CSA B140.9.4-10 - Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns 9781554913398

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B140.9.4-10

Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns

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CSA Standards Update Service B140.9.4-10 February 2010 Title: Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns Pagination: 26 pages (vii preliminary and 19 text), each dated February 2010 To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publication •

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CSA Standard

B140.9.4-10 Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns

Published in February 2010 by Canadian Standards Association A not-for-profit private sector organization 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6 1-800-463-6727 • 416-747-4044

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ISBN 978-1-55491-339-8 Technical Editor: Laura Contasti © Canadian Standards Association — 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.

© Canadian Standards Association

Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns

Contents Technical Committee on Oil Burning Appliance Standards v Preface vii 1 Scope 1 2 Reference publications 1 3 Definitions 2 4 General requirements 2 5 Construction requirements 3 5.1 General 3 5.2 Gaskets 4 5.3 Legs 4 5.4 Lighting 4 5.5 Materials 4 5.6 Joints, compounds, and lubricants 5 5.7 Fuel piping and tubing 5 5.8 Burners 5 5.9 Primary air control 5 Orifices and orifice fittings 5 5.10 5.11 Manually operated fuel shut-off valves 6 5.12 Fuel valves 6 5.13 Refillable fuel tank 6 6 Instructions 7 7 Marking 9 8 Tests 11 8.1 General 11 8.2 Burner operation characteristics 12 8.3 Rated input capacity 13 8.4 Carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide 13 8.5 Gasket material 14 Resistance to wind 15 8.6 8.7 Temperature test 15 8.8 Temperature test with broken mantle 16 8.9 Rain test 17 8.10 Impact test 17 8.11 Corrosion resistance 18 8.12 Resistance to cold 18 8.13 Hydrostatic pressure 18 8.14 Pressurizing device closures 18 8.15 Overfilling of tanks 19 8.16 Marking material adhesion and legibility 19 Permanently attached marking tags 19 8.17 Tables

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— Test conditions 12

Figures 1 — Boxed warnings 8 2 — Sheet metal hood for combustion tests 14 3 — Enclosure for temperature test 16

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Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns

Technical Committee on Oil Burning Appliance Standards R. Smith

RS Consulting, Whitby, Ontario

Chair

T. Begoske

Field Controls LLC, Brighton, Michigan, USA

Vice-Chair

C. Baumgartner

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Ottawa, Ontario

B. Blouin

UTC Canada Corporation, Division ICP, Sherbrooke, Québec

H. Bouchard

Corporation des maîtres mécaniciens en tuyauterie du Québec, Montréal, Québec

K. Cabrera

The Coleman Company Inc., Wichita, Kansas, USA

R. Cane

Caneta Research, Mississauga, Ontario

M. Grandi

Riello Canada Incorporated, Mississauga, Ontario

E. Grzesik

Ontario Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, Toronto, Ontario

A. Hayden

Integrated Energy Systems, SBC CETCO, Ottawa, Ontario

A. Herzon

Nordyne Inc., O’Fallon, Missouri, USA

K. Johnson

Newmac Manufacturing Incorporated, Debert, Nova Scotia

P. McKay

Brampton, Ontario

R. Mossavi

Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc., Waterloo, Ontario

P. Rizcallah

National Research Council Canada, Canadian Codes Centre, Ottawa, Ontario

M. Robinet

ECR International Ltd., Olsen Division, Wallaceburg, Ontario

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Associate

Associate

Associate

Associate

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P. Scott

Central Yukon Region Consumer & Protective Services, Whitehorse, Yukon

D. Stewart

Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour, Halifax, Nova Scotia

R. Storey

Delaur Ltd., Oakville, Ontario

R. Sumabat

Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA), Toronto, Ontario

J. Willey

Superior Energy Systems, Derby, Kansas, USA

Associate

L. Contasti

Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, Ontario

Project Manager

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Associate

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Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns

Preface This is the second edition of CSA B140.9.4, Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns. It supersedes the previous edition, published in 1979. It is the third in a series of Standards covering minimum requirements for safe operation, acceptable performance, marking, and testing of portable, liquid-fuel-burning appliances. The other Standards in the series are (a) CSA B140.9.1, Portable liquid fuelled catalytic appliances; and (b) CSA B140.9.2, Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled camp stoves. Safe and satisfactory use of portable, liquid-fuelled appliances depends in part on correct operation and the burning of appropriate fuel. Although these appliances do not require installation and are generally self-contained, the intent and the definitions of the latest edition of CSA B139, Installation code for oil-burning equipment, should be applied to the use of this equipment. This Standard has been revised to reflect SI units as the primary measurement system and to update the instructions and marking requirements. This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Oil Burning Appliance Standards, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Fuel Burning Equipment, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. February 2010 Notes: (1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows. (2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. (3) This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication. (4) CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. (5) All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6. Requests for interpretation should (a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch; (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and (c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer. Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSA’s periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at www.csa.ca.

