CRC handbook of materials science: material composites and refractory materials [1st ed.] 9780429290367, 9780367258856, 9780367258870, 0367258854, 0429290365, 9781000694321, 1000694321, 9781000695861, 1000695867, 9781000697407, 1000697401

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CRC Handbook of Materials Science VOLUME III NONMETALLIC MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS Editor

Charles T. Lynch, Ph.D. Senior Scientists for Environmental Effects Metals Behavior Branch, USAF Air Force Materials Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

Boca Raton London New York

CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Reissued 2019 by CRC Press © 1975 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an lnforma business No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www. copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.

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PREFACE It has been the goal o f the CRC H andbook o f Materials Science to provide a current and readily accessible guide to the physical properties o f solid state and structural materials. Interdisciplinary in approach and content, it covers the broadest variety o f types o f materials consistent with a reasonable size for the volumes, including materials o f present commercial importance plus new biom edical, com posite, and laser materials. This volume, Nonmetallic Materials and Applica ­ tions, is the third o f the three-volume H andbook ; General Properties is the first, and Metals, Com ­ posites, and Refractory Materials is the second. During the approximately four years that it has taken to formulate and compile this H andbook , the importance o f materials science has taken on a new dimension. The term “ materials limited” has come into new prominence, enlarged from the narrower consideration o f technical performance o f given materials in given conditions o f stress, environment, and so on, to encompass the availa­ bility o f materials in commerce at a reasonable price. Our highly industrialized society, with its immense per capita consumption o f raw materials, today finds itself facing the long -prophesized shortages o f materials in many diverse areas o f our econom y. Those future shortages have becom e today’ s problems. As we find ourselves “ materials limited” with respect to availability and price, with a growing concern for where our raw materials come from and how supplies may be manipulated to our national disadvantage, in ­ creased econom ic utilization o f all our resources, and particularly our materials resources, becomes an American necessity. With this changing background the purpose for this type o f compila ­ tion has broadened beyond a collection o f data on physical properties to one o f concern for com ­ parative properties and alternative employment o f materials. Therefore, at this time it seems particu ­ larly appropriate to enter this new addition to the CRC Handbook Series. Most o f the information presented in this H andbook is in tabular format for easy reference and comparability o f various properties. In some cases it has seemed more advisable to retain

written sections, but these have been kept to a minimum. The importance o f having critically evaluated property data available on materials to solve modern problems is well understood. In this H andbook we seek to bridge the gap between uncritical data collections carrying all the pub ­ lished information for a single material class and general reference works with only limited property and classification data on materials. On the basis o f advice from many and varied sources, numerous limitations and omissions have been necessary to retain a reasonable size. This reference is particu ­ larly aimed at the nonexperts, or those who are experts in one field but seek information on materials in another field. The expert normally has his own specific original sources available to guide him in his own area o f expertise. He often needs assistance, however, to get started on something new. There is also considerable general informa ­ tion o f interest to almost all scientists, engineers, and many administrators in the field o f materials and materials applications. Comments and sug­ gestions, and the calling to our attention o f typographical errors, will be welcom ed and are encouraged. My sincere thanks is extended to all who have advised on the formulation, content, and coverage o f this H andbook. I am grateful to many colleagues in industry, academic circles, and government for countless suggestions and specific contributions, and am particularly indebted to the Advisory Board and Contributors who have put so much o f their time, effort, and talent into this compilation. Special appreciation is extended to the editorial staff o f CRC Press, to Karen A. Gajewski, the Administrative Editor, and to Gerald A. Becker, Director o f Editorial Operations. I want to pay special tribute to my wife, Betty Ann, for her magnificant patience, encouragment, and assistance, and to our children, Karen, Ted Jr., Richard, and Thomas, for giving their Dad some space, quiet, and assistance in the compilation o f a considerable amount o f data. Charles T. Lynch Fairborn, Ohio April 1975

THE EDITOR Charles T. Lynch, Ph.D., is Senior Scientist for Environmental Effects in the Metals Behavior Branch o f the Air Force Materials Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Dr. Lynch graduated from the George Washington University in 1955 with a B.S. degree in chemistry. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in analytical chemistry in 1957 and 1960, respectively, from the University o f Illinois, Urbana. Dr. Lynch served in the Air Force for several years before joining the Air Force Materials Laboratory as a civilian employee in 1962. Prior to his current position, he served as a research engineer, group leader for ceramic research, and Chief o f the Advanced Metallurgical Studies Branch. Dr. Lynch is a member o f the American Chemical Society, American Ceramic Society, American Association for the Advancement o f Science, Ohio Academy o f Science, New Y ork Academy o f Science, Sigma Xi- RESA, and the Metallurgical Society o f the AIME. He holds 13 patents and has published more than 60 research papers, over 70 national and international presentations, and one book , M etal M atrix Com posites, written with J. P. Kershaw and published by The Chemical Rubber Company (now CRC Press) in 1972.

ADVISORY BOARD C. Howard Adams SPI Research Associate National Bureau o f Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 Allen M. Alper Director o f Research and Engineering Chemical and Metallurgical Division GTE Sylvania, Incorporated Tow anda, Pennsylvania 18848 Harris M. Burte Chief, Metals and Ceramics Division Air Force Materials Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433 Joseph E. Davison Assistant Professor o f Materials Engineering University o f Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, Ohio 45409 Winston H. Duckworth Research Leader, Ceramic Materials Section Battelle/Columbus Laboratories 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201

Michael Hoch Professor, Department o f Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering University o f Cincinnati Clifton Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 Harry B. Kirkpatrick (deceased)

Jack L. Koenig Professor, Division o f Macromolecular Science Case Western Reserve University 2040 Adelbert Road Cleveland, Ohio 44106

George W. Latimer, Jr. Group Leader, Analytical Methods Mead Johnson Company Evansville, Indiana 47721

David R. Lide, Jr. Chief, Office o f Standard Reference Data National Bureau o f Standards U.S. Department o f Commerce Washington, D.C. 20234

Edward B. Femsler (retired) 114 Willoughby Avenue Huntington, West Virginia 25705 Francis S. Galasso Chief, Materials Science United Aircraft Research Laboratories East Hartford, Connecticut 06108

Ward F. Simmons Associate Director, Defense Metals Information Center Battelle/Columbus Laboratories 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201

CONTRIBUTORS C. Howard Adams SPI Research Associate National Bureau o f Standards Washington, D.C. 20234

Francis S. Galasso Chief, Materials Science United Aircraft Research Laboratories East Hartford, Connecticut 06108

Allen M. Alper Director o f Research and Engineering Chemical and Metallurgical Division GTE Sylvania, Incorporated Towanda, Pennsylvania 18848

Henry E. Hagy Senior Research Associate — Physics Research and Development Division, Technical Staffs Services Laboratories Corning Glass Works Sullivan Park Corning, New York 14830

Ray E. Bolz Vice President and Dean o f the Faculty Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, Massachusetts 01609 Allen Brodsky Radiation Physicist Mercy Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 D. F. Bunch Atomics International Canoga Park, California 91304 Donald E. Campbell Senior Research Associate — Chemistry Research and Development Division, Technical Staffs Services Laboratories Corning Glass Works Sullivan Park Corning, New York 14830

William B. Cottrell Director, Nuclear Safety Program

C. R. Hammond Emhart Corporation P.O.Box 1620 Hartford, Connecticut 06102 Michael Hoch Professor, Department o f Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering University o f Cincinnati Clifton Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 Bernard Jaffe Vernitron Piezoelectric Division 232 Forbes Road Beford, Ohio 44146 Richard N. Kleiner Section Head, Ceramics Department Precision Materials Group Chemical and Metallurgical Division GTE Sylvania, Incorporated Towanda, Pennsylvania 18848

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Joseph E. Davison Assistant Professor o f Materials Engineering University o f Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, Ohio 45409

Edward B. Femsler (retired) 114 Willoughby Avenue Huntington, West Virginia 25705

George W. Latimer, Jr. Group Leader, Analytical Methods Mead Johnson Company Evansville, Indiana 47721 Robert I. Leininger Project Director, Biomaterials Biological, Ecological, and Medical Sciences Department Battelle/Columbus Laboratories 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201

Robert S. Marvin Office o f Standard Reference Data National Bureau o f Standards U.S. Department o f Commerce Washington, D.C. 20234 Eugene F. Murphy Director, Research Center for Prosthetics U.S. Veterans Administration 252 Seventh Avenue New Y ork, New Y ork 10001 A. Pigeaud Research Associate Department o f Metallurgy and Material Science University o f Cincinnati Clifton Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 B. W. Roberts Director, Superconductive Materials Data Center General Electric Corporate Research and Development B ox 8 Schenectady, New York 12301 Gail D. Schmidt Chief, Radioactive Materials Branch Division o f Radioactive Materials and Nuclear Medicine Bureau o f Radiological Health U.S* Public Health Service Rockville, Maryland 20852

James E. Selle Senior Research Specialist Mound Laboratory Monsanto Research Corporation Miamisburg, Ohio 45342

Gertrude B. Sherwood Office o f Standard Reference Data National Bureau o f Standards U.S. Department o f Commerce Washington, D.C. 20234

Ward F. Simmons Associate Director, Defense Metals Information Center Battelle/Columbus Laboratories 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201

George L. Tuve 2625 Exeter Road Cleveland Heights, Ohio 44118

A. Bennett Wilson, Jr. Executive Director, Committee on Prosthetics Research and Development National Research Council Washington, D.C. 20037

TABLE OF CONTENTS V O L U M E III SECTION

1

P O L Y M E R S .......................................................................................................................................3

SECTION

2

ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

SECTION

3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

NUCLEAR M A T E R I A L S ........................................................................................................ 213 Radiation Dose and Risk D e te r m in a tio n ..............................................................................213 Dose to Various B ody Organs from Inhalation or Ingestion o f Soluble Radionuclides ........................................................................................................................ 285 Limits for Radioactive Surface Contamination .................................................................311 Determining Industrial Hygiene Requirements for Installations Using Radioactive

3.5 3.6

Materials ................................................................................................................................. 317 General Nuclear P r o p e r tie s ....................................................................................................... 337 Reactor M a te r ia ls ........................................................................................................................ 359

4 4.1

BIOMEDICAL M A T E R I A L S .................................................................................................... 397 Engineering Approaches to Limb Prosthetics and O r t h o t i c s .......................................397

SECTION

4.2

Polymers as Surgical Implants

............................................................................................

83

.......................................................................................... 441

SECTION

5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6

GRAPHITIC MATERIALS ............................................................. 493 Properties o f Carbon and Graphite ...................................................................................... 493 Molded G r a p h it e s ........................................................................................................................ 497 Extruded G r a p h it e s .................................................................................................................... 549 Hot -worked G r a p h it e s ................................................................................................................587 Pyrolitic Graphites ....................................................................................................................591 Foamed Graphites ....................................................................................................................597

SECTION

6 MATERIALS I N F O R M A T I O N ............................................................................................... 603 Index — Volume III ........................................................................................................................ 631

Section 1

Polymers

2.7 X 1016 385 2 .8 - 3 .2 2 .7 5 - 3 .0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 8 - 0 .0 0 9

D150 D150 D150 D150

3 .3 4.0 6 .3 8.0 5 -2 0 R 1 0 8 -1 1 5 2 .0 - 4 .0 0 .8 - 1 .0 3 .5 - 4 .0 9 .9 - 1 1 .8 0 .5 - 1 1 .0

1 .0 5 - 1 .0 7 0 .0 8 - 0 .1 8 3 . 2 - 4.8 0 .3 6 - 0 .3 8 0 .2 - 0 .4 1.0 —1.6 1 8 5 -2 2 3

Medium impact

D257 D149

D638 D638 D638 D785 D256 D256 D790 D790 D695

Mechanical properties Modulus o f elasticity in tension, 10s psi Tensile strength, 1,000 psi Elongation (in 2 in.), % Hardness (Rockwell) Impact strength (Izod), ft-lb/in. notch Impact strength ( - 4 0 F), ft - lb/in. Modulus o f elasticity in flex, 105 , psia Flexural strength, 1,000 psia Compressive strength, 1,000 psi

Electrical properties Volume resistivity, ohm -cm Dielectric strength (short time), V/m il Dielectric constant 60 cycles 106 cycles Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles

D570 D635 D648

D792 C177 D696

Physical properties Specific gravity Thermal conductivity, Btu/hr/ft2 / ° F /ft Coefficient o f thermal expansion, 106/ ° F Specific heat, Btu/lh/° F Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability, ipm Heat distortion temperature (264 psi), ° F

ASTM No.

0 .0 0 5 - 0 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 - 0 .0 1 5

2 .8 - 3 .2 2 .7 -

1-4 X 1016 3 5 0 -4 4 0

2 .6 5 .0 5 -5 0 R 9 5 -1 0 5 3 .0 1 .5 2 .5 7 .5 7 .0 -

1 .0 2 - 1 .0 4 0 .1 2 - 0 .1 6 5 . 5 - 6.0 0 .3 6 - 0 .3 8 0 .2 - 0 .4 5 1 .3 - 1 .5 1 8 0 -2 1 5

High impact

3.0

5.0 2.0 3.2 9.5 9.0

3.1 6.0

3.0

7.0 5.0 3.2 9.8

0 .0 0 5 - 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 0 8 - 0 .0 1 6

2 .8 - 3 .S 2 .4 -

1-4 X 1016 3 0 0 -3 7 5

2 . 0 - 3.1 4 .5 —6.0 2 0 -5 0 R 8 5 -1 0 5 5 .0 2 .0 2 .0 6 .0 -

1 .0 1 - 1 .0 6 0 .0 1 - 0 .1 4 5 . 0 - 6.0 0 .3 6 - 0 .3 8 0 .2 - 0 .4 5 1.3 — 1.5 1 8 0 -2 1 8

Very high impact

Type

Table 1 - 1 ABS RESINS - MOLDED, EXTRUDED

0 .0 0 5 - 0 .0 1 0 .0 0 8 - 0 .0 1 6

2 .5 - 3 .5 2 .4 - 3 .0

1-4 X 1016 3 0 0 -4 1 5

2 .0 4- 6 3 0 -2 0 0 R 7 5 -9 5 6 -1 0 2.5 —3.5 2 .0 5-

1 .0 2 - 1 .0 4 0 .0 8 - 0 .1 4 5 . 0 - 6.0 0 .3 5 - 0 .3 8 0 .2 - 0 .4 5 1 . 0 - 1.5 1 8 5 -2 2 4

3.2 8

3.1

Low temperature impact

0 .0 3 0 - 0 .0 4 0 0 .0 0 5 - 0 .0 1 5

2 .7 2 .8 -

1.-5 X 1 0 ' 6 3 6 0 -4 0 0 3.5 3.2

3 .5 4.2 7 .0 8.0 20 R 1 0 7 -1 1 6 2 . 0 - 4.0 0 .8 - 1 .5 3 . 5 - 4.2 1 1 .0 - 1 2 .0 9 .3 11.0

1 .0 6 - 1 .0 8 0 .1 2 - 0 .2 0 3 . 0 - 4.0 0 .3 7 - 0 .3 9 0 .2 - 0 .4 1 . 3 - 2.0 2 2 0 -2 4 5

Heat resistant

3

■=1

w o92 < 3 0 .3 - 0 .4 0 .9 - 1 .2

Grades 5 ,6 , 8^

0 .0 3 - 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 - 0 .0 2 No track

3 .5 2 .5 -

2.0 X 1016 4 0 0 -5 0 0 3.9 3.0

2 .3 3.3 5 .5 8.0 >25 L 6 0 -9 4 0 .8 - 2 .3 2 .8 - 3 .6 8 .7 - 1 2 .0 7 .3 12.0

0 .2 - 0 .3 0 .8 - 1 .2

1 .1 2 - 1 .1 6 0.12 4 -6 0.34

High impact grade

Moldings

5

1 8 0 -2 0 0 1 9 0 -2 2 5

2 8 0 -3 4 0

General purpose type Ha

1 5 5 -1 9 0 1 6 6 -2 5 0 d

2 4 0 ­3 5 0 350 ­ 4 5 0

1 0 -2 0 3 2 0 -5 0 0

1 .8 - 2 .2

Grades 5 ,6 , 8^

1 6 9 ­2 0 5

1 0 -2 0 4 0 0 ­4 9 0

High impact grade

Meridings

Transparent aircraft enclosures, radio and television parts, lighting, drafting equipment, signs.

Decorative and func ­ tional automotive parts, reflectors, protective goggle lenses, radio and television parts, household appli­ ance parts.

Shoe heels, control knobs, business machine and piano keys, pump parts, sprinkler heads, tool handles.

Resists weak alkalis, acids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Attacked b y esters, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and concentrated acids.

1 4 0 -1 6 0 1 5 0 -1 8 0

2 5 0 -3 2 0

General purpose type Ia

1 ype

From 1973 Materials Selector, Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 19 7 2,2 4 3 . With permission.

aASTM D702. ^Range includes typical values for Grades 5, 6, and 8, and may be superior to minimum or maximum requirements for these grades as detailed in ASTM D788. cCenco -Fitch. dD788 specified values for Grades 5, 6, and 8: 149 F, 162 F, 183 F, respectively.

Uses

Chemical resistance

Heat distortion temperature, ° F

Heat resistance Maximum recommended service temperature, °F

Hot forming temperature, ° F Extruding temperature, ° F

Fabricating properties Bulk factor Injection molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F

ASTM No.

