patterns , both of the in-

dividual and of different

races

of people ,

it

is possible

that

the other endocrines may assume some of the functions of the thyroid , thus reducing the need for the thyroid secretions . Whatever the mechanism , the fact remains that people whose ancestors

lived in Central

Europe

are

same degree , as regards thyroid pathology

not afflicted to the in the goiter regions

of America , as are people whose ancestry had a plentiful supply of iodine and the other sea minerals , living in the same sections .

The soluble minerals such

as

iodine

have been leached

from the soils to a considerable extent through the centuries .

DEGENERATION

144

- REGENERATION

As a result , they are found principally in the sea and to some extent in the soils bordering the sea , where the soil becomes replenished by currents of air containing spray , known in those localities as " salt air . " Thyroid troubles are at a minimum weed and sea fish are used as fertilizers

in ,

regions where sea

or where the food

consists to a large degree of products from the sea . The use of inorganic iodine in the drinking water or in the table salt only partially rectifies iodine deficiency . Although enlargement of the thyroid is less commonly seen where this has been done , other diseases of the thyroid are still prevalent as is shown by the beneficial effect of small amounts of thyroid substances for a multitude of diseases including dental caries .

FLUORINE Fluorine is one of the trace minerals always found in the body but which up to a short time ago was thought to be non - essential and even detrimental to the body . It was discovered some years ago that traces of fluorine as low as three parts per million in the drinking water of some localities was the cause of mottled enamel of the teeth of people who drank this water during the formation

Now

it

period of the enamel .

is known that fluorine is one of the essential

constituents of the enamel of the teeth . Some researchers

at

the University of Rochester have even determined that the incidence of dental decay is inversely proportional to the amount of fluorine in the enamel . It is interesting to note that many times the amount of fluorine which in water causes mottled

enamel , in foods does not have any ill effect . It again between the inorganic and the

is the old difference organic .

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

145

Most of our fertilizers now contain fluorine which when applied to the soil appears in the plants grown thereon in the organic form , which is as it should be . The growing tendency to put inorganic

turn out to be

fluorine in the drinking water of cities may

a not unmixed

blessing .

MAGNESIUM Our

knowledge of the part that magnesium plays in the It is known , however , that magnesium

body is very meagre .

is one of the essential minerals ; that if the food of experimental animals contains less than two parts of magnesium per million , the animals become sick and eventually die . ( 40 )

There is some evidence that magnesium is used in the metabolism of fats .

ZINC

"For

a period

of more than fifteen

years there has been possible necessity considerable interest in the of zinc in the diet . It is always present in human tissues , the greatest con-

centration having been found in the sex organs and thyroid . The liver of an infant contains more than three times as much zinc as the liver of the adult . This suggests a storage of zinc the child before birth , as is known to occur in the case of copper and iron . Human milk , as well as that of cows

in

and ewes , contains zinc ; in each case the amount

in

the milk

is greatest immediately

after the birth of the young . For a period of ten to fifteen days there is a sharp drop in the amount of zinc found ; thereafter it remains the same . After repeated attempts by several investigators , a zinc deficiency in experimental animals was finally produced in 1935. While this work demonstrated the necessity for zinc for normal development , the exact action of this element in animal nutrition

still remains obscure ." (41 )

DEGENERATION

146

-REGENERATION

TIN

"

Since the great use of tin in the canning industry , considerable attention has been focused on the tin content of effect in the body . There apto be no danger of harmful effects to those ingesting the quantities of this metal found either in canned or natural canned foods and its ultimate pears

(that is either in the inorganic or organic form ) . Tin has been noted in many of the human tissues ; it seems to be concentrated in the suprarenal glands and occurs in foodstuffs

considerable amounts in the liver , brain , spleen and thyroid gland . One investigator found exceedingly large amounts of tin in the mucous membrane of the tongue . " (42 )

ARSENIC Arsenic in the inorganic form is a well - known poison . the organic form it is proving to be an indispensable element in human nutrition . It is found in traces in most organs

In

of the body but chiefly in the liver. The liver seems to be the storehouse of this element as well as of many of the vitamins and minerals . In times of need the liver releases arsenic to the blood stream . This happens during menstruation and during the fifth and sixth months of preg nancy and also with the disease of cancer . " Here , then is an element that seems closely associated with the physiology of man . In just what manner it acts is a question that remains unanswered . " (43 )

BROMINE Bromine is one of the most interesting trace minerals , not for what is known about it , but rather for what is not known about it . It is known that " in certain mental conditions known as manic - depressive psychoses , the normal blood bromine is reduced to about half and remains low until there

DEGENERATION

in the

-REGENERATION

147

pathological

condition . The bromine content of the blood is changed also during menstruation . The growth - regulating portion of the pituitary gland contains concentrations 7 to 10 times greater than that of any other organ . There is also considerable variation in bromine

is an improvement

content of the tissues with age ; after 45 the amount begins to fall and at 75 years of age only a trace , if any , remains . All of these facts suggest many important questions regarding the action of bromine which need investigating . " (44 )

BORON

It is only within the last few years that boron has been recognized as an essential to plant growth . The difficulty lay in the fact that such minute amounts were needed that it was difficult to produce artificial soils without some trace of boron . When it was done it was found that plants could not grow without it even if everything else was supplied . It has something to do with the utilization of calcium by the plant . Because of the universal distribution of boron in the soils and in plant life , it is recognized as an essential to animal nutrition , but in just what manner it is utilized by the animal organism is unknown . (45 )

NICKEL

"Nickel

has been found more widely distributed than the human tissues and is particularly concentrated physioin the pancreas . Thus far nothing is known of logical function

in

( 46 )

.

"

its

cobalt

,

beryllium

as

as

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

Lithium rubium caesium barium strontium gold cadmium silicon titanium well

silver

,

OTHER TRACE MINERALS traces

of

148

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

nearly all the other metals have been found in human tissues . To date nothing is known about the role , if any , that they play in human nutrition . From time to time new knowledge of the use of the trace minerals is acquired . It seems reasonable to suppose that in the future still more knowledge of them will be obtained .

It

does not seem unreasonable to suggest that everything in the earth's crust will eventually be found to play some part in human nutrition , for living organisms seem to use every thing that the environment contains .

Because of this theory and soils being what they are , we are tablets com-

advise the daily use of " Minerals " which pounded of kelp , bone flour and iron .

T

CHAPTER XI SUMMARY

:

in this book are basic " because do not interfere with other treatments ; basic because any treatment that fails to take into consideration the fundamental laws of body chemistry is inadequate ; basic because even if not supplemented with any other kind of treatment , they make it possible for the body itself to successfully undertake the restoration of health ; basic because by following the HE PRINCIPLES THE they

expounded

two simple rules of diet ,

it

1,

giving the body all the materials

that are injurious to enjoy everyone even better health and avoid can it almost falling the possibility of victim to any of the deficiency needs ;

2,

withholding the things

,

diseases . " (47 )

When poor nutrition is thus exchanged for good , almost miraculous effects can be expected . Good body chemistry brings correct weight and the proper distribution of it , increased emotional stability , maximum production , heightened resistance to disease , and more rapid recuperative powers . When body chemistry is out of balance we have bodily . In sympathetic dominants excess weight appears above the waist , in parasympathetics below the waist . As the body chemistry is returned to normal these excesses tend to be equalized . We had one case of an overweight sympathetic dominant who lost 10 pounds in two and one-

disproportions

half weeks although she was eating more than she had been able to for several years . The loss of weight was due to the returning balance of the endocrines . The improved endocrine balance was dependent upon a diet containing the essentials to the proper functioning of the glands . All the elements of

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

150

nutrition were present but special mins and minerals

as

stress was

laid upon vita-

they are most likely to be deficient in

our diets . Another patient who was about normal weight had a distinct redistribution of that weight as her body chemistry regained balance . Still other patients added to their aesthetic appeal by putting on a few pounds . But in none of these program for reducing

cases was there a definite

The entire aim With that came

was to regain chemical balance

or gaining . of the body .

these other advantages .

.

at

of

.

is

ill

As for emotional stability everyone who has ever been knows that their perspective out focus such times Bring them back into bodily balance and their outlook on life falls into more normal channels Healthy bodies do not ,

at

,

germinate strong bacteria and thus although infectious diseases will continue to occur in all of us times our resistance

,

to

,

A

.

A

is is

a

.

be stronger efficiency As

.

of

at

will

if

our bodily mechanics are kept rule parasympathetics become easily pancreas secreting ample insulin infected but since the person quickly they heal become inless apt normal quickly sympathetic dominant fected and heals on the against them the peak

to

tends become infected readily and because the producing an insufficient amount insulin heals pancreas slowly The recuperative powers the various types run about parallel their capacity heal ,

.

to

to

.

of

is

of

,

other hand

is

mechanism weakened by inferior parts

.

a

found

in

is

.

,

a

-

is

It

chemically balanced body self evident that more efficient than one out of balance Therefore in health we can expect greater productive abilities with less fatigue than

to

of

,

;

In the attainment of health under this system there are the endocrines two limiting factors first the ability

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

151

respond ; and second , the time required for any particular endocrine pattern to return to normal . These are the limiting factors of a bio- chemical approach to the degenerative

The principles of this approach are based on a that each individual differs from another in endocrine pattern and nutritional needs and that in nutrition we have the means to bring about or prevent breakdown within the bodily organism .

diseases .

recognition

The greatest value of this work is not in stopping the progress of disease or reversing its course but in preventing the occurence of degenerative ills . By making regular calciumphosphorous tests susceptibility to these diseases can be determined before the ordinary symptoms have had an opportunity to develop . Then good body chemistry can be regained through the temporary use of endocrine tinuous adherence to proper nutrition .

The measures

products

,

and con-

economic advantages to be gained by these health are considerable . Business organizations need not

have the efficiency of their production limited by so many absences due to illness . The help turnover need not be so great because fewer people in a depleted physical condition need be hired . Judgments of personality and stamina will have a firmer foundation through the application of body measurement tests and the recognition of minor symptoms of

good and bad body chemistry .

In the movie industry great curtailment of expense can be realized by producing beautiful women rather than leaving it to chance to find them . Good body chemistry maintained from childhood will produce human beings of physical perfection in form and line . And through proper education other qualities desirable in this field can be cultivated . Child actors

DEGENERATION

152

-REGENERATION

and actresses of today need not continue to develop physical disproportions . Thick legs , heavy hips , bad curves at the knee , all these things can be corrected during the growing years by proper nutrition , nutrition aimed at keeping the endocrines determinants of growth , in proper balance .

,

is needed is to apply the same standards of perpeople fection to that we do to farm animals and machines . The basic reason for doing so may be economic , aesthetic or a desire to see human beings give the most to life and receive

What

from it the maximum in health and happiness . Whatever the it is folly to let our civilization run itself into the ground because of failure to apply our intelligence to the preservation of a race of healthy people . reason ,

in

a

We think of ourselves as individuals but we are also links long chain , a chain that goes back to the beginning of

If

over a period of a hundred years each link in the man . chain became one per cent weaker than its predecessor, the end of the race would be near . And yet , one per cent weakening in each generation would be so slight as to be imperceptible . What is actually happening is that the increase in disability is so rapid that it can be seen . Grandchildren in general have less bodily resistance and are more subject to ills than their grandparents were at a like age . If we do not wish to become extinct , we must go back to the rules of nutrition no harmful things and all of the essentials .

-

Our bodies are today the same mechanical contrivances that they were thousands of years ago and thousands of generations ago the chain was strong . We talk about our heredity ― but what we have was given to us we brag about it

-

what we should be sure of is that we pass along to the next generation as good as we have received . If, however , we do

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

153

well and good . There are people , whom we call primitive , who still are capable of carrying on . not want to bother

,

In

this time of world upheaval with one war barely over , everyone fearing the next and minor skirmishes being reported daily, it well behooves those who bear the burden of perpetuating the race to see that the stock is strengthened by

all the means within their reach . The future of civilization is dependent not only upon the survival of democracy but upon the propagation of nations of people healthy in body and mind , and at peace with each other because of mutual understanding

.

Degeneration

Regeneration PART

II

PREFACE

If you

have not read the author's first book , “ Young Minds With Old Bodies ," you are sure to find here some unique interpretations of health and disease . Even if you

are acquainted with his first work you will find additional and more complete explanations in the present volume . Because of his originality , the author was sure at first to find a small number of followers and a whole army of detractors . This is the lot of pioneers in most fields and perhaps especially in the field of therapy .

Through applying

the ideas here presented , a growing and dentists find that they are able to effect remarkable physical improvement in certain diseases after the usual methods have failed . More , these practicioners

number

of physicians

are able to increase the physical efficiency and sense of well-

being in individuals not aware of any symptoms of The present volume consideration .

deserves

VICTOR (Doctor

a wide

H.

disease .

and open - minded

SEARS , D.D.S.

Sears of Salt Lake City , Utah , was formerly

Professor of Dentistry at New York University .)

)

FOREWORD The problem of dental decay is possibly one of the greatest problems before the people of the civilized world today . Of itself it causes untold suffering , loss of time from productive work and a great deal of expense to the people . Indirectly

, however , the results are many times worse because from the loss of vitality of the teeth which accrues from dental disease , there are secondary effects .

resulting

from these foci of infection are much more disastrous . Without dental decay in the first place , authorities consider that there would be very little appendicitis , rheumatic fever , and valvular lesions. The secondary

effects

of the heart . Dental decay and its allied are classified as degenerative diseases classification

are cancer , arthritis

ease , kidney

disease , circulatory

,

.

disease

Other

pyorrhea

diseases

in this

various forms of heart disdisease ,

in fact nearly all

of the killers belong in this classification . It is admitted by both the medical and dental professions that there is practically nothing known

about

the cause

and cure of such

diseases .

The first break -through in erative disease

known

successful

treatment of degen-

has come strangely enough

in that type of

as malignancy

or cancer . This is strange because cancer has been considered one of the hardest nuts to disease

crack . Nevertheless , it has now been found that certain types of cancer can be cured by the use of sex hormones . And now it seems probable that from the dental profession is coming

the first comprehensive understanding as to the cause and prevention of the degenerative diseases . In a sense this should not be unexpected since the dentists are dealing with degen-

DEGENERATION

160

- REGENERATION

erative disease most of the time . answer to those problems that the solution to follow .

If

the dentist can find the

in his field , it

seems

of the other degenerative

very likely

diseases

is soon

It would

appear that the greatest handicap in the solution of these diseases has been in the study of the diseases themselves .

tissue , they have they have tried drugs and

The cancer men have studied cancer

it in other animals , chemicals to inhibit its growth . The arthritis men studied arthritis , what happened in the joints in a person so afflicted . The dentists have studied the teeth and their surrounding

implanted

All

tissues .

have studied from these angles , but the complete

answer does not lie in the study of these diseases study of the host of these diseases .

;

it lies in the

It has long been observed by dentists that certain mouths are immune to decay and it matters little whether the mouths have the benefit of daily scrubbing by tooth brushes or not . It has been observed that brothers living at the same place under

nearly identical

conditions

on the same food intake totally and environment still could have different mouth conditions ; one might have very much decay and the other might have none .

long time dentists considered that certain bacteria of the mouth through their action on food debris created acids which attacked susceptible areas of the teeth and proFor

duced

a

an entrance to the dentine

where decay starts

expands . They have been able by culturing the flora

and

of the

mouth to determine without looking into the mouth itself whether the person was immune or susceptible to dental decay . They have even found how to reduce susceptibility to dental

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

161

decay by as much as 30 % by limiting the carbohydrate intake of the individual . It has also been found that teeth could be made much less susceptible to decay by the use of fluorine applications

although

for some time it was not known just worked to produce this partial

how this fluorine application immunity .

Now , Bernard Gottlieb of Baylor's University College of Dentistry (48 ) has explained logically that this effect is due to the combination of fluorine with the chemicals of the teeth

which serves to make an insoluble compound in the enamel thus inhibiting the action of acids on the teeth . Furthermore , his theory is considerably strengthened by his ability to improve upon the method of using fluorine . He uses zinc chloride precipitated with potassium ferro - cyanide to do this work and claims much better results . His claim is that this method produces insoluble salts which precipitate in the lamella which are the paths of invasion through the enamel By thus plugging

these avenues of attack , He believes that all people have these lamella but the character of the saliva of some people inhibits the acid -producing bacteria so that invasion does not take

to the dentine

.

decay is prevented

.

place . He thinks that perhaps we eventually

will

learn through

metabolism to control the quality of saliva by diet and thus prevent tooth decay . In all probability that is just what the proponents of the carbohydrate regulation of the individual do to lessen susceptibility . Recently most of the investigators of degenerative diseases have been devoting their time to the hormones particularly in the study of cancer . It is in this relationship between glands

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

162

and cancer that they are beginning to achieve success both in understanding and treating the disease . Hormones

are the most powerful chemical

substances

known . All of the chemical processes in the body are undoubtedly controlled by hormones . They are the products of the endocrine

glands , chemical

these substances

are

all the cells of the body . normal

processes

messengers

so - called , and

all put into the blood

stream

when they reach

It

is logical to suppose that since of the body are controlled by these hor-

mones that abnormal processes are also controlled by their presence or absence or by their own abnormal properties .

For instance : the thyroid which is one of the endocrine glands and probably the best known , sometimes puts out less secretion or hormone than it should . This lessened secretion produces certain abnormalities gland

in

the person having such a

Sometimes , however , the gland puts out more than the normal amount and the person owning such a gland is an entirely different person from the former . Then again the .

secretion made is abnormal ditions

it

process

which the hormone

is considered

in character . Under these con-

a toxic

secretion and the chemical

was intended

to control becomes

abnormal . The person who has the toxic thyroid is distinguished by certain characteristics due to this condition such as

protruding eyeballs ,

strung nervous system

a quickened

pulse and a very highly

.

Now there is no doubt that all of the endocrine glands can be affected in a similar manner . When such changes occur , any person must be affected to some degree , but most of us are affected in such a slight degree that it is discernible

only to

those trained

in this field .

To

the average person the

DEGENERATION

-REGENERATION

163

of such glandular changes are merely those factors distinguish which one individual from another . They are the factors which make people different . These deviations constitute the differences in endocrine pattern ; they explain why people are not all of the same height or the same build ; effects

why we accumulate fat in different places , if we accumulate it . These endocrines also account for personality characteristics to a large degree

,

in

fact , our endocrine

patterns are

our thumb prints . It is only when our endocrine patterns diverge from the normal beyond the margin of as different

as

safety allowed by nature that pathology results . Now the cause of these divergences are twofold . endocrine patterns are in a great measure inherited .

