Cengage Advantage Books, Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach 9781111343620, 1111343624, 9781111345518, 1111345511, 9781111827779, 111182777X

Table of contents :
Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
About the Authors......Page 8
Brief Contents......Page 11
Contents......Page 13
Preface......Page 21
1 Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context......Page 30
What Is a Psychological Disorder?......Page 31
The Science of Psychopathology......Page 34
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior......Page 36
Stress and Melancholy......Page 37
Treatments for Possession......Page 38
The Moon and the Stars......Page 39
Hippocrates and Galen......Page 40
The 19th Century......Page 41
Consequences of the Biological Tradition......Page 42
Moral Therapy......Page 43
Psychoanalytic Theory......Page 44
Humanistic Theory......Page 49
The Behavioral Model......Page 50
The Present: The Scientific Method and an Integrative Approach......Page 53
Key Terms......Page 54
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 55
2 An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology......Page 58
What Caused Judy's Phobia?......Page 59
Outcome and Comments......Page 61
The Nature of Genes......Page 62
New Developments in the Study of Genes and Behavior......Page 63
The Interaction of Genes and the Environment......Page 64
Epigenetics and the Nongenomic "Inheritance" of Behavior......Page 67
The Central Nervous System......Page 68
The Structure of the Brain......Page 70
The Peripheral Nervous System......Page 72
Neurotransmitters......Page 73
Psychosocial Influences on Brain Structure and Function......Page 79
Interactions of Psychosocial Factors with Brain Structure and Function......Page 81
Comments......Page 82
Conditioning and Cognitive Processes......Page 83
Prepared Learning......Page 84
Cognitive Science and the Unconscious......Page 85
Emotional Phenomena......Page 86
The Components of Emotion......Page 87
Emotions and Psychopathology......Page 88
Voodoo, the Evil Eye, and Other Fears......Page 89
Social Effects on Health and Behavior......Page 90
Life-Span Development......Page 92
Conclusions......Page 94
Summary......Page 95
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 96
3 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis......Page 98
Assessing Psychological Disorders......Page 99
Key Concepts in Assessment......Page 100
The Clinical Interview......Page 101
Behavioral Assessment......Page 104
Psychological Testing......Page 107
Neuroimaging: Pictures of the Brain......Page 112
Psychophysiological Assessment......Page 114
Diagnosing Psychological Disorders......Page 115
Classification Issues......Page 116
Diagnosis before 1980......Page 118
DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR......Page 119
Creating a Diagnosis......Page 123
Beyond DSM-IV: Dimensions and Spectra......Page 125
Summary......Page 126
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 127
4 Research Methods......Page 128
Basic Components of a Research Study......Page 129
Statistical versus Clinical Significance......Page 131
Studying Individual Cases......Page 132
Research by Correlation......Page 133
Research by Experiment......Page 135
Single-Case Experimental Designs......Page 137
Studying Genetics......Page 141
Studying Behavior over Time......Page 143
Studying Behavior across Cultures......Page 145
The Power of a Program of Research......Page 146
Research Ethics......Page 147
Key Terms......Page 149
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 150
5 Anxiety Disorders......Page 152
Anxiety, Fear, and Panic: Some Definitions......Page 153
Causes of Anxiety Disorders......Page 155
Comorbidity with Physical Disorders......Page 158
Clinical Description......Page 159
Causes......Page 161
Treatment......Page 162
Clinical Description......Page 164
Statistics......Page 166
Causes......Page 168
Treatment......Page 170
Clinical Description......Page 173
Statistics......Page 175
Causes......Page 176
Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)......Page 179
Statistics......Page 180
Causes......Page 181
Treatment......Page 182
Clinical Description......Page 184
Statistics......Page 185
Causes......Page 187
Treatment......Page 189
Clinical Description......Page 190
Causes......Page 193
Treatment......Page 194
Summary......Page 197
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 198
6 Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders......Page 202
Hypochondriasis......Page 203
