Century Dictionary 9781463211318

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THE

CENTURY DICTIONARY AND

CYCLOPEDIA A WORK

OF UNIVERSAL

REFERENCE

IN ALL DEPARTMENTS OF KNOWLEDGE WITH A NEW ATLAS OF THE WORLD

VOLUME XII

» GORGIAS PRESS 2006

First Gorgias Press Edition, 2006. Copyright © 2006 by Gorgias Press LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the LTnited States of America by Gorgias Press LLC, New Jersey.

ISBN 1-59333-375-7 (SET) ISBN 1-59333-376-5 (Atlas) ISBN 1-59333-377-3 (Vol 1) ISBN 1-59333-378-1 (Vol 2) ISBN 1-59333-379-X (Vol 3) ISBN 1-59333-380-3 (Vol 4) ISBN 1-59333-381-1 (Vol 5) ISBN 1-59333-382-X (Vol 6) ISBN 1-59333-383-8 (Vol 7) ISBN 1-59333-384-6 (Vol 8) ISBN 1-59333-385-4 (Vol 9) ISBN 1-59333-386-2 (Vol 10) ISBN 1-59333-387-0 (Vol 11) ISBN 1-59333-388-9 (Vol 12)

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GORGIAS PRESS 46 Orris Ave., Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA www.gorgiaspress.com Printed in the LTnited States of America

THE CENTURY DICTIONARY SUPPLEMENT PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF

BENJAMIN E. SMITH, A.M., L.H.D. MANAGING EDITOR OF THE C E N T U R Y DICTIONARY AND EDITOR OF THE C E N T U R Y CYCLOPEDIA OF NAMES AND THE C E N T U R Y A T L A S

PUBLISHED BY

Ci)e Century Co, NEW Y O R K

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE E T Y M O L O G I E S AND a., adj abbr abl acc accom act

.. .adjective. .. .abbreviation

engin entom

. .engineering. .. entomology.

mech

.. .accusative. .. .accommodated,accommodation. ,. .active.

equiv esp Eth ethnog

..equivalent. .. especially. .. Ethiopic. .. ethnography.

mensur.

AF agri AL

,. .agriculture.

Eur

.. European.

Amer anat anc

. . . American. .. .anatomy. .. .ancient.

F

. .French (usually mean' ing modern French). .. Flemish.

meteor Mex

DEFINITIONS.

mechanics, cal.

mechaniphren

phrenology.

pl.,plur. . . .

plural.

. . . .mensuration.

. . . .meteorology. Pol val Greek,

PP pr.

appar. Ar

. . . apparently.

Flem fort Fries

ML

meaning vençal).

Middle Latin, medieval Latin.

Old

Pro-

MLG. ....mycology.

.. Friesic. mvth

G archaeol arith art AS

. . . archaeology. . . . arithmetic. . . . article. .. .Anglo-Saxon.

astron attrib aug Bav Beng. biol Bobem bot, Braz.

. . . astronomy. . . . attributive. .. .augmentative. .. .Bavarian. ,. .Bengali. .. .biology. . ..Bohemian.

bryol Bulg carp. Cath cans ceram cf. ch Chal chem Chin colloq com comp. compar. conch

Corn craniol cramom crystal

. . . Brazilian. .. .Breton. . ..bryology. . . .Bulgarian. . . . carpentry. .. .Catholic. .. .causative. .. .ceramics.

Gael galv geog geol geom Goth Gr. gram gun Heb herpet Hind hist. horol Hung hydrauL hydros Icel

. . .church. .. .Chaldee. , ..chemical, chemistry.

ing New High German). .. Gaelic. . .galvanism. . - geography. . .geology. . .geometry. . .Gothic (Moesogothic). . .Greek. . .grammar. ,. gunnery.

tion. . . , Cornish. .. .craniology. . . . craniometry. . . .crystallography.

dat def deriv dial diff.

.. .definite, definition. . ..derivative, derivation. .. dialect) dialectal. . . . different.

distrib

. . Hungarian. .. hydraulics. . .hydrostatics.

.. .distributive.

inf instr. inter]' intr., intrars. Ir ureg. It

. .impersonal. .. imperfect. .. imperative. . .improperly. . .Indian. .. indicative. . .Indo-European.

. .instrumental. . .interjection. . .intransitive. . .Irish. .. irregular, irregularly.

NGr Greek. NHG (usually simply G., German).

Lett. LG lichenol lit. lit

prop pros

pronounced, ciation. properly.

pronun-

psychol. . . . — p s y c h o l o g y . q v tide, which see. refl reg regular, regularly.

Latin. Norm north

. . . . Norman. northern.

0. obs

....Old. obsolete.

(languages).

sc

L. scilicet, understand. supply.

wise called Church Slavonic, Old Slavic, Old Slavonic). OCat OD ODan . . . . O l d Danish. odontog. . . . OF. OFlem OGael OHG Olr. oit OL OLG ONorth

Skt Slav Sp.

. . . .Spanish.

. . . . O l d French. Old Flemish. . . . . O l d Gaelic.

Burg

surgery.

. . . . O l d Irish.

Sw.

. . . Old Latin.

Syr

Syriac.

teratol term Teut

teratology. termination.

ong OS OSp

L.

dynam. . . . . . . . .dynamics. E E ing modern English). eccl., eccles.. . . . ecclesiastical. eeon . . .economy. . . .L. exempli gratia, lor e. g example. Egypt .. .Egyptian. E. Ind .. .East Indian. elect. . . . electricity. embryol .. .embryology. Eng ...English.

pron ....North. N North America. N. A m e r . . . . nat

meaning Old Icelandic, otherwise call' ed Old Norse).

impers impf. impv xmprop Ind ind Indo-Eur

neuter.

IsTL . .heraldry. . .herpetology. .. Hindustani. . .history. . .horology.

ichth .. .colloquial,colloquially. .. .commerce, commercial. , ..composition, compound. ., .comparative. . . . conchology.

n., neut

ing classical Latin). , .Lettish. . .Low German. . .lichcnology.

OSw OTeut

Old Swedish.

P- a

. .literature.

lithog lithol

. .lithography.

m.? masc. . . . M mach mammal manuf math MD ME

. .masculine. . .Middle. . .machinery. . .mammalogy. . .manufacturing. . .mathematics. . .Middle Dutch. .. Middle English (otherwise called Old English).

typog. ult pathol

pcrsp

perspective.

petrog Pg

petrography. Portuguese.

Phen

• • • .typography.

pathology.

v. t transitive verb. W. . . . .Welsh. Wall Wallach.... W. Ind zoögeog. . . . zoogeography.

KEY TO a as in a as in a as in a as in a as in 5 as in

fat, man, pang, fate, mane, dale, far, father, guard, fall, talk, naught, ask, fast, ant. fare, hair, bear.

e as in met, pen, bless, e as in mete, meet, meat, e as in her, fern, heard. i as in pin, it, biscuit. 1 as in pine, fight, file. 0 o o 6

as as as as

in in in in

not, on, frog, note, poke, floor, move, spoon, room. nor, song, off.

u as in tub, son, blood, u as in mute, acute, few (also new, tube, duty: see Preface, pp. ix, x). u as in pull, book, could. ii German ii, French u.

PRONUNCIATION.

oi as in oil, joint, boy. ou as in pound, proud, now. A single dot under a vowel in an unaccented syllable indicates its abbreviation and lightening, without absolute loss of its distinctive quality. See Preface, p. xi. Thus: a e 0 ü

as in as in as in as in

prelate, courage, captain, ablegate, episcopal. abrogate, eulogy, democrat, singular, education.

A double dot under a vowel in an unaccented syllable indicates that, even in the mouths of the best speakers, its sound is variable to, and in ordinary utterance actually becomes, the short íí-sound (of but, pun, etc.). See Proface, p. xi. Thus: a e 1 o

as in as in as in as in

errant, republican, prudent, difference. charity, density. valor, actor, idiot.

a as in Persia, peninsula, e as in the book, u as in nature, feature. A mark (~) under the consonants t, 4, s, z indicates that they in like manner are variable to ch, j, sh, zh. Thus: t d § 7.

as in nature, adventure, as in arduous, education. as in pressure. as in seizure.

th as in thin. TH as in then. ch as in German ach, Scotch loch, n French nasalizing n, as in ton, en. ly (in French words) French liquid (monilli) 1. ' denotes a primary, " a secondary accent. (A secondary accent is not marked if at its regular interval of two syllables from the primary, or from another secondary.)

SIGNS. < > 4=

read from; i. e., derived from. read whence; i. e., from which is derived. read and; i. e., compounded with, or with suffix. read cognate with; i. e., etymologically parallel with.

