Commercial law [Fourth edition.] 9780409343045, 0409343048
675 70 5MB
English Pages [930] Year 2016
Full Title
Copyright
Preface
Table of Cases
Table of Statutes
Table of Contens
PART I THE FUNDAMENTALS OF PERSONAL PROPERTY LAW
Chapter 1 THE OBJECTS AND NATURE OF PERSONAL PROPERTY
PERSONAL PROPERTY
Real property and personal property
Chattels real and chattels personal
Choses in possession
Choses in action
INTERESTS IN PROPERTY
INTERESTS CREATED BY WAY OF SECURITY
Creation of security interests
Common forms of security interest created by agreement
Security interest created by transfer of title: mortgage
Security interest created by possession
Security interest created by operation of law
THE TRANSFER OF PERSONAL PROPERTY
Sale
Gift
Assignment
Assignment of after-acquired property
Chapter 2 OWNERSHIP AND POSSESSION
WHAT IS A PROPERTY OR PROPRIETARY RIGHT?
POSSESSION
The nature and relevance of possession
THE SIX FORMS OF POSSESSION
Custody
Actual or de facto possession
Legal possession or possession in law
Lawful possession
Constructive possession
The right to possession
POSSESSORY TITLE
INTERFERENCE WITH POSSESSION
Trespass
Detinue
Conversion
OWNERSHIP
Chapter 3 FINDING
DEFINING A ‘FINDING’ DISPUTE
ABANDONMENT
What is abandonment?
The elements of abandonment
How does the occupier of an abandoned chattel become the owner?
FINDING: ACQUIRING A PRIORITY OF ENTITLEMENT
Further consideration of the Parker principles
Treasure trove
Aboriginal objects
Chapter 4 ACCESSION, SPECIFICATION AND INTERMIXTURE
CHANGING THE NATURE OF A CHATTEL
ACCESSION
The effects of accession
Remedies of the owner of the accessory
SPECIFICATION
INTERMIXTURE
Authorised intermixture
Unauthorised intermixture
ACCESSION, SPECIFICATION AND INTERMIXTURE COMPARED
FIXTURES
PART II COMMERCIAL LAW
Chapter 5 AGENCY
THE CONCEPT OF AGENCY
PRACTICAL METHODOLOGY
CAPACITY REQUIRED OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT
Principal
Agent
THE SOURCES OF AN AGENT’S AUTHORITY
ACTUAL AUTHORITY
Actual express authority
Actual implied authority
OSTENSIBLE AUTHORITY
What is ostensible authority?
The elements of ostensible authority
Ostensible agency and forgery
Consequences of finding of ostensible agency
RATIFICATION
Contract must be expressly entered on behalf of principal
Authority to ratify
The act of ratification
Communication of ratification
Distinguishing ratification by acquiescence and estoppel
Full knowledge of material circumstances by principal
Ratification of the whole
Exceptions to ratification
IMPUTED KNOWLEDGE
CORPORATIONS AND THE DOCTRINE OF ATTRIBUTION
Primary rules of attribution
General rules of attribution
Special rules of attribution
THE DOCTRINE OF UNDISCLOSED PRINCIPAL
How the doctrine applies
Limits on the doctrine
AGENCY BY OPERATION OF LAW
DUTIES OF AGENTS
PRINCIPALS’ DUTIES AND AGENTS’ RIGHTS
Remuneration
Lien
Indemnity
WHERE THERE IS NO AUTHORITY: THE AGENT’S LIABILITY TO THE THIRD PARTY
When an agent might be personally liable on the contract Breach of warranty of authority
TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY
TERMINATION BY THE PARTIES
Termination by operation of law
PROVING AGENCY
Chapter 6 SALE OF GOODS
INTRODUCTION TO SALE OF GOODS TRANSACTIONS
APPLICATION OF STATE AND TERRITORY SALE OF GOODS LEGISLATION
Sale of Goods Act
PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTRACT
General rules of delivery
Special rules of delivery relating to carriers
Delivery of the wrong quantity
IMPLIED TERMS: SALE OF GOODS ACT
Implied undertaking as to right to sell, quiet possession and freedom from encumbrance
Correspondence with description
Fitness for purpose
Merchantable quality
Sale by sample
REMEDIES OF THE BUYER
Remedies for breach of a condition implied by the Sale of Goods Act
Acceptance and CIF or FOB contracts
Remedies for breach of a warranty implied by the Sale of Goods Act
Remedy for defective instalment deliveries
Damages for non-delivery or delayed delivery
Remedy for specific performance
REMEDIES OF THE SELLER
Unpaid seller against the buyer
Chapter 7 CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS
INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALIAN CONSUMER LAW
APPLICATION OF THE LEGISLATION
CONSUMER GUARANTEES
Consumer
Guarantee as to title: s 51
Guarantee as to undisturbed possession: s 52
Guarantee as to undisclosed securities: s 53
Guarantee as to acceptable quality: s 54
Guarantee as to fitness for purpose: s 55
Guarantee as to correspondence with description: s 56
Guarantees relating to the supply of goods by sample or demonstration model: s 57
Guarantees as to repairs and spare parts: s 58
Guarantee as to express warranties: s 59
REMEDIES FOR NON-COMPLIANCE WITH STATUTORY CONSUMER GUARANTEES
Action against suppliers
Rejection of goods
Action against manufacturers
PERSONS INJURED BY UNSAFE GOODS: PT 3-5 OF THE ACL (FORMER PT VA OF THE TRADE PRACTICES ACT)
Chapter 8 TRANSFER OF PROPERTY AND TITLE IN GOODS
DISTINGUISHING ‘PROPERTY’ AND ‘TITLE’
THE EFFECT OF THE PPSA
TRANSFER OF PROPERTY
Unascertained goods: no transfer of property
Goods other than unascertained goods
TRANSFER OF PROPERTY PRESUMPTIONS WHERE NO CONTRARY INTENTION APPEARS
Specific goods in a deliverable state
Specific goods not in a deliverable state
Specific goods to be weighed, measured or tested to ascertain price
Goods delivered ‘on approval’ or ‘on sale or return’
Unascertained or future goods
RISK
Obligations as bailee
Goods perish after agreement to sell but before sale
Goods have already perished at time of sale
TRANSFER OF TITLE BY A NON-OWNER
The estoppel exception
Sale under a voidable title
Sale by a mercantile agent
Seller in possession: s 27(1)
Buyer in possession: s 27(2)
Miscellaneous exceptions
Chapter 9 BAILMENT
WHAT IS BAILMENT?
BAILMENT AND THE PPSA
BAILMENT AND DELIVERY
BAILMENT REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE AND CONSENT OF THE BAILEE
BAILMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF OTHER RELATIONSHIPS
Sale
Hire purchase
Mutuum
Deposits of money
SUB-BAILMENT
JOINT BAILMENT
BAILMENT AND CONTRACT
CLASSIFICATION OF BAILMENTS
DUTIES COMMON TO ALL BAILMENTS
Duty of care of a bailee
Duty to deliver goods bailed
Duty not to deviate from the terms of the bailment and not to convert
Obligations on bailor in respect of the quality of goods bailed
GRATUITOUS BAILMENT
Deposit
Mandate
Gratuitous loan for use
BAILMENT FOR REWARD
Legislative provisions
Custody for reward (hire of custody)
Hire of work and labour
Pledge
Hire of chattels for reward
LIABILITY FOR ACTS OF EMPLOYEES
BAILMENT AND OCCUPIERS
ABANDONMENT
TERMINATION OF BAILMENT
ONUS OF PROOF
ENFORCEMENT
ACTIONS DEPEND UPON A SUPERIOR RIGHT OF POSSESSION
EXEMPTION CLAUSES AND SUB-BAILMENTS
DELEGATION OF PERFORMANCE OF BAILMENT BY BAILEE
Chapter 10 PERSONAL PROPERTY SECURITY INTERESTS
INTRODUCTION TO THE PERSONAL PROPERTY SECURITIES ACT
APPLICATION OF THE LEGISLATION
PPSA SECURITY INTERESTS
Deemed security interests
Grantor
Secured party
Collateral
A lease or bailment
Conditional sale agreements (retention of title clauses)
Consignment contracts
THE ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE PPSA SECURITY INTEREST
THE CREATION OF A SECURITY INTEREST: ATTACHMENT
Grantor has rights in the collateral
Value or act by grantor
ENFORCEABILITY AGAINST THIRD PARTIES AND PRIORITY: ATTACHMENT AND PERFECTION
Requirements for enforceability against third parties
The concept of perfection
Perfection by registration
Perfection by possession
Perfection by control
Specific rules that apply to the proceeds from collateral
WHEN A THIRD PARTY CAN TAKE PERSONAL PROPERTY FREE OF AN EXISTING SECURITY INTEREST
Unperfected security interest
Where serial number incorrect on PPSR (s 44 of the PPSA)
Taking motor vehicles free of security interest (s 45 of the PPSA)
Collateral sold in the ordinary course of business (s 46 of the PPSA)
Low-value personal, domestic or household property (s 47 of the PPSA)
DETERMINING PRIORITY WHERE THERE ARE COMPETING SECURITY INTERESTS
General priority rules
Special priority rules
ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITY INTERESTS
Chapter 11 INSURANCE
REGULATION OF THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY
Introduction
Overview of regulatory framework
Role of regulatory authorities
The present prudential regulatory framework
General Insurance Code of Practice
National Privacy Principles
FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT OF INSURANCE
DISCLOSURE
The insured’s duty of disclosure
When is something ‘known’ by the insured?
