Criminal investigation in the USA

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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ КАЗЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «МОСКОВСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ МВД РОССИИ ИМЕНИ В.Я.КИКОТЯ»

Г.М.Мжельская Е.А.Хмирова О.М.Серебрякова

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IN THE USA Учебное пособие

Москва 2017

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Составители: старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Мжельская Г.М., старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Хмирова Е.А., кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков Серебрякова О.М. - М., 2017, - с.

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Пояснительная записка Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для курсантов

Института-

факультета подготовки сотрудников органов предварительного расследования Московского университета МВД им. В.Я. Кикотя. Данное пособие знакомит обучающихся с процессом расследования уголовных дел в Соединенных Штатах

Америки,

помогает

овладеть

основами

юридической

лексики

английского языка и грамматическими структурами, характерными для правовых текстов. В пособие включены тексты по темам «Предварительное следствие в США», «Работа

патрульного

полицейского

на

месте

преступления»,

«Место

преступления как источник информации для предварительного следствия». Результатом работы над уроком является умение беседовать по теме урока, знанием активного словаря урока, умение переводить тексты, близкие по сложности и тематике, с английского языка на русский.

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CONTENTS

PART I. Foundation of criminal investigation UNIT 1. The objectives of criminal investigation…………………………………5 UNIT 2. The emergence of the police specialists………………………………...16 UNIT 3. Types of investigations……………………………………………….…25 UNIT 4. Modes of investigation………………………………………………….34 PART II. Preliminary investigation UNIT 5. The term Preliminary investigation…………………………………...43 UNIT 6.The preliminary investigation. Part 1………………………………….50 UNIT 7. The preliminary investigation. Part 2…………………………………57 UNIT 8. The patrol officer as an investigator…………………………………..64 UNIT 9. The crime scene response………………………………………………70 UNIT 10. The functions of the police officer during the preliminary investigation……………………………………………………76 PART III. The crime scene UNIT 11. Obtaining basic information at the crime scene……………………..82 UNIT 12. Interviewing witnesses……………………………………………….88 UNIT 13. Crime scene field notes……………………….………………………97 UNIT 14. Detailed information of the field notes……………………………..103 UNIT 15. Writing the official police report……………………………………112 UNIT 16. The process of the report writing …………………………………..119 UNIT 17. Documenting interviews …………………………………………….124 UNIT 18. The initial complaint………………………………………………....131 UNIT 19. Supplemental reports………………………………………………...139 4

PART I. FOUNDATION OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION Unit I. The Objectives of Criminal Investigation

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: criminal, nature, activity, role, locate, identify, document, arrest, suspects in crimes, various, resource, informant, information, technological, collection, preservation, train, technique. 2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: objectives, an investigation, activity, an investigator, a crime, a suspect, glass, skin, evidence, property, a case, a prosecution, a premise, a mistake, a burglar, a fiber, a rapist, fingerprints, tissue, semen, blood, a result, oversights, a resource, a field, a degree, a witness, an informant, information, advances, collection, a resource, preservation, training, experience, techniques, of investigation, extent, a violation, a department.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs:

5

to imagine, to detect, to locate, to identify, to document, to preserve, to arrest, to recover, to prepare, to commit, crimes, to leave, to know, to look for, to draw on, to require, to investigate, to depend, to prioritize, to make mistakes. 4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: changing, criminal, complex, stolen, sound, broken, clothing, various, firsthand, technological, own, particular, available.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations: the changing nature; criminal activity; the criminal investigation; the objectives of criminal investigation; to detect crime; to locate a suspect; to identify a suspect; to locate evidence; to document evidence; to preserve evidence; to arrest suspects; stolen property; to recover stolen property; a criminal case; to prepare sound criminal cases for prosecution; the criminal investigation field; to commit a crime;

broken

glass; clothing fibers; to leave fingerprints; to leave skin tissue; to leave semen; to leave blood; as a result; the criminal investigator; to look for evidence;

various

resources; firsthand information; technological advances; evidence collection; evidence preservation; investigative techniques; in summary; particular violation; to depend on resources.

6. Read and translate the following definitions of the words: 1. A criminal is a person who regularly commits crimes. 2. An investigator is someone who carries out investigations, especially as part of their job. 3. A crime is an illegal action or activity for which a person can be punished by law. 4. Evidence is the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid 5. A witness is a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place. 6. An investigation is the action of investigating something or someone; formal or systematic examination or research. 6

7. To detect something means to find it or discover that it is present somewhere by using equipment or making an investigation. 8. Fingerprint is an impression or mark made on a surface by a person's fingertip, able to be used for identifying individuals from the unique pattern of whorls and lines on the fingertips

7. Translate the following word combinations using participles: - property stolen by criminals; - people committing crimes; - a burglar leaving clothing fibers; - a rapist leaving skin tissue; - resources available to the department.

8. Read and translate the text into Russian.

The Objectives of Criminal Investigation Because of the changing nature of criminal activity and the role of the investigator, the objectives of the criminal investigation may be more complex than people imagine. The objectives of criminal investigations are to: -detect crime; -locate and identify suspects in crimes; -locate, document, and preserve evidence in crimes; -arrest suspects in crimes; -recover stolen property; -prepare sound criminal cases for prosecution.

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The premise behind the criminal investigation field is that people make mistakes while committing crimes. For example, a burglar may leave behind broken glass or clothing fibers; a rapist may leave fingerprints, skin tissue, semen, or blood. As a result of these oversights, evidence of who they are is also left behind. It is the job of the criminal investigator to know how, when, and where to look for such evidence. In doing so, he or she must be able to draw on various resources, such as: -witnesses and informants, for firsthand information about the crime; -technological advances in evidence collection and preservation; -their own training and experience in investigative techniques. In summary, almost all crimes require some degree of investigation.

9. Read the text and find the following words and word combinations in it: уголовное расследование; уголовная деятельность; совершить преступление; информация, полученная из первых рук; технический прогресс; сбор улик; сохранение улик; сохранить улики; арестовать подозреваемого; расследовать преступление; устанавливать местонахождение подозреваемого; опознавать подозреваемого;

задокументировать

улики;

украденная

собственность;

возвращать украденную собственность; подготовить уголовное дело для судебного преследования; совершать ошибки; совершить преступление; 8

разбитое стекло; оставить отпечатки пальцев; оставить нити одежды; оставить частички кожи, спермы, крови; искать улики; свидетель; следователь; цель уголовного расследования; взломщик; насильник; информация, полученная из первых рук; следственные методы; конкретное нарушение. 10. Match the following synonyms: 1. criminal

a) an offense, violation, delinquency

2. an investigator

b) a crime

3. objective

c) a housebreaker, a picklock

4. investigation

d) clues

5. a crime

e) to see

6. to arrest

f) difficult

7. property

g) felonious, penal

8. a burglar

h) work

9. various

i) to save

10. to witness

g) to apprehend

11. a violation

k) examining magistrate

12. complex

l) inquiry

13. to preserve

m) can

14. evidence

n) different

15. job

o) a goal, a purpose

16. to be able

p) belonging

11. Match the following definitions: 1. a criminal

a) to find it or discover that it is present somewhere by using equipment or making an investigation

2. activity

b) an unintentional failure to notice or do something

3. evidence

c) a thing or things belonging to someone 9

4. to preserve

d) to seize (someone) by legal authority and take them into custody

5. a witness

e) someone who carries out a formal inquiry, especially as part of their job

6. to arrest

f) illegal entry of a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft

7. a crime

g) the crime, typically committed by a man, of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse with the offender against their will

8. prosecution

h) to discover the exact place or position of

9. an oversight

i) a piece of evidence or information used in the detection of a crime or solving of a mystery

10. to commit

j) a person who has committed a crime

11. to locate

k)marks made by a person's fingers which show the lines on the skin. Everyone's fingerprints are different, so they can be used to identify criminals

12. property

l) to establish or indicate who or what (someone or something) is

13. a burglary

m) the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid

14. to detect

n) a situation in which a lot of things are happening or being done

something 15. a rape

o) an illegal action or activity for which a person can be punished by law

16. to identify

p) a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place

17. a clue

q) the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge

18. fingerprints

r) to maintain (something) in its original or existing state

19. an investigator

s) to perpetrate or carry out (a mistake, crime, or immoral act)

12. Try to match up the words in column A with the words in column B to form meaningful phrases and translate them into Russian: A

1. criminal 2. to detect

B

a) fibers b) a crime 10

3. to locate 4. to document 5. stolen 6. first-hand 7. to collect 8. technological 9. to make 10. clothing

c) a mistake d) the evidence e) advances f) activity g) property h) evidence i) a suspect j) information

13. Study the English phrases with the word “evidence” and make up your own sentences using these word combinations: 1.

circumstantial evidence [ˌsɜːkəm'stæn(t)ʃ(ə)l] косвенные доказательства, косвенные улики

2.

admissible evidence

[əd'mɪsəbl]

допустимое доказательство; показание, допустимое в качестве доказательства в суде

3.

ample evidence

['æmpl]

вполне достаточные данные, вполне достаточные доказательства

4.

cogent evidence

['kəuʤ(ə)nt]

убедительные улики; убедительное, неоспоримое доказательство

5.

compelling evidence

[kəm'pelɪŋ]

убедительные улики; убедительное свидетельство

6.

convincing evidence

[kən'vɪn(t)sɪŋ]

убедительные улики

7.

concrete evidence

['kɔŋkriːt]

конкретные улики, конкретное доказательство

8.

cumulative evidence

['kjuːmjələtɪv]

совокупность улик, доказательств

9.

direct evidence

[dɪ'rekt]

прямые доказательства, прямые улики

[hɑːd]

веские доказательства

10. hard evidence

11

11. hearsay evidence

['hɪəseɪ]

показания с чужих слов; свидетельство, основанное на слухах

12. inadmissible evidence

[ˌɪnəd'mɪsəbl]

не принимаемое судом доказательств, недопустимое доказательство

13. indisputable evidence

[ˌɪndɪ'spjuːtəbl]

неоспоримые улики, бесспорные доказательства

14. irrefutable evidence

[ˌɪrɪ'fjuːtəbl]

неоспоримые улики, бесспорные доказательства, неопровержимые доказательства

15. undeniable evidence

[ˌʌndɪ'naɪəbl]

неоспоримые улики, бесспорные доказательства

16. unquestionable evidence [ʌn'kwesʧənəbl]

неоспоримые улики, бесспорные доказательства

17. documentary evidence

[ˌdɔkju'ment(ə)rɪ]

документальное доказательство, письменное доказательство, документально подтверждённое свидетельство

18. material evidence

[mə'tɪərɪəl]

существенные показания, вещественные доказательства

19. prima facie evidence

['priːmə feɪʃi]

1) презумпция доказательства 2) доказательство, достаточное при отсутствии опровержения , достаточно достоверные доказательства (для обвинения)

20. reliable evidence

[rɪ'laɪəbl]

надёжные доказательства, достоверное 12

доказательство 21. trustworthy evidence

['trʌstˌwɜːðɪ]

надёжные доказательства

22. satisfactory evidence

[ˌsætɪs'fækt(ə)rɪ]

достаточные, убедительные доказательства

23. strong evidence

[strɔŋ]

убедительное, веское доказательство

24. substantial evidence

[səb'stæn(t)ʃ(ə)l]

существенное, важное доказательство

25. telltale evidence

['telteɪl]

явная улика

14. Insert prepositions from the box into the sentences consulting the text: for (2), in, of (2), behind

1) One ___ the objectives of criminal investigations are to locate and identify suspects ___ crimes. 2) Sometimes a burglar may leave _____ broken glass or clothing fibers. 3) The job ___ the criminal investigator is to know how, when, and where to look ___ the evidence. 4) The investigators have to prepare sound cases ___ prosecution.

15. Answer the questions: 1) What are the objectives of the criminal investigations? 2) What kind of evidence can people leave while committing crimes? 3) Who is to know how to look for evidence? 4) What resources does the criminal investigator use? VOCABULARY 1.

an objective

[əb'ʤektɪv ]

цель

2.

an investigation

[ɪnvestɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n]

расследование, следствие

3.

criminal

['krɪmɪn(ə)l]

преступный; криминальный, уголовный

4.

an investigator

[ɪn'vestɪgeɪtə]

следователь

5.

complex

['kɔmpleks]

трудноразрешимый, сложный; 13

запутанный 6.

to detect

[dɪ'tekt]

раскрывать, расследовать преступление

7.

a crime

[kraɪm]

преступление; злодеяние, нарушение, правонарушение

8.

to locate

[ləu'keɪt]

определять место, местонахождение

9.

to identify

[aɪ'dentɪfaɪ]

опознавать, распознавать; устанавливать личность

10. a suspect

['sʌspekt]

подозреваемый или подозрительный человек

11. to arrest

[ə'rest]

арестовывать, задерживать

12. to recover

[rɪ'kʌvə]

вновь обретать; возвращать, получать обратно

13. stolen

['stəulən]

похищенный; украденный

14. property

['prɔpətɪ]

имущество; собственность

15. a case

[keɪs]

дело

16. prosecution

[prɔsɪ'kjuːʃ(ə)n]

а) судебное преследование б) предъявление иска в) (the prosecution) обвинение (сторона в судебном процессе)

17. to commit

[kə'mɪt]

совершать (правонарушение, плохой поступок)

18. a burglar

['bɜːglə]

человек, незаконно проникший в помещение (с целью совершения преступления) ; вор-домушник; взломщик

19. a fiber

[faɪbə]

нить

20. a rapist

['reɪpɪst]

насильник; виновный в изнасиловании

21. fingerprints

['fɪŋgəprɪnts]

отпечатки пальцев

22. tissue

['tɪʃuː]

ткань

23. semen

['siːmən]

cперма, семя

24. blood

[blʌd]

кровь

25. an oversight

['əuvəsaɪt]

недосмотр, оплошность, упущение

26. evidence

['evɪd(ə)n(t)s]

улики 14

27. various

['veərɪəs]

различный, разный, разнообразный

28. a witness

['wɪtnəs]

свидетель, очевидец

29. an informant

[ɪn'fɔːmənt]

информант

30. firsthand

(first- [ˌfɜːst'hænd]

полученный из первых рук

hand) 31. firsthand information

информация, полученная из первых рук

32. technological advances

технический прогресс

33. collection

[kə'lekʃ(ə)n]

накопление, сбор, собирание

34. preservation

[ˌprezə'veɪʃ(ə)n]

сохранение

35. investigative techniques

следственные методы

36. in summary

подводя итог вышесказанному; итак, таким образом

37. to require

[rɪ'kwaɪə]

нуждаться (в чём-л.) ; требовать (чего-л.)

38.

[ɪk'spɪərɪən(t)s]

опыт

39. a violation

[ˌvaɪə'leɪʃ(ə)n]

нарушение

40.

[ə'veɪləbl]

доступный;

experience available

имеющийся

в

распоряжении, наличный 41.

to prioritize

[praɪ'ɔrɪtaɪz]

отдавать предпочтение; уделять первостепенное внимание

42.

a department

[dɪ'pɑːtmənt]

отдел; отделение; управление;

43.

to document

['dɔkjumənt]

подтверждать документами; документировать

44.

to preserve

[prɪ'zɜːv]

сохранять, сберегать

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Unit 2. The Emergence of the Police Specialists

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: process, criminal, structure, typically, division, agency, officer, crime, specialize, function, fact, detective, division, category, person, auto, prostitution, financial, resource, patrol, officer, type, file, police, operation, traditional, historical, method, official, photographs, oppose, contact, specialist, personnel, rank.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: an emergence, process, a criminal, a division, an agency, a responsibility, a law, an officer, order, a crime, a department, a squad, a function, a fact, a category, drug, a rape, a person, an assault, a robbery, property, a burglary, a larceny, a vice, auto theft, violation, a gambling, prostitution, a resource, an investigation, a duty, a type, a homicide, an investigator, a lead, an interview, a friend, a family, an associate, a victim, a witness, a case, a file, police, a record, a suspect, mode, operation, a method, detection, a photograph, a fingerprint, a contact, citizenry, a specialist, experience, work, a detective, personnel, a rank, practice.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: to structure, to follow, to exist, to maintain, to investigate, to perform, to lack, to specialize, to conduct, to develop, to sift, to establish, to use, to oppose, to daily face-to-face contacts with the citizenry, to patrol, to promote.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: law enforcement, investigative, different, rural, financial, patrol, criminal,

prior,

police, traditional, historical, official, daily, face-to-face contacts with the citizenry, considerable, former, common.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations: 16

the police specialist; law enforcement agencies; to maintain order; to investigate crimes; specialized squads; to perform the investigative function;

crimes against

persons; crimes against property; auto theft; drug violation; rural departments; to lack financial resources; a patrol officer; to conduct investigation; patrol duties; to develop leads; to investigate a rape; to investigate an assault; to investigate a robbery; to investigate a burglary; to investigate a larceny; to investigate an auto theft; to interview friends, family, and associates of the victim; a witness of the crime; investigative leads; to sift through files and prior police records ; the investigative process; to use the official records, photographs and fingerprints; the daily face-to-face contact with the citizenry; the considerable experience in police work.

6. Read and translate the following definitions of the words: 1. A responsibility is the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone. 2. To investigate is to carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and examine the facts of (an incident, allegation, etc.) so as to establish the truth. 3. A squad is a section of a police force that is responsible for dealing with a particular type of crime 4. A detective is someone whose job is to discover what has happened in a crime or other situation and to find the people involved. Some detectives work in the police force and others work privately. 5. A rape is a crime, typically committed by a man, of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse with him without their consent and against their will, esp. by the threat or use of violence against them. 6. If someone commits a burglary, they enter a building by force and steal things. Burglary is the act of doing this. 7. Larceny is the crime of stealing. 8. Gambling is the act or activity of betting money, for example in card games or on horse racing. 17

9. Homicide is the illegal killing of a person. 10. A victim is someone who has been hurt or killed. 11. A witness is a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place.