SPECIAL A superior figure placed after a title-word indicates that the word so marked is distinct etymologically from other words, following or preceding it, spelled in the same manner and marked with different numbers. Thus : back 1 (bak), n. The posterior part, etc. back 1 (bak), a. Lying or being behind, etc. back 1 (bak), v. To furnish with a back, etc. back 1 (bak), adv. Behind, etc. back 2 t (bak), n. The earlier form of bat2. back 3 (bak), ». A large flat-bottomed boat, etc. Various abbreviations have been used in the credits to the quotations, as " No." for number, " s t . " for stanza, " p . " for page, "1." for line, If for paragraph, " fol." for folio. The method used in indicating the subdivisions of books will be understood by referenco to the following plan: Section only Chapter only Canto only Book only

J 5. xiv. xiv. iii.

V read root. * read theoretical or alleged; i. e., theoretically assumed, or asserted but unverified, form, t read obsolete. * references so marked are to the supplementär}' volumes.

EXPLANATIONS.

Book and chapter \ Part and chapter I Book and line I Book and page > iii. 10. Act and scene I Chapter and verse I No. and page / Volume and page II. 34. Volume and chapter IV. iv. Part, book, and chapter II. iv. 12. Part, canto, and stanza II. iv. 12. Chapter and section or V vii. § or IT 3. Volume, part, and section or IT . .1. i. § or U 6. Book, chapter, and section or IT.. I. i. § or IT 6. Different grammatical phases of the same word are grouped under one head, and distinguished by the Eoman numerals I., II., III., etc. This applies to transitive and intransitive uses of the same verb, to adjectives used also as nouns, to nouns used also as adjectives, to adverbs used also as prepositions or conjunctions, etc. The capitalizing and italicizing of certain or all of the words in a synonym-list indicates that the words so distinguished are discrimi-

nated in the text immediately following, or under the title referred to. The figures by which the synonym-lists are sometimes divided indicate the senses or definitions with which they are connected. The title-words begin with a small (lowercase) letter, or with a capital, according to usage. When usage differs, in this matter, with the different senses of a word, the abbreviations [cap.] for "capital" and [Z. c.] for "lower-case" are used to indicate this variation. The difference observed in regard to the capitalizing of the second element in zoological and botanical terms is in accordance with the existing usage in the two sciences. Thus, in zoology, in a scientific name consisting of two words the second of which is derived from a proper name, only the first would be capitalized. But a name of similar derivation in botany would have the second element also capitalized. The names of zoological andbotanical classes, orders, families, genera, etc., have been uniformly italicized, in accordance with the present usage of scientific writers.

3. A s a symbol: (c) M denotes (1) magnetic moment: usually printed in old English ; (2) a gaseous pressure of the millionth of an atmosphere. (d) fi denotes (1) magnetic permeability or the specific conductivity of any substance for lines of magnetic force; (2) the coefficient of friction, (e) m stands for the intensity or strength of a magnetic pole. { / ) w 2 stands for square meters, rtfi for cubic meters.—4. A s an abbreviation: (a) In titles, M. stands also for Marquis, Matthew (a book of the N e w Testament), ( g ) In a ship's log-book, m. is and Monsieur. an abbreviation (2) of moderate, (70 In a chart, m. stands for mud; in meteor., for mist; in ophthalmol., for myopia, (i) In phar., M. or m. stands for macerare (macerate), matiipulus (a handful), mensura (measure or by measure), minimum (minim), misce (mix), mistura (mixture). ( j ) In astronomical tables, M. or m. (abbreviation of L . meridies) indicates meridian or meridional: 12 M. stands for noon. See A.M. and P.M. (k) In astron., M. stands for Messier, referring to his catalogue of 103 nebulas and star-clusters: thus, 51M. or M.51 is the famous whirlpool nebula. ( I ) M. stands for Monday; M. or m., f o r mile or miles, mill or mills, month or months, moon, muster; m., for married, mascidinef middle, minutes, morning, and the Latin mille (a thousand), m a a l (mal), n. [Norw. Dan. maaZ = Sw. m&lz= Icel. mal, speech, language.] In Norway, language : a term occurring in several compounds of some historic note, as maalstraasv,4 the language struggle/ namely, the struggle to substitute the landsmaal, or i popular speech,' as partly normalized by Aasen in his grammar (1848) and dictionary (1858 and 1873), in place of the rigsmaal, or 'national speech,'the literary Norwegian, nearly identical with Danish. The close of 1899 and the beginning of 1900 were occupied by a discussion, which drowned all other interests, and in which every Norwegian author took part, as to the adoption of the landsmaal. or composite dialect of the peasants, as the national language in place of the rigs-maal or Dano-Norwegian. Political prejudice greatly embittered the controversy, but the proposition that the landsmaal, which dates from the exertions of Ivar Aasen (q. v.) in 1850, should oust the language in which all the classics of Norway are written, was opposed by almost every philologist and writer in the country, particularly by Bjornson and Sophus Bugge (born 1833). On the other side, Arne Garborg's was almost the only name which carried any literary weight Encyc. Brit., X X X I . 275.

ma'am, n. A t the British Court it is used, instead of 1 madam/ in addressing the queen or a royal princess. ma'amselle (mam-zel'), n. An Englished form of mademoiselle. m a a r (mar), n. [G. dial., a form of meer, sea: seemere 1 .] In^eo?.: ( a ) A local German name originally applied to certain small crater-lakes inthe recently extinct volcanic region of the Eifel, near Bonn, on the Rhine. The craters were believed to have resulted from explosive outbreaks, without emissions of lava. (6) Technically, any crater which has been produced by an explosion unaccompanied by lava. Annals and Mag. Nat. fftst., Feb., 1904, p. 135. maara-shell (ma/ra-shel), n. A large ornamental top-shell, Turbo margaritaceus, found in the South Pacific, maatje (mat'ye), n. [D., a small measure, a deciliter, dim. of maat, measure : see mete1, «.] The name given in Holland to the deciliter, mabi (ma-be'), n. [Carib.; cf. mabby, mobby, mobee.~\ 1, A name in Porto Iiico for a West; Indian tree of the buckthorn family, Colubrina reclinata, yielding a heavy, hard, strong, darkbrown wood and. a medicinal bark. See nakedwood.— 2. A drink prepared from the bark of the mabi and also from that of Colubrina Colu-

Such brina. It is commonly sold in the markets and which resemble normal volcanoes. peddled in the streets of Porto Rico, where it vents have no apparent connection with true is used as a beverage and as a remedy for indi- volcanoes but are due to the generation of gas gestion. in the depths. On the other hand, solfataras and pits of boiling mud mabolo (má-bó'ló), n. [Bisaya mabolo."] In n, [F., a medley, a mess, lit. Macedonia ; in allusion perhaps to the chronic confusion in modern Macedonia.]. 1. A mold of jelly containing a mixture of fruits ; also, a mixture of vegetables served as a garnish to meat or, with a sauce, as a vegetable dish or as a salad.—2. Hence, figuratively, any mixture of unrelated things.