Cast resin isheets, rods

Table 1 - 2 (continued) ACRYLICS - CAST, MOLDED, EXTRUDED

6 H andbook o f Materials Science

D638 D638 D638 D256 D790 D790 D690 D785

Mechanical properties Tensile strength, 1,000 psi Tensile modulus, 10s psi Elongation, % Impact strength, (Izod notched), ft-lb/in. Flexural strength, 1,000 psi Modulus o f elasticity in flexure 10s psi Compressive strength, 1,000 psi Hardness (Barcol)

Electrical properties Volume resistivity, ohm -cm Dielectric strength (step by step), V/mil Dielectric constant 60 cycles 106 cycles Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Arc resistance, sec

D542

D495

D150

D257 D149 D150

D570 D635

D696

D792

Physical properties Specific gravity Thermal conductivity, Btu/hr/ft2 / ° F/in. Coefficient o f thermal expansion/0F Specific heat, Btu/lb/ ° F Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability, ipm Transparency (visible light), % Refractive index, nD

ASTM No.

0 .0 3 0 - 0 .0 4 5 0 .0 1 6 - 0 .0 2 0 180

5 .4 4 .5 -

4.4 3 .5 0 .0 3 - 0 .0 4 0 .1 - 0 .2 185

1014 3 0 0 -3 5 0

2 0 -2 5 6 0 -7 0

4 X 1014 290

3.8

2 .5 3.3 22.5 M 95 - M 100

0 .2 5 - 0 .3 5 8 -1 1

0 .2 - 0 .4

0.019 0.023 180

7.4 6.8

1014 290

2.2 1 9 -2 0 2 2 -2 7 28 7 0 -7 5

7 -8 1 9 -2 0

0 .0 5 - 0 .0 8 i5elf extinguishing Opaque

0 .1 0 - 0 .1 5 Nonburning Opaque

4 -5 2 0 -2 7

2 .2 0 - 2 .2 2 0 .3 5 - 0 .6 0 1.3 X 1 0 - 5

Rope (general purpose)

1

X

0 .0 3 0 - 0 .0 4 0 0 .0 1 7 - 0 .0 2 0 180

5 .7 4 .8 -

6.3 5.1

1014 - 1 X 101S 3 0 0 -3 5 0

0 .3 0 - 0 .3 5 7 -1 0 2 2 -2 7 1 6 -2 0 6 0 -7 0

3 -4 2 4 -2 9

0 .0 8 - 0 .1 2 Self extinguishing Opaque

2 .2 1 - 2 .2 4 0 .3 5 - 0 .6 0 1.3 X 1 0 - 5

Granular (high speed molding)

Alkyds - molded

Material

2 .0 5 - 2 .1 5 0 .3 5 - 0 .6 0 1.3 X 1 0 “ 5

5.9 4.7

Putty (encapsulating)

5 -6 3.0

1.32 1.45 6 X 10 " 5 0.3 0.20 0.35 8 9 -9 2 1.50

Allyl diglycol carbonate

Table 1 - 3 ALKYDS AND THERMOSET CARBONATE

0 .0 2 - 0 .0 3 0 .0 1 5 - 0 .0 2 2 180

5 .2 —6.0 4 .5 - 5 .0

1014 3 0 0 -3 5 0

8 -1 2 1 2 -1 7 2 2 -2 8 2 4 -3 0 7 0 -8 0

5 -9 2 0 -2 5

0 .0 0 7 - 0 .1 0 Nonburning Opaque

2 .0 2 - 2 .1 0 0 .2 0 - 0 .3 0 1.3 X 1 0 " 5

Glass reinforced (heavy duty parts)

7

Chemical resistance

Maximum recommended service temperature, ° F Deflection temperature (264 psi), ° F

Heat resistance

Bulk factor Compression molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Mold shrinkage, in./in. Transfer molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Mold shrinkage, in./in.

Fabricating properties

D648

ASTM No.

Resists nearly all solvents includ­ ing acetone, benzene, and gasoline, and practically all chemicals ex ­ cept highly oxid ing acids.

212

(Only available as stock sheet for machining: 48 X 72 X 1 in. maximum)

Allyl diglycol carbonate

300 >400

300 3 5 0 -4 0 0

300 > 400

1 -2 2 9 0 -3 3 0 0 .0 0 2 -0 .0 0 6

1 -2 2 7 0 -3 3 0 0 .0 0 4 -0 .0 0 7

1 -2

Resistant to weak acids; attacked by alkalis; practically unattacked b y organic liquids such as alcohols, hydrocarbons, and fatty acids.

250 3 5 0 -4 0 0

2 7 0 -3 3 0 0 .0 0 4 -0 .0 0 8

2 7 0 -3 3 0 0 .0 0 1 -0 .0 0 4

2 ­3 2 7 0 -3 3 0 0 .8 - 1 .0 2 7 0 -3 3 0 0 .0 0 1 -0 .0 0 4

0 .6 - 1 .0 2 7 0 -3 0 0 0 .0 0 4 -0 .0 0 7

0 .8 —1.0 2 7 0 -3 3 0 0 .0 0 1 - 0 .0 0 4 0 .5 - 1

9 -1 1

Glass reinforced (heavy duty parts)

1 .9 5 - 2 .1 5

Granular (high speed molding)

>1

Rope (general purpose)

Alkyds - molded

Material

1 .1 - 1 .2

Putty (encapsulating)

Table 1—3 (continued) ALKYDS AND THERMOSET CARBONATE

8 H andbook o f M aterials Science

Aircraft win ­ dows, lenses, marine glazing, vending ma­ chine windows, slides, watch crystals, safety windows.

Allyl diglycol carbonate Encapsula ­ tion o f re­ sistors, coils, and small elec ­ tronic parts.

Putty (encapsulating)

From 1973 Materials Selector, Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 244. With permission.

Uses

ASTM No.

Rope (general purpose) Granular (high speed molding)

Alkyds - molded

Material

Molding o f tube bases and sockets, con ­ nectors, tuning devices, electrical instru­ ment parts, switches, and relays. Parts for transformers, m otor controllers, and auto ­ motive ignition systems.

Table 1—3 (continued) ALKYDS AND THERMOSET CARBONATE

Heavy duty circuit breaker and switch gear, stand­ o f f insula­ tors electri­ cal m otor brush hold ­ ers, and end plates.

Glass reinforced (heavy duty parts)

9

Bulk factor Compression molding Pressure, psi Temperature, ° F Injection molding Pressure, psi

Fabricating properties

Volume resistivity, ohm -cm Dielectric strength (short time), V/m il Dielectric constant 60 cycles 106 cycles Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles

Electrical properties

Tensile strength at fracture, 1,000 psi Hardness (Rockwell R) Impact strength (Izod), ft -lb/in, o f notch Modulus o f elasticity in flexure, 10s psi Flexural strength at yield, 1,000 psi Compressive strength at yield, 1,000 psi

D150 D150

8-

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 7 5 -4 5 0

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 9 0 -4 7 5 8 -3 2

2 .0 - 2 .6

0 .0 1 - 0 .0 6 0 .0 1 - 0 .1 0

3 .2 -

3 .5 -

10JO- 1 0 13 2 5 0 -6 0 0

32

7.0

7.5

78 1 0 3 -1 2 0 1 .1 3.1 2 .0 2.55 8 .1 11.15 6 .5 - 1 0 .6

0 .3 - 0 .4 2 7 5 -9 0 2 -1 5 1 .7 - 2 .7 0 .5 - 2 .0

1 .2 9 - 1 .3 1 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 4 . 4 - 9.0 1 .4 6 - 1 .5 0

H4-1

2 .0 - 2 .6

3.5 - 7.5 3.2 - 7 .0

D150 D150

10 l o - 1 0 13 2 5 0 -6 0 0

0 .5 - 2 .0

0 .3 - 0 .4 2 7 5 -9 0 2 -1 5

4 . 4 - 9.0 1 .4 6 - 1 .5 0

0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9

H6-1

D257 D149

D638 D785 D256 D747 D790 D695

D791 D672 D570 D635

Specific heat, Btu/lb/ ° F Luminous transmittance, % Haze, % Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability, ipmb

Mechanical properties

D792 C177 D696 D542

Specific gravity Thermal conductivity, Btu/hr/ft2/ ° F /ft Coefficient o f thermal expansion, 1 0 " 5/ ° F Refractive index

Physical properties

No.

ASTM

8 -3 2

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 5 0 -4 2 5

2 .0 - 2 .6

0 .0 1 - 0 .0 6 0 .0 1 - 0 .1 0

3.2 —7.0

3 . 5 - 7.5

1010 - 1 0 13 2 5 0 -6 0 0

5 .8 7.2 8 9 -1 1 2 1 . 5 - 3.9 1 .5 0 - 2 .3 5 6 .0 - 1 0 .0 4 .3 —9.6

0 .3 - 0 .4 2 8 0 -9 0 2 -1 0 1 . 7 - 2.7 0 .5 - 2 .0

1 .2 5 - 1 .3 1 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 4 .4 - 9 .0 1 .4 6 - 1 .5 0

H2-1

8 -3 2

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 2 5 -4 0 0

2 .0 - 2 .6

0 .0 1 - 0 .0 6 0 .0 1 - 0 .1 0

3 .2 - 7 .0

3 .5 -

10, o - 1 0 13 2 5 0 -6 0 0 7.5

4 .8 6.3 7 4 -1 0 4 2 .5 - 4 .9 1 .5 0 - 2 .1 5 4 .4 8.65 4 .4 8.4

0 .3 - 0 .4 2 8 0 -9 0 2 -1 0 1 . 8 - 4.0 0 .5 - 2 .0

1 .2 4 - 1 .3 1 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 4 .4 - 9 .0 1 .4 6 - 1 .5 0

MH-1, MH-2

ASTM gradea

Table 1 - 4 CELLULOSE ACETATE - MOLDED, EXTRUDED

8 -3 2

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 -3 7 0

2 .0 - 2 .6

0 .0 1 - 0 .0 6 0 .0 1 - 0 .1 0

3 .2 -

3 .5 -

10l o - 1 0 13 2 5 0 -6 0 0

7.0

7.5

3 .9 5.3 5 4 -9 6 2 . 9 - 6.S 1 .2 5 - 1 .9 0 3 .8 - 7 .1 3 .2 7.2

0 .3 - 0 .4 2 8 0 -9 0 2 -1 0 2 .1 4.0 0 .5 - 2 .0

1 .2 3 - 1 .3 0 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 4 .4 9.0 1 .4 6 - 1 .5 0

MS-1, MS-2

8 -3 2

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 2 9 0 -3 3 0

2 .0 -

0 .0 1 - 0 .0 6 0 .0 1 - 0 .1 0

3 .2 - 7 .0

3 .5 -

10IO - 1 0 13 2 5 0 -6 0 0

2.6

7.5

3 .0 4.4 4 9 -8 8 4 . 0 - 6.8 1 .0 5 - 1 .6 5 3 .5 5.7 3 .1 5 - 6 .1

0 .3 - 0 .4 2 8 0 -9 5 2 -8 2 .3 - 4 .0 0 .5 - 2 .0

1 .2 2 - 1 .3 0 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 4 . 4 - 9.0 1 .4 6 - 1 .5 0

S2-1

10 H andbook o f M aterials Science

1 3 2 -1 4 1 1 1 7 -1 2 9

1 3 6 -1 5 3 1 2 3 -1 4 1

3 3 5 -3 9 5 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 3 3 5 -3 6 5

S2-1

From 1973 Materials Selector, Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 245. With permission.

3According to ASTM D706-63. b Self-extinguishing compositions are available.

Film, tape, blister packaging, appliance housings, optical parts, tool handles, brush handles, toys and novelties, toothbrushes, buttons, tags.

1 2 8 -1 5 5

1 2 0 -1 7 2

3 5 0 -4 2 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 3 5 0 -3 8 5

MS -1, MS-2

Uses

1 4 5 -1 7 0

1 4 5 -1 8 8

3 7 0 -4 4 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 3 7 0 -4 0 0

MH-1, MH-2

1 4 5 -1 8 8

3 9 0 -4 6 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 3 9 0 -4 2 0

H2-1

1 7 2 -2 0 3

4 1 0 -4 8 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 4 0 5 -4 5 5

H4-1

Unattacked by water, salt water solutions, white gasoline, oleic acid, 5% acetic acid, and dilute sulfuric acid. Decom posed b y 30% sulfuric, 10% nitric, and 10% hydrochloric acids, sodium hydroxide, and 10% ammonium hydroxide. Dissolved by acetone and ethyl acetate.

4 2 0 -4 9 0 C1.Q03 - 0.006 4 2 0 -4 5 0

H6-1

ASTM grade3

Chemical resistance

Heat resistance Heat deflection temperature, ° F 66 psi 264 psi

Temperature, ° F Molding shrinkage, in./in. Extrusion temperature,0F

Fabricating properties (cont.)

ASTM No.

Table 1—4 (continued) CELLULOSE ACETATE - MOLDED, EXTRUDED

11

Electrical properties Volume resistivity, ohm -cm Dielectric strength (short time), V/mil Dielectric constant 60 cycles 106 cycles Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles

Flexural strength at yeild, 1,000 p?* Compressive strength at yield, l,00u psi

Mechanical properties Tensile strength at fracture, 1,000 psi Hardness (Rockwell R) Impact strength (Izod), ft-lb/in. o f notch Modulus o f elasticity in flexures, 10s psi

Physical properties Specific gravity Thermal conductivity, B tu/hr/ft2 / ° F /ft Coefficient o f thermal expansion, 1 0 _s / ° F Refractive index Specific heat, Btu/lb/ ° F Luminous transmittance, % Haze, % Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability, ipm

101 1- 1 0 14 2 5 0 -4 0 0 3.5 —6.4 3 .2 -6 .2 0 .0 1 -0 .0 4 0 .0 2 - 0 .0 5

D150 D150 D150 D150

6.9 114 3.0 1.80 9.0 8.8

1.22 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 (6 -9 ) X 10-5 1 .4 6 -1 .4 9 0 .3 - 0 .4 7 5 -9 2 2 -5 2.0 0 .5 -1 .5

H4

0 .0 1 -0 .0 4 0 .0 2 -0 .0 5

3 .5 3 .2 -6 .2

101 ! - 1 0 14 2 5 0 -4 0 0

5 .0 -6 .0 8 0 -1 0 0 4 . 4 - 6.9 1 .2 0 -1 .4 0 5 .6 -6 .7 5 .3 - 7 .1

6.4

1 .1 8 -1 .2 0 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 ( 6 - 9 ) X 10 ” 5 1 .4 6 -1 .4 9 0 .3 - 0 .4 8 0 -9 2 2 -5 1 . 3 - 1.6 0 .5 -1 .5

MH

3 .0 -4 .0 2 3 -4 2 7 . 5 - 10.0 0 .7 0 -0 .9 0 2 .5 3.95 2 .6 4.3

1 .1 5 -1 .1 8 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 (6 -9 ) X 10- 5 1 .4 6 -1 .4 9 0 .3 - 0 .4 8 5 -9 5 2 -5 0 .9 -1 .3 0 .5 -1 .5

S2

0 .0 1 -0 .0 4 0 .0 2 -0 .0 5

3 .5 ­ 6 .4 3 .2 -6 .2

101 ' - 1 0 14 2 5 0 -4 0 0

Cellulose acetate butyrate

D257 D149

D638 D785 D256 D747 D790 D695

D791 D672 D570 D635

D792 C177 D696 D543

ASTM No. 1 3

0 .0 1 -0 .0 4 0 .0 2 -0 .0 5

3 .7 - 4 .0 3 .4 -3 .7

1011—10 14 3 0 0 -4 5 0

S .9 -6 .5 1 0 0 -1 0 9 1 .7 1 .7 6 . 8 - 7.9 6 .2 -7 .3

2.7 1.8

0 .0 1 -0 .0 4 0 .0 2 -0 .0 5

3 . 7 - 4.0 3 .4 -

10* ’ - 1 0 14 3 0 0 -4 5 0

3.7

5 .1 -5 .9 9 2 -9 6 3 . 5 - 5.6 1 .4 5 - 1 .5 5 5 .6 6.2 4 .9 -5 .8

6

0 .0 1 - 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 - 0 .0 5

3 .7 3 .7 -

1011­ 1 0 14 3 0 0 -4 5 0

4.0 57 9.4 1.1

4.0 3.4

1.19 0 .1 0 ­ 0 .1 9 (6 -9 ) X 1 0 "5 1 .4 6 - 1 .4 9 0 .3 —0.4 8 0 -9 2 2 -5 1.6 0 .5 - 1 .5

Cellulose acetate propionate

1 .2 0 -1 .2 1 1.22 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 0 .1 0 - 0 .1 9 (6 -9 ) X 10- 5 (6 -9 ) X 10" s 1 .4 6 -1 .4 9 1 .4 6 -1 .4 9 0 .3 - 0 .4 0 .3 - 0 .4 8 0 -9 2 8 0 -9 2 2 -5 2 -5 1 .6 -2 .0 1 . 3 - 1.8 0 .5 -1 .5 0 .5 -1 .5

ASTM grade®

Table 1 - 5 CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE AND CELLULOSE ACETATE PROPIONATE - MOLDED, EXTRUDED

12 H andbook o f M aterials Science

1 6 9 -1 8 7 1 4 1 -1 5 7

163 129

From 1973 Materials Selector , Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 246. With permission.

aAccoiding to ASTM D707 - 63 and D1562 - 60, respectively.