Matters ‘relevant to the decision of the insurer whether to accept the risk’
Matter includes an opinion
The reasonable insured
What matters do not need to be disclosed?
Disclosure and ‘eligible contracts’ of insurance
The consequences of non-disclosure
MISREPRESENTATION
When is a statement a misrepresentation?
Excluded misrepresentations
The consequences of misrepresentation
DUTY OF GOOD FAITH
Introduction
The insured and the duty of utmost good faith
The insurer and the duty of utmost good faith
CONSTRUING THE POLICY
Introduction
Structure of the insurance contract
Determining the meaning of the policy: principles of construction
Unusual terms: ss 14 and 37 considered
BREACH BY INSURED OF A TERM IN THE POLICY
Introduction
The application of s 54
Insurer’s remedy for a breach of condition
MAKING A CLAIM
Loss covered by the policy
Causation
When and whether a ‘claim’ is in fact made against the insurer
Delay in the notification of a claim
FRAUDULENT CLAIMS
What is a ‘fraudulent claim’?
The effect of a fraudulent claim
What if the value of the claim is exaggerated or an otherwise valid claim is supported by false evidence?
The fraud of a co-insured and its effect on other insureds and third parties
The interaction between ss 13, 54 and 56
No fraud, but has the insured proved the loss falls within the policy?
SUBROGATION
What does subrogation mean?
When can the insurer exercise its right of subrogation?
What rights can the insurer receive through subrogation?
What if the insurer recovers more from the third party than the insurer has paid to the insured?
How is subrogation different from an insurer’s right of contribution?
Subrogation to rights against family
Subrogation to rights against employees
Release and settlement of claims by insured
DOUBLE INSURANCE AND CONTRIBUTION
Introduction
Nature of double insurance and the right of contribution
Obligation of insured to notify of other insurance
Determining the amount of contribution where double insurance exists
Chapter 12 GUARANTEES
WHAT IS A GUARANTEE?
A definition
The purpose and nature of a guarantee
Consideration
THE PRIMARY OBLIGATION OF THE PRINCIPAL DEBTOR
THE COLLATERAL OBLIGATION OF THE GUARANTOR
A secondary obligation
The collateral obligation is co-extensive
Continuing collateral obligations
All moneys clauses
Revocation of the collateral obligation
FORMALITIES
The Statute of Frauds
Consumer Credit Code
Electronic Transactions Act
PERSONAL LIABILITY OF THE GUARANTOR
Personal liability is not necessary element of a guarantee
Personal liability and the Statute of Frauds
THE RULES OF CONSTRUCTION
DISTINGUISHING GUARANTEES FROM SIMILAR COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS
Indemnities
Insurance
DISCHARGING THE LIABILITY OF THE GUARANTOR
Agreement to the contrary
Grounds for discharge of the liability of the guarantor
The Marston contention
VITIATING FACTORS
Unconscionability
Undue influence
Non-disclosure
Setting aside the guarantee on other grounds
Independent advice
STATUTORY REGULATION OF GUARANTEES AND THE CREDITOR’S CONDUCT
RIGHTS OF THE GUARANTOR
Indemnity
Restitution
Subrogation
Contribution
Chapter 13 E-COMMERCE
INTRODUCTION: THE RISE OF E-COMMERCE
THE INTERNET
The origins of the internet
What is the internet?
The internet and the world wide web
Communication on the internet: packet switching
The growth of e-commerce and the information economy
Restraints on the development of e-commerce: access, user confidence and security
Regulation of the internet and legislative intervention
The Australian approach
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND CONTRACT LAW
Shrinkwrap agreements
Clickwrap agreements
Browsewrap agreements
JURISDICTION
A new law for the internet?
Jurisdiction
Choice of law
Forum non conveniens
Enforcement of foreign judgments, internet publication and defamation
Index
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Commercial Law Fourth edition Samantha J Traves LLB (Hons) LLM (QUT) Solicitor, Queensland Academic Member Queensland Law Reform Commission Member Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal
LexisNexis Butterworths Australia 2016
AUSTRALIA
ARGENTINA AUSTRIA BRAZIL CANADA CHILE CHINA CZECH REPUBLIC FRANCE GERMANY HONG KONG HUNGARY INDIA ITALY JAPAN KOREA MALAYSIA NEW ZEALAND POLAND SINGAPORE SOUTH AFRICA SWITZERLAND TAIWAN UNITED KINGDOM USA
LexisNexis LexisNexis Butterworths 475–495 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067 On the internet at: www.lexisnexis.com.au LexisNexis Argentina, BUENOS AIRES LexisNexis Verlag ARD Orac GmbH & Co KG, VIENNA LexisNexis Latin America, SAO PAULO LexisNexis Canada, Markham, ONTARIO LexisNexis Chile, SANTIAGO LexisNexis China, BEIJING, SHANGHAI Nakladatelství Orac sro, PRAGUE LexisNexis SA, PARIS LexisNexis Germany, FRANKFURT LexisNexis Hong Kong, HONG KONG HVG-Orac, BUDAPEST LexisNexis, NEW DELHI Dott A Giuffrè Editore SpA, MILAN LexisNexis Japan KK, TOKYO LexisNexis, SEOUL Malayan Law Journal Sdn Bhd, SELANGOR DURAL EHSAN LexisNexis, WELLINGTON Wydawnictwo Prawnicze LexisNexis, WARSAW LexisNexis, SINGAPORE LexisNexis Butterworths, DURBAN Staempfli Verlag AG, BERNE LexisNexis, TAIWAN LexisNexis UK, LONDON, EDINBURGH LexisNexis Group, New York, NEW YORK LexisNexis, Miamisburg, OHIO
National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Title: Edition: ISBN: ISBN: Notes: Subjects: Dewey Number:
Traves, Samantha J. Commercial law. 4th edition. 9780409343045 (pbk). 9780409343052 (ebk). Includes index. Commercial law — Australia. 346.9407.
© 2016 Reed International Books Australia Pty Limited trading as LexisNexis. First edition, 2006; Second edition, 2009; Third edition, 2014. This book is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the publishers. Typeset in ITC Franklin Gothic Std and Baskerville. Printed in China. Visit LexisNexis Butterworths at www.lexisnexis.com.au