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B140.9.4-10 Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns 1 Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns with one or more burners. Note: The term “device” as used in this Standard refers to both lamps and lanterns as defined in Clause 3. The term “lamp” or “lantern” is used where specific reference is intended.

1.2 This Standard applies to devices intended for use outdoors only.

1.3 This Standard may be applied to devices using alcohol-type fuel with a pressurized fuel system.

1.4 The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.

1.5 In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

2 Reference publications This publication refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be the edition listed below: CSA (Canadian Standards Association) B139-09 Installation code for oil-burning equipment

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B140.0-03 (R2008) Oil-burning equipment: General requirements ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials) D471-06e1 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property — Effect of Liquids CGSB (Canadian General Standards Board) CAN/CGSB-3.3-2007 Kerosene CAN/CGSB-3.5-2004 Unleaded Automotive Gasoline CAN/CGSB-3.27-2005 Naphtha Fuel

3 Definitions In addition to the definitions in CSA B139, the following definitions shall apply in this Standard: Generator — a device designed to vaporize liquid fuel prior to combustion. Globe — a protective, transparent or translucent enclosure around a source of light. Lamp — a portable, self-contained appliance designed for providing illumination. Lantern — a portable, self-contained, and weatherproof appliance designed for providing illumination. Mantle — a hood of porous fabric enclosing the flame so that it gives incandescent light. Pressurized-type lamp or lantern — a type of lamp or lantern that requires the fuel in the fuel tank to be pressurized for operation. Note: The pressurization may be self-generated or achieved by any other method.

4 General requirements 4.1 Devices shall not produce carbon monoxide in excess of a 0.004 ratio of CO/CO2 when tested in accordance with Clause 8.4.

4.2 A lantern shall be constructed so that, when tested according to Clause 8.6, it will not be affected in any of the following ways by a wind up to 9 m/s (20 mph): (a) damage to a mantle; (b) burner outage; (c) flame emission, other than momentary, beyond the confines of the globe; or (d) flame impingement on components not impinged on in normal operation, except where such impingement does not induce any operating hazards.

4.3 A lamp shall meet the requirements specified in Clause 4.2, except that the wind shall be up to 4.47 m/s (10 mph).

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4.4 The maximum temperature on the combustible walls, floor, and ceiling of the test enclosure shall not exceed 90 °C (194°F) (total), based on an ambient temperature of 25 °C (77°F), when the device is tested in accordance with Clause 8.7 at the manufacturer’s specified clearances.

4.5 The fuel tank shall not leak when tested in accordance with Clause 8.13.

5 Construction requirements 5.1 General 5.1.1 Devices shall be constructed entirely of new parts and materials.

5.1.2 Types of material other than metal construction are the subject of special investigation.

5.1.3 Construction features and the quality of work shall be in conformity with acceptable engineering practices.

5.1.4 The device shall be easy to light, move shortly after being lit, operate, and handle without danger of cuts or burns to the hands when normal precautions are taken and the manufacturer’s recommended procedures are followed.

5.1.5 The device shall be constructed to be secure against displacement, distortion, warping, or other damage. It shall be constructed to maintain a fixed relationship between essential parts under normal and reasonable conditions of handling and usage. Parts not permanently secured shall be designed so that they cannot be readily assembled incorrectly and cannot be improperly located or misaligned while being replaced after cleaning or other servicing.

5.1.6 If any indication is observed during the tests prescribed in Clause 8 that the device will not continue to meet the applicable requirements of this Standard in normal usage, supplementary tests shall be conducted to ensure safe and satisfactory service.

5.1.7 A device designed or intended for alternative use (e.g., as a camp stove) shall also comply with the appropriate Standards governing that use.

5.1.8 All parts shall resist decomposition that would impair the safe operation of the device.

5.1.9 The device shall be constructed so that (a) incandescent particles are prevented from dropping onto combustible materials below the device; and

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(b) components that might retain sufficient heat to pose an ignition hazard to combustible materials below the device are secured mechanically so that the likelihood of their displacement is reduced to a minimum.

5.1.10 The design and construction of the device shall afford access to all parts that require regular adjustment or replacement.

5.1.11 The device shall be designed and constructed so that fuel in the liquid or vapour state is not emitted during operation of the device, as a result of any operating condition of pressure or temperature, except through the burner.

5.2 Gaskets 5.2.1 When gaskets are used, the material shall be compatible with the fuel vapours or liquids at operating temperatures and shall be satisfactory for the application as specified in Clause .

5.2.2 Gaskets used in an assembly that can be removed during normal use shall be captive.

5.3 Legs 5.3.1 When legs or supports are necessary to meet the requirements of this Standard, they shall be provided as parts of the device.