Telephones, steering wheels, blister packaging, toothbrushes, pens, knobs, containers, optical parts.

Vacuum -formed outdoor signs and molded letters, blister packaging, TV and radio knobs, handles, pipe, pens, optical parts, containers.

1 9 1 -2 0 1 1 6 3 -1 7 3

Uses

1 3 6 -1 4 7 1 1 8 -1 3 0

Unaffected by 3% sulfuric, 5% acetic, 10% hydrochloric and oleic acids; discolored by 10% nitric acid. Unaf­ fected b y 1% sodium hydroxide and 2% sodium carbonate; slightly softened b y 10% sodium hydroxide and discolored by 10% ammonium hydroxide; unaffected b y white gasoline, but swollen or dissolved b y ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, and toluene. Unaffected b y water, salt water, and 3% hydrogen peroxide.

1 7 1 -1 8 4 1 4 6 -1 6 0

8 -3 2 3 5 0 -4 2 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 3 9 0 -4 2 0 8 -3 2 3 8 0 -4 5 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 4 0 0 -4 3 0

8 -3 2 4 0 0 -4 7 5 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 4 1 0 -4 4 0

8 -3 2 3 3 5 -3 9 5 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 3 8 0 -4 0 0

8 -3 2 3 7 5 -4 4 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 4 0 0 -4 2 0

8 -3 2 4 0 0 -4 8 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 6 4 2 0 -4 4 0

222 196

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 0 5 -3 4 0 5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 2 5 -3 6 0

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 3 5 -3 9 0

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 2 6 5 -3 0 5

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 0 5 -3 4 0

5 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 3 3 5 -3 9 0

2.0 —2.4

6

2 .0 - 2 .4

3

2.0 —2.4

1

2 .0 - 2 .4

S2

2 .0 - 2 .4

MH

Cellulose acetate propionate

2 .0 - 2 .4

H4

Cellulose acetate butyrate

Chemical resistance

Heat resistance Heat deflection temperature, ° F 66 psi 264 psi

Fabricating properties Bulk factor Compression molding Pressure, psi Temperature, ° F Injection molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Molding, shrinkage, in./in. Extrusion temperature, ° F

A o im No.

ASTM grade®

Table 1—5 (continued) CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE AND CELLULOSE ACETATE PROPIONATE - MOLDED, EXTRUDED

13

Mechanical Properties Tensile strength, 1,000 psi Yield strength, 1,000 psi Tensile modulus 105 psi Elongation, % Yield elongation, % Impact strength, (Izod notched), ft- lb/in. Unnotched Flexural strength, 1,000 psi Modulus o f elasticity in flexure, 10s psi Fatigue strength (Krause), 1,000 psi Compressive strength, 1,000 psi Hardness (Rockwell) Coefficient o f static friction (against self) Abrasion resistance (Taber, CS-17 wheel), m g/1,000 cycles

Physical properties Specific gravity Thermal conductivity, Btu/hr/ft2/ ° F /in . Coefficient o f thermal expansion, 1 0 " 5/ ° F Specific heat, Btu/lb/ ° F Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability, ipm Transparency (visible light), % Refractive index, r?D

D104

R118

9.0 R100

D690 D785

6.3

3.7

14.5 3.85

7.3

1.54 0.95 4.4 0.3 0.11 Nonburning Opaque

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

D790 D790

0.01 Self extinguishing Opaque

1.4 0.91 6.6

Chlorinated polyether

6 5.9 1.5 130 (in 2 in.) 15 0.4 (D758) >33 5 (0.1% offset) 1.3 (0.1% offset)

D638 D638 D638 D638 D638 D256

D542

D570 D635

D696

D792

ASTM No.

Material

10

9.5 8.5 3.45 110 5 16 > 60 13.5 3.4 1 12.5 M70 0.52

1.20 0.11 3.75 0.30 0.15 Self extinguishing 7 5 -8 5 1.586

Polycarbonate

Table 1 - 6 CHLORINATED POLYETHER, CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, POLYCARBONATES

40

16 27 12 7.5 18.5 M97

17 0 -5

18

0.08 Self extinguishing Translucent

1.51 0.13 1 .0 ­ 1 .1

Polycarbonate (40% glass fiber reinforced)

14 H andbook o f Materials Science

Chemical resistance

Heat resistance Maximum recommended service temperature, ° F Deflection temperature (264 psi), °F

Fabricating properties Bulk factor Injection molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Mold shrinkage, in./in. Extrusion temperature, ° F

Electrical properties Volume resistivity, ohm -cm Dielectric strength (short time), V/mil Dielectric constant 60 cycles 106 cycles Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Arc resistance, sec

D648

D495

D150

D257 D149 D150

ASTM No.

excellent resistanct to both inorganic and organic chemicals to 250° F. Resistant to all inorganic acids ex ­ cept fuming nitric and fuming sulfuric.

2 5 0 -2 7 5 210

1 0 -2 0 4 4 0 -4 6 5 0 .0 0 4 - 0 .0 0 8 3 6 0 -4 5 0

0.011 0.011

3.10 2.92

1.5 X 1016 400

Chlorinated polyether

210 212

0.007

0.0189 - 0.0201 $ 0.020

3.08 3 .2 - 3 .6

101 5 - 2 X 10 16 1 ,2 5 0 - 1 ,5 5 0

Generally resistant to alkalis and weak acids; moderate to poor resistance to strong acids. Not resistant to ketones and esters; aromat­ ic hydrocarbons produce swelling.

IX

chloride

Chlorinated polyvinyl

250 270

1 5 -2 0 5 2 5 -6 2 5 0 .0 0 5 - 0 .0 0 7 4 7 5 -5 8 0

1.7

0.0009 0.010 120 (tungsten electrode)

3.17 2.96

2.1 X 1016 400

Polycarbonate

Insoluble in ali­ phatic hydrocar ­ bons, ether, and alcohols; partially soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons; solu ­ ble in chlorinated hydrocarbons. High stability to water and mineral and organic acids.

Material

Table 1 - 6 (continued) CHLORINATED POLYETHER, CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, POLYCARBONATES

3.80 3.58

X 1015 475

More stable to sol­ vents that tend to act as stress crack ­ ing agents than is base resin alone. Reinforced material generally displays chemical resistance normally associated with polycarbonates.

250 295

1 5 -2 0 5 7 5 -6 5 0 0.002

0.006 0.007 120 (tungsten electrode)

1.4

Polycarbonate (40% glass fiber reinforced)

15

Valves, pump parts, water meter parts, tank linings, pipe, sheet, and coatings for high tempera ­ ture corrosive envi­ ronments.

Chlorinated polyether

From 1973 Materials Selector, Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 247. With permission.

Uses

ASTM No.

Valves, pump parts, pipe for high tem­ perature corrosive environments.

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

Material

Electrical parts, housings, structur­ al parts, electronic com ponents, safe­ ty helmets, street light globes, port ­ able tool housings.

Polycarbonate

Table 1—6 (continued) CHLORINATED POLYETHER, CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, POLYCARBONATES

Military parts, m od ­ ule cases, pump im­ pellers, weapons components, aircraft parts, automotive parts, portable tool housings.

Polycarbonate (40% glass fiber reinforced)

16 H andbook o f Materials Science

Step by step (wet '5) Dissipation factor0 Dry Wetd Dielectric constant® Dry Wetd Volume resistivity, megohm -cmd Surface resistivity, megohmd Arc resistance, sec

Electrical properties Dielectric strength, V/mil Short time (dry) Short time (wet**) Step by step (dry) Step by step (w et ' 5) Dielectric breakdown, kV Short time (dry) Short time (wet*5) Step by step (dry)

Mechanical properties Modulus o f elasticity in tension, psia Tensile strength, psi Hardness (Rockwell) Impact strength (Izod notched), ft-lb/in. Flexural strength, 1,000 psi Compressive strength, 1,000 psi

Physical properties Specific gravity Coefficient o f thermal expansion/0F Water absorption (122 F, 48 hr), % Flammability (ignition time), sec

3.9, 3.3 4.1, 3.4 6 0 ,0 0 0 - 6 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 ,0 0 0 - 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 5 -1 1 5

D150 D150 D257 D257 D495

3.8, 3.6 3.9, 3.7 1 0 0 - 2 5 ,0 0 0 5 0 0 - 2 5 ,0 0 0 105 -125

0.008, 0.015 0 .0 09 ,0 .0 1 7

6 5 -7 5 6 0 -6 5 5 5 -6 0 4 6 -6 0 0 .0 23 ,0 .0 1 5 0.045, 0.040

65 60 60 55

350 325

D149 D149

D150 D150

3 7 6 -3 9 0 3 6 0 -3 9 1 3 5 0 -3 7 4 3 5 0 -3 6 1

1 .7 - 4 .5 9 - 1 1 .5 2 0 -3 0

4 ,6 0 0 - 5 ,5 0 0

1 .4 0 - 1 .6 5 5.2 X 1 0 " 5 0 .2 - 0 .5 8 4 -9 0 e

Dacron filled

400 375

6 X 10s 4 ,5 0 0 - 6 ,0 0 0 M108 0 .5 - 1 .2 7 .5 - 1 0 .5 2 0 -2 5

1 .3 1 - 1 .3 5 5.0 X 10 “ 5 0 .2 - 0 .5 68

Orion filled

D149 D149

D638 D638 D785 D256 D790 D695

D792 D696

No.

a cn rw n o i ivi

Table 1 - 7 DIALLYL PHTHALATES - MOLDED

1 .5 0 - 1 .9 6 4.0 X 10 " 5 0 .4 - 0 .7 70e

5.2, 4.5 6.5, 4.8 1 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 1 2 5 -1 4 0

4.5, 4.2 4.6, 4.4 1 0 .0 0 0 - 50,000 1 0 .0 0 0 - 100,000 1 2 5 -1 3 5

0 .0 1 ,0 .0 1 5 0 .0 1 2 ,0 .0 2 0

6 3 -7 0 4 5 -6 5 5 5 -6 5 4 5 -6 5

5 5 -8 0 55 38390 .0 5 ,0 .0 3 0 .1 5 4 ,0 .0 5 0

3 5 0 -4 3 0 3 0 0 -4 2 0 3 0 0 -4 2 0 2 7 5 -4 2 0

5 ,5 0 0 - 9 ,5 0 0 M108 0 .5 - 1 5 .0 1 0 -1 8 25

1 .5 5 - 1 .8 5 2.2.-2.6 X 10 ~5 0 .2 - 0 .4 7 0 —4 0 0 e

Glass fiber filled

3 5 0 -4 5 0 3 0 0 -4 0 0 3 0 0 -4 0 0 2 5 0 -3 5 0

70 60

Asbestos filled

12 X 10s 4 ,0 0 0 - 6 ,5 0 0 M107 0 .3 0 - 0 .5 0 8 -1 0 1 8 -2 5

Type

17

From 1973 Materials Selector , Reinhoid Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 248. With permission.

C on dition ed 48 hr at 122 ° F. ^Tested after 48-hr immersion in water at 122°F. c Values given for frequencies o f 1 kc and 1 me, in that order. ^Conditioned 30 days at 100% RH and 15 8° F. eFlame-resistant type is available. f480 hr, 257 ° F.

ducts, etc. Laminates — decorative sheets for surfacing real and grain-printed w ood and fabrics, etc.

Molding com pounds - connectors, potentiometers, plugboards, housings, appliance fixtures, resistors, insulators, etc. Prepregs - radomes, aircraft leading edges, housings, nose cones, air

4 0 0 -4 5 0 3 5 0 -5 0 0

1 ,0 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 2 7 0 -3 1 0 0 .0 0 1 - 0 .0 0 5 0.0002

1 ,0 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 2 7 0 -3 1 0 0 .0 0 5 - 0 .0 0 9 0.0005

3 5 0 -4 5 0 3 0 0 -3 5 0

5 0 0 - 2 ,0 0 0 2 7 0 -3 2 0 0 .0 0 0 - 0 .0 0 5

1 .9 - 6 .0

Glass fiber filled

5 0 0 - 2 ,0 0 0 2 7 0 -3 2 0 0 .0 0 4 - 0 .0 0 8

1 .9 - 2 .4

Asbestos filled

Uses

3 0 0 -3 7 0 2 7 0 -2 9 0

1 ,0 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 2 7 0 -2 9 0 0.010 0.0006

1 ,0 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0 2 7 0 -2 9 0 0 .0 1 2 - 0 .0 1 5 0.001

300 2 4 0 -2 6 6

5 0 0 - 2 ,0 0 0 2 7 0 -2 9 0 0 .0 0 9 - 0 .0 1 0

3 .5 - 5 .2

5 0 0 - 2 ,0 0 0 2 7 0 -2 9 0 0 .0 0 9 - 0 .0 1 1

3 .5 - 5 .2

Dacron filled

Unaffected by weak acids and alkalis and organic solvents; slightly affected by strong acids and alkalis

D648

D392

Orion filled

Type

Chemical resistance

Maximum recommended service temperature, ° F Heat distortion temperature, ° F

Heat resistance

Compression molding Pressure, psi Temperature, ° F Mold shrinkage, in./in. Transfer molding Pressure, psi Temperature, ° F Mold shrinkage, in./in. Post-mold shrinkage^, in./in.

Bulk factor

Fabricating properties

No.

nAoCTH lm

Table 1—7 (continued) DIALLYL PHTHALATES - MOLDED

18 H andbook o f Materials Science

Volume resistivity, ohm -cm (short time), V/mil Dielectric strength Dielectric constant 60 cycles 106 cycles Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Arc resistance, sec

Electrical properties

Mechanical properties Modulus o f elasticity in compression, psi Modulus o f elasticity in tension, psi Tensile strength, 1,000 psi Elongation (in 2 in.), % Hardness (Rockwell) Abrasion resistance, g/cycle Impact (Izod notched), ft- lb/in. Modulus o f elasticity in flexure, psi Flexural strength (0.1% offset), 1,000 psi Compressive strength (0.1% offset), 1,000 psi

Thermal conductivity, Btu/hr/ft2/ ° F Coefficient o f thermal expansion/0F Refractive index Specific heat, Btu/lb/ ° F Transmittance (luminous), % Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability

Physical properties Specific gravity

> 1 0 18 4 0 0 -5 0 0 2.1 2.1 0.0002 0.0002 > 200

2 .6 - 2 .7 2 .3 0 - 2 .3 7 0.02 0 .0 0 7 - 0 .0 1 0 >360

D150 D150 D150 D150

3.6 3.6 0 .0 0 0 5 - 0 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 0 5 - 0 .0 0 1 5

2 .9 2 .9 -

3 0 0 -4 0 0

10IS

1 .4 - 1 .8

0 .7 - 1 .8

1018

4.64 X 105

5 3 0 -6 0 0

0.01 Noninflammable

2 .1 4 - 2 .1 7 0.12 8 .3 - 1 0 .5 X 10 ~ 5 1.34 0.28

Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)

10.0 7.5 0.050 0.184 5 0 -6 0

2.1 2.1 0.0003 0.0003 >165

5 0 0 -6 0 0

5 X 1014 260

2 1 2 .8 - 1 4 .2

1 .7 2 X 10s 1 .7 2 X 10s 7 .2 - 8 .6 2 0 0 -3 0 0 R110 0 .0 0 0 6 - 0 .0 0 1 2 3.8

0.03 Self extinguishing

8.5 X 1 0 " 5 1.42 0.33

1.77 0.14

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PV F2)

>2 X 1018

1.6

No break 0.8 X 105

1.5 — 2.0 X 10s 0 .6 - 0 .8 X 10s 1 .5 2.0 X 105 0 .5 - 0 .7 X 10s 2 .5 - 3 .5 0 .7 5 - 2 .5 2 5 0 -3 3 0 1 0 -2 0 0 58D R 3 5 -5 5

>0.2 Noninflammable

1 .7 - 2 .0 X 10 ~ sd

2 .2 - 2 .4

reinforced (PTFEa)

Ceramic

Type

2 . 5 - 4.0 0.6 X 10s

0 .7 0 - 0 .9 0 X 10s 0 .3 8 - 0 .6 5 X 10s 2 . 5 - 6.5 2 5 0 -3 5 0 5 2D

0.01 Noninflammable

2 .1 - 2 .3 0.14 5.5 X 1 0 “ 5 1.35 0.25

Polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE)

D149

1.8 X 10s 1 .9 - 3 .0 X 105 4 .6 - 5 .7 1 2 5 -1 7 5 R 1 1 0 -1 1 5 0.0080 3 .5 0 - 3 .6 2 2 .0 - 2 .5 X 10 s 3.5 2.0

2 .1 0 - 2 .1 5 0.145 3.88 X 10 ~ 5 1.43 0.22 8 0 -9 2 0.00 Noninflammable

Polytrifluoro chloroethylene (PTFCE)

D257

D256 D747 D790 D695

D638 D638 D638 D638 D785 c

D791 D570

D696 D542

D792 b

ASTM No.