Our

It

is

commonly understood by Sarah Jones that she is fat because her mother was fat and because her aunt was fat ; that it runs in the family . It has also been commonly understood that

a susceptibility to various diseases runs through a family . Actually there is much to be learned about a patient from his family history . The person is a product of his ancestors and varies from them only in degree .

164

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

ORAL SECTOR

NUTRITION

MEANS OF ASSIMILATION

DIET

SOIL

CHAPTER

I

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT DIAGNOSIS :

LIMITATIONS OF PRIVATE PRACTICE

' OR THE FOR average

BENEFIT of those who take a deeper interest than the layman , I will treat more carefully of those symptoms which aid in the diagnosis of abnormal oral conditions and other difficulties with a common systemic basis . Be it understood from the start that the inter- relationship of the mental and physical is recognized . There is no illness which does not have its effect upon the mental and emotional state

of the patient and no one should fail

to eliminate all possiphysical classifying ble causes before the patient as a mental case . Abnormal mental states can and do affect body chemistry but in my opinion it is more often the other way around .

Since many of our professional researchers do not have which enable them to treat human beings , they have understandably tried to discount clinical research and to exalt animal research . Since mine is all clinical , it will have very little value to such people . Nevertheless , for those who are degrees

interested we will give the graphs of certain patients , their meaning and the treatment indicated for each case .

of measurements has not changed but our have advanced during the years . We have now point reached a where the measurements graphed indicate the endocrine pattern of the individual instead of just classifying him as parasympathetic or sympathetic . By the old method only a few men with great experience can estimate roughly Our

system

interpretations

the endocrine pattern of an individual . Furthermore , it is very difficult to teach this to others . At the best , this method can be used only for the grossest endocrine abnormalities .

DEGENERATION

166

- REGENERATION

The new measurement method can be easily taught to others and the findings applied to slight endocrine abnormalities such as those with which most of us are afflicted . In fact , we find that endocrine patterns of individuals are almost as individualistic as their fingerprints , and that susceptibility to and even the types of disease can be foretold with astonishing accuracy . The temperament of the individual can be determined as well as compatibility or incompatibility to others . Such things show in the graphs obtained from these disease

measurements .

We believe that further use and development of this will do much for the prevention of disease and also

system

will

do much to eliminate discord and other social evils due

to incompatibility of temperament occupation

and

maladjustments

of

.

The way this system was developed was by the following means : we first began to realize that dental decay and pyorrhea were but manifestations of some underlying systemic condition . We then realized that this had something to do with the endocrine situation since by using insulin and thyroid we were able to change the calcium and phosphorous levels in whichever direction was desired . We used a minute amount

of thyroid or insulin , whichever had the calcium - phosphorous

a desirable effect

upon

levels .

Looking back , it seems remarkable that we had so much with only those two products . The explanation proba-

success

bly lies in the fact that my patients all lived in the goiter belt of the Great Lakes region and most had thyroid troubles . Another very noticeable phenomenon in that region was great the extremes in the shapes and sizes of women's legs . (Skirts were less than knee - length in those days .) Thinking that there might be some connection between the sizes of legs

DEGENERATION

1919

- REGENERATION

1939

These photographs are of the same person but taken twenty years apart . If the relative measurements had been taken at each time and graphed they would have been very similar . If the endocrine pattern had been corrected in 1919 she would have had a good figure in 1939.

167

DEGENERATION

168

- REGENERATION

and the glandular system of the individual , we decided to investigate . Of course , the weight of the individual would have some bearing on the size of the leg , so it was important to get the relative proportions of the leg of the weight of the individual .

to the arm irrespective

After much experimentation , it was found that five circumferential measurements of both the forearm and the lower leg would do . The average of the circumferential measurements of the leg was divided by the average of the arm measurements . This was plotted on one side of a two dimensional graphing chart and the yearly incidence of dental decay on the other . The resulting clearly was a relationship dental troubles .

A

pattern was illuminating

.

There

between the size of the leg and

of this procedure was given in MinneCollege in 1934. I remember Doctor Clapp was one of the group for whom the demonstration was staged. Ten women were selected for my experiment , the only stipulation being that they must have dental decay apolis

demonstration

at the Dental

and must know approximately how many cavities they had yearly . This information was not made available to me . It was my job to measure the women and from the results estimate the yearly number of caries each had had in the previous year and furthermore to describe the mouth conditions of each person without looking in the mouth . The experiment succeeded to the mystery of the audience and particularly to the women measured .

Our technique of measurement has improved during the We make our own tapes of about one quarter inch width and check them on a yard stick each time used because

years .

atmospheric conditions cent .

A

affect the length as much

as

one per

hook is fastened to the end of the tape and after the

DEGENERATION

16

- REGENERATION

HYPO -THYROID

14 13 43

15

16

HYPER -THYROID HYPO POSTERIOR PITUITARY

15

14 13

16

HYPER POSTERIOR PITUITARY HYPO ANTERIOR PITUITARY

14 13

15

HYPER ANTERIOR PITUITARY

169

DEGENERATION

170

- REGENERATION

tape is passed around the member , it is engaged in the hook . Contact with the skin is made without appreciable pressure and the measurement read at the point where the tape passes

through the hook .

In

time we learned from the figures obtained by these

measurements whether thyroid or insulin was the more likely to succeed . This enables us to save time . Gradually we began to realize that other treatment might be beneficial so we plotted the measurements singly instead of as a group . We divided the ankle measurement by the wrist measurement and plotted it on a ruled filing card an inch from the left margin .

second point was plotted two inches from the left margin and the others in like manner , making five points in all . The starting points were the prominences of the ankle bone and

The

the wrist bone . The end points were the elbow and the center of the knee cap . Three equi - distant measurements were taken between these points

.

Leg contours of patient after patient were studied with care . Not only were the differences noted but the likenesses in cases responding to similar treatment . A template was made from a composite graph of measurements taken from twentyone women apparently normal in build and having neither dental decay nor other ills . This norm on a glass slide placed over a patient's graph indicated variance from normal and gave the endocrine history of the individual . Each patient was graphed

in

this manner and divergences from the normal graph noted . After some ten years a study of these graphs and the treatment used in successful cases led to an improved interpretation . Not only was it possible to determine which group of glands in the autonomic nervous system was in dominance but the activity of the thyroid , the posterior and the anterior pituitary glands as individual factors could be deter-

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

171

We have used these graphs on all cases for about years twelve and continue to learn things from them . We they serve as simple keys which can be used to unlock think mined

.

a room full of interesting and important

things which serve Perhaps the reader

to advance knowledge in the healing arts . can be the best judge of how successful we have been . In any event , this improved interpretation has led to refinements in treatment ; for if individual glands on both sides were out of whack and yet balanced each other , this fact would not be obliterated

in

gross

determinations

.

The physical efficiency of a person is greatly dependent upon his chemistry . His chemistry is controlled and regulated by his ductless glands or endocrines . A person's body chemistry may be likened to a centrifuge . A centrifuge is a wheel - like instrument which whirls at great speed

.

It is

like a wheel with

and no rim . Attached to the ends of the spokes are small buckets in which are placed the solutions to be centrifuged . It is used to separate mixtures having slightly different spokes

. A cream separator works on the same principle , the heavier ingredient being the milk , separating from the lighter , the cream .

specific gravities

A centrifuge to run smoothly must have cups evenly balanced with the same weight of material in each cup . Unless this is so , the wheel will chatter , and make a terrific racket as it spins and will soon tear itself to pieces . The ductless glands , like the buckets of the centrifuge should all have equal power and weight if the human centrifuge is to run without chatter . In fact , we seldom find a human machine beyond eighty years of age which does not have a well - balanced endocrine pattern . Those who do not have a well -balanced pattern just do not live that long .

DEGENERATION

172

- REGENERATION

.

centrifuge

a

is

a

if

of the

in

to

of

is

not bad simile for the endocrine patjust you consider that there certain liquid be divided among the various buckets

tern especially amount

;

-

is

it

will run smoothly

so that the machine

The

of

is

to

,

if

or

X -

its

There are two possible ways in which the human machine may be put into balance . The first is by reducing a gland and ray surgery product by over active and the by adding weight other the other side the centrifuge

is

if

of

a

is

a

.

to

it

,

.

,

centrifuge Therefore there too much weight one of the buckets means that some other buckets have too centrifuge little weight In order balance such meonly chanic must determine not which bucket too full

-

,

.

,

.

,

-

,

.

a

.

of

or

liquid but which bucket liquid and by buckets are shy how much The human centrifuge or endocrine system must be treated in similar manner Over active endocrines must be found and likewise the under active endocrines their shortages determined and their proper weight restored To make the problem more difficult these endocrine systems are all hand made In the system of one person the balancing endo-

blueprint which as

of

.

like

It

.

a

-

idea

with

gives us an new machine to the over active and under active endocrines and comes -

a

endocrine pattern which we make from measurements

is

a

of

it

it

a

,

in

,

in

of

of

Langerhans the thyroid gland may be the Isles may be the posterior the pancreas whereas another pituitary while may be third little each The

crine

.

their opponents

substances can be used

to

of

of

.

,

.

in

-

of in

Accuracy measurements and calcium phosphorous determinations are utmost importance Variations tolerance levels for any endocrine are great and important too much any substance may bring back the symptoms for which the Actually any secretion should give relief the endocrine

raise or lower the calcium level of

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

173

the blood or the phosphorous level of the blood

. Perhaps this though generally the sounds contradictory . Nevertheless glands of the parasympathetic side of the endocrine system raise the calcium level and lower the phosphorous level , and

-

those of the sympathetic lower the calcium level and raise the phosphorous level , in some cases where the glandular pattern indicates it , the opposite treatment may prove effective .

Naturally , this sort of thing makes it difficult to lay down rules of procedure . I might suggest that if the glandular pattern and frequent calcium - phosphorous bloods are correctly interpreted , there is only one general rule which need be regarded . That is : that any endocrine dysfunction alters the calcium - phosphorous blood levels , and the supplying of the deficient secretion , whatever it is , to that system will guide its chemical efficiency back to normal .

CHAPTER

II

THE NORMAL GRAPH GRAPHS

INDICATING

HYPO AND HYPER FUNCTION OF VARIOUS ENDOCRINES

when either a husband or a wife becomes a for correction of body chemistry , the other becomes interested and also becomes a patient . We have noticed a peculiarity about the graphs of these couples . Usually one is a complement of the other . If the husband is a marked hyperthyroid, the wife is a hypo -thyroid or vice versa . Likewise , if one is hyper - pituitary , the other is hypo - pituitary . If the ERY OFTEN

VERY patient

the man is a gynic . We have taken graphs of a few divorced

woman is andric

,

couples and almost invariably we find similarity of some endocrine dysfunction . We believe the physical attraction between two people of opposite sex is based largely upon one's endocrinopathy being neutralized in the progeny by an opposite endocrinopathy . Thus nature tends to keep the individuals of the race within certain boundary lines . The insurance companies have noted a strong tendency to that disease in people of which their parents were afflicted ; this tendency is greatly increased if both parents or members of both families had the same disease .

Susceptibility

based on similarities

to certain types of disease of endocrine dysfunction .

seems

to be

The average American mates of his own free will , thus in the main allowing nature to select his mate for him . It is to be observed , however , that when other influences are the deciding factors , the progeny are apt to be peculiar in certain respects . Sometimes the union of two families becomes desirable because of wealth and social position . The descendants of such unions are often “go -getters " in their own rights

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

175

but more often inherit with the good qualities of their parents a double dose of the bad . In such families we often see sympathetic dominance inherited from both sides leading to susceptibility to the sympathetic types of disease . Infantile paralysis , cancer and diabetes occur often enough among such people as to be definitely conspicuous .

When mating

takes place among

retain certain standard characteristics

.

wild animals , the types When man interferes ,

we get such different characteristics that we can produce distinct breeds as among dogs and cattle . The higher the breeding become .

,

the

more

delicate

in constitution

they

usually

Perhaps it is not out of place to remark here that men always seem to have had an eye for women's legs . When we realize through measurements that the female leg in particular shows by its form and size the endocrine pattern of that person , we perhaps can realize that men instinctively types above

in

there will be no unanimity picking his own cominstinctively man

all others . However

this selection plementary pattern

, each

prefer certain

,

.

In only one respect are all men agreed . That is in the curvaceous or " Betty Boop " type . However , this is the hypoposterior - pituitary type and indicates a highly sexed individual . For this reason apparently two hypo - posterior - pituitary people can mate even though they both have the same glandular dysfunction . They seem to get along well together so

probably this particular type of endocrinopathy does not produce incompatibility . When one considers how few people there are with good graphs , it is truly remarkable that they should so frequently

In our work

have mates

with equally good graphs .

we have measured several thousand people . We have learned to some extent to anticipate from the ap-

176

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

pearance and behavior of the patient the appearance of his graph , but not in cases of slight malfunction of the endocrines . We are still eager to see the measurements graphed for until we see the graph , we feel that we do not know the patient . After seeing the graph , we feel that we know what to expect of the person and a great deal about his character , traits and abilities as well as his pathological tendencies .

One interesting observation is that occasionally we see people over eighty years of age . Almost invariably they have nearly perfect graphs . Those without good graphs just do not live that long without having their endocrine patterns corrected . For example , a recent new patient was 92 years old . She informed me that she never cared for sugar and had never eaten candy or desserts . Her graph is perfect . Just recently a party of friends and myself were at a rather famous eating place some twenty miles away . This lady and her companion were there also . She is not waiting to die but enjoys herself thoroughly . She wants to live many years more or as long as she continues to enjoy life .

CHAPTER ANDRO - GYNIC

OR

III

ANDROGEN - ESTROGEN BALANCE people that other

THEORY HAS BEEN EXPOUNDED by a number of THHE males and females have characteristics in common

than the external physical differences . Draper (49 ) has called these characteristics " gynic and andric" factors , the females having more gynic than andric and the males having more andric than gynic . For example , let us say that the normal male has 60 % andric factors and has 40 % gynic factors while

the normal female

reverses these figures , not that these proportions actually are true as they are unknown . They are used only to illustrate the idea . There are probably very few people who have the normal gynic and andric factors which a person

theoretically

should have . He inherits his gynic and andric factors from his ancestors and , discounting the individual variations of the ancestors from which he drew these factors , he

still had

50 % female ancestors and 50 % male . We know from the laws of heredity that the individual's chance of drawing his characteristics equally from his immediate parents is very improbable .

There is a theoretic normal and any deviation from it affects the efficiency of body chemistry sooner or later . Sometimes this deviation from the normal gynic - andric ratio is responsible for pathology , as for instance the case of a man who had a backache and digestive trouble for fifteen years . He was only forty years of age yet he admitted he was practically impotent

We eventually found he had too many andric factors and when gynic factors were added in the form of estrin his backache and digestive troubles ceased . Another case , was of a boy who had had X- ray treatment on his foot .

His foot

.

was inflamed

and refused to heal .

It

was thought

DEGENERATION

178

by was

- REGENERATION

of medical men whom he consulted that this probably due to the X- ray burn and that the leg would

a number

have to be amputated . This young man also was impotent but had too many gynic factors and when treated with testosterone in the most minute amounts with a small amount of

rapid and remarkable recovery . Both patients regained potency . These results were incidental to insulin his leg made

a

the correction of calcium - phosphorous

balance .

It

has been very difficult to determine if the patient has the correct proportions of andro - gynic factors . Draper ( 50 ) of the patient's legs and general build as uses configuration an approximate

index

.

There is

a typical male and a typical

female configuration , and when the configuration of one sex approaches that of the other then the person's andro -gynic ratio is considered to be abnormal . We use our graphs to determine these situations .

The first point on our graph gives

us a pretty

fair idea

as to the relative andric and gynic factors of the person measured . The normal female starts at 1.550 . below that she

If

if extra gynic . The normal point male starts at 1.475 . Above this he has extra gynic factors position and if below , extra andric . The of the anteriorhas extra andric qualities

,

above ,

pituitary indication in relationship to the starting point gives an indication of the choice of sex hormone needed . When below the normal position when the template is adjusted to the individual's starting point , andric predominance is indicated , when above gynic predominance

is indicated

.

While the female of normal configuration has a starting point of 1.550 and a male of normal configuration has a starting point of 1.475 , there are people whose graphs require an altered vertical position for the template . This is due to an abnormal ratio between length of arm and length of leg .

DEGENERATION

MALE

179

FEMALE 16

NORMAL ENDOCRINE PATTERN

OF

A MAN

1.550

6543

1.475

- REGENERATION

14

1.220

1.295

13

NORMAL ENDOCRINE PATTERN

1.350

OF AWOMAN

15 14

1.455

12

1.340

43

1.265

1.425

135

1.530

is

16 15

.

.

HYPO POST PIT HYPO ANT PIT .

13

.

6543

14

14 5432

13 12

GYNIC

.

is

is

it

.

is

higher than the normal the patient When the graph gynic When lower than the normal the patient andric

DEGENERATION

180

- REGENERATION

The normal ratio of leg length to arm length in women is 1.750 . The normal ratio of leg length to arm length in men is 1.720 . We have found that when the ratio is less than the normal ratio for that sex the template should be lowered 90 % of the difference . When the ratio is greater , the template should be raised on the graph 90 % of the increase . (This method is still unsatisfactory being only 80 % accurate , but to date we have not found a better answer . )

It

known that the major portion of trunk length

is

is

attained before puberty while the legs grow faster after puberty . Undoubtedly the arm length ratio to leg length reflects this balance or imbalance of growth factors .

There are other people who have longer tion to

arms in proporlegs and vice versa who are perfectly normal and have

had normal growth periods . We find that the graph template should be placed in such a position so that the first position coincides with the measured position for these people .

First , how to decide where the correct position of the graph lies may take some experimental work in a few cases . Usually one may quickly find out if one of the three points , thyroid, posterior pituitary or anterior pituitary is overactive or underactive and then the graph can be placed correctly . Sometimes it is well to give estrin or testosterone for a few days to determine the graph position . Whether or not the next blood test improves or is worse will guide one in placing the graph

.

Andric -gynic proportions of the individual are responsible for much of the personality characteristics of that individual , his physical characteristics and of more importance to the doctor , his tendency to certain types of diseases . modify calcium -phosphorous Andric -gynic proportions proportions and have a decided effect upon the blood sugar

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

181

level of the individual . As a result , much of dental health depends upon this constitutional factor . It does little good to tell a patient that it is her consumption of sugar which is responsible for her dental decay when her blood sugar level is always low thus creating an insatiable desire for sugar . Nor does it do much permanent good to scale teeth and teach the patient how to massage the gums several times a day when the patient has inflamed red gums because of a high phosphorous blood level due to hyper andricity .

