Abnormal Psychology [8 ed.] 1260500187, 9781260500189

Table of contents :
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Author, About the Contributor
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Looking at Abnormality
Abnormality Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People
Defining Abnormality
Mental Illness
Cultural Norms
The Four Ds of Abnormality
Shades of Gray
Historical Perspectives on Abnormality
Ancient Theories
Medieval Views
The Spread of Asylums
Moral Treatment in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
The Emergence of Modern
Perspectives
The Beginnings of Modern Biological Perspectives
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
The Roots of Behaviorism
The Cognitive Revolution
Modern Mental Health Care
Deinstitutionalization
Managed Care
Professions Within Abnormal Psychology
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 2: Theories and Treatment of Abnormality
Approaches Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Steven Hayes
Biological Approaches
Brain Dysfunction
Biochemical Imbalances
Genetic Abnormalities
Drug Therapies
Electroconvulsive Therapy and Newer Brain Stimulation Techniques
Psychosurgery
Assessing Biological Approaches
Psychological Approaches
Behavioral Approaches
Cognitive Approaches
Psychodynamic Approaches
Humanistic Approaches
Shades of Gray
Family Systems Approaches
Third-Wave Approaches
Using New Technology to Deliver Treatment
Sociocultural Approaches
Cross-Cultural Issues in Treatment
Culturally Specific Therapies
Assessing Sociocultural Approaches
Prevention Programs
Common Elements in Effective Treatments
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 3: Assessing and Diagnosing Abnormality
Assessment and Diagnosis Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Marya
Hornbacher
Assessment Tools
Validity
Reliability
Standardization
Clinical Interview
Symptom Questionnaires
Personality Inventories
Behavioral Observation and Self-Monitoring
Intelligence Tests
Neuropsychological Tests
Brain-Imaging Techniques
Psychophysiological Tests
Projective Tests
Challenges in Assessment
Resistance to Providing Information
Evaluating Children
Evaluating Individuals Across Cultures
Diagnosis
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Shades of Gray
The Social-Psychological Dangers of Diagnosis
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 4: The Research Endeavor
Research Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—The Old Order Amish of Pennsylvania
The Scientific Method
Defining the Problem and Stating a Hypothesis
Choosing and Implementing a Method
Shades of Gray
Ethical Issues in Research
Case Studies
Evaluating Case Studies
Correlational Studies
Measuring the Relationship Between Variables
Selecting a Sample
Evaluating Correlational Studies
Epidemiological Studies
Evaluating Epidemiological Studies
Experimental Studies
Human Laboratory Studies
Therapy Outcome Studies
Single-Case Experimental Designs
Animal Studies
Genetic Studies
Family History Studies
Twin Studies
Adoption Studies
Molecular Genetic Studies and Linkage Analyses
Cross-Cultural Research
Meta-Analysis
Evaluating Meta-Analysis
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 5: Trauma, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders
Fear and Anxiety Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—David Beckham, Perfection On and Off the Field
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder
Traumas Leading to PTSD
Theories of PTSD
Treatments for PTSD
Specific Phobias and Agoraphobia
Specific Phobias
Shades of Gray
Agoraphobia
Theories of Phobias
Treatments for Phobias
Social Anxiety Disorder
Theories of Social Anxiety Disorder
Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Theories of Panic Disorder
Treatments for Panic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Theories of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Theories of Separation Anxiety Disorder
Treatments for Separation Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Theories of OCD and Related Disorders
Treatment of OCD and Related Disorders
Anxiety Disorders in Older Adults
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 6: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders
Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Anna O., The Talking Cure
Somatic Symptom Disorders
Somatic Symptom Disorder and Illness Anxiety Disorder
Shades of Gray
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder
Factitious Disorder
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Controversies Around the Dissociative Disorders
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide
Mood Disorders Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Kay Redfield Jamison, An Unquiet Mind
Characteristics of Depressive Disorders
Symptoms of Depression
Diagnosing Depressive Disorders
Prevalence and Course of Depressive Disorders
Shades of Gray
Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder
Symptoms of Mania
Prevalence and Course of Bipolar Disorder
Creativity and the Mood Disorders
Theories of Depression
Biological Theories of Depression
Psychological Theories of Depression
Theories of Bipolar Disorder
Biological Theories of Bipolar Disorder
Psychosocial Contributors to Bipolar Disorder
Treatment of Mood Disorders
Biological Treatments for Mood
Disorders
Psychological Treatments for Mood Disorders
Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy and Family-Focused Therapy
Comparison of Treatments
Suicide
Defining and Measuring Suicide
Understanding Suicide
Treatment and Prevention
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 8: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—John Nash, A Beautiful Mind
Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Course
Positive Symptoms
Negative Symptoms
Cognitive Deficits
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Other Psychotic Disorders
Shades of Gray