Preface The practice of commercial law nowadays requires an ever-broadening appreciation of relevant principles and statutes. In the 19th century, the area demanded an appreciation of the laws of agency and personal property and the Sale of Goods Act. In the modern day, it requires also an appreciation of consumer protection legislation, a statutory scheme of securities in chattels, insurance contracts law and e-commerce. The aim of this edition, as it was for the previous ones, is to describe in a concise and readily understood manner those concepts fundamental to commercial law, important applications of those concepts and other discrete areas of law relevant to modern commerce. This edition contains references to recent case and statute law and, reflecting further statutory enactments in the area, includes chapters on the Australian Consumer Law and personal property securities legislation. I trust that the book serves as a useful resource for practitioners and students of the law. I would like to record my thanks to Ms Anita Galeazzi for her valuable research assistance and to Ms India Lopez for her professional editorial assistance. I dedicate this edition of the book to my late father, Associate Professor Peter WH Woodruff AM, and to my mother, Maria, whose selflessness and indomitable spirit continue to be a source of inspiration to us all. Samantha Traves Brisbane
July 2016
Table of Cases References are to paragraph numbers A A E Goodwin Ltd v A G Healing (1979) 7 ACLR 481 …. 12.37 AAMI v Ellis (1990) 6 ANZ Ins Cas 60–957 …. 11.23 AAPT Ltd v Cable & Wireless Optus Ltd (1999) 32 ACSR 63 …. 5.37 ABN Amro Bank NV v Bathurst Regional Council [2014] FCAFC 65 …. 11.7, 11.35 Acernus Aero Ltd v Vincent Aviation [2013] NZAR 795; [2013] NZHC 595 …. 9.3 ACN 007 838 374 Pty Ltd v Zurich Australia Insurance Ltd (1997) 69 SASR 374 …. 11.23 Actionstrength Ltd v International Glass Engineering IN.GL. EN SpA [2002] 1 WLR 566 …. 12.10, 12.14, 12.16 — v — [2003] 2 WLR 1060 …. 12.10 Adams v Elphinstone (1993) 2 Tas R (NC) N14 …. 5.34 — v Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250 …. 13.23 Advance (NSW) Insurance Agencies Pty Ltd v Matthews (1989) 166 CLR 606 …. 11.8, 11.17, 11.41 Advent Systems Ltd v Unisys Corp (1991) 925 F 2d 670 …. 6.5 AGC (Advances) Ltd v West (1984) 5 NSWLR 590 …. 12.19 AGL Victoria Pty Ltd v Lockwood (2003) 10 VR 596 …. 6.3 Ainsworth v Creeke (1868) LR 4 CP 476 …. 5.33 Aitkin Transport Pty Ltd v Voysey [1990] 1 Qd R 510 …. 5.34
Akron Tyre Co Pty Ltd v Kittson (1951) 82 CLR 477 …. 1.22, 2.15, 4.2, 6.10 Albazero, The [1977] AC 774 …. 9.34 Albert Building Society v Pratt (1893) 19 VLR 195 …. 12.10 Albion Insurance Co Ltd v GIO (NSW) (1969) 121 CLR 342 …. 11.53, 11.55, 12.38 Aldridge v Johnson (1857) 7 El & Bl 885 …. 6.3, 8.19 Alexander v Vane (1836) 1 M & W 511; 150 ER 537 …. 12.33 Allcard v Skinner (1887) 36 Ch D 145 …. 12.26 Allen v F O’Hearn & Co [1937] AC 213 …. 5.40 Alliance Acceptance Co Ltd v Oakley (1987) 48 SASR 337 …. 5.22 Alliance & Leicester BS v Edgestop Ltd [1993] 1 WLR 1462 …. 5.22 Allianz Australia Insurance Ltd v Douralis [2008] VSCA 72 …. 11.40 — v Inglis [2016] WASCA 25 …. 11.32 — v Vitale [2014] NSWSC 364 …. 11.23 Allied Mills Ltd v Gwydir Valley Oilseeds Pty Ltd [1978] 2 NSWLR 26 …. 8.26 Aluminium Industrie Vaasen BV v Romalpa Aluminium Ltd [1976] 1 WLR 676 …. 8.20, 8.21, 8.24, 9.6, 10.9 Amco Enterprises Pty Ltd v Wade [1968] Qd R 445 …. 6.5 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) v Reno 929 F Supp 824 (ED Pa 1996) …. 13.2, 13.3, 13.11 American Home Assurance Co v Kirby (2004) 13 ANZ Ins Cas 61–600; [2003] NSWCA 395 …. 11.36 Amlink Technologies Pty Ltd and Australian Trade Commission, Re (2005) 86 ALD 370 …. 6.3, 6.5 Amtel Pty Ltd v Ah Chee [2015] WASC 341 …. 12.27 Andar Transport Pty Ltd v Brambles Ltd (2004) 217 CLR 424 …. 12.7, 12.18 Anderson v Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd [2004] QSC 49 …. 11.17
Anderson Group Pty Ltd v Tynan Motors Pty Ltd (2006) 65 NSWLR 400; [2006] NSWCA 22 …. 2.4, 9.12, 9.31 Andrabell Ltd, Re; Airborne Accessories Ltd v Goodman [1984] 3 All ER 407 …. 8.21 Anglo Overseas Transport Ltd v Titan Industrial Corp (UK) Ltd [1959] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 152 …. 5.47 Angus v Clifford [1891] 2 Ch 449 …. 11.17 Ankar Pty Ltd & Arnick Holdings Ltd v National Westminster Finance (Australia) Ltd (1987) 162 CLR 549 …. 12.3, 12.6, 12.8, 12.18, 12.19, 12.23 Annand & Thompson Pty Ltd v Trade Practices Commission (1979) 25 ALR 91 …. 6.27 Anning v Anning (1907) 4 CLR 1049 …. 1.20 Anon (1688) Moore KB 20; 72 ER 411 …. 4.5 Anson v Anson [1953] 1 QB 636 …. 12.33 Antico v CE Heath Casualty & General Insurance Ltd (1996) 38 NSWLR 681 …. 11.14, 11.36 ANZ Banking Group v Londish [2014] NSWSC 202 …. 12.27 ANZ Banking Group Ltd v Alirezai [2004] QCA 6 …. 12.25 Aqua-Marine Marketing Pty Ltd v Pacific Reef Fisheries (Aust) Pty Ltd (No 5) [2012] FCA 908 …. 6.35 Arcabi Pty Ltd (recs & mgrs apptd) (in liq), Re [2014] WASC 310 …. 10.8, 10.10 Aristoc Industries Pty Ltd v RA Wenham (Builders) Pty Ltd [1965] NSWR 581 …. 6.3 Armagas Ltd v Mundogas SA [1986] 1 AC 717; [1985] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 1 …. 5.20 Armory v Delamirie (1722) 93 ER 664 …. 3.7 Armour v Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG [1991] 2 AC 339 …. 8.23 Arrow Shipping Co Ltd v Tyne Improvement Commissioners (The Crystal) [1894] AC 508 …. 2.16, 3.2
Asfar v Blundell [1896] 1 QB 123 …. 8.28 Ashby v Tolhurst [1937] 2 KB 242 …. 9.3 Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd [1972] AC 441 …. 6.25, 6.26, 6.27, 6.28, 6.29, 6.30, 6.32, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 6.40, 6.41, 6.43 Askrigg Pty Ltd v Student Guild of the Curtin University of Technology (1989) 18 NSWLR 738 …. 9.26 Associated Alloys Pty Ltd v ACN 001 452 106 Pty Ltd (in liq) (formerly Metropolitan Engineering and Fabrications Pty Ltd) (2000) 171 ALR 568 …. 8.20, 8.21, 8.25 — v Metropolitan Engineering and Fabrication Pty Ltd (1998) 16 ACLC 1633 …. 8.23 — v Metropolitan Engineering and Fabrications Pty Ltd (1996) 20 ACSR 205 …. 9.6 Associated Midland Corp v Sanderson MotorsPty Ltd [1983] 3 NSWLR 395 …. 8.31, 8.36 Astley Industrial Trust Ltd v Miller [1968] 2 All ER 36 …. 8.15, 8.36 Atkinson v Hastings Deering (Qld) Pty Ltd (1985) 6 FCR 331; 71 ALR 93 …. 7.4 Attorney-General v Trustees of the British Museum [1903] 2 Ch 598 …. 3.2, 3.9 Attorney-General (Botswana) v Aussie Diamond Products Pty Ltd (No 3) [2010] WASC 141 …. 6.45 Attorney General for Ceylon v Silva [1953] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 563; [1953] AC 461 …. 5.20 Attorney-General (NSW) v World Best Holdings Ltd (2005) 63 NSWLR 557 …. 12.25 — v Wylde (1946) 47 SR (NSW) 99 …. 5.26 Atwood v Ernest (1853) 13 CB 881 …. 9.11 Audrey v Pollard (1597) Poph 108; 79 ER 1216 …. 5.34 Aussie Tax Pty Ltd v Markel Capital Ltd [2008] VSC 592 …. 11.32 Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Comer (1993) 5 BPR