5.3.2 The device, when empty, full, or partially filled with any amount of fuel, shall be capable of being tipped in any direction, to an angle of 22.5° from the normal upright position, without overturning on being released.

5.4 Lighting 5.4.1 Devices shall be designed to provide for safe ignition and acceptable lighting of the burners.

5.4.2 Devices equipped with built-in ignition devices shall have provision for direct manual ignition.

5.4.3 Built-in devices for ignition of the burners shall be compatible with the ignition characteristics of the fuel and shall be considered part of the device for testing purposes.

5.5 Materials Metallic structural parts of devices shall have a minimum thickness of 0.45 mm [0.0179 in (26 gauge)] steel or be constructed so that they provide the rigidity and corrosion resistance necessary for their intended function.

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5.6 Joints, compounds, and lubricants 5.6.1 Compounds used in making joints shall be of a type suitable for use with the liquid petroleum fuels specified in this Standard.

5.6.2 Lubricants used in valves and controls shall be of a type suitable for use with the liquid petroleum fuels specified in this Standard and shall be capable of withstanding the service conditions to which they are subjected.

5.7 Fuel piping and tubing Fuel piping and tubing shall meet the requirements of CSA B140.0.

5.8 Burners 5.8.1 The burner shall not sag, distort, melt, or show leakage of fuel during any of the tests specified in this Standard.

5.8.2 Burners shall be designed for easy maintenance and cleaning without the use of special tools.

5.8.3 Burner supports shall be of rigid construction and shall be securely held in place.

5.9 Primary air control 5.9.1 When adjustable air shutters are used, means shall be provided to fix air shutters securely in any desired position. Air shutters shall be conveniently accessible for adjustment.

5.9.2 When adjustable air shutters are used, the shutters shall be designed so that they provide a safe minimum air opening beyond which the shutters cannot be closed, and this opening shall be shaped to minimize the likelihood of its being blocked.

5.9.3 Air shutters and locking screws, where used, shall be made of corrosion-resistant material or have a corrosion-resistant finish. Paint shall not be used on air shutters and locking screws.

5.10 Orifices and orifice fittings 5.10.1 Where the input is controlled by an orifice spud, a hood that can be adjusted, or an adjustable needle, the design shall be such that leakage cannot occur and there is a maximum open position beyond which the flow cannot be increased.

5.10.2 Orifice spuds or hoods shall be made of material capable of withstanding the temperatures to which they are subjected, and in all cases the material shall be capable of withstanding at least 538 °C (1000°F).

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5.11 Manually operated fuel shut-off valves 5.11.1 Devices shall be equipped with manually operated fuel shut-off valves that will provide positive shut-off of the fuel.

5.11.2 The shut-off valve shall be permanently marked on or adjacent to the handle to indicate the direction of rotation to close.

5.11.3 All valves shall close in a clockwise rotation.

5.12 Fuel valves 5.12.1 Fuel valves shall be designed so that it is impossible to withdraw the valve stem completely in the normal operation of the valve.

5.12.2 Where plastic knobs or handles are used on fuel valves, the plastic shall have heat-resistant characteristics equivalent to phenolic-type handles and knobs.

5.13 Refillable fuel tank 5.13.1 The fuel tank shall be designed and provided as part of the device and may be designed so that it can be removed from the device for refilling.

5.13.2 A removable fuel tank, when mounted on or attached to the device, shall be secure for all modes of normal operation or usage.

5.13.3 Fuel tanks shall be constructed of, or lined with, corrosion-resistant materials consistent with the fuel or fuels specified for use with the device when tested in accordance with Clause 8.11. Where a lining is used, it shall provide a uniform covering and be free from pin holes.

5.13.4 Fuel tanks shall be constructed of metal and shall be capable of withstanding the normal operating pressures of the device when it is operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (see Clauses 8.1.5 to 8.1.7).

5.13.5 The fuel tank shall be equipped with a readily accessible filler opening of at least 12.7 mm (0.5 in) diameter.

5.13.6 The fuel opening cap or plug shall be constructed so that when the internal pressure in the tank is released by its removal, the pressure is released before the cap or plug is removed completely and in a manner that will discharge the air or fuel vapour from the tank away from the burners.

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5.13.7 The filler cap or plug shall be located above the liquid level of the fuel when the tank is filled to its maximum normal capacity and is in its operating position.

5.13.8 The fuel tank shall be constructed so that it automatically ensures the retention of an air space of at least 15% of the total tank capacity for the expansion of fuel, when the tank is filled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

5.13.9 Fuel tanks with manual or automatic pressurizing devices shall be designed so that liquid fuel cannot escape through the pressurizing device during conditions of normal pressurization or discharging, when tested in accordance with Clause 8.14.

5.13.10 Fuel tanks with manual or automatic pressurizing devices shall be provided with manual closures in addition to the check valves.

