Table of contents : Contents List of Tables Preface Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. Origins and Geopolitical Contexts 3. Data and Methodologies 4. Varieties and Extent of Joint Landownership 5. Lay of the Land: Warichi Practice in Iwade Village 6. Warichi and Natural Hazard 7. Luck of the Draw? Outcomes and Disputes 8. Adaptability, Survivability, and Persistent Influences 9. Final Reflections Appendix A: Sources for Redistribution Interval Data and Coordinate Data, Echigo Villages Appendix B: Hikikuji Usage, Supplementary Tables Notes Bibliography Index