Table 1 - 8 FLUOROCARBONS - MOLDED, EXTRUDED

19

3 5 0 -4 8 0 1 7 0 -2 2 0

4 5 0 -5 0 0

5 -2 0

Ceramic reinforced (PTFEa)

400

0 .0 3 - 0 .0 6

1 -2 6 0 0 -7 5 0

1 5 -2 0 6 2 5 -7 6 0

Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)

16

1 0 0 -1 2 0

8.5

0.4 Self extinguishing

1.04 1.5 5.5 0.58

Type 11

400

3.9

9.5 Self extinguishing

0.4

1.09

Type 8b

1.5 X 1011

R 7 2 - R 1 19

3 . 4 - 16.4 0 .9 2 - 3 .2 1 .5 19

2 0 0 -3 2 0

7 .5 7 .5 -

0 .8 - 1 .4 Slow burn, 0.6

1 .1 2 - 1 .1 4

Flexible3 copolymers

Material

29

Chemical resistance

Maximum recommended service temperature, ° F Deflection temp 66 psi 264 psi

Heat resistance

Bulk factor Injection molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Shrinkage, in./in. Extrusion temperature

Fabricating properties

Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Arc resistance, sec

Electrical properties (cont.)

D648

D1895

D495

D150

ASTM No.

0.03 0.02

Type 11

4 2 5 -4 2 8 4 2 0 -4 1 9

2 5 0 -3 0 0

Resists most organic chemicals such as alcohols, ketones, hydrocar ­ bons, and chlor. solvents. Attacked by strong acids, phen ols, strong oxidizing agents.

420 410

Resists esters, ketones, al­ kalis, weak acids, alco ­ hols, and com m on sol­ vents. Not resistant to concentrated mineral acids.

2 6 0 -3 5 0 1 1 5 -1 3 0

1 7 5 -2 0 0

Excellent to resistance aqueous al­ kalis, ali­ phatic and aromatic hydrocar ­ bons, ether and mineral oils; poor to good re­ sistance to dilute mineral acids, al­ cohols, aro ­ matic acids.

129

Resists al­ kalis, petro ­ leum prod ­ ucts, and com m on or ­ ganic sol­ vents. Not resistant to phenols and concentrat ­ ed acids and oxi ­ dants.

302 131

2 1 2 -2 5 0

4 -1 0 , 3 9 0 -5 2 0 0 .0 1 0 - 0 .0 2 1 3 5 0 -5 5 0

8 -1 2 3 0 0 -4 0 0 0 .0 0 8 - 0 .0 2 5 3 0 0 -3 8 0

0.19 0.08

Type 8^

1 0 -2 0 5 0 0 -5 7 0 0.003 5 0 0 -6 0 0 1 4 -2 2 4 2 0 -5 5 0 0 .0 1 5 - 0 .0 2 5 4 2 0 -5 7 5

0 .0 0 7 - 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 - 0 .0 1 5

Flexible3 copolymers

2.2

2 5 0 -3 0 0

0.015 0.05

Cast

Material

2.23

0 .0 2 2 - 0 .0 0 8 0 .0 1 9 - 0 .0 1 5 9 2 -8 1

Glass fiber (30%) reinforced3

Resists esters,, ketones, alkalis, weak acids, alcohols, and com m on sol vents. Not concentrated resistant to \ mineral acid s.

360 1 5 5 -1 6 0

2 5 0 -3 0 0 f

1 0 -2 0 4 4 0 -5 5 0 0 .1 2 - 0 .2 0 4 5 0 -6 0 0

0 .0 6 - 0 .0 1 4 0 .0 3 - 0 .0 4

General purpose3

Type 6

Table 1—12 (continued) NYLONS - MOLDED, EXTRUDED

Resists alka­ lis, petrol­ eum prod ­ ucts, and common or ­ ganic solvents. Not resistant to phenols and concen ­ trated acids and oxidants.

1 7 5 -2 3 0

8 .5 - 1 4 .2 3 7 5 -4 6 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 1 6 3 7 5 -4 6 0

1.9

0.04 (1 0 3 cps)

Type 12

30 H andbook o f Materials Science

J

I s

o

s«5 $ Z •

1

H O

Z

si General pur­ pose Type 6 parts re­ quiring greater stiffness and dimensional stability.

Cast Bearings, wearplates, bushings, gears, roll­ ers, stock shapes.

From 1 9 7 3 Materials Selector , Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 253. With permission.

aDry, as-molded properties. bNon -cross-linked; can be cross-linked. c Dynamic, no lubrication, nylon to steel. d 1,000 psi. e0.4, self extinguishing to slow burning. fHeat stabilized.

2

Bearings, gears, bush­ ings, coil forms, brush backs, rod, tubing, tape.

§ u

Glass fiber (30%) reinforced1

ft

Uses

1 x

General purpose1

a D

ASTM No.

.5 “ Type 6

Parts re ­ quiring high impact strength or flexibility.

Flexible1 copolymers

Material

Molded parts requiring flexibility and chem ­ ical resist­ ance

Type 8b

Electrical in­ sulation and other nylon uses where low moisture ab ­ sorption is needed.

Type 11

Filament, rod, tubing, sheet, m old ­ ings requir­ ing dimen ­ sional stabil­ ity and low moisture ab­ sorption.

Type 12

31

5.5 X 10 1S 2.6 X 1015 4 0 0 ,4 8 0 4.0, 4.4 3.5, 4.1

385 4.0, 3.6, -

D149 D150

Dielectric strength (short time), V/mil Dielectric constant 60 cycles 106 cycles

14, 20 2 6 ,3 5 10, 18 2.5, 3.4e 20, 24 E60, E80

1.8, 2.2

3 0 0 -4 0 0

M 9 5 -1 0 0

2 6 -2 8 1 1 -1 3

3

1 9 -2 2

Opaque 0 .5 - 0 .7 Slow burn

Opaque 0.9, 0.8 Slow burn

25, 30

1.75

1 .3 7 - 1 .4 1 1.13, 1.15 1.7, -

General purpose extrusion4

1015

4.1, 1.75 1.3, 4.9 (1%), R 1 1 8 -1 0 8 - , 3 -5

90, 240 5, 30

1.26, 8.6 12.6, 8.6

0 .3 - 0 .5 Opaque 1.5 !Self extinguishing

Type

Glass fiber molybdenum disulfide filled0

1.37, 1.47 1.5, 3.3 2.1, 1.4

1014 - 1 0 15

60, 300 5, 25 4.75, 3.85 Unbreakable 410, 175 1.0, 2.0 4.9, R118, R108 3 -5 , 6 -8

11.8, 11.2 11.8, 8.5

1 .1 3 - 1 .1 5 , 1.7, 4.5, 0 .3 - 0 .5 Translucent 1.5, Self extinguishing 0 .0 4 - 0 .1 3 ,-

D257

D638 D790 D790 D638 D695 D785 D1044

D638

D638

D542 D570 D635

D696

D792

Glass fiber reinforced*5

Volume resistivity, ohm -cm

Electrical properties

Tensile strength, 1,000 psi Ultimate Yield Elongation, % Ultimate Yield Modulus o f elasticity in tension, 10s psi Flexural strength, 1,000 psi Modulus o f elasticity in flexure, 105 psi Impact strength (Izod notched), ft-lb/in. Compressive strength (1%), 1,000 psi Hardness (Rockwell) Abrasion resistance (Taber CS -17), m g/1,000 cycles

Mechanical properties

Specific gravity Thermal conductivity, B tu/hr/ft2/ ° F/in. Coefficient o f thermal expansion, 1 0 _5/ ° F Specific heat, Btu/lb/ ° F Refractive, index, nD Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability, ipm Coefficient o f static frict (against self)

Physical properties

ASTM No.

General purpose molding4

6/6 Nylon

Table 1 - 1 3 NYLONS - MOLDED AND EXTRUDED

3.9, 3.5, -

470

1015

85, 220 5, 30 2 .8 - 3 .0 , 8 2.8, 1.6 0.6, 1.6 3.0 (1%), R ill

8.5, 7.1 8.5, 7.1

1 .0 7 - 1 .0 9 ,1.5 5 0 .3 - 0 .5 Opaque 0.4 Self extinguishing

General purposea

6/10 Nylon

23 8.5 3.4 18 E 4 0 -5 0

1.9

19

Opaque 0.2 Slow burr

1.30 3.5 2.5

Glass fibei (30%) reinforced0

32 H andbook o f Materials Science

Electrical properties (cont.)

Uses

Chemical resistance

Extrusion temperature

Bulk factor Injection molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Shrinkage, in./in.

Fabricating properties

Maximum recommended service temperature, ° F Deflection temperature, ° F 66 psi 264 psi

Heat resistance

Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Arc resistance, sec

D392

D648

D495

D150

ASTM No.

2 .2 3 ,2 .3 0

507, 509 495, 500

2 5 0 -3 0 0 d

0.018, 0.009 0 .0 1 7 ,0 .0 1 8 148, 100

Glass fiber reinforced^

1.7

2 5 0 -3 0 0 d

135

Glass fiber molybdenum disulfide filledc

Type

5 3 0 -5 7 0

470 220

2 5 0 -3 0 0 d

120

General purpose extrusion4

4 6 0 -5 0 0

1 0 -2 0 4 5 0 -6 0 0 0.015

2.2

300 135

2 5 5 -3 0 0 d

120

0.04, -

General purpose4

Bearings, gears, busihings, coil forms, brush back s, rod, tubing, tape.

Mechanical parts where lubrica­ tion is undesir­ able or difficult.

T ubing. rod, pipe, sheet­ iing, lamina­ tions.

Jacketing for wiire and cable, special molded i parts.

0.0035 0.0045

430 420

250 —300d

Glass fiber (30%) reinforced0

6/10 Nylon

Inert to most organic chemicals such as esters, ketones, alcohols, and hydrocarbons. Resist alkalis and salt solutions, but attacked by phenols, formic acid, strong mineral acids, and strong oxidizing agents.

1 0 -2 0 5 2 0 -6 5 0 0.015

2.1

470 220

2 5 0 -3 0 0 d

0.014, 0.04 0.04, 120

General purpose molding4

6/6 Nylon

Table 1 - 1 3 (continued) NYLONS - MOLDED AND EXTRUDED

33

Elongation (in 2 in.), % Hardness (Rockwell) Impact strength (Izod notched), ft -lb/in. Modulus o f elasticity in flexure, 10s psi Flexural strength, 1,000 psi Compressive strength, 1,000 psi

Modulus o f elasticity in tension, 10s psi Tensile strength, 1,000 psi

Mechanical properties

Specific gravity Thermal conductivity, B tu/hr/ft2/ ° F /ft Coefficient o f thermal expansion, 1 0 " S/ ° F Specific heat, Btu/lb/° F Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability

Physical properties

D638 D638 D651 D638 D785 D256 D790 D790 D695

D570 D635

D792 C177 D696

§ 5.0 —8.5 0 .4 - 0 .8 E 8 5 -1 0 0 0 .2 4 - 0 .5 0 8 -1 2 8 .5 - 1 2 2 2 -3 6

8 -1 3

1 .3 2 - 1 .4 6 0 .0 9 7 - 0 .3 1 .6 6 - 2 .5 0 0 .3 5 - 0 .4 0 0 .3 - 0 .8 Self extinguishing

General - woodflour and flock

3 £

ASTM No.

From 1 9 7 3 Materials Selector, Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 254. With permission.

E 8 5 -9 5 0 .4 - 1 .0 8 -1 2 8 .0 2 4 -3 5

5 .0 —

8 -1 2

11.5

8.5

0 .4 - 1 .5 Self extinguishing

1 .3 4 - 1 .4 6 0 .1 - 0 .1 6 1 .6 - 2 .3

Shock -paper. flock or pulp

5 -9 0 .3 7 - 0 .5 7 E 8 0 -9 0 0 .6 - 8 .0 9 -1 3 8 -1 5 1 5 -3 0

9 -1 4

1 .3 6 - 1 .4 3 0 .0 9 7 - 0 .1 7 0 1 .6 0 - 2 .2 2 0 .3 0 - 0 .3 5 0 .4 - 1 .7 5 Self extinguishing

High shock - chopped fabric or cord

Type and filler

5 -1 0 0.2 E 5 0 -7 0 1 0 -3 3 3 0 -3 3 1 0 -4 5 1 7 -3 0

3 0 -3 3

1 .7 5 - 1 .9 0 0.20 0.88 0 .2 8 - 0 .3 2 0 .1 - 1 .0 Self extinguishing

Very high shock -glass fiber

aWhere two values are given, the first is for dry, as-molded material, and the second for moisture equilibrium in air; single value pertains to dry material. b First value is for 30% glass fiber, the second for 40%. All values are at moisture equilibrium. c 30% glass fiber. dHeat stabilized for maximum heat resistance. ei/4 in.

Table 1 - 1 3 (continued) NYLONS - MOLDED AND EXTRUDED

34 H andbook o f Materials Science

a

Q

PB

a.

3 5 0 -4 5 0 600

From 1973 Materials Selector, Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 255. With permission.

Mechanical applications include pulleys, wheels, m otor housings, handles. Electrical uses include coil forms, ignition parts, condenser housings, fuse blocks, instrument panels. Thermal applications include handles, appliance connector plugs. Chemical uses include photographic development tanks, rayon spinning buckets and parts, milking machine cups. Decorative uses include radio and television cabinets, handles, knobs, buttons.

2 5 0 -3 0 0 2 5 0 -3 4 0

Uses

300 2 9 0 -3 4 0

0 .0 0 4 - 0 .0 0 9

3 0 0 -3 5 0 2 6 0 -3 6 0

6 6-

4 -8

3 2 0 -3 4 0 0 .0 0 5 - 0 .0 0 8

0.0

4 -8 2 8 0 -3 5 0

2 -1 2 2 7 5 -3 4 0

2 -1 0 2 7 5 -3 4 0

2 -1 0 2 7 5 -3 4 0

0 .0 0 2 - 0 .0 0 9

1 -5 2 8 0 -3 5 0

5 -7

0 .0 2 - 0 .0 3 0.02 60

7 .1 - 7 .2 4 .6 - 6 .6

2 - 6 .5 2 8 0 -3 8 0

12

60

15.0 7.0

2 -5 2 9 0 -3 8 0

9

60

0 .0 8 - 0 .4 5 0 .0 3 - 0 .0 9 5-

6 .5 4 .5 -

7 - 1 0 X 1012 2 0 0 -3 7 0

1 .5 - 5 .0 2 9 0 -3 8 0

0 .0 8 - 0 .3 5 0 .0 3 - 0 .0 7 5-

5 .6 - 1 1 .0 4 .5 - 7 .0

> 1 0 10 2 0 0 -3 5 0

Very high shock - glass fiber

3 .0 - 1 8 .0

4.4

9.0 7.0

1 - 5 0 X 1011 2 5 0 -3 5 0

High sh ock - ch opp ed fabric or cord

2 .3 - 5 .7

2 .1 -

0 .0 5 - 0 .3 0 0 .0 3 - 0 .0 7 5 -6 0

5 .0 4 .0 -

109 - 1 0 13 2 0 0 -4 2 5

Shock - paper, flock or pulp

Severely attacked by strong acids and strong alkalis. Effects o f dilute acids, alkalis, and organic solvents vary with the reagent. Chemical resistance varies with the particular formulation and not all materials o f a type are equally resistant.

D648

D150 D150 D495

D150 D150

D257 D149

G eneral - w oodflour and flock

Type and filler

Chemical resistance

Heat resistance Maximum recommended service temperature, ° F Deflection temperature, ° F

Fabricating properties Bulk factor Compression molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Transfer molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Injection molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Mold shrinkage, in./in.

Electrical properties Volume resistivity, ohm - cm Dielectric strength (short time), V/mil Dielectric constant 60 cycles 106 cycles Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Arc resistance, sec

ASTM No.

Table 1—14 (continued) PHENOLICS - MOLDED

35

Bulk factor Compression molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F

Fabricating properties

Volume resistivity, ohm -cm Dielectric strength (short time), V/mil Dielectric constant 60 cycles 106 cycles Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Arc resistance, sec

Electrical properties

Elongation (in 2 in.), % Hardness (Rockwell) Impact strength (Izod notched), ft-lb/in. Modulus o f elasticity in flexure, 105 psi Flexural strength, 1,000 psi Compressive strength, 1,000 psi

4 .5 - 9 0 .7 5 - 2 .2 5 M 4 0 -9 0 0 .3 4 - 1 .0 4 -6 7 -1 2 1 2 -2 0

6

0 .1 5 - 0 .6 0 0 .1 - 0 .2 7 -2 0

0 .1 3 - 0 .1 6 0.10 180

D150 D150 D495

2 -5 2 8 5 -3 5 0

2 -6 3 0 0 -3 6 0

2 .5 -

9 -1 6 5

7.4 5.0

D150 D150

2.4

lO 8 - ^ 11 2 5 0 -3 7 5

6 X 1012 380

E 8 0 -9 0 0.32 1 0 -3 0 10 20

4 -6

4.0

1 .2 4 - 1 .3 5 0.12 0 .8 3 - 2 .2 0 0.33 0 .5 - 2 .0 Self extinguishing

1 0 -3 0

0 .2 8 - 0 .3 2 0.2 Self extinguishing

1 .6 - 3 .0 0 .2 4 - 0 .3 4

D257 D149

D638 D638 D651 D638 D785 D256 D790 D790 D695

On

Modulus o f elasticity in tension, 1 0 s psi Tensile strength, 1,000 psi

DC

Mechanical properties

§

D570 D635

1 3

D696

Ho

D792 C177

429

0.073

3.35 10.7 4.0 15 8.4 R105

>100

6.5

3.5 0.293 Opaque 0.06 Nonburning

1.35 1.01

PVC -acrylica sheet

0.037 0.031 25

4.0 3.4

5 X 1015 400

0.0058

2.75 8.7 3.0 15 6.2 R104

150

5.5

Opaque 0.13 Nonburning

1.30 0.98

PVC -acrylic injection molded

14.3 6.78b

f f f

f f

f f

0.080a

7.5 11 7.0 0.5d 27.4 99

1 0 17 650(125 mil)

R 2 8 -9 5

4.4

5.5 —6.5

D695

2 .8 - 4 .3

D638, B D790, B D790, B D256

5.5 5.2 3 0 -> 2 0 0 7 -1 3 1.3 4.1 1 .0 2.0 1 .5 - 1 2

4 .8 4 .8 -

0 .9 0 0 - 0 .9 1 0 1.72 1 .2 1 - 1 .3 6 4 . 0 - 5.9 3 .8 5.8 0 .4 5 - 0 .4 8 0.45 TranslucentTranslucentopaque opaque < 0 .0 1 - 0 .0 2 < 0 .0 1 - 0 .0 3 0 .7 - 1 1

0 .9 0 0 - 0 .9 1 0

General purpose

3 0 -> 2 0 0 9 -1 5 1 .6 - 2 .2 6 -7 1.7 —2.5 0 .4 - 2 .2

D638, C

D570 D635

D542

D696

D792

ASTM No.