6 Instructions Note: In Canada, some jurisdictions require that instructions be provided in both English and French.

6.1 The instructions shall be marked with directions to the consumer to retain them for future reference.

6.2 The safety-related items included in the instructions shall be prominently displayed and shall precede the instructions concerning the functional use of the device.

6.3 The front cover or the first page of the instructions shall bear the following warnings in boxed format (see Figure 1): (a) FOR YOUR SAFETY — Do not store or use gasoline or other liquids with flammable vapours in the vicinity of this or any other appliance.* (b) CARBON MONOXIDE HAZARD — This appliance can produce carbon monoxide, which has no odour. Using it in an enclosed space can kill you. Never use this appliance in an enclosed space such as a camper, tent, car, or home.† The letters used for the boxed safety warning specified in Item (a) shall be boldfaced type having a minimum upper case letter height of 3.05 mm (0.120 in). The minimum vertical spacing between lines of type shall be 1.17 mm (0.046 in). Lower case letters shall be compatible with the upper case letter size specification. The carbon monoxide warning specified in Item (b) shall be accompanied by the warning symbol shown in Figure 1. *The equivalent French wording is POUR VOTRE SÉCURITÉ — Ne pas entreposer ni utiliser d’essence ni d’autres vapeurs ou liquides inflammables à proximité de cet appareil ou de tout autre appareil. †The equivalent French wording is MONOXYDE DE CARBONE — Cet appareil peut produire du monoxyde de carbone, un gaz inodore. L’utilisation de cet appareil dans un espace clos peut entraîner la mort. Ne jamais utiliser cet appareil dans un espace clos comme un véhicule de camping, une tente, une automobile, ou une maison.

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FOR YOUR SAFETY Do not store or use gasoline or other liquids with flammable vapours in the vicinity of this or any other appliance.

DANGER CARBON MONOXIDE HAZARD This appliance can produce carbon monoxide, which has no odour. Using it in an enclosed space can kill you. Never use this appliance in an enclosed space such as a camper, tent, car, or home.

Figure 1 Boxed warnings (See Clauses 6.3 and 7.4.)

6.4 Each device shall be provided with detailed printed instructions and diagrams that contain at least the following: (a) manufacturer’s or distributor’s name and address, and the appliance model, type, or series number; (b) directions for proper assembly and for assembly of field-installed parts and accessories supplied with the device; (c) fuelling procedure; (d) type of fuel recommended; (e) procedure for preparing and attaching mantles; (f) lighting and operating procedures and, where applicable, the recommended amount of fuel to be used for lighting the device; (g) appropriate procedure for leak testing and a statement that the device shall not be exposed to flammable vapours or liquids during lighting and operation; (h) appropriate method for carrying the device during operation; (i) information specifying appropriate clearances from combustible material; (j) extinguishing procedures; (k) recommended procedure for transporting and storage; (l) maintenance instructions (including recommended frequency guidelines) with regard to (i) keeping the device area clear and free from combustible materials, gasoline, and other flammable vapours and liquids; (ii) not obstructing the flow of combustion and ventilation air; (iii) visually checking the burner flame, with reference to appropriate operating characteristics given in the maintenance instructions; and (iv) cleaning the device, including special surfaces, with recommended cleaning agents, if necessary; (m) information about obtaining replacement parts; and (n) appropriate procedures for storing liquid fuel.

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7 Marking Note: In Canada, some jurisdictions require that markings be provided in both English and French.

7.1 Marking material shall be identified by class number and shall meet the specifications given in this Clause. All metal marking materials shall be rustproof. All markings shall be suitable for application to the surfaces upon which they are applied and shall demonstrate suitable legibility as specified in Clause 8.16. The designation of any class of marking shall not preclude the use of marking of a lower number class. Class I, Integral marking Shall be embossed, cast, stamped, or otherwise formed in the part on which it is applied. This class includes markings baked into an enamelled surface. Class IIA-1, Permanent plate Shall be made of metal having a minimum thickness of 0.31 mm (0.012 in) and shall be securely attached by mechanical means. Class IIA-2, Permanent plate Shall be made of metal having a thickness of 0.15 to 0.31 mm (0.006 to 0.012 in) and shall have mechanical attachment means at all corners, with a maximum spacing of 152 mm (6 in) between mechanical fasteners. Class IIA-3, Permanent plate Shall be made of metal having a thickness less than 0.15 mm (0.006 in). Such plates shall be attached by means of non-water-soluble adhesive that meets the requirements specified in Clause 8.16. These materials shall not be located on surfaces having temperatures exceeding 149 C (300F), in accordance with the temperature test specified in Clause 8.7. Class IIA-4, Permanent plate Shall be made of pressure-sensitive metal foil requiring no solvent or activator and shall meet the requirements specified in Clause 8.16. These materials shall not be located on surfaces having temperatures exceeding 149 C (300F), in accordance with the temperature test specified in Clause 8.7. Class IIIA-1, Permanent label Shall be made of material not adversely affected by water, shall be attached by means of non-watersoluble adhesive, and shall meet the requirements specified in Clause 8.16. These materials shall not be located on surfaces having temperatures exceeding 149 C (300F), in accordance with the temperature test specified in Clause 8.7 Class IIIA-2, Permanent label Shall be made of material not adversely affected by water, shall be attached by means of non-watersoluble adhesive, and shall meet the requirements specified in Clause 8.16. These materials shall not be located on surfaces having temperatures exceeding 79.5 C (175F), in accordance with the temperature test specified in Clause 8.7. Class IIIA-3, Permanent tag Shall be made of material not adversely affected by water, shall be attached by means of flexible-type fasteners, and shall meet the requirements specified in Clauses 7.2 and 8.16. These materials shall not be located where they will be exposed to temperatures exceeding 51.7 C (125F), in accordance with the temperature test specified in Clause 8.7.