11,748 …. 12.8 — v Fink [2015] NSWSC 506 …. 12.25 — v Heyward (1994) ATPR ¶46–137 …. 12.30 — v Karam (2005) 64 NSWLR 149 …. 12.25 — v Manasseh [2016] WASCA 41 …. 12.23 Australian and Overseas Insurance Co Ltd, Re [1966] 1 NSWR 558 …. 12.21 Australian Associated Motor Insurers Ltd v Ellis (1990) 6 ANZ Ins Cas 60–957 …. 11.23 Australian Blue Metal Ltd v Hughes [1962] NSWR 904 …. 5.29, 5.31 Australian Breeders Co-op Society Ltd v Corporation of the City of Marion (1992) 76 LGRA 175 …. 9.1 Australian Broadcasting Commission v Australasian Performing Right Association Ltd (1973) 129 CLR 99 …. 12.18 Australian Casualty Co Ltd v Federico (1986) 160 CLR 513 …. 11.26 Australian Communications and Media Authority v Atkinson [2009] FCA 1565 …. 13.22 — v Clarityl Pty Ltd (2006) 229 ALR 658 …. 13.22 — v Mobilegate Ltd (2009) 256 ALR 85 …. 13.22 — v Mobilegate Ltd (No 9) [2010] FCA 1383 …. 13.22 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v ACN 117 372 915 Pty Ltd (in liq) (formerly Advanced Medical Institute Pty Ltd) [2015] FCA 368 …. 12.25 — v Bunavit Pty Ltd [2016] FCA 6 …. 7.17 — v CG Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd (2003) 214 CLR 51 …. 12.25 — v CG Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd (No 2) (2000) 96 FCR 491 …. 12.25 — v Chen (2003) 201 ALR 40 …. 13.32 — v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 …. 12.25 — v Gordon Superstore Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 452 …. 7.17 — v Jutsen (No 3) (2011) 285 ALR 110 …. 7.2
— v Keshow [2005] FCA 558 …. 12.25 — v Lux Distributors Pty Ltd [2013] FCAFC 90 …. 12.25 — v Simply No-Knead (Franchising) Pty Ltd (2000) 104 FCR 253 …. 12.25 Australian Eagle Insurance Co Ltd v Mutual Acceptance (Insurance) Pty Ltd [1983] 3 NSWLR 59 …. 11.53 Australian Guarantee Corp Ltd v Ross [1983] 2 VR 319 …. 9.1 Australian Knitting Mills Ltd v Grant (1933) 50 CLR 387 …. 6.23, 6.35, 6.43, 7.13 Australian Mutual Provident Society v Gregory (1908) 5 CLR 615 …. 1.6 Australian Olympic Committee Inc v The Big Fights Inc [1999] FCA 1042 …. 3.5 Australian Petroleum Supplies Pty Ltd v Giuliano [2001] AATA 1050 …. 2.5 Australian Provincial Assurance Co Ltd v Coroneo (1938) 38 SR (NSW) 700 …. 4.12 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fast Access Finance Pty Ltd [2015] FCA 1055 …. 6.3, 6.11, 8.4 — v National Exchange Pty Ltd (2005) 148 FCR 132 …. 12.25 Ayoub v Lombard Insurance Co (Aust) Pty Ltd (1989) 97 FLR 284 …. 11.9 B Bacardi-Martini Beverages Ltd v Thomas Hardy Packaging Ltd [2001] WL 1040274 …. 4.7 Backhouse v Judd [1925] SASR 16 …. 9.1 Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik v Basle Chemical Works Bindschedler [1898] AC 200 …. 8.19 — v Hickson [1906] AC 419 …. 8.6 Bain Securities Ltd v Curmi (1990) 1 ACSR 794 …. 5.41
Baldry v Marshall [1925] 1 KB 260 …. 6.37 Balmain New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson (1906) 4 CLR 379 …. 13.26 Balmoral Supermarket Ltd v Bank of New Zealand Ltd [1974] 2 NZLR 155 …. 9.3 Baltic Shipping v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 …. 12.9, 12.36 Banditt v R (2005) 224 CLR 262; [2005] HCA 80 …. 11.17 Bank of Adelaide v Lorden (1970) 127 CLR 185 …. 12.22 Bank of Australasia v North German Insurance Co (1899) 17 NZLR 387 …. 11.26 Bank of Credit and Commercial International SA v Aboody [1989] 1 QB 923 …. 12.26 Bank of England v Vagliano Bros [1891] AC 107 …. 6.1 Bank of New South Wales v Permanent Trustee Co of NSW Ltd (1943) 68 CLR 1 …. 12.5 Bank of New Zealand v Fiberi Pty Ltd (1992) 8 ACSR 790 …. 5.7 Bank of Nova Scotia v Hellenic Mutual War Risks Association (Bermuda) Ltd [1998] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 514 …. 11.23 Bank of Victoria v Smith (1894) 20 VLR 450 …. 12.24 Banks v Ferrari [2000] NSWSC 874 …. 3.5 — v NRMA Insurance Ltd (NSWSC, Brownie J, 1 September 1988, unreported) …. 11.23 Banque Financiere v Westgate Insurance Co Ltd [1989] 2 All ER 952 …. 11.21, 11.23 — v — [1990] 2 All ER 947 …. 11.21, 11.23 Barnett v Network Solutions, Inc 38 SW 3d 200 (Texas Ct App 2001) …. 13.25 Barrell v Trussell (1811) 128 ER 273 …. 12.3 Barrett v Irvine [1907] 3 IR 462 …. 5.29 Barrow v Coles (1811) 3 Camp 92; 170 ER 1316 …. 8.11 Basma v Weekes [1950] AC 441 …. 5.49
Bates v Hewitt (1867) LR 2 QB 595 …. 11.14 Bayley v Fitzmaurice (1856) 6 El & Bl 868 …. 5.32 Bazley v Wesley Monash IVF Pty Ltd [2011] 2 Qd R 207; [2010] QSC 118 …. 1.7 Beach Petroleum v Johnson (1993) 11 ACSR 103 …. 5.37 Beale v Gough (1882) 1 WN (NSW) 110 …. 2.15 — v Taylor [1967] 1 WLR 1192 …. 6.26 Beazley v Seed & Grain Sales Moree Pty Ltd (1988) 4 BPR 9529 …. 5.2 Beckett & Co v Addyman (1882) 9 QBD 783 …. 12.9 Bedford Insurance Co Ltd v Instituto de Resseguros do Brasil [1985] QB 966 …. 5.26, 5.34 Bell v Clare (1989) 23 FCR 274 …. 1.16 — v Marsh [1903] 1 Ch 528 …. 5.31 Bellgrove v Eldridge (1954) 90 CLR 613 …. 6.47 Bence Graphics International Ltd v Fasson UK Ltd [1997] 1 All ER 979 …. 6.47 Beneficial Finance Corp Ltd v Comer (1991) ASC ¶56–042 …. 12.30 — v National Mutual Royal Bank (VSC, Brooking J, 8 September 1988, unreported) …. 8.32 Benson-Brown v HIH Casualty & General Insurance [2001] WASC 6 …. 13.23 Bergman v CGU Insurance Ltd [2016] VSC 81 …. 11.12 Bergougnan v British Motors Ltd (1929) 30 SR (NSW) 61 …. 4.2 Bernard Elsey Pty Ltd v FCT (1969) 121 CLR 119 …. 5.37 Berry & Son v Star Brush Co (1915) 31 TLR 603 …. 8.15 Bevan v Webb [1901] 2 Ch 59 …. 5.3 Beverley v Lincoln Gas Light & Coke Co (1837) 6 A & E 829 …. 8.15 Big Top Hereford Pty Ltd v Thomas [2006] NSWSC 1159 …. 4.6, 9.1 Bird v Brown (1850) 4 Exch 786; 154 ER 1433 …. 5.26, 5.34 — v Fort Frances [1949] 2 DLR 791 …. 3.8
Bis Cleanaway t/a Chep v Tatale [2007] NSWSC 378 …. 9.23 Biscayne Partners Pty Ltd v Valance Corp Pty Ltd [2003] NSWSC 874 …. 12.6, 12.13 Bishopsgate Motor Finance Corp Ltd v Transport Brakes Ltd [1949] 1 KB 332 …. 8.30 Bit Badger Pty Ltd v Cunich (1996) 9 ANZ Ins Cas 61–312 …. 11.46 Blashki v Utara (2003) Aust Contract R ¶90–159 …. 12.2 Bleyer v Google Inc (2014) 88 NSWLR 670; [2014] NSWSC 897 …. 13.28 Blomley v Ryan (1956) 99 CLR 362 …. 12.25 Bodapati v Westpac Banking Corp [2015] QCA 7 …. 12.25 Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd (formerly Willis & Bowring Mortgage Investments Ltd) (2009) 239 CLR 269 …. 12.37 Bolton v Darling Downs Building Society [1935] St R Qd 237 …. 12.13 — v Salmon [1891] 2 Ch 48 …. 12.13, 12.17 Bolton Partners Ltd v Lambert (1889) 41 Ch D 295 …. 5.26, 5.34 Bolwell Fibreglass Pty Ltd v Foley [1984] VR 97 …. 9.34 Boonham v CE Heath Underwriting & Agency Services (1993) 7 ANZ Ins Cas 61–189 …. 11.34 Booth Steamship Company Ltd v Cargo Fleet Iron Company Ltd [1916] 2 KB 570 …. 6.57 Boral Resources (Qld) Pty Ltd v Pyke (1989) 93 ALR 89 …. 11.50 Borden (UK) Ltd v Scottish Timber Products Ltd [1981] Ch 25; [1979] 3 All ER 961 …. 4.7, 9.6 Borg v Northern Rivers Finance [2004] QSC 29 …. 5.29 Botany Fork & Crane Hire Pty Ltd v New Zealand Insurance Co Ltd (1993) 44 FCR 27 …. 11.26 Bousquet v Mack Motor Truck Co 168 NE 800 (1929) …. 4.2 Bowden, Re [1936] Ch 71 …. 1.22 Bowden v Lo (1998) NSW ConvR ¶55–868 …. 9.14