Not only

are the basic causes of these oral troubles often the andric and gynic factors but

by balancing

eliminated other diseases of hitherto unknown etiology respond to this same treatment in a most remarkable manner . Some of these by - products of andric - gynic proportions will stated . Here again the by- products bid fair to exceed

be briefly

in

importance

the purpose for which the author uses them .

The first to be taken up is duodenal ulcers , not because it is the first disease in importance but because we have seen so many cases having this type of ulcers who were andric :

In the October 1948 number of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE an editorial states what was known and unknown about duodenal ulcers at that time . In brief , it stated that there was known to be an excess of HCL in such cases , sometimes as much as eight times the normal amount . It stated

of HCL was unknown and that the only treatments for the disease were palliative and not curative . We have found in our cases that this disease is almost entirely limited to andrics and that daily

that the cause of this abnormal production

of minute amounts of estrin are apparently Since andricity is a constitutional characteristic , the estrin must be taken daily . In women this is a lesser amount in childhood and youth but increases gradually as the patient administration curative

.

DEGENERATION

182

- REGENERATION

In the male , it is a very minute amount in childyouth , but increases until after the climacteric , after hood and slowly which it decreases . Since the amount of andricity varies gets older .

with the patient and with the age of the patient , the amount of estrin for each case is best gauged by complete blood tests of which the calcium , phosphorous and sugar levels are the most indicative . Like baldness , ulcers are more predominant in men than in women . Baldness is an andric characteristic as is also the thick neck of such an individual unless he be very thin .

The position of the graph makes diagnosis of andro - gynic balance or imbalance positive and makes unnecessary the guessing from personality and visual physical characteristics which but few are skillful enough to do . well known , many of these ulcer cases later become cancer cases . This is logical because we have noted that both As

is

andricity and excessive excessive graphs of people with cancer .

gynicity

characterize

the

In the last several years we have learned that andric -gynic imbalance is the cause of much pathology , possibly more than any other endocrine disorder . Besides the diseases of the oral tissues due to andric- gynic imbalance , other pathology usually accompanies these disorders .

Much publicity has been given of late to a disease of hitherto unknown origin called Buerger's disease , more popularly known now as The King's disease . Among our patients

we have had several who had been diagnosed by their physicians as having this disease . It is characterized by impaired

circulation of the legs . The cases we have seen were unable to walk more than a few steps at a time when they would have to stand still or sit down awhile before continuing . One such

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

183

of the others in that he was andric . In other they all differed a little in their endocrine patterns .

case was typical respects

This case was of a man 65 years of age diagnosed as having Buerger's by his home physician in New York State and corroborated by two specialists in New York City . He could

walk only a few steps and such exercise was accompanied by great pain . The color of the skin showed impaired circulation , being banded by areas of inflamed , colorless and bluish skin . His pressure was 150/100 . His treatment was decided strictly according to the graph indication and his blood tests . Within

a month he was able to carry

ness where he was on his feet

on his restaurant busi-

all day .

All

these cases responded to biochemical treatment thus leading us to believe that Buerger's is another milestone in

the progress of Biological Medicine .

CHAPTER IV ANTERIOR PITUITARY , THYROID , ADRENAL CORTEX , INSULIN

SUGAR LEVEL

,

I have of seemingly great importance . These conclusions are important for the public - at - large and important as basic principles for those who may become interested in the practice of this specialty of the healing arts . A PIONEER in this field of AsS drawn certain conclusions

applied body chemistry ,

in

importance to the welfare of people is the of the effects of sugar upon the human mechanism . Natural sugar is one of the most important foods . Sixty - eight per cent of our total intake of foods is converted into sugar . It is essential for heat and energy . But the bodily mechanism was built to make its own sugar from carbohydrates , bread , potatoes , and vegetables preferably , or from Foremost understanding

proteins and fats

if

sufficient carbohydrates are not available

.

We must remember that this bodily mechanism has always existed and that today our bodily mechanisms are no different than they were ten thousand years ago . We must remember also that refined sugar has been in use but a com-

-

paratively

short time approximately from one to two hunStill we are led to believe from advertisements and radio announcements that we must have artificial sugar for abundant energy . Unfortunately , the voice against the use of

dred years

.

artificially made sugar is weak . Even many of the medical profession repeat such statements , since many of them have learned no better . There is some excuse for this ignorance , for the effects of sugar are difficult to discern . They are cumulative rather than immediate and the bad effects are so often delayed that it is hard to connect them with the cause

.

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

185

Practically all researchers in the cause of dental decay are agreed that ninety - five per cent of dental caries would be eliminated if the use of sugar were entirely discontinued . By this is meant all refined sugars but not natural sugars such we find in fruits , etc.

as

Why

is sugar so dangerous to human beings ? To underwhy stand this is so , we must know something about the mechanism of the body . As stated previously sugar is probably the greatest essential that the body requires . The largest organ in the body is chiefly for the storage of sugar and one of the most complicated mechanisms of the body is for the metabolism

of sugar . is

.

;

is

,

.

32 %

its

to

be converted into intake The body requires 68 % of glucose for energy and heat The balance composed building replacement of the material needed for material and waste of such proportions the balanced diet composed Our .

.

to

of

of

to

bodies have been built and adapted the balance nature destroy this The big fault all civilizations has been balance of food When we destroy our balance with nature

in

Few realize that all probability this civilization will soon go the way of the others History records .

.

we commit suicide

in

to

-

to

have been twenty one civilizations All the evidence points the probability that this one will be shorter duration than those that have gone before and also that the catastrophe will years

,

of

.

that there are known

the last six thousand

be more universal than ever before since the civilized

world

if

carrying on life on this planet

.

are still capable

of

it ,

.

is

of much greater extent Price states that we are not smart enough to recognize and forestall the aborigines of Australia

in

to

,

.

,

,

If ,

however our brains do not catch up with our meworry chanical ability soon there just will not be much life about We learn more and more about high explosives

DEGENERATION

186

- REGENERATION

guns , rockets and those released

from the atom , nearly all of mainly which are used for destruction . When will we develop point to the when men can live together in peace ? We have learned to ( improve ?) on nature in the foods she furnishes . If we do not like a food (which is nature telling us not to eat

it),

then we season it or disguise it with flavors we do like and eat it anyway . We take the labels from foods we like (chiefly sugar ) and put them on foods we do not like , not knowing,

or on the part of most people , caring what happens to these mechanisms we live in by so doing . As near as I can judge , four generations of sugar eaters is about all that nature will tolerate and the last two are not much good .

The plans of nature are not based on a few years or a generations few or a few thousands of years or even a few

millions of years . Somewhere all of this fits in with the plan . That does not mean that we should lie down and take what comes . The Lord helps those who help themselves . We each have a little bit of say in the great plan . Maybe that is what the Lord is waiting for , for men to awaken , for man to deserve not to be liquidated ; for a civilization to finally arise which will survive , a civilization which will not destroy but achieve . But why single out sugar ? Sugar is what is left when the building material , the vitamins and the minerals have been taken out of certain foods .

It

is not a food .

It

is a chemical

.

It

can be converted

to glucose in the body by one step in the process of digestion for it is a disaccharide while glucose is a monosaccharide . Its use destroys the balance of food ingredients . When we increase the proportion of glucose manufactured from our intake

of food we decrease the proportion of building material , not by the same proportion as we increase the glucose but by more than twice the proportion .

DEGENERATION

It our

is a natural

taste buds

for

instinct sweet .

- REGENERATION to like sugar because

However

,

187

it

satisfies

the taste sweet is only a

label . In nature sweet never appears alone for it always has minerals and vitamins with it . We have no sense of taste for minerals and vitamins but

it is our

need for them that arouses

our desire to satisfy a sweet taste . When we try to satisfy this desire with a chemical product which is purely sweet we merely drive this taste to greater lengths to satisfy itself . Rather refined method of starvation , isn't it ?

a

I

believe sugar to be the most disastrous substance of civilization not only because it is a deficiency food but because its use we impose undue hardship upon the sugarconverting glands . The reason it does so is this . Our bodies.

through

were originally made to manufacture glucose , a simple sugar from natural foods . Our bodies are the same mechanical contrivances that they were one thousand or ten thousand years ago and they are still capable of turning 68 % of our food into glucose , that percentage of our food which must be used for energy and heat . In the process of digestion , carbohydrates , fat, starches , etc. , are converted into glucose so slowly that a supply is made . It is like pouring a bucket of water on the top step of a long flight of stairs . It takes quite a time to collect the water at the bottom step . small but nearly continuous

On the other hand , if we pour the water on the next - to - the - last step it all reaches the bottom step in a hurry .

It is so with sugar , the disaccharide . It has only one step go to before becoming glucose . It then can go immediately into the blood stream . It is essential that our blood streams at all times an adequate amount of sugar and this should be kept within a certain narrow range , neither too high nor too low . contain

DEGENERATION

188

- REGENERATION

To regulate the amount of glucose allowed to stay in the blood a sort of thermostat is built in our bodies . This thermostat or more properly this gluco - stat is composed of sugarconverting and glycogen - converting glands . These glands are stimulated to increased production of their hormones which in turn convert sugar into glycogen , an insoluble sugar which is stored in the liver and muscular tissues . If the sugar level

of the blood

gets too low the glycogen - converting glands are These hormones then convert glycogen into sugar and the blood sugar is increased .

stimulated

.

If day

in

and day out these sugar converting glands overworked , the time comes when they are worn out and efficient . They can no longer control the nutrition of body cells . The cells break down and disease appears .

are inthe

If the

other glands do not have adequate building materials , they also become inefficient .

Health is dependent upon a good diet for the person and good nutrition for the cell . Good cell nutrition requires proper working of the glands . Both are benefited if we follow two rules of diet , 1 , supply everything needful , 2 , omit everything harmful . When we use dark flours instead of white and replace sugar with untampered foods , we automatically increase our vitamin intake . If we take kelp to supply our mineral needs and let our instincts of taste , sweet , sour , bitter , salt determine our selection of food , and appetite the quantity , we will have an adequate diet . Our instincts about food are just as good as those of other animals if we give them a chance .

Did you ever hear of a wild animal dying of diabetes or cancer ? Not unless he was eating man's food . The sugar converting glands are among those that control the calcium levels of the blood , while the glycogen converters are among those that control the phosphorous levels of the

3.8 3.6

9.0

12.6

11.0

9.0 9.0

100

111

117

105

87

100

8-18

10-21

10-21

10-22

10-22

12-26

10.0

109

———

T

4.0

3.6

HOURS

20

HOURS

HOURS

LATERI LATER

DANGER

LATER

HOURS

REGENERATION

4-18

9.0

T T

100

32

SUGAR

8

2.8

OZ

2

3.2

3.2

11

-

1-7

3.6

10.0

100

8-18

10

11.2

4.0

9.5

100

7-25

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

3.8

Ca.

B.S.

P.

Date

DEGENERATION 189

12

4 +

DEGENERATION

190

In health these opposing forces match thus maintainrelatively constant proportion of these two minerals in a

blood

ing

- REGENERATION

.

the blood .

When we eat sugar , we not only disturb the sugar level mechanism of the body but we disturb the calcium

maintaining

and phosphorous ratios as well as is shown by the accompanying chart .

In

this chart we have three blood tests taken at random

upon a normal individual . In each instance though the levels varied within themselves they yet remained in the correct ratio of one of phosphorous to two and one -half of the calcium maintaining a product (obtained from multiplying the usable level of calcium by the usable level of phosphorous ) of better than thirty , the minimum level for immunity to dental decay . The fourth

test was taken two and one - half hours after

of one quarter pound of candy . Here you see the calcium level is up due to the artifically stimulating effect of sugar upon calcium assimilation . The phosphorous the consumption

level has dropped

and since three of phosphorous

can only

little less than eight of calcium , we have about four and one - half of free , excess calcium and a decreased amount of usable calcium , resulting in an insufficient amount of calcium - phosphate salt to maintain sound teeth . The large amount of free calcium is not always entirely excreted and may be deposited somewhere in the body . The disproportion of calcium and phosphorous continued for twenty hours after the ingestion of the candy as shown in later blood tests on this chart . After these tests , balance was once more regained but not before the pendulum had swung the other way . This happens ordinarily from 30 to 36 hours after eating the sugar . utilize

a

What is the result of total discontinuance of sugar ? Do we fail from loss of energy ? Do we become tired and worn

DEGENERATION

out? Does our food become

-REGENERATION

191

tasteless ? Sometimes we have

all

these symptoms , but only for a few days . A readjustment must take place in the body . We have to learn all over again to use our built - in resources .

It

is remarkable

how soon we do this . How soon we feel How soon our tastes recover their

better than we ever did .

sensitivity so that we find flavors in food that we never realized were there . The ledger soon is in the black again and to our astonishment stays there with the figures getting larger

and larger . You know, you cannot hear ordinary conversation in a boiler factory . Neither can you taste ordinary flavors when the strong chemical sugar is making such a din .

If we doped

the gasoline in our cars with ether the engines quickly would start and have increased energy , but since the motor was not made to run on this mixture , in a short time the whole engine would be shot to pieces . We would then have to get a new one . This same principle applies to the human machine where refined sugar is similar in some respects to ether in the engine . Only we cannot buy a new body . According to observations made from our graphs and substantiated by subsequent treatment , at least ninety -five per cent of the patients we see have impaired function of one or more of the sugar metabolizing glands . Why the other five per cent do not have impairments of these glands is hard

to comprehend when one considers the practically consumption

universal

of sugar .

Recently Dr. Otto Meyerhof of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and 1923 Nobel prize winner in medicine (51 ) stated that possibly growth of cancerous tissue might be stopped if biochemists could find a safe way to curb the appetite of tumors for sugar .

DEGENERATION

192

- REGENERATION

Cancers are rapid growing and use up sugar . Perhaps this is why some men are having such good results with the administration of small amounts of insulin in cancer cases . I

do not remember having ever seen a person with cancer who also had a normal sugar metabolism . Also I have known of several cancer cases where the sugar level was normalized by diet and other means and all indications showed greatly improved body chemistry .

An interesting side effect upon the discontinuance of sugar in the diet is the nutritional improvement in other respects . The calories supplied by sugar must be replaced by food of equal caloric value but generally these also contain . Thus the vitamin and mineral intake proportion is increased in as sugar is decreased . Besides this , guiding the instincts of the body which are appetite and taste begin to function once again . We make a better selection of foods , for these senses are just as capable of working for us , if we use natural foods , as are the senses of other animals .

vitamins and minerals

my patients take trace minerals in the form of tablets or tablets of kelp , bone and iron called Minerals ." We know of no better or cheaper source of the

All of

"

of kelp

"trace "

minerals than these tablets . Six tablets daily supply the organic trace minerals equivalent to that found in several pounds of ocean fish . It is impressed upon patients that these tablets are food and that they should take them every day as they take other food . Perhaps , some day under improved conditions of agriculture our vegetables will contain

just

all of these trace minerals , but until then I find it necessary to supplement the diet in this manner . We also supplement the diet with small amounts of natural vitamins because of unavoidable

losses due to storage

and cooking

.

CHAPTER V THE NEED HAS BEEN STATED previously that the calcium phosphorous ITlevels of the blood indicate the amounts of endocrine sub-

needed to augment the patient's own supply to bring to par . Because , until recently , I was the only one using this test for this purpose , I have learned some hitherto unknown principles regarding endocrine diagnosis and dosage stance

it up

in addition to the

effect of sugar upon the endocrine picture

.

Perhaps the most amazing thing to the uninitiated in the practice of bio- chemistry is the fine amounts of endocrine substances we use . There is a very good reason for this . Practically everyone is a prospective patient for the bio - chemist . While the endocrinologist has as patients those people of endocrine abnormalities recognized and referred to him by the physicians , the bio - chemist has the everyday run of patients people who have perhaps been examined many times by phy-

-

sicians and have been pronounced okay so far as the physical findings show . Not being satisfied , these people continue in their efforts to find suitable treatment for they know they are not well . In fact , so many people need bio - chemical adjustment that in all probability the majority of people in civilized communities would be the better for bio - chemical attention .

This includes not only those who have aches and pains , dental decay , or other symptoms of inefficient body chemistry , but nearly everyone else .

In

fact , all of the ordinary run of people need endocrine treatment but in such a minor degree that compared with the obvious endocrine cases the amounts of the hormones needed to supplement their own is most minute . This does not mean that they are so minute that they are not essential . They are

.

DEGENERATION

194

- REGENERATION

if the

patient is to have a normal body chemistry , one such as will protect him from a perpetually hostile environment . essential

The trouble has been that the symptoms of inadequate body chemistry are so late in appearing . In youth the symptoms may be so slight as to defy detection under the present means of examination . However , the symptoms of an inadequate body chemistry progress

as the years

increase in intensity and in number until permanent damage to tissues has

taken place .

An

understanding

of one's own body chemistry is essenprevent tial if we wish to future ills and to enjoy a full and happy life . We are forever looking for an easy cure for this and that disease . Right now a fund is being raised for cancer research ; other funds are being used to find a cure for dental still others for arthritis , ad infinitum . We keep dodging

decay ,

. We do not want to give up anything or change our habits in any way ; we want an easy way . We cannot seem to understand that the easy way is really a simple way . We must

the issue

keep our defenses up to par .

If we

should one day find a drug might to cure cancer or dental caries it be the worst possible thing that could happen to us . For to cure cancer or dental decay without benefiting the body chemistry would be but changing one set of ills for another . We would still be using up our inheritance . Some day we shall stop nibbling at the tentacles of the octupus and attack the heart of the monster . It has to be killed ; not tickled . It is like taking aspirin for

It

a headache .

stops the headache but not the cause .

still another angle . What harm does aspirin or drug some other do elsewhere in the body ? This is the angle which has been so overlooked in the past . We are ready There

to accept

is

a new drug that some

great scientist says

will

do

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

195

wonders for us . It is not entirely the fault of the medical profession that they take to these new drugs without sufficient trial and knowledge . It is hard to resist a clamouring public .

Dynitrophenol

was hailed as a wonder reducing drug . It certainly did reduce weight but many were the cases of cataract which appeared as a result of this drug . It is the same now with the sulpha drugs . Their popularity is beginning to wane

for it is now known that the after effects of their use may be dangerous . Still we apparently never learn for we are quick to see the good of new drugs and do not wait for experience to show us the bad features .