macadamite (mak-ad'am-it), n. A n alloy containing about 752 per "cent, of aluminium, 24 That Strangemacedoine of mental and moral qualities— per cent, of zinc, and 4 per cent, of copper. the late Count Gurowski—once remarked to James RusIt is said to possess a tensile strength of more sell Lowell, with that easy superiority of knowledge about than 44,000 pounds to the square inch. Min- this country which is the monopoly of foreigners, that we have no singing birds. eral Resources of U. S., 1902, p. 238. Springfield Republican, June 23, 1902. macadoub (mak'a-dob), n. [Etym. uncertain; macene (mâ-sën'), n. [mac(c)2 4- -et\e.] A probably S. A . Indian.] A name given by colorless liquid terpene, C ^ H i e , contained in natives of British Guiana to a luminous larviform insect, probably the larviform female of oil of 2mace. I t has an odor4 of thvme. macer (mâ'sér), n. [mace + -erX] A swina coleopterous insect of the tribe Phengodini. Probably same as *railway-beetle (which see). dler. See *process. Mr. C. W. Anderson exhibited a specimen of a light- Maceration process. Abbreviations (a) of magiving larva brought by him from near the boundary of mach., macfiin. British Guiana with Brazil, exhibiting when living a ruby chinery; (b) of machinist. light in its head, and a double row of phosphorescent spots along the body, two on each segment. These lights machseracanthus ( m a - k ë - r a - kan ' thus), n. were not intermittent, but glowed continuously. This [ N L . , < Gr. fid%aipa, knife, -f ànavda, thorn.] presumed coleopterous larva was called "macadoub " by The fin-spines of a genus of Devonian selachthe natives, and is not uncommon in the region named. ians or sharks of large size : the only parts of Athenseum, Nov. 30, 1907, p. 694.these fishes yet known. macana ( m a - k a ' n a ) , n. [Arawak of the machaerodontine (mâ-kë-rô-don'tin), a. [MaGreater Antilles macana, a war-club; also in chœrodus (-odont-) + -ine^.] Related to or various idioms of the isthmus of Panama.] having the characters of Machserodus. 1, A war-club made of heavy wood, or some- machairomancy (ma-kï'rô-man-si), n. [Gr. times of stone, formerly used by the Indians ¡¿âx®cpa, knife, sword, + ftavrela, divination.] in parts of the West Indies. Through the SpanDivination by means of a sword, iards the word was circulated in many parts of Spanish America and became incorporated as a designation for machan (ma-chan'), n. [Alsomuchan; S > T ^ t " ? ! « " " M A b n o r m a l a n d t l l e t a r s u s shorter t h a n t h e first digit, n. L[NL., < Gr. of the attendant workers alone, but also to a certain of one or m o r e of t h e limbs. M a c r o p t e r y x (mak-rop'te-riks), amount of initiative in the larva;. Tng^rAmA-ra « T„ - {l.\ f t,,,. (1... ' , , , L. - . , . Science, Dec. 13,1901, p. 9:i2. macromere, «. i n embryol. . (6) One ot t h e /¡a^oe, long, + xTepvi, wing.] A genus of „ , „, , large yolk-laden cells, f o u n d a b o u t one pole of birds c o n t a i n i n g t h e tree-swifts of southTii v n A„ a n 1 Slfii, Lu L t M p e g s m e a s e o f u n e q u a l segmentation, such e a s t e r n Asia and t h e larger a d j o i n i n g islands. „'-? t h e extract. a s occurs in t h e hagfish, Myxine: c o n t r a s t e d They a r e distinguished f r o m Sther swifts b v The Italian botanists, Messieurs levier and Sommier, with *micromcre. m a n v anatomical neculiBrities and ore nlaced have given a vivid account of what they call the m&kro, , „ inany a n a t o m i c a l peculiarities a n a a r e piaeeci flora of the Central Caucasus—those wild-flower beds, in m a c r o m e r i t e (mak-rom'e-rit),2 «. [Gr. /laxpOe, m a separate tamily, t h e Macropterygtdse. which a man and a horse may literally be lost to sight, long, + /dpoc, a p a r t , + " - i i e . ] In petrog., a m a c r o r h i n i a (mak-ro-rin'i-a), n. [NL., < Gr. phoLrof^vegeane^ ™ck ^ c o m p o n e n t crystals are large „ 6 ( , l o n g l a r g e , +' Ay nose.] Tlle conhand celebrated the mikroflora of the highest ridges, enough to be seen by t h e u n a i d e d eye. b a m e dition of h a v i n g a disproportionately large those tiny, vivid forget-me-nots and gentians and ranuu- a s +phanerite> Vogelsang, nose. ffit^^^^^'^^d11^ m a c r o m e r o z o i t e (mak"ro-mer-o-zo'it), ». [Gr. m a c r o s c e l e s (mak-ros'e-les), [NL., < Gr. the highest rocks of theliasodano and the Lombard Alps? paKpof, large, + /itpof, p a r t , + Z£x>v, animal, + /laspocKs/.r^, long-legged: see *tnacroscelia.J Smithsonian Rep., 1904, p. 351. -ttr-.] I n sporozoans, a macrosporozoite : One who is long-legged, m a c r o g a m e t e (mak-ro-gam'et), 11. [Gr. paicpoc, c o n t r a s t e d with *micromerosoi.te. m a c r o s c e l i a (mak-ro-se'li-a), n. [NL., < Gr. long, + E . gamete.'] A f e m a l e germ-cell or m a c r o m e s e n t e r y ( m a k - r o - m e z ' e n - t e r - i ) , n. /¿anpomrtr/c, long-legged, + ^ J F rognatli(ic) + -ism.] _ T h e c h a r a c t e r or s t a t e £ u e s - of t J i e a i ; I n e i l t a r v e a n „ i g r e a t e a r t h q u a k e ; a h e a v y or intense earthof being m a c r o g n a t h i c . _ ' _ quake. m a c r o g r a p h i c ' ( m a k - r o - g r a f ' i k ) , a. [macro- m a c r p p hl oang O c y t e (mak-ro-fag'o-sit), n. [Gr. prof. Milne pointed out the distinction which exists beqranhiy) + -¿e.] R e l a t i n g to or characterized a s S ; iarge, -I- i . phagocyte.J Same tween macroseisms, or large earthquakes, and microb v l a r w e or ennr«» Inndwritlno^macrophage. seisms, or small earthquakes. The former he described as Dy large or coarse l i a n a w n t m g . , i t>\ m world-shaking disturbances, while as regarded the latter, macrography (mak-rog'ra-fi), n. [Gr. uaitpoc, macropnonous l.raaK-roi o - n u s ; , a. [(jr. there were about thirty thousand such disturbances every long large + -ypa&ia C--pa6uv write ] The lulKP09roe, < /tanpof, large, + tpuvt/, sound, year, cach of which disturbs from ten up to several hunlise of verv larue chnrncter-s in w'ritino- «nmo voice.]J H a v i n g a loud, stentorian voice. dreds of square miles of the earth's surface. use oi very large c h a r a c t e r s m writing, some& ,„_ , Sri. Amer. Sup., May 2,1903, p. 22855. times carried to such an extreme b v t h e insane m a c r o p h o t o g r a p h y (mak"ro-pho-tog ra-fi), n. . . , . t h a t a word of three or f o u r l e t t e r s will r u n [Gr. paxpof, long, + E. photography.] The ms ea c r o s+ e i s m i c (mak-ro-sis mik), a. [_maerof the 0i a mae oselsm across t h e e n t i r e page. production of a n enlarged n e g a t i v i f r o m a " f ' J 9 , , J • relat ln to a n m a c r o e v n e (mak'ro-iin) : n rGr uaK06c lone- negative b y m e a n s of t h ! camera. Woodbury, " i t e l l s e e a r t h q u a k e , or to one of f S J ™arge ^ i J f w i e ] ' A f e m l l e or oueen Encyc. D i i t . Photog., p. 274. ' g ' e a t a r e a or ot long continuance. „ t ^f • i i or queen, • _ s > In the earthquakes with distant origins, the periods of a n t ot conspicuously larger s t a t u r e t h a n t h e m a c r o p h y s i c a l ( m a k - r o - f i z ' i - k a l ) , a. [Gr. the preliminary tremors do not depend upon their duran o r m a l f e m a l e f o r m of t h e species. Wheeler, /'nKpor, long, large, + E. physical.] Of or per- tion, the duration of preliminary tremors being propor1907. t a i n i n g t o t h e phvsics of m a t t e r in t h e m a s s : tional to the distance such earthquake motion may have macrohemozoite, macrohasmozoite (mak"ro- opposed to microphysical, which relates to t h e n S n ! and it haT S been shotn to°exWf?r macro' hem-o-zo'it), n. [Gr. /ian.pi(, large, + alpa, u l t i m a t e s t r u c t u r e of m a t t e r . I'. Drude, The- seismic disturbances. Nature, July 9, 1903, p. 235. blood', + (fiov, animal, + -ite2.] The large ory of Optics, p. vii. m a c r o s e i s m o g r a p h (mak-ro-sis'mo-graf), n. form of schizont m t h e development of t h e m a c r o p h y s i c s (mak-ro-fiz'iks), n. The physics [Gr. /mxpif, long, large, + aho/w{, e a r t h q u a k e , h e m o g r e g a r i n e Drepanidium serpentium, which of t h e relations of large masses, or of bodies as + ypatyuv, write.] A seismograph adapted i n f e s t s various snakes. Compare *microhema whole, t h e p r o b l e m s of u l t i m a t e s t r u c t u r e for recording large m o v e m e n t s of t h e e a r t h , osoite. ImIz. being ignored. or macroseisms.

macrosepalous

758

macrosepalous (mak-ro - sep'a - lus), a. [Gr. macrotype (mak'rô-tïp), n. fiaxpâç, long, large, + NL. sepalum, sepal, + -o«s.] In bot., having long or large sepals, MICROTYPE : MACROTYPE macrosis (mak-rô'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. pâupuaiç, lengthening, enlarging, *fianpovi>, lengthen, enlarge? < fi'^p^, long, large.] In pathol., increase in size, macrosmatic (mak-ros-mat'ik), a. [Gr. fiaspôç, long, large, + oajiij, smell, + -aijc 2 .] Having the organs of smell, especially the ethmoturbinals, well developed : contrasted with *microsmatic. According to Turner, the application of this and related terms depends largely upon the number of ethmoturbinals, five being characteristic of most osmatic animals, anosmatic animals having four or less, and macrosmatic animals from six to eight. Echidna, on the other hand, ia, to use Turner's nomenclature, " itiacrosmatic."