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Class IIIB, Waterproof marking Shall be printed directly on the part, shall not be adversely affected by a temperature of 79.5 C (175F), and shall meet the requirements specified in Clause 8.16. These markings shall not be used on surfaces having temperatures exceeding 79.5 C (175F), in accordance with the temperature test specified in Clause 8.7. See Clause 7.3 Class IIIC, Waterproof label Shall be made of material that is not soluble in water; may use water-soluble adhesive for attachment means. Class IV, Semi-permanent plate or label Shall be made of material that may be soluble in water, and may use water-soluble adhesive for attachment means. Class V, Printed marking Shall be clear and prominent and may be applied directly by any printing means. Class VI, Attached tags

7.2 On an appliance designed such that space does not permit appropriate location of markings, they may be furnished on a metal tag or a Class IIIA-3 permanent tag attached to the appliance. Flexible-type fasteners that are used to permanently attach markings to devices shall be in accordance with the following: (a) Flexible-type fasteners shall be permanently secured by tamper-resistant mechanical means, such as screws or rivets, to the marking plate or tag and to a part of the device that is not removed for servicing. (b) Flexible-type fasteners shall not be attached to a fuel-carrying component, unless the fuel-carrying component withstands the test specified in Clause 8.17.2. (c) Flexible-type fasteners and marking tags shall be capable of withstanding the pull test specified in Clause 8.17.1. (d) Flexible-type fasteners shall be made of materials suitable for the temperatures to which they are exposed during normal operation of the devices. (e) Markings secured to the appliances by a flexible-type fastener shall carry the statement, “Do not remove”*. *The equivalent French wording is “Ne pas enlever”.

7.3 Each device shall bear a Class IIIB marking that is clearly and permanently marked with the following: (a) manufacturer’s or distributor’s name and location; (b) manufacturer’s or distributor’s model number; (c) manufacturer’s or distributor’s serial number, lot number, date stamp, or code that will identify the appliance; (d) manufacturer’s minimum and maximum input rating in watts (Btu/h), as applicable; (e) type of fuel; (f) top and side minimum clearances to combustible materials as measured from the centre of the mantle; (g) indication of compliance with this Standard by the marking “CSA B140.9.4”; (h) the statement “FOR OUTDOOR USE ONLY”*; (i) the statement “Do not operate with a broken mantle”†; (j) instructions for filling, pressurizing, lighting, and extinguishing; and (k) Valve markings, in accordance with Clause 5.11.2. *The equivalent French wording is “POUR UTILISATION À L’EXTÉRIEUR UNIQUEMENT”. †The equivalent French wording is “Ne pas utiliser si le manchon est cassé”.

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Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns

7.4 The boxed carbon monoxide hazard warning label shown in Figure 1 shall be marked on a Class IIIA material and located where it can easily be seen by the user.

8 Tests 8.1 General 8.1.1 The test fuels shall comply with the following CGSB Standards as applicable to the type of fuel recommended by the manufacturer: (a) For naphtha, see CAN/CGSB-3.27. (b) For kerosene, see CAN/CGSB-3.3. (c) For unleaded automotive gasoline, see CAN/CGSB-3.5.

8.1.2 The device shall be operated through one complete filling of the fuel tank before testing.

8.1.3 Unless otherwise specified in this Standard, tests shall be conducted at an ambient temperature of 21 ± 2.7 °C (70 ± 5°F).

8.1.4 Tests shall be conducted at the normal operating pressure of the device or as specified by the manufacturer.

8.1.5 To confirm the manufacturer’s specified operating pressure, the fuel tank shall be filled with fuel according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The fuel tank shall be pressurized and the device put into operation for 5 min, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After 5 min of operation, the pressure in the fuel tank shall be within ±10% of the normal operating pressure specified by the manufacturer.