Our

duty is two - fold : re - education of ourselves , and reeducation of our educators . By the process of “ natural selection" only those of higher intelligence will perceive the logic

of this work . Only those with intelligence and perseverance will carry it out . And these few select will have a surviving influence only if they can reverse the trend of modern education . Due to the pressure of mass educational demands , educational institutions

are being forced to breed out original-

ity, the thinking minds , in favor of the memory minds . It is easier to measure and evaluate memory than originality ; one facilitates an immediate decision , the other requires proof through the elements of time and testing .

Within our own time , we can look back and see where individuality and originality had less of a battle for existence in the classroom , society and industry than is true at present . Mass production , mass thought and mass action are the keywords of today . That is well , if the mass is to survive . But is it ? Take five families known to you and trace them back three generations . Three things stand out , increased sterility , fewer children among the fertile , more illness among all . Families of long standing in America and recent comers alike

DEGENERATION

196

- REGENERATION

are petering out and those who do exist would all too often be a disgrace to the physical prowess and mental acumen of their grandfathers .

- what

did you receive through physical inheritance ? How have you treated it ? What are you handing down? So think

Over the past twenty years , the period when I have been evolving this approach to bodily dysfunction I have treated several thousand cases with varying and multiple ills . I do not claim to cure anything but susceptibility to dental

I

nevertheless ,

caries ,

can state that the evidence collected is suffi-

cient to prove : 1. That the calcium -phosphorous blood levels when correctly taken are indices of the chemical efficiency of the body and the effect of glandular extracts .

2.

That

these levels can be changed by two

methods :

(a ) Nutrition . (b) Glandular 3.

That

therapy .

a balance of the calcium - phosphorous

levels increases the ability of the body to fight any disease of whatever kind or origin . 4. That seventy- five per cent chemical efficiency of the body produces immunity to dental decay. To put it in a nutshell , the prevention and correction of dental decay is dependent upon two factors : 1.

2.

The temporary use of endocrine therapy to regulate assimilation .

A permanently

adequate diet which contains all that the body needs and nothing that does not belong there .

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

197

We as dentists have a job to do . We must accept responsibility for systemic correction and treatment as well as local . We must share our knowledge with and cooperate with physicians for the benefit of our patients . We must show the medical world that we are competent in our specialty , that dental decay can be corrected and prevented . It is our job to do it . It is our job to contribute our utmost to the mental and physical efficiency of people . People must become aware that our bodies are old , the heritage of thousands of generations of survival against physical odds , but that our minds

in the understanding of the laws of nature . We change conditions for one beneficial effect without reckoning the cost in other , perhaps unknown aspects . are young

The

dental profession has far more than a clue to the it seizes the causes and prevention of degenerative disease . greatest opportunity it will make the contribution to the welfare of man in the history of the healing professions .

If

I

CHAPTER VI PHYSICAL AND PERSONALITY EFFECTS OF GLANDULAR DYSCRASIAS

W

E HAVE MADE certain observations

and emotional

characteristics

as to

physical

in relation

, mental to endocrine

by the graph made from the patient's Perhaps measurements . the personality characteristics are most by influenced andric -gynic ratios . function

as determined

The gynic or feminine type of individual whether he be male or female is usually a follower not a leader , remembering , of course , that the mental ability of the person modifies these characteristics . The mental ability may be of high enough order to overcome this natural lack of push in the gynic . The gynic person can expect to live several years longer on the average than the andric , for in the gynic the anabolic or buildup glands are in predominance . Gynic women make excellent wives for andric men . The one balances the other and supplies what is lacking in the other during the childbearing age . Their children have a chance to average their parent's gynic and andric factors and have a normal ratio themselves .

If, however ,

each deviates

too far from the normal

andric -gynic balance for his sex , in later years they may not be so compatible when the biologic urge which brought them together has lessened . This is because they are fundamentally a long way apart , with different viewpoints on life and different reactions to their environment . In people having normal

in later life is much less marked as the female gets more andric and the male more gynic . They approach unity in thought and viewpoint . In other words , their lives tend to converge at the climacteric andric -gynic ratios , this difference

while the lives of the extreme gynic and the extreme andric ,

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

199

} } } Cut with shears along dotted line .

The four

faces are intended to be identical .

With the full

page in place each face has a different chin . I think you will agree that the chins make the men . There should be no

difficulty

in the visualization of the rest of the figures

for

each face .

With the chin in place can you not see the pot -belly of number 2 and his bald spot on the very crown of the head ? And can you not see the judge sitting on his bench or the big executive at his desk in number three ? Also in number three can you not see the nearly bald dome above the ears ?

with the fringe just

Can you not see the good figure of athletic number 1, and the spare tire of number 4 ?

This may ments are responsible

give the reader some idea of why the measurea give - away of the endocrine pattern since it is

for the configuration .

200

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

although

they tend to converge , may be so far apart at the start that the convergence may not take place within their lifetimes . The diseases of the gynics are those due to sluggishness such as constipation , swelling of the feet as they get older , etc. They have narrow shoulders and wide hips and as they often get too heavy , these proportions become exaggerated . The extreme gynic is gentle while the andric may be coarse . This , however , is more dependent upon the intelligence .

As Bauer says , femininity or masculinity are not entirely of the sex glands but extend to every cell of the body . The feminine personality is completely different from the masculine personality . However , in many instances these personalities have changed when the patients were given minute doses of the sex hormones in which they were lacking .

Again in this discussion and in the following discussions of the endocrines , we want to emphasize that we are dealing with people like you and me, people that we see every day , not the out - and - out endocrine freak or excessively abnormal which serve as examples for most endocrinologists .

Hypo Function of Thyroid The subnormal thyroid is usually responsible for legs which are too thick just above the ankle . Marco Polo made the observation several centuries ago that the women of a certain province of India had thick ankles and thick necks and attributed it to the drinking water of that region . We find this condition in the United States in the areas known as goiter belts which are mountainous around the Great Lakes .

regions or the area

The hypo thyroid often has horizontal wrinkles on the forehead and a look of strain and fatigue . Some are fat but mostly they are thin . They usually have either tooth decay or

DEGENERATION

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201

pyorrhea depending upon their phosphorous levels . They are always tired but may get much work done by driving themselves . This depends of course upon the rest of the endocrine pattern and upon their andric - gynic balance .

The hyper thyroid has thin legs just above the ankles . The heart is his weak spot . Emotional upsets will produce alterations of the heart action . Angina is not uncommon in the hyper thyroid at the climacteric . Coronary occulsion which occurs in a person with normal diastolic pressure is probably due to emotional stress plus hyper thyroidism . Diarrhea or unformed stools is the rule and because of the tightened in-

trnal

, hemorrhoids are apt to result . The hyper apt mentally to be unstable . He would not alert but roid is make a good judge . He does have fits of genius and many of

/

sphincter

our artists are of this type . As he gets older his hairline recedes over each eye . He usually retains the pigment in hair until an advanced age unless heredity or malnutrition interfere . Unless the hyperthyroidism is extreme , the basic metabolic rate is not raised and may be low . An increased metabolic rate is more apt to be due to a toxic thyroid than to a hyper thyroid . At the climacteric , hyper thyroid women are apt to have flushes due to vasomotor instability

.

The posterior pituitary and adrenal cortex though usually on the same side of the autonomic system are opposed to each other . When the posterior pituitary is weak , the adrenal cortex is often strong and when the posterior pituitary is strong , the adrenal cortex is weak .

The chief function of the posterior pituitary is water . It is said that if all the liquid which is transferred from the blood into Bowman's capsules at the head of the kidney tubules were excreted , one would balance and water conservation

DEGENERATION

202

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urinate about a barrel of water a day and , of course , would have to drink that much . The posterior pituitary in some manner controls the gravity of the urine by reclaiming water from the tubules and putting it back into the blood . The gravity of the urine should be 1.022 when the posterior pituitary is working efficiently . When it is not , the gravity may be 1.011

or

as

low

as 1.002

in extreme

cases .

Extreme cases of impaired function of the posterior pituitary result in diabetes insipidis and the sugar metabolism becomes impaired also . There are many cases of impaired function of the posterior pituitary, which go unrecognized . Much of the so - called essential hypertension is the result of imbalance of the posterior pituitary and adrenal cortex . These cases usually have either a lower specific gravity than 1.022 or a higher one sometimes ranging as high as 1.035 and even more .

When the posterior pituitary is strong and the adrenal cortex weak , the result is Addison's disease . This can be improved by increasing the salt intake . The calcium - phosphorous levels are also disturbed by posterior pituitary malfunction . Many of the cataract cases are chiefly due to lessened function of the posterior pituitary .

In men a deficient posterior pituitary is responsible for baldness at the crown of the head , for the full , rounded double chin and for the potbelly which often goes with this chin . In women , baldness is less common but the waistline often looks as if a tight string were being used for a belt . The doublecurved hip is also a posterior pituitary stigma . This is so general that most women have double - curved hips and thighs since deficiencies in this gland are often due to the eating of sugar over a period of years . When having their pictures taken , such women pose so as to throw into prominence one hip , thus

DEGENERATION

Date 4-22-49 4-26-49

Ca. P.

B.S.

100 9.6

2.66 .

100 9.4 2.66

5-3

95

10.4 2.5

5-17

100

10.2 3.1

1

- REGENERATION

2 3 4 5 6 7 FATHER AGE 75

NO SUGAR

SON AGE 37

4-26

100 10.8 3.55

NO SUGAR

5-3

100 10.4 3.8

5-17

100

3.9

15

11 12 SED. PH74 14 %

4% 74 4%

7.35

VOTES .

100 9.6 3.07

10

758%

12RU .

4-22-49

11.0

8 9

203

7.5 12% 7.4 10%

RU .

7.414 %

IORU .

7.5 16%

The graph of the father shows him to be andric but because of his 75 years when he was given 2 ru of estrin his phosphorus level diminished . On the contrary his son's phosphorus level improved upon the administration of estrin . He is also andric

but is 37 years of age .

16

FATHER

15 14 13C

16

543

ANDRIC

13 125

15 14 432

432

14

SON

6543

15 14 13

13 125

ANDRIC

DEGENERATION

204

- REGENERATION

eliminating the double curve . The enlarged calf midway between ankle and knee is also an indication of this deficiency . Posterior pituitary deficiencies are responsible in my opinion for some of the hypertension , some of the cataract , much of the dental decay and a good deal of the tendency toward spontaneous abortion . Habitual drinking , pyorrhea , and other forms of arthritis also can often be traced to this deficiency

.

Adrenal cortex deficiency sometimes results in a darkened skin as if the individual were permanently tanned . Sometimes tumors or cysts about the size of a walnut are found on the arms , particularly at the tip of the elbow . The anterior pituitary or king gland can have lessened function , hyper function and in all probability toxic function . This latter condition probably occurs only in those glands first having hyper function .

A

marked

lessened

circumferential

measurement

about

four inches below the knee characterizes hyper anterior function . In men in which this is most common , hyper function gives them great drive . If combined with intelligence , these

men run the affairs of the world . They are usually lean and lose their hair from the forward and top parts of the head . This is because this gland is frequently responsible for the

hyper andricity of the owner .

Hyper anteriors give a history of duodenal ulcer , cancer , heart trouble or diabetes in their family trees . Unless corrected , this hyper anterior pituitary can be expected to produce the same pathology in the person as existed in his forbear with the same endocrine situation . Many of these people die at the climacteric of coronary occlusion , right at the time of their

DEGENERATION

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205

greatest value to mankind . This will continue until it is recognized by the profession that such an outcome is avoidable . Such occurrences are possibly the greatest of tragedies result-

ing from

a

pathology

.

lack of knowledge of

a person's predisposition

to

The Isles of Langerhans of the pancreas produce insulin which is the opponent of both the thyroid and anterior pituitary . It too can be hypo or hyper in function . Its main effect is in the control of sugar metabolism . It also has to do with the healing processes of the body , in what way however is unknown . I know of no way in which to recognize physical stigmata resulting from malfunction of this gland . Nor do I know when its subfunction results directly from its own deficiency or from too strong thyroid or anterior pituitary function . It is recognized by some authorities that diabetes mellitus is more often due to overactivity of the anterior pituitary than any other cause

.

hypo anterior pituitary is usually a fat person because he eats a great deal of food . He does this because the anterior pituitary gland is a glycogen converter . When it is weak in function the sugar is almost continually below 100 mg .

The

as a result he feels weak and possibly hungry. To overcome this feeling he needs food at frequent intervals from which to make blood sugar . Since this means more food for

and

purposes other than sugar production than he needs , he must perforce store it in the form of fat and glycogen . Hence the overweight .

The weight of these people is carried high . It usually four inches below the knee and gets progressively greater toward the head . The waist line is proportionately great . They often have the body build of a well - fed robin .

starts at about

DEGENERATION

206

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They are particularly immune to disease except those conditions arising from obesity itself . They usually have a wellrounded dental arch and very good teeth . reduce such people physiologically , anterior pituitary extract can be given by mouth after first having ascertained what the patient's normal blood sugar level is when eating no

To

sugar or foods containing sugar . Anterior pituitary substance is then given in very gradually increasing amounts until the sugar level of the blood is 100 mg per 100 cc of blood . One must be sure to check at intervals , for a permanent diabetes can be established by giving too much anterior substance over a period of time . cases which have only a single glandular deThese cases are relatively simple to treat . However

There are ficiency

.

most cases are multiglandular .

When the graph lines are parallel to the normal graph lines but high , the person is a gynic . When parallel to the normal but below , the person is andric . The treatment of the first is the male hormone

In

other respects

;

of the second the female hormone

the glandular patterns

.

are normal .

The first point or starting point of the graph is often the correct starting point of the template graph but sometimes not . At times a point will have to be taken on the graph which

if

read from one possible position will be in hypo function and from another in hyper function . Treatment for one of these conditions will tell within a few days whether the guess was correct or the reverse . It will , however , then establish with

little doubt the correct position for the overlaid template . hypo thyroid and a hypo anterior pituitary often appear the same person . These are the people who most often get

A

in

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

16 15

14 13

15

14

HYPER THYROID and ANDRIC

32

ANDRIC 16

6543

14 13

,

HYPO THYROID POST and ANT 15

14 5432

13

207

DEGENERATION

208

- REGENERATION

large doses of thyroid for reducing purposes from their physician to no avail . The treatment should be of the anterior

pituitary . The thyroid will then need very little supplementation or none at all , for the thyroid is to a great extent controlled by the anterior pituitary . The hyper thyroid and hypo pituitary

is very common people very also . These have small ankles and are large at hips the and above . Women of this type have huge breasts and upper arms as a rule . Much of the unfavorable conditions which would ordinarily be produced by the individual glandu-

lar dysfunction is in are involved

in

a measure neutralized when both glands opposite manners .

Many times both the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary glands are in hypo function . In such cases it is seldom that whole pituitary substance can be used alone for the disability of each gland usually differs in degree . These people having hypo function of both pituitary glands have what appears in shape to be a semi - inflated

tire around their

middles . It is known as the pituitary girdle . This is the chief reason why many women wear corsets .

CHAPTER VII OFFICE PROCEDURE of the specialty of Preventive Dental practice it is our to inquire of the new patient why he comes here . We explain that although a dentist , we do no operative work , that we specialize in the prevention of ECAUSE OF THE NEWNESS

BECAUS

Medicine ,

dental ills by systemic treatment . We also legend in the reception room telling all who our work is of this nature .

have a framed read it that

will

In spite of all this , some people come because they have heard of arthritis being cured or some other such disease not in the province of a dentist . These people are referred to their physicians . Some people are referred to me by their physicians to institute body chemistry treatment while the physician tends to the disease . This is as it should be for the patient then gets service from both the standpoint of increasing his ability to fight and from the standpoint of fighting the bacterial

invaders

.

Of course , a good many of our patients come from fellow dentists who prefer to delegate this portion of the treatment to the specialist . In doing this work , it has always been my fear that the patient would come to me when he really should first go to a physician . I was fearful that some physical condition needing attention might be neglected by the patient believing that I might help him in these other than dental conditions by the dental treatment .

cover such possibilities I had a physician examine my patients . This was done at my expense so that each of there could be no objection from the patient .

To

DEGENERATION

210

- REGENERATION

This worked well as long as the physician was with me but he found it advisable to discontinue this practice because of pressure put on him by some of his medical brothers .

in

order to protect the patient , we started diagnoses of the blood in addition to sugar , cell volume , sedimentation , etc. calcium -phosphorous , only These tests not enabled us to detect evidences of disease Therefore

,

doing full differential

and send the patient where he would best be served , but became so valuable to us in our work that these tests have gradually increased in number until we do at the present time about twenty - five tests on the blood and urine .

When a patient has both dental and systemic ills , we do not send him to a physician unless the general ills are due to

infection or a disease of bacterial origin . This is ascertained from the blood test . We do not send him until systemic

the dental ills have been eliminated for these may be the cause of the general illbeing and sometimes the causes of the dental ills and the general ills may be identical . If clearing

up the dental ills eliminates also

the patient is to be congratulated

those

in the medical field ,

.

Not only do these tests help in diagnosis but also serve as additional arrows pointing out the results of treatment . These additional tests have helped us to cut treatment time to about one - third of what it was a few years ago . After being sure that the patient is in the right place his blood pressure is taken , his teeth are looked at , X- rays taken if indicated , ten cc of blood drawn for analysis and his measurements taken .

He is then dismissed with instructions

to return

at

a

the future and to bring specimens of urine at that time of the night before and morning of engagement .

certain time about five days

in

DEGENERATION

In

- REGENERATION

211

time he is to read " DegenerationRegeneration , " as his future well being depends as much or more upon what he learns to do for himself as it does upon

I

what

the intervening

do for him .

to eat no sugar or sugar containing

He is instructed

foods

no milk for at least three days prior to the second blood test . It is usually better if he limits himself to meat , fish , eggs , cereals and vegetables both raw and cooked . Sometimes , if the first test shows a high sugar level , the diet

or drinks

;

no coffee

,

limited still more to meat , fish , eggs and raw vegetables only. We call the diet for this the second blood test the basic is

diet .

At the time of the second appearance of the patient he has a fair understanding of the problems involved in his care and is really interested in what we found from his blood test and measurements . These are explained to him . It is explained that the first blood test indicates the general condition which made him a patient . The second will show the true condition minus the effect of sugar and the difference between the sugar levels of the bloods will indicate to a degree his sugar tolerance Treatment is

.

with an endocrine

substance

is started

if there

If there is none , education is all the This he has to a degree from reading the advisability of checkups every six months is

indication in the graph of its need .

none is given . patient needs . book

.