7. Read and translate the text into Russian. The Emergence of the Police Specialist The process of investigating criminals in the United States is structured very differently from the process followed in England. In the U.S., typically, a division exists within law enforcement agencies between officers whose responsibility it is to maintain order and those who investigate crimes. In larger departments, specialized squads typically perform the investigative function in law enforcement agencies. In fact, many such departments have several detective divisions within, each dealing with different categories of crime, such as crimes against persons (e.g., rape, assault, robbery), crimes against property (e.g., burglary, larceny, auto theft), and vice (e.g., drug violations, gambling, prostitution). Smaller rural departments often lack financial resources to specialize, so patrol officers often conduct criminal investigations in addition to their patrol duties. In some types of crime, such as homicide, investigators must develop leads through interviews with friends, family, and associates of the victim as well as witnesses to the crime. In other cases, investigative leads are developed by sifting through files and prior police records and establishing the suspect's mode of operation (MO). In all cases, the investigative process uses traditional and historical methods of detection through the use of official records, photographs, fingerprints, and so on, as opposed to daily face-to-face contacts with the citizenry, such as with the patrol division. The investigative specialist is generally an older person who has had considerable experience in police work. Most detectives are former patrol personnel who have worked up through the ranks due to the common practice of promoting from within.

8. Read the text and find the following words and word combinations in it: 18

специалист полиции; правоохранительные органы; поддерживать порядок; расследовать преступления; специальные отделы; выполнять следственную функцию; кража автомобиля; преступления против личности; преступления против собственности;

нарушение законодательства о наркотиках;

отделы,

находящиеся в сельской местности; патрульный; испытывать недостаток в финансировании;

проводить расследование;

уголовное расследование;

обязанности патрульного; обнаружить зацепки; расследовать изнасилование; расследовать нападение; расследовать грабёж; расследовать квартирную кражу со взломом; расследовать воровство; расследовать кражу; расследовать угон автомобиля;

свидетель преступления;

опросить друзей, членов семьи и

сослуживцев жертвы; версия следствия; анализировать документы и ранее сделанные записи; процесс расследования; использовать официальные записи, фотографии и отпечатки пальцев; ежедневный личный контакт с гражданами; богатый опыт работы в полиции.

9. Match the following definitions: 1. the police

a) making a physical attack on

2. an officer

b) immoral or wicked behavior, criminal activities involving prostitution, pornography, or drugs

3. a law

c) illegal entry of a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft

4. a rape

d) a medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body

5. an assault

e) stealing of a car

6. a robbery

f) the civil force of a national or local government, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order

7. a burglary

g) having sex with people in exchange for money.

8. a larceny

h) theft of personal property

9. a theft

i) the act or activity of betting money, for example in card games or on horse racing.

10. an auto theft j) a system of rules that a society or government develops in order to deal with crime, business agreements, and social 19

relationships. 11. vice

k) the illegal killing of a person.

12. gambling

l) a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action

13. drug

m) the crime, typically committed by a man, of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse with him without their consent and against their will, esp. by the threat or use of violence against them

14. a homicide

n) the crime of stealing.

15. prostitution

o) taking property unlawfully from (a person or place) by force or threat of force

16. a victim

p) a person holding a position of command or authority in the armed services, in the merchant marine, or on a passenger ship

10. Match the following synonyms: 1. emergence

a) to fulfil

2. a law

b) a clue

3. a criminal

c) a stealing

4. to structure

d) a partner

5. a squad

e) to lead

6. to perform

f) security

7. an assault

g) former, previous

8. a larceny

h) a division

9. a theft

i) a murder

10. to lack for

j) important

11. to conduct

k) appearance

12. a homicide

l) detection

13. a lead

m) to organise

14. an associate

n) an attack

15. prior

o) a statute

16. investigation

p) to require

17. considerable

q) a thievery

18. police

r) an offender

11. Try to make as many sentences as you can and translate them into Russian: 20

The criminal committed

a burglary a theft a rape an assault a robbery a larceny an auto theft drug violations

and was brought to justice.

12. Try to match up the English phrases in column A with the Russian phrases in column B: A 1. city police 2. municipal police 3. local police 4. mounted police 5. secret police 6. security police 7. air police 8. state police 9. police state

B a. служба государственной безопасности; контрразведка b. конная полиция c. военная полиция ВВС США d. полицейское государство e. городская полиция f. полиция штата g. местная полиция h. тайная полиция i. муниципальная полиция

13. Study the English phrases with the word “witness” and make up your own sentences using these word combinations: to call to witness — призывать в свидетели to interview witnesses — опросить очевидцев, свидетелей (в суде) credible witness — свидетель, заслуживающее доверия defence witness — свидетель защиты expert witness — свидетель- эксперт witness protection program — ; защита свидетелей a witness against one's former accomplices — лицо, дающее показания против бывших сообщников to cross-examine a witness — осуществить перекрёстный допрос свидетеля to hear witnesses — заслушать свидетелей to examine / interrogate / question a witness — допросить свидетеля 21

to swear in a witness — приводить свидетеля к присяге

14. Fill in the gaps with missing words consulting the text: 1. Each detective division deals with different c… of crimes. 2. Patrol officers can conduct criminal i… in addition to their patrol d…. 3. The investigative process uses traditional and historical m… of detection. 4. The investigative specialist has considerable e… in police w….

15. Answer the questions: 1) Is the process of investigating a crime in the UAS different from the process followed in the UK? 2) What crimes against persons do you know? 3) What crimes against property do you know?

VOCABULARY 1.

emergence

[ɪ'mɜːʤ(ə)n(t)s]

появление

2.

a criminal 1.

['krɪmɪnl]

преступник, уголовник

3.

to structure

['strʌkʧə]

систематизировать

4.

law

правоохранительные органы

enforcement

agencies a responsibility

6.

to maintain order

7.

a squad

[skwɔd]

отдел, отделение (полиции)

8.

to perform

[pə'fɔːm]

исполнять, выполнять; делать, совершать

9.

a department

[dɪ'pɑːtmənt]

отдел; отделение; управление; служба

[dɪ'tektɪv]

сыскной; детективный

10. detective

[rɪˌspɔn(t)sə'bɪlətɪ]

ответственность, обязанность

5.

поддерживать порядок

заниматься, иметь дело

11. to deal with 12. a person

['pɜːs(ə)n]

человек; личность, особа; субъект 22

13. a rape

[reɪp]

изнасилование

14. an assault

[ə'sɔːlt]

нападение

15. a robbery

['rɔb(ə)rɪ]

ограбление (с применением насилия) , грабёж ; разбой

16. property

['prɔpətɪ]

имущество; собственность

17. a burglary

['bɜːglərɪ]

незаконное проникновение в помещение (с преступными целями) ; квартирная кража со взломом

18. a larceny

['lɑːs(ə)nɪ]

воровство, кража

19. a theft

[θeft]

воровство, кража кража автомобиля

20. auto theft 21. a vice

[vaɪs]

зло, порок нарушение законодательства о наркотиках

22. drug violation 23. gambling

['gæmblɪŋ]

азартная игра; игра на деньги

24. rural

['ruər(ə)l]

деревенский, сельский

25. to lack

[læk]

испытывать недостаток, нуждаться в (чём-л.) ; не иметь

26. to conduct

[kən'dʌkt]

вести, руководить; проводить в добавление, к тому же, сверх, кроме того

27. in addition to 28. a homicide

['hɔmɪsaɪd]

убийство 1) ключ (к решению чего-л.) ; намёк, зацепка; 2) направление (расследования) ; выход на версию; версия

29. a lead

30. an interview

['ɪntəvjuː]

интервью, опрос

31. an associate

[ə'səusɪət ], [-ʃɪət]

товарищ, коллега; компаньон, партнёр

32. a victim

['vɪktɪm]

жертва, пострадавший, потерпевший

33. a witness

['wɪtnəs]

свидетель, очевидец 23

34. a case

[keɪs]

случай; обстоятельство, положение; дело, история; факт 1) развивать, совершенствовать 2) показывать, обнаруживать

35. to develop 36. to sift

[sɪft]

тщательно рассматривать, анализировать (данные, информацию)

37. prior

['praɪə]

прежний, бывший; предшествующий

38. a suspect

['sʌspekt]

подозреваемый 1) способ работы; метод работы 2) режим работы

39. mode of operation 40. a fingerprint

['fɪŋgəprɪnt]

отпечаток пальца

41. citizenry

['sɪtɪz(ə)nrɪ]

гражданское население, граждане

42. considerable

[kən'sɪd(ə)rəbl]

значительный; важный, заслуживающий внимания, существенный

43. experience

[ɪk'spɪərɪən(t)s ]

(жизненный) опыт

44. former

['fɔːmə]

прежний; бывший

45. personnel

[ˌpɜːs(ə)'nel]

персонал, кадры, личный состав

46. a rank

[ræŋk]

звание; чин; служебное или социальное положение; ранг

47. to work up

а) постепенно повысить (до уровня) б) продвинуться (по службе)

48. due to

благодаря; вследствие; в результате; из-за

49. to promote

[prə'məut]

продвигать (по служебной лестнице) , повышать (в должности, чине, звании)

50. a detective

[dɪ'tektɪv]

сотрудник сыскной полиции, детектив, сыщик

24

Unit 3. Types of investigations.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: a type, a mission, complex, to contain, fundamental, a component, a community, to identify, and brought, quintessence, criminal, investigation. to confront, regular, personal, a person, public, position; civil, law; organized, crime, activity.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: a mission, a law, a component, maintenance, peace, a community, protection, property, people, essentials, a perpetrator, a court, a task, an offender, quintessence, an investigation, an investigator, an area, a course, a duty, background, a person, suitability, an appointment, a position, a violation, of criminal law; an infraction, vice, drug, a crime, an activity.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: to contain, to include, to choose, to violate, to provide, to identify, to bring-brought, to confront, to determine.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: complex, demanding, fundamental, including, identifying, criminal, several, regular, personal, sensitive, public, trust, suspected, civil, organized.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations: law enforcement; the maintenance of peace; to violate laws; the protection of lives and property; to identify a perpetrator; to be brought before a court; to identify offenders; a criminal investigation; the quintessence of the criminal investigation; a criminal investigator; to confront the investigation; several areas; the regular course of the duties; personal background; to determine a person's suitability; the sensitive public trust positions; suspected violations; the criminal 25

law; the violation of the criminal law; the civil law; the infractions of civil law; organized crime; organized crime activity.

6. Read and translate the following definitions of the words: 1. A court is a place where legal matters are decided by a judge and jury or by a magistrate. 2. Criminal law is a system of law concerned with the punishment of those who commit crimes. 3. Civil law is the part of a country's set of laws which is concerned with the private affairs of citizens, for example marriage and property ownership, rather than with crime. 4. An offender is a person who has committed a crime. 5. A vice is a habit which is regarded as a weakness in someone's character, but not usually as a serious fault. 6 Organized crime refers to criminal activities which involve large numbers of people and are organized and controlled by a small group. 7. Infraction is a violation or infringement of a law, agreement, or set of rules.

7. Form the nouns from the verbs: To identify, to investigate, to violate, to organize, to appoint, to confront, to protect, to suspect.

8. Read and translate the text into Russian. Types of Investigations The mission of law enforcement is complex and demanding but contains some fundamental components, including the maintenance of peace in our communities and the protection of lives and property. When people choose to violate laws that provide for these essentials, the perpetrators must be identified and brought before a court. It is the task of identifying such offenders that is the quintessence of criminal 26

investigation. Criminal investigators confront investigations in several areas in the regular course of their duties: -personal background, to determine a person's suitability for appointment to sensitive public trust positions; -suspected violations of criminal law; -infractions of civil law; -vice (drug and organized crime activity).

9. Read the text and find the following words and word combinations in it: поддержание правопорядка; опознавать преступника;

защита жизни и

собственности; правоприменение; нарушать закон; предстать перед судом; опознавать правонарушителей;

уголовное расследование;

суть уголовного

расследования; несколько областей; личная квалификация; следователь по уголовным делам; столкнуться с расследованием; повседневное выполнение обязанностей;

личная квалификация;

определить пригодность лица;

государственная

должность

к

с

допуском

государственным

секретам;

подозрительные нарушения; уголовное право; нарушение уголовного права; гражданское право;

нарушения гражданского права;

организованная

преступность; организованная преступная деятельность.

10. Match the following synonyms: 1. to demand

a) to keep order

2. complex

b) a lawbreaker

3. to contain

c) belonging

4. to include

d) a crime

5. to maintain peace

e) defense

6. peace

f) to face

7. protection

g) to suppose

8. property

h) to contain

9. a perpetrator

i) to require 27

10. an offender

j) obligation

11. to confront

k) narcotic

12. a violation

l) to have

13. to suspect

m) a criminal

14. drug

n) friendliness

15. responsibility

o) difficult

11. Study the English phrases with the word “offender” and make up your own sentences using these word combinations: 1.

chronic / old offender

[ə'fendə]

рецидивист

2.

habitual offender

[hə'bɪʧuəl]

привычный преступник

3.

first offender

человек,

впервые

совершивший

преступление 4.

alleged offender

[ə'leʤ(ə)d]

предполагаемый

преступник,

подозреваемый

12. Match the following definitions: 1. demanding

a) to comprise or contain as part of a whole

2. to contain

b) a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common

3. to include

c) a person who commits an illegal act

4. peace

d) to establish or indicate who or what (someone or something)

5. a community

e)to come face to face with (someone) with hostile or argumentative intent

6. to violate

f) a body of people presided over by a judge, judges, or magistrate, and acting as a tribunal in civil and criminal case.

7. to identify

g) a violation or infringement of a law or agreement

8. a court

h) requiring much skill or effort

9. an offender

i) to have an idea or impression of the existence, presence, or truth of (something) without certain proof 28

10. quintessence

j) the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs

11. to confront

k) the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class

12. to suspect

l) freedom from disturbance; quiet and tranquility

13. infraction

m) immoral or wicked behavior or criminal activities involving prostitution, pornography, or drugs

14. civil law

n) to break or fail to comply with (a rule or formal agreement)

15. vice

o) to have or to hold (someone or something) within

13. Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column B to form meaningful phrases and translate them into Russian. A

B

1. skin 2. various 3. investigative 4. criminal 5. personal 6. civil 7. organized 8. police 9. specialized 10. drug 11. rural 12. patrol 13. official 14. considerable

a) law b) techniques c) specialist d) officers e) resources f) experience g) investigation h) records i) departments j) tissue k) violations l) crime m) squads n).background

14. Try to make as many sentences as you can and translate them into Russian: The burglar The rapist The robber The killer The murderer The thief The pickpocket The shoplifter The stealer

committed

a burglary a theft a rape an assault a robbery a larceny an auto theft drug violations 29

The criminal The perpetrator The offender The suspect 15. Study the English phrases with the word “robbery” and make up your own sentences using these word combinations: armed robbery - вооружённое ограбление bank robbery - ограбление банка highway robbery - разбой на большой дороге to commit a robbery - совершить ограбление 16. Study the English phrases with the word “arrest” and make up your own sentences using these word combinations: under arrest - под арестом to make an arrest - арестовать to resist arrest - оказывать сопротивление при аресте house arrest - домашний арест arrest on charge - арест по обвинению to make an arrest for murder - арестовать за убийство

17. Answer the questions: 1. What does the law enforcement complex include? 2. What must be done when people violate laws? 3. What are the areas of the criminal investigators?

VOCABULARY 1.

law enforcement

1)

правовое

правоприменение;

принуждение; применение

закона

30

2)

обеспечение

деятельность

правопорядка;

правоохранительных

органов 3) правоохранительные органы 4) проведение законов в жизнь 2.

to demand

[dɪ'mɑːnd]

1) требовать, потребовать (с кого-л., от кого-л.); предъявлять требование

3.

to contain

[kən'teɪn]

содержать в себе, включать, иметь в своём составе; вмещать

4.

to include

[ɪn'kluːd]

заключать,

включать

в

себя,

содержать в себе 5.

to maintain

[meɪn'teɪn]

поддерживать, сохранять

6.

peace

[piːs]

мир

7.

a community

[kə'mjuːnətɪ]

община;

местное

сообщество,

население; вместе живущие люди 8.

protection

[prə'tekʃ(ə)n]

защита, охрана

9.

property

['prɔpətɪ]

имущество; собственность

10. to violate

['vaɪəleɪt]

нарушать, попирать, преступать

11.

[ˌvaɪə'leɪʃ(ə)n]

нарушение

violation

12. to provide

[prə'vaɪd]

1) предусматривать; предвидеть 2) обеспечивать, снабжать

13. essentials

[ɪ'senʃlz]

предметы первой необходимости

14. a perpetrator

['pɜːpɪtreɪtə]

злоумышленник; правонарушитель, преступник

15. to identify

[aɪ'dentɪfaɪ]

1)

устанавливать

тождество;

отождествлять (что-л.) с (чем-л.) 31

2)

опознавать,

распознавать;

устанавливать личность 16. a court

[kɔːt]

суд; судья; судьи

17. an offender

[ə'fendə]

преступник, правонарушитель

18. quintessence

[kwɪn'tes(ə)n(t)s] квинтэссенция; сущность

19. to confront

[kən'frʌnt]

стоять лицом к лицу; сталкиваться лицом

к

лицу;

противостоять,

оказывать сопротивление личная квалификация, образование

20. personal

background 21. to determine

[dɪ'tɜːmɪn]

определять, устанавливать

22. suitability

[ˌs(j)uːtə'bɪlətɪ]

пригодность

23. an appointment

[ə'pɔɪntmənt]

назначение (на должность, место)

24. public position

государственная должность

25. sensitive position

должность

с

допуском

к

государственным секретам 26. trust

[trʌst]

вера, доверие

27. to suspect

[sə'spekt]

1) подозревать 2) сомневаться в истинности, не доверять подозревать кого-л. в чём-л.

28. to suspect smb.

of smth. уголовное право

29. criminal law 30. civil

['sɪv(ə)l]

гражданский

31. infraction

[ɪn'frækʃ(ə)n]

нарушение (правил, законов)

32

32. vice

[vaɪs]

зло, порок; безнравственность гражданское право

33. civil law 34. drug

[drʌg]

наркотик; транквилизатор

35. organized crime

организованная преступность

36. organized

организованная

activity

crime

преступная

деятельность

33

Unit 4. Modes of Investigation

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: criminal, typically, collect, locate, interview, identify, arrest, activity, organized, finally, aggressive.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: investigation, the use, a response, a crime, a murder, a robbery, a burglary, a case, an investigator, evidence, a witness, a perpetrator, activity, regard, a suspect, deterrence, a criminal, prosecution.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: to conduct, to address, to occur, to respond, to collect, to locate,

to

interview, to identify, to arrest, to anticipate, to differ, to conduct, to commit,

to

achieve.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: criminal, different, reactive, proactive, preventive, typically, suspected,

vice,

organized, crime, major, arresting, aggressive.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations: criminal investigations, three different responses,

reactive response, proactive

response, preventive response, to address crimes, in this case, to respond to a crime, to collect evidence, to locate witnesses, to interview witnesses, a suspected perpetrator, to identify a suspected perpetrator, to arrest a suspected perpetrator, to be conducted, to anticipate criminal activity, organized crime, organized crime investigations, vice investigations, proactive investigations, to differ from reactive investigations, to conduct the investigation, to commit a crime, to identify the suspect, prevention through deterrence, to arresting the criminal, aggressive prosecution. 34

6. Read and translate the following definitions of the words: 1. Proactive (of a person, policy, or action) means creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened. 2. Preventive is designed to keep something undesirable such as illness or harm from occurring. Preventive actions are intended to help prevent things such as disease or crime. 3. A response is a verbal or written answer 4. A murder is the unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another. 5. A robbery is the action of robbing a person or place. 6. A burglary is illegal entry of a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft. 7. To collect means to bring or gather together (things, typically when scattered or widespread). 8. To locate means to discover the exact place or position of. If you locate something or someone, you find out where they are. 9. To identify means to establish or indicate who or what (someone or something) is. 10 To arrest is to seize (someone) by legal authority and take them into custody. 11. If you anticipate an event, you realize in advance that it may happen and you are prepared for it. 12. If two or more things differ, they are unlike each other in some way. 13. Deterrence is the prevention of something, especially war or crime, by having something such as weapons or punishment to use as a threat. 14 Prosecution is the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge.