Polypropylene

Table 1 - 2 1 POLYPROPYLENE, POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE

53

Chemical resistance

Fabricating properties Bulk factor Injection molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Shrinkage, in./in. Extrusion temperature

Heat resistance Maximum recommended service temperature, °F Deflection temperature, ° F 66 psi 264 psi

Arc resistance, sec

106 cycles

Dissipation factor 60 cycles

Electrical properties (c o n t )

D648

D495

D 150

ASTM No.

Resistant to most acids, alkalis, and saline solutions, even at higher temperatures; resistant to higher aliphatic solvents and polar substances. Above 175 ° F soluble in such aromatic substances as toluene and xylene, and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

1 0 -2 0 4 0 0 -5 5 0 0 .0 1 0 -0 .0 2 0 3 8 0 -4 3 0 1 0 -2 0 4 0 0 -5 5 0 0 .0 0 3 -0 .0 0 8

1 0 -2 0 4 0 0 -5 5 0 0 .0 1 0 -0 .0 2 5 3 8 0 -4 3 0

1 0 -2 0 4 0 0 -5 5 0 0 .0 1 0 -0 .0 2 5 3 8 0 -4 3 0

2 4 5 -2 8 0 155

1.31 1 5 -2 0 4 5 0 -5 7 5 0 .0 0 1 -0 .0 0 8 4 3 0 -5 7 5

2 7 5 -3 1 0 2 5 0 -3 0 0

1 .8 ­ 2 .2

2 7 0 -2 9 0 1 7 0 -2 2 0

205

1 5 -4 0

0 .0 0 0 7 0.017 0 .0 0 0 6 0.003

Flame retardant

1.8 —2.2

1 9 0 -2 3 5 1 2 0 -1 4 0

7 3 -7 7

1 2 1 -1 2 5

250

0.003

0.002

0 .0 0 0 2 0.0003 1 2 3 -1 4 0

250

0.002

Glass reinforced

0.007

Asbestos filled

< 0.0016

High impact

Material

1 .8 - 2 .2

2 0 5 -2 3 0 1 3 5 -1 4 0

230

0 .0 0 0 5 0 .0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 0 2 0.0003 1 2 5 -1 3 6

General purpose

Polypropylene

Table 1—21 (continued) POLYPROPYLENE, POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE

1 0 -1 5 6 0 0 -7 0 0 0.004 6 0 0 -7 0 0

425

500

0.0041

40% glass reinforced

Excellent resistance to organic solvents below 375 ° F. Unaffected by strong alkalis or aqueous inorganic salt solutions.

1 0 -1 5 6 0 0 -7 0 0 0.008 6 0 0 -7 0 0

278

500

0.0007

Standard

Polyphenylene sulfide

54 H andbook o f Materials Science

Asbestos filled

Housings, automobile fan shrouds, covers.

High impact Luggage seating packaging, housings, automotive parts, con ­ tainers, wire coating.

General purpose

Hospital ware, housewares, appli­ ances, radio and TV housings, film fibers.

From 1973 Materials Selector, Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 262. With permission.

Uses

ASTM No.

Housings, shrouds, cases, panels, and mechanical parts.

Glass reinforced

Polypropylene

Table 1 - 2 1 (continued) POLYPROPYLENE, POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE

Electrical uses to meet UL require­ ments, housings and shields.

Flame retardant

Material

Corrosion resistant pump components, valves, and pipe.

Standard

Pump vanes, valve parts, gaskets, fuel cells, and auto parts requiring chemical resistance at higher temperatures.

40% glass reinforced

Polyphenylene sulfide

55

Electrical properties Volume resistivity, ohm - cm

D257

10, 7 - 1 0 19

1 .6 - 1 .8 5

1017 - 1 0 19

1 .4 1.7

1 2 -3 0

1 3 -2 7

1017 - 1 0 19

1

> 1 0 15

3 5 -5 0

< -1 4 8

1 0 15

3 5 -5 0

< -1 4 8

2 0 0 -4 2 5 D 5 5 -D 5 6

2 .3 -

2.4

> 1 0 15

1 3 0 -1 5 0

> 1 0 15

9 0 -1 2 5

> 1 0 15

150

> 1 0 15

75

< -1 0 0 - 1 0 0 — 180 < - 7 6 —< - 1 7 0

1 0 0 -7 0 0 D 6 8 -7 0 1 .2 - 2 .5

5 0 - 1 ,0 0 0 D 6 0 -7 0 0 .4 - 6 .0 7 0 0 - 1 ,0 0 0 D 6 8 -7 0 4 .0 - 1 4 - 1 0 6 — 180

400 6 0 -6 5 >20

4.4 2 .9 - 4 .0

4.4

5.4

1.0

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

0 .2 0 - 0 .2 4

1 0 16 4 0 0 -5 0 0

M 8 0 -8 5

0 .3 0 - 0 .4 5

4 .0 - 5 .0

0 .5 —3.7

9 .5 -

12.0

3.4 3.02

1.6 3.6 —3.7 0.33 1 .5 6 5 - 1 .5 6 9 0 .2 0 - 0 .3 5 0.8

3.5 3.4

4.4 X 1016 515

1.4 1.4 17.5 22 14.5 3.0 2.3 M 9 0 -1 0 0

18 18

Opaque 0.15

1.35

Glass fiber (30%) reinforced SAN

1 .0 4 - 1 .0 7

Styrene acrylonitrile (SAN)

60 H andbook o f Materials Science

Bulk factor Injection molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Shrinkage, in./in. Extrusion temperature (Vicat soft)

Fabricating properties

Maximum recommended service temperature, ° F Deflection temperature, ° F 66 psi 264 psi D648

2 1 .6 - 2 .3 1 0 -2 4 3 0 0 -4 5 0 0 .0 0 2 - 0 .0 0 8 1 9 0 -2 2 0

1 0 -2 4 3 0 0 -6 0 0 0 .0 0 2 - 0 .0 0 8 1 8 7 -2 1 6

1 0 -2 4 3 2 5 -6 5 0 0 .0 0 2 - 0 .0 0 8 1 9 4 -2 2 4

210 maximum

1 2 5 -1 6 5

1 .6 - 2 .3

210 maximum

1 2 5 -1 6 5

0 .0 0 0 4 - 0 .0 0 2 0 .0 0 0 4 - 0 .0 0 2 2 0 -1 0 0

High impact

Material

1 .6 - 2 .3

220 maximum

1 6 0 -2 0 5

Medium impact

0 .0 0 0 4 - 0 .0 0 2 0 .0 0 0 4 - 0 .0 0 2 2 0 -1 3 5

-t z

Heat resistance

7 S

0 .0 0 0 1 - 0 .0 0 0 3 0 .0 0 0 1 - 0 .0 0 0 5 6 0 -1 3 5

■S w

D495

co

D150

8 a

Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Arc resistance, sec

3 I

Electrical properties (con t)

I I

General purpose

1

ASTM No.

O w /—s Q •g J

Polystyrenes

0 .5 - 1 .2 (line) 4 5 0 -6 2 5 0 .0 0 1 - 0 .0 0 3

230 220

1 9 0 -2 0 0

0.005 0.002 28

Glass fiber (30%) reinforced

1 0 -2 4 3 7 5 -5 5 0 0 .0 0 3 - 0 .0 0 7

2 1 0 -2 2 0

1 7 5 -1 9 0

> 0.006 0 .0 0 7 - 0 .0 1 0 1 0 0 -1 5 0

Styrene acrylonitrile (SAN)

0 .5 - 1 .2 (line) 4 3 0 -5 5 0 0 .0 0 0 5 - 0 .0 0 2

230 220

0.005 0.009 65

oiass fiber (30%) reinforced SAN

61

High impact

Material

Thin parts, long flow parts, toys, appli­ ances, con ­ tainers, film, monofila ­ ments, and housewares.

Radio cabinets, toys, con ­ tainers, packa­ ging, and clo ­ sures.

Containers, cups, lids, large thin wall parts, auto parts, TV cabinets, trays, and appliance housings.

Resists alkalis, salts, low alcohols, glycols, and water. Fair resistance to mineral chemicals and vegetable oils. Not resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Medium impact

From 1973 Materials Selector, Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 265. With permission.

Uses

2

Chemical resistance

s e H 2

General purpose

C 1 o CO v£ g

5 ^

ASTM No.

Q W 's Q "O iJ § o Polystyrenes

Auto dash­ board skeletons, camera housings and frames, tape reels, fan blades.

No effect by weak acids, strong acids; attacked by oxidizing acids; no effect by weak alkalis; attacked slowly by strong alka­ lis; soluble in aromatic and chlorinated hydrocar ­ bons.

Glass fiber (30% ) reinforced

Kitchenware, tumblers, broom bristles, ice buckets, closures, Film, con ­ tainers, lenses, battery cases.

Resistant to alkalis and acids, ani­ mal and vegetable oils, soaps, detergents, and house ­ hold chemicals.

Styrene acrylonitrile (SAN)

Glass

Camera housings and frames, auto bezels, electrical components, handles, auto panels.

No effect by weak acids, alkalis, strong acids; attacked by oxidizing acids, strong alkalis; soluble in ketones, esters, some chlorinated hydrocar ­ bons.

fiber (30%) reinforced SAN

62 H andbook o f Materials Science

Electrical properties Volume resistivity, ohm -cm Dielectric strength, (short time), V/mil Dielectric constant (60 cycles) Dissipation factor (60 cycles) Loss factor (60 cycles)

Mechanical properties Modulus o f elasticity in tension, 10s psi Tensile strength, 1,000 psi Elongation (in 2 in.), % Hardness (Rockwell) Hardness (Shore) Impact strength (Izod notched), ft-lb/in. Modulus o f elasticity in flexure, psi 100% modulus, psi Flexural strength, 1,000 psi Compressive strength, 1,000 psi Compressive yield strength, 1,000 psi Cold flexural temperature, ° F Cold bend temperature, ° F

Physical properties Specific gravity Thermal conductivity, B tu/hr/ft2/ ° F /ft Coefficient o f thermal expansion, 10 _5/ ° F Refractive index Specific heat, Btu/lb/ ° F Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability

D257 D149 D150 D150 D150

D790 D695 D695 D1043

D412 D412 D638 D785 D676 D256 D790

D792 D325 D696 D542 D570 D635

ASTM No.

6 0 0 - 2 ,8 0 0

6 0 0 - 2 ,8 0 0

5 .5 - 9 .1 0 .0 5 - 0 .1 5

1 - 7 0 0 X 1012

4 - 3 0 0 X 1011 2 4 -5 0 0 6 .0 —8.0 0 .0 8 - 0 .1 1 1 .0 - 1 .2

-7 -+ 2 0 -4 9 — 4

A 7 8 -1 0 0 Variable

A 5 0 -1 0 0 Variable

-7 0 -0 -4 0 — 4

0 .0 1 - 0 .0 3 2 - 3 .2 2 2 0 -3 6 0

10, 4 - > 1 0 16 7 2 5 - 1 ,4 0 0 2.3 —3.7 0 .0 2 0 - 0 .0 3 0 .0 3 0 - 0 .0 7 2

1 1 -1 6 1 1 -1 2 1 0 -1 1

3 .5 4 .0b 5 .5 8 1 -1 0 R 1 1 0 -1 2 0 D 7 0 -8 5 0 .5 - 1 0 3.8 —5.4 X 10 s

0 .0 3 - 0 .4 0 Self extinguishing

0 .4 0 - 0 .7 5 Self extinguishing

0 .2 - 1 .0 Self extinguishing

0 .0 0 4 - 0 .0 3 1 - 3 .5 2 0 0 -4 5 0

1 .3 2 - 1 .4 4 0 .0 7 - 0 .1 0 2 .8 - 3 .3

Rigid - norm al impact

1 .1 6 - 1 .4 0 0 .0 7 - 0 .1 0

N onrigid - electrical

1 .2 0 - 1 .5 5 0 .0 7 - 0 .1 0

Nonrigid -general

Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride acetate

Type

Table 1 - 2 5 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND COPOLYMERS - MOLDED, EXTRUDED

3 -5 0 .0 3 - 0 .1 5

10, 4 - 1 0 16

7 5 -8 5

1 5 - 1 7 , flexible

0 .7 - 2 .0 4 -8 ,1 5 -4 0 1 5 -2 5 ,2 0 -3 0 M 5 0 -6 5 >A95 2 - 8 , 0.053

1 .6 8 - 1 .7 5 0.053 8.78 1 .6 0 - 1 .6 3 0.32 >0.1 Self extinguishing

Vinylidene chloride3

63

Chemical resistance

Maximum recommended service temperature, ° F Heat distortion temperature, ° F 66 psi 264 psi Softening point, ° F

Heat resistance

Bulk factor Compression molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Injection molding Pressure, 1,000 psi Temperature, ° F Mold shrinkage, in./in. Extrusion temperature, ° F

Fabricating properties

D648 D648

ASTM No.

1 7 0 -1 8 5 1 4 0 -1 7 0

1 5 0 -1 6 5

Generally .resistant to alkalis and weak acids. Moderately to not resistant to strong acids. Not resistant to ketones and esters; aromatic hydrocarbons produce swelling.

1 4 0 -2 2 0

>20 3 0 0 -3 7 5 0 .0 0 1 -0 .0 0 4 3 6 0 ­4 2 0 d

1 2 -2 0 3 2 5 -3 7 5 0 .0 2 -0 .0 6 3 5 0 -3 8 5

7 -1 5 3 2 0 -3 5 0 0 .0 2 -0 .0 5 3 2 5 -4 0 0

1 5 0 -2 2 0

>1 2 7 5 -4 0 0 c

0 .5 - 2 2 8 5 -3 5 0

0 .5 - 2 2 8 5 -3 5 0

2 .0 -2 .4

Rigid-normal impact

2 .4 -2 .6

Nonrigid-electrical

2 .4 -2 .6

Nonrigid -general

Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride acetate

Type

Table 1—25 (continued) POLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND COPOLYMERS - MOLDED, EXTRUDED

Excellent to all acids and most com m on al­ kalis.®

1 9 0 -2 1 0 1 3 0 -1 5 0 2 4 0 ­2 8 0

1 7 0 ­2 1 2

1 0 -3 0 3 0 0 ­4 0 0 0 .0 0 8 -0 .0 1 2 500 > 900

0 .1 5 0 - 5 3 1 0 -3 5 0 0 .0 0 4 - 0 .0 0 6

1 -3 3 0 0 -3 5 0 0 .0 0 6 - 0 .0 1 0

1 -3 350 0 .0 0 6 - 0 .0 1 0

0 .0 5 - 1 0 350 0.0005

2.0

Granular (silica) reinforced silicones

Material

5 -7

Fibrous (glass) reinforced silicones

Table 1—26 (continued) SILICONES - MOLDED, LAMINATED

Satisfactory resistance to aviation gas, lube oils, 40% sul­ furic acid, 5% hydrochloric acid, and Freon 114®. Slightly attacked by 5% hydrochloric acid. Severely attacked by many organic solvents.

4 5 0 -5 0 0 > 900

Laminating 0 .9 - 1 .0 350

Woven glass fabric/ silicone laminate

67

Woven glass fabric/ silicone laminate

Special high­ temperature structural or electrical parts such as aircraft radomes and ductwork, thermal and arc barriers, covers and cases for high - frequency equipment.

Granular (silica) reinforced silicones

Electronic com ­ ponent encapsul­ ation such as transistors, diodes, resistors, and capacitors.

Connector plugs, and other struc­ tural electronic parts requiring heat resistance.

Material Fibrous (glass) reinforced silicones

From 1973 Materials Selector, Reinhold Publishing, Stamford, Conn., 1972, 267. With permission.

Uses

ASTM No.