The

In

and the satisfactory .

stressed

such a case , dietary

patient

is dismissed

if the blood

test is

When endocrine treatment is indicated , often the first thing to be attained is andro - gynic balance . This may take one or more visits and blood tests to do this and to determine the correct amounts of estrin or testosterone which the patient

212

DEGENERATION

16 15 6543

14 13

HYPER THYROID 15 14 5432

13 12

16 15 6543

14 13

ANDRIC 5432

13

12

.

.

HYPO POST PIT HYPERANT PIT

.

14

- REGENERATION

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION needs .

213

After this balance has been attained , the balance of

the endocrine pattern is evaluated as to the efficiency of the various glands . The treatment time may be as little as two weeks or as long as three months . The average patient is through in about one month and requires four or five blood tests .

Invariably the patient fails to understand why he must have no fruit juices to drink yet he may eat fresh fruit . The answer is in the book but not in so many words . The whole

theme of this book and of the first one , " Young Minds With Old Bodies " is that our bodies know much more about our than do our minds . When we use our minds enough to realize that we know very little about diet and the physiological processes of the body and also realize that our senses of taste , odor, appetite and thirst , if given natural foods to care

work upon, book

will

are practically

infallible , then the

have been learned

lessons

of this

.

There is a thirst center in the brain . It was put there for the purpose of telling us when to drink and how much to drink . In man as in all animals it was intended to be used on water , not fruit juice , coffee , milk , pop , beer or anything but water . When we eat a food we use the hunger center which tells us when to eat , what to eat , and how much to eat . When we drink a food such as orange juice we confuse our gauges . We will drink as long as we are thirsty , whereas if we ate the food , we would not eat an orange if it were given to us for our hunger center might say to us , “ I am not hungry for an orange . " At such times it is probable that our urine is already too alkaline and our bodies know enough to protect us from making it still more alkaline .

DEGENERATION

214

- REGENERATION

Ten per cent of the juice of almost any fruit is sugar . We can get far too much when we drink juices so that our blood sugar levels are disturbed but when we eat the fruit according to our needs as registered in the hunger center , the blood sugar levels are practically never disturbed .

I

say “ practically never " for in some patients we find through the blood tests that the carbohydrate mechanism of the body is so impaired that it is often advisable to put them

on a protein and fat diet with only to supply the carbohydrates

a fresh ,

raw vegetable salad

.

Read Steffanson's " Not By Bread Alone " to better under stand the advantages and adequacy of a meat diet .

CHAPTER VIII

-

ENDOCRINE TYPES AND DISEASE TYPES DOSAGE — OF ENDOCRINE SUBSTANCES DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT FOR CORRECTION OF ANDRIC - GYNIC IMBALANCE NE OF THE MOST exciting vistas opened up by graphing endocrine pattern has been the marked relationship between a certain class of diseases and the hyper - anterior

ONE the

pituitary indication . These cases , duodenal

diseases in the main are heart ulcer cases , cancer , allergies and diabetes .

The incidence of these five diseases in hyper - anterior pituitary indication has been so frequent that we have learned to expect a history of one of them , either in the patient's history or that of his immediate forebears .

In recent years from time to time reports of other investigators add a piece here and a piece there until now , the picture seems almost complete .

,

its

It ,

.

.

its

The first and basic finding of cancer researchers is that a cancer cell is but a normal cell which has not stopped growing. It runs wild , so to speak , and there is no authority growth companion cells grow exercised over and Eventually some become detached from the main and grow

.

it

,

spread

to

to

has begun

It of

is

to

it

if

spread

or

begins

to

is

of

in

.

.

to

of

mass cells and travel other places This called extension by metastasis These displaced cells are capable growing and generating new cancer cells the new site the aim the cancer surgeon catch the cancer before

remove the

cancer and the surrounding lymph nodes which may have .

blocked the traveling cells

DEGENERATION

216

- REGENERATION

Another finding is that the anterior pituitary produces several hormones , one of which is the growth hormone . When it is working as it should , the growth of all cells of the body is controlled . This is a most marvelous performance . We grow in stature until we become the height we were intended to attain and then we stop growing. Our teeth grow to a certain length and erupt at certain ages . The roots of the deciduous teeth begin to absorb at a certain age and are lost at a certain age . Our nails continue to grow in length but

not in breadth because we need length as we wear them off . Our skin needs a continuous growth because it is exposed to wear from friction . In some locations as on the bottoms

of our

feet or the palms of our hands the growth is greater the need is greater . All of this and much more are all controlled by the most minute amounts of a chemical substance that one can imagine . No wonder the hormones because

are

considered

known

the

most

powerful

chemical

substances

!

But alas , at times all is not well with the anterior - pituitary growth hormone . The teeth erupt slowly or fast or at wrong intervals . The growth of the jaw is not timed properly to the growth and eruption teeth ) result .

of the teeth and malocclusions

(crooked

Possibly the boy forgets to stop growing and a giant develops . We have more pituitary giants than we realize . We brag about the increased size of our children over that of

their parents and grandparents , when actually maybe we should cry . When any animal is headed for extinction , nature first makes him big, then the fall is harder . After the long bones stop growing

in height is

possible so

if the

, no further increase growth hormone should decide

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

217

to go haywire after that time , it has to expend its influence

in

some other direction

.

The unimaginative type of scientist says that it has never been proven that the pituitary produces other than a normal every day secretion . It is true . No one has ever analyzed a toxic secretion . However , we know much more about the thyroid than we do the pituitary . We know that it gets larger in some people , particularly in goitrous regions . We know that there is such a thing as a toxic goiter and that toxic symptoms throughout the body disappear upon removal of the toxic tissue .

There is no reason to suppose that all glands cannot have degrees of efficiency and varying states of health . We think we know something about the causes of thyroid troubles . We have decided that since they are found chiefly in regions having no iodine in the drinking water , that iodine is the missing ingredient which the thyroid needs . It has lately been discovered that this same iodine is found in all varying

the glands . In addition , we have found that the glands take to themselves various other trace minerals . In fact , we can obtain the trace minerals from animal food chiefly by eating the glands . glands seem to be the recipients of the vitamins we for practically the only vitamins we get from animal

The

eat too , food , other than B¹ , are from the glandular tissues

.

Now considering this , it does not take an Einstein to realize , our eating habits being what they are , that there could be deficiencies in some very vital elements in the foods we eat, and that those structures which depend upon them for their health and for the raw materials of their hormones might suffer

as a consequence .

DEGENERATION

218

- REGENERATION

So let us accept tentatively that the growth hormone of pituitary may become toxic and therefore incapable of the doing its job efficiently .

There are certain treatments for some types of cancer which have proved to be beneficial . Of these the use of small amounts of insulin have been by Doctor Beale of Sandwich , Mass . , by and the author in cases of skin cancer . Doctor Beale uses two or three units of insulin once or twice per week and has records of improved and healed cases extending back ten or more years . The author has used daily injections of insulin in minute amounts for a lesser period of time with success . The amounts of insulin used in each case were determined by calcium -phosphorous and sugar tests of the blood . More proved to be beneficial

recently he has learned to use adrenal cortex for the same purpose or combinations of adrenal cortex and insulin depending upon the indication as determined phosphorous tests , sugar tests and the graph .

The author

has

also

by calcium-

been using the sex hormones

in

minute amounts for their inhibitory effect upon the anteriorpituitary . The character of the sex hormone is determined

by the graph and by the results obtained both by laboratory and clinical tests . Recently Huggins of Chicago has reported in the AMERICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL upon the case of orchidectomy or castration in the treatment of prostatic cancer . He and others have had remarkable success by this operation . He also reports upon the use of estrogens for the pose . Both have been found to be effective .

same pur-

therapy of cancer of the prostate demonstrates that a chemical change in the internal environment of the host has brought about a long-

He

states that , " the antiandrogenic

continuing regression of

a malignant

neo - plastic process . "

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

219

This fits in with our experience , for we have found that the andric male seems to be the only type which develops prostatic cancer . Orchidectomy or the use of estrogens would tend to restore andric - gynic balance or to throw the patient over into gynic preponderance

.

We have used the sex hormones to inhibit the anteriorpituitary either alone or in combination with the other hormones mentioned

With

.

the new tools at our command there should be no

limitation to the treatment of prostatic cancer alone . like the beginning of the last round for cancer .

It

looks

We know that cancer can be produced in animals by repeated injections in a local area of several chemical substances , mostly coal tar products . There are two ways at least that seem to explain how this can be done . First by direct action of the chemical on the cells and second , by nullifying or changing the character of the growth hormone in that area .

The pertinent point is that altered chemistry of the locality produces the pathology . When these various findings and theories are put together a working hypothesis of the cause and treatment of cancer is evolved .

It is this : Cancer may be caused by abnormal chemical regulation or lack of regulation of the growth processes of otherwise normal cells . The abnormal regulation is most often caused by an abnormal growth hormone from a toxic anterior -pituitary .

The logical treatment therefore is to remove the factors which caused the illness of the anterior -pituitary and to quiet

DEGENERATION

220

- REGENERATION

the gland and inhibit its toxic secretion . This should be done by correcting the diet and simultaneously inhibiting the production of its toxic secretion . This latter is done by the use

of insulin or adrenal cortex hormone (whichever the indication ) and by the daily use of the sex hormone indicated by andric -gynic balance . The indications for the selection of these hormones is determined from the graph

As we remarked hyper - anterior

at the

indication

beginning

seems

.

of this chapter , the

to breed other pathology

as

When these other syndromes occur rather than cancer , it is supposed that other factors of the anteriorpituitary secretion are affected rather than the growth hormone . It may be that a simple excess of anterior - pituitary well

as

cancer .

secretion is the causative factor , while with cancer it may be a toxic secretion .

to be borne out particularly in some cases of diabetes mellitis . The use of insulin in amounts far greater than the amounts normally produced by the Isles of Langerhans would seem to be effective by its inhibitory effect upon the anterior - pituitary . If insulin were used in replacing a This

seems

depleted or absent amount of the secretion of the pancreas , then it is hard to understand why more than the amount normally produced by this gland should be used . The information we have as to the amounts produced normally indicates that

it

is between

15

and 20 units daily

times many times this amount level in check .

are

We have been able in some

(52 ) , yet someused to hold the sugar

cases

of diabetes to reduce

the amounts of insulin needed to hold the sugar level down by also supplying those other hormones as indicated by the graph . Not only this but some cases have been able to get

.

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

221

along without insulin at all when the deficiencies of other endocrines were corrected . In other cases there has been a gradual diminution of the insulin requirement of the persons involved as their body chemistry improved . We have found that diabetes mellitis is more often due to overactive anterior-

pituitary than to pancreatic deficiency

It

that diabetes means impairhence an impairment

must not be overlooked

ment of the whole

.

system

endocrine

of the quality of assimilation

which the endocrines control . and Schreier believe that diabetes mellitis represents in the vast majority of patients impairment of hepatic response to endogenous insulin and this results from protracted

"Beskind

vitamin B complex deficiency

. Thus the concept of insulin resistance may be extended to include most patients with diabetes . Among 94 diabetic patients studied , everyone showed

signs and symptoms

of deficiency of factors of the B Complex . and persistent oral or oral and parenteral therapy with vitamin B complex led to striking improvement in general health and often to great improvement in carbohydrate

Intensive

metabolism , frequently with reduction in insulin requirement or its elimination altogether . " ( 53 )

The role of infection ·

in diabetes

needs

to be stressed

.

to be one of the antagonists of infection . As stated elsewhere in this book , it can be used to ward off a cold . It is used routinely by those who know, to turn the tide

Insulin

seems

cases of acute infection . Knowing this , it is reasonable to deduce that insulin need is great in the presence of chronic infection , so great that in some instances there is little or none

in

left for carbohydrate regulation

.

We use the female sex hormone , estrin , in cases complicated by duodenal ulcer and heart ailments , to inhibit the

DEGENERATION

222

- REGENERATION

anterior - pituitary and to restore andric - gynic balance , for these cases seem all to be hyper - andric . The amounts necessary are exceedingly small . We have had to make our own tablets from those furnished by the various manufacturers so that we could give the exact daily amount needed by the indi-

vidual to gain and keep his andric -gynic balance . The smallest tablet we can procure is one - tenth miligram . This contains 1200 rat units of a - estradiol . We make tablets as low as one rat unit . Between three and ten rat units daily seems to be the difference between danger and safety for the male patient .

containing

These patients are all hustlers . They have usually made in the business or professional world . Their andric qualities have given them drive up until the age of the

good

. Then they are stricken . So many die between the forty - nine and fifty - four , some even earlier and some of they later . If survive the first blow whether it be angina pectoris , heart block , occlusion or thrombosis , their chances of living are still good if the cause is corrected .

climacteric ages

so many are struck without warning . Some even have pronounced been in good physical condition just prior to their heart attack . When the endocrine patterns of people are known to their doctors , many lives will be saved . People do

But

not have to have even the first attack .

This brings up the subject of the male climacteric . If they live long enough , all males go through the climacteric . It is exactly like the menopause in women except that there is no menstruation to cease . But the glandular rearrangement comes

just the

same .

In a healthy male with a correct endocrine pattern this change is so gradual that it is just normal ageing , but in others

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

223

with over - active anterior -pituitaries especially , the change is far from placid . It is more like the tempests that rage during the hurricane season . The person going through the climacteric realizes something is wrong with him both physically and mentally . He is emotionally unstable . In his lucid moments he wonders if he is quite right . He is seized with fits of elation and depression . His wife may divorce him . Lucky is the man who

has a wife who

the devil

If

will stand by him while he is

beset by

she happens to be going through

the climacteric at the same time , there is no peace and quiet . This is an excellent reason for there being a difference in ages of married couples . .

And the worst of it is that it

it

may be ten . of forty and sixty .

years ,

It

lasts so

long.

It

may be two

takes place usually between the ages

CHAPTER IX CASE HISTORIES CASES graphed together of the father , mother , and are pretty well explained in the following letter from the father sent to me several months after the family had been patients :

HE THREE THE daughter

Letter from Mr.

R to

Dr. P.

Dear Sir :

I

wish to take this opportunity to thank you for the wonderful results we have received in our family through your suggestions and advice . My wife has been ailing for over thirty years and we have spent thou-

sands of dollars with many doctors and with no apparent results . She has suffered untold agony and pain and was very despondent when we finally came to you . She is now completely normal in health in every way, has a better mental attitude , is stronger physically , has much better appetite and her general health has improved 100% . In fact , she feels better now than at personally have had the same experiany time in the past thirty years . ence . suffered with duodenal ulcers for over seventeen years and have consumed hundreds of bottles of pills and alkalizers , etc. Now since coming to you , within the last sixty days I feel better than I have ever felt in that anybody else does , work hard and eat everything a long time .

I

I

feel good .

In the

lous .

I

case of my daughter , your methods

have proved almost

miracu-

After studying in the local hospital nursing school for 21/2 years , she was finally discharged and pronounced a schizophrenic . She has received shock treatments at Hospital at various times and caused me and my wife untold agony , suffering and anxiety over a period of four years and hospital bills and doctor bills over $5000 and all this was to no avail . When we came to you she was as bad as ever . After being in your care for sixty days she became perfectly normal in mind and body , got a job , is self - supporting and has had no reoccurence for which we humbly wish to thank you from the bottom of our hearts . Sincerely yours,

J. A. R.

The daughter was placed in a private institution at orders of her physician who asked me to institute biochemical treatment . She was given testosterone because of her graph and

DEGENERATION

9.6

MAN 1.720

16.5 16

6.4

1.500

9.6

15 14

7.9

1.090 8.6

13

9.9

1.23712.25

10.8

1.155

12.5

10.25 1.394 14.3

8.0

- REGENERATION

AGE 55

9.7 1.724 16.7 6.4

1.485

9.5

7.6

1.146

8.7

9.7 1.309 12.7

15 14 13 32 12

10.6 1.195 12.65 10.5 1.352 14.2

WIFE 1.813

225

14.5

8.0

1.811

14.5

5.85

1.590

9.3

16

5.9

1.629 9.6

7.45 1.394 10.3

9.0

1.611

9.7

14.5

15 114 13

AGE 47

7.15 1.470 10.5

8.85

1.642

1.366 13.25 14

9.5

1.351 12.85

9.5

1.550 14.7 12

9.5

1.491

14.2

8.7

1.765

8.6

1.745

15.0

15 131

DAUGHTER 15.3 16

5.85

1.675

9.8

8.45

1.410

11.9 13

10.6 1.545 16.4

15 114

151

AGE 24

14.55

5.8 1.670 9.7

8.0

1.490 11.9

9.8 1.655 16.2

11.05 1.470 16.2514

10.3 1.505 15.5

10.5

10.05 1.640

1.637

17.2

13 12

16.5

DEGENERATION

226

-REGENERATION

orders were left that she have nothing sweet . Her blood tests were very good and she seemed as rational as anyone . While in the institution , her father phoned me that he had visited her and found her mentally unbalanced again .

It came to light that one of the nurses , a girl of about the patient's age had taken the girl to a movie and afterward had invited her to have a chocolate malted milk . This had undoubtedly

It

set

off the fireworks

.

again that the girl could not have anysweet as she was allergic to it . Also the situation was explained to the girl who asked why she had not been informed about sugar herself . She said that she would not eat it any

thing

was explained

more , which promise she has kept and is now working and paying back what her father had spent on her .

You will note that the father is an andric and gives a history of duodenal ulcers . He had lost some teeth through pyorrhea and had gingivitis when he came to me . His final treatment was a single tablet of estrin of 5 RU strength which he must take daily until he is about seventy years of age , at about which time his andricity will lessen .

The mother has an underactive posterior - pituitary gland as the major difficulty with slight hypo - thyroidism and overactive anterior - pituitary gland . Her treatment , as finally worked out, is 1/50 gr . thyroid , 1/200 gr . posterior - pituitary and a tablet of 3 RU strength of estrin daily . The daughter

takes

1/10 gr . of testosterone daily

.

We have mentioned that nearly all of the graphs we have made of people over 80 years of age are just about perfect . This one is of a woman 92 years of age . The devia-

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

Date

B.S.

Ca.

P.