Maestrichtian [Gr. jiaitp6f, large, + riirof, type.] A modification of the usual arrangement of the mesenteries in certain Zoanthidea, in . that the mesenteries 6, 6, which form couples with 1, 1, are macromesenteries : contrasted with *micro~ type. Some such relationship may perhaps hold between

maddish (mad'ish), a. [madl + -ish.~] 1. Like a madman; characteristic of a madman. — 2. Somewhat mad; rather mad. Mad-dog weed. See * « > « ( ! . madega ( m a - d a ' g a ) , n. [Abyssinian.] A measure of capacity in Abyssinia, equal to 3.466 bushels. C. I f . Haswell, Mech. andEngin. Pocket-book, p. 48. madeleine (mäd-län'), n. [P. madeleine, from Madeleine, a feminine name. See maudlin.] A small iced and decorated cake, usually made with a layer of jelly or jam. mademoiselle, » . 4. A French governess: used as ' Fräulein' is used for a German governess. madescent ( m a - d e s ' e n t ) , a. [ L . madescens (-ent-), p p r . o f madescere, b e c o m e m o i s t , < iimdere, b e m o i s t . ] S l i g h t l y m o i s t . Madhuca (mad-hö'kä), n. [NL. (Gmelin, 1791),

Mac retype. Proc. Zodt. Soc. London, 1894, p. 9. < S k t . maähuka, a bee, also t h e n a m e of a tree, Diagram of the final arrangement of the t h e c o m p l e t e (mamacrosmatism (mak-ros'ma-tizm), ii. [mac- mesenteries in the Zoimthea. T h e left of crotupe) or incom-Hassia latifolia o r Madhuca Indica, t h e m a h w a t r e e . ] A g e n u s of d i c o t y l e d o n o u s trees b e the figure shows the microtypal; the right, , / „ . ; . . , . ril rosmat{ic) + -/sm.] A characteristic condition the macrotypal arrangement. T h e live mes- P . * ? (microrypej in mammals which consists in their having the enterial pairs, i, i; a% ; 4, 4 ; 5, 5 i 6, C, 0 0 S « t h protociiemic l o n g i n g t o t h e f a m i l y Sapotacese. About 30 species organs of smell well developed. Trans. Lin- cupy the asulcar aspect of the zooid, and it p a i r a n d t h e e i l - are known, natives of the East Indies. (See Bäumt.) Sevis seen that ¡11 this region the macroinesen. l a i g e d Or d i n i i n i l eral species are valuable for the oil yielded by the seeds, nean Soc. London, Zool., Jan., 1899, p. 298. tery of each couple is, furthest fcive further from the sulgepta. macrosomatia (mak"rô-sô-mâ'shia), il. [NL., car directive!!. In this remai c'heoi^e' Annals ani Ma,j. and for their fleshy flowers, which are largely used as region the macromesentery nf each couple ,, . But., May, food in central India and yield a coarse spirit by distilla< Gr. /¿anpor, long, large, + câ/ia(T-), body.] the directives. (From Lankestion. The mahwa-tree, Madhuca Indica, is cultivated ter's " Zoology.") 1902, p. 393. Great size of the body ; gigantism, macrosomatous (mak-rô-sô'ma-tus), a. [Gr. Macrourus (mak-ro'rus), 11. Same as Ma- throughout India for these purposes. M. butyracea, the Indian butter-tree, yields a solid white oil known as iiaupôç, long, large, + aâua(r-), body, + -OÎÎS.] crurus, 1. fulwa-butter. M. longifalia of southern India is the In anat., having a large body. macrovariolitic (mak'ro-va-ri-o-lit'ik), a. principal source of illupi-oil. The bark, leaves, and oil macrOSOme (mak'rô-sôm), n. [Gr. fiaapôç, long, [Gr. panpot;, large, + E. variolitic], Coarsely of these trees are used in rheumatic and cutaneous dislarge, + où/m, body.] In eytol,, one of the variolitic or spotted: applied to certain vario- eases, and the timber is hard and durable. See ülupi. larger grannies scattered among the smaller litic eruptive rocks. Amer. Geol., Sept., 1904, madnep, (b) Heraeleum lanatum, the cowones (microsomes) in certain cell-nuclei. p. 339. parsnip or masterwort. Some cytologists regard the macrosomes as composed of macruran, II. a. Relating or pertaining madness,«.—Greenland dog-madness. Same chromatin, the microsomes of achromatic substance. Acas *pibloclcto. to the Macrura. cording to others, the macrosomes are true nucleoli, Spence Bate maintained that the Schizopoda ought not mado (mä'dö),n. [Prob, aboriginal Australian.] whereas the microsomes are true chromatin granules, to form a separate order but to be ranged as a macruran A fish, Tharapon cuvicri, of the family HseinuEncyc. Brit., XXX. 479. lid.v, found in Australian waters, macrosomia (.mak-rô-sô'mi-a), n. [NL.: see tribe. *macrosome.'} Abnormal size of the body : macula-ring (mak'u-lii-ring), n. A ring which madonnina (ma-do-ne'nä), n. [It., < magigantism. A silver coin of Genoa, surrounds the macula or spot of moat acute donna, madonna.] macrosporic (mak-rô-spô'rik), a. [macrospore vision in man and some of the apes. Fhilos. with a device of the immaculate conception + -to.] Kelating to or of the nature of a Trans. Roy. Soc. (London), 1901, ser. B, p. 74. on tho reverse, worth Is. 6fd.\ the double lira. macrospore. maculature, ». 3. In etching, an impression madras,)'. 2. A thin cotton cloth, generally macrosporozoite (mak / / rô-spô-rô-z5'ït), n, or proof taken upon a sheet of common abcorded or figured, used for shirts, etc. [Gr. ¡mnpôç, large, + Ë. sporozoite.'] In Madreporic gland, in echinoderms. Same as Sporozoa, a large endogenous sporozoite; a sorbent paper laid upon the plate. One of these [tile Hundred Guilder Plate], in the * axial organ. macromerozoite. Compare *microsporozoite. Museum of Amsterdam, is a ' m a c u l a t u r e , ' an impression madreporidan (mad-re-por'i-dan), a. ReFodwyssotzlei. on a sheet of ordinary paper passed over the plate to reThe discovery by Schaudinn and Siedlecki of a true move the ink. Mose Kingdey, iu Burlington Mag., V. 70. sembling or characteristic of the Madreporidse. , madreporigenous (mad' re-pö-rij'e-nus), a. fertilization in à certain number of Sporozoa, for which macule,«. 2. In pathol., same asmactiia. [madrepore + -gen + -oust] Producing madthe present writer's announcement in 1896 of the sexual A macule, excoriation, or bulla on the site of the de- repore coral: as, madreporigenous polyps, dimorphism of macrosporozoites and microsporozoitcs struction. Buzk, Med. Handbook, I. 147. madriale (miWre-ä'le), n. [It.: see madrigal.] prepared the way. Encyc. Brit., XXXII. 814. maculicolous (mak-u-lik'o-lus), a. [L. macula, Macrostoma, n. 2. sing. A genus of deep-sea "a spot, + colere, inhabit, + -OMS.] In tot., In music: (a) A madrigal, (b) An intermezzo: so called because madrigals were once much fishes of the family Myetophidie.— 3. sing. The found in definite spots upon the surface of used as intermezzi in the opera. typical genus of the family Macrostomidse. leaves or stems: applied to fungi, madrina(mä-dre'nä), n. [Sp.,lit. 'godmother'; M. hystrix is found in stagnant water. Van maculiferous (mak-u-lif-e-rus), a. [L. macula, also sponsor, protectress, < madre, < L. mater, Beneden. spot, + ferre, bear, 4- -ous.] Covered with mother.] In South America, the leading animal Macrostomatidœ (mak'rô-sto-mat'i-dê), n. spots; bearing spots, of a mule-train, usually distinguished by some pl. [ N L . ] Same as *Màcrostomidœ, 2. maculopapular (mak^u-lo-pap'u-lar), a. [ L . head-ornament, chiefly by a bell dangling from macrostomatous (mak-rô-stom'a-tus), a. [Gr. macula, spot, + papula, pimple, -H -ar^.] Both the neck. In Spain the term is also used to /lo/cpâf, long, large, + orofta (r-), mouth, + -ows.] macular and papular. designate the rope or leather band by which Having a mouth of un usually large size, two mules are tied together; and for a wooden Mad., Madm. Abbreviations of Madam. macrostomia (mak-rô-stô'mi-ti), 11. [ N L . ] The Madagass (mad-a-gas'), 1. Same as Mala- support in the shape of a pillar or column, state of having an abnormally large month. gasy.—2. A light - colored Jamaica negro madrono, n. The name was originally applied to the Macrostomidse, n. pi. 2. A family of rhab- whose hair is more nearly straight than is strawberry-tree, Arbutus Unedo, which is so called in docœlous turbellarians in which the female usual with the race. Spain. It was transferred to its congener, A. Menziesii, gonad is an ovary and the female pore is in of the American Pacific Coast. I t is now also applied to front of the male pore. It contains the genera madarin (mad'a-rin), v. Same as *mudarin. A. X'alapensis and A. Arizimica, of the southwestern Macrostoma, Onmlostoma, and Mecynostomi:. madaroma (mad-a-ro'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. United States and northern Mexico, Also called Macrostomatidse. ¡ladapovv, make bald, < uaJapoc, bald.] Same madupite (ma-du'pit), n. [Maditpa, an Indian name for Sweetwater, a county in Wyoming,+ macrostomoid (mak-ros'tô-moid), a. Resemb- as madarosis. -/ie2.] In petrog., an aphanitic volcanic rock ling the Macrostomidse ; having a large mouth madarotic (mad - a - rot' ik), a. [madarosis composed of diopside and phlogopite, with or aperture, as a shell, {-rot-) + -ic.] Relating to or marked by leueite in subordinate amount, also a little macrostomous ( mak-ros'tô-mus ), a. Same madarosis, or a falling of the hair, especially glass base. Cross, 1897. as +macrostomatous. of the eyelashes, macrostomus (mak-ros'tô-mus), pi. mac- mad-bred (mad'bred), a. Bred by madness Madurese (mad'u-res or -rez), a. and n. I. a. Of or pertaining to Madura, an island in the rostotni (-mi). [ N L . ] 'One who has a very in the brain ; madness-bred. [Rare.] Malayan archipelago, east of Java. large mouth. This fell tempest shall not cease to rage macrostructural (mak-rô-struk'tû-ral), a. II. n. sing, and pi. A native or the natives Until the golden circuit on my head, of the island of Madura, [Gr. fiaKpôç, large, + E. structure + -aïl.] Of Like to the glorious sun's transparent beams. madwoman's-milk (mad'wum-anz-milk''), n. or pertaining to gross, as distinguished from Do calm the fury of this mad-bred flaw. Shak., 2 Henry VI., iii. 1. The sun-spurge, Euphorbia microscopic, structure.—Macrostructural metaHelioscopia. madder1, «.—Bine field-madder. Same as field- Ma. E. An abbreviation of Master of Engineermorphlsm. See 'kmstamorphism. : now adventive in Ontario and Massachusetts, macrostylous (mak-rô-stï'lus), a. [macrostyle madder ing. also in Bermuda.—purple madder. (1) See madder + -OÎÎS.] Same as màcrostyle. lakes, (b) Same as *purple-lilack.—Wild madder, (c)maeandrinoid (me-an'dri-noid), a. Resemmacrotia (mak-ro'ti-ii), n. [NL., < Gr. uaitp,if, The dyer's-cleavers, Galium tinctorium. long, large, + ovç (ùr-), ear.] Abnormal size madder-bleach (mad'fer-blech), n. Originally, bling the Mseandrinidse, a family of corals. m£android (me-an'droid), a. [Gr. paiavSpof, of the ears. a very thorough bleaching process to which macrotrachelous (mak"rô-trâ-kê'lus), a. [Gr. cotton cloth was subjected before it was a meander, + elöot;, form.] Having the form of a meander, as a brain-coral. paicpAç, long,+ Tpâxv?J>ç, neck, + -OÎÎS.] Hav- printed with madder: now used in many cotAporose, mainly colonial corals, massive, branching, or ing the preintestinal longer than the postanal ton-bleacheries to designate the most thorough m&android. Encyc. Brit., XXV. 462. part of the body, as certain rotifers, form of cotton-bleaching. maestrale (mä-es-frrä'le), a. [It., < maestro, macrotypal (mak'rô-tï-pal), a. [macrotype + In calico-printing with alizarine colors, or in fact with master.] See stretto. -oil.] 'Relating or pertaining to a macrotype : any colors where a particularly clear and white ground Maestrichtian (mäs-trieh'ti-an), n. [Maesas, the macrotypal arrangement of the mesen- is desired the madder-bleach is used. In geol., the designation of a teries in anthozoans. X. A. Olney, Textile Chem. and Dyeing, II. 48. tricht + -i«M.]