Table 1—26 (continued) SILICONES - MOLDED, LAMINATED

68 H andbook o f Materials Science

Electrical properties Volume resistivity, ohm -cm Dielectric strength (short time), V/mil Dielectric constant 60 cycles 10* cycles Dissipation factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Loss factor 60 cycles 106 cycles Arc resistance, sec

Mechanical properties Modulus o f elasticity in tension, psi Tensile strength, 1,000 psi Elongation (in 2 in.), % Hardness (Rockwell) Impact strength (Izod notched), ft-lb/in. Flexural strength, 1,000 psi Compressive strength, 1,000 psi Shear strength, 1,000 psi

Physical properties Specific gravity Thermal conductivity, Btu/hr/ft2/ ° F /ft Coefficient o f thermal expansion/0F Transmittance (luminous), % Water absorption (24 hr), % Flammability

0 .0 3 5 - 0 .0 4 0 0 .0 2 8 - 0 .0 3 2

0 .0 4 2 - 0 .0 4 4 0 .0 2 7 - 0 .0 2 9 0 .3 0 - 0 .3 2 0 .1 7 - 0 .1 9 8 5 -1 1 0

0 .0 3 5 - 0 .0 4 3 0J028 - 0.032 0 .2 4 - 0 .3 8 0 .1 8 - 0 .2 2 1 1 0 -1 3 0

D150 D150

D495

0 .2 4 - 0 .3 8 0 .1 8 - 0 .2 2 8 0 -1 1 0

7 .0 - 9 .5 6 .4 - 6 .9

1 2 -1 3 6.4 —6.5

7 .0 - 9 .5 6 .4 - 6 .9

D150 D150

3 0 0 -4 0 0

M 1 1 6 -1 2 0 0 .2 5 - 0 .3 5 7 .5 - 1 2 .0 2 5 -3 5

1 1 - 1 4 X 105

Self extinguishing

0

1 .4 5 - 1 .4 9

W oodflour filled

0 .5 - 5 X 1011 3 0 0 -4 0 0

5 - 8 X 1010 3 4 0 -3 7 0

0 .2 0 - 0 .2 7 5 7 .5 - 1 3

0 2.0 Self extinguishing

1 3 - 1 6 X 105 5 -1 0 1.0 E 9 4 -9 7 , M l 1 6 -1 2 0 0 .2 0 - 0 .3 5 8 -1 8 2 5 -3 8 1 1 -1 2

1.52

1 .4 5 - 1 .5 5

Cellulose filled (ASTM Type 2)

0 .1 7 - 0 .2 4 4 1 .2 2 - 1 .5 0 X 1 0 " 5 21.8 0 .4 - 0 .8 Self extinguishing

Alpha -cellulose filled (ASTM Type 1)

Type

D257 D149

D638 D638 D638 D785 D256 D790 D695

D570 D635

D792 C177 D696

ASTM No.

Table 1 - 2 7 UREAS - MOLDED

69

D648

Housings for radios, business machines, fo o d equipment; toilet seats, house ­ hold electrical switches and plugs, buttons, cosmetic containers, and closures.

depending on concentration. Low cost items; available o nly in dark color; especially suited for electric switch plates, wiri:ng de vices, and electrical parts re 250

25

Transparent, translucent

Extrusion

1.14 12 > 250

24.3

Transparent

Extrusion

610

1.12 9 -1 3 > 400

0.0005 120 24.5

Sheet, rolls, tapes Transparent

cu

Forms available

Extrusion

V H

General characteristics Method o f production

n 66

i

6

- a

ASTM No.

< § *i Nylon

Material

7,500 3.25 0.0021 >1 X 1017

5.7 0.9 17.5

1.8

1.39 1 7 -1 8 7 0 -1 3 0 45 18 Excellent 490 Nil

0.00015 55 20

Transparent, opaque

Sheet, rolls

Extrusion

Polyester3

4 0 0 -6 0 0 2.4 —2.7 0.005

213 42 926

6.2

2 2 0 -3 0 0 0 .0 4 - 0 .0 6

1 .0 5 - 1 .0 7 7 -1 2 3 -1 0 3 0 -6 0 2 -8

Transparent, translucent, opaque 0.001 40 26.1

Sheet, rolls

Extrusion

Polystyrene (oriented)

71

D543 or D1239

300 < -1 0 0 Fair Nil Excellent Self extinguishing

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

300 < -1 0 0 Fair Nil Excellent Self extinguishing

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

380 < -1 0 0 Fair Nil Excellent Self extinguishing

Excellent Excellent

Excellent Excellent

Excellent Excellent

Poor

610

Poor

66

Poor

6

Nyl
400

calendering Sheets, rolls, tapes Transparent 0.00075 60 31

Extrusion,

Set cast

Polypropylene

1 .7 9 - 1 .8 0 2 4 -3 6 1 5 0 -2 0 0

Transparent 0.00036 40a 1 2 -1 4

Sheets, rolls3

Rolls Transparent 0.0005

Extrusion

pvf2

Extrusion

PVF

Fluorocarbon

Type

73

Permanence Maximum cont. service temperature,0F Minimum service temperature, ° F Resistance to sunlight Dimensional change, % Storage stability Flammability (rate o f burning)

Strong alkalis Greases and oils Solvents Ketone and ester Chlorinated Hydrocarbon

Chemical resistance Strong acids D543 or D1239

ASTM No.

3 0 0 -3 7 5 0 G ood 2 -5 G ood Fast

Coated

Cellophane

Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

225 -1 0 0 Excellent Nil Excellent Slow

Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

400 -4 0 0 Excellent Nil Excellent Nil

Excellent Excellent Excellent G ood G ood Excellent

3 0 0 -3 9 0 -3 2 0 Excellent Nil Excellent Nil

Excellent

FEP

PVF

Fluorocarbon

Type

CTFE

Table 1—28B (continued) PLASTIC FILMS

300 -7 6 Excellent Nil Excellent Nil

G ood G ood Excellent

Excellent Excellent

Excellent

PVF2

Fair Nil Excellent Slow

285

G ood

Excellent G ood

Excellent

Excellent Slow

< ­4 0 Fair

Excellent G ood

Excellent

Polypropylene Biaxially oriented Set cast

74 H andbook o f Materials Science

.2

G

O a x: +> -

£ 0

Os

140 kbar 25 katm 25.2 katm 26.8 katm - 3 7 kbar 2 7 - 2 8 .4 katm 43, 4 3 - 6 2 kbar 81 kbar 9 0 ,9 2 - 1 0 1 kbar 50 kbar > —125 kbar >35 katm >35 katm ( P - + 0 ) - 1 2 0 kbar 115 kbar 0 — 140 kbar

Element P Pb II Sb

Se II Si Sn II Sn III Te II Te Te Tl, Tl, U Y

III IV cub. hex.

T c (K ) 4.7 5.8 3.55, 3.6 3.55 3.52 3.53 3.40 6 .7 5 ,6 .9 5 6.7, 7.1 5.2 4.85 5.30 2.05 3.4 4.28 4.25 1.45 1.95 2.3 - 1 .2 ,-2 .7

Pressure3 > 1 0 0 kbar 170 kbar 160 kbar 85 kbar 93 kbar 100 kbar - 1 5 0 kbar - 1 3 0 kbar 120 kbar 125 kbar 160 kbar 113 kbar 43 kbar 50 kbar 70 kbar 84 kbar 35 kbar 35 kbar 10 kbar 1 2 0 - 1 7 0 kbar

aTo convert katm to N /m 2, multiply b y 1.013 X 10®; to convert kbar to N/m 2 , multiply by 1 X 108 . From Roberts, B. W., Properties o f Selected Superconductive Materials, 1974 Supplement, National Bureau o f Standard Technical Note 825, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington, D.C., 1974, 11.

106

H andbook o f Materials Science

Table 2 - 7 SELECTED SUPERCONDUCTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ALLOYS All compositions are denoted on an atomic basis, i.e., AB, AB2 , or AB3 for compounds, unless noted. Solid solutions or odd compositions may be denoted as A xB ] _;c or A ZB. A series o f three or more alloys is indicated as A^Bj or by actual indication o f the atomic fraction range, such as A 0 0 6 B1 0 4 . The critical temperature o f such a series o f alloys is denoted by a range o f values or possibly the maximum value. The selection o f the critical temperature from a transition in the effective permeability, or the change in resistance, or possibly the incremental changes in frequency observed by certain techniques is not often obvious from the

literature. Most authors choose the mid -point o f such curves as the probable critical temperature o f the idealized material, while others will choose the highest temperature at which a deviation from the normal-state property is observed. In view o f the previous discussion concerning the variability o f the superconductive properties as a function o f purity and other metallurigical aspects, it is recommended that appropriate literature be checked to determine the most probable critical temperature or critical field o f a given alloy. A very limited amount o f data on critical fields, Hq , is available for these compounds and alloys; these values are given at the end o f the table.

Symbols: n = number o f normal carriers per cubic centimeter for semiconductor superconductors.

C rystal S ubstance

Tc, K

C rystal

structure

S ubstance

T c, K

structure

ty p e a

A g xA l yZ n

0 .5 - 0 .8 4 5

A g 7B F 40 8

0.15

A g B i2

3 .0 - 2 .7 8

A g7 F400

B i2Pt B i3Sr B i5T l 3 CdSn C o S i2 G r0.i T i 0 3V 0 6

>266 105 1,360 2 7 2 .4 - 2 5 9 .2

^n i - 0,86^ 8 0 - 0.14

Substance

oersteds

In S b

1,100 2 5 2 -2 8 4 252

In ^ T V , In 0.8Tl().2 M g ^ o .4 7T l ~ o .5 3 M o 0 16T i 0 84 N bSn2 P b T l0 27

220 85 In0 98P b 0.02 i n o.9eBho.o4 ln o.94P ho.06 In o.913pho.087 lno.3iePho.684 ln o .17p h o .83 l n i.OOoTC1.002 Ino.95T lo .03 In 0 90T l024 ~ 30 m ax. 15 2.32 2.8 0.73 >25 0 - 0 .0 3 2 > 5 .5 6 0.160 ( H l c ) 0.730 (H||c) 0.025 ( H l c ) 0.250 (H||c)

3.06 4.2 4.2

98.5 16.9 14.1 4.6

3.06 3.7 3.35 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 1.2 4.2 1.2 1.2

0.34

2.04

0.31 84.4

2.16 0 4.2 4.2 3.5 0 0

350 c 500 d

0 1.2 1.2

121e > 5 2 - > 102 > 2 8 -> 8 6 2.3 4.3 >13

0.1 0.1 0.095 -0 .1 7 0.155

3 .5 - 3 .7

1.35 6.5 8.6 11.1

2 ,

>28 2.64 73c 2 3 0 -3 0 0 d

4.24 5.3 6.3 - 1 4.45

- 6 .7 5 3.45 3.68 3.90 4.2

Ht

0.12 0.18 0.55 3.7 2.8 1 .2 e 0.263 0.257 0.39 0.50 >25 >25 14 - 21 18 - 28

4.2 2.93 2.76 2.94 3.12

0.12 0.25 0.35 2.65

4.2 4.2 0 3.3 3.25 3.21 3.16 0.76 1.3 1.25 4.2

5.5

2 2 -3 3 3 7 -4 3

1

1-3

116

H andbook o f Materials Science

Table 2 - 8 (continued) HIGH CRITICAL MAGNETIC-FIELD SUPERCONDUCTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ALLOYS With Critical Temperatures, Hc l , Hc2 , H^3 , and the Temperature o f Field Observations, T obs (continued) Substance M ° 0.6± 0. 03^ M

o ^ o-

c

0.395

Te, K

tfei> kg

14 - 20 19 - 26 ~75e 9 8 .7 e 3 6 -3 8 ~15 >25

10.6

3T c ^ o-5

M o 0. 16T i0.84

4.18

0.028

M o 0 913T i0 087 M o 0 l _ 0.3U 0-9_ 0.7 M o 0 17Z r 0 83

2.95 1.85 - 2.06

0.060

N(12.8 w/®)Nb N N b (w ires)

15.2 16.1

N N b xO t _ x N N b xZ r t _ x N o.93N b0>85Z r 0 15

13.5 - 17.0 9 .8 - 1 3.8 13.8 0.19 0.28 9.15

Nb N b (unstrained) N b (strained) N b (cold - d ra w n wire) N b (film ) N bSc N b 3Sn

0.4 - 1 .1 1.1 - 1.8 1.25 - 1.92 2.48

N b 0,iT a 0.9 N b 0.2T a 0>8

0.084

0.170

N b 0 6 5 _ 0i73Ta0.02 - o . 1*0^0.25 N b xT i t _ x 1.98

N b 0 222U 0.778 N b xZ r j _ x O sSrTi 0 3SrTi P b S b j w/0 (q u en ch ed ) P b S b t w/0 (annealed) P b S b 2 8 w/0 (q u en ch ed ) P b S b 2 8 w/# (annealed) P b 0 87|Sn0 |29 P b 0i965Sn0>035

0.43 0.33

P bt - 0 .26 T lo - 0 .7 9 P bT lo.,7 ^ 0 .2 6 ^ 0 .7 4

7.2 0 - 3.68 6.73

S b0.93Sn0.07 S iV 3 SnxT e t _ x

H t3, k g

2 0 -3 7 2 6 -3 7

T * .,

* a

4.2 1.3 0 0 3.0 4.2

-3 0

N a 0 086P b 0.9 |4 N a 0-016P b 0.984 Nb

H e2, kg

.0049e ,00195e

0.45 0.53

17.0

0.55 0 .0 0 0 4 3 0.00236 0.425 0.325 0.275 0.090

T a (9 9.9 5% )

T a 0.5N b 0.s

> 9 .5 153e 132 95 53 -3 8 4 - > 130 >130 6.0 2.05 2.020 1.710 3 - 5 .5 3.40 3.44 4.10 >25 >30 221 70 54 34 17 0.154

13.2 0 4.2 8 12 4.2 4.2

6 - 9.1 6 .0 - 8 .7 *10

4.2 14.15 15 16 17 4.195 4.2 4.2 1.2 4.2 1.2 1.2 4.2 0 0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

10 > 7 0 -> 9 0 148 m ax. 120 m ax. 23 127 m ax. 94 m ax. .5 0 4 e .4 2 0 e > 1 .5 > 0 .7 > 2 .3 > 0 .7 1.1 0.56 2 - 6 .9 e 4 .5 e >30 0.12 156c 0 .0 0 5 0.0775 1.850 1.425 1.175 0.375 3.55 > 1 4 -1 3 8 138

T a 0.6 5 - oT io.3 5 - i T a 0 5T i0 5 Te T c xW , _ x Ti

4 .4 - 7 .8 -3 .3 5 .7 5 - 7.88

0.25 e

T io.73V o.23 T io.773V o .223

5.3 4.7

0.029 c 0 .0 2 4 c

199e 172e

T io.6i 5V o.383 Tio.516Vo.484 Tio.41sVo.385

7.07 7.20 7.49

0.050 0.062 0.078

-3 4 -2 8 -2 5

1.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

0 0 3.7

8 -4 4 2.7

0 .0 1 2 0.079 1.3 2.27 2.66 3.72 4.2 1.2 1.2 0 4.2 4.2 0 0 4.2 4.2 4.2

117

Table 2 - 8 (continued) HIGH CRITICAL MAGNETIC-FIELD SUPERCONDUCTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ALLOYS With Critical Temperatures, Hc l , Hc 2 >Hc3 , and the Temperature o f Field Observations, T ^ Substance

r c,

k

T|o.i2^o.ss 7**0.09^0.91 T*0.0«V o.9* T*0.03^0.97 T ixV x - x V

5.31

^ 0 .2 6 ^ 0 .7 *

* 5 .9

W (film )

1.7 - 4.1

Ht

kg

-0 .8 - 0 .7 5 -0 .4 5 -0 .3 0 0.238 0.227 0.185 0.165

(continued)

H e2, k g

H e i,k g

T * ., K *

17.3 14.3 8.2 3.8 108 m ax. -3 .4 -3 .1 5 -2 .2 -1 .2

28.1 16.4 12.7 6.8

4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 1.2 1.79 2 3 4 1.05 1.78 3.04 3.5 1

>34

aTemperature o f critical field measurement. bw /o denotes weight percent. c Parabolic extrapolation. d Linear extrapolation. e Extrap dated. From Roberts, B. W., in H andbook o f Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast R. C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, E-97.

118

H andbook o f Materials Science

Table 2 - 9 PROPERTIES OF DIELECTRICS under standard conditions. Values will, in general, change considerably with temperature.