1

2 3 4 5 6

7

227

8 9

10

11 12

4-11-49

100 9.4 3.8

ph.7.4

4-20 5-3

100 11.4 3.8

H.7.4

100 10.0 3.9

PH.75

5-10

100 10.4 3.9

Ph.7.4

6,300

5,650

5,550

2 0

2

2

0

1

66

66

65

66 Color Index .9

4 2

4

3

Juveniles

1

2

Myelocytes

0

0

0

4 Vol . Index 1. 2 Platelets 220 M 0 Sed . rate

30 Lymphocytes 4,300,000 Red cells Cell . Vol . 36.7 %

30

30

4,430,000

4,540,000

40 %

40 %

White cells Eosinophiles Basophiles Neutrophiles Stab or band

1.846 9.3

30 10 % 4,580,000

1.634 10.15 15

6.2

1.419

8.8

1.485 11.3

8.35 1439 12.0

24 %

37.5 % 18 %

AGE 92

6.2

9.

1 Hematocrit 94

Left

Right 17.2 16

7.6

6,150 Urine ph 6 2 1.020 - 1.022

EDEMA

6.0

1.665 10.6

6.3

1.475

114 13

15 14 13

1.641 14.8 12

EDEMA

9.3

7.55

EDEMA 11.7 1.550

8.5

1.424 12.1

9.25

1.576

14.6

DEGENERATION

228

tion from perfect failing heart .

is due

to

-REGENERATION some

edema ,

in

turn due to a

She is one of nature's favored few who has never liked sugar or sweet things other than natural

fruit . As

a

child

and never ate candy . She is still enjoys living . She still has most of

she would refuse ice cream active and thoroughly her teeth .

chart shows the way the calciumgraphed levels are for easy reading , the differgraphed ential and the measurements . The broken lines represent the normal graph which in this case starts at 1.635 instead

The accompanying

phosphorous

of 1.550 due to the increased length of the leg to the arm .

The eight year old boy

was

in proportion

sent to me by his doctor .

Two years previously he was operated for malignant tumor of the brain . This was followed by deep X- ray therapy . He instability of gait and vomiting . No hope was held out for him as he already had exceeded his prognosis of one more year of life . had headaches

,

Only three full bloods have been taken in addition to one blood sugar . The calcium - phosphorous levels have improved remarkably , the headaches and vomiting have stopped , he does well in school and is very active and normal in actions .

He also is growing rapidly . The parents normal and very full of life .

state

that he seems

His treatment was no sugar , fruit juices or white flour , two units of insulin daily and 1/4 RU of estrin . This was

DEGENERATION

Date

B.S. Ca.

1-27-49 89

2-1-49

P.

10.2 5.0

1 2

- REGENERATION

34 5

6 7

8

229

9

10 11

H

117

2-11-49 100

10.0

4.2

2-25-49 100

10.2

3.8

SON AGE

8 MEDULOBLASTOMA CALCIUM

PHOSPHORUS

T

GRANDFATHER 59 14 136

16

FATHER 39 DAILY HEADACHES

,

DIABETES

NORMAL GRAPH

15 14 13 12

15 14) 13

5432

15 14 13 12

RIGHT

MEDULOBLASTOMA AGE 16 15 114 13

15 14 13 12

8

543

16 15

LEFT

12

230

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

done because he shows a hyper - anterior pituitary and is undoubtedly andric because his grandfather , his father and his mother are andric . A child normally has a gynic graph as compared to an adult . As he gets older , the graph descends to a more andric position . This child shows andricity even at 8 years of age . One could expect a graph as andric as his grandfather's or worse as he became older . Only a little estrin is required in children.

CHAPTER X THE ROLE OF INFECTION E HAVE

WEbody

DISCUSSED

elsewhere

in

this

book the role that

chemistry plays in overcoming infection ; how an efficient body chemistry is the best defense against the invasion of bacteria . We are surrounded with bacteria every

moment of our lives yet we ordinarily defeat them without knowing that we are doing it . It is only when our chemistry drops to such a low point that bacteria are temporarily able to invade our tissues that we become sick . Conversely , if we get well it is because our defensive forces are stimulated to put forth greater effort and to marshal forces to the site of invasion to overcome the hostile invaders by force of numbers

To

.

of bacterial invaders it is happens to a dead body , a to remember what body without defensive powers ; a body with zero body chemistry . Within a short time it becomes a putrid mass . The bacteria have it all their own way . only

illustrate

the prevalence

necessary

But what about foci of infection

?

That is

a horse

of

another color ! A focus of infection is a locality within the body where bacteria become established because the defensive powers of our bodies are unable to attack them . This is due generally to lack of transportation . The blood supply to the locality may be weak or totally absent , or the character of the tissue may be such that the locus is surrounded by almost impenetrable the bacteria .

jungle , making the position

We have such conditions

a strong one

in and around devital

for

teeth .

Dentists are still taught in some of our schools to devitalize

232

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

teeth or to treat dead teeth to save them . To my mind , this is a deplorable situation and only serves to show how some dentists lay too much stress on mechanical efficiency and too

little on the over - all problem of the patient's health

.

Dead teeth may be so well surrounded by an armed force of the body's permanent police that the hostile bacteria are walled in and are harmless for the time being . Nevertheless they are potentially

dangerous . Let the body forces be needed elsewhere in an emergency and the walled off bacteria are quick to strike . Only a few have to fight their way through the wall to start a serious invasion

for their rate of multi-

plication

is so great that in a few hours they become an army greatly of increased number and vigor . To the patient's query , May I not leave the dead tooth as long as it is useful and not harmful ? " We answer that when the tooth is found to

"

be harmful , it may be too late to do anything for you . The body is continually surrounded by infection . We stay alive because our power to fight this infection is greater than the to fight us . We should not put our defensive systems under a continuous handicap . In an emergency that handicap might mean the difference between life and death . power of the infection

The few cases of diabetes we have are primarily cases of calcium - phosphorous metabolism but none were free from infection . This was readily determined by the differential blood picture and by clinical symptoms . Chronic sinusitis and tonsilitis were common as were also infections of the teeth and gums . The hard job is not to find that there is infection , but to know where the patient can be sent to have the source discovered and the infection removed . We have learned to

I

ignore the patient's statement , " but have had my tonsils removed . " It seems that sometimes they have been removed

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

233

but that too often the operation served to cause scar tissue which conceals infection and worse than that makes it impossible for it to drain in the throat so that by the blood stream .

it must

be absorbed

We have also learned to ignore the patient's , " but my teeth were X - rayed and the dentist said they were all right . ” Too many dentists are solely mechanically minded . A devital tooth if it gives no evident trouble is considered by many to be a good tooth . Every devital tooth is potentially a source of infection . The worst types of infection often produce no rarification at the tooth apices . In fact , the reverse is true . The types of infection which are the least harmful produce the greatest rarification for the simple reason that the forces of the body fight and wall off the infection . Dead teeth are not worth the risk . Those dentists serve

their patients

best who insist on healthy teeth and extraction

of

dangerous ones

potentially

.

I regret to say, too the present , is the practice of tonsil snatching . Rare and lucky is the person who gets through childhood with his tonsils . Another practice of the past and

prevalent

in

But suppose they are full of pus ? They are excretory organs and are supposed to be full of pus if they are draining infection away from some other area . These areas are most likely to be the teeth or sinuses

,

the nose or the ear .

If

the original source of the infection is attended to , the tonsils most often will free themselves of pus .

Doctor Otto Meyer of New York City who has been dealing with the results of local infection for many years states that only about two per cent of tonsils removed are removed completely . This results in tonsil tags or stubs being left . They

DEGENERATION

234

- REGENERATION

should be completely removed ; if not at the first operation then at a subsequent and not too future time .

When tonsils are incompletely removed , the remaining tonsil tissue becomes covered with scar tissue . Then instead

of

being excretory organs they become secretory organs . Infection can no longer drain into the throat where it is either expelled or swallowed and made short work of by the gastric juice , but is forced back into the system . This puts such a continuous and severe load on the defensive forces of the body that not even an efficient body chemistry can keep the person entirely well .

Doctor Meyer (54 ) has found that bacterial

seepage from invades the veins surrounding the locus of infection and from there invades the large veins of the body . The nearest large veins to sources of infection

infected teeth or tonsil stubs

from the head are the jugular and sub - clavian . He has established that when these veins become infected the inner coat

of the veins called the intima ,

.

location

( 55 )

its

becomes inflamed and swollen and serves to restrict the return of blood to the heart . By means of what he has designated as " pressure points " he can tell if there is concealed infection and approximate

Many people who have had their dead teeth removed or their tonsils out to rid themselves of infection have not had of

explain has

why

.

.

the results expected Doctor Meyer's findings Even though the primary focus infection

been dis-

source of infection

.

as

a

it

;

a

of to

in

it

yet may have been there long covered and eliminated secondary focus enough for the have been established veins whereupon removal the primary focus must be followed by removal of the secondary focus or still remains

DEGENERATION

-REGENERATION

235

Doctor Meyer (56 ) has discovered how to remove this of the veins (or phlebitis as it is called ) , with most wonderful results , as the author has had occasion to observe on several occasions . infection

In our experience we have found that these pressure points disappear in many cases when the body chemistry has been made more efficient . We have come to the conclusion in the veins will respond to biochemical treatment while the original focus will not . It seems that the infection in the veins is like the outposts of a fort . Even though the fort should be captured (excised) the outposts that the infection

may continue if the body's defensive forces are not improved . But when the defensive forces are strong , the outposts can be

eliminated even though the fort is impregnable to this form of attack . Of course , the fort should be taken too , or eventually new outposts will be set up when conditions become favorable to the enemy bacteria .

When the idea of focal infection first gained general acceptance there were of course as always some who carried the idea to extremes . Countless teeth were sacrificed that were not infected . Tonsilectomies became twice as common as circumcision in the Jewish race . It became quite general practice for the physician to order his patient's teeth out . He sometimes did this before attempting any other remedial treatment and after only but cursory examination . If quite a few fillings were visible upon mouth inspection , it was prima facia

evidence that the teeth should come out .

Many dentists followed the orders of the physician in regard to the extraction of teeth for the patient of the physician , but when the dentist knew the physician was wrong in ordering the extractions , many refused . Eventually most physi-

236

DEGENERATION

-REGENERATION

that in all probability the dentists knew more about teeth than they did and it became the practice to consult with the dentists about what should be done in the cians became convinced

way of extractions

. The wholesale extraction of good teeth thing has become a of the past except in a very few instances . Unfortunately it is still done by a few , principally by physicians untrained in dentistry . Being unable to distinguish between healthy and infected teeth, they in their zeal take them all and the alveolar process with them . It would only be justice if these men had the same thing done in their own mouths . It is a hard way to learn but it should be effective and might keep many others from going through the

same process .

There are ways of determining the presence of infection the body so it is not too difficult to tell when to stop surgical procedures .

in

CHAPTER XI THE FUTURE

W

E THINK THAT by

our methods of measuring body istry or by better methods of the future it will be

chempossi-

ble to abolish dental decay and the other degenerative diseases for the people in general and not just for the very few who can have that service now . This will accomplish something else . Man will be able to live out his allotted span which some authorities

think to be

as much

as

one hundred

and

. This does not mean that we would have a lot of feeble and infirm people around . It would mean rather that there would be much less illness ; that the prime of life would extend over a much longer period ; that the period of infirmity preceding death would be of shorter duration . It would mean a more abundant life .

forty years

which does not seem improbamay is that life be extended way past man's allotted

There ble .

It

is another prospect

time . How ? By borrowing from other animals the hormones he needs to replace his deteriorating ones .

Why we may reasonably expect this to happen is based upon the following reasoning : of the body do die and are replaced at frequent intervals throughout life . Why do they not continue to repeat this cycle ? If they did , we would never die by natural means . Actually , chicken liver has been kept alive and growing for many years . (Carrel- Lindberg experiment .) They do not continue to repeat these cycles because the First , that the

cells

glands become old . When the hormones lose their effectiveness , the

anabolic

catabolic processes of the cells increase over the until the balance is so far disturbed that death

DEGENERATION

238

- REGENERATION

ensues . Now if these feeble hormones could be enhanced by young strong hormones , then this destructive process of

physical and mental deterioration

bly reversed .

Where would we obtain

could be halted and possiextra hormones

these

?

From

the meat packing plants . The blood from slaughtered animals is now practically wasted , yet it contains all of the hormones produced by the glands of the slaughtered animals in just the right amounts and proportions to serve the needs of the animals . Our bodies use these same hormones .

If

we could inject the animal's blood into our veins we would have the answer . But we cannot . For the blood of different animals will not mix . They are incompatible and death would ensue . They are incompatible because of the proteins which are different in different animals . these foreign proteins

If

could be removed then the plasma would contain , among other useful things , the hormones which we could use so handily . bit of evidence already that this prin. For instance : blood transfusions from one animal to another of the same species and blood type are frequently used . The blood of the grandfather of a sick boy would not be used for the boy because experience has shown that it would probably not benefit the boy . However , if the positions of the boy and his grandfather were reversed , the boy's blood might very well aid the old man greatly . In France a noted doctor once gave transfusions of young human blood to elderly people who wanted to live longer . It worked . There is still other evidence which to the mind of the writer There

is quite a

ciple is sound

makes

the project

feasible .

At

first

it

was

considered

that

the sex hormones controlled the extent of life . Actually , properly used they do set back the years a little but it is

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

239

known now that this is only part of the story . One hormone does not control all of the body processes . They all have a hand in it . Fortunately we have ready at hand all of the hormones we need and in the right proportions . The blood of young healthy animals contains the long-sought -for " fountain of youth . " Why hasn't this been done ? Because it

is the

opinion

of

most endocrinologists that the hormone content of blood is so minute that it is not worthwhile reclaiming . They forget that there is enough of the hormones in such blood to maintain all the various chemical processes which go on in the

animal from which it is taken . They are accustomed to giving what consider many hundreds and even thousands of times the amounts of the various hormones that I have found neces-

I

sary to augment endocrine function of the average person . When they learn to measure the effects of endocrine treatment by means of calcium -phosphorous tests , I believe that they will also recognize the potency of minute amounts of endocrine substance or of the hormones

I

believe the reclamation

.

of the hormones from animal

blood for use by injection into human beings to be a feasible project . It awaits some financial backer for it would take the time of some first - rate physiological chemists and the equipment to conduct such a project . Doctor E. J. Cohn of Harvard has gone a long way in the fractioning of blood . It was he who was mainly responsible for many of the blood products used so successfully during World War and now . I know of no one better able to undertake such a project as

II

outlined than he . the field in which I am especially interested , that of prevention , we are training others to do the work whenever

In

DEGENERATION

240

- REGENERATION

we find a person qualified by intelligence and character , capable of so doing , but there is an educational tendency which we view with alarm . Because of the great demand for education , some limitation has been necessary in the selection of college students . The easiest method is to take only those who have made the highest grades in preparatory schools . In medicine and dentistry this demand is so great that in actual practice so much work is given the student that only the memory student can memorize it quickly enough to pass the daily quizzes and examinations . By elimination of those who cannot keep up with such students , the professions are becoming filled with memory minds at the expense of those with original minds . We are breeding by selection those who would make good professors which is natural as the professors are the ones who lay down the rules of selection .

This in part is as it should be . We need memory minds in the professions . We need professors . But we also need other types of minds . The memory mind is very seldom a reasoning mind . This the memory minds will vehemently deny . Each will claim to have both . But the fact remains that in spite of the millions spent by the universities for research , very little has developed from it to justify the cost . In this the public is more to blame than the universities

.

The public

has an entirely erroneous idea of the functions and capabilities of the universities .

If

the new knowledge developed outside the professions , the engineers and mem-

by the pharmaceutical manufacturer

bers of other professions were stripped from medicine , what would be left ? Yet there are many men of medicine who have

original minds

.

Perhaps because

the standards of admission

to medical schools were once much lower

.

However

,

if

the

DEGENERATION present tendency continues completely eliminated .

- REGENERATION before long they

,

241

will

have been

That there are grounds for such opinions is known by the students of history . The Chinese were once an inventive nation . That is , a few people invented things which every one used . (That made a nation civilized , according to modern

standards . ) Then education became popular . Then admission to the colleges and universities became more and more restricted until the inventive mind could not get an education .

There followed 2,000 years of no advance in originality or in inventions . All the emphasis became placed on philosophy and the classics . Not that the latter is not good it is just

-

one sided .

In

Egypt just about the same things happened

Educaart beEach doctor

― people became regimented tion became regimented –

- medicine

.

—

became regimented . practice had his own little field of . In other words , he bepain specialist moved , the patient also had to . If the came a came regimented

move to another doctor . The doctor was told just what to prescribe for each disease – if he did anything else and the patient died , the doctor also lost his life . (57 ) This sufficed to deter any originality which might have survived .

The boundaries of each specialty were strictly enforced . Woe to the doctor who overstepped these boundaries . The other doctors were the first to complain . The doctors all became specialists by law . Jealousy filled the professions . They forgot that the welfare of the patient was their only reason for existence as a profession . Any similarity shown to exist in those times and now is deliberate and premeditated

.

DEGENERATION

242

- REGENERATION

as regards arthritis seems more favorable any past than at time in the . The medical profession is beginning to use the hormones in its treatment . This is the first step in the right direction . Gradually the profession as

The outlook

a whole will get an understanding of the principles of body chemistry as opposed to the treatment of disease by means of drugs . It is true that their viewpoint is still that of drug even when dealing with endocrine substances , but they have become so steeped in that phase of medicine that it will be some time before they begin to treat the patient rather than the disease .

therapy

the present moment great publicity has been given certain doctors of the Mayo clinic as a result of their discovery

At

of the use of a hormone from the pituitary in the treatment of arthritis . This hormone they call ACTH , which probably is the adrenal cortico - tropic hormone

.

When they use a hormone without knowing in advance whether or not it is the right thing to use for that person , they will find that a certain number are benefited while a certain number are made worse by its use . When they learn to treat the patient , they will know in advance be used or if it should not be used and why .

if it

should

I

As near as can find out by preliminary reports , it is effective only in high phosphorous , low calcium conditions ,

in a similar manner to the gold cure which has had a recent run of popularity or ertron which was so popular a few years

It will die out too , undoubtedly , when they discover long at last that there are also bad effects from its use when used as they now do as a drug . How much time could be saved and how much suffering averted if the medical proago .

fession but knew that pyorrhea is also arthritis

and that the

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

243

wilderness which they think they are penetrating for the first time has already been discovered and mapped by another profession . But it is harder for information to pass the selfimposed barriers of the medical profession from the outside than it is for the proverbial a needle .

camel to go through the eye

of

But even though they will probably have to discover the path themselves as long as they have made a start at the proper point , they eventually will succeed . When once they understand the principles of the treatment of arthritis , it will not be long before they realize that all of the degenerative diseases are based on the same principles . As a matter of fact , dental diseases and the methods necessary to cure the people who have them offers a small scale model of all the methods which need to be used for people having other degenerative disease considered to be in the field of medicine . Pyorrhea is representative of all of the conditions depending upon a high phosphorous and low calcium imbalance of the blood while dental decay is representative of all of those chronic degenerative changes coincident with low phosphoroushigh calcium imbalance . Cancer is one of the greatest causes of death today . One eight people are said to die from cancer . With the inin cidence of cancer so high anyone in a dental practice is bound

to see many cases whether he recognizes them or not . One who does complete blood chemistry examinations as well as making out the endocrine patterns for each patient is bound to arrive at some conclusions over a period of twenty years . We have , but first wish to point out certain facts regarding cancer .