Biological Theories
Genetic Contributors to Schizophrenia
Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities
Neurotransmitters
Psychosocial Perspectives
Social Drift and Urban Birth
Stress and Relapse
Schizophrenia and the Family
Cognitive Perspectives
Cross-Cultural Perspectives
Treatment
Biological Treatments
Psychological and Social Treatments
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 9: Personality Disorders
Personality Disorders Along the
Continuum
Extraordinary People—Susanna Kaysen, Girl, Interrupted
General Definition of Personality Disorder
Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster B: Dramatic-Emotional Personality Disorders
Borderline Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Cluster C: Anxious-Fearful Personality Disorders
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Shades of Gray
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 10: Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders
Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Temple Grandin, Thinking in Pictures
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Biological Factors
Psychological and Social Factors
Treatments for ADHD
Shades of Gray
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Contributors to Autism Spectrum Disorder
Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Intellectual Disability
Biological Causes of Intellectual Disability
Sociocultural Factors
Treatments for Intellectual Disability
Learning, Communication, and Motor Disorders
Specific Learning Disorder
Communication Disorders
Causes and Treatment of Learning and Communication Disorders
Motor Disorders
Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
Symptoms of Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Types of Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
The Impact of Gender, Culture, and Education on Neurocognitive Disorder
Treatments for and Prevention of Neurocognitive Disorder
Delirium
Causes of Delirium
Treatments for Delirium
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 11: Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
Disorders of Conduct and Impulse Control Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Ted Bundy, Portrait of a Serial Killer
Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Contributors to Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Shades of Gray
Treatments for Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Contributors to Antisocial Personality Disorder
Treatments for Antisocial Personality Disorder
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 12: Eating Disorders
Eating Disorders Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Fashion Models, Dying to Be Thin
Characteristics of Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder
Obesity
Understanding Eating Disorders
Shades of Gray
Biological Factors
Sociocultural and Psychological Factors
Treatments for Eating Disorders
Psychotherapy for Anorexia Nervosa
Psychotherapy for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-Eating Disorder
Biological Therapies
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 13: Sexual Disorders and Gender Diversity
Sexuality and Gender Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—David Reimer, The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl
Sexual Dysfunctions
Disorders of Sexual Interest/Desire and Arousal
Disorders of Orgasm or Sexual Pain
Causes of Sexual Dysfunctions
Treatments for Sexual Dysfunctions
Considerations for Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual People
Paraphilic Disorders
Fetishistic Disorder and Transvestic Disorder
Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism Disorders
Voyeuristic, Exhibitionistic, and Frotteuristic Disorders
Pedophilic Disorder
Causes of Paraphilias
Treatments for the Paraphilic Disorders
Gender Dysphoria
Contributors to Gender Dysphoria
Treatments for Gender Dysphoria
Chapter Integration
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 14: Substance Use and Gambling Disorders
Substance Use Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Celebrity Drug Abusers
Defining Substance Use Disorders
Depressants
Alcohol
Shades of Gray
Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates
Stimulants
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Nicotine
Caffeine
Opioids
Hallucinogens and PCP
Cannabis
Inhalants
Other Drugs of Abuse
Theories of Substance Use Disorders
Biological Factors
Psychological Factors
Sociocultural Factors
Gender Differences
Treatments for Substance Use Disorders
Biological Treatments
Psychosocial Treatments
Substance Use Treatment for Older Adults
Comparing Treatments
Prevention Programs
Gambling Disorder
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 15: Health Psychology
Stress Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Norman Cousins, Healing with Laughter
Psychological Factors and General Health
Appraisals and Pessimism
Coping Strategies
Shades of Gray
Psychological Disorders and Physical Health
Psychosocial Factors in Specific Diseases
The Immune System
Coronary Heart Disease and Hypertension
Interventions to Improve Health-Related Behaviors
Guided Mastery Techniques
Internet-Based Health Interventions
Sleep and Health
Assessing Sleep
Sleep Disorders
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 16: Mental Health and the Law
Mental Health Law Along the Continuum
Extraordinary People—Greg Bottoms, Angelhead
Civil Commitment
Criteria for Civil Commitment
Violence by People with Mental Disorders
Prevalence of Involuntary Commitment
Patients’ Rights
Right to Treatment
Right to Refuse Treatment
Competence to Stand Trial
The Insanity Defense
Insanity Defense Rules
Problems with the Insanity Defense
Shades of Gray
Guilty but Mentally Ill
Mental Health Care in the Justice System
Chapter Integration
Shades of Gray Discussion
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index