8.1.6 If the pressure determined in Clause 8.1.5 is less than 90% or more than 110% of the normal pressure specified by the manufacturer, the pressure so determined shall be considered the normal test pressure for the purpose of all tests.

8.1.7 For testing purposes, devices shall be equipped with (a) a manually pressurized fuel tank and system pressurized continuously by means of an externally regulated compressed air system; or (b) an automatically or semi-automatically pressurized fuel tank and system pressurized by its own pressure system. Note: A fuel tank filler cap or plug tapped with a 1/8 in IPT female thread should be available to accept a pressure gauge supplied by the certification body.

8.1.8 Tests shall be conducted under the following conditions as indicated in Table 1: (a) normal test pressure as determined in Clauses 8.1.4 to 8.1.6; (b) 50% of normal test pressure (low); (c) 125% of normal test pressure (high); and

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(d) closed system, where the pressure is allowed to vary as a result of operating conditions, without any external regulation introduced for the purpose of the test.

Table 1 Test conditions (See Clause 8.1.8.)

Test

Clause

Normal pressure

Low pressure

High pressure

Closed

CO/CO2

8.4

X

X

X

X

Burner operation characteristics

8.2

X

X

X

—

Wind

8.6

X

—

—

—

Temperature (clearance)

8.7

—

—

X

—

Broken mantle

8.8

Start

—

—

X

Impact

8.10

X

—

—

—

Rain

8.9

X

—

—

—

8.1.9 Adjustable orifices, where provided, shall be at the maximum flow position.

8.1.10 When a primary air control is provided, it shall be adjusted to give optimum illumination at maximum fuel flow position. Burner ratings and primary air adjustments shall not be changed during a series of tests on any single test fuel.

8.1.11 When the device is in operation under all test conditions specified in this Standard, tank pressures shall not exceed 150 % of the maximum test pressures specified in Clause 8.1.8.

8.2 Burner operation characteristics 8.2.1 Burners shall not flash back, i.e., ignite upstream of the burner port, at any test pressure (a) on immediate ignition; or (b) on a delayed ignition of 2 to 5 s.

8.2.2 Burners shall not flare up excessively on ignition. This requirement shall be deemed met if the ignition flame height does not exceed 380 mm (15 in) above the mantle for more than 5 s. Normal operation shall result within 60 s.

8.2.3 During any test specified in this Standard, the burners shall operate without depositing carbon in amounts that would have an adverse effect on the operation of the device for extended periods. Light accumulation of carbon on the generator shall not constitute failure to meet this requirement.

8.2.4 Burners shall not expel fuel through air shutters in mixer bases at normal test pressure or at other pressures only high enough to support combustion at the ports.

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8.3 Rated input capacity 8.3.1 The device shall be placed on a wooden platform on a weigh scale.

8.3.2 The device shall be operated at its normal maximum fuel pressure in accordance with Clause 8.1.4. After a 15 min warm-up period, the rated input capacity in watts (Btu/h) shall be based on the consumption rate determined from the average of three consecutive readings taken at 15 min intervals.

8.4 Carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide 8.4.1 A combustion hood (see Figure 2) provided with adjustable legs shall be placed over the device. With the edge of the combustion hood located at least 127 mm (5 in) above the source of light, the flame shall be observed. The hood shall be lowered in small increments, preferably of 12.7 mm (1/2 in), while a constant observation of the flame is maintained. As soon as any noticeable change in the flame occurs, the hood shall be raised 12.7 mm (1/2 in). With the hood at this height, a sample of the flue gases shall be secured from the outlet of the hood and analyzed for carbon dioxide. The outlet area of the hood may be gradually reduced to obtain as high a carbon dioxide percentage as possible without altering the flame characteristics.

8.4.2 After the device has been in operation for 5 min at normal pressure, samples of the flue gases shall be secured from the hood vent when the device is operating at the reduced and increased pressures. The samples shall be analyzed for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

8.4.3 The CO/CO2 ratio shall not exceed that specified in Clause 4.1.

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125 mm (5 in)

125 mm (5 in)

Opening

475 mm (19 in)

275 mm (11 in)

500 mm (20 in) 500 mm (20 in)

Figure 2 Sheet metal hood for combustion tests (See Clause 8.4.1.)

8.5 Gasket material 8.5.1 Gasket material shall not crack, harden, shrink, swell, lose weight, or otherwise deteriorate sufficiently to permit leakage when (a) exposed for 96 h to oxygen at a gauge pressure of 2068.4 kPa (300 psi) and at a temperature of 70 °C (158°F); and (b) immersed for 70 h in ASTM Reference Fuel C (see ASTM D471) and ASTM Nos. 1 and 3 swelling oils. A different sample gasket shall be exposed to each test medium.