In most cases properties were determined by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) test methods at room temperature

Plastics M a terial

A lly l resin, cast A nilin e form a d eh yd e resin, n o filler C asein C ellu lose acetate, m old in g C ellu lose acetate, sheet C ellu lose acetate butyrate C ellu lose nitrate (p rox ylin ) C o ld - m o ld e d c o m p o u n d , inorganic, refractory C o ld - m o ld e d co m p o u n d , o rgan ic, n o n refractory E thyl cellu lose E p o x y cast resin G ly ce ro l phthalate, cast, alkyd M elam in e form ald eh yd e resins, m old in g A lp h a cellu lose filler A sb estos filler C ellu lose filler F lo ck filler M acerated fa bric filler M ethyl m ethacrylate, cast M ethyl m ethacrylate, m old in g M ica , glass - bon d ed , com p ression M ica , gla ss - b on d ed , injection N y lo n (F .M . 3001) P hen ol form ald eh yd e resins, m old in g A sb estos filler G lass fiber M ica filler N o filler Sisal felt W o o d flou r filler P hen ol form ald eh yd e resins, cast M ineral filler N o filler P olya crylic ester (filled and vulcanized) Polyester, cast resin, rigid Polyester, cast resin, flexible P olyester m old in g m aterials (glass fiber filler) Polyethylene P oly m on oc h lorod iflu oroeth y le n e P olystyrene m old in g Polytetraflu oroethylen e R u b b er, hard R u b ber, ch lorin ated R u b ber, m od ified , isom erized Shellac Silicon e m old in g co m p o u n d (glass - fiber filled) Styrene, m od ified , m old in g (shock - resistant type) U rea form ald eh yd e resin, alpha cellulose filler V in yl butyral, flexible, unfilled V in yl butyral, rigid V inyl ch lorid e, rigid V in yl ch lorid e, flexible, filled V in yl ch lorid e, flexible, unfilled

D ielectric con stant, 106 cy cles

D ielectric strength , volts/m il

3 .6 - 4 .5 3 .5 - 3 .6 6 .1 - 6 .8 3 .2 - 7 .0 4 .0 - 5 .5 3 .2 - 6 .2 6.4

380 6 0 0 -6 5 0 4 0 0 -7 0 0 250 - 3 6 5 2 5 0 -3 0 0 2 50 - 4 0 0 3 0 0 -6 0 0

Volum e resistivity, ohm s -cm , 2 3 °C

> 4 x 1014 10l6 - 1 0 17

L oss fa c to r a

0 .0 2 8 - 0 .0 6 0 .0 06 - 0.008 0.052 0 .0 1 - 1 .0 0 .0 4 - 0 .0 6 0 .0 1 - 0 .0 4

10lo - 1 0 13 10u - 1 0 13 10lo - 1 0 12 (1 0 - 1 5 ) x 1010

0 .0 6 - 0 .0 9

45 6.0 2 .8 - 3 .9 3.62 3 .7 - 4 .0

8 5 -1 1 5 3 50 - 5 0 0 400 3 0 0 -3 5 0

1.3 x l O 12 1012- 1 0 14 10i6 - 1 0 17 > 1014

0.07 0 .0 1 - 0 .0 6 0.019 0.0 2 5 - 0 .0 3 5

7 .2 - 8 .2 6 .1 - 6 .7 4 .7 - 7 .0

3 0 0 -4 0 0 350 - 4 0 0 3 50 - 4 0 0 3 00 - 3 3 0 2 5 0 -3 5 0 4 5 0 -5 0 0

1012 x 1 0 14 2.4 x 1011

0.02 7 - 0 .0 4 5 0 .0 4 1 - 0 .0 5 0 0 .0 3 2 - 0 .0 6 0

io9- io10

0.036 0 .0 2 - 0 .0 3 0 .0 2 - 0 .0 3 0 .0 0 15 - 0.002 0 .0 0 15 - 0.012 0.03

6 .5 - 6 .9 2 .7 - 3 .2 2 .7 - 3 .2 7 .4 - 7 .8 5 6 .9 - 9 .2 3.5

470

5 .0 - 7 .0 6.6 4 .2 - 5 .2 4 .5 - 5 .0 3 -5 4 .-7 .

100 - 350 1 40 - 370 3 00 - 4 6 0 3 00 - 4 0 0 2 50 - 4 0 0 2 00 - 4 2 5

10,o - 1 0 12 7 x 1012 10l2 - 1 0 14 10u - 1 0 12

9 -1 5 4 .0 - 5 .5

109- 1 0 12 1012- 1 0 13 2 x 1011 at 70 ° C 1014

0 .0 7 - 0 .2 0 .0 4 - 0 .0 5

2.8 - 4.1 4 .1 - 5 .2

100 - 250 3 5 0 -4 0 0 4 0 0 -7 0 0 3 80 - 5 0 0 2 5 0 -5 0 0

4 .0 - 4 .5 2.3 2.5 2 .4 - 2 .6 5 2.0

1 50 - 400 460 400 5 00 - 7 0 0 480

1012- 1 0 14 1 .6 x 1013 1.2 x 1018 1017- 1 0 19 > 1015

470 620 2 00 - 6 0 0

2x 1.5 5x 1.8

0.0 1 5 - 0 .0 2 0 < 0 .0 0 0 5 0.010 0.00 01 - 0 .0 0 04 < 0 .0 0 0 2 0.0005 0.06 0.006 0 .0 008 - 0.002

3.7

185

10u - 1 0 13

0.0017

2 .4 - 3 .8

3 00 - 6 0 0

1012- 1 0 17

0.0 0 04 - 0 .0 2

6 .4 - 6 .9 3.92 3.33 2 .8 - 3 .0 3 .5 - 4 .5 3 .5 - 4 .5

3 0 0 -4 0 0 350 400 7 0 0 - 1 3 00 6 0 0 -8 0 0 8 00 - 1 0 0 0

1012- 1 0 13 5 x l O 10 > 1 0 14 > 1 0 16 5 x 1014 5 x 1012

0.0 2 8 - 0 .0 3 2 0.061 0.0065 0 .0 0 6 - 0 .0 1 4 0 .0 9 - 0 .1 0 0 .0 9 - 0 .1 0

2.8 3 ap p rox. 2 .4 - 2 .7

4 5 0 -5 0 0

> 1 0 15 > 1 0 14 10I4- 1 0 15 1014- 1 0 17 4 x 1014

10u - 1 0 12 109- 1 0 13

1015 x l O 13 1016 x lO 9

0 .1 0 - 0 .5 0 0.02 0 .0 0 5 - 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 5 - 0 .0 3 0 .3 - 0 .5 0 .0 3 - 0 .0 7

0.0 0 6 - 0 .0 2 6 0 .0 2 3 - 0 .0 5 2

119 Table 2 —9 (continued) PROPERTIES OF DIELECTRICS Plastics (continued)

M a terial

V in yl ch lor id e acetate, rigid V in yl ch lor id e acetate, flexible, unfilled V in yl ch lorid e acetate, flexible, filled V in yl form a l m old in g c o m p o u n d V in ylidene ch lorid e

D ie le ctric con stant, 10* cy cle s

D ie le ctric strength , volts/m il

3.0 - 3.1 3 .3 - 4 .3 3 .3 - 4 .3 3.0 3 .0 - 4 .0

425 3 0 0 -4 0 0 2 5 0 -3 5 0 490 350

Volum e resistivity , ohm s -cm ,

L oss fa c t o r a

2rc 1016 10M - 1 0 13 l O ^ - l O 13 1014- 1 0 16

0 .0 1 8 - 0 .0 1 9 0 .0 4 - 0 .1 4 0 .0 4 - 0 .1 4 0.023 0 .0 5 - 0 .0 8

aPower factor X dielectric constant equals loss factor. From Bolz, R. E. and Tuve, G. L., Eds., H andbook o f Tables fo r A pplied Engineering Science , 2nd ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1973, 243.

Ceramics D iele ctric M a terial

con stant, JO6 cy cles

D i­

Volum e

ele ctric

resistivity ,

strength ,

ohm s -cm ,

volts/m il

23 ° C

A lu m in a

4 .S - 8 .4

4 0 -1 6 0

l O ^ - l O 14

C orderite

4 .5 - 5 .4

4 0 -2 5 0

1012- 1 0 14

Forsterite

6.2

240

L oss fa c to r a

0.0002 - 0.01 0 .004 - 0.012 0.0004

1014

P orcelain (d ry p rocess)

6 .0 - 8 .0

4 0 -2 4 0

10I2- 1 0 14

0.0 0 3 - 0 .0 2

P orcelain (w et process)

6 .0 - 7 .0

9 0 -4 0 0

1012- 1 0 14

0.006 - 0.01

P orcelain, zirco n

7 .1 - 1 0 .5

2 50 - 4 0 0

10l M 0 15

0 .0002 - 0.008

Steatite

5 .5 - 7 .5

2 00 - 4 0 0

1013- 1 0 15

0.0002 - 0.0p4

Titanates (B a, Sr, C a, M g , and P b) Titanium d io x id e

15 - 12,000 14 - 110

5 0 -3 0 0

1 0* - 1 0 15

0.0 0 01 - 0 .0 2

100 - 210

10,2 - 1 0 18

0.0002 - 0.005

aPower factor X dielectric constant equals loss factor.

Glasses

T ype

D iele ctric

Volum e

con stant ,

resistivity ,

100 m e ,

m egohm -cm ,

2 0 °C

350 ° C

10

L oss fa c to r a

0.015

C o rn in g 0010

6.32

C o rn in g 0080

6.75

C o rn in g 0120

6.65

100

0.012

Pyrex 1710

6.00

2,500

0.025

80

0.013

Pyrex 3320

4.71

Pyrex 7040

4.65

0.13

0.058

0.019

Pyrex 7050

4.77

16

0.017

Pyrex 7052

5.07

25

0.019

Pyrex 7060

4.70

13

0.018

Pyrex 7070

4.00

1,300

V y c o r 7230

3.83

P yrex 7720

4.50

16

Pyrex 7740

5.00

4

0.040

Pyrex 7750

4.28

50

0.011

Pyrex 7760

4.50

50

0.0081

V y c o r 7900

3.9

130

0.0023

0.0048 0.0061 0.014

V y c o r 7910

3.8

1,600

0.00091

V y c o r 7911

3.8

4,000

0.00072

C o rn in g 8870

9.5

5,000

0.0085

3.81

4,00 0 - 3 0 ,0 0 0

0.00038

G . E. C lear (silica glass) Q u artz (fused)

3.7 5 - 4.1

0.0002 (1 m e)

(1 m e)

aPower factor X dielectric constant equals loss factor. From Weast, R. C., Ed., H andbook o f Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, E-60.

120

H andbook o f Materials Science

Table 2 - 1 0 DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS FOR VARIOUS SOLIDS Effect o f High Frequencies at R oom Temperature F requency , cps

Frequency , cps

M a terial

M aterial 10 3

10*

JO9

10 3

10 6

10 9

A lk y d isocyanate foam

1.223

1.218

1.20

N y lo n 66

3.75

3.33

A lu m in u m oxid e

8.83

8.80

8.80

N y lo n 610

3.50

3.14

3.0

A sbestos fiber

4.80

3.1

—

Plexiglas

3.12

2.76

—

A sphalt

2.66

2.58

2.55 ( l x l O 10)

P o lycarbo n ate

3.17

3.02

2.96

Balata

2.50

2.50

2.42

P olyether, ch lorin ated

3.1

3.0

2.9

Beesw ax, yellow

2.66

2.53

2.45

P olyethylene

2.37

2.35

2.33

Buna S

2.66

2.56

2.52

P olyisobu tylen e

2.23

a

a

Butyl ru bber co m p o u n d

2.42

2.40

2.39

P o lyp rop y len e

2.25

a

a 8.0

a 6.6

C alciu m titanate

167.7

8.4

8.4

6.6

a 5.2

P olyvinyliden fluoride

C ellu lose nitrate

P orcelain (d ry p rocess)

5.36

D ich loronaphthalene

3.04

2.98

2.93

R utile

G u tta percha H evea c o m p o u n d

2.60 36.

100.0

3.16

5.08

5.04

a

a a

2.53

2.47

Selenium , a m orp h ou s

6.00

a

9.0

6.8

Shellac, natural

3.81

3.47

3.10

232.0

232.0

Lucite

2.84

2.63

2.58

Strontium titanate

M agnesium oxid e

9.65

a 5.96

2.1

a

a

5.98

a 5.97

T eflo n FE P

M agnesium silicate

T eflo n P T F E

2.0 6.7

a 6.0

a 5.2

13.9

233.0

6.8

a 5.7

a 4.3

U rea - form aldeh yde

M ethyl cellulose

V inylite Q Y N A

3.10

2.88

2.85

M ica , ruby

5.4

a

a

V inylite V Y H H

3.12

2.91

2.83

N eop ren e

6.60

6.26

4.5

V inylite 5544

7.20

4.13

3.05

M agnesium titanate

aNo appreciable variation with frequency in the range 103 - 1 0 9 cps. From B olz, R . E. and Tuve, G. L., Eds., H andbook o f Tables fo r A pplied Engineering Science , 2nd ed., C R C Press, Cleveland, 19 7 3, 244.

121

Table 2 - 1 1 RESISTOR COLOR CODE AND STANDARD VALUES

Color

Value

Color

M ultiplier

Color

Tolerance, percent

Black Brown Red Orange Yellow

0 1 2 3 4

Black Brown Red Orange Yellow

1 10 100 1,000 10,000

N o color Black Silver G old White

±20 + 20 + 10 ± 5 ±10a

Green Blue Violet Gray White

5 6 7 8 9

Green Blue Violet Silver

Green

±

100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 0.01

G old

0.1

Gray White

0.01a 0.1a

5a

aOptional.

Standard Resistor Values, Significant Figures ±20%: 10, 15, 22, 3 3 ,4 7 ,6 8 (Series 6 ).b ±10%: 10, 12, 15, 18, 22, 27, 33, 3 9 ,4 7 , 56, 68, 82 (Series 12).b ±5%: 10, 11, 12, 1 3 ,1 5 , 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 3 9 ,4 3 ,4 7 , 51, 56, 6 2 ,6 8 , 75, 82, 91 (Series 24) b

b For series specifications see Bolz, R. E. and Tuve, G. L., Eds., H andbook o f Tables fo r A pplied Engineering Science, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1973, 246. From Bolz, R. E. and Tuve, G. L., Eds., H andbook o f Tables fo r A pplied Engineering Science, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1973, 247.

122

H andbook o f Materials Science

Table 2 —12 CAPACITOR COLOR CODE

Color

Temp, coeff., ppm /°C

Color

Value

Color

Black Brown Red Orange Yellow

0 -3 0 -8 0 -1 5 0 -2 2 0

Black Brown Red Orange Yellow

0 1 2 3 4

Black Brown Red Orange Gray

Green Blue Violet Gray White

-3 3 0 -4 7 0 -7 5 0 + 30 + 500

Green Blue Violet Gray White

5 6 7 8 9

White

Multiplier 1 10 100 1,000 0.01 0.1

Color

M ore than 1 0 p F (in y j

Black Brown Red Green Gray

+ 20 + 1 +2 ±5

White

±10

Less than 10 p F 2.0 0.1 0.5 0.25 1.0

From B olz, R . E. and Tuve, G. L., Eds., H andbook o f Tables fo r A pplied Engineering Science , 2nd ed ., C R C Press, Cleveland, 1973, 247.

123

Table 2 - 1 3 THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENTS FOR MATERIALS USED IN INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Coefficient o f Linear Thermal Expansion o f Selected Materials per K Temperature, K M aterial

M aterial

Aluminum Beryllium oxide Copper Germanium G old Indium Lead Molybdenum Nickel Platinum Silicon Silver Tantalum Tin Tungsten Vitreous silica

300

400

500

23.2 4.7 16.8 5.7 14.1 31.9 28.9 5.0 12.7 8.9 2.5 19.2 6.5 21.2 4.5 .42

24.9

26.4 6.0 18.3 6.5 15.

—

17.7 6.2 14.5 38.5 29.8 5.2 13.8 9.2

—

3.1 20.0 6.6 24.2 4.6 .56

32.1 5.3 15.2 9.5 3.5 20.6 6.8 27.5 4.6 .56

800

600

700

28.3

3.8 21.4 6.9

30.7 7.0 19.4 6.9 15.9 — — 5.5 16.4 10.0 4.1 22.3 7.0

5.7 16.8 10.2 4.3 23.4 7.1

—

—

—

—

18.9 6.7 15.4 — —

5.4 17.2 9.7

4.7 .55

33.8 —

20.0 7.2 16.5 — —

4.7 .54

4.8 .54

Aluminum oxide ceramic Brass Kanthal A Kovar Pyrex glass Pyroceram (#9608) Pyroceram cement Vitreous (#45) Devitrified Pyroceram cement (#89, #95) Silicon carbide Silicon nitride a

Coef­ ficient range 6.0 - 7.0 17.7-21.2 13.9-15.1 5.0 3.2 4 - 20 4 2.4

Tempera­ ture range, °C 25 -300 25 -300 20 -900 25 -300 25 -300 25 -300 0 -300 25 -300

8 - 10 4.8

0 -1,000

2.9 2.25 Solder glass (Kimble CV -101) 809

25 -1,000 25 -1,000 0 -300

p

—

N ote: Multiply all values b y 10 " 6 . From Beadles, R. L., Interconnections and Encapsulation, Integrated Silicon D evice Technology , Vol. 14, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, N. C., 1967. With permission.