Bowman v Bacon (1897) 18 LR (NSW) 12 …. 5.8 Brabant & Co v Thomas Mulhall King [1895] AC 632 …. 9.24 Bradford v Gammon [1925] Ch 132 …. 12.33, 12.35 Bradley and Essex and Suffolk Accident Indemnity Society, Re [1912] 1 KB 415 …. 11.23 Bradshaw v McEwans Pty Ltd (1951) 217 ALR 1 …. 6.39 Brambles Holdings Ltd v Carey (1976) 15 SASR 270 …. 5.38 Brambles Security Services Ltd v Bi-Lo Pty Ltd (1992) Aust Torts Reports ¶81–161 …. 9.1, 9.9, 9.10, 9.15 Brand v Bardon (NSWSC, Handley, Powell and Stein JJA, 18 July 1997, unreported) …. 6.43 Branwhite v Worcester Works Finance Ltd [1969] 1 AC 552 …. 5.5, 5.13, 5.54 Breusch v Watts Development Division Pty Ltd (1987) 10 NSWLR 311 …. 12.3 Bridge Wholesale Acceptance Corp (Australia) Ltd v Hartland & Hyde Pty Ltd (NSWSC, Giles J, 2 February 1995, unreported) …. 6.18 Bridges v Hawkesworth (1851) 21 LJ QB 75 …. 3.8 Bridgewater v Leahy (1998) 194 CLR 457 …. 12.26 Brien v Dwyer (1978) 141 CLR 378 …. 5.7 Bright v Femcare Ltd (2000) 175 ALR 50; [2000] FCA 742 …. 7.25 Briginshaw v Briginshaw (1938) 60 CLR 336 …. 11.17, 11.38 Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaft mbH [1983] 2 AC 34 …. 13.23 Bristol Tramways & Carriage Co Ltd v Fiat Motors Ltd [1910] 2 KB 831 …. 6.43 British Bank of the Middle East v Sun Life Assurance of Canada (UK) Ltd [1983] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 9 …. 5.15, 5.20 British Equitable Insurance Company v The Great Western Railway Company (1869) 38 LJ Ch 314 …. 11.11 British Oil & Cake Co Ltd v J Burstall & Co Ltd (1923) 15 Lloyd’s Rep
46 …. 6.30 British Road Services Ltd v Arthur V Crutchley & Co Ltd (Factory Guards Ltd, Third Parties) [1968] 1 All ER 811 …. 9.32 British Thomson-Houston Co Ltd v Federated European Bank Ltd [1932] 2 KB 176 …. 5.20 Brocklesby v Temperance Permanent Building Society [1895] AC 173 …. 5.13 Brogden v Metropolitan Ry Co (1877) 2 App Cas at 692 …. 5.27 Brook v Hook (1871) LR 6 Exch 89 …. 5.27 Brooks Robinson Pty Ltd v Rothfield [1951] VLR 405 …. 6.3 Brook’s Wharf Ltd v Goodman Bros [1937] 1 KB 534 …. 12.35 Brotherton v Aseguradora Colseguros SA (No 2) [2003] EWCA Civ 705; [2003] Lloyd’s Rep IR 746 …. 11.11 Brower v Gateway 2000 Inc 246 AD 2d 246; 676 NYS 2d 569 (App Div 1998) …. 13.24 Brownett v Newton (1941) 64 CLR 439 …. 5.50 Browning v Provincial Insurance Co of Canada (1873) LR 5 PC 263 …. 5.41, 5.42 Bryant v Wardell (1848) 2 Ex 479; 154 ER 580 …. 9.31 BS Brown & Son Ltd v Craiks [1970] 1 WLR 752 …. 6.43 Buchan & Co Ltd v Hays’ Transport Services [1972] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 535 …. 9.29 Buckeridge v Mercantile Credits Ltd (1981) 147 CLR 654 …. 12.24 Buckley v Gross (1863) 3 B & S 566 …. 3.8, 4.9 Building and Civil Engineering Holidays Scheme Management Ltd v Post Office [1966] 1 QB 247 …. 9.33 Bullen v Swan Electric Engraving Co (1906) 22 TLR 275 …. 9.32 — v — (1907) 23 TLR 258 …. 9.32 Bunnings Group Ltd v CHEP Australia Ltd (2011) 82 NSWLR 420; [2011] NSWCA 342 …. 2.15
— v Laminex Group Ltd (2006) 230 ALR 269; [2006] FCA 682 …. 7.4 Bunt v Tilley [2007] 1 WRL 1243 …. 13.28 Burger King Corporation v Hungry Jack’s Pty Ltd [2001] NSWCA 187 …. 11.23 Burgess v Zinc Port Melbourne [2013] VSC 599 …. 6.5 Burnes v Trade Credits Ltd [1981] 1 NSWLR 93 …. 12.23 Burnett v Randwick City Council [2006] NSWCA 196 …. 2.5 Buron v Denman [(1848) 2 Ex 167 …. 5.29 Business & Professional Leasing Pty Ltd v Dannawi; BPL (NSW) Pty Ltd v Blue Robe Petroleum Pty Ltd; BPL (NSW) Pty Ltd v Macarounas [2008] NSWSC 902 …. 7.4 Butler v Egg and Egg Pulp Marketing Board (1966) 114 CLR 185 …. 9.33 — v JSL Racing Pty Ltd [2014] VSC 509 …. 6.3, 6.10, 6.18 Butterworth v Kingsway Motors [1954] 1 WLR 1286 …. 6.18 Button v Cooper [1947] SASR 286 …. 2.3 Byas v Miller (1897) 3 Com Cas 39 …. 5.27 Byrne v Hoare [1965] Qd R 135 …. 3.8 C C.A.R.S. Pty Ltd v Brent [2015] TASSC 23 …. 12.24 Cairncross v Lorimer (1860) 3 Macq 827 …. 5.31 Calder v Jones 465 US 783 (1984) …. 13.32 Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v The Dredge ‘Willemstad’ (1976) 136 CLR 529 …. 9.6 Camellia Properties v Wesfarmers General Insurance Ltd [2013] NSWSC 1975 …. 11.23 Cameron v Qantas Airways Ltd (1995) 55 FCR 147 …. 12.25 Cameron & Co v Slutzkin Pty Ltd (1923) 32 CLR 81 …. 6.44 Cammell Laird & Co Ltd v Manganese Bronze & Brass Co Ltd [1934]
AC 402 …. 6.32, 8.15 Canberra Washed Sand Pty Ltd v Ro-Mix Concrete Pty Ltd (1976) 11 ACTR 1 …. 6.16 Canning v Farquhar (1886) 16 QBD 727 …. 11.11 Canon Australia Pty Ltd v Patton (2007) 244 ALR 759; [2007] NSWCA 246 …. 12.25 Canty v PaperlinX Australia Pty Ltd [2014] NSWCA 309 …. 12.20 Capital Finance Australia Ltd v Clough [2015] NSWSC 1327 …. 10.3 Capogreco v Rogerson [2015] NSWSC 1371 …. 8.30 Car & Universal Finance Co Ltd v Caldwell [1965] 1 QB 525 …. 8.35 Carberry v Gardiner (1936) 36 SR (NSW) 559 …. 5.42 Care Builders Pty Ltd, Re (1997) 23 ACSR 754 …. 12.6, 12.23 Carlos Federspiel & Co SA v Charles Twigg & Co Ltd [1957] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 240 …. 6.11, 8.19 Carpet Call Pty Ltd v Chan (1987) ATPR (Digest) 46-025 …. 7.4 Carrafa, Gountzos & Lofthouse (as liq of Relux Commercial Pty Ltd (in liq)) v Doka Formwork Pty Ltd [2014] VSC 570 …. 10.3, 10.8 Carter v Boehm (1766) 3 Burr 1905 …. 11.21 Case of Leather (1490) YB 5 Hen VII …. 4.5 Caspi v Microsoft 323 NJ Super 118; 732 A 2d 528 (NJ Super Ct App Div 1999) …. 13.25 Castellain v Preston (1883) 11 QBD 380 …. 11.46 Caxton Publishing Co Ltd v Sutherland Publishing Co [1939] AC 178 …. 9.16 CE Heath Casualty & General Insurance Ltd v Grey (1993) 32 NSWLR 25 …. 11.7, 11.17, 11.23 CE Heath Underwriting & Insurance (Aust) Pty Ltd v Edwards Dunlop & Co Ltd (1993) 176 CLR 535 …. 11.26 Cehave NV v Bremer Handelsgesellschaft mbH [1976] QB 44 …. 6.43 Celthene Pty Ltd v WKJ Hauliers Pty Ltd [1981] 1 NSWLR 606 …. 5.29,