7. Read and translate the text into Russian. Modes of Investigation Criminal investigations are conducted through the use of three different responses: reactive, proactive, and preventive. 35

The reactive response addresses crimes that have already occurred, such as murder, robbery, and burglary. In this case, investigators typically respond to a crime, collect evidence, locate and interview witnesses, and identify and arrest a suspected perpetrator. Investigations are also conducted as a proactive response to anticipated criminal activity, as with many vice and organized crime investigations. Proactive investigations differ from reactive investigations in two major regards: (1) the investigation is conducted before the crime is committed (rather than after) and (2) the suspect is identified before he or she commits the crime. Finally, investigations are sometimes conducted as a preventive response. Prevention through deterrence is sometimes achieved by arresting the criminal and by aggressive prosecution.

8. Read the text and find the following words and word combinations in it: методы

расследования;

уголовное

расследование;

вести

расследование;

реагирующая реакция ( ответ); принимать меры в ответ на преступления; преступление уже совершилось; совершить убийство; расследовать ограбление; раскрыть квартирную кражу; реагировать на преступление; собирать улики; устанавливать

местонахождение

свидетелей;

опрашивать

свидетелей;

опознавать преступника; арестовать преступника; подозреваемый преступник; преступная деятельность; упреждать преступную деятельность; организованная преступность;

серьёзное

преступление;

расследование

серьёзного

преступления; профилактические расследования; совершить преступление; опознать

подозреваемого;

преступных

действий

предотвратить

путем

преступление;

устрашения;

достичь

удержание

от

предотвращения

преступления; арестовать преступника; решительное судебное преследование.

9. Match the following synonyms: 1.

preventive

a

to disagree

2.

a response

b

intensive, active 36

3.

to address

c

clues

4.

to anticipate

d

a perpetrator

5.

vice

e

an inquiry

6.

to differ

f

to happen

7.

major

g

to expect

8.

a regard

h

to question

9.

aggressive

i

a homicide

10.

to locate

j

to gather

11.

an investigation

k

main, important

12.

to occur

l

an answer

13.

to collect

m a look, a gaze

14.

evidence

n

to speak

15.

to interview

o

to find

16. a criminal

p

immoral

17. a murder

q

prophylactic

10. Study the English phrases with the word “evidence” and make up your own sentences using these word combinations: in evidence — принятый в качестве доказательства evidence against — свидетельство против to call in evidence — вызывать в суд для дачи показаний to gather / piece together evidence — собирать улики to suppress / withhold evidence — утаивать улики conclusive evidence — неопровержимая улика, доказательство piece of evidence — улика

37

11. Examine the scheme and compose the sentences using the phrases:

to furnish evidence

to introduce evidence

to give evidence

to bear evidence

to provide evidence

to produce evidence

свидетельствовать, давать свидетельские показания

12. Try to make as many sentences as you can and translate them into Russian: - The investigator - The detective -The police officer

investigates

a burglary; a theft; a rape an auto theft; an assault; drug violations; a robbery; a larceny

13. Make stories to illustrate the following proverbs: One thief robs another.- Вор у вора дубинку украл. An uneasy conscience betrays itself.- На воре шапка горит. 38

А thief isn't a thief until caught in the act.- Не пойман - не вор. Opportunity makes the thief.-Плохо не клади, вора в грех не вводи. 14. Study the English phrases with the word “murder” and make up your own sentences using these word combinations: brutal murder - жестокое убийство grisly murder- ужасное убийство heinous murder- гнусное убийство vicious murder- зверское убийство wanton murder - бессмысленное убийство multiple / serial murders - серия убийств, серийные убийства cold-blooded murder - хладнокровное убийство premeditated murder - преднамеренное убийство ritual murder - ритуальное убийство mass murder - массовая резня to commit murder - совершить убийство

15. Answer the questions: 1. How many responses are criminal investigations conducted? 2. What responses are criminal investigations conducted? 3. What crimes does the reactive response address? 4. What do investigators usually do to respond to a crime in this case? 5. What crimes does the proactive response address? 6. How does the proactive response differ from the reactive response? 7. How are the investigations conducted as a preventive response?

VOCABULARY 1.

a mode

[məud]

метод, методика, способ

2.

to conduct

[kən'dʌkt]

сопровождать, сопутствовать 39

3.

a response

[rɪ'spɔn(t)s]

ответ, отклик, реакция, ответное действие

4.

reactive

[rɪ'æktɪv]

отвечающий,

реагирующий

(на

какие-л. действия) 5.

to address

[ə'dres]

принимать меры (по поводу, в ответ на),

реагировать

на;

направлять

усилия на 6.

proactive

[ˌprəu'æktɪv]

упреждающий, профилактический

7.

preventive

[prɪ'ventɪv]

предупредительный, предохранительный предупредительная мера

8. preventive measure 9.

preventive arrest/

профилактический,

detention

арест

превентивный

10. to occur

[ə'kɜː]

происходить, случаться, совершаться

11. a murder

['mɜːdə]

убийство

(предумышленное,

совершённое со злым умыслом) 12. a robbery

['rɔb(ə)rɪ]

ограбление (с применением насилия), грабёж ; разбой

13. a burglary

['bɜːglərɪ]

незаконное

проникновение

в

помещение (с преступными целями); квартирная кража со взломом 14. to collect

[kə'lekt]

собирать

15. evidence

['evɪd(ə)n(t)s]

улика; свидетельское показание

16. to locate

[ləu'keɪt]

определять место, местонахождение 40

17. to interview

['ɪntəvjuː]

опрашивать

18. to identify

[aɪ'dentɪfaɪ]

устанавливать личность, опознавать, распознавать;

19. a witness

['wɪtnəs]

свидетель, очевидец

20. to arrest

[ə'rest]

арестовывать, задерживать

21. a perpetrator

['pɜːpɪtreɪtə]

злоумышленник; правонарушитель, преступник

22. to anticipate

[æn'tɪsɪpeɪt]

ожидать,

предвидеть,

предчувствовать,

предвкушать,

предвосхищать,

предугадывать,

упреждать 23. to differ

['dɪfə]

отличаться (от кого-л. / чего-л.; в чём-л.) ; различаться (чем-л.)

24. major

['meɪʤə]

более важный, значительный

25. a regard

[rɪ'gɑːd]

внимание,

забота

внимательный

взгляд, взор 26. a suspect

['sʌspekt]

подозреваемый или подозрительный челове

27. deterrence

[dɪ'ter(ə)n(t)s]

устрашение, враждебных

удержание или

(от

преступных

действий при помощи устрашения) 28. aggressive

[ə'gresɪv]

решительный,

энергичный,

настойчивый,

напористый,

наступательный 29. prosecution

[ˌprɔsɪ'kjuːʃ(ə)n] а)

судебное

преследование

б)

предъявление иска

41

обвинение

30. (the prosecution)

(сторона

в

судебном

процессе) 31. to respond to

[rɪ'spɔnd]

реагировать

32. to suppress

[sə'pres]

пресекать; сдерживать

33. premeditated

[ˌpriː'medɪteɪtɪd] заранее обдуманный; преднамеренный, предумышленный

34. wanton

['wɔntən]

беспричинный, ничем не вызванный (об оскорблении, жестокости)

35. vicious

['vɪʃəs]

злобный; жестокий

42

PART II. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION. UNIT 5. The term Preliminary Investigation.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: Logical, procedure, identifying, practice, critical, arrest, phase, function, situation, to transport, location, process.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Preserving, prosecution, offender, discovery, inquiry, circumstance, suspect, respondent, item, responsibility, preservation, firearms, blood, fluid, warrant.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To exist, to prescribe, to define, to suspect, to relate, to locate, to link, to tamper, to render, to injure, to commit, to search, to dispose, to alter.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives and adverbs: Essential, subsequent, precursory, initial, valuable, ultimate, latter, bodily, primary, tertiary, distant; generally, necessarily, consequently.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations. Translate them: Logical procedure; identifying, collecting, and preserving evidence; the identification and collection of evidence; prosecution of the offender; the evidence collection process; the discovery of the crime; precursory investigative phase; an initial inquiry by officers; to establish facts and circumstances of a suspected crime; to preserve any evidence related to the crime; to secure the crime scene; to locate and question witnesses and victims; to identify and collect evidence; to arrive at the crime scene; the patrol division; much valuable information; thee ultimate situation; to make an arrest; rendering first aid to injured parties; protecting evidence at the scene; 43

preservation of trace evidence, firearms, and blood; tertiary crime scenes; to transport the victims. 6. Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. subsequent

a. division

2. initial

b. aid

3. patrol

c. party

4. valuable

d. prosecution

5. first

e. fluids

6. injured

f. information

7. bodily

g. inquiry

7. Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the following groups of words: 1) Primary, secondary, final, difficult. 2) Murder, kidnapping, investigation, robbery. 3) To secure, to commit, to locate, to collect. 4) A patrol officer, a victim, a witness, a suspect. 8. Divide the following words into three groups: 1) nouns; 2) verbs; 3) adjectives: Discovery, investigative, prosecution, preliminary, exist, question, possible, identify, collecting, arrive, valuable, tamper, investigator, responsibility, preservation, necessary, search, suspect, transport, secondary, victim.

9. Read and translate the text: The Term “Preliminary Investigation”

44

Evidence of one type or another exists in all crimes. A logical procedure for identifying, collecting, and preserving evidence is therefore essential. The practice of following prescribed steps in the identification and collection of evidence is critical in making an arrest and in subsequent prosecution of the offender. The evidence collection process begins immediately after the discovery of a crime. In most situations, this precursory investigative phase is known as the preliminary investigation. Generally, the term preliminary investigation is defined as an initial inquiry by officers to establish facts and circumstances of a suspected crime and to preserve any evidence related to that crime. Preliminary investigation includes: Securing the crime scene Considering the possible arrest of a suspect Locating and questioning witnesses and victims Documenting the crime scene Identifying and collecting evidence The function of the preliminary investigation is closely linked with the duties of the first officer to arrive at the crime scene, who, in most cases, is a respondent from the patrol division. As with any crime scene, the first officer and investigators should consider the scene itself as evidence. This is because much valuable information can be learned from items left on the scene, provided that it has not been tampered with or altered in any way. The crime scene represents the ultimate situation that places many responsibilities on the first officer arriving at the scene. These include making an arrest, rendering first aid to injured parties, and protecting evidence at the scene. The latter responsibility includes preservation of trace evidence, firearms, and blood or other bodily fluids. Investigators must remember that a crime scene is a location where evidence of a crime may be found. It is not necessarily where the crime was committed. Consequently, there are primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary crime scenes. For example, investigators may use a warrant to search a suspect’s home. Even though 45

the suspect did not commit the crime at that location, evidence of the crime may be found there. In another instance, an offender might kidnap someone at one location (primary crime scene), transport the victim (the car being a secondary crime scene), commit another crime at a distant location (murder, for instance) and then dispose of the body at a fourth scene.

10. Read the text once again and find the following words and word combinations in it: Предварительное расследование; обнаружение улик; сбор доказательств; процесс

сбора

доказательств;

обнаружение

следов

преступления;

первоначальное дознание, осуществляемое полицией; установить факты и обстоятельства преступления; арест подозреваемого; обнаружение и опрос свидетелей и жертв; обязанности первого офицера, прибывшего на место преступления; проведение ареста; оказание первой помощи пострадавшей стороне; сохранение улик на месте преступления; использовать ордер; обыскать дом подозреваемого; перевезти жертву.

11. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text: To be, to gather, an apprehension, a criminal, to protect, to find, to connect, responsibility, to change, to hurt, liquid, a vehicle.

12. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right. Translate them: 1. to establish

a. witnesses and victims

2. to question

b. evidence

3. to document

c. at the crime scene

4. to identify

d. the crime scene

5. to arrive

e. a warrant

6. to use

f. facts and circumstances of a 46

7. to kidnap

crime g. a victim

13. Insert the prepositions from the box into the word combinations according to the text: by, from, to (2), on, of (2), in, for, at An evidence _____ the crime; an initial inquiry ____ officers; a logical procedure ___ collecting evidence; protecting evidence ___ the crime scene; steps ___ the identification of evidence; an evidence related ___ the crime; the items left ___ the crime scene; circumstances ___ a crime; a respondent ___ the patrol division; rendering first aid ___ injured parties.

14. Complete the following sentences with the words given in the brackets: 1.

There are a lot of types of (crime, the, evidence, at, scene).

2.

The main goal of the preliminary investigation is (a crime, to establish,

circumstances, and, of, facts). 3.

One of the functions of the preliminary investigation is (evidence, identifying,

collecting, and). 4.

The first officer arriving at the crime scene makes (renders, to, an arrest, first,

injured, aid, parties). 5.

The next task of the investigator is (bodily, to preserve, firearms, fluids, trace,

firearms, evidence). 15. Answer the questions: 1. What does the term “preliminary investigation” mean? 2. Why is a procedure for identifying, collecting, and preserving evidence essential? 3. When does the evidence collection process begin? 4. What does preliminary investigation include? 5. Where can much valuable information of a crime be found? 6. What are the responsibilities of the first officer arriving at the crime scene? 47

16. Try to make as many sentences as you can and translate them into Russian:

1) the duty of the first officer arriving at the crime scene; 2) the responsibility of the first officer arriving at the crime scene

1) is securing; 2) is questioning; 3) is identifying; 4) is considering; 5) is collecting

1) the possible arrest of the suspect; 2) the crime scene; 3) the witnesses and victims; 4) evidence VOCABULARY 1.

to prescribe

[prɪsˈkraɪb]

предписывать

2.

subsequent prosecution

[ˈsʌbsɪkwənt]

последующее судебное

[prɔsɪˈkjuːʃn]

преследование

[prɪˈkəːs(ə)ri]

предварительный

3.

precursory

4.

preliminary investigation

предварительное расследование

5.

предполагаемое

suspected crime

преступление 6.

respondent

7.

patrol division

[rɪsˈpɔndənt]

опрашиваемый отдел патрулирования 48

8.

to be tampered

9.

to alter

11.

trace evidence

быть подделанным [ˈɔːltə]

изменять трассеологические доказательства

12.

firearms

[ˈfaɪərɑːmz]

огнестрельное оружие

13.

blood

[blʌd]

кровь

14.

bodily fluid

[ˈbɔdɪlɪ ˈfluːɪd]

жидкости организма

15.

tertiary crime scene

третье

место

преступления 16.

warrant

17.

distant location

[ˈwɔrənt]

ордер удаленное местоположение

18.

to dispose

[dɪsˈpəʊz]

распоряжаться

49

UNIT 6. The preliminary investigation in the USA

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: Patrol, modern, department, officer, information, local, physical, accuracy, scene, record, police, action

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Purpose, force, responsibility, investigation, influence, success, failure, evidence, error, objective, witness, source, aid, statement, apprehension

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: Assume, participate, influence, provide, involve, safeguard, identify, rectify, proceed, determine, aid, occur, obtain, evaluate, complete

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Primary, modern, ultimate, well done, solid, investigative, appropriate 5. Match the words in column A with the words in column В to form meaningful phrases: 1. preliminary

1. department

2. prevent

2. influence

3. police

3. crime

4. ultimate

4. investigation

5. greatly

5. success

6. in other

6. done

7. well

7. words

8. solid

8. evidence

9. physical

9. statements

10.witnesses

10.case

50

6. Learn to read and pronounce the following words and word combinations. Translate them: primary purpose, patrol force, to prevent crime, patrol officers, preliminary investigation, crime scene, well done, greatly influence, the ultimate success, failure, a job well done, to provide the information, to build a solid case, conversely, to properly safeguard, to identify physical evidence, to be rectified, at a later time, investigation objectives, to locate witnesses, sources of evidence, what has occurred, to preserve physical evidence, to determine, to take further steps, to evaluate the accuracy, is left to be done, apprehension, if appropriate.

7. Match the synonyms: 1. obtain

a. determine the position

2. locate

b. necessary

3. step

c. mistake

4.apprehension

d. stage

5. appropriate

e. arrest

6. error

f. purpose

7. aim

g. to participate

8. to take part

h. receive

8. Find the names for the groups of words. Fill in each of the spaces: 1)

patrol officer, investigator, inquirer - … .

2)

physical evidence, witness statement, victim statement - … .

3)

to safeguard, to locate, to determine, to record - … .

9. Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the following groups of words: 1)

Purpose, force, aim, goal, objective;

2)

investigation, crime, apprehension, suspicion, criminal; 51

3)

crime scene, patrol officer, hearing the case in court, collecting evidence,

interviewing the witnesses.

10. Match the words and definitions: 1. the primary purpose

a. is the capture of a criminal;

2. to participate in an event

b. is the main aim of an action;

3. physical evidence

c. is

4. a preliminary investigation

there

5. an apprehension

believe that a crime has been committed;

a

proceeding to determine whether is a

reasonable

ground

to

d. is to be part of the event; e. is any material object relevant to the investigation of a crime.

11. Find and underline suffixes in the following words. Translate them into Russian: Investigation, action, information, apprehension, responsibility, failure, greatly, conversely, especially, properly, appropriately, statement.