Maestrichtian s u b s t a g e of t h e Cretaceous in Belgium a n d n o r t h e r n F r a n c e : equivalent t o Maestricht beds (which see, u n d e r bed1). m a f f i a (ma'fi-a or m a - f e ' a ) , n. [Also mafia (N. E. D. t I n t e r n a t . Encyc.); = F . maffia (Larousse), < It. maffia, ( m a r k e d maffia, Edgren), a Sicilian word of obscure origin not in t h e local glossaries a n d only l a t e l y i n s e r t e d in I t a l i a n dictionaries."! 1. I n Sicily, (a) a gene r a l s e n t i m e n t of hostility to legal r e s t r a i n t or punishment-, or to t h e invoking of t h e law f o r a n y p u r p o s e ; also, (b) t h e collective n u m b e r of those who sympathize w i t h this hostility a n d o f t e n express it by criminal a c t s . — 2 . A s u p p o s e d wide-spread secret society of Sicilians, or other Italians, leagued in opposition to the laws or for purposes of revenge b y assassination. [This is t h e sense reflected in t h e American n e w s p a p e r s since 1888.]

magicalized, p p r . magicalising. [magical To invest with a m a g i c a l charm. [Kare.]

a magazine for keeping small quantities of ammunition for immediate use, as distinguished from a storage magazine.—Maga-

zine flOOd-pipe. See *flood-pipe. m a g a z i n e - c o c k (mag-a-zen'kok), w. A cock or valve i n a n ammunition-room which, w h e n opened, p e r m i t s sea-water t o flow f r o m t h e m a g a z i n e flood-pipe i n t o t h e room a n d to flood t h e a m m u n i t i o n in case of fire on b o a r d t h e vessel. m a g a z i n e - d r e s s ( m a g - a - z e n ' d r e s )> n. A special woolen outside dress w i t h slippers w o r n b y m e n w h o h a n d l e powder in a m a g a zine. m a g a z i n e - f u s e ( m a g - a - z e n ' f u z ) , n. A d e v i c e f o r p r o t e c t i n g electric circuits f r o m excessive currents, in which, when t h e f u s e is melted, it is replaced a u t o m a t i c a l l y b y a n o t h e r , m a g a z i n e - p a s s a g e ( m a g - a - z ^ ' p a s ^ a g ) , n. On shipboard, a n alleyway in t h e m a g a z i n e ; a Here and there it [the insurrection in Sicily] was small p a s s a g e w a y cut off f r o m t h e magazine based upon a bastard Socialism, in other places it was p r o p e r b u t c o m m u n i c a t i n g with it by small made a means of municipal party warfare under the guidance of the local maffia. Encyc. Brit., XXIX. C49. doors. // The Maffia is not, as is generally believed, one vast m a g a z i n e - p i s t o l (mag-a-zen'pis tol), n. A resociety of criminals, b u t is rather a sentiment akin to p e a t i n g p i s t o l ; a pistol which h a s a m a g a z i n e arrogance which imposes a special line of conduct upon c o n t a i n i n g a n u m b e r of cartridges which a r e persons affected by it. In substance the maffioso consid- fed a u t o m a t i c a l l y into t h e chamber so t h a t all ers it dishonourable to have recourse to lawful authority of t h e m m a y b e fired in r a p i d succession. to obtain redress for a wrong or a crime committed against him. 6. Mosca, in Encyc. Brit., X X X I I . 613. M a g d a l e n i a n (mag-da-le'ni-an), a. a n d n. [See m a f f i c k ( m a f ' i k ) , v. i. [ A b a c k - f o r m a t i o n f r o m magdalvn.] I. a. Ingeol., n o t i n g o n e of t h e divi•mafficking, t a k e n a s a v e r b a l n o u n . ] To give sions of t h e postglacial series in F r a n c e , b a s e d w a y t o a f r e n z y of e n t h u s i a s m ; celebrate a upon t h e c h a r a c t e r a n d w o r k m a n s h i p of t h e victory w i t h a delirious u p r o a r . [Slang, E n g . ] h u m a n relics t h e y contain. T h e n a m e is deThe word had its origin in the scenes witnessed in Lon- rived f r o m t h e caves of L a Madeleine in don on May 18, 1900, t h e night after the raising of the siege of Mafeking was announced. . . . And because t h e P^rigord, where well-finished flints a r e found It {ielebration was so utterly unprecedented, because such associated w i t h carved b o n e a n d ivory. scenes had been supposed to be impossible in London, or is equivalent to t h e * Glyptic period. anywhere else where English is spoken, there was no word I I . n. T h e paleolithic epoch described to describe it. Afterward, therefore, when the London mob has shown a disposition to celebrate in a similar above. manner, a brand-new word has been employed to describe M a g e l l a n i a (maj-e-la-'ni-a), n. [NL,,< Magellan these manifestations of enthusiasm —the word 'mttftirJc.' (in allusion t o t h e Strait's of M a g e l l a n ? ) . ] A X. }'. Times, July 6,'l9(>2. genus of brachiopods h a v i n g a long and deeply m a f f i c k ( m a f ' i k ) , n. [ m a f f i c k , ?'.] A particu- reflected loop. I t a p p e a r e d in J u r a s s i c time, lar act of mafficking. See * m a f f i c k , v, [Slang, a n d still exists i n s o u t h e r n seas. Eng.] The Peace ' maffick' has not yet been completely worked of!. Westminster Gazette, J u n e 4,1902, p. 7. X. E. D.

magnet

759

magazine, ».—Expense magazine,

The landscape, up to this point so Greek in its clear beauty, is suddenly magicalised by t h e romance touch.