5.34 Central Cleaning Supplies (Aust) Pty Ltd v Elkerton [2015] VSCA 92 …. 10.9, 10.16 Central Newbury Car Auctions Ltd v Unity Finance Ltd [1957] 1 QB 371 …. 8.32 CGU Insurance Ltd v AMP Financial Planning Pty Ltd (2007) 235 CLR 1; [2007] HCA 36 …. 11.21 — v Porthouse (2008) 235 CLR 103; [2008] HCA 30 …. 11.8, 11.12 Chabbra Corp Pty Ltd v Jag Shakti [1986] 1 AC 337 …. 9.34 Chan v Cresdon Pty Ltd (1989) 168 CLR 242 …. 12.3, 12.18 Chandler v Webster [1904] 1 KB 493 …. 8.28 Chao v British Traders and Shippers Ltd [1954] 2 QB 459 …. 6.45, 6.46, 8.35 Chapman v Hearse (1961) 106 CLR 112 …. 11.35 Chapman Bros v Verco Bros & Co Ltd (1933) 49 CLR 306 …. 9.6 Charge Card Services Ltd, Re [1988] 3 All ER 702 …. 8.11 Charter v Sullivan [1957] 2 QB 117 …. 6.49 Charter Reinsurance Co Ltd v Fagan [1997] AC 313 …. 11.26 Chase v Westmore (1816) 5 M & S 180 …. 1.13 Chattis Nominees Pty Ltd v Norman Ross Home Works Pty Ltd (in liq) (1992) 28 NSWLR 338 …. 8.20, 8.21 CHEP Australia Ltd v Bunnings Group Ltd [2010] NSWSC 301 …. 9.33 Chicago Boot Co Pty Ltd v Davies & McIntosh as Joint & Several Liquidators of Harris Scarfe Ltd (2011) 282 ALR 378; [2011] SASCFC 92 …. 8.20 Chidbundid v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (2012) 259 FLR 1; [2012] FMCA 59 …. 13.19 China Pacific SA v Food Corp of India (The Winson) [1982] AC 939 …. 9.14 Chisum Services Pty Ltd, Re (1982) 7 ACLR 641 …. 5.35, 5.38
Christian Youth Camps Ltd v Cobaw Community Health Services Ltd [2014] VSCA 75 …. 5.38 Christie v Permewan, Wright & Co Ltd (1904) 1 CLR 693 …. 5.3 CIC Insurance Ltd v Midaz Pty Ltd (1998) 10 ANZ Ins Cas 61–394 …. 11.17 Cinema Center Services v Eastaway Air Conditioning Pty Ltd (1999) ASAL 55-034 …. 7.4 Citadel Financial Corp Pty Ltd v Elite Highrise Services Pty Ltd (No 3) [2014] NSWSC 1926 …. 10.13, 10.16 Citibank Savings Ltd v Nicholson (1997) 70 SASR 206 …. 12.30 City Bank of Sydney v McLaughlin (1909) 9 CLR 615 …. 5.30 City Centre Cold Store Pty Ltd v Preservatrice Skandia Insurance Ltd (1985) 3 NSW LR 739 …. 11.35 City Motors (1933) Pty Ltd v Southern Aerial Super Service Pty Ltd (1961) 106 CLR 477 …. 9.34 CKE Engineering Ltd (in admin), Re [2007] BCC 975 …. 4.7, 4.10 Clancy v Prince [2001] NSW ConvR ¶55–981 …. 5.25 Clarke v Lopwell Pty Ltd [2008] NSWSC 615 …. 12.25 Clarkson Booker Ltd v Andjel [1964] 2 QB 775 …. 5.40, 5.41 Claude B Fox Pty Ltd v Rayner [1978] Qd R 250 …. 6.34 Clean Investments Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (2001) 105 FCR 248 …. 7.4 Clifford v Moore (1890) 11 ALT 146 …. 5.49 Clough Mill Ltd v Martin [1984] 3 All ER 982; [1985] 1 WLR 111 …. 4.7, 8.23, 9.6 Club Hotels Operations Pty Ltd v CHG Australia Pty Ltd [2005] NSWSC 998 …. 12.18 Clune, Re; Ex parte Verge v Isabella Nominees Pty Ltd (in liq) (1988) 14 ACLR 261 …. 5.46 Coates v Lewes (1808) 1 Camp 444 …. 5.41 Cochrane v Moore (1890) 25 QBD 57 …. 1.20, 6.3
Cockburn v GIO Finance Ltd (No 2) (2001) 51 NSWLR 624 …. 12.38 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of NSW (1982) 149 CLR 337 …. 6.27, 6.44, 12.18 Coggs v Bernard (1703) 2 Ld Raym 909; 92 ER 107 …. 9.14, 9.21 Coghlan v S H Lock (Aust) Ltd (1987) 8 NSWLR 88 …. 12.3, 12.18 Cohen v Cohen [2016] NSWSC 336 …. 5.44 Coldman v Hill [1919] 1 KB 443 …. 9.1, 9.24 Cole, Re [1964] Ch 175 …. 1.20 Coleman v Harvey [1989] 1 NZLR 723 …. 4.7 Collector of Customs (NSW) v Southern Shipping Co Ltd (1962) 107 CLR 279 …. 2.5 Collen v Wright (1857) 8 El & Bl 647; 120 ER 241 …. 5.48, 5.50 Collyear v CGU Insurance Ltd (2008) 15 ANZ Ins Cas 61–760; [2008] NSWCA 92 …. 11.48, 11.53 Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd v Producers and Citizens Co-operative Assurance Co of Australia Ltd (1931) 46 CLR 41 …. 5.38 Combulk Pty Ltd v TNT Management Pty Ltd (1993) 41 FCR 59; 113 ALR 214 …. 5.8 Commercial & General Insurance Co Ltd v Government Insurance Office of New South Wales (1973) 129 CLR 374; 47 ALJR 612b …. 11.48, 11.55 Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447 …. 12.21, 12.25, 12.26, 12.27, 12.28, 12.30 — v Cavanaugh (1980) 7 NTR 12 …. 12.9 Commercial Bank of Tasmania v Jones [1893] AC 313 …. 12.23 Commercial Banking Co of Sydney Ltd v Gaty [1978] 2 NSWLR 271 …. 12.6, 12.23 — v Mann (1960) 34 ALJR 293 …. 5.33 — v Patrick Intermarine Acceptance Ltd (in liq) (1978) 52 ALJR 404 …. 12.6
Commercial Union Assurance Co Ltd v Hayden [1977] QB 804 …. 11.55 Commercial Union Assurance Co of Australia Ltd v Beard (1999) 47 NSWLR 735; (2000) 11 ANZ Ins Cas 61–458 …. 11.9, 11.14 Commissioner of Internal Revenue v San Carlos Milling Co Ltd (1933) 63 F (2d) 153 …. 9.6 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Hamilton [2012] NSWSC 242 …. 5.50 Compania Naviera Vascongado v British and Foreign Marine Insurance Co Ltd (The Gloria) [1936] 54 LIR 35 …. 11.43 Compania Portorafti Commerciale SA v Ultramar Panama Inc [1990] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 395 …. 9.1 Comptroller General of Customs v Woodlands Enterprises Pty Ltd (1995) 128 FLR 113 …. 9.8 Condogianis v Guardian Assurance Co (1921) 29 CLR 341; [1921] UKPCHCA 1 …. 11.18, 11.19 Conley, Re; Ex parte Trustee v Barclays Bank Ltd [1938] 2 All ER 127 …. 12.1, 12.2, 12.13, 12.17 Consolidated Co v Curtis & Son [1892] 1 QB 495 …. 2.15 Con-Stan Industries of Australia Pty Ltd v Norwich Winterthur Insurance (Australia) Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 226 …. 5.2, 5.7, 5.54 Cook v Saroukos (1989) 97 FLR 33 …. 3.2, 3.5 Cooper v Fisken (1912) 18 ALR 155 …. 5.49 — v Willomott (1845) 1 CB 672; 135 ER 706 …. 9.31 Co-operative Bulk Handling Ltd v Jennings Industries Ltd (1996) 17 WAR 257 …. 11.51 Corporation of London v Appleyard [1963] 1 WLR 982 …. 3.8 Costello v Chief Constable of Derbyshire Constabulary [2001] 3 All ER 150 …. 2.11 Cottee v Franklins Self Service Pty Ltd [1997] 1 Qd R 469 …. 9.17 Cotter v Luckie [1918] NZLR 811 …. 6.26
Coughlin v Gillison [1899] 1 QB 145 …. 9.17 Coulhart v Clementson (1879) 5 QBD 42 …. 12.9 Coulls v Bagot’s Executor & Trustee Co Ltd (1967) 119 CLR 460 …. 12.38 Country Stores Pty Ltd, Re [1987] 2 Qd R 318 …. 8.21 Courtney v Medtel Pty Ltd [2003] FCA 36 …. 7.8 Cousens v Grayridge [2000] VSCA 96 …. 5.2, 5.7 Cox v Isles, Love & Co [1910] St R Qd 80 …. 5.29 Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising & Addressing Co Pty Ltd (1975) 133 CLR 72 …. 5.7, 5.8, 5.11, 5.20 — v — [1975] VR 607 …. 5.20, 5.29, 5.31 Crago v Multiquip Pty Ltd (1998) ATPR 41-620 …. 7.4 Craythorne v Swinburne (1807) 14 Ves Jun 160; 33 ER 482 …. 12.38 Crouch v Adams [2006] NSWSC 1029 …. 8.19, 8.39 — v Jeeves (1938) Pty Ltd (1946) 46 SR (NSW) 242 …. 9.25, 9.32 Crouch and Lyndon (a firm) v IPG Finance Australia Pty Ltd [2013] QCA 220 …. 5.8 Crowther v Shannon [1975] 1 WLR 30 …. 6.38 Crump v Equine Nutrition Systems Pty Ltd t/as Horsepower [2006] NSWSC 512 …. 7.4, 7.25 Cundy v Lindsay (1878) LR 3 App Cas 459 …. 8.34 Curtin v Meadlow Holdings Pty Ltd [2001] QCA 145 …. 2.15 Curtis v Perth and Freemantle Bottle Exchange Co Ltd (1914) 18 CLR 17 …. 5.6 — v Singtel Optus Pty Ltd [2014] FCCA 1286 …. 13.16 Custom Credit Corp Ltd v Lynch [1993] 2 VR 469 …. 5.2, 5.54 Custom Lease Pty Ltd v Simpson (NSWSC, Mofitt P, Samuels and Priestley JJA, 14 July 1983, unreported) …. 9.32 D