Table 2 - 1 4 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT D For Self- diffusion and Diffusion o f Foreign Atom s D = D ae A E / kT Semiconductor and diffusing element

cm 2js

A£ , eV

Temperature, d eg C

Aluminum antimonide (AlSb) A1 Cu Sb Zn

0.33 ±0.15

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) Se

2.6 x 10 ~ 3

1.55

700 -1800

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) Ag Cd Cu

2.5 x 10+1 3.4 1.5 x l O - 3

1.2 2.0 0.76

250 -500 750 -1000 450 -750

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) Au In

6.7 x 10+ 1 4.1 x l O ' 1

2.0 1.6

600 -1000 450 -1000

Calcium ferrate (III) (CaFe20 4) Ca Fe

3.5 x 1 0 ' 3

30 0.4

* 1 .8 0.36 * 1 .5 1.93 ± 0 .0 4

3.7 3.1

150 -500 660 -860

124

H andbook o f Materials Science

Table 2 —14 (continued) DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT D For Self- diffusion and Diffusion o f Foreign Atoms (continued) Semiconductor and diffusing element a-Calcium metasilicate (CaSiO 3) Ca Gallium antimonide (GaSb) Ga In Sb Sn Te Gallium arsenide (GaAs) Ag

As Au Cd Cu Ga Li Mg

Mn S

Se Sn Zn

Gallium phosphide (GaP) Zn Germanium (Ge) Ag As Au B Cu Fe Ga Ge He In Li Ni P Pb Sb Sn Zn Indium antimonide (InSb) Ag Au

D„ cm 2/s

AE, eV

7 .4 x1 0 *

4.8

3.2 x lO 3 1.2 x 1 0 ' 7 3 .4x10* 8.7 x 10+2 2.4 x 10 " 5 3 .8 x 1 0 - *

3.15 0.53 3.44 1.13 0.80 1.2

2.5 x lO - 3 3.9 x 1 0 " 11 4 x 1 0 -* 4 x 1021 1 (T 3 0.05 ± 0 .04 a5.0 x 10~2 0.03 lx lO 7 0.53 1.4 x 10~* 2.3 x lO ’ 2 a2.6 x 10- 2 a6.5 x 10 "* 8.5 x lO - 3 1 .2 x 1 0 - * a1.6x 10~ 5 2.6 x l O ' 5 4 x 103 3 x 103 a3.8 x 1 0 " 2 6 x 1 0 -* a 2.5 x 1 0 " 1 3 .0 x 1 0 " 7 6.0 x lO - 7 15 + 7

1.5 0.33 0.8+0.05 10.2+1.2 1.0±0.2 2.43 + 0.06 2.8a 0.52 5.60+0.32 1.0 1.89 2.6 2.7a 2.49a 1.7 1.8 1.63a 1.86 4.04 ±0.15 4.16 + 0.16 2.7 2.5 3.0a 1.0 0.6 2.49 ±0.05

Temperature, deg C

650 -700 400 -650 650 -700 470 -570 320 -570 400 -650

500 -1160 1200-1250 740 -1024 868 -1149 100-600 1125-1250 250 -400 740 -1024

740 -1024

1000-1200 1000-1200 1069-1215

800

1.0

2.1

700 -1300

4 .4 x 1 0 ' 2 6.3 2.2 x l O - 2 1.6x 1 0 - 9 1 .9 x 1 0 " * 1 .3 x 1 0 - * 4.0 x 10+l 8.7 x 10+ * 6.1 x 10 - 3 3 x lO ” 2 1 .3 x 1 0 - * 8 x lO - * 2.5 _

1.0 2.4 2.5 4.6 0.18 1.1 3.1 3.2 0.69 2.4 0.47 0.9 2.5 3.6 2.4 1.9 2.5

700 -900 600 -850 600 -850 600 -850 750 -850 600 -850 750 -920 750 -850 600 -850 200 -600 700 -875 600 -850 600 -850 600 -850 600 -850 600 -850

0.25 0.32a

140 -510

4.0 1.7 x 10 ~ 2 1.0 x 10+ * 1.0 x 10- 7 a7 x 10 " *

125

Table 2 —14 (continued) DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT D For Self-diffusion and Diffusion o f Foreign Atoms (continued) Semiconductor and diffusing element Cd

Co Cu Fe Hg In Ni Sb Sn Te Zn

(Polycrystal) (High concentration) (Cone. = 2.2 x 102ocm ~ 3) (Single crystal) Indium arsenide (InAs) Cd Cu Ge Mg S Se Sn Te Zn

A. cm 1fs

A£, eV

n r5 1.23 x n r 9

\.\* 0.52 1.75 1.2 0.39 0.25 0.37 1.08a 0.25 1.17a 1.81 0.28 0.25 1.94 0.75 0.75 0.57 1.35 2.3+0.3 1.6 0.85 2.61 2.61 0.7a 0 0.86

ai.0 x

1.26 1 .3 x 1 0 - * 2 . 7 x 1 0 - 11 10“ 7 3 .0 x lO " 5 a9 .0 x l( T * 1 0 "7 a4 . 0 x l 0 - ‘ 0.05 1 .8 x 1 0 - * 1 0 "7 0.05 1.4 x 10~* 5 .5 x 1 0 - * 1.7 x 10 “ 7 0.5 1.6 x 10 "* 5.5 1.7x 10~7 a5.3 x 107 6.3 x 10* a8.7 x 1 0 " 10 9 . 0 x 1 0 ­ 10 1.4x I0 ~ 7 4 .3 5 x 1 0 - *

Temperature, deg C 250 -500 442 -519 360 -500 440 -510

440 -510 450 -500 440 -510 450 -500 390 -512 300 -500 360 -500 360 -500 360 -500 390 -512

390 -512

3 .7 4 x 1 0 - * 1 .9 8 x 1 0 - * 6.78 12.55 1 .4 9 x 1 0 - * 3 .4 3 x 1 0 -’ 3.11 x l O - 3

1.17 0.523 1.17 1.17 2.20 2.20 1.17 1.28 1.17

600 -900 600 -900 600 -900 600 -900 600 -900 600 -900 600 -900

Indium phosphide (InP) In P

1 x lO ’ 7 x lO10

3.85+0.0 5.65 ± 0 .0

850 ­1000 850 -1000

Iron oxide (Fe30 4) Fe

5.2

2.4

Lead metasilicate (P bSi03) Pb

85

600 -900

2.6

Lead orthosilicate (PbSi04) Pb

8.2

2.0

Mercury selenide (HgSe) Sb

6 .3 x 1 0 - ’

0.85

Nickel aluminate (NiAl20 4) Cr Fe

1 .1 7 x 1 0 -’ 1.33

2.2 3.5

Nickel chromate (III) (NiCr20 4) Cr Cr Fe Ni

0.74 2 .0 3 x 1 0 - ’ ­ 1 .3 5 x 1 0 -’ ­ 0.85

3.1 1.9 2.6 3.2

Selenium (Se) (amorphous) Fe Ge In Sb

1 .1 x 1 0 - ’ 9.4 x 10~* 5 .2 x 1 0 - * 2 .8 x 1 0 -*

0.38 0.39 0.32 0.29

540 -630

300­400 300-400 300-400 300-400

126

H andbook o f Materials Science

Table 2 —14 (continued) DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT D For Self- diffusion and Diffusion o f Foreign Atoms (continued) Semiconductor and diffusing element

A£, eV

D0, cm 2/s

Temperature, deg C

Se Sn Te T1 Zn

7.6 x 1 0 - 10 4 .8 x 1 0 - * 5 .4 x 1 0 - * 1 .4 x 1 0 - * 3.8 x l O - 7

0.14 0.39 0.53 0.35 0.29

300 -400 300 -400 300 -400 300 -400 300 -400

Silicon (Si) A1 Ag As Au B Bi Cu Fe Ga h2 He In Li P Sb T1

8.0 2 x 1 0 -* 3.2 x 1 0 - 1 1.1 x l O " 3 l.Ox 10+1 1.04 x lO *3 4 x 10 ~ 2 6 .2 x 1 0 ' 3 3.6 9.4 x lO - 3 1.1 x 10_1 1.65 x 10+I 9.4 x lO ’ 3 l.O x 10+1 5.6 1.65 x 10+ 1

3.5 1.6 3.5 1.1 3.7 4.6 1.0 0.86 3.5 0.47 0.86 3.9 0.78 3.7 3.9 3.9

1100-1400 1100-1350 1100-1350 800 -1200 950 -1200 1100-1350 800 -1100 1000-1200 1150-1350 1000-1200 1000-1200 1100-1350 100-800 1100-1350 1100-1350 1100-1350

Silicon carbide (SiC) A1 B Cr

2.0 x 1 0 - 1 1.6 x 10+2 2.3 x 10_1

4.9 5.6 4.8

1800-2250 1850-2250 1700-1900

Sulfur (S) S

2.8 x lO 13

2.0

Tin zinc oxide (SnZn20 4) Sn Zn Zinc aluminate (Zn A l20 4) Zn Zinc chromate (III) (ZnCr20 4) Cr Zn

2 x 10s 37

4.7 3.3

2.5 x 102

3.4

8.5 60

3.5 3.7

Zinc ferrate (III) (ZnFe20 4) Fe Zn

8.5 x 102 8.8 x 102

3.5 3.7

Zinc selenide (ZnSe) Cu

1.7 x 1 0 - 5

0.56

l.Ox 10+1* 1.5 x 10+4 3 .0 x 1 0 - *

6.50 3.25 1.52

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) Zn

> 100

200 -570

|

> 1030 940 -1030

G ood

1 1 1 I

1 1 l

1 1

CO

6 .0 6

1 .8 -2 .3

o *»■ m

1

l

CM U.

o

S u b l.

I'M.

CM

6

o

«

1

l

CM

o eh i

I i 5

i

w

i 5

1

1

6

o

H TO O

o

«>

i s

" S N.JD in 3 LOW

o

Ta

2 .4

2 .4 9

F o r m s v o l a t i l e o x i d e s w it h W a n d M o . n = 1 .8 4

R a te c o n t r o l im p o r t a n t . U s e g e n t l e p r e h e a t t o o u t g a s . n = 1 .2 3

C o r r o d e s in a ir .

S to ic h io m e tr y d e p e n d s o n s u b s tr a te te m p era tu re n ^ 2,6

___ v a r i a h lP n = 7 A.______ ________________________________

D i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e s e x c e p t in s p u t t e r i n g .

O u. O K

i

in

o

4)

Materials marked RF or RFreactive may be sputtered with Sloan RF Sputtergun.

1

i

G ood

1

ex

5

1380

o

ex

Ll

1150

i

X ln t .

2

\

Ll

| 2137

Mo

n =

D e c o m p o s e s , n = 2 .1 4

l

1

ex

970

1 Q u a rtz

RF R F -R e a c tiv e W Mo

1

____ l a ____

1 .5 6

D is p r o p o r tio n a te s .

n =

S t ic k in g c o - e f f ic ie n t s t r o n g ly a f f e c t e d b y s u b s tr a te te m p e r a tu r e . S to ic h io m e tr y

1

w

1 .4 6

P o is o n s v a c u u m s y s t e m s , lo w s t ic k i n g c o e ffic ie n t .

n =

S p u tte rin g p re fe r re d ; D e c o m p o s e s .

REMARKS n = Index of refraction

E v a p o r a te s e a s ily , n =

5

u.

ex

EB p r e fe r r e d . A r c e v a p o r a t io n . P o o r film a d h e sio n .

II

8 .2 3

P oor

CO 1690

5 1

1 1600

£

1

1490

7

4 .1 0

7

1975

r-­ 3 O O

1100

l o o

2 .1 8

l 9 N

G ood

« y

2 .9 0

o *

3 .3 5

Mo ____T a _______

R F -R e a c tiv e

l

u.

c

C e r iu m

§

1

IL

CM

C arbon

• $

c

C a lc iu m T u n g sta te

[

r-

1 i

ex

C a lc iu m T it a n a t e

cm

1 1 i N

li

C aS

CM

1 N

5

LO

C a lc iu m S u lp h id e

l

1 o in in 5

C a lc iu m S ilic a te

00 1

0 S

u.

1 1

1

1 0 0 1

Q(£

0

4 .6 4

1

1 1 j —

CL

atr

963

l

1 s£

cl

Ou.

N ick e l C h lo r id e

O "Z

CO

ZYL

in in CO

1 li.

M o ly b d e n u m T r io x id e

7 1 1® P

1

1

M o ly b d e n u m S ilic id e

CM

1185

00 1

1

M o ly b d e n u m D is u lp h id e

s g

1

i

9 .1 8

% £

7

UlL Do:

2687

% S

f u. CL

l

M o ly b d e n u m C a r b id e

l

1

1822

Si

2

1

1592

*

1

S u b li

SPUTTER*

1

M o ly b d e n u m B o r id e

TEMPERATURE

3 3

+ 3 2 . 2

( 7 > 3 i ( I > 2 2

( 7

>

1 3

= = = « =

(T )r e

(7 > c A

l l ( 7 >

y

( 5

) r 1 3

( S ) r 33 ( S ) r l3

( 8 9 0 )

B a 2N a N b 5 0 15, m m 2 ( 8 3 3 )

A

y

l l ( 7 >

( T ) r 22

1 7

( 7 ( 7

16 >

= = = = =

ni — n2 =

7

3 2 6 .8

, 6 3 3 [ 2 5 , » ]

= =

6 .7

- 6 3 3 [ 2 8 ]

5 .7 3 .1

1 .1 5 [ 2 8 ] 3 .3 9 [ 2 8 ]

2 .1 5 6

7

1 .0 0

. 6 3 3 [ 2 6 ]

2 .1 2 5

0

2 .0 0

= = = =

3 .4

. 6 3 3 [ 2 9 ]

3 .2

> >

2 2 2 2

0

( S ) r 22 (S )r sl ( S ) r 22 ( S ) r 51

+ 3 0 . 8 + 8 .6 2 8 6 .5

. 6 3 3 [ 2 4 ]

>

) r 5 1

( S ) r 22 (S )r si ( 5

3 .1

) r 2 2

* = *

2 0

. 6 3 3 [ 3 4 ]

>

1 5

1 .0 0

4

2 .0 0

( 7

>

5 i

= «

( 5

) r 4 2 ( S

) r 5 1

]

35, a ]

(T )e x (T )e 3 ( 5

) e 1

(S )e 3

= = =

e 2

=

7 8 [ 3 1 ,0

=

4 3 [ 4 2 ]

3 2 e 2 2 8

4 .0 0

5

.4 5 4

.7 0

3

4 .0 0

2 .0 5 5

nx

=

2 .1 3 0

n2

=

*3 =

. 6 3 3 [ 3 9 ]

7

=

7 5

=

8 8

. 6 3 3 [ 3 8 ]

[ 3

M

]

2 .0 3 3

5

4 .0 0

8

.6 0 1

( 5 ) £ 3

(r)e 2 - 6l - 51 [37] (T )e 3 = 4 5 (S )e 2 = ex = 4 1 - 4 3

1 .2 0

4 .0 0

n 2 n 3

90

. 6 0

2 .1 8 7 2 .1 3 4

2 .0 3 7

4

1 .2 0

.3

9 2

2 .1 8 3

5

3 .3 9 [ 3 0 ]

1 3

7

0

2 .1 9 7

2 .1 8 7

nx

4 2

'3 3 , a

2 .2 3 7

n3 = 2 . 2 7 7 2

1

. 6 3 3 [ 4 0 ] ( 7

.7 0

3 .3 9 [ 3 0 ]

■ 6 3 3 [2 7 ]

1 5

+ 2 9

6

2 3

0

8

0

2 .2 7 1

e,

3 2,X]

.4 5

2 .3 7 8

pm

+ 2 8

. 6 3 3 [ 3 4 ] ( S

4 .5

(T )r c — 3 4 ( T ) r 33 = 4 8 ( T ) r l3 ( T ) r 23 ( S ) r 33 ( S ) r 23 0S ) r l3

• 6 3 3 [2 3 ]

A ,

= = = =

=22

«

»i

2 .1 1 5

1 8

(T )r e ( S ) r 33 = 3 0 . 3 ( S ) r i3 = 7 ( S ) r 33 = 2 7 ( S ) r l3

pm

A ,

+ 1 0

= = =

( S ) r 33

m /V

r t t , 7 0 - 1 2

( T )r e (T )r e

(T )r c

L i T a 0 3, 3m

m /V

r J 3 , 7 0 “ 1 2

D ie le ctric constant

R e fra ctiv e in dex

= = -

. 6 3 3 [ 3 9 , A ]

2 .3 2 2

( D

e 2

( S

) £ !

0

%

= = -

( S

) e 3

=

( 7

2 .3 2 1 2 .2 1 8

( 7

>

X

3

2 3 5 [ 4 1 ] 2 4 7 5 1 2 2 2 2 2 7 3 2

171

Table 2—30 (continued) PROPERTIES OF LINEAR ELECTROOPTICAL MATERIALS B. KDP- and ADP-type Crystals

T -* « * M aterial

k

2

h

( K

k

2 ( D

4

d

( D

2 2 2

4 D

2

D

p

2

d

D

4

o

4

o

P

] ; [ 3

D ielectric constant

) 8

.8

( S

) 8 .1 5 [ 1 2 ] ; r 4 3
< J

Oo*Za,t^uJOHQXwH>**J

140.13 140.92 144.27 (147) 150.35 152.0 157.26 158.93 162.51 164.94 167.27 168.94 173.04 174.99

j

,

7.536 5.259 7.895 8.272 8.536 8.803 9.051 9.332 6.977 9.842

2.992 4.478 6.174 6.186 6.771 6.782 7.004

h .c.p .

f.c.c.

h .c.p .

h .c.p .

h .c.p .

h .c.p .

h .c.p .

h .c.p.

b .c.c.

rh o m b .

hex.

hex.

f.c.c.

f.c .c.

h .c.p .

h .c.p .

h .c.p .

tem p

ro o m

at

fo r m sition

798

1264 1317

917

725 798 862

868

1335 1459 310

°c

p o in t ,

:

795 935 1024 1035 1072 826 1312 1356 1407 1461 1497 1545 824 1652

1539 1509 920

22

20

20

289 218 90

Of. K

p o in t ,

230 179 133 80 (53) 53

14.8 (90)

7.5

12.5

**l