M. Arnold, Celtic Lit., p. 122. m a g i r i c (ma-jl'rik), a. [Gt. nayetpiK6$, fiayetpo^ a cook, also a b u t c h e r , earlier ( b y etym.) a baker, lit. ' k n e a d e r / < /idacetvy k n e a d : see mass2, n . ] Of or p e r t a i n i n g t o cookery. Soyer. N. E. D. m a g i x i s t (ma-ji'rist), n. [magir-ic + -ist.] A n e x p e r t in magirology. m a g i r o l o g y (ma-ji-rol'o-ji), n. [Gr. fiayeipog, a cook, -I- oyia, < Aeyeiv, speak.] The a r t of cookery. [ R a r e . ] magistrate, Glasgow magistrate, a red herring. m a g i s t r a t i a l (maj-is-tra'shia]), a. [Irreg. < magistrate 4- -ial.] S a m e as magisterial. [ R a r e . ] Then nodding with a magutratial air, To farther anecdote he eall'd the fair. Wotcot, Bozzy and Piozzi, ii.

m a g n a c u m laud© (mag 7 mil k u m l a ' d e ) . [L.] W i t h g r e a t p r a i s e : a p h r a s e used in conferring a degree which h a s b e e n t a k e n with high honors. m a g n a l i u m (mag-na'li-um), n. [NL., < L. magnus, g r e a t . ] A n alloy of aluminium a n d m a g n e s i u m combined in v a r y i n g proportions. Magnalium c o n t a i n i n g 25-30 per cent, of magnesium is not affected b y air or w a t e r a n d gives good c a s t i n g s ; with 7^—10 per cent, of m a n g a n e s e , it t a k e s on a good polish and is suitable f o r bells. The alloy also possesses g r e a t ductility a n d its melting-point lies bet w e e n 600° a n d 700° C. M a g n e r ' s h i t c h . Same as Magnus hitch (which see, u n d e r hitch). Magnesia bleach-liquor. Same as -trmagnesium hypochlorite.— Magnesia nigra, an early name for pyrolusite or black oxid of manganese, for a long time looked upon as an inferior kind of magnetite or lodestone, incapable of attracting i r o n . — M a g n e s i a s o a p . See

irsoap.—Magnesia usta, an old pharmaceutical name for magnesium oxid produced by heating magnesium carbonate or magnesia alba. More commonly called

calcined magnesia.—Sorel's magnesia cement. See

Magellanian (maj- or mag-e-la'ni-an), a. -kecment.—Milk of magnesia. See -km,ilk.

Same as *Magellanic, 2.—Magellanian aeries. M a g n e s i c o x y c h l o r i d . S a m e as *magnesium oxychlorid. See if ser ie 8. m a f f i c k e r ( m a f ' i - k e r ) , n. One who 'mafficks,' 2. P e r t a i n i n g t o t h e region in magnesiferous (mag-ne-sif'e-rus), a. [magor celebrates a j o y f u l e v e n t with f r e n z i e d en- M a g e l l a n i c , t h e vicinity of t h e Straits of Magellan.—Magelnesium + Hi. ferre, b e a r , + -6^6-.] Containing thusiasm. [Slang-, E n g . ] m a f f i c k i n g ( m a f ' i - k i n g ) , n. [ F r o m t h e n a m e of l a n i c J a c k e t , a sailor's watch-coat, with a hood. X. E. D. magnesium as a c o n s t i t u e n t : as, a magnesiferMafeking, a t o w n in South A f r i c a which became Magelona (maj-e-lo'nii), n. [NL.] The typ- ous limestone. f a m o u s in t h e Boer w a r (1899-1900). H e l d by ical a n d sole g e n u s of t h e f a m i l y Magelonidse. Magnesite bricks. See British troops u n d e r Colonel (later Major-Gen- M. pajrillicornis, .of which t h e blood is m a d d e r - m a g n e s i u m , W.—Deville and Caron's magnesium eral) l i . S. S. Baden-Powell, it u n d e r w e n t a se- pink in color, is f o u n d b e t w e e n t i d e - m a r k s process.—See -kprocess.—Gratzel's electrolytic magMiillert n e s i u m p r o c e s s , a process which consists in electrolyzing vere siege b y t h e Boers. I t was finally relieved along t h e coast of the U n i t e d States. a bath of carnallite for about thirty-six hours, a current o n May 18, 1900. T h e a n n o u n c e m e n t of t h e 1858. of moderately high tension being employed. The reduced relief of M a f e k i n g p r o d u c e d a n e x t r a o r d i n a r y M a g e l o n i d s e ( m a j - e - l o n ' i - d e ) , v. pi. [NL., magnesium separates in globules which are collected and, o u t b u r s t of popular e n t h u s i a s m in L o n d o n on < Magelona + -idse.~\ A f a m i l y of m a r i n e , on being remelted, yield a chemically pure metal.— t h e n i g h t of May 18. The n a m e was h u m o r - s a n d - i n h a b i t i n g polychsetous worms, h a v i n g Magnesium fluting. See *jf.uHug.—Magnesium y p o c h l o r i t e , a substance used to some extent in ously t r e a t e d as a v e r b a l n o u n in -in \ non-Jewish origin. The supposed miracle- means of making ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen. working cabalists inscribe it upon parch m a f f i o s o ( m a - f i - o ' s o ) , ??.; pi. maffiosi (-se). —Magnesium oxychlorid. This substance, or the V nient along with certain formula? and use it hydroxychlorid, is the essential material of Sorel's cement, [It., < maffia,'] Ono who sympathizes with t h e Mag-en-David, as a protecting a m u l e t The Zionists have used in building and in the manufacture of artificial m a f f i a ; a m e m b e r of t h e maffia. placed the magen-David on their flag. See Zionist -kfiag. stone. Also called magnesic ox-yMorid.—Magnesium m a f o o ( m a - f o ' ) > w. [Chin, ma fit, a groom, Magenta bronze. See tungsten -kbronze. — New mag- p e r o x i d , a substance, >tg02, produced by the interaction servitors in g e n e r a l : ma, horse, + fit, a m a n e n t a , a basic coal-tar color of the tripiienvl-methane type. of sodium dioxid and magnesium sulphate. I t is valuable (servant).] A g r o o m ; b y extension, a coach- I t dyes tannin-mordanted cotton a red which is brighter in the modern use of hydroxy 1 in bleaching, having t h e advantage over the original sodium dioxid of not leaving a m a n . [Anglo-Chinese.] X. and Q., 10th ser., and bluer than magenta. residue of corrosive character injurious to the fabric to I I I . 305. m a g g i o l a t a ( m a j - o - l a ' t a ) , n. [It., < Maggio, be bleached. Also known as magnesium dioxid. < L. Maius, M a y . ] A n I t a l i a n May-day song. —Magnesium pyrophosphate, the salt which is m a g . A n abbreviation of magnetism. left on heating to redness ammoniomagnesiuin orthom a g a l i n e (mag'a-lm), n. [mag(netic) 4- -«- + m a g g o t , 11 Beet leaf-maggot, the larva of an antho- phosphate. I t is the form in which phosphoric acid myiiu fly, Pegomya vicina, which mines the leaves of the is most commonly determined in analysis. ftne2.] A practical u n i t of magnetic flux den- sugar-beet and other closely allied plants. See * Pesity equal to 1,000,000 gausses or lines per u n i t gomya, with cut. — Cabbage-root maggot. Same as n.— Club-foot magnet, a horseshoe magnet of cross-section, cabhaye-maggoL — Corn-stalk maggot. See +corni.magnet, only one leg of which has a magnetizing coil.—Lifting m a g a s t r o m a n c y t (ma-gas'tro-man-si), n. [Gr. — Processional maggots. See snakeworm. — Red m a g n e t , au electromagnet used instead of hooks, chains, a g g o t , the larva of the wheat-midge. See wheat- or clamps in lifting iron or steel sheets, bars, billets, rails, fiayog, magus, + aorpov, star, + ¡xav-tia, divin- m midge, 1, or structural shapes in a crane or derrick. I t is made in a t i o n . ] Magical astronomy. M a g i a n . I. a. 2. [ i . e . ] Magic. [ R a r e . ] many forms adapted to the shapes of the metal to be If there were any congruity or consistency betwixt raised. The magnet, whatever its form, is suspended Will he touch me with his searing hand, . . . prophecy and maga stromancy. from the hoisting wire rope or chains of a traveling crane Or tear me piecemeal with a bony saw, Rev. J. Gaule, The Magastromancer.