Dalgety & Co Ltd v Australian Mutual Provident Society [1908] VLR 481 …. 11.17 Dane v Mortgage Insurance Corp Ltd [1894] 1 QB 54 …. 12.21 Daniel v Hotel Pacific Pty Ltd [1953] VLR 447 …. 9.19 Daniell v Paradiso (1991) 55 SASR 359 …. 5.13 Danish Mercantile Co Ltd v Beaumont [1951] Ch 680 …. 5.26 Darlington Futures Ltd v Delco Australia Pty Ltd (1986) 161 CLR 500 …. 6.1, 9.35, 11.26 Darvall v North Sydney Brick & Tile Co (1989) 16 NSWLR 260 …. 5.37 Daunt v Daunt [2015] VSCA 58 …. 12.26 Davey v Paine Bros (Motors) Ltd [1954] NZLR 1122 …. 6.12 — v Robinson’s Motors Pty Ltd (1957) 75 WN (NSW) 56 …. 8.11 Davies v Humphreys (1840) 6 M & W 153; 151 ER 361 …. 12.33 Davis v Pearce Parking Station Pty Ltd (1954) 91 CLR 642 …. 9.24 Davison v Vickery’s Motors Ltd (in liq) (1925) 37 CLR 1 …. 5.26 Dawes Underwriting Australia Pty Ltd v Roth [2009] NSWCA 152 …. 11.8, 11.17 Dawnlite Pty Ltd v Riverwalk Realty Pty Ltd [2013] QSC 243 …. 5.6, 5.27 Dawson v Monarch Insurance Co of New Zealand [1977] 1 NZLR 372 …. 11.40 Dawsons Ltd v Bonnin [1922] 2 AC 413 …. 11.18 Day v Day [2013] EWCA Civ 280; [2014] Ch 114 …. 5.6 De Bussche v Alt (1878) 8 Ch D 286 …. 5.31, 5.51 De Vries v Rapid Metal Developments (Aust) Pty Ltd (2011) 84 ACSR 261; [2011] NSWCA 100 …. 4.6 Deaves v CML Fire and General Insurance Co Ltd (1979) 143 CLR 24; [1979] HCA 12 …. 11.18, 11.19 Debtor, Re A [1937] Ch 156 …. 12.33 Delhasse, Ex parte 7 Ch D 511 …. 5.54
Dell v Quilty [1924] NZLR 1270 …. 6.26 Demby Hamilton & Co Ltd v Barden [1949] 1 All ER 435 …. 8.26 Dempster v National Companies and Securities Commission (1993) 10 ACSR 297 …. 5.37 Denis Geary Motors v Hunter Street Finance [1979] Qd R 207 …. 6.18 Dependable Motors Pty Ltd v Ashford Shire Council (1959) 101 CLR 265 …. 6.32, 6.34 Derbyshire Building Co Pty Ltd v Becker (1962) 107 CLR 633 …. 9.17, 9.27 Dering v Earl of Winchelsea (1787) 1 Cox 318; 29 ER 1184 …. 12.38 Derry v Peek (1889) 14 App Cas 337 …. 11.17 Deta Nominees Pty Ltd v Viscount Plastic Products Pty Ltd [1979] VR 167 …. 6.3 Di Bello v De Costi Seafoods (Holdings) Pty Ltd [2005] NSWCA 267 …. 5.8 Dibbins v Dibbins [1896] 2 Ch 348 …. 5.34 Dickinson v Valpy [(1829) 10 B & C 128 …. 5.21 Dimitrakipoulos v Farm Pride Foods Ltd [2000] QCA 80 …. 12.24 Dimitrovski v Australian Executor Trustees Ltd [2014] NSWCA 68 …. 5.6 Direct Acceptance Finance Ltd v Cumberland Furnishings Pty Ltd [1965] NSWR 1504 …. 12.6 Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria v The Good Guys Discount Warehouses (Australia) Pty Ltd [2016] FCA 22 …. 7.17 Director of Public Prosecutions v Brooks [1974] AC 862 …. 2.5 — v Gomez [1993] AC 442 …. 5.37 Distillers Co Biochemicals (Australia) Pty Ltd v Ajax Insurance Co Ltd (1974) 130 CLR 1 …. 11.21, 11.23 Distillers Co (Biochemicals) Ltd v Thompson [1971] AC 458 …. 13.29 Donald v Suckling (1866) LR 1 QB 585 …. 1.12, 9.26, 9.31
Doodeward v Spence (1908) 6 CLR 406; [1908] HCA 45 …. 1.7 Doubleclick Inc Privacy Litigation, Re 154 F Supp 2d 497 (SDNY 2001) …. 13.4, 13.5 Dougan v Ley (1946) 71 CLR 142 …. 6.50 Dow Jones & Co Inc v Gutnick (2002) 210 CLR 575 …. 13.3, 13.4, 13.27, 13.28, 13.29, 13.30 Dowdell v Knispel Fruit Juices Pty Ltd [2003] FCA 851 …. 6.34, 6.38, 6.43 Drayton v Martin (1996) 137 ALR 145 …. 11.53, 11.55 Drew v Nunn (1879) 4 QBD 661 …. 5.53 Duffy v Google Inc [2015] SASC 170 …. 13.28 Dumitrov v SC Johnson & Son Superannuation Pty Ltd [2006] NSWSC 1372 …. 11.23 Duncan, Fox & Co v The North and South Wales Bank (1880) 6 App Cas 1 …. 12.2, 12.4, 12.6, 12.37 Dura (Australia) Constructions Pty Ltd v Hue Boutique Living Pty Ltd [2014] VSCA 326 …. 10.3, 10.11, 10.12 Durham Brothers v Robertson [1898] 1 QB 765 …. 1.21 Dwyer and Davies v Chicago Boot Co Pty Ltd (2011) 82 ACSR 193; [2011] SASC 27 …. 8.20 Dyster v Randall & Sons [1926] Ch 932 …. 5.42 E E & S Ruben Ltd v Faire Bros & Co Ltd [1949] 1 KB 254 …. 6.45, 8.44 E Hardy & Co (London) Ltd v Hillerns and Fowler [1923] 2 KB 490 …. 6.45, 6.46 East End Real Estate Pty Ltd v CE Heath Casualty & General Insurance Ltd (1992) 25 NSWLR 400 …. 11.32 Eastern Distributors Ltd v Goldring [1957] 2 QB 600 …. 8.31, 8.32 Eastern Suburbs Leagues Club Ltd v Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance
Australia Ltd (2004) 13 ANZ Ins Cas 61–599; [2003] QSC 413 …. 11.35 Eastwood v Kenyon (1840) 113 ER 382 …. 12.3, 12.10 Edgar v Hector [1912] SC 348 …. 6.26 Edlin v Williams [1998] QCA 439 …. 12.3 Edwards, Re the Estate of [2011] NSWSC 478 …. 1.7 Edwards v Ddin [1976] 1 WLR 942 …. 8.19 — v Hunter Valley Co-op Dairy Co Ltd (1992) 7 ANZ Ins Cas 61–113 …. 11.23 — v Lennon (1866) 6 SCR (NSW) Eq 18 …. 12.13, 12.17 — v Newland & Co [1950] 2 KB 534 …. 8.27, 9.35 EFM Pty Ltd v New Zealand Steel (Australia) Pty Ltd [1998] VSC 194 …. 5.7 Egan v Ross (1928) 29 SR (NSW) 382 …. 5.13, 5.23 Egekvist Bakeries v Tizel & Blinick [1950] 1 DLR 585 …. 6.18 — v — [1950] 2 DLR 592 …. 6.18 EGIS Consulting Australia Pty Ltd v First Dynasty Mines Ltd [2001] WASC 22 …. 13.23 Egmont Box Co Ltd v Registrar-General of Lands [1920] NZLR 741 …. 6.5 Egyptian International Foreign Trade Co v Soplex Wholesale Supplies Ltd (The ‘Raffaella’) [1985] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 36 …. 5.11, 5.15, 5.20 Ehrenfeld v Oriana Nominees Pty Ltd [1999] WASCA 222 …. 12.6, 12.23 Elder v Northcott [1930] 2 Ch 422 …. 12.2 Elder Smith Goldsbrough Mort Ltd v McBride [1976] 2 NSWLR 631 …. 6.23, 6.26 Elitestone Ltd v Morris [1997] 2 All ER 513; [1997] 1 WLR 687 …. 4.12 Ellerbeck Collieries Ltd v Cornhill Insurance Co Ltd [1932] 1 KB 401 …. 11.46