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Portable, pressurized-type, liquid-petroleum-fuelled lamps and lanterns

8.5.2 Compressibility of a gasket material shall be expressed as a percentage, based on 100 times the actual measured compression divided by the original thickness, when the gasket is compressed by a uniformly distributed load of 3447.3 kPa (500 psi) for 5 min. The gasket shall be loaded until the specified load is maintained for the specified time.

8.5.3 Gaskets shall show no cracking when examined after bending through 180° around a 25.4 mm (1 in) diameter mandrel at a bend rate of approximately 90°/s at –40 ± 1 °C (–40 ± 2°F). The test gaskets and the 25.4 mm (1 in) diameter cylindrical bend test mandrel shall be kept at a temperature of –40 ± 1 °C (–40 ± 2°F) for at least 2 h before testing. Gaskets having a diameter of 19 mm (3/4 in) and smaller shall be tested as above except that the mandrel diameter shall be 12.7 mm (1/2 in).

8.6 Resistance to wind 8.6.1 Lanterns shall meet the requirements of Clause 4.2. Lamps shall meet the requirements of Clause 4.3.

8.6.2 The device shall be suspended by its bale so that it is free to swing and shall be operated for 5 min. Wind at the specified uniform velocity shall then be applied horizontally from the directions deemed to be the most adverse, for 10 min in each direction.

8.6.3 Another series of tests shall be conducted with wind velocities fluctuating between approximately 2.2 m/s (5 mph) and the maximum specified in Clauses 4.2 and 4.3. The fluctuation cycle shall be 30 s or less.

8.7 Temperature test 8.7.1 The temperatures on components of the device and on its surroundings shall not exceed those permitted by CSA B140.0.

8.7.2 The tests shall be conducted (a) with the device suspended, with the side and top clearances specified in the markings on the device (see Figure 3); or (b) with the device standing on a surface, with the side clearances specified in the markings on the device (see Figure 3).

8.7.3 The tests shall be conducted until equilibrium is reached, as indicated by three consecutive temperature readings at 15 min intervals. The fuel tank shall be promptly refilled as required to continue operation.

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To ceiling

To wall

To wall

To wall

To wall

Note: All dimensions from centre of mantle.

Figure 3 Enclosure for temperature test (See Clause 8.7.2.)

8.8 Temperature test with broken mantle 8.8.1 The requirements of Clause 8.7.1 shall be deemed to be met when the device is operated with a damaged mantle except that the temperatures shall not exceed those permitted by Condition B of CSA B140.0.

8.8.2 The mantle shall be broken at a location deemed to impose the most severe temperatures on a component or surroundings.

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8.9 Rain test 8.9.1 The lantern shall continue to operate without globe breakage, flame-out, flame roll-out, or emission of fuel, as specified in Clause 4.2, when subjected to a simulated rain test.

8.9.2 The lantern shall be operated for 5 min while placed on the floor.

8.9.3 Artificial rain shall be applied, at an angle of approximately 45° to the vertical, to the top and sides of the lantern in the direction most likely to cause water to enter the enclosures and fittings.

8.9.4 The rain shall be applied for 30 min and at the rate of 3 mm/min (0.118 in/min).

8.9.5 The rain nozzles shall be a minimum of 1.5 m (5 ft) above the unit.

8.9.6 The rate of rainfall shall be determined by measuring the rise of water in a small straight-sided pan placed horizontally and completely within the area covered by the rain.

8.10 Impact test 8.10.1 The device shall not emit fuel, except through the burner, after being subjected to the impact test. Closure of the fuel control valve after the test shall shut off all fuel flow.

8.10.2 The impact shall be applied by a pendulum to a lighted device that has been in operation for at least 5 min prior to this test.

8.10.3 The device shall be suspended, by the means provided on the device, on a rope attached to the same plane that supports the pendulum to provide a 25.4 mm (1 in) clearance between the pendulum weight and the point of impact on the device when each is in the “at rest” position. The point of impact shall be opposite the vertical axis of the device and 25.4 mm (1 in) above the plane of the base of the device.

8.10.4 The pendulum weight shall consist of a flat piece of canvas filled with dry sand to a total weight of 3.2 kg (7 lb), with the sides and corners of the canvas drawn tightly up and together and securely tied into an approximately spherical shape. The pendulum shall be suspended by a rope so that the radius of swing is 1.5 m (5 ft).

8.10.5 The pendulum weight shall be raised along its arc to a distance of 1 m (39 in) clear of the point of impact and then released.

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8.11 Corrosion resistance 8.11.1 A fuel tank shall be pressurized to 125% of the normal test pressure specified in Clause 8.1.6 and maintained at that pressure for 30 min, after which the pressure shall be released.

8.11.2 The fuel tank shall be cut approximately in half along a horizontal plane. The interior of the bottom half of the tank shall be subjected to a salt spray consisting of a 5% NaCl fog at 38 °C (100°F).