X. E. D.

And keep me as a chosen food to draw

His mag-tan fish through hated fire and flame? m a g a u t r a p ( m a g ' a - t r a p ) , n. [mag{azine) + Keats, Endymion, iii. au(to-) + trap1.) A machine for throwing clay pigeons u s e d in trap-shooting. I t conI I . n. 2. [?. c.] A wizard. t a i n s a m a g a z i n e f r o m which t h e pigeons are Magic parallelepiped, photograph. See -kparaMelepiped, ^photograph. — Magic square (general and discharged automatically. During the day others shot at targets from the magau• ordinary ). See ^squarei. •trap. Forest and Stream, Feb. 21, 1903, p. 159. m a g i c a l i z e (maj'i-kal-iz), v. t.; p r e t . a n d pp.

or the boom of a derrick, and is supplied w ith current through wires. The man who operates the crane controls the current by a small switch. When the magnet touches the metal to be lifted and the current is turned on, the magnet holds the metal until t h e current is cut off. — M o l e c u l a r m a g n e t s , molecules of a substance, such aa iron, each of which, according t o Ewing's theory of magnetism, has a north and south pole. The phenomenon of magnetism consists of these molec-

Magnolia

760

magnet

ular magnets being placed with their poles pointing in sûmes t o cure disease "by m e a n s of so-called magneto-therapy (mag^ne-to-ther'a-pi), n. t h e same direction. m a g n e t i c passes, m a g n e t i z e d w a t e r , etc. The use of m a g n e t i s m in t h e t r e a t m e n t of W. Watson, Text-book of Physics, p. 729. disease. N o r m a l m a g n e t , a magnet the dimensions of which are Lancet, J u n e 16, 1900, p. 1761. such as to give the greatest attractive force at the ends m a g n e t o , n. 2. Specifically, the electric gen- m a g n e t r o p i s m (mag-net'ro-pizm) ? n. [Short possible with a given weight of i r o n . — ' V i b r a t i o n - m a g - erator used as the source of t h e c u r r e n t in f o r *magnetotropism, < (xayvyq, magnet, + n e t , a suspended magnet from the rate of vibration of internal-combustion motors (the engines of rpdiroc, a t u r n i n g , + A n alleged change which the relative intensity of the field in which it swings motor-ears in particular) t o cause t h e s p a r k of direction of growth of organisms u n d e r t h e is determined, or from the vibration of which one of t h e elements for the computation of the absolute horizontal which ignites t h e combustible mixture. The action of a m a g n e t . intensity of the earth's magnetic field is derived. magneto, which is in effect a dynamo, is driven f r o m the and supplies current through a small storage m a g n e t - W i r e (inag'net-wir), n. W i r e of t h e magnetarium ( m a g - n e - t a ' r i - u m ) , t t . ; p i . mag- motor-shaft battery» for use in starting or before the magneto arma- sort commonly used in w i n d i n g electromagnetaria (-a). f N L . ] A n i n s t r u m e n t d e v i s e d ture reaches speed. The magneto is not liable to stop- n e t s a n d similar a p p a r a t u s ; copper wire w i t h b y H . W i l d e ( 1 8 9 0 ) f o r i l l u s t r a t i n g s o m e of t h e page of its current, nor to change of voltage, and the p h e n o m e n a of t e r r e s t r i a l m a g n e t i s m . I t c o n - renewal of the battery-cell is eliminated. See -kignition, a t h i n i n s u l a t i n g layer of cotton or silk, s i s t e d of a g l o b e s u r r o u n d e d w i t h a c o i l of w i r e 5, and iatemal-combustion -kraotur. magnicaudate (mag-ni-ka'dat), a. [L. maga n d a n outer concentric globe representing the magneto-acoustic (magyne-tô-a-kos'tik), a. nus, great, 4- E. caudate.'} H a v i n g a largo earth's surface. M a g n e t i c a l l o y , an alloy which may be produced from Of or p e r t a i n i n g t o m a g n e t i c a n d also t o tail. non-magnetic metals by melting together copper, man- acoustic p r o p e r t i e s of a s u b s t a n c e : as, t h e m a g n i f i c a t i o n , n. 4. In t h e theory of optical ganese, and aluminium in the proportion of about CO, 27, magneto-acovstic quality of a telephone dia- images, t h e ratio f / x or x ' / f , where f is t h e and 13 per cent., in the order n a m e d . — m a g n e t i c c h u c k , p h r a g m . Elect. World and Engin., A u g . 29, focal l e n g t h of t h e object-space of the optical clutch, conductivity. See -kckucki, etc.—Magnetic system and x t h e distance of t h e object from c o n c e n t r a t i o n , the process of separating the magnetic 1903,' p. 340. 7 m a g n e t o a l t e r n a t e r ( m a g netô a l ' t è r - n a - t h e principal focal p l a n e of t h a t space, or from the non-magnetic particles of an ore by t h e action of a magnetic field.—Magnetic c o n c e n t r a t o r , a machine for t é r ) , n. A n a l t e r n a t i n g c u r r e n t , generator, where f ' a n d x ' are the corresponding q u a n concentrating magnetic minerals which occur with non- or motor with p e r m a n e n t field-magnets. tities in t h e i m a g e - s p a c e . — 5 . I n math., in magnetic material. By the use of powerful magnetic fields this method of separation has lately been applied Magneto-cathode rays. See conformal representation, t h e m o d u l u s of t h e to feebly magnetic minerals.—Magnetic c r e e p i n g , the magnetocrystallic (mag^ne-to-kris-tal'ik), a. derivative jj^ = limit~~ —Normal magnificaphenomenon of gradual increase in t h e magnetization of Same nsmagne-erystallic. a specimen of iron when subjected to a Biidden mag- magneto-drop (niag'jie-tô-drop,'/)> An an- t i o n , the magnification obtained from a lens-system netizing force.—Magnetic Curves. (h) Lines of forcc, or m m e i a t o r or drop-signal o p e r a t e d b y a n when the cxit-pupil equals the pupil of the eye. lines of flow, or stream-lines, supposed to emanate from Elect. World and Engin., D e c . magnificative (mag-nif'i-ka-tiv), a. and n. the polar regions of the sun and communicate energy to e l e c t r o m a g n e t . [jnagnijicate + -ive.~\ I . a.' S e r v i n g t o m a g the earth from the sun by the motiou of the ether. The 12, 1903, p . 967. coronal streamers that are seen during solar eclipses have m a g n e t o f r i c t i o n (mag '' no - to - f r i k ' shon), n. n i f y . the curvature of stream-lines and arc therefore assumed A p h e n o m e n o n observed when a n electric disH. n. I n gram,, a n a u g m e n t a t i v e , a word by some to be t r u e magnetic curves in a coronal field

of force.—Magnetic detector. See *detector.—Magn e t i c e x p l o r e r , a device for exploring t h e magnetic field. It consists of a spiral of bismuth the resistance of which varies with the strength of the field, or sometimes of a small, flat coil of wire of known dimensions in circuit with a ballistic galvanometer.—Magnetic f a t i g u e . See -kfatigue.—Magnetic flux. See •kmagnetism., 1.— M a g n e t i c f r i n g e , that portion of the magnetic field of a generator, motor, or electromagnet which extends into the air-space outside of the edges or horns of the pole-

pieces f the machine.—Magnetic hammer, hysteresis,latitude, loop, etc. Seeithammeri, etc.—Magnetic permeance. See -kmagnetism,^.—Magnetic permeation, perturbation, phantom, polarization, pole, pressure, pulley, reactance. See -kpermeation, etc. —Magnetic reluctivity. See •kmagnetmn, l.—Magnetic resistivity, resonance, retardation, saturation, etc. See irresistioitp, etc.—Magnetic separator. (6) Same as -kmagnetic concentrator.—Magnetic

Shield,

shoal shunt, etc. See k shield, etc,—Open magnetic circuit. See -kcircuit..—Solar magnetic period. See •kperiod. — Unit of magnetic flux. See -kunit.—Unit magnetic reluctance. See -kreluctance.

magnetiferous magnes

(magnet-),

( m a g - n e - t i f ' e - r u s ) , a. [L. m a g n e t , + ferre, bear, +

-ozi-9.] H a v i n g m a g n e t i c properties, m a g n e t i f i c a t i o n ( m a g - n e t ^ i - f i - k a ' s h o n ) , n. T h e production of m a g n e t i c flux; m a g n e t i zation.