DEGENERATION

244

- REGENERATION

First , cancer cells differ from those from whom they only in rate of growth and in abnormal size of

originate the cell .

We have noticed that those cancer cases we knew had almost invariably overactive anabolic glands . About 95 % of these had overactive anterior pituitary glands . We have noticed also that these cases have sugar levels of the blood higher than 100 mg . per 100 cc .

It

is well known that cancer and diabetes are often allied

diseases .

Doctor Meyerhof of the University of Pennsylvania ( 58 ) believes that growth of cancer cells might be checked if biochemists could find a way to curb the tumor's appetite for sugar . He finds that fast growing cells such as cancer need an abnormal amount of sugar for their growth as they split the sugar molecule into lactic acid molecules by a process akin

to alcoholic fermentation called glycolysis . It is this lactic acid which is essential for their growth . Could this be limited , then growth could be slowed .

We believe that the sugar level of the blood is even more important than Doctor Meyerhof states . We do not remember seeing a single cancer case who had a correct sugar level , yet in most non - cancer cases this is easily obtained by means of a sugar -free diet alone . Furthermore there are physicians who have had some considerable success with cancer cases by the use of small doses of insulin . Doctor Beale has used doses of two or three units of insulin two or three times per week together with a proper diet in cancer cases for at least 15 years , to my knowledge .

I

have used insulin in small

amounts

to obtain

a

DEGENERATION

-REGENERATION

245

correct sugar level for many patients . Some of these were reported to have cancer . Some of these if they did have cancer at one time certainly show no appearance of it now . Our object was not to control the sugar level so much as it was to inhibit the anterior pituitary but the sugar levels of the blood served as index of the amounts of insulin or other substance

to give . Perhaps it has been the sugar level of the blood which has been of prime importance all along . Elsewhere in this book is a chart of an eight year old boy who had cancer of the brain . This is a well authenticated case . At the present time he seems to be entirely well . He now runs 100 of sugar in the blood on each test . two units of insulin and some estrin daily .

He

takes

Another case of skin cancer of the face cleared up entirely within a few months when he gave up drinking 12 bottles of a widely distributed soft drink daily .

I am

of the opinion that the anterior pituitary gland can become toxic in the same manner that the thyroid becomes toxic . Since the anterior pituitary manufactures the growth hormone , any lack of control of the pituitary or an abnormal secretion put out by the pituitary might produce chaos in the metabolic activities of the cells

it

was made to regulate .

I

believe has been almost totally overlooked is the role that milk plays in cancer cases . To say anything against milk as a food partakes of the nature of heresy . It is accepted by practically everyone including our

Another factor which

best nutritionists as our most excellent food . Perhaps it is the universal acceptance which protects it from inquiry and investigation .

Just what is milk ? It is that fluid , usually from a cow , used by the cow for the purpose of feeding her calf up till

DEGENERATION

246

- REGENERATION

a certain age when she weans it . Man uses it himself and his family for all of his life .

As far

only

ones

weaning

as

I

who

know, he and

drink for

of ant are the after the age of

a certain species

an animal

use

as a

secretion

.

be some good reason why nature weans at six to eight months of age , for nature goes to great pains to see that this is done . The infant begins to eat food other than his mother's milk after a few months and

Now there must

children

then at about six months of age develops two very sharp lower incisors which remind the mother very forcibly that her child is past the milk stage

.

While the infant is developing inside its mother the blood of the mother nourishes it . It furnishes not only food , oxygen and water but it also furnishes the hormones necessary for the chemical function of the unborn infant . After the child is born a sudden change takes place . He is outside of his mother and in the world but his needs have not changed , he must still continue to get his nourishment . His nourishment then becomes milk . This milk is undoubtedly one of the finest of foods because nature made it for that purpose but it also contains the hormones of the mother . These hormones are very useful up to a certain point . Nature has also provided for that so that when this point is reached the infant

will

no longer nurse .

Before the child is born there is very little need for any of the hormones produced by the infant itself . These glands like other parts of the body have to be developed . When the

child is born there is no instantaneous development of these glands . It takes time . For instance , when the child is born the hydrochloric acid produced by the chief cells of the stom-

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

247

ach is very weak . As the child develops more and more acid is produced so that the secretion becomes more acid .

There are two ferments in the stomach of the infant . is the digestant for milk . It only works very weak acid such as the infant has at birth and up until

One is rennet which

in a

the time of weaning . As the acid gets stronger then pepsin which is also developed in the stomach becomes activated by this hydrochloric acid and the rennet becomes in - activated .

It would

seem

that Nature has decided that milk is a

good food up to a certain point but after that point is reached provision is made for other and possibly more suitable foods .

As with so many other things , we do our best to improve on or defeat nature's plans . In this case we substitute cow's milk if we have not done this already soon after birth , and are so pleased when the child learns to drink it from a cup instead of taking it in small sips , as nature intended , so that it can be thoroughly mixed with saliva . Then he continues drinking milk all his life unless some doctor or the patient eventually finds that he is allergic to milk and also finds that his sinusitis , his post nasal drip , his continuous frequent colds , or his colitis clears up when he accidently or otherwise does not drink milk for a few days .

Recently Norman W. Kline , M. D. (61 ) of The Washington School of Medicine reported on one hundred and forty cases of allergy to milk among babies . These one hundred and forty cases were part of the average office practice of but one physician

.

Dr. Hinton Jonez ( 62 ) of Tacoma , Washington feels that Multiple Sclerosis is an allergic condition . He notes that Multiple Sclerosis has an exceptionally high incidence in areas where dairying is the leading industry and a greatly lessened inci-

248

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

dence where dairying is not a leading industry . It makes him wonder whether cow's milk may not be a causative factor in this very serious disease .

Harold D. Lynch , M. D. (63 ) , pediatrician of Evansville , Indiana reports in the American Medical Journal of September 1951 a number of cases of illnesses of childhood which he thinks are due to milk .

He thinks the factor which this is the lessened amount of protein in milk ; that requires more protein than he can obtain from milk . instances of the vomiting of childhood , constipation

produces the child

He

cites

of child-

susceptibility to infection , dental caries , anemia , failure to gain weight , anorexia , all conditions which improved or disappeared completely when cow's milk was removed from the diet and the infant put on a high protein diet .

hood , increased

We have reason to believe that this improvement was not due solely to the increased protein but that another cause is the hormonal content of milk when milk is continued after the child no longer needs hormonal supplementation out its own body .

from with-

Of course , milk has probably the highest content of calcium and phosphorous of any of the food substances but it is not necessary that we use milk to get these minerals . We can get them in the same way the cow does : from grain

If

vegetables . we use the whole grain which contains the minerals instead of the white flour which does not , we would not have to steal from the cow who does eat the whole

and

grain .

In fact there is hardly any food which does not contain calcium and phosphorus whether it be animal or vegetable . It is perfectly obvious to some that we should drink milk

and lots of it for milk contains calcium and phosphorous and the bones and teeth need calcium and phosphorous . Yet it is just as obvious that the milk -using peoples of the world

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

249

dental decay by so doing . Also it is to be noted that millions of people in various parts of the earth have no milk after they are weaned and no dental decay either . have not eliminated

But we have objections to milk which are not so obvious . the first place , milk contains the hormones which the blood of the animal which manufactured it contains . This is obvious

In

since milk is made from the blood

.

Secondly , the normal animal does not give three or four gallons of milk daily but very much less than that . The animals are produced to give that much milk by making ab-

normal or endocrine freaks by breeding with this result in mind .

To get this result an overactive anterior pituitary gland required is since this gland produces the lactogenic hormone responsible for milk production . However , it also produces

the growth hormone . Now if a person already has a too active anterior pituitary gland and a history of cancer in his ancestry , do not believe that he should augment this tendency by

I

drinking milk .

It

is said that Switzerland

per capita , then Denmark

has the highest rate

of cancer

and of the United States

,

Wis-

consin takes the lead . These three places also take the lead in milk production and in the order named .

I

predict that cancer

will

soon be discovered to be due

to constitutional tendency , to consumption of sugar , and to consumption of milk , or to the first condition aggravated by one or both of the others , and that the cure will be whatever is necessary to counteract the first cause which will include insulin and sex hormones as they inhibit the anterior pituitary and the elimination in those having cancer of sugar and milk from the diet .

DEGENERATION

250

- REGENERATION

It would seem perhaps that for a book about dental health and pathology too much has been said about general health and pathology . We believe that with the exceptions of Broderick (59 ) and Price ( 60 ) , nearly all the writers on dental health treat of the subject as purely local health or pathology with no relation to health of the body as a whole . Some even state that no such relationship exists . If we have leaned too far in the opposite direction , it is only because we believe that phase of dentistry has been sorely neglected and the emphasis not placed where it belongs . Our specialty of dentistry has a tendency to narrow our viewpoints . We tend to lose perspective . This work is an attempt to recover that perspective . the last year , 1952 there has been organized "The Society American of Anthropometric Medicine and Nutrition . " This group is composed of M.D.'s ; O.D.'s ; and D.D.S.'s as well as others who are interested in the basic causes of health or

Within

disease

such as psychologists , anthropologists

,

soil chemists

,

Ph.D.'s in animal and plant nutrition and others who can contribute to the knowledge we all need concerning the physical and mental welfare of man . We have learned that no one profession has all it needs for the welfare of the patient . We have learned in the short time that this organization has been in existence that each profession grew because it had some-

thing of value

to contribute and that we serve better when the walls between them are down .

This

ends a period of twenty years of my life devoted exclusively hope that the realmost to the task given me . may eyes sult is favorable in His and that be selected to

I

continue

until such time

as my successor

I

has been chosen .

CHAPTER XII TECHNIQUE SING A 25 gauge needle and a 10cc syringe , wet the inside

USINGsyringe

of 712cc blood .

with saturated sodium citrate solution and

/

take

Put 12cc blood in shallow dish for blood sugar . Put

in centrifuge tube

7cc blood

- centrifuge

―

ten min-

utes . Measure percentage of blood cell volume .

BLOOD SUGAR Micro Method of Folin .

BLOOD CALCIUM Take plasma from cells by means of medicine dropper

in

and place

Take

another tube .

of plasma

- put

in

centrifuge

tube . Add lcc Amonium oxylate solution . Agitate well let stand at least 30 minutes . Centrifuge ― pour off liquid 10 minutes wash by blowing 2cc of special wash water on precipitate by force . Centripour off water ― wash again . fuge 5 minutes 2cc

2cc water

-- add

Centrifuge

-

-

5 minutes

-- pour off water

― invert —

tubes

to drain .

Make fresh solution of potassium permanganate hundredth normal , from 1/10 normal which should be kept in refrigerator .

Fill

,

one-

stock solution

/

burette graduated in fiftieths of a cc with 1 100n . potassium permanganate solution , filling and emptying the burette a couple of times to wash out any trace

of cleaning water which may have been left in burette .

DEGENERATION

252

- REGENERATION

2cc of normal sulphuric acid to each calcium precipitate and heat by standing in rack in boiling water . When calciums are dissolved , titrate with permanganate . 1 10cc of permanganate will be decolorized by

Add

/

the equivalent of 1 mg . of calcium . Subtract from final reading for correction of the NH2SO4 factor . Thus a reading of 98 hundredths cc on the burette indicates 9.8 mg . Ca. per 100cc of blood .

PHOSPHOROUS To lcc of plasma in a six inch test tube , add 2cc of water and 2cc of 20 % trichloracetic acid . Agitate well and let stand 30 minutes or more . Filter through filter paper approximately 11½ inches in diameter . Use 3cc of filtrate for analysis also place 3cc of standard phosphate solution in another tube as standard . To each tube add lcc Molybdic acid solution ( Benedicts ) , lcc hydroquinone bisulfite solution , and 5cc of water . boiling cool and water bath for 15 minutes Heat in compare in colorimeter . The unknown contains 4 mg .

-

of phosphorous per 100cc of blood when standard in color .

N/10

it

matches

the

Solution can be purchased at Central Scientific Co. , Chicago or any other reliable house . find it better to buy 4 oz . every 3 months . kept in refrigerator its strength will remain practically

Potassium

permangante

I

If

constant for that length of time . One cc is diluted with 9cc of water for use .

-

Special Wash Water Shake a little calcium oxylate powder with about 2 liters of 0.5 per cent NH4OH solution (40cc of concentrated ammonia diluted to 2 liters ) . Allow to settle overnight . Filter some of the

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION supernatant

fluid through

253

of Whatman No. clear . Use in a wash

2 layers

40 filter paper until perfectly bottle .

Phosphate Solution can be tral Scientific Co. , Chicago , or made by dissolving .3510 grams and make up to 1,000cc . Dilute water for use .

Standard

.

purchased from Cenany reliable house , or dry KH²PO¹ in water one part to nine parts

Benedict's Hydroquinone Bisulfite Reagent is made by dissolving 30 grams sodium bisulfite in water and one gram

of

hydroquinone

may be purchased

.

Make up to 200cc

.

This also

.

Benedict's Molybdic Acid Reagent had better be purchased

.

The proportion of ten of calcium to four of phosphorous indicates an autonomic equilibrium , in people eighteen years age or more . In young people the phosphorous be more than 40 % of the calcium .

of

level

will

Calcium and phosphorous unite to form a compound in the proportions of 10 to 4. The product of the amounts that can unite in these proportions is the usable product . A usable product average of 30 or more precludes dental caries . Successive

levels .

In

or rather

tests

will

to have teeter- totter

will be an excess of calcium This teeter- totter shows When the rise and fall of the level

a deficiency of phosphorous .

bad body chemistry . synchronized

becomes

show arthritics

the acute stage there

,

there is good body chemistry .

Sugar raises the calcium and lowers the phosphorous . Therefore the true state of the body chemistry cannot be determined until sugar has been eliminated from the diet .

GLOSSARY adrenal cortex

The outer part of

the adrenal glands which a different hormone from the internal

produces

portion adrenal medulla

The inner portion of the adrenal which produces a hormone called adrenalin these glands are situated just above the kidneys

acromegaly

A chronic

disease , growth of bone after maturity due to over -function of the anterior pituitary gland

alveolar ridges

The bony material of the jaw which surrounds the roots of the teeth and upon which dentures are fitted after loss of teeth

-

anabolic

Physiological

build up

A

angina pectoris

term

heart disease characterized

in the thorax and left

andric

meaning

constructive

by spasmodic

,

to

pain

arm

androgen

Masculine or male in general , not relating just to in the ordinary sense (opposite of gynic ) Hormones which are usually considered characteristic of the male but which both sexes produce

anti -scorbutic factor

Synonym

arteries , arterioles

That part of the vascular blood away from the heart

anterior -pituitary

A

sex

arterio -sclerosis arthritis

·

ascorbic

acid

atretic follicles

which takes

-

A disease affecting the joints and due in our opinion to a disturbance of calcium -phosphorous metabolism

Chronic

or

depositing

knuckles , knees , etc.

arthritis ,

deformed

Vitamin C , citrus fruits , apples and tomato juice high in this element

"A graafian

death

autonomic balance

system

gland situated in the median portion of the called " King gland " because it has a direct influence on all other glands Thickening and hardening of the arteries head

arthritis deformans

for Vitamin C

follicle which has aborted from the

of the ovum ."

Exists when the two branches of the autonomic system oppose each other with approximately equal force nervous

DEGENERATION

256

autonomic nervous system

buffer action calculus , salivary

serumnal

- REGENERATION

The "automatic

nervous system " which controls chiefly involuntary processes of the body and is composed of two branches , the parasympathetic and the sympathetic and with which are associated the sympathetic and parasympathetic gland groups The ability of a secretion such as saliva to neutralize both acid and alkaline material Associated with a high level of calcium in the blood

with a high level of phosphorus in the blood Associated

an abnormal deposit on the teeth composed

"Known medically as viosterol , a synthetic or Vitamin D formed by the action of ultra -violet light on ergosterol " "Minute vessels which connect arterioles and venules forming a network in nearly all parts of the body "

calciferol

capillaries

cardio -vascular disease

Disease of the heart and blood vessels

castration

Removal of the testicles

catabolic

Breaking down process as opposed building up

catalizers

"A

cataracts

Deposits

to anabolic ,

substance which modifies the velocity of a chemical or physical process " obscure

cevitamic

of

mineral salts

acid

chronic arthritis climacteric

in the eye which if large vision leading to blindness

enough

Vitamin C , citrus fruits , apples , tomatoes , etc. are good sources Depositing arthritis coincidental , in our opinion , with excess blood calcium

A period

of change in endocrine function through which both men and women go and which lasts several years

colloidal substance

“A glutinous

congenital

"Existing

substance

at or before

resembling glue " birth "

colitis

Inflammation of the colon

coronary thrombosis

"Formation

of a clot in a branch of the coronary which supply blood to the heart muscle resulting in obstruction of the artery and necrosis of the tissue supplied in this area " A yellow mass in the ovary related to menstrual cycle and pregancy , produces a hormone called arteries

corpora lutea

-

progesterone .