Ellerman’s Wilson Line Ltd v Webster [1952] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 179 …. 3.2 Ellesmere Brewery Co v Cooper [1896] 1 QB 75 …. 12.38 Ellis, Re (No 2) [2013] WASC 161 …. 13.19 Elms v Ansell Ltd [2007] NSWSC 618 …. 7.25 Elphick v Barnes (1880) 5 CPD 321 …. 8.15 Elwes v Brigg Gas Co (1886) 33 Ch D 562 …. 3.2, 3.8, 4.12 Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corp [1955] 2 QB 327 …. 13.23 Entwells Pty Ltd v National and General Insurance Co Ltd (1991) 5 ACSR 424; 6 ANZ Ins Cas 61–059 …. 5.37, 11.39, 11.40, 11.42 Eon Metals NL v Cmr of State Taxation (WA) (1991) 91 ATC 4841 …. 4.12 Equity Trustees Executors & Agency Co Ltd v New Zealand Loan & Mercantile Agency Co Ltd [1940] VLR 201 …. 12.37 Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Haxton (2012) 246 CLR 498; [2012] HCA 7 …. 1.21 Errington v Errington and Woods [1952] 1KB 290 …. 2.2 Esanda Finance Corp Ltd v Colonial Mutual General Insurance Co Ltd (1993) 217 ALR 180 …. 11.53 — v Tong (1997) 41 NSWLR 482 …. 12.30 Essington Investments Pty Ltd v Regency Property Pty Ltd [2004] NSWCA 375 …. 5.13, 5.20 Esso Bernica, The [1989] AC 643 …. 12.35, 12.36 Estoril Investments Pty Ltd v Westpac Banking Corp (1993) 6 BPR 13,146 …. 12.8 Euphoric Pty Ltd v Ryledar Pty Ltd [2006] NSWSC 2 …. 6.16 Evans, Re [1946] St R Qd 20 …. 1.20 Evans v Sirius Insurance Co Ltd (1986) 4 ANZ Ins Cas 60–755 …. 11.14 Expo Aluminium (NSW) Pty Ltd v WR Pateman Pty Ltd (1990) ASC 55978 …. 6.34 F
F Drughorn Ltd v Redriaktiebolaget Trans-Atlantic [1919] AC 203 …. 5.42 FAI General Insurance Co Ltd v Australian Hospital Care Pty Ltd (2001) 204 CLR 641 …. 11.32, 11.37 — v Perry (1993) 30 NSWLR 89 …. 11.32 Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2002] 1 WLR 1052 …. 11.35 Fairmede Pty Ltd v Von Pein [2004] ANZ ConvR 382; [2004] QSC 220 …. 5.7 Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd (2007) 230 CLR 89 …. 5.35 Farnsworth v FCT (1949) 78 CLR 504 …. 4.9, 9.6 Farquharson Brothers & Co v King & Co [1902] AC 325 …. 5.21 Farrow v Wilson (1860) LR 4 CP 744 …. 5.53 Fearnley v Finlay [2014] 2 Qd R 392; [2014] QCA 155 …. 1.16, 9.1, 10.8 Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (1979) 143 CLR 499 …. 2.5 — v United Aircraft Corp (1943) 68 CLR 525 …. 9.1 Fenn v Bittleston (1851) 7 Ex 152; 155 ER 895 …. 9.31 Ferraro v DBN Holdings Aust Pty Ltd (t/as Sports Auto Group) [2015] FCA 1127 …. 7.18 Ferrcom Pty Ltd v Commercial Union Assurance Co (Aust) Ltd (1993) 176 CLR 332; 67 ALJR 264 …. 11.33 Feuer Leather Corp v Frank Johnston & Sons [1981] Com LR 251 …. 8.36 Fibrosa Spolka Akcyjna v Fairbairn Lawson Combe Barbour Ltd [1943] AC 32 …. 8.28 Fidock v Legal Profession Complaints Committee [2013] WASCA 108 …. 11.17 Filmana Pty Ltd v Tynan [2013] QCA 256 …. 12.2 Finzel, Berry & Co v Eastcheap Dried Fruit Co [1962] 1 QB 370 ….
5.41, 5.42 First Energy (UK) Ltd v Hungarian International Bank Ltd [1993] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 194 …. 5.20 First National Bank of SA Ltd v Quality Tyres [1970] (Pty) Ltd (1995) (3) SA 556 …. 1.18 Firth v Staines [1897] 2 QB 70 …. 5.26 Flack v National Crime Authority (1997) 80 FCR 137 …. 2.11 Flexirent Capital Pty Ltd v EBS Consulting Pty Ltd (2007) 14 ANZ Ins Cas 61; [2007] VSC 158 …. 5.8, 5.20 Flinn v White [1950] SASR 195 …. 1.20, 2.5 Flowfill Packaging Machines Pty Ltd v Fytore Pty Ltd (1993) Aust Torts Reports 81-244 …. 2.15 Foley v Classique Coaches Ltd [1934] 2 KB 1 …. 6.12 Ford Excavations Pty Ltd v Do Carmo [1981] 2 NSWLR 253 …. 5.38 Forge Group Power Pty Ltd (in liq) v General Electric International Inc [2016] NSWSC 52 …. 10.2, 10.3, 10.8 Forman & Co Pty Ltd v Liddesdale [1900] AC 190 …. 5.29 Forrest v Australian Securities and Investments Commission (2012) 86 ALJR 1183; [2012] HCA 39 …. 11.17 — v Verizon Communications 805 A 2d 1007 (DC App 2002) …. 13.25 Forsythe International (UK) Ltd v Silver Shipping Co Ltd (‘The Saetta’) [1994] 1 All ER 851 …. 8.42, 8.44 Foskett v McKeown [2001] 1 AC 102 …. 4.6, 4.9 Fouldes v Willoughby (1841) 8 M & W 540 …. 2.15 Four Point Garage Ltd v Carter [1985] 3 All ER 12 …. 8.22, 8.41, 8.42, 8.44 Four Square Stores (Qld) Ltd v ABE Copiers Pty Ltd (1981) ATPR 40232 …. 7.4 Frank v Grosvenor Motor Auctions Pty Ltd [1960] VR 607 …. 6.42 Fray v Voules (1859) 1 El & El 839 …. 5.7
Freeman v Rosher (1849) 13 QB 780 …. 5.29 Freeman & Lockyer (a firm) v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480 …. 5.2, 5.8, 5.11, 5.15, 5.17, 5.20, 5.22, 5.36, 5.41 French v French (1841) 2 M & G 644; 133 ER 903 …. 12.3 Fried v National Australia Bank (2001) 111 FCR 322 …. 5.22, 5.32 Frost v Aylesbury Dairy Co Ltd [1905] 1 KB 608 …. 6.32 Fruehauf Finance Corp Pty Ltd v Zurich Australia Insurance Ltd (1990) 20 NSWLR 359 …. 11.18 Fuentes v Montis (1868) LR 3 CP 268 …. 8.30 G G(A) v G(T) [1970] 2 QB 643 …. 5.3 Gadd v Houghton (1876) 1 Ex D 357 …. 5.49 Gamer’s Motor Centre (Newcastle) Pty Ltd v Natwest Wholesale Australia Pty Ltd (1987) 163 CLR 236 …. 2.3, 6.1, 8.30, 8.39, 8.44, 8.45 Gamlen Chemical Co (Australasia) Pty Ltd v Shipping Corp of India Ltd [1978] 2 NSWLR 12 …. 9.32 Gammasonics Institute for Medical Research Pty Ltd v Comrad Medical Systems Pty Ltd (2010) 77 NSWLR 479; [2010] NSWSC 267 …. 6.5 Gan v Sanders (1994) 15 ACSR 298 …. 12.6, 12.23 Garcia v National Australia Bank Ltd (1998) 194 CLR 395; 155 ALR 614 …. 12.27, 12.30 Garlic v W & H Rycroft Ltd [1982] CAT 277 …. 9.14 Garnac Grain Co Inc v HMF Faure & Fairclough Ltd [1968] AC 1130 …. 5.54 Garrett and Bodenham, surviving Partners of Phillips v Handley (1825) 4 B & C 664 …. 12.10 Gattellaro v Westpac Banking Corp (2004) 204 ALR 258 …. 12.18, 12.24 Geissler v Accro Motors Pty Ltd (1955) 73 WN (NSW) 31 …. 5.54
Gelpack Enterprises Pty Ltd (in liq), Re [2015] NSWSC 1558 …. 10.9, 10.13, 10.16 Gemmell Power Farming Co Ltd v Nies (1935) 35 SR (NSW) 469 …. 9.17 General Accident Insurance Asia Ltd v Sakr [2001] NSWCA 402 …. 11.15 General and Finance Facilities Ltd v Cooks Cars (Romford) Ltd [1963] 1 WLR 644 …. 9.33 General Produce Co v United Bank Ltd [1979] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 255 …. 12.23 Genn v Winkel (1912) 107 LT 434 …. 8.15 Gibbs Holdings Pty Ltd v Mercantile Mutual Insurance (Australia) Ltd (2001) 11 ANZ Ins Cas 61–484 …. 11.32 Gilchrist Watt & Sanderson Pty Ltd v York Products Pty Ltd [1970] 1 WLR 1262 …. 9.1, 9.10, 9.35 Giles v Carter (1965) 109 SJ 452 …. 9.26 Gill & Duffus SA v Berger & Co Inc (No 2) [1984] AC 382 …. 6.24 Gillie, Re (1996) 70 FCR 254 …. 2.15 Gillogly v Iama Agribusiness Pty Ltd [2002] NSWCA 251 …. 8.16 GIO General Ltd v Wallace (2001) 11 ANZ Ins Cas 61–506; [2001] NSWCA 299 …. 11.8 GJG Importers Australia Pty Ltd v Bluegame Pty Ltd [2005] QCA 460 …. 9.10 Glebe Island Terminals Pty Ltd v Continental Seagram Pty Ltd (The Antwerpen) (1993) 40 NSWLR 206; [1994] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 213 …. 9.32 Glencore v Metro Trading Inc [2001] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 284 …. 4.5, 4.7, 4.9, 4.10 Gob