charge is a c t e d upon by a p o w e r f u l m a g n e t i c field.

expressive of i n c r e a s e d or large s i z e : opposed t o diminutive. Whitney, Life a n d Growth of L a n g . , xi. 214. He [H. Pellat] describes how the positive column is squeezed together into a thin pencil and calls this phe- magnipotence (mag-nip'o-teris), n. [magninomenon magneto-friction. potent) + -ce.J The possession of g r e a t Sci. Amer. Sup., Juno 20,1903, p. 22969. power. [ R a r e . ]

magnetographic (mag'ne-tô-graf'ik), a.^ [L. magnes

(magnet-),

magneto-inductive (mag//ne-tô-in-duk'tiv), a. Of or p e r t a i n i n g to m a g n e t i c induction Maçneto-inductive capacity, magnetic induction per unit of magnetizing force ; permeability. magnetometer, «.—Differential magnetometer,

an instrument for testing the permeability of iron by means of a balanced, divided magnetic circuit : analogous in principle to t h e Wheatstone bridge. — V i b r a t i o n m a g n e t o m e t e r , a'magnetometer of which the time of vibration is lengthened by attaching a plumb-bob to t h e magnet.

magnetijied,

p p r . magnetifying.

render magnetic ; magnetize.

magnetism,

[magnet.'}

[Rare.]

To

n. 1. As in the electric circuit so in the magnetic circuit there exists a quantity component, the magnetic current, or magnetic flux, measured in lines of magnetic force, and a pressure component, the imagnetomotive force, measured in absolute units, or frequently in ampere-turns. The ratio of magnetomotive force divided by magnetic flux is called the magnetic resistance or reluctance, and its reciprocal is called the permeance. Magnetizing force is the magnetomotive force per unit length of magnetic circuit; magnetic induction is the magnetic flux per unit Bection ; reluctivity is the reluctance, and permeability t h e permeance per unit volume. To produce a magnetic circuit energy is required, which is partly or completely returned when t h e magnetic circuit is destroyed. No energy is required to maintain the magnetic circuit. Magnetic materials—that is, materials of high permeability, as iron, nickel, and cobalt—remain permanently magnetized after withdrawing t h e exciting magnetomotive force. The remaining permanent magnttism is called the remanent magnetism., t h e permanent magnetomotive force the coercive force. The coercive force, therefore, equals t h e magnetomotive force which has to be applied in the opposite direction to destroy the remanent magnetism. (See magnetic •khysteresis.) The magnetic permeability, or conductivity for magnetism, is practically the same for all substances, with very few exceptions (the so-called magnetic substances), in which it is from hundreds to thousands of times greater. The magnetic substances are iron, cobalt, nickel, magnetite, liquid oxygen, and certain alloys of unmagnetic metals, as copper manganese and aluminium. All the other substances differ from one another in permeability only by a fraction of 1 per cent,., and are called paramagnetic or diamagnetic, according as they are of higher or lower permeability than. air.

adv.

By a m a g n e t o metric m e t h o d or process,

An

electric m o t o r t h e field of which is f u r n i s h e d by permanent magnets.

magneto-optical (mag^ne-tô-op'ti-kal), a. Of

or p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e influence of t h e m a g n e t i c field u p o n optical p h e n o m e n a or to optical p h e n o m e n a d e p e n d e n t u p o n m a g n e t i c action ; specifically, p e r t a i n i n g to t h e power of t h e m a g n e t i c field to causo r o t a t i o n of t h e p l a n e of polarization of light ; magneto-optic,

magneto-phonograph (mag^ne-tô-fô'nô-gràf),

n. I n elect., a p h o n o g r a p h which records speech magnetically. I t consists of a very small m a g n e t a t t a c h e d t o a d i a p h r a g m a n d a c t i n g on a moving steel t a p e or wire which is m a g n e t i z e d in waves b y t h e vibrations of t h e m a g n e t w h e n some one speaks against t h e diaphragm. I n repeating, t h e m a g n e t i z e d steel tape, moving i n f r o n t of t h e magnet, sets t h e m a g n e t , a n d t h e r e b y t h e diaphragm, in vibration a n d r e p r o d u c e s t h e sound. Trans. Amer.

Inst.

Elect.

Engin.,

1901, p . 47.

magneto-regulator (mag^ne-to-reg'^-la-tor),

(mag-nip'o-tent), a.

(-ent-),

< ma gnus,

[NL.

great,

4-

*magpotens?

Having great strength

Satan, as he is a spirit, is magnipotent, b u t he never was omnipotent; and therefore there may be, and are, abundance of fine things which such People expect of him. Defoe, System of Alagick, iii.

magnitude,

«.—Algebraic magnitude, a magnitude considered as negative or positive. This character is usually indicated by a qualitative use of the algebraic signs -i- and —.—Intensive magnitude, a magnitude

which evinces degrees of ' m o r e ' and 'less,' but which i& not a measurable magnitude or quantity. Thus, sensations are intensive magnitudes, since they are directly given as 'louder,' 'weaker,' 'brighter,' 'fainter,' 'colder,' etc.; b u t they are not quantities, since a ' l o u d ' sensation is not the sum of so-and-so many ' w e a k ' sensations, and the difference between a ' l o u d ' and a ' w e a k ' sensation cannot itself be represented as a sensation-magnitude made up of Bo-and-so many sensation-units.— M e d i a n m a g n i t u d e , in tiol., one above which and below which equal numbers of the variates o c c u r . — S t a r m a g n i t u d e . On the absolute scale (see magnitude, ft), Aldebaran istaken as the standard first-magnitude star and the scale is carried downward for the fainter stars. The equation which connects the magnitudes of two stars with their bm 4 relative brightness is log = — (n-m), in which m is the magnitude of the brighter star, and n t h a t of thefainter one, while bm and bn are their respective brightnesses. In applying the scale to objects brighter than Aldebaran fractional and negative numbers must be used. Thus the magnitude of Vega is 0.3; that of Arcturus is + 0.0; of Canopus—1.0; of Sirius,—1.4; of Venus,, when brightest, about — 4.0. That of the sun would be about — T h e earlier observers, Ilerschel, Struve, and Argdander, used scales of their own, differing widely for the telescopic stars. The absolute scale most nearly agrees with Argelander's, the standard first magnitude having been selected to secure such accordance as far as possible.

magnitudinous magnitudo

(-din-),

(mag-ni-tii'di-nus), a. greatness,

+

-ows.]

[L. Hav-

n. A n electric p o t e n t i a l regulator, con- i n g t h e quality of g r e a t n e s s in size, amount, sisting of t w o s t a t i o n a r y coils at r i g h t angles, importance, etc. [Rare.] a p r i m a r y a n d a secondary, a n d an iron core m a g n i u m (mag'ni-um), n. [NL. (Davy, 1808), A f o r m e r n a m e of t h e w h i c h is' moved to change t h e p a t h of t h e < magn(esia) + -inm.] m a g n e t i c flux a n d t h e r e b y varies t h e secon- element m a g n e s i u m . d a r y voltage or potential, magnochromite ( m a g - n o - k r o ' m l t ) , n. [ m a g -

magnetostatic (mag*'ne-to-stat'ik), a. Of or p e r t a i n i n g to a m a g n e t i c field whose lines are stationary.

m a g n e t o s t a t i c s ( m a g ^ n e - t o - s t a f i k s ) , n. T h a t p a r t of t h e science of m a g n e t i s m which deals ization by separate touch, a method of magnetizing w i t h stationary m a g n e t i c fields,

a bar of iron or steel in which two magnets are used. T h e y are placed with opposite poles together at the center of the bar to be magnetized, and are simultaneously drawn apart along the bar. magnetize, V, t.—Unit of magnetizing force. See

nipotens

powerful, See potent.'] a n d power.

magnetomotive, a. — unit of magnetomotive force. See -kunit.

magnetization, «.—Longitudinal magnetization,

magnetization of a bar or ring such that lines of flux are parallel to the axis of t h e magnetized b o d y . — M a g n e t -

magnipotent

magnetometrically (mag^ne-tô-met'ri-kal-i), magneto-motor (mag'ne-to-mo^tor), ïi.

m a g n e t i f y ( m a g - n e t ' i - f i ) , v. t. j p r e t . and pp,

Jehovah's mild magnipotence Smiles to behold His children play In their own free and childish way. Coventry Patmore, in Macmillan's ilag., Dec., 1861, 114.

m a g n e t , + ypcitpeiv, w r i t e , +

-ic.j Of or p e r t a i n i n g to t h e g r a p h i c a l recordi n g of fluctuations i n t h e i n t e n s i t y of terrestrial m a g n e t i s m .

n(esium) + chromit