12. Read and translate the text: The Preliminary Investigation. Part 1 Although the primary purpose of a patrol force is to prevent crime, patrol officers have assumed many other responsibilities, including the investigation of crimes. In modern police departments, the patrol force participates fully in the preliminary investigation of crimes. The preliminary investigation is the responsibility of the first officer at the crime scene. His or her actions at the scene can greatly influence the ultimate success or failure of the investigation. In other words, a job well done during a preliminary investigation should provide the information or evidence needed to build a solid case. Conversely, errors made during the preliminary investigation, especially those that 52

involve a failure to properly safeguard or identify physical evidence, cannot be rectified at a later time. From the time the officer receives information to proceed to a crime scene, his or her preliminary investigation objectives are the following: 1. determine what has happened; 2. locate witnesses and sources of evidence that aid in determining what has occurred; 3. locate and preserve physical evidence; 4. determine what further investigative steps should be taken; 5. obtain and evaluate the accuracy of witnesses statements; 6. determine whether to act on the statements and evidence found at the scene; 7. record what has been done, what has been learned, and what is left to be don; 8. complete the investigation and make an apprehension if appropriate.

13. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and phrases: Основная

цель,

предотвращать

преступления,

обязанности,

патрульная

полиция, предварительное расследование, место преступления, конечный успех, неудача, улики, наоборот, должным образом, охранять, опознавать, исправлять,

отправляться,

цели,

определить,

найти

местонахождение,

свидетель, источник, вещественные доказательства, записать, что осталось сделать, завершить, произвести задержание.

14. Find in the text the words which have the similar meaning as the following words: To take part; to spot; to happen; to correct; to estimate; aims; origin; to comprise.

15. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right: 1. to preserve

a. witnesses

2. to locate

b. the investigation 53

3. to complete

c. information

4. to make

d. physical evidence

5. to provide

e. apprehension

6. to participate

f. in preliminary investigation

16. Extend the following sentences with the words given in brackets: 1. Patrol officers in the USA have a lot of responsibilities; among them are to prevent crime (preliminary, an apprehension, in, to take part, to make, the investigation). 2. One of the objectives of the patrol officer at the crime scene is (evidence, to locate, physical, preserve, and). 3. The patrol officer at the crime scene should record what has been done, (and, to be done, what, has been learned, what, is left). 4. The patrol officer can make an apprehension if appropriate (the investigation, and, complete).

17. Complete the sentences using the text: 1. The responsibilities of patrol officers include the ______ of crimes. 2. The first officer at the crime scene has the responsibility of the _______ investigation. 3. The first officer’s actions at the crime scene can greatly influence the ______ success or failure of the investigation. 4. Errors made during the preliminary investigation cannot be _______ at a later time. 5. ________ statements should be obtained. 6. The investigation should be completed and an apprehension should be made if ________.

18. Answer the questions: 1. What is the primary purpose of a patrol force? 2. Does the patrol force participate fully in the preliminary investigation of crimes in modern police departments? 3. Whose responsibility is the preliminary investigation? 54

4. Do you think a preliminary investigation is important for building a solid case? 5. Why do you think errors made during the preliminary investigation cannot be rectified at a later time? 6. How can the actions of the first officer at the crime scene influence the investigation? 7. What are the preliminary investigation objectives of the patrol officer? 8. Can the patrol officer complete the investigation? 9. Does the patrol officer have the right to make an apprehension during the preliminary investigation?

19. Discuss the following statements: 1. In rare cases, the police officer may be given the responsibility for the entire investigative process in the USA. 2. Investigators can perform as consultants to the patrol officers during the preliminary investigation in the USA.

VOCABULARY 1.

patrol force

2.

to assume

патрульная служба [əˈsju:m]

принимать, предполагать

3.

to participate

[pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt]

участвовать

4.

ultimate

[ˈʌltɪmɪt]

окончательный, основной

5.

Основательно

a solid case

выстроенное дело 6.

conversely

[ˈkɔnvə:slɪ]

с другой стороны

7.

to safeguard

[ˈseɪfɡɑ:d]

охранять, защищать

8.

to rectify

[ˈrektɪfaɪ]

исправлять

9.

to proceed

[prəˈsi:d]

направляться 55

10.

to determine

[dɪˈtə:mɪn]

решать, определять

11.

to occur

[əˈkə:]

происходить, случаться

12.

to preserve

[prɪˈzə:v]

сохранять

13.

to evaluate

[ɪˈvæljueɪt]

оценивать

14.

accuracy

[ˈækjurəsɪ]

точность, правильность

15.

apprehension

[ˌæprɪˈhenʃən]

задержание

56

UNIT 7. The Preliminary Investigation. Part 2.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: to report, element, specialist, risk, to terminate, action, extensive, to indicate, operation, arresting, plan, fact. 2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: objective, response, step, postponement, completion, point, delay, outcome, occurrence, perpetrator, conclusion, urgency, degree.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: to establish, to exist, to gather, to assign, to proceed, to terminate, to complete, to affect, to extend, to overlap, to verify, to expand, to shape, to indicate, to be concerned.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives and adverbs: obtainable, initial, necessarily, further, substantially, shortly, homicide, sketchy. 5. Try to match up the words in column A with the words in column В to form meaningful phrases: 1) police

a) investigation

2) follow-up

b) affect

3) successful

c) officer

4) to proceed

d) response

5) substantially

e) search

6) Shortly

f) completion

7) Patrol

g) after the crime

8) extensive

h) to a crime scene

57

6. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations. Translate them: primary objectives, preliminary investigation, necessary elements, initial police response, follow-up investigation, put at risk, successful completion of the investigation, to proceed to a crime scene, to complete the task, further action, substantially affect, successful outcome of the investigation, for the most part, time of occurrence, to arrest the perpetrator, shortly after the crime, the limits of a preliminary investigation, an extensive search of the crime scene, follow-up investigation, overlap into a single operation, homicide investigation, sketchy information, to be of investigative use, preliminary plans, the location of the crime, the urgency of a call.

7. Match synonyms: 1) extensive

a) murder

2) sketchy

b) offender

3) overlap

c) wide

4) perpetrator

d) schematic

5) homicide

e) incident

6) occurrence

f) soon

7) shortly

g) aim

8) objective

h) combine

8. Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the following groups of words: a) preliminary, primary, obtainable, initial b) investigation, degree, evidence, crime scene c) shortly, later, briefly, soon d) location, interrogation, information, typically

9. Translate the following definitions of the words and guess the words: 58

a) the process of collecting evidence and solving the criminal case to indicate the offender; b) the successful ending of an investigation; c) the kind of investigation which is to establish whether the necessary elements of a crime exist; d) the second step of an investigation.

10. Find and underline suffixes in the following words. Translate them into Russian: Initial, postponement, completion, successful, further, occurrence, perpetrator, conclusion, shortly, extensive, physical, evidence, primary, preliminary, necessary, urgency, operation, typically, usually, location.

11. Make up as many words as you can by combining different parts of the words: success-

-tive

-tion

investiga-

-al

-ist

natur-

-ful

-ly

speciact-

12. Read and translate the text: The Preliminary Investigation. Part 2 One of the primary objectives of the preliminary investigation is to establish whether the necessary elements of a crime exist. All information obtainable at the scene of a crime should be gathered and reported at the time of the initial police response. The follow-up investigation by specialists is a second step, when a postponement of the work of investigation will not necessarily put at risk the successful completion of the investigation. 59

The preliminary investigation should begin when an officer is assigned to proceed to a crime scene and only terminate when he or she has completed the task to the point at which a delay in further action does not substantially affect successful outcome of the investigation. For the most part, the nature of the crime and the relationship between a time of occurrence and the time of arresting the perpetrator determine whether or not the offense is investigated to conclusion by the patrol officer. When a suspect is arrested at or near the scene of a crime or during or shortly after the crime, the limits of a preliminary investigation need to be extended. If an extensive search of the crime scene for physical evidence is necessary, the preliminary and follow-up investigations overlap into a single operation. An example of this is homicide investigations. Typically, patrol officers proceed to crime scenes with sketchy information that must first be verified and then expanded to be of investigative use. However, as far as crime scene response only is concerned, the patrol officer usually has two facts that shape his or her preliminary plans: the type of crime and the location of the crime. These facts usually indicate the urgency of a call and thus the degree to which a patrol officer can conduct the preliminary investigation.

13. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: первичная цель, последующий этап расследования, отсрочка в следственной работе, успешное завершение расследования, приступить к чему-либо, существенно повлиять, преступник, сразу после преступления, расширенный поиск, перекрываться, расследование убийства, фрагментарная информация, быть полезным для расследования, тип преступления, местоположение преступления, срочность.

14. Form the nouns and adjectives according to the pattern: investigation – investigative action – ____________ 60

___________ - extensive substance – ___________ _________ - sketchy type - _______________

15. Choose a synonym from the box for each of the following words: to collect, to subsist, deferment, to limit, to endanger, result, hold-up, to prolong, event, immediacy, fragmentary, to confirm To exist, to gather, postponement, to jeopardise, to terminate, delay, outcome, occurrence, to extend, sketchy, to verify, urgency.

16. Complete the sentences using the following words: when, if, as far as, when 1. … a suspect is arrested at or near the scene of a crime or during or shortly after the crime, the limits of a preliminary investigation need to be extended. 2. The follow-up investigation by specialists is a second step, … a postponement of the work of investigation will not necessarily jeopardize the successful completion of the investigation. 3. … an extensive search of the crime scene for physical evidence is necessary, the preliminary and follow-up investigations overlap into a single operation. 4. … crime scene response only is concerned, the patrol officer usually has two facts that shape his or her preliminary plans: the type of crime and the location of the crime.

17. Fill in the gaps with missing words consulting the text: a) One of the primary … of the preliminary investigation is to establish whether the necessary elements of a crime … . b) The … investigation by specialists is a second step. c) The … investigation should begin when an officer is assigned to proceed to a crime scene. 61

d) The nature of the crime and the relationship between a time of occurrence and the time of arresting the … determine whether or not the offense is investigated to conclusion by the patrol officer. e) When a suspect is arrested at the scene of a crime, the limits of a … investigation need to be extended. f) If an extensive search of the crime scene for physical evidence is necessary, the preliminary and follow-up investigations … into a single operation. g) Patrol officers proceed to crime scenes with … information that must first be verified. h) The patrol officer usually has two facts that shape his or her preliminary plans: the type of crime and the … of the crime.

18. Answer the questions: a) What is one of the primary objectives of the preliminary investigation? b) What is the second step of an investigation? c) When should the preliminary investigation begin? d) Is the offense necessarily investigated to conclusion by the patrol officer? e) In what cases do the limits of a preliminary investigation need to be extended? f) Do the preliminary and follow-up investigations overlap into a single operation sometimes? In what case? g) What two facts shape the patrol officer’s preliminary plans?

VOCABULARY 1.

to exist

[ɪɡˈzɪst]

существовать,

иметь

место 2.

to gather

собирать

3.

initial police response

первая реакция полиции

4.

postponement

5.

to jeopardise

[pəustˈpəunmənt]

отсрочка подвергать

опасности, 62

рисковать 6.

to terminate

[ˈtə:mɪneɪt]

заканчивать(ся), ограничивать

7.

delay

[dɪˈleɪ]

задержка, задерживать

8.

to affect

[ə'fekt]

затрагивать, влиять

9.

outcome

[ˈautkʌm]

результат

10.

time of occurrence

11.

perpetrator

[ˈpə:pɪtreɪtə]

преступник

12.

to extend

[ɪksˈtend]

распространяться,

время происшествия

увеличивать,расширять 13.

последующее

follow-up investigation

расследование ['əuvəlæp]

накладываться

14.

to overlap

15.

sketchy information

16.

to verify

[ˈverɪfaɪ]

проверять, подтверждать

17.

urgency

[ˈə:dʒənsɪ]

безотлагательность

отрывочная информация

63

UNIT 8. The patrol officer as an investigator

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: Criminal, patrol, to collect, information, form, minimal, detective, process, role, physical, technicians, classification, practical. 2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Responsibility, investigation, victim, witness, scene, evidence, supervisor, division, unit, duplication, effort, decade, department, assistance, seriousness, search, authority, property, misdemeanor, value, larceny.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To limit, to require, to collect, to record, to review, to result, to expand, to assign, to include, to provide, to locate, to interview, to initiate, to complete, to involve, to refer, to investigate, to handle. 4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Criminal, physical, investigative, immediate, certain, serious. 5. Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases: 1. patrol

1. scene

2. criminal

2. department

3. crime

3. information

4. physical

4. evidence

5. police

5. division

6. basic

6. officer

7. detective

7. assistance

8. immediate

8. investigations

64

6. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations. Translate them: Patrol officer, criminal investigations, basic information, physical evidence, detective division, investigative unit, police departments, new responsibilities, immediate assistance, to locate witnesses, to interview victims and witnesses, to record information, crime scene, the seriousness of the crime, the presence of physical evidence, evidence technicians, to initiate the case, the authority to initiate and complete the investigation, classifications of crime, misdemeanors, larceny cases, serious crimes, specialized investigative units, different types of investigations, highvolume

crimes,

criminal

investigators,

specialized

skill,

trained

criminal

investigators.

7. Match synonyms: 1. to locate

a. duties

2. witness

b. offence

3. evidence

c. eyewitness

4. responsibilities

d. to start

5. to initiate

e. to find

6. crime

f. to book

7. to record

g. clues

8. Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the following group of words: 1) victim, patrol officer, witness, criminal; 2) to locate, to interview, to record, to commit; 3) evidence, larceny, theft, robbery, murder; 4) patrol officer, investigator, perpetrator, evidence technician.

9. Translate the following definitions of the words: 1. A supervisor is one that directs or oversees a person, group, department, organization, or operation. 65

2. A department is a large unit of a governmental, business, or educational organization. 3. A division is one of the units into which a whole is divided on the basis of a common characteristic. 4. A misdemeanor is a crime that carries a less severe punishment than a felony.

10. Find and underline suffixes in the following words. Translate them into Russian: Assistance,

responsibility,

investigation,

officer,

classification,

effectively,

seriousness, investigative, information, limited, investigator, traditionally, criminal, basic.

11. Read and translate the text: The patrol officer as an investigator Traditionally, the responsibility of patrol officers in criminal investigations has been limited. Patrol officers have been required only to collect and record the most basic information by asking simple questions of the victims and witnesses and recording their answers on a report form. While in the past, patrol officers have studied crime scenes for physical evidence, usually the time spent on any one incident has been minimal. As a rule, reports have been reviewed by a supervisor and then sent to the detective division or an investigative unit for follow up. In many cases, this process has resulted in duplication of efforts by investigators. Over the past decade, many police departments have expanded the role of the patrol officer to responsibilities which are traditionally assigned to investigators. These new responsibilities include the following: The patrol officer provides immediate assistance to victims, locates witnesses, interviews both victims and witnesses, and records information about the crime scene. Depending on the seriousness of the crime or the presence of physical 66

evidence, the patrol officer may call for a more specialized search by evidence technicians. To a great extent, this procedure initiates the case. The patrol officer has the authority to initiate and complete investigation of certain classifications of crime, such as all misdemeanors, cases that involve property value up to $1,500, and auto larceny cases. Investigations of more serious crimes continue to be referred to specialized investigative units. The practical effect of this sorting out of responsibilities for different types of investigations is that patrol officers investigate high-volume crimes that can be investigated as effectively by patrol as by criminal investigators. Conversely, investigations that require more time, specialized skill, and effort are handled by trained criminal investigators.

12. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: Патрульный офицер, завершить расследование, детективный отдел, место преступления, свидетели,

форма

оказать

отчета,

вещественное

немедленную

помощь

доказательство, жертвам,

найти

жертвы

и

свидетелей,

следователь по уголовным делам, случаи воровства, начать расследование, следственное управление.

13. Fill in the gaps with missing words consulting the text: 1. The patrol officer provides immediate … to victims. 2. Patrol officers study crime … for physical … . 3. Patrol officers … both victims and witnesses. 4. Trained … investigators handle investigations that require more time and specialized … . 5. Patrol officers not only collect and record the most basic … .

14. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right. Translate them: 1. to provide

2. high-volume crimes

2. to investigate

3. victims and witnesses 67

3. to initiate

4. immediate assistance

4. to interview

5. basic information

5. to collect

6. the case

15. Answer the questions: 1. What are the functions of the patrol officer in criminal investigations? 2. What are the new responsibilities of the patrol officer which are traditionally assigned to investigators? 3. Can the patrol officer initiate and complete investigation? In what cases? 4. Who can handle investigations that require more time, specialized skill, and effort?

16. Discuss the following statements: 1. Discuss ways in which the media have affected our perceptions of the reality of criminal investigation. 2. The role of the patrol officer in a criminal investigation has changed in recent years. Explain the ways in which criminal investigation can become more efficient and effective by utilizing the patrol officer.

VOCABULARY 1.

patrol

2.

patrol officer

3.

scene

4.

crime scene

5.

evidence

[pəˈtrəul]

патруль патрульный офицер

[si:n]

место место преступления

[ˈevɪdəns]

улика, доказательство, свидетельство

6.

вещественное

physical evidence

доказательство 7.

division

[dɪˈvɪʒən]

подразделение 68

8.

detective division

детективный отдел

9.

investigative unit

следственное управление

10.

duplication

[ˌdju:plɪˈkeɪʃən]

дублирование, удвоение

11.

effort

[ˈefət]

усилие, попытка

12.

to expand

[ɪksˈpænd]

расширять

13.

to assign

[əˈsaɪn]

назначать, поручать

14.

immediate assistance

немедленная помощь

15.

evidence technician

Технический специалист

по

вещдокам 16.

high-volume crimes

преступления большого объема

69

UNIT 9. The Crime Scene Response.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Area, description, approach, assistance, considerations, capture, integrity, victim, aid, furniture,

facilities,

supplies,

ambulance,

evaluation,

caution,

fingerprints,

establishments, contamination.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To observe, to flee, to proceed, to administer, to obtain, to scarify, to render, to disturb, to direct, to gain, to occur, to request, to exercise, to concentrate, to identify, to protect, to tie.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Observant, potential, critical, suspicious, secondary, accurate, additional, commercial.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adverb: Directly, unnecessarily, needlessly, reasonably, immediately, normally.

5. Make up as many words as you can by combining different parts of the words: un-

necess-

- ary

in-

direct-

- able

- ly

reasonvalu6. Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. suspicious

a. sources of fingerprints

2. potential

b. aid 70

3. medical

c. suspects

4. possible

d. facts

5. important

e. clues

6. first

f. person

7. valuable

g. assistance

7. Use proper prepositions with the following words. Choose them from the box and make up sentences: for, of, on, within a. medical assistance __ injured parties b. to concentrate __ identifying c. work ____ the crime scene d. the capture __ suspects

8. The following words appear in the text. Match each one with its correct definition: suspect, vehicle, capture, clues, facilities, fingerprint 1. a person suspected of a crime; also : a person apprehended for but not yet charged with an offense. 2. a structure that is designed and built for a particular purpose. 3. one that has been taken and held in confinement. 4. something used to carry goods or passengers. 5. the impression of a fingertip on any surface. 6. a slight or indirect pointing to something.

9. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations. Translate them: potential suspects fleeing the area, descriptions of people and vehicles, to observe a suspect, to stop his or her approach to the crime scene, to administer first aid, obtain medical assistance for injured parties, the capture of suspects, the integrity of 71

valuable clues or evidence, to move furniture, to use facilities, to litter the area, ambulance personnel, to evaluate situation, to make an evaluation of the crime scene, to prevent false moves and mistakes, exercise extreme caution, to concentrate on identifying potential evidence, locations of fingerprints and other evidence, possible sources of fingerprints, to record the details of the scene.

10. Read and translate the text: The Crime Scene Response While approaching the crime scene, the responding officer must remain observant for potential suspects fleeing the area. The officer should note descriptions of people and vehicles leaving the crime area. A critical decision needs to be made by the responding officer when he or she observes a suspect. The officer must decide whether to stop his or her approach to the crime scene and investigate a suspicious person who may be fleeing or to proceed directly to the crime scene. Aid to the Injured. The first duties of police officers at the scene of the crime are to administer first aid and obtain medical assistance for injured parties when required. All considerations are secondary to the well-being of injured parties. Even the capture of suspects and the integrity of valuable clues or evidence may need to be sacrificed to aid a victim. While rendering aid, officers should disturb the scene as little as possible. They should not unnecessarily move furniture, use facilities, or litter the area. For example, first aid supplies should be collected after use. Ambulance personnel should be directed how to enter and work within the crime scene so as not to needlessly disturb it. Evaluate the Situation. After caring for any injured people, the officer should make an evaluation of the crime scene before proceeding with the preliminary investigation. Evaluation of the scene at this time often prevents false moves and mistakes. By observing the overall crime scene, a police officer can gain a reasonably accurate mental image of how the crime occurred and where it was committed. Of 72

course, if additional assistance is needed at the crime scene, the officer should request it immediately. After arriving at the scene, the officer must exercise extreme caution. He or she should concentrate on identifying potential evidence and avoid disturbing the likely locations of fingerprints and other evidence. For example, the swinging double doors common to many commercial establishments should be pushed open at a point lower than normally touched by a person. After the doors are identified as possible sources of fingerprints, they can be protected from contamination by locking them or tying them open. The officer should observe and record the details of the scene. This is done by beginning to take notes as soon as possible. The longer the officer waits, the greater the danger becomes of omitting small but often important facts. The type of small details include whether a door was closed or locked, the lights were all on or off, or the blinds were open or closed.

11. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: Преступник, покидающий место преступления; наблюдать за подозреваемым; оказать первую помощь; поимка подозреваемых; ценные улики; средства скорой помощи; персонал скорой помощи; оценить ситуацию; дополнительная помощь; место расположения отпечатков пальцев; двухстворчатая дверь; жалюзи.

12. Find the synonyms in the text: Answer; offence; origin; gather; help; inquire; care; come.

13. Find in the text the words which have the opposite meanings as the following words: To appear, to withdraw, to leave, to fix, false.

14. Write the verbs which these nouns are formed from: 73

description –

assistance –

protection –

supplies –

evaluation –

fingerprint –

contamination –

establishment –

15. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box: administer first aid, flee the area, disturb, to identify

1.

A criminal can … after committing a crime.

2.

Police officer should … to the injured victim.

3.

The main task of the police officer at the crime scene is … potential evidence.

4.

While rendering the first assistance to the victim nobody should … the crime

scene.

16. Answer the questions: 1. What are the duties of the police officer at the crime scene? 2. Who can administer the first aid to victims at the crime scene? 3. What shouldn’t the ambulance personnel do at the crime scene? 4. What does the police officer concentrate on at the crime scene? 5. Where are the possible sources of fingerprints situated?

VOCABULARY 1.

to remain

[rɪˈmeɪn]

оставаться

2.

observant

[əbˈzə:vənt]

соблюдающий

3.

fleeing the area

убегающий

с

места

происшествия оказать первую помощь

4.

to administer first aid

5.

injure

[ˈɪndʒə]

ранить, травмировать

6.

capture

[ˈkæptʃə]

задержание 74

7.

integrity

of

целостность

valuable

улик

clues 8.

to sacrifice

ценных

[ˈsækrɪfaɪs]

пожертвовать, приносить в жертву

9.

to disturb

[dɪsˈtə:b]

нарушать

10.

facilities

[fəˈsɪlɪtɪ]

оборудование, сооружения

11.

to litter

[ˈlɪtə]

сорить, разбрасывать в беспорядке

12.

to evaluate situation

13.

overall

14.

extreme caution

оценить ситуацию ['əuvərɔːl]

полный, общий чрезвычайная осторожность

15.

to avoid

16.

swinging double doors

[əˈvɔɪd]

избегать дверь на двухсторонних петлях; двухстворчатая дверь

[kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃən]

загрязнение

17.

contamination

18.

tying up

связывание

19.

omitting

исключение

20.

blinds

жалюзи

75

UNIT 10. The functions of the police officer during the preliminary investigation.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: Personnel, operational, procedure, function, specialist, administrative, management, effectively.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Success, failure, survival, apprehension, perpetrator, outcome, prosecution, prompt, response, responsibility, superior, findings, witness, property, requirements, departure, submission, standpoint, authority, guidance.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To determine, to assist, to secure, to apprehend, to preserve, to interview, to perform, to conduct, to ensure, to comply, to detain, to permit.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Necessary, ultimate, proper, several, important, departmental, heavy, appropriate, subsequent, successful, distinct, follow-up, applicable, adequate, well-crafted.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following adverb: Entirely, correctly, properly, initially

6. Form the nouns and adjectives according to the pattern: to assist – assistance effect - effective department - _________________ to correct - ___________________ to perform - __________________ to manage - ___________________ 76

success - ______________________ responsibility - _________________ to preserve - ___________________ to apprehend - _________________ to fail - _______________________ to prosecute - __________________ 7. Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. operational

a. specialists

2. police

b. work

3. departmental

c. aspect

4. investigative

d. training

5. legal

e. procedure

6. necessary

f. officers

8. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations. Translate them: investigative personnel; the success or failure of a criminal investigation; the survival of victims; the apprehension of the perpetrator; the ultimate outcome; to carry out the operational procedures; several important responsibilities; to inform superiors; to assist victims; to secure the crime scene; to apprehend the perpetrator; to collect and preserve evidence; to interview witnesses; the responsibility of departmental specialists; to conduct functions properly; to protect life and property; subsequent investigative work; : administrative, operational, and legal aspects; the administrative requirements; from an operational standpoint; to be aware of all applicable departmental policies; authority to enter a suspected scene; authority to search the scene;, authority to arrest or otherwise detain persons found there; to provide adequate guidance; three-fold responsibility; to carry out properly. 9. Read and translate the text: 77

The functions of the police officer during the preliminary investigation The actions taken by patrol and investigative personnel at a crime scene often determine the success or failure of a criminal investigation. The survival of victims, the apprehension of the perpetrator, and the ultimate outcome of any resulting criminal prosecution may depend entirely upon prompt and proper responses by the officers at the scene. All personnel must understand, and be prepared to carry out correctly, the operational procedures established by the department for the management of crime scenes. Police officers responding to a crime scene have several very important responsibilities. They must: Be prepared to inform superiors of their findings Assist victims Secure and protect the crime scene Apprehend the perpetrator Collect and preserve evidence Interview witnesses Perform other necessary operational functions Even though some of these tasks may be the responsibility of departmental specialists, every officer in the department should be able to conduct all of these functions properly if called upon to do so. Above all, the patrol officers initially responding to the scene must understand that they have a heavy responsibility to ensure that the appropriate actions are taken to protect life and property, preserve evidence, and make it possible for subsequent investigative work to be successful. Any officer responding to a crime scene must understand that the proper management of a crime scene has at least three distinct aspects: administrative, operational, and legal. The officer must comply with the administrative requirements of the officer s department as to procedures to be followed en route to the scene, while at the scene, and after departure from the scene (e.g., investigative follow-up and submission of reports). From an operational standpoint, the officer must be aware of all applicable departmental policies (e.g., assisting victims, securing the crime 78

scene, collecting evidence, or preserving it in place for collection by others) and must be able to carry out these functions effectively. Furthermore, the officer must be aware of the legal constraints applicable to the conduct of officers regarding crime scenes (e.g., authority to enter a suspected scene, authority to search the scene, authority to arrest or otherwise detain persons found there). This three-fold responsibility can be carried out properly only if the department provides adequate guidance through well-crafted crime scene policies and the necessary training to ensure that all officers understand what is expected of them and what they are and are not permitted to do.

10. Read the text once again and find the following words and word combinations in it: Действия, предпринимаемые на месте преступления; успех или провал уголовного расследования; задержание преступника; несколько важных обязанностей; помогать жертвам; охранять место преступления; собирать доказательства; опрашивать свидетелей; защищать жизнь и собственность; сохранить доказательства; обыскать место преступления.

11. Match the following synonyms: 1. perpetrator

a. duty

2. to assist

b. clues

3. responsibility

c. to save

4. evidence

d. primarily

5. to preserve

e. criminal

6. initially

f. eyewitness

7. witness

g. to help

12. Fill in the gaps with the missing words consulting the text: 2.

All investigative personnel should know the operational _____________

established by the department for the management of crime scenes. 79

3.

The first responsibility of the police officer at the crime scene is to ______

victims. 4.

The functions of the investigative personnel at the crime scene are securing the

crime scene, _________ evidence, or ___________ it in place for collection by others. 5.

The patrol officers have to take the appropriate _______ to protect life and

_______, preserve __________ at the crime scene.

13. Try to make as many sentences as you can and translate them into Russian:

-

the

patrol - must

- assist

officer

- the operational -

at

the

procedures

crime scene

- interview

- the crime scene

- correctly

- the investigator

- collect

- the perpetrator

-

- carry out

- victims

- secure

- witnesses

- protect

- evidence

- the investigative - should personnel

the

police

officer -

departmental

specialists

- preserve - apprehend - interview

14. Complete the following sentences in a logical way: 1. The success of failure of a criminal investigation depends on …. 2. Police officers responding to a crime scene have …. 3. The apprehension of the perpetrator, the survival of victims may depend …. 4. The police officer must comply …. 80

15. Answer the questions: 1. What are the most important responsibilities of the police personnel at the crime scene? 2. What must the police officers understand and be prepared to carry out correctly? 3. What may be the responsibility of departmental specialists? 4. What distinct aspects does the proper management of the crime scene have? 5. What must the police officer be aware of?

VOCABULARY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

survival outcome prompt response to inform superiors

6. 7.

to secure and protect the crime scene to apprehend the perpetrator

8. 9.

operational functions departmental specialist

10.

to ensure

11.

subsequent investigative work administrative requirements

12. 13. 14.

submission of reports applicable departmental policies

15. 16. 17.

to detain persons three-fold adequate guidance

[səˈvaɪvəl] [ˈaʊtkʌm] [prɔmpt] [rɪsˈpɔns]

[ɪnˈʃʊə]

[səbˈmɪʃn]

выживание итог, результат быстрый реагирование, реакция оповещать руководство защитить место преступления задержать правонарушителя рабочие функции специалист департамента обеспечивать, убедиться последующая следственная работа административные требования подача рапортов применяемая политика департамента задержать людей Три раза Надлежащее руководство

81

PART III. THE CRIME SCENE. UNIT 11. Obtaining basic information at the crime scene.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Inquiry, identity, account, description, alert, offense, detail, vehicle, weapon, suspect. 2. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To obtain, to conduct, to establish, to arrive, to occur, to broadcast, to lead.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Basic, immediate, essential, lengthy, brief.

4. Translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions: Basic information; preliminary sources of immediate information; to obtain the essential facts of the case; a lengthy inquiry; the identities of victims, witnesses; descriptions of suspects; the nature of the offense; the details about the suspect; mode and direction of travel; description of the vehicle; proceeds of the crime; type of weapon; immediate arrest; fleeing suspect. 5. Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. essential

a. arrest

2. basic

b. suspect

3. field

c. facts

4. immediate

d. unit

5. fleeing

e. information

6. Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the following groups of words: 1) victims, witnesses, suspects, neighbor; 2) scene, details, description, information; 82

3) vehicle, arrest, fingerprints, weapon.

7. Match synonyms: a) source

1) long

b) immediate

2) short

c) lengthy

3) origin

d) the identity

4) the true name

e) brief

5) direct

f) to occur

6) crime

g) offense

7) to interrogate

h) vehicle

8) to happen

i) weapon

9) a means of transport

j) to interview

10)

arms

k) adversely

11)

disagreement

l) discrepancy

12)

negatively

m) circumstances

13)

situation

8. Complete the words with the suffixes. Translate the words: -ty

-ship

active - ___________

relation - ___________

real - _____________

friend - _____________

able - _____________

owner - _____________

visible - ____________

member - ____________

safe - ______________

professor - ____________

-cy

-hood

agent - _________

child - ___________

accurate - _______

brother - __________

infant - _________

neighbor - __________

9. Read and translate the text: 83

Obtaining basic information at the crime scene For the most part, the preliminary sources of immediate information at a crime scene are victims and witnesses. From them, the officer can obtain the essential facts of the case. Although a lengthy inquiry cannot be conducted when the officer first arrives, he or she should establish the following points: the identities of victims, witnesses, and others present at the scene when the officer arrived; brief account from each witness or victim of what occurred, including descriptions of any suspects. After basic information has been obtained, the officer should broadcast a lookout alert or BOLO (be on the lookout). Alerting other field units about the nature of the offense and the details about the suspect, mode and direction of travel, description of the vehicle, proceeds of the crime, and type of weapon used may lead to an immediate arrest of a fleeing suspect.

10. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: Получить основную информацию; предварительные источники информации; личности жертв и свидетелей; природа преступления; детали, касающиеся подозреваемого; направление движения; описание транспортного средства; тип оружия.

11. Match the words with their synonyms: 1. information

a. long

2. basic

b. violation

3. lengthy

c. to come

4. to arrive

d. data

5. to obtain

e. to apply

6. to use

f. info

7. offense

g. to receive 84

8. details

h. fundamental

12. Fill in the gaps with the missing words in the following sentences, the first letter of each word has been given to help you: 1. The police officer should establish the i… of victims and witnesses at the c… scene if possible. 2. He should collect brief a… from each witness of what occurred. 3. The police officer should get the information about the n… of the offense, details about the suspect, types of w…, and description of the v….

13. Transform the sentences using Passive Voice: 1.

The police officer obtains the essential facts of the case from victims and

witnesses. 2.

The patrol officer establishes the identities of victims and witnesses.

3.

The police broadcast a lookout alert.

4.

The police conduct an inquiry at the crime scene.

14. Answer the questions: 1. What are the preliminary sources of immediate information? 2. What can the police officer do at the crime scene? 3. What may lead to an immediate arrest of a fleeing suspect?

15. Discuss the situation: You are investigating a murder. Partner 2 must interview Partner 1 to obtain the crime scene evidence. The object is for Partner 2 to re-create the crime scene diagram without looking at Partner 1’s paper. GENERAL QUESTIONS: 1. Can you describe the house? (small/large, how many rooms, etc.) 85

2. What path did the murderer take through the house? (Which rooms did they walk through?) EVIDENCE QUESTIONS: E1. Where was the BODY found? What position was it in? E2. Where was the GUN (murder weapon) found? E3. Where was the BLOOD found? E4. Where were the murderer’s FOOT PRINTS found? E5. Where was the FORCED ENTRY made? E6. Where was the BROKEN GLASS found? CRIME SCENE

VOCABULARY 1.

a lengthy inquiry

длительное расследование

2.

brief account

краткое изложение 86

[dɪsˈkrɪpʃən]

описание, отчет

3.

description

4.

to broadcast a lookout

Объявить тревогу (или в

alert (BOLO)

розыск)

5.

mode of travel

Способ передвижения

6.

proceeds of the crime

Обстоятельства совершения преступления

7.

to detain

[dɪˈteɪn]

задерживать

87

UNIT 12. Interviewing Witnesses.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: To discuss, adequate, information, to identify, role, manner, technique, license, to document, physical, geographic, factor.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Statements,

memories,

discussion,

neighborhood,

eyewitness,

knowledge,

discrepancy, behavior, interrelationships, account, circumstances, ability, layout, visibility.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To detain, to remove, to allow, to separate, to influence, to volunteer, to accept, to observe, to permit, to interview, to recognize.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Adequate, reluctant, helpful, significant, residential, observant, quick, unusual. 5. Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. crime scene

a. information

2. witnesses

b. building

3. adequate

c. statements

4. license

d. behavior

5. residential

e. layout

6. possible

f. work

7. unusual

g. witnesses

8. geographic

h. numbers

88

6. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right: 1. to detain

a. witnesses

2. to obtain

b. the crime scene

3. to interview

c. information

4. to leave

d. persons

5. to describe

e. suspects

6. to park

f. vehicles

7. Translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions: To detain witnesses; to remove all persons from the crime scene; to discuss the case with each other; to influence the witnesses memories and statements; obtain adequate information; to identify and locate witnesses; to offer to provide information; the license numbers of vehicles; eyewitnesses; to enter or leave the crime scene; persons in the neighborhood; to commit a crime; the number of possible witnesses; to witness the offense; to take statements; to recognize discrepancies or unusual behavior; to examine the interrelationships between the accounts of witnesses and other evidence in the case; to have personal knowledge of the circumstances of the crime; the statements of witnesses; geographic layout of the crime scene; degree of visibility.

8. Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the following group of words: a) to obtain, to get, to receive, to gain, to give; b) lengthy, long, extensive, short, prolonged; c) brief, long, short, small, tiny; d) officer, vehicle, car, truck, ambulance; e) volunteer, reluctant, neighborhood, investigation, witness.

9.Translate the following definitions and guess the words: 1) relevant to the case 2) not wanting to do something 3) short evidence 89

4) the nearest places 5) differences in witnesses’ statements

10. Find and underline suffixes in the following words. Identify the part of speech and translate them into Russian: Essential, information, direction, statement, reluctant, neighborhood, helpful, residential, typically, business, unusual, behavior, interrelationship, circumstances, physical, ability, geographic, visibility.