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

"A

creatinine decalcification degenerative

processes

257

found in blood and urine and resulting from the breakdown of creatin " Removal of calcium from teeth and bones by the blood due to a deficiency state substance

Breaking down process from within

dementia

Demented (a state of being out of one's mind )

dental caries

Decay

depositing arthritis

Chronic arthritis , arthritis deformans , enlarged knuckles and joints due in our opinion to calcium - phosphorous imbalance producing a chronic excess of calcium .

devitalized

Existing but without life , i . e. dead tooth

in

teeth

diabetes

mellitus

High blood sugar generally thought to be due to deficiency of the pancreas but actually a multiglandular disease

diabetes

insipidus

Diabetes due to deficiency of pituitary gland , high blood sugar usually low phosphorus , not so generally thought , fairly common

diastolic pressure

the posterior resulting and uncommon as to mild degree The pressure of the blood in the veins and arteries which exists between contractions of the heart

dry socket

Osteomyelitis of the alveolar process

ductless glands

Endocrines , glands secreting directly into the blood stream A chemical reaction between two dissimilar metals , i . e., silver and gold fillings in teeth "Softening of the brain "

electrolysis

encephalomalacia endocrine endocrinopathies endocrine dysfunction endocrinology endogenous

-

A ductless gland refers to glands directly into the blood stream Pathology of the glands , " sick glands "

Inadequate or excessive glandular function due to illness or heredity Study of glands and the effects of and lack of their secretions Originating inside

enzyme

"Chemical

ergosterol

"Chemical ergot "

essential hypertension

secreting

ferment formed by living cells " substance

"High blood

pressure

originally

isolated

from

having no obvious exciting

estrin

external cause " Female hormone

estrogen

Female hormone obtained from female

ovaries

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

258

fistula

"An

gangrene

Necrosis

gastric juices

Stomach juices

gigantism

Bodily growth beyond normal limits and necessarily occurring before maturity

gingiva

Portions of the gums nearest the crown of the tooth

ulcerous tube-like pathway often leading to an internal hollow organ "

gingivitis

Inflammation

teeth

of the gums at the necks of the

glandular extracts

made by the glands (endocrines ) of man or other animals , sometimes synthetically produced or manufactured by man

glandular pattern

A

Secretions

graphic picture of the functional ability of the endocrines characteristic of a certain individual , there are so many possible combinations that a person's endocrine pattern is as individual as his thumb prints

glandular secretions

Same as glandular extracts

glucose

A sugar ,

glucostat

Sugar controlling apparatus (word coined on principle of thermostat )

glycogen

Sugar converted to a form for storage in the body can be reconverted by the body to glucose

gynic

Female , in general not relating just to sex in the ordinary sense and the opposite of andric

goiter belts

Areas , e . g. , Great Lakes area , with greater than normal incidence of goiter due usually to lack of iodine in soil and water

goiter

Enlargement of thyroid gland Gland filled with colloidal substance "Enlarged pulsating thyroid gland , manifesting thyroid activity and productive of a perverted toxic secretion "

simple colloidal exophthalmos

monosaccharide

in form

-

gonads

Sex glands

hepatic

Liver

hormone

Glandular secretion

hydrochloric acid

Acid found in stomach

hyper-

As a prefix meaning over -active

hypo-

As a prefix meaning under -active Disease of bacterial origin , i . e., measles ,

infectious disease

(sex glands or others )

T.

B.

DEGENERATION inorganic

- REGENERATION

Inorganic substances in general are substances which have not been converted by living substances to the organic or living form , much confusion exists regarding the difference between organic and inorganic organic is chiefly the form in which the material can be used by animal bodies inorganic is the form used by plant life

-

-

insulin

Isles of Langerhans of the Pancreas

259

Secretion of Isles of Langerhans of the pancreas are important in changing sugar to glucose to avoid high blood sugar levels , therefore , used in diabetes but also used in many non -diabetic

conditions Glands of the pancreas

which produce insulin

isototonic solution

Solution which has same tension or osmotic sure as another solution such as blood

leucoderma

White patches on the skin , " congenital lack of normal pigmentation of the skin ." If acquired , called vitiligo

leucocyte

White cells of the blood

lumbago

Backache

lumen

Half moon on the finger nails

lymph nodes

"Numerous

macrophages

A

mal -occlusions manic -depressive psychoses

mastication metastasis

metabolism muscular dystrophy myopia nicotinic acid nyctalopia oral oral mucosa

nodules

tissues occurring along vessels "

pres-

of lymphoid the course of lymphatic

composed

phagocycte which eats bacteria Abnormal physical relationship of teeth one to another Abnormal mental states with recurring periods of depression alternating with recurring periods of elation The act of chewing Abnormal cells which break off from parent cells and migrate through blood and lymph channels to other parts of the body where they lodge and grow The sum of life processes Atrophy of the muscles "

"

Near -sightedness One of the substances complex Night blindness

composing

Mouth or pertaining to the mouth Mucous membrane of the mouth

vitamin

B

260

DEGENERATION

- REGENERATION

orchidectomy

(castration

organic

See inorganic

orthodontist

Dentist who straightens teeth Inflammation of the bone marrow or bone and marrow

osteomyelitis

ovulation

Eruption takes

pancreas parasympathetics

of testicles

of the ovum from the ovary , which the menstrual midway between

place

periods palsy

) removal

tremor of body or its parts Gland of both internal and external secretion Persistent

The "slow -down " group of

glands , adrenal corof Langerhans of the Pancreas , posterior pituitary and parathyroid By injection tex , Isles

parenterally pathology pellagra pericementitis

Study of structural and functional changes caused by disease A deficiency disease , chiefly deficiency of vitamin B complex Inflammation of the attachment of the teeth to the alveolus

pernicious anemia phlebitis psoriasis

pyorrhea renal calculi

An anemia once thought to be incurable , therefore the name Inflammation of the veins Skin disease , scaly , red , itches times , very persistent Arthritis of the teeth

and exudates

at

scurvy

Kidney stones Gradual destruction of dentin , cementum , alveolar process , or other hard tissues of the body Disease , deficiency of vitamin C

serumnal calculus

(see

resorption

somatic

specific gravity (of urine ) spleen sprue

subcutaneously sub -maxillary gland

calculus ) Bodily change

Weight of this fluid as compared of water

with weight

"A large glandlike but ductless organ situated99 in the upper part of the abdominal cavity . . “A chronic disease marked by sore mouth with a raw looking tongue , gastro -intestinal catarrh with periodic diarrhea and diminution in the size of the liver " Beneath the skin

Salivary gland on either side , below the angle of

the lower

jaw

- REGENERATION

DEGENERATION

261

and

suprarenal glands

glands Adrenal medulla )

sympathetic

The " speed -up " group of glands, thyroid , adrenal medulla , anterior pituitary and gonads Pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole "

systemic

systolic

(includes

both

cortex

"

The

pressure

exerted

when the heart exerts upon blood

on the arterial system its maximum pressure

tartar

Calcium deposit on the teeth

template

A

testosterone

gauge or pattern Male hormone

tetany

Convulsion

theelin

Female hormone obtained from urine usually of pregnant mares

therapeutic

Care and treatment , curative

thiamine

One of the parts of vitamin B complex

thyroid

Gland in the neck , among trols bodily heat

toxic

Poisonous

trace minerals

other functions con-

Those minerals appearing in soils and foods in minute amounts that until recently their importance and value to man's health was overlooked , i . e., boron , zinc , bromine , etc. such

traumatic trench mouth

Pertaining to or caused by an injury Vincent's angina (see)

tropical sprue ulcers

"Open

venous capillaries

Vincent's angina xerophthalmia

(see sprue

)

causing other than a wound · gradual disintegration and necrosis of the tissues " sore

Of or pertaining to the veins An infectious disease of the gums

"Conjunctivitis with atrophy and no liquid discharge , producing an abnormally dry and lustreless condition of the eyeball "

REFERENCES ( 1) (2)

(3) (4 ) (5) (6 )

Shohl , Alfred T. , M. D. , MINERAL METABOLISM . New York , 1939, Reinhold Publishing Co. Report of the Curriculum Survey Committee of the American Association of Dental Schools , 1935, 311 East Chicago Ave. , Chicago .

Ibid . Shohl , op . cit .

Ibid . M. E. , D.D.S. , " Practical Application of Preventive Dental Medicine ," in NUTRITION AND DENTAL HEALTH, Jan. , Feb. , March ,

Page ,

1938.

( 7)

Thoma , K. H. , D.M.D. , “ Oral Manifestations of Disease ," in JOURNAL AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION , 1942, Vol . 29 , No. 2 , p . 227 .

(8)

Ibid .

(9)

Shohl , op . cit . ( 10) Price , Weston , M.S. , D.D.S. , NUTRITION New York , 1938 , Paul B. Hoeber , Inc.

AND PHYSICAL

Degeneration .

( 11) Shohl , op . cit .

( 12) British Medical Journal (year and publication unknown )

( 13) Ibid .

( 14) JOURNAL American Medical Association . Feb. NONOFFICIAL REMEDIES , 1938.

( 15) Ibid . ( 16) JOURNAL AMERICAN

MEDICAL

19, 1938 , and New and

ASSOCIATION , 1938

( 17) BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL ( 18) JOURNAL AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION , Feb. 19, 1938, and NEW AND NONOFFICIAL Remedies , 1938. (19) Ibid . (20) Price , op . cit .

(21) Harrow , Benjamin , Ph . D. BIOCHEMISTRY . Philadelphia , 1938 , W. B. Saunders and Co. (22) Martin , A. J. P. , and Moore , .: CHEM . & INDUSTRY 55 :236 , 1936 (23 ) Ibid .

T

(24) Mason , K. E. , and Emmel , Anne F .; Yale J. BIOL .

& MED . 17: 189 (Oct. ) 1944 ; Anat . Rec . 92:33 ( May ) 1945 (25) Granados , Humberto , and Dam , Henrik : SCIENCE 101:250 ( March 9) 1945 (26 ) Dam , Henrik , and 1945

Granados , Humberto : SCIENCE 102:327

( Sept. 28)

(27 ) Houchin , O. B .: J. BIOL . CHEM . 146:313 (Dec. ) 1942 (28 ) Handbook of Nutrition : A Symposium Prepared Under the Auspices of the Council on Foods and Nutrition of the AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION , 1943

(28A

) Upjohn

, Vitamins in MEDICINE , Upjohn , Kalamazoo , Michigan

DEGENERATION

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(29 ) Ibid .

Prepared Under the Auspices (30) Handbook of Nutrition : A Symposium of the Council on Foods and Nutrition of the AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION , 1943. (31)

Joliffe , Norman : The Preventive and Therapeutic Use of Vitamins , Journal American Medical Association 129:613 (Oct. )

(32) Shohl , op . cit . (33) " Food and Life , ” YEARBook (34 ) Ibid . (35 ) Ibid . (36) Ibid . (37 ) Ibid . (38) Ibid . (39 ) Ibid . (40 ) Ibid . (41 ) Ibid . (42 ) Ibid . (43 ) Ibid . (44 ) Ibid . (45 ) Ibid . (46 ) Ibid .

of AgricuLTURE ,

1939

How to Regain and Maintain Good Health ( A compilation from a lecture series in Nutrition given by Melvin E. Page , D. D. S. , St. Petersburg , Florida , 1941) (48) Gottlieb Scientific American , 1949 , p . 167 (49) Draper , George , M. D. , C. W. Dupertuis , Ph.D. , J. L. Caughey, Jr. , M.D. , Med . ScI.D. HUMAN CONSTITUTION IN CLINICAL MEDICINE , Paul B. Hoeber , Inc. , Harper & Bros. , New York (50 ) Ibid . (51) Meyerhof , Otto , DRUG & ALLIED INDUSTRIES (pub .) , p . 28 , Vol . 35 , No. V , May 1949 (47) Robert , Verne , D. ,

(52 ) JOURNAL p. 1193

AMERICAN

(58 ) (59) (60)

(61) 62 ) (63)

ASSOCIATION

8/26/44 , Vol . 128, No. 17,

MEDICAL ASSOCIATION , March 11, 1946 " Incidence and Significance of Infested Tonsil Remnants ," EYE , EAR , NOSE AND THROAT MONTHLY , May 25: 244-246 , 1946 . Ibid . Ibid . Broderick , F. W .: THE PRINCIPLES OF DENTAL MEDICINE . The C. V. Mosby Co. , St. Louis , 1939. Intro . Meyerof , op . cit . Broderick , op . cit . Price , op . cit . Kline , Norman W. , M.D. " My Fight to Conquer Multiple Sclerosis " by Hinton J. Jonez , M.D. , Julian Messner , Inc. , New York , 1952 , p . 51 . Jonez , Hinton , M.D. " My Fight to Conquer Multiple Sclerosis , " Julian Messner , Inc. , New York , 1952. Lynch , Harold D. , M.D. American Medical Journal , September 1951.

(53) JOURNAL

AMERICAN

(54) Meyer , Otto , M.D. , (55 ) (56 ) (57 )

MEDICAL

DEGENERATION

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265

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Influence of dietary correction alone on calcium - phosphorus levels

....

.Page

Graph showing the relationship of caries to body measurements

34 38

Page

42

Chart showing autonomic endocrine and calcium phosphorus relationship

Page

51

Complete tree

Page 164

-

sugar upon calcium phosphorus levels -

,

Effect

of

Page

-

Two photographs showing the same person 1919

Page 167

1939

Graph indications for hypo and hyper glandular activity .......

Page 169

,

Normal endocrine patterns for male and female also gynic graph Page 179 with hypo posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary Chin Chart -

of

.Page 199

Graphs and calcium phosphorus charts and andric son 37 years old

andric father 75 years old .Page 203 ,

Hyper and hypo thyroid graphs with photographs both andric females

.Page 207

)

(

)

(d

mental ...... Page 225

ear old woman .....

Page 227

brain cancer case

) ...

latter

a

Graphs of father son and grandson ,

daughter

-

-y

92

igestive

(

mother

of

Graph and blood chart

a

ulcers

)

father

(

Graphs

of

Hyper thyroid female and andric male with hypo posterior pituitary Page 212 and hyper anterior pituitary

Page 229

St.

Printed in U.S.A. by Petersburg Printing Co. , Inc. Florida

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Anyone who perseveres in pioneer work receives encouragement , inspiration and impetus from many sources including sources of opposition . For these reasons I owe many people a debt of gratitude . It would be impossible to include the names of all who have aided me by their thoughts , their words and their acts even though I feel toward them the keenest appreciation . In this partial list I wish to put first those men who have given time from their practice to study the work with me . Some have returned home to put the methods observed to work ; all have returned home with a better understanding of the relationship between the body and the mouth ; with none have I felt that my time was wasted ; all have contributed something to the furtherance of the work : Edward Doran , D.D.S. , Walter Chappelle , D.D.S. , Melvin Henningsen , D.D.S. , J. Don Shriber , D.D.S. , Wm . P. Odom , D.D.S. , Raymond Girardot , D.D.S. , David Ferrell , D.D.S. , Robert Dilts , M.D. James Matlock , D.D.S. , Robert Mick , D.D.S. , William Graham , D.D.S. , L. B. Galbraith , D.D.S. , Dr. Earl Nott , Glen Patton , D.D.S. , and H. T. Gallager , D.D.S.

I

feel very warmly towards the following men who served as guinea in my first efforts at teaching this work to a group . Glen Boring , D.D.S. , George Biggs , D.D.S. , Ulma Dunbar , D.D.S. , Paul Hawkins , D.D.S. , J. R. Blackwell , D.D.S. , Robert Blanc , D.D.S. , Clare McCreary , D.D.S. , James Van Ausdale , D.D.S. , George Balhatchett , D.D.S. , Volney Dunklin , D.D.S. , J. E. Emmanuelson , D.D.S. pigs

There are many writers both living and dead whose works have provided information and clues leading the work forward and among these I would like to mention , Weston Price , D.D.S. , Nicholi Pende , M.D. , F. W. Broderick , D.D.S. , M.D. , Arthur Grollman , M.D. , August Werner , M.D. , W. B. Cannon , M.D. , Louis Berman , M.D. , Martin

Fischer , M.D. ,

Max E. L. A Cantarow , M.D. , Frank Billings , M.D. , Roy G. Hoskins , M.D. , James Rorty , E. V. McCollum , Ph.D. , H. Leicester , Ph.D. , T. R. Parsons , Biochemist , George Draper , M.D. , W. H. Shelton , Ph.D. , I. E. Kleiner , Ph.D. , Professor Earnest A. Hooten and Royal Lee , D.D.S. , H. Ucko , M.D. , E. M. Abrahamson , M.D. Goldzieher ,

M.D. ,

Sevringhaus

,

M.D. ,

The members of the "Jarvis Group " have always been patient readers of material presented through Dr. Jarvis for their group but also some of their members contributed much to the establishing of a beach head from which to develop this work and so I will particularly mention D. C. Jarvis , M. D. and Dr. T. B. Blackmar .

DEGENERATION

268

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Among the many friends , some being physicians , some patients and me by what I have learned from them or by the patience with which they have let me toss ideas about

some neither one or the other who have aided

for their reaction and criticism , I include Mr. Carlos Braun Menendez , Leroy Miner , D.M.D. , M.D. , Arthur Emmons , M.D. , Otto Meyer , M.D. , Bert Chiego , Ph.D. , Sam Beale , M.D. , Fred Miller , D.D.S. , Willard Andes , D.D.S. , E. C. Geiger , D.D.S. , Robert Cherry , D.D.S. , Wallis Caswell , D.D.S. , Dr. Stacey Davis , Marion Drane , M.D. , John Matthews , M.D. , Roy Hoskins , M.D. , Alex Linck , D.D.S. , Dr. Roy Walsingham , George Brenner , D.D.S. , William Armour Copeland , M.D. , C. Donnell , D.D.S. , J. LaDue , D.D.S. , Mr. Todd Lunsford , George Maxwell , D.D.S. , Fred Morgan , M.D. , Mr.

J. I.

Rodale , Victor Sears , D.D.S. , Alvin Jackson , M.D. , Mr. Harlow Heneman , F. S. Morgan , D.D.S. , Mrs. Mary Atkins , Mr. W. Bassett , Mr. Lindsay Nicholas , Mr. Yehudi Menuhin , Mr. C. Daniels , Mr. L. C. Walker , Mrs. Frank White , Mr. and Mrs. Ward Knapp , Mr. Fred Lovely , Mr. Hamilton Loving , Mr. and Mrs. Frank Walmsley , Mr. George Gardner , Miss L. B. Drake , Mr. Irving Aske , Mrs. John Garrison and finally Mr. W. C. Daniels and Mr. E. C. Barnes for the keenness of their humor .

I

am also indebted to Mr. J. H. Rand for legal assistance in establishing the Page Foundation as well as for being a substantial contributor to it .

I

am particularly indebted to Mr. Ainslie Perrault of Tulsa , Okla ., for his practical aid in spreading the knowledge of this work . As a result a number of doctors in various cities of the country have been to St. Petersburg to learn the fundamentals of this work and have gone back home to practice it under our continued guidance . Thus the work has spread far more than it could from my practice alone and insures that it will not end with me .

Mr. Perrault was also the first contributor toward the Page Foundation , a non -profit corporation organized for further research in the causes and prevention of degenerative disease and in the teaching of the basic principles this work .

OFMICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

3 9015 00740 6088