Somatization Disorder......Page 208
Pain Disorder......Page 211
Conversion Disorder......Page 212
Body Dysmorphic Disorder......Page 218
Dissociative Disorders......Page 222
Depersonalization Disorder......Page 223
Dissociative Amnesia......Page 224
Dissociative Fugue......Page 225
Dissociative Identity Disorder......Page 226
Summary......Page 234
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 235
7 Mood Disorders and Suicide......Page 238
Understanding and Defining Mood Disorders......Page 239
An Overview of Depression and Mania......Page 240
The Structure of Mood Disorders......Page 241
Depressive Disorders......Page 242
Additional Defining Criteria for Depressive Disorders......Page 244
Bipolar Disorders......Page 250
Additional Defining Criteria for Bipolar Disorders......Page 251
Prevalence of Mood Disorders......Page 253
Life Span Developmental Influences on Mood Disorders......Page 254
Across Cultures......Page 256
Among Creative Individuals......Page 257
Biological Dimensions......Page 258
Additional Studies of Brain Structure and Function......Page 261
Psychological Dimensions......Page 262
Social and Cultural Dimensions......Page 266
An Integrative Theory......Page 268
Medications......Page 270
Electroconvulsive Therapy and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation......Page 273
Psychological Treatments for Depression......Page 274
Preventing Relapse of Depression......Page 277
Psychological Treatments for Bipolar Disorder......Page 278
Statistics......Page 280
Risk Factors......Page 282
Treatment......Page 284
Key Terms......Page 288
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 289
8 Eating and Sleep Disorders......Page 292
Major Types of Eating Disorders......Page 293
Bulimia Nervosa......Page 295
Anorexia Nervosa......Page 297
Statistics......Page 299
Social Dimensions......Page 303
Biological Dimensions......Page 306
Psychological Dimensions......Page 307
An Integrative Model......Page 308
Psychological Treatments......Page 309
Preventing Eating Disorders......Page 312
Statistics......Page 313
Causes......Page 314
Treatment......Page 316
An Overview of Sleep Disorders......Page 319
Primary Insomnia......Page 320
Primary Hypersomnia......Page 324
Narcolepsy......Page 325
Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders......Page 326
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders......Page 327
Medical Treatments......Page 329
Psychological Treatments......Page 330
Parasomnias and Their Treatment......Page 331
Summary......Page 335
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 336
9 Physical Disorders and Health Psychology......Page 340
Psychological and Social Factors That Influence Health......Page 341
Health and Health-Related Behavior......Page 342
The Physiology of Stress......Page 343
Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Excitement......Page 344
Stress and the Immune Response......Page 346
AIDS......Page 349
Cancer......Page 351
Hypertension......Page 353
Coronary Heart Disease......Page 355
Chronic Pain......Page 357
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome......Page 361
Biofeedback......Page 363
Relaxation and Meditation......Page 364
A Comprehensive Stress- and Pain-Reduction Program......Page 365
Drugs and Stress-Reduction Programs......Page 366
Modifying Behaviors to Promote Health......Page 367
Key Terms......Page 372
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 373
10 Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders......Page 376
What Is Normal Sexuality?......Page 377
Gender Differences......Page 378
Cultural Differences......Page 380
The Development of Sexual Orientation......Page 381
Defining Gender Identity Disorder......Page 382
Causes......Page 383
Treatment......Page 385
An Overview of Sexual Dysfunctions......Page 386
Sexual Desire Disorders......Page 388
Sexual Arousal Disorders......Page 389
Orgasm Disorders......Page 391
Sexual Pain Disorders......Page 392
Medical Examination......Page 394
Causes of Sexual Dysfunction......Page 395
Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction......Page 400
Paraphilia: Clinical Descriptions......Page 403
Voyeurism and Exhibitionism......Page 404
Transvestic Fetishism......Page 405
Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism......Page 406
Pedophilia and Incest......Page 407
Causes of Paraphilia......Page 409
Psychological Treatment......Page 410
Summary......Page 412
Summary......Page 415
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 416