11. Read and translate the text: Interviewing Witnesses The first officer at the scene must detain witnesses. The officer should quickly remove all persons from the crime scene and should not allow them to return until all of the necessary crime scene work is completed. The witnesses should be separated so they cannot discuss the case with each other. Such discussions among witnesses about the crime can adversely influence the witnesses’ memories and statements. The officer must obtain adequate information to identify and locate witnesses. Some witnesses may volunteer and offer to provide information to the officer. However, witnesses are not always easy to find. Many persons are reluctant to accept the role of witness, and they avoid becoming involved with the investigation in any manner. One technique for identifying witnesses is watching the crowd for persons who are describing what they observed. Also, the officer should ask each witness to point out anyone else who was present at the time of the crime. In major crimes, the license numbers of vehicles parked near the crime scene and in the immediate neighborhood should be documented. The officer should determine which witnesses have the most helpful information and obtain full details from them. Other witnesses who have not observed a significant part of the crime should be permitted to give a brief statement. When possible, witnesses and others should be interviewed in the following order:  Victim 90

 Eyewitnesses  Persons observing the suspect entering or leaving the crime scene  Persons having knowledge or events leading up to the crime  Persons in the neighborhood When a crime is committed within a residential building, the number of possible witnesses may be few. On the other hand, when a crime is committed in a store or on the street, a large number of persons may typically have witnessed the offense. The officer may need to visit adjoining places of business, apartments, or homes to determine if other persons might have knowledge of the crime. The officer’s inquiries must go beyond simply taking statements. He or she cannot accept without question anything stated by a witness. The officer must be observant and quick to recognize discrepancies or unusual behavior on the part of witnesses. Furthermore, the officer must examine the interrelationships between the accounts of witnesses and other evidence in the case. This involves more than establishing that the witness has personal knowledge of the circumstances of the crime; it also involves an examination of the statements of witnesses in relation to their physical ability, geographic layout of the crime scene, weather, and degree of visibility. Other factors include reasons for the witness being present at the scene.

12. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: Быстро удалить всех людей с места преступления; завершить всю необходимую работу на месте преступления; обсуждать дело друг с другом; повлиять на заявления свидетелей; найти свидетелей; номерные знаки транспортных средств;

непосредственное

соседство;

наиболее

полезная

информация;

подозреваемый, прибывший и покинувший место преступления; жилой дом; быть

свидетелем

совершенного

преступления;

необычное

поведение

свидетелей; проверка показаний свидетелей.

13. Give other words with the same root: 91

To discuss; to identify; to observe; to help; to know; to state; to examine; to recognize.

14. Find the suitable definition for each word in the right column: 1.victim

a. a person who sees an event happening,

2. witness

especially a crime or an accident;

3. inquiry 4. statement

b something that someone says or writes officially, or an action done to express an opinion; c. someone who has suffered the effects of violence; d. an official process to discover the facts about a crime that has happened.

15. Fill in the gaps with missing words consulting the text: 1) The first officer at the scene must … witnesses. 2) The officer should quickly … all persons from the crime scene and should not allow them to return until all of the necessary … work is completed. 3) The witnesses should be … so they cannot discuss the case with each other. 4) Discussions among witnesses about the crime can … influence the witnesses’ memories and statements. 5) Some witnesses may … and offer to provide information to the officer. 6) Many persons are … to accept the role of witness, and they avoid becoming involved with the … in any manner. 7) In major crimes, the … numbers of vehicles parked near the crime scene and in the … neighborhood should be documented. 8) Other … who have not observed a significant part of the crime should be permitted to give a … statement. 9) When a crime is committed within a … building, the number of possible witnesses may be few. 10) The officer may need to visit … places of business, 92

apartments, or homes to determine if other persons might have … of the crime. 11) The officer must be … and quick to recognize … or unusual behavior on the part of witnesses. 12) The officer must examine the … between the accounts of witnesses and other evidence in the case.

16. Fill in the blanks with the proper auxiliary verbs given in the box: may, should, cannot, should, must 1. The police officer … accept without question anything stated by a witness. 2. The witnesses … be separated so they cannot discuss the case with each other. 3. The license numbers of vehicles parked near the crime scene and in the immediate neighborhood … be documented. 4. The first officer at the scene … detain witnesses. 5. The officer … need to visit adjoining places of business, apartments, or homes to determine if other persons might have knowledge of the crime.

17. Put the words in the following sentences in order, the first word in each sentence is in italics: 1. scene, removes, all, the officer, from, the crime, persons. 2. the witnesses, each other, can, with, the case, discuss. 3. locate, identify, the officer, must, witnesses, and. 4. eyewitnesses, should be, persons, victims, interviewed, in, the neighborhood.

18. Answer the questions: 1. Why should the police officer quickly remove everybody from the crime scene? 2. Why must the witnesses be separated? 3. How can the police officer find the witnesses at the crime scene? 4. What is the order of interviewing of the witnesses? 93

5. What places should the police officer visit to find the eyewitnesses of the crime? 6. Can the police officer accept without question anything stated by a witness? Why? 7. Why are some witnesses reluctant to accept the role of a witness? 8. Where are there usually more witnesses, in a residential building or on the street? 9. Should the officer recognize discrepancies or unusual behavior on the part of witnesses? 10. Is the physical ability of the witness important? 11. Should the officer consider the reasons for the witness being present at the scene?

94

95

VOCABULARY 1.

to volunteer

[ˌvɔlənˈtɪə]

добровольно вызываться, предлагать

2.

reluctant

3.

license number

4.

to permit

5.

to give a brief statement

[rɪˈlʌktənt]

отказывающийся номерные знаки

['pɜːmɪt]

разрешать, позволять сделать

краткое

сообщение жилой дом

6.

a residential building

7.

to adjoin

[əˈdʒɔɪn]

примыкать

8.

discrepancy

[dɪsˈkrepənsɪ]

несоответствие

9.

interrelationships

[ˈɪntərɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp]

взаимосвязь

10.

accounts

[əˈkaunt]

зд. оценки

11.

geographic layout

географическое расположение

12.

degree of visibility

степень видимости

96

UNIT 13. Crime scene field notes.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: Process, comments, logical, culmination, resulting, fragment, to organize, subject.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Duration, involvement, importance, interview, assignment, flow, reality, explanation.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To intimidate, to benefit, to refuse, to log, to pose, to encounter, to accomplish, to happen, to communicate, to pinpoint.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Continual, overall, unusual, initial, specific.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following adverbs: Accordingly, immediately, probably, exactly. 6. Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. field

a. investigation

2. investigative

b. question

3. overall

c. explanation

4. specific

d. information

5. `initial

e. notes

6. desired

f. process

7. Translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions: Crime scene field notes; the investigative process; the note-taking process; the duration of an officer’s involvement in an investigation; to explain the importance of 97

brief notes; to benefit the overall investigation; to refuse to talk; to make the required notes immediately after the interview; a logical flow of events; the culmination of the investigation; fragmented bits of information; initial explanation; more specific questions; to pinpoint exactly what occurred.

8. Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the following group of words: 1) what, when, as long as, where, why, how; 2) to write, to learn, to get, to forgive; 3) process, statement, procedure, proceeding; 4) to require, to need, to forget, to demand.

9. Form verbs, nouns or adverbs according to the pattern: to continue - continual immediate - __________ __________ - investigator to involve - ____________ __________ - information to explain - ____________ __________ - organization Simple - _______________ _________ - refusal

10. Read and translate the text: Crime scene field notes The investigative process begins as soon as an officer gets a call to the scene of a crime. Accordingly, the note-taking process also begins at this time. Officers should remember that note taking is a continual process that occurs throughout the duration of an officer’s involvement in an investigation. Some victims or witnesses may be intimidated by an officer taking down what is said during an interview. If it appears that this is the case, the investigator should take the time to explain the importance of 98

brief notes and how they will benefit the overall investigation. If a subject simply refuses to talk while comments are being recorded, the officer can wait and make the required notes immediately after the interview. It would be ideal if investigative notes could begin with the assignment of the officer to the case and follow through in a logical flow of events to the culmination of the investigation. In reality, however, notes most probably are written in the order in which information is learned, resulting in fragmented bits of information being logged. This is not unusual and should not pose a problem for the investigator provided that notes are complete and well organized. When first encountering a witness or victim, it is important for the investigator to allow the person to state in his or her own words what occurred. This is best accomplished by asking the simple question, What happened? It is likely that much of the desired information will be communicated to the investigator at that point. After the subject provides his or her initial explanation, then more specific questions should be asked to pinpoint exactly what occurred. Most information can be learned with answers to who, what, when, where, why and how.

11. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: Процесс следствия; вовлечение офицера полиции в расследование дела; жертвы и свидетели; процесс составления заметок по делу; во время опроса (жертв и свидетелей); объяснить важность; приносить пользу всему расследованию; отказаться говорить; записать показания; сделать необходимые заметки; отдельные куски информации; передать своими словами, что произошло; нужная информация; первоначальное объяснение; более подробные вопросы; точно определить.

12. Match the words with their synonyms: 1. to refuse

a. to happen

2. accordingly

b. to profit 99

3. to begin

c. consistency

4. to benefit

d. to start

5. culmination

e. fragment

6. order

f. consequently

7. bit

g. to decline

8. to occur

h. completion

13. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right. Translate them: 1. to get

a. the investigation

2. to interview

b. the notes

3. to benefit

c. a call

4. to explain

d. comments

5. to provide

e. the time

6. to record

f. witnesses

7. to take

g. the importance

14. Insert prepositions from the box into the word combinations consulting the text: of (2), for, to, after, in

- to get a call ___ the scene ___ a crime; - an officer’s involvement ___ an investigation; - to explain the importance ___ brief notes; - to make the notes ___ the interview; - not to pose a problem ___ the investigator.

15. Change sentences using the Passive Voice: 1. The police officer explained the importance of brief notes. 2. The officer often records the comments of the witnesses during the interview. 100

3. The police officer allows the person to state in his or her words what occurred. 4. The victim provides his initial explanation at the crime scene.

16. Complete the sentences consulting the text: 1. The investigative process begins… . 2. Some victims or witnesses may be intimidated by an officer … . 3. The officer can wait and make the required notes immediately after the interview … . 4. it is important for the investigator … . 5. Most information can be learned … .

17. Answer the questions: 1. When does the investigative process begin? 2. What must the investigator do if the victim or witness refuses to talk while comments are being recorded? 3. Why is it important for the police officer to make notes? 4. In what order are most notes written? 5. Which questions should the police officer ask the victims and witnesses?

VOCABULARY 1.

процесс

note-taking process

создания

заметок 2.

duration

[djuəˈreɪʃən]

продолжительность

3.

involvement

[ɪnˈvɔlvmənt]

участие

4.

to intimidate

[ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt]

запугивать

5.

to benefit

[ˈbenɪfɪt]

приносить пользу

6.

to refuse

[rɪ'fjuːz]

отказываться, отвергать

7.

assignment

[əˈsaɪnmənt]

назначение

8.

culmination

[ˌkʌlmɪˈneɪʃən] кульминация

9.

to log

[lɔɡ]

10.

encountering

зарегистрировать столкновение 101

11.

to communicate

[kəˈmju:nɪkeɪt] сообщать

12.

to pinpoint

[ˈpɪnpɔɪnt]

точно определять

102

UNIT 14. Detailed information of the field notes.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: Process, officer, location, social, special, tattoo, type, to document, diameter, photograph, video camera, container, documentation.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Specifics, topic, example, assignment, arrival, lighting, weather, condition, identifier, age, security, number, height, weight, color, hair, clothing, garment, attention, complexion, scar, wound, description, bruise, gunshot, inch, temple, circle, disarray, item, F-stop, shutter, distance, direction, attachment, disposition, absence, notation, article, furnishings.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To record, to receive, to contract, to style, to emphasize, to surround, to damage, to misplace, to belong, to discover, to seal, to mark, to decease.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Essential, supplementary, exact, extemporaneous, entire, overall, unusual, careful, certain, absent.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following adverbs: Additionally, carefully, approximately, adequately, probably.

6. Try to match up the adjectives and the nouns in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. field

a. time

2. essential

b. conditions

3. supplementary

c. information 103

4. exact

d. identifiers

5. weather

e. notes

6. special

f. scene

7. extemporaneous

g. topic

8. crime

h. attention

7. Find the names for the groups of words. Fill in each of the spaces: 1) name, age, height, weight - …; 2) sweatshirt, jacket, raincoat, dress - …; 3) location, time, type, date - …; 4) wound, bruise, injury, hurt - … .

8. Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the following group of words: 1) assignment, appointment, designation, arrival; 2) clothes, garment, complexion, apparel; 3) item, detail, type, thing; 4) photograph; view; picture; snapshot; 5) furnishing; trappings; description; accommodations.

9. The following words appear in the text. Match each one with its correct definition: 1. garment 2. gunshot

1. A particular point or place in physical space; 2. a name, series of numbers, etc. that is used in a system to represent someone or something;

3. identifier 4. attachment 5. complexion

3. a piece of clothing; 4. the colour of the skin on someone's face; 5. the sound or action of a gun being fired; 6. an extra part that can be added to a piece of

6. location

equipment.

10. Translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions: 104

The note-taking process; essential topics of information; the date and time of the investigators’ assignment to the case; to receive the assignment; supplementary information; the exact time of arrival at the crime scene; the location of the scene; lighting and weather conditions; description of victim; all identifiers of the victim; name, age, social security number, height, weight, color of hair and eyes; style and color of garment; extemporaneous identifiers; wounds on the victim; notes regarding the type and location of wounds; to emphasize descriptions of the wound; items damaged or in disarray; notes on photographs taken on the scene, shutter speed, distance, and direction of the photo; to document the scene; the type of camera and any special attachments; type and location of each piece of evidence; the location of each piece of evidence; , the type of container; to seal and mark the container; the disposition of the item; absence of items; the documentation of items; certain articles of clothing missing from the deceased; certain home furnishings absent from the scene.

11. Form the nouns from the verbs: To locate, to arrive, to identify, to describe, to direct, to attach, to contain.

12. Read and translate the text: Detailed information of the field notes Certain specifics should be included in the note-taking process. The following are some examples of essential topics of information: Dates, times, and locations. To begin, the date and time of the investigators’ assignment to the case should be well recorded in his or her notes. Additionally, officers should include from whom they received the assignment. Supplementary information should include the exact time of arrival at the crime scene, the location of the scene, lighting and weather conditions, and the names of other officers contacted and other persons present at the scene. Description of victim. This information should include all identifiers of the victim, including name, age, social security number, height, weight, color of hair and 105

eyes, and so on. In addition, clothing should be noted as to style (if possible) and color of garment. Special attention should be given to extemporaneous identifiers such as complexion, tattoos, and scars. Wounds on the victim. Notes regarding the type and location of wounds should be documented carefully. It is important to emphasize descriptions of the wound, and if it is a bruise, its color should be noted. For example, notes of a gunshot wound might read: Gunshot wound approximately 1/4 inch in diameter to the left temple and approximately 1-1/2 inches from the left eye. A dark gray circle about 1/4 inch in diameter surrounds the entire wound. Overall description of the crime scene. Investigators must note anything unusual at the crime scene. This includes items damaged or in disarray, items that seem misplaced or that don’t seem to belong in the scene, open (or closed) doors or windows, and so on. Notes on photographs taken on the scene. For every photograph taken of the scene (and there should be many), the F-stop, shutter speed, distance, and direction of the photo should be logged in an officer’s notes. Also included should be the time and location of each photograph. In the event that a video camera is used to document the scene, an officer’s notes should include the type of camera and any special attachments that may have been used. Type and location of each piece of evidence. An investigator should be careful to document adequately the location of each piece of evidence found at the crime scene. This includes its description, location, the time it was discovered and by whom, the type of container in which it was placed, how the container was sealed and marked, and the disposition of the item after it was collected. Absence of items. This notation includes the documentation of items not at the crime scene that probably should be such as certain articles of clothing missing from the deceased or certain home furnishings absent from the scene.

13. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: 106

Дата и время назначения офицера полиции на должность для расследования дела; дополнительная информация; точное время прибытия на место преступления; расположение места преступления; освещение и погодные условия; описание жертвы; страховой номер; рост, вес, цвет глаз и волос; стиль и цвет предметов одежды; цвет кожи, шрамы; раны жертвы; тип и расположение ран; рана от оружейного выстрела; поврежденные предметы; предметы, расположенные в неположенном месте; использовать видеокамеру; тип камеры и специальных приспособлений; задокументировать расположение каждого элемента вещественных доказательств; тип контейнера; опечатать и промаркировать предмет; пропавшие предметы одежды; отсутствующие детали меблировки дома.

14. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right: 1. to receive

a. a photograph

2. to take

b. the location

3. to use

c. an assignment

4. to document

d. the container

5. to include

e. a video camera

6. to seal

f. the description

15. Match the following synonyms: 1. exact

a. length

2. assignment

b. task

3. lighting

c. injury

4. condition

d. way

5. wound

e. strict

6. distance

f. illumination

7. direction

g. term

16. Give antonyms and translate them: 107

Essential, well, arrival, attention, circle, to damage, to misplace, to receive, supplementary, unusual, careful, approximately.

17. Change sentences using Active Voice: 1. Tough new measures have been introduced to fight crime. 2. An assignment to the case was received by an investigator. 3. Anything unusual must be noted by the investigators at the crime scene. 4. A video camera is used by the police officers to document the crime scene. 5. The item was placed by the officer into the container. 6. He was arrested despite the lack of evidence against him. 7. She was called to give evidence at his trial. 8. A wound was made by a knife or bullet.

18. Fill in the gaps with missing words consulting the text: 1. Dates, locations, description and wounds of … are some examples of essential topics of information included in the … process. 2. The exact time of the investigator’s arrival at the crime scene, the … of the crime scene, the weather … are supplementary information for the investigator. 3. Extemporaneous identifiers for victim are …, tattoos, complexion. 4. Investigators must note items that seem … that don’t seem to … in the scene. 5. The location of each piece of … found at the crime scene is documented carefully.

19. Answer the questions: 1. What are the examples of essential topics of information in the note-taking process? 2. Is it necessary to include the information of the investigators’ assignment to the case into his notes? Why? 3. What should supplementary information include? 4. What information is the description of victim composed of? 5. What are extemporaneous identifiers? 6. What unusual information about the crime scene must the investigators note? 7. What are the characteristics of every photograph taken on the scene? 108

8. How does the investigator document each piece of evidence at the scene? Why?

20.