8.11.3 After 96 h of exposure to the salt spray specified in Clause 8.11.2, the interior surface shall show no corrosion. Corrosion caused by damage to the interior surface or lining as a result of cutting the tank in half shall be ignored.

8.12 Resistance to cold The device shall be exposed for at least 6 h to a temperature of –18 °C (0°F), removed to a normal room temperature, pressurized, and lighted without delay. There shall be no uncontrolled emission of fuel.

8.13 Hydrostatic pressure 8.13.1 The fuel tank, with normal fittings and closures secured, shall not leak or distort when pressurized with water, to which a dye has been added, at twice the normal pressure specified in Clause 8.1.6 or 140 kPa (20 psi), whichever is the greater, and with the pressure maintained for 20 min.

8.13.2 With the openings plugged, the tank shall not leak but may distort when pressurized to 10 times the normal pressure as specified in Clause 8.1.6, and with the pressure maintained for 20 min.

8.14 Pressurizing device closures 8.14.1 Fuel tanks with manual or automatic pressurizing devices shall be designed so that liquid fuel cannot escape through the pressurizing device in the event of failure of all check valves and closures in the pressurizing system, with the tank in the normal operating position.

8.14.2 The fuel tank shall be filled with water, mounted on the appliance, and pressurized according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

8.14.3 When the tank is pressurized, the pumping or pressurizing device and its component parts, such as a check valve, shall be manipulated to release pressure from the tank.

8.14.4 There shall be no leakage of water.

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8.15 Overfilling of tanks The fuel tank shall be filled in the manner recommended by the manufacturer. Any evidence of overfilling that would impair the safe operation of the appliance shall be deemed a failure of this test (see Clause 5.13.8).

8.16 Marking material adhesion and legibility The adhesive quality of Class IIA-3, IIA-4, IIIA-1, and IIIA-2 marking materials and the legibility of all Class II, IIIA, and IIIB marking materials (see Clause 7.1) shall not be adversely affected when the marking materials are exposed to heat and moisture as specified in the following method of test: (a) Adhesive-type marking materials shall be applied to the particular type of finish used on the device in production. A sample metal panel of this finish shall be cleaned with a solvent and dried. Half of the panel shall be wiped with a clean cloth lightly oiled with SAE 30 medium machine oil. Two samples of marking material shall be applied to the panel, one on the dry area and one on the oiled area. Test samples shall be applied with firm pressure unless the manufacturer’s application instructions specify otherwise. All samples shall be allowed to set for 24 h at room temperature. Each sample of marking material shall exhibit (i) good adhesion and no curling at the edges; (ii) no illegible or defaced printing after rubbing with thumb or finger pressure; and (iii) good adhesion when a dull metal blade (e.g., the back of a pocketknife blade) is held at 90° to the applied marking and scraped across the edges of the marking. (b) Non-adhesive-type marking materials shall exhibit no illegible or defaced printing when rubbed with thumb or finger pressure. Two samples of marking material shall be tested. (c) Samples shall then be placed in an oven for 14 d with the oven temperature maintained at (i) 176.5 C (350F) for Class IIA-1, IIA-2, IIA-3, IIA-4, and IIIA-1 marking materials; (ii) 121 C (250F) for Class IIIA-2 and IIIB marking materials; or (iii) 79.5 C (175F) for Class IIIA-3 marking materials. (d) Following the oven test, adhesion and legibility of the samples shall be checked again as specified in Items (a) and (b). (e) Samples shall then be immersed in water for 24 h, after which adhesion and legibility shall be rechecked as specified in Items (a) and (b). Good adhesion and legibility shall be obtained under all of the test conditions specified in this Clause.

8.17 Permanently attached marking tags 8.17.1 Marking tags that are attached to the device with a flexible-type fastener in accordance with Clause 7.2 shall not become detached from the device when tested as follows: An 11 kg (25 lb) weight shall be securely attached to the marking tag in such a way that it does not interfere with the attachment of the marking tag to the flexible-type fastener. The device shall be securely supported above the floor a sufficient distance to allow the flexible-type fastener, marking tag, and attached weight to hang straight down without impact and without touching the floor for 60 s. The marking tag shall not become detached from the device.

8.17.2 Marking tags that are attached to fuel-carrying components with a flexible-type fastener in accordance with Clause 7.2(b) shall not cause damage or leakage to any of the device’s fuel-carrying components when tested as follows: A 23 kg (50 lb) weight shall be securely attached to the marking tag in such a way that it does not interfere with the attachment of the marking tag to the flexible-type fastener. The device shall be securely supported above the floor a sufficient distance to allow the flexible-type fastener, marking tag, and attached weight to hang straight down without impact and without touching the floor for 60 s. The marking tag may become detached from the device, but there shall be no evidence of damage to or leakage from any of the device’s fuel-carrying components.

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