11 Substance-Related and Impulse-Control Disorders......Page 420
Perspectives on Substance-Related Disorders......Page 421
Levels of Involvement......Page 422
Diagnostic Issues......Page 425
Alcohol Use Disorders......Page 426
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Substance Use Disorders......Page 431
Amphetamine Use Disorders......Page 432
Cocaine Use Disorders......Page 433
Nicotine Use Disorders......Page 435
Opioids......Page 437
Marijuana......Page 438
LSD and Other Hallucinogens......Page 440
Other Drugs of Abuse......Page 441
Biological Dimensions......Page 442
Psychological Dimensions......Page 444
Social Dimensions......Page 445
Cultural Dimensions......Page 446
An Integrative Model......Page 447
Biological Treatments......Page 449
Psychosocial Treatments......Page 450
Prevention......Page 453
Intermittent Explosive Disorder......Page 454
Pathological Gambling......Page 455
Trichotillomania......Page 456
Key Terms......Page 458
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 459
12 Personality Disorders......Page 462
Aspects of Personality Disorders......Page 463
Categorical and Dimensional Models......Page 464
Statistics and Development......Page 466
Gender Differences......Page 467
Comorbidity......Page 468
Personality Disorders under Study......Page 469
Paranoid Personality Disorder......Page 470
Schizoid Personality Disorder......Page 472
Schizotypal Personality Disorder......Page 473
Antisocial Personality Disorder......Page 475
Borderline Personality Disorder......Page 482
Histrionic Personality Disorder......Page 485
Narcissistic Personality Disorder......Page 488
Avoidant Personality Disorder......Page 489
Dependent Personality Disorder......Page 490
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder......Page 491
Key Terms......Page 494
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 495
13 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders......Page 498
Early Figures in Diagnosing Schizophrenia......Page 499
Identifying Symptoms......Page 500
Clinical Description, Symptoms, and Subtypes......Page 501
Positive Symptoms......Page 503
Negative Symptoms......Page 504
Schizophrenia Subtypes......Page 506
Other Psychotic Disorders......Page 508
Development......Page 511
Genetic Influences......Page 512
Neurobiological Influences......Page 515
Psychological and Social Influences......Page 519
Biological Interventions......Page 521
Psychosocial Interventions......Page 524
Prevention......Page 527
Summary......Page 528
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 529
14 Developmental Disorders......Page 532
Common Developmental Disorders......Page 533
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder......Page 534
Learning Disorders......Page 540
Autistic Disorder......Page 544
Asperger’s Disorder......Page 548
Treatment of Pervasive Developmental Disorders......Page 549
Intellectual Disability......Page 550
Clinical Description......Page 551
Statistics......Page 553
Causes......Page 554
Treatment of Intellectual Disability......Page 556
Prevention of Developmental Disorders......Page 558
Key Terms......Page 560
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 561
15 Cognitive Disorders......Page 564
Perspectives on Cognitive Disorders......Page 565
Clinical Description and Statistics......Page 566
Prevention......Page 567
Dementia......Page 568
Clinical Description and Statistics......Page 569
Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type......Page 570
Vascular Dementia......Page 572
Dementia Due to Other General Medical Conditions......Page 573
Causes of Dementia......Page 575
Treatment......Page 578
Prevention......Page 581
Amnestic Disorder......Page 582
Key Terms......Page 584
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 585
16 Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues......Page 588
Civil Commitment......Page 589
Criteria for Civil Commitment......Page 590
Changes Affecting Civil Commitment......Page 592
An Overview of Civil Commitment......Page 594
The Insanity Defense......Page 595
Reactions to the Insanity Defense......Page 596
Competence to Stand Trial......Page 598
Mental Health Professionals as Expert Witnesses......Page 599
Research Participants’ Rights......Page 601
Evidence-Based Practice and Clinical Practice Guidelines......Page 602
Conclusions......Page 604
Summary......Page 605
Answers to Concept Checks......Page 606
Glossary......Page 607
References......Page 629
Name Index......Page 705
Subject Index......Page 730