Learn

information

the of

investigator’s

the notes

from the crime scene: 1) Answer questions:

the

1. What type of violation was committed? 2. Who was the victim of this crime? 3. When committed?

was

it

4. What is the location of the crime scene? 5. What happened at the crime scene? 6. What was stolen? 2) Complete the whole story about the crime committed. VOCABULARY [spəˈsɪfɪks]

специфика

1.

specifics

2.

note-taking process

3.

assignment

[əˈsʌɪnm(ə)nt]

назначение

4.

supplementary

[ˌsʌplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ri]

дополнительный,

Процесс ведения записей

добавочный 5.

identifier

6.

social security number

[ʌɪˈdɛntɪfʌɪə]

идентификатор, признак страховой номер 109

7.

garment

[ˈɡɑːm(ə)nt]

одежда, предмет одежды

8.

extemporaneous

[ɪkˌstɛmpəˈreɪnɪəs]

незапланированный, неподготовленный

9.

complexion

[kəmˈplɛkʃ(ə)n]

цвет лица

10.

to emphasize

[ˈɛmfəsʌɪz]

подчеркивать, акцентировать, выделять

11.

bruise

[bruːz]

синяк, ушиб, кровоподтек

12.

gunshot

[ˈɡʌnʃɒt]

(ружейный) выстрел

13.

temple

[ˈtɛmp(ə)l]

храм,

висок,

височная

область 14.

overall

[ˌəʊvərˈɔːl]

общий,

полный,

всеобщий 15.

disarray

[dɪsəˈreɪ]

беспорядок, замешательство

16.

to misplace

[mɪsˈpleɪs]

класть

не

на

место,

ставить не на место 17.

скорость

shutter speed

срабатывания

фотографического затвора 18.

attachment

[əˈtatʃm(ə)nt]

присоединение, прикрепление, приспособление

19.

to seal

[siːl]

печатать,

заклеить,

изолировать 20.

disposition

[dɪspəˈzɪʃ(ə)n]

расположение, распоряжение, размещение, характер

21.

item

[ˈaɪtəm]

пункт, вопрос, изделие, товар

22.

notation

[nəʊˈteɪʃ(ə)n]

нотация,

запись, 110

примечание 23.

to decease

[dɪˈsiːs]

скончаться, умереть

111

UNIT 15. Writing the Official Police Report.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: To inform, report, final, product, analysis, official, process, arrest, fact, special, detail, manner, information, heroin, medical, confidential.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Effort, event, trial, intelligence, data, opportunity, background, complaint, issue, prosecutor, circumstance, defense, attorney, testimony, backbone, suspect, thumb, scrutiny, speculation, opinion, conclusion, informant, addict, disclosure, verification, source, article.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To occur, to provide, to misunderstand, to interpret, to bog down, to decipher, to confuse, to muddle, to reflect, to contain, to define, to mention, to presume, to verify, to validate, to converse, to obtain, to allege.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Permanent, useful, numerous, evidentiary, essential, mediocre, evident, factual, thorough, pertinent, factual.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following adverbs: Consequently, importantly, poorly, easily, carefully, generally, personally.

6. Try to match up the adjectives and the nouns in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. numerous

a. attorney

2. intelligence

b. information

3. official

c. informant 112

4. defense

d. ways

5. confidential

e. order

6. court

f. report

7. Translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions: Investigative efforts; permanent record; evidentiary matter at trial; intelligence information; crime analysis data; the background of the investigation; to write mediocre report; a poorly prepared report; to become evident; to try to interpret; to decipher facts and circumstances of the case; the defense attorney; to confuse the officer’s testimony; to muddle the issue; the backbone of the criminal prosecution process; a permanent record of the complaint and the facts and events; the arrest of the suspect; an important three-pronged rule of thumb; to be under close scrutiny; to reflect pertinent facts; to contain hearsay information; speculation or opinions of the investigator; a heroin addict; to verify the information; to validate the information; undercover officer; to converse with the suspect; to obtain court order; disclosure of medical records; confidential informant; newspaper article.

8. Find synonyms for the following words: Efforts, facts, circumstances, defense, issue, process, to reflect, opinion, to verify, source, true, to converse.

9. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right: 6. to write

a. facts of the case

7. to decipher

b. the testimony

8. to use

c. information

9. to confuse

d. reports

10.to contain

e. opinion

11.to verify

f. a tool

10. Complete as many words as you can with the same root: 113

To verify, to inform, to investigate, to testify, to prosecute, to define.

11. Read and translate the text: Writing the Official Police Report A criminal investigator’s written report represents the final product of his or her investigative efforts. The report informs others of what events have occurred and provides a permanent record useful in numerous ways as evidentiary matter at trial, intelligence information, and crime analysis data. The report represents their only opportunity to learn about the background of the investigation. Consequently, it is essential the report be written so it can be understood, and more importantly, so it is not misunderstood. Many police officers write mediocre reports. A poorly prepared report can easily become evident when one officer tries to read another officers reports and tries to interpret what is being said. If an official report is difficult to understand, the complaint-issuing process will be bogged down, and it will be difficult for the prosecutor to decipher the facts and circumstances of the case. In addition, a poorly written report gives the defense attorney a tool to use during trial to confuse the officer’s testimony and to muddle the issue. Investigators should remember that the official police report is the backbone of the criminal prosecution process. It is a permanent record of the complaint and of the facts and events leading up to the arrest of the suspect. An important three-pronged rule of thumb to remember is that official reports should be factual, thorough, and to the point because they will be under close scrutiny when the case goes to court. The police report must be prepared carefully so that it accurately reflects all pertinent facts learned by investigators. Special attention should be given to dates, times, and other details of the investigation. In addition, these facts must be written in such a manner that the reader of the report easily understands them. It is important that the police report be factual and not contain hearsay information, speculation, or opinions of the investigator. Facts are generally defined as information learned personally by the investigator and not conclusions presumed by 114

him or her. For example, if an informant tells the investigator that a suspect is a heroin addict, this information should be verified before stating it as fact in the official report. After the information has been verified, the investigator should include in the report how the information was validated. For example, were undercover officers used to converse with the suspect, or were court orders obtained for disclosure of medical records? In the event that verification is not possible, the investigator should mention that the information was alleged to be true by the source (e.g., confidential informant, witness, newspaper article).

12. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: Письменный отчет следователя; попытки провести расследование по делу; неизменный отчет; доказательная база в суде; разведывательная информация; данные анализа материалов по преступлению; подоплека; посредственный отчет; интерпретировать сказанное; процесс рассмотрения жалобы; разобрать факты и обстоятельства дела; плохо написанный отчет; адвокат защиты; запутать показания; основа процесса вынесения обвинения по уголовному делу; ведущий к аресту подозреваемого; внимательное изучение; предположение следователя; точка зрения следователя; героиновый наркоман; проверить информацию; подтвердить информацию; конфиденциальный информатор.

13. Find in the text the words which have the similar meaning as the following words: To happen, hard, procurator, to apprehend, meaningful, to compose, to check, to classify, attempt.

14. Find in the text the words which have the opposite meaning as the following words: Initial, single, well, hardly, unofficial, to exclude, impossible, false. 115

15. Give other words with the same root: Crime, to represent, to use, consequent, important, to prepare, ease, difficult, to prosecute, to speculate, to verify.

16. Fill in the gaps with the missing words in the following sentences, the first letter of each word has been given to help you: 1. The prosecutor deciphers f… and c… of the case on the base of the criminal investigator’s r… . 2. The d… attorney uses a poorly written report as a t… to confuse the officer’s testimony. 3. The criminal prosecution process is based on the o… police report. 4. Dates, times, and other d… of the investigation are very important for the p… report. 5. The official police report can’t contain h… information, speculation, or o… of the investigator.

17. Put the words in the following sentences in order, the first word in each sentence is in italics: 1. to be, the official, written, police, understood, report, is by, the. 2. the case, the prosecutor, circumstances, deciphers, and, of, the facts. 3. the trial, the defense, the officer’s, tries, during, to confuse, testimony, attorney. 4. process, the backbone, the, criminal, report, prosecution, the official, is, police. 5. prepared, a report, carefully, is, the police, by. 6. very, other, investigation, dates, details, important, and, of, times, the, are.

18. Answer the questions: 1. What is the final product of the efforts of the criminal investigator? 2. What information does the official police report contain? 3. Why can a poorly prepared report be a problem? 4. How can the defense attorney use a poorly written police report in the court? 116

5. What is the backbone of the criminal prosecution process? 6. What qualities should the official report have? 7. Can the police report contain hearsay information? Why? 8. Why should the informant’s information be verified?

VOCABULARY 1.

permanent record

[ˈpəːm(ə)nənt]

неизменный отчет

2.

evidentiary matter

[ˌɛvɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)ri]

доказательная база

3.

intelligence information

разведывательная информация

4.

данные

crime analysis data

анализа

материалов

по

преступлению 5.

background

[ˈbakɡraʊnd]

предпосылка, подоплека

6.

mediocre

[ˌmiːdɪˈəʊkə]

посредственный, заурядный

7.

8.

complaint-issuing

процесс

process

жалобы

to bog down

застрять,

рассмотрения встретиться

с

трудностями 9.

to decipher

[dɪˈsʌɪfə]

разбирать, расшифровать

10.

to confuse the testimony

[kənˈfjuːz]

запутать

[ˈtɛstɪməni]

показания

11.

to muddle the issue

12.

complaint

свидетельские

испортить дело [kəmˈpleɪnt]

жалоба, иск, возбуждение уголовного дела

13.

14.

three-pronged

rule

of

трехаспектное

thumb

эмпирическое правило

close scrutiny

внимательный

осмотр, 117

внимательное изучение 15.

speculation

[ˌspɛkjʊˈleɪʃn]

предположение, домысел

16.

to presume

[prɪˈzjuːm]

предполагать, допускать

17.

to verify

[ˈvɛrɪfʌɪ]

проверять, подтверждать

18.

to validate

[ˈvalɪdeɪt]

утверждать,

придавать

юридическую силу 19.

to converse

20.

disclosure record

[kənˈvəːs] of

medical [dɪsˈkləʊʒə]

разговаривать раскрытие

медицинских

записей

118

UNIT 16. The Process of the Report writing.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: Information, to collect, informant, structure, report, effective, organization, critical, element, type, to arrest, copy.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Writing, aid, supervisor, description, injury, victim, suspect, weapon, evidence, identifier, statement.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To organize, to prepare, to proofread, to evaluate, to accomplish, to administer, to notify, to use.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives and adverbs: Complete, pertinent, immediate, quickly, succinctly.

5. Translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions: Report writing; to collect information about informants and witnesses; to take complete notes; to proofread the report; to evaluate the report; to learn pertinent information; the effective organization of information; elements of the report; to administer first aid; to notify immediate supervisor; description of injuries; types of weapon; identifiers of all suspects arrested; copies of written statements.

6. Try to match up the adjectives and the nouns in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. pertinent

a. aid

2. effective

b. statement

3. first

c. organization 119

4. arrested

d. information

5. written

e. suspect

7. Find the names for the groups of words. Fill in each of the spaces: 1) to proofread, to amend, to correct, to cure - … . 2) to prepare, to set, to ready, to organize - … . 3) to evaluate, to appraise, to appreciate, to estimate - … . 4) to collect, to assemble, to compile, to gather - … . 5) crime, delinquency, misdeed, misdemeanor - … . 6) structure, building, construction, frame - … .

8. Decide which word is the odd one out in each of the following group of words: 1) type, kind, sort, ugly; 2) complexion, description, exposition, portrait; 3) suspect, victim, defendant, distrust; 4) statement, affirmation, negotiation, argument.

9. The following words appear in the text. Match each one with its correct definition: 1. informant

a. basic medical treatment that is given to someone as soon as possible after they have

2. supervisor

been hurt in an accident or suddenly become ill;

3. first aid

b. a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident;

4. witness

c. someone who gives information to another person or organization; d. a person whose job is to supervise someone or something.

10. Read and translate the text: 120

The Process of the Report writing Steps in Report Writing 1. Collect information about the crime scene, informants, and witnesses. 2. Take complete notes. 3. Organize the information. 4. Prepare the report. 5. Proofread and evaluate the report. The Structure of the Report The report should be structured so that the reader is able to learn pertinent information quickly and succinctly. To best accomplish this, the effective organization of information on the report is critical. Elements of the Report Who the officer was met by at the crime scene. What the officer found at the scene. What the officer did at the scene (e.g., administered first aid, notified immediate supervisor). Description of injuries to victim or suspect. Type of weapon used. Description of all evidence. Names and identifiers of all suspects arrested. Names of all witnesses. Copies of written statements given by witnesses.

11. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: Процесс написания отчета; собрать информацию о месте преступления; собрать информацию

об

информаторах;

подготовить

отчет;

оценить

отчет;

соответствующая информация, быстро и сжато, необходима эффективная организация информации; элементы отчета; найти на месте преступления; оказанная первая помощь; немедленно оповестить руководителя; раны жертвы; 121

тип использованного оружия; описание всех доказательств; имена свидетелей; письменные показания свидетелей.

12. Match words and word combinations with their synonyms: 1. note

a. wound

2. to organize

b. arms

3. to prepare

c. to make up

4. to proofread

d. to apprehend

5. to evaluate

e. to correct

6. injury

f. to estimate

7. weapon

g. to ready

8. to arrest

h. remark

13. Give other words with the same root: Description, collection, effective, organization, informant, preparation, statement, administration.

14. Insert the prepositions in the box into the word combinations: On, at, of (2), about, to, by To collect information _____ the witnesses; statements given ___ witnesses; to find ___ the crime scene; the effective organization ___ information ___ the report; description ___ injuries ___ victim.

15. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right: 1. to take

a. information

2. to prepare

b. report

3. to proofread

c. evidence

4. to organize

d. report

5. to describe

e. statements 122

6. to copy

f. notes

16. Answer the questions: 1. What are the steps in writing report? 2. What are the elements of the report? 3. How should the report be structured? Why?

VOCABULARY informant

2.

complete notes

3.

to proofread

4.

succinctly

кратко

5.

to administer first aid

оказать первую помощь

6.

to

уведомить

notify

[ɪnˈfɔ:mənt]

осведомитель

1.

законченные записи [ˈpru:fri:d]

immediate

корректировать

непосредственного

supervisor

руководителя 7.

weapon

[ˈwepən]

оружие, вид оружия

8.

statement

[ˈsteɪtmənt]

заявление, показания

123

UNIT 17. Documenting Interviews.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: Reporter, category, manner, location, physical, method, operation, interview, techniques, communication, logically, recorder, phrase, absolute, positive, to document.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Item, data, complaint, identification, nature, search, grouping, discovery, clue, bystander, conversation, variety, skill, attention, job, judgement, source, comparison, inch, pound, conclusion, opinion, gunfire, vicinity, noise, finding.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To consider, to include, to refer, to determine, to obtain, to demand, to record, to involve, to require, to dig, to guide, to flow, to distinguish, to verify, to base, to describe, to indicate, to mislead.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Essential, preliminary, full, evidentiary, important, communicative, basic, loud, initial, supplemental.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following adverbs: Specifically, extremely, both, however, temporarily, sequentially, overly.

6. Translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions: Newspaper reporter; the following items; an essential information; preliminary information; category of data; identification of the location, time and nature of the crime; full identification of the victim; the information provided by victims and witnesses; physical evidence; the search for a discovery of evidentiary items; an 124

extremely important category; a clue to determining the suspect; obtaining information from victims, witnesses, or bystanders; the use of basic interviewing techniques; gunfire in the vicinity of the home; the initial complaint; supplemental reports.

7. Try to match up the adjectives and the nouns in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. essential

a. skills

2. preliminary

b. noise

3. physical

c. information

4. communicative

d. complaint

5. loud

e. evidence

6. initial

f. report

7. supplemental

g. information

8. Divide the following words into three groups: 1) nouns; 2) verbs; 30 adjectives: Category, techniques, require, identification, important, vicinity, distinguish, judgement, verify, basic, indicate, supplemental, conversation, dig, essential.

9. Find the names for the groups of words. Fill in each of the spaces: 1) time, location, nature, identification - … . 2) victims, witnesses, bystanders, eyewitnesses - … . 3) to ask, to question, to interview, to interrogate - … .

10. Use prefixes from the box to form the words with the opposite meaning: dis-, un-, im-, inLike, important, to substantiate, able, polite, to agree, possible, known, comfortable, order, accurate, appropriate, to approve. 125

11. Read and translate the text: Documenting Interviews In forming questions for taking reports, the criminal investigator is much like a newspaper reporter. The investigator needs to know the answers to questions who, what, when, where, and how. More specifically, the following items are considered as an essential information: Preliminary information. This category of data includes the time and manner in which the complaint was received; identification of the location, time, and nature of the crime; and full identification of the victim. Witnesses. This grouping refers to information provided by victims, witnesses, or other persons at the crime scene. Physical evidence. The search for a discovery of evidentiary items must be included in the officer’s records. Modus operandi. This is an extremely important category because in many cases, the method of operation is a clue to determining the suspect. Obtaining information from victims, witnesses, or bystanders is more demanding than recording conversations at a crime scene. Interviews involve a variety of skills, both communicative and investigative, that require the investigators full attention. The use of basic interviewing techniques opens up communication between the investigator and the person being interviewed. However, the investigator must be skilled at forming questions and digging for information either temporarily forgotten or considered unimportant by the person being interviewed. At the same time, the investigator should guide the interview so that information flows sequentially and logically. This makes the investigators job as recorder a much simpler task. When recording the interview, the investigator must distinguish between items that are known and verified and those that are based on judgment of others or him- or herself. For example: The suspect was described as 5’6’’ and 140 pounds by the victim indicates the source of the information and the fact that it is not verified. In comparison, the phrase: The suspect is 5’ 6’’ (inches) and 140 pounds is an absolute and overly positive. If untrue, such a statement could mislead the investigation. 126

Conclusions that are unsubstantiated by fact should be presented as opinion. For example, the witness heard gunfire in the vicinity of its home should be stated as the witness heard a loud noise that he believes was gunfire in the vicinity of its home. As a rule, investigations are documented by the initial complaint (the face sheet) and supplemental reports (describing new findings).

12. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: Репортер газеты; ответы на вопросы; основная информация; предварительная информация;

определение

места,

времени

и

природы

преступления;

установление личности жертвы; информация, предоставленная жертвами, свидетелями и другими лицами, находящимися на месте преступления; вещественные доказательства; записи офицера полиции; ключ к установлению личности подозреваемого; получение информации от жертв и свидетелей преступления; запись разговоров на месте преступления; различные качества; использование основных техник ведения опроса; общение следователя и человека, которого он опрашивает; вести (направлять) ход опроса свидетеля; источник информации; слышать громкий шум.

13. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns and the word combinations on the right: 1. to receive

a. full attention

2. to involve

b. the interview

3. to require

c. complaint

4. to guide

d. the interview

5. to record

e. a variety of skills

6. to describe

f the source of information

7. to indicate

g. the suspect

14. Find in the text the words with the similar meaning: 127

Style, class, information, position, material, evidential, sociable, conversation, methods.

15. Translate the following definitions and guess the words: 1) a sign or some information that helps you to find the answer to a problem, question, or mystery. 2) a person who is standing near and watching something that is happening but is not taking part in it. 3) a way of doing an activity that needs skill. 4) the area around a place or where the speaker is. 5) the usually repeated shooting of one or more guns.

16. Fill in the gaps with the missing words consulting the text: 1. Identification of the location, time, and nature of the crime; and full ___ of the victim are the ___ information. 2. Investigations are documented by the ___ complaint and ___ reports. 3. The officer’s records include the information provided by ___ and witnesses. 4. The clue to determining the suspect is usually in the ___ of operation. 5. The investigators may record ___ at the crime scene.

17. Translate the sentences with the words from the text: 1. They decided to reopen the investigation when some new evidence emerged. 2. Modus operandi is a particular way of doing something. 3. Many innocent bystanders were injured by the explosion. 4. This remains a complex investigation because of the quantity of evidential material to be examined. 5. Now, organized crime in the globalized world operates in the same way as any other business.

18. Answer the questions: 1.

What questions does an investigator need to ask during the interview?

2.

What does preliminary information include?

3.

What is modus operandi? 128

4.

What is more preferable: obtaining information from victims, witnesses or

bystanders or recording conversations at the crime scene? 5.

What does the interview involve?

6.

What opens up communication between the investigator and the person being

interviewed? 7.

How does the investigator form the questions during the interview?

8.

What must the investigator distinguish when recording the interview?

9.

What are the investigations documented by?

VOCABULARY 1.

specifically

[spəˈsɪfɪkəlɪ]

определенно, специально

2.

item

[ˈaɪtəm]

предмет, вещь, пункт

3.

data

[ˈdeɪtə]

данные,

сведения,

информация 4.

manner

[ˈmænə]

способ,

метод,

образ

действий 5.

grouping

6.

evidentiary item

7.

modus operandi

[ˈgruːpɪŋ]

группа очевидное доказательство

[ˌməʊ.dəs]

образ действия

[ˌɒp.əˈræn.diː] 8.

clue

[kluː]

зацепка

9.

bystander

[ˈbaɪˌstændə]

свидетель, прохожий

10.

communicative skills

[kəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv]

коммуникативные навыки

11.

investigative skills

навыки

вести

расследование последовательно

12.

sequentially

13.

to distinguish

[dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]

отличить, различить

14.

judgment

[ˈdʒʌdʒmənt]

суждение

15.

to mislead

[mɪsˈliːd]

вводить в заблуждение 129

16.

unsubstantiated

[ˈʌnsəbˈstænʃɪeɪtɪd]

бездоказательный, голословный

17.

vicinity

[vɪˈsɪnɪtɪ]

окрестность

130

UNIT 18. The Initial Complaint.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: Location, to file, report, individual, policy, to dictate, manner, to organize, section, type, person, specific, address, jurisdiction, section, paragraph, detail, logical, photo.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Complaint, summary, identifier, circumstance, department, property, addition, robbery, burglary, drug, distribution, offense, paperwork, division, nickname, badge, moniker, security, synopsis, progression, attachment, weapon, statement, reference, videotape.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To depict, to designate, to index, to assign, to require, to remain, to reflect, to occur, to encompass.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives: Initial, brief, important, direct, departmental, precise, subsequent, legal, pertinent, additional.

5. Translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions: Face sheet; initial page; an at-a-glance summary of the investigation; the suspects’ name; related identifiers; circumstances surrounding the case; the initial complaint; anyone examining the file of the investigation; to dictate the precise manner; to organize the reports; type of crime; crimes against property, crimes against persons, or vice crimes; robbery, burglary, drug distribution; case number; subsequent reports; suspect’s name and address; monikers; date of birth; social security number; to require additional identifiers; synopsis of crime and investigation; general details of the case; to encompass all pertinent details of the investigation; a list of all evidence; drugs, weapons, statements by victims and witnesses. 131

6. Try to match up the adjectives and the nouns in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. initial

a. summary

2. face

b. crime

3. brief

c. complaint

4. departmental

d. act

5. vice

e. sheet

6. specific

f. number

7. case

g. policy

8. badge

h. number

7. Make up as many words as you can by combining different parts of the words: initi – requireexaminvestigatdistributaddorganiz-

-

al ate tion or (er) ment ing

8. Translate the word combinations with 1) Participle I: circumstances surrounding the case; anyone examining the file of the investigation; evidence relating to the case. 2) Participle II: crimes indexed according to the specific act; the first report seen by anyone; the paperwork filed at the department; the number used on all subsequent reports; pertinent information known about the suspect; references to videotapes used by investigators; a case number assigned by the records division. 132

9. Transform into the Possessive nouns: The name of the suspect, the name of the officer, the full legal name of the investigator, the address of the suspect, the name of the victims, the address of witnesses. 10. Read and translate into Russian: The Initial Complaint Also called the face sheet or initial page, the complaint depicts an at-a-glance summary of the investigation. This information includes the suspects’ name and related identifiers as well as a brief summary of the facts and circumstances surrounding the case (e.g., times, dates, locations, who did what, who saw what, what evidence was collected). The initial complaint is the first report seen by anyone examining the file of the investigation, so it is important to keep it direct and to the point. Although individual departmental policies dictate the precise manner in which the reports are organized, the following sections are usually included: Type of crime. Depending on the department, crimes are generally designated as crimes against property, crimes against persons, or vice crimes. In addition, they are indexed according to the specific act that is being alleged, such as robbery, burglary, or drug distribution. Date. This is the date of the offense. Case number. Before any paperwork is filed at the department, it must have a case number assigned by the records division. This number will be used on all subsequent reports in the investigation. Officer’s name. This is the investigator’s full legal name (no nicknames), rank, and badge number. Suspect’s name and address. This includes the suspects’ full legal name, monikers, addresses, date of birth, social security number, and any other pertinent information known about the suspect.

133

Victim. The name of the victim(s) and address(es). No additional identifiers are required. For vice cases, the victim part of the report will either remain blank or reflect the jurisdiction in which the offense occurred (e.g., the state of Washington). Witnesses. This includes the names and addresses of witnesses of the crime. Synopsis of crime and investigation. This section should be no longer than one paragraph and should contain all general details of the case. Details of crime and investigation. This section is much longer than the synopsis because it encompasses all pertinent details of the investigation in a logical progression. Attachments. This section includes a list of all evidence relating to the case. Included are drugs, weapons, statements by victims and witnesses, references to videotapes used by investigators, photos, and so on.

11. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations: Первоначальная жалоба; имя подозреваемого; сводка событий на первый взгляд; краткое изложение основных фактов; обстоятельства, имеющие отношение к делу; диктовать определенный способ составления отчетов; тип преступления;

преступления,

направленные

против

собственности;

преступления, направленные против личности; распространение наркотиков; последующий отчет; номер дела; прозвище; звание, номер значка; имя и адрес подозреваемого; дата рождения; информация, известная о подозреваемом; имя жертвы; особые примеры; краткое изложение сути преступления; основные детали дела; детали расследования; в логическом порядке; приложения; все доказательства, имеющие отношение к делу; ссылки на видеозаписи.

12. Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns and the word combinations on the right: 1. to depend on

a. the paperwork

2. to file

b. all details of the investigation 134

3. to contain

c. the department

4. to encompass

d. videotapes

5. to use

e. details

13. Match words with their synonyms: 1. identifier

a. belongings

2. moniker

b. particular

3. manner

3. determiner

4. property

4. sum-up

5. specific

5. nickname

6. summary

6. lawful

7. legal

7. way

8. rank

8. grade

14. Translate into Russian: 1) To investigate a report, to deny a report, to check a report, to include soothing in a report, expert's report, initial report. 2) Informal complaint, to consider a complaint, legitimate complaint, to prosecute a complaint, a civil complaint. 3) to investigate the circumstances, aggravating circumstances, extenuating circumstances, facts and circumstances, surrounding circumstances, under the circumstances. 4) Capital crime, property crime, crimes against humanity, violent crime, crime wave, crime of passion, crime under investigation.

15. Translate into English: 1) Составлять рапорт, упоминать что-либо в рапорте, получить рапорт, подробный рапорт, сообщение очевидца, последующий отчет. 2) Официальная жалоба, проверять жалобу, претензия потребителя, уголовное преследование по жалобе, бланк жалобы. 135

3) неблагоприятные обстоятельства, в исключительных обстоятельствах. 4)

кровавое

преступление,

организованная

преступность,

осудить

за

совершение преступления, совершить преступление.

16. Insert the prepositions from the box into the word combinations. Translate them: of (3), about, to, in (2), on, at, by, against

A brief summary ___ the facts and circumstances; crimes ___ property; the date ___ the offense; to file the paperwork ___ the department; a case number assigned ___ the records division; to use a number ___ all subsequent reports ___ the investigation; other information known ___ the suspect; synopsis ___ crime; details of the investigation ___ in a logical progression; all evidence relating ___ a case.

17. Use passive sentences in the Past and in the Future as shown in the example: Example: The problem is solved. The Problem was solved. The problem will be solved. 1. The initial complaint is made to the police. 2. The defendant is accused of a range of crimes, from theft to murder. 3. Suspected terrorists are arrested every day. 4. The criminal case is solved by detectives.

18. Answer the questions: 1. What is an initial complaint? 2. What information does the initial complaint include? 3. What sections are there in the initial complaint? 4. How can the crimes be generally designated? 5. Why is the case number necessary for the initial complaint? 136

6. What information about the suspect, victim and witnesses does the initial complaint have?

VOCABULARY 1.

Лицевая сторона, первая

face sheet

страница начальная страница

2.

initial page

3.

initial complaint

[kəmˈpleɪnt]

первоначальная жалоба

4.

to depict

[dɪˈpɪkt]

изображать

5.

an

at-a-glance [ˈsʌmərɪ]

сводка событий на первый

summary

взгляд

6.

identifier

идентификатор

7.

to dictate the precise [prɪˈsaɪz] [ˈmænə]

диктовать

manner

способ [dezɪɡnɪt]

определенный

определять, называть

8.

to designate

9.

vice crime

10.

to index

11.

to be alleged

12.

to assign

13.

records division

14.

subsequent report

[ˈsʌbsɪkwənt]

последующий отчет

15.

badge number

[bædʒ]

номер значка

16.

moniker

[ˈmɔnɪkə]

прозвище

17.

synopsis of crime

[sɪˈnɔpsɪs]

краткое

Серьезное преступление [ˈɪndeks]

индексировать утверждаться

[əˈsaɪn]

давать, назначать отдел учета

изложение

(совершенного) преступления 18.

to encompass

[ɪnˈkʌmpəs]

охватывать

19.

pertinent details

[ˈpə:tɪnənt]

подходящие детали

20.

progression

[prəuˈɡreʃən]

развитие 137

21.

attachment

[əˈtætʃmənt]

приложение

22.

references to videotape

[ˈrefrəns]

ссылки на видеозапись

138

UNIT 19. Supplemental Reports.

1. Learn to read and pronounce the following international words: To progress, physical, document, report, detail, aspect, portion, section, to formulate, paragraph, chronological, agent, type, location, residence, parking, informant, to monitor, test, result, detail, arrest, copy, legal, form, product, competency, career.

2. Learn to read and pronounce the following nouns: Source, synopsis, subject, view, event, purchase, drug, possession, distribution, search, violation, description, vehicle, weapon, videotape, transaction, statement, chain, custody, property, summary, effort, ability, success, failure, warrant, transmitter, conversation.

3. Learn to read and pronounce the following verbs: To gather, to generate, to update, to incorporate, to prepare, to contain, to possess, to discover, to wear, to conceal, to seize, to reflect, to identify, to return, to attack, to perform, to associate.

4. Learn to read and pronounce the following adjectives and adverbs: Supplemental, pertinent, brief, overall, relevant, additional, tangible, accurate, complete, undoubtedly, considerably, closely.

5. Learn to read and pronounce the following word combinations. Translate them: To develop new sources of information; new witnesses; physical evidence; to gather the information; to generate a supplemental report; to update the case; initial complaint; pertinent aspects of the case; a brief synopsis of the subject of the report; an overall view of the body of the report; the details section; to prepare events in paragraphs and in chronological order; a report of a drug purchase; an undercover agent; type of offense; date and time of offense; location of violation; suspect’s 139

residence; parking lot; description of suspect’s vehicle; description of weapons possessed by suspect; to discover the violation; informant information; search warrant; concealed transmitters; officers monitoring the conversation; description of evidence in the case; videotape of transaction; statement of informant; to reflect additional details of the case; chain of custody of evidence; statements made by suspects; names of all witnesses in the case; list of property seized; copies of legal documents; to write accurate and complete records of work performed. 6. Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases. Translate them: 1. new

a. report

2. physical

b. synopsis

3. supplemental

c. details

4. initial

d. evidence

5. brief

e. complaint

6. chronological

f. witnesses

7. additional

g. documents

8. legal

h. order

7. The following words and word combinations appear in the text. Match each one with its correct definition: 1. search warrant 2. weapon 3. undercover 4. informant 5. paragraph 6. vehicle

1. a machine, usually with wheels and an engine, used for transporting people or goods on land, especially on roads. 2. a short part of a text, consisting of at least one sentence and beginning on a new line. It usually deals with a single event, description, idea, etc. 3. any object used in fighting or war, such as a gun, bomb, knife, etc. 4. working secretly using a false appearance in order to get information for the police or government. 5. someone who gives information to another person or organization. 6. an official document that gives police officers the authority to search a building for stolen property, illegal goods, or information that might help to solve a crime. 140

8. Form the verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs: verbs

nouns

adjectives

adverbs

additional considerably identifier distribute ability state undoubtedly

9. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives: Long, fast, bad, weak, good, high, serious, near, far, expensive, accurate.

10. Read and translate the text into Russian: Supplemental Reports As the case progresses, investigators will undoubtedly develop new sources of information, such as new witnesses, physical evidence, and documents. As this information is gathered, a supplemental report is generated to update the case. The supplemental report is considerably longer than the initial complaint because it goes into much greater detail on pertinent aspects of the case. In fact, it is the supplemental report that incorporates the who, what, when, where, how, and (sometimes) why of the case. The report begins with a brief synopsis of the subject of the report, which gives the reader an overall view of the body of the report. The main portion is the details section. As the investigator formulates this section, events are prepared in paragraphs and in chronological order. For example, a report of a drug purchase by an undercover agent should contain the following information in the details section of the report: Type of offense (e.g., possession, distribution) Date and time of offense 141

Location of violation (e.g., suspect’s residence, parking lot) Description of suspect’s vehicle Description of weapons possessed by suspect Description of how the violation was discovered (e.g., through informant information, undercover agents, search warrants) Who (undercover agent or informant) was wearing concealed transmitters and names of officers monitoring the conversation, if relevant Description of evidence in the case (e.g., drugs, weapons, videotape of transaction, statement of informant) Field test results of drugs seized Each report must also reflect additional details of the case, such as: Chain of custody of evidence Statements made by suspects (before and after arrest) How the suspect was identified Names of all witnesses in the case (e.g., officers, informant [identify by number, not name]) List of property seized (e.g., cars, guns) Copies of legal documents (e.g., search warrants, search warrant returns, vehicle seizure forms, informant statements) should be attached. In summary, because reports are the tangible in product of an investigator’s effort, his or her competency is often linked to the ability to write accurate and complete records of work performed. In other words, a criminal investigator’s career is closely associated with his or her success, or failure, to report in writing what has been done.

Match the following synonyms: 1. supplemental

a. guns

2. detail

b. element

3. to formulate

c. report 142

4. record

d. to hide

5. offense

e. duplicate

6. location

f. additional

7. to conceal

g. report

8. weapons

h. position

9. statement

i. to confiscate

10. to seize

j. to express

11. arrest

k. delinquency

12. copy

l. apprehension

Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns and the word combinations on the right: 1. to gather

a. a supplemental report

2. to generate

b. a vehicle

3. to update

c. the violation

4. to describe

d. information

5. to discover

e. the case

Answer the questions: 1.

What information is a supplemental report composed of?

2.

What is the difference between the initial complaint and the supplemental

report? 3.

What does the supplemental report begin with?

4.

Where can the investigators develop new sources of information during the

preliminary investigation?

VOCABULARY 1.

pertinent aspect

[ˈpə:tɪnənt]

подходящая сторона

[ˈæspekt] 143

2.

to incorporate

[ɪn'kɔːp(ə)reɪt]

включать

3.

section

[ˈsekʃən]

параграф

4.

drug purchase

[ˈpə:tʃəs]

покупка наркотиков

5.

undercover agent

6.

possession

[pəˈzeʃən]

владение, хранение

7.

distribution

[ˌdɪstrɪˈbju:ʃən]

распространение

8.

parking lot

парковка

9.

informant

информация от информатора

сотрудник под прикрытием

information 10.

search warrant

ордер на обыск

11.

to conceal transmitter [kənˈsi:l]

маскировать передатчик

12.

relevant

13.

videotape

[ˈrelɪvənt]

относящийся к делу

of [trænˈzækʃən]

видеозапись сделки

transaction 14.

результат

field test result

испытаний

в

полевых условиях 15.

vehicle seizure form

[ˈvi:ɪkl] [ˈsi:ʒə]

форма

изъятия

транспортного средства 16.

tangible

[ˈtændʒəbl]

материальный

144

Список литературы: 1. David M. Miranda. Evidence Found. An Approach to Crime Scene Investigation. Elsevier, 2015. 176 pp. 2. Joel Samaha. Criminal Procedure, Eighth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2012. 597 pp. 3. Kiely, Terrence F. Forensic evidence : science and the criminal law / Terrence F. Kiely.-- 2nd ed. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2006. 515 pp. 4. Lyman, Michael D. Criminal investigation : the art and the science. 6th ed. Published by Prentice Hallб by Pearson Education, Inc. 2011. 669 pp.

145