Castrum Portae Jovis Mediolani: Il Castello Visconteo – Sforzesco di Milano dai disegni di Leonardo da Vinci all'Archeologia del Sottosuolo 9781407356129, 9781407356372

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BAR IN TERNATIONA L SE RIE S 2949

‘Oltre che rivolgersi in modo esaustivo ad un pubblico di ricercatori ed esperti in ambito scientifico, il libro è assolutamente leggibile anche per un pubblico di non esperti che può scoprire, grazie alla scrittura scorrevole e alle bellissime immagini, un mondo sconosciuto, che è quello sotterraneo, e soddisfare molte curiosità.’ Prof. Arch. Lola Ottolini, Politecnico di Milano

Il Castello di Milano è un’opera medievale voluta dai Visconti e potenziata dagli Sforza. Oggi è sede di biblioteche, musei e raccolte d’arte, ma rimane una formidabile “macchina da combattimento”, dove hanno lavorato tra i migliori architetti e ingegneri italiani. I soli studi d’epoca medievale riguardanti la Fortezza, a oggi noti, sono di Leonardo da Vinci, il quale ne ha esaminato le difese, comprensive delle parti sotterranee, prospettando i miglioramenti. Trent’anni d’indagini speleologiche condotte innanzitutto nei suoi sotterranei hanno permesso di eseguire le planimetrie dell’articolato sistema, composto anche di canali d’acqua segreti, mettendole a confronto con i disegni leonardeschi. Si è così compreso che una parte della Fortezza non è stata demolita, ma solo “cimata”: oggi nel sottosuolo esiste un patrimonio archeologico, architettonico e artistico inestimabile, ma da recuperare integralmente. Il lavoro presenta un metodo d’indagine multidisciplinare che può essere facilmente applicato allo studio di ogni altra fortificazione europea. The castle of Milan is a medieval work commissioned by the Visconti and developed by the Sforza. Today it is intended for cultural functions but its origins are those of a formidable “combat machine”. Some of the best Italian architects and engineers worked on the creation of the castle. The only studies known about the fortress, belonging to the medieval age, are by Leonardo da Vinci. He examined the defences, including the underground parts, looking for improvements. Thirty years of speleological investigations, first of all conducted in its basements, and also concerning secret water channels, have allowed us to carry out the plans of the complex system and to compare them with Leonardo’s drawings. This has made it clear to the author that a part of the Fortress has not been demolished, but only “cut” in the surface. Today there is an invaluable archaeological, architectural and artistic heritage to be fully recovered. The work presents a method of multidisciplinary investigation that can be applied to the study of any other European fortification. Gianluca Padovan, veronese, speleologo, scrittore, fondatore e presidente della Associazione Speleologia Cavità Artificiali Milano (S.C.A.M.). Cofondatore della Federazione Nazionale Cavità Artificiali (F.N.C.A.) e condirettore della Collana “Hypogean Archaeology” della serie internazionale dei British Archaeological Reports di Oxford ha promosso la nuova disciplina per lo studio e la documentazione delle Cavità Artificiali a livello internazionale. E’autore e coautore di numerosi libri sia a carattere scientifico sia divulgativo, stampati con case editrici italiane ed estere. Gianluca Padovan, veronese, speleologist, writer, founder and president of the Associazione Speleologia Cavità Artificiali Milano (S.C.A.M.). Co-founder of the Federazione Nazionale Cavità Artificiali (F.N.C.A.) and co-director of “Hypogean Archaeology” international series of the British Archaeological Reports. He has promoted the new discipline for the documentation of Underground Structures internationally. He is an author and co-author of numerous books, both scientific and disclosure, printed with Italian and foreign publishers.

BAR  S2949  2019  PADOVAN  Castrum Portae Jovis Mediolani

‘The work is truly original. … Padovan’s way of writing stimulates the desire to understand more what is still unexplored.’ Prof. Ing. Franco Guzzetti, Politecnico di Milano

HYPOGEAN ARCHAEOLOGY Research and Documentation of Underground Structures Edited under the Aegis of the Federazione Nazionale Cavità Artificiali (F.N.C.A.) No 14

Castrum Portae Jovis Mediolani Il Castello Visconteo – Sforzesco di Milano dai disegni di Leonardo da Vinci all’Archeologia del Sottosuolo

Gianluca Padovan

B A R I N T E R NAT I O NA L S E R I E S 2 9 4 9

2019

HYPOGEAN ARCHAEOLOGY Research and Documentation of Underground Structures Edited under the Aegis of the Federazione Nazionale Cavità Artificiali (F.N.C.A.) No 14

Castrum Portae Jovis Mediolani Il Castello Visconteo – Sforzesco di Milano dai disegni di Leonardo da Vinci all’Archeologia del Sottosuolo

Gianluca Padovan

B A R I N T E R NAT I O NA L S E R I E S 2 9 4 9

2019

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Fig. II.74. La Porta-torre Centrale presenta all’interno della scarpa un locale casamattato per due pezzi d’artiglieria (denominato “Piccola Cannoniera”), la cui funzione era di tenere sotto tiro il piede della cortina (rilievo dell’Associazione S.C.A.M., Milano 1988; Archivio S.C.A.M.). La costruzione della Torre Bona di Savoia va poi a chiudere il campo di tiro lungo un lato. Come si può vedere nella sezione CC’ la casamatta è dotata di un fumante e al centro dell’ambiente rimangono due elementi cilindrici di granito che probabilmente servivano alla movimentazione dei pezzi d’artiglieria. Oggi la casamatta è accessibile attraverso un’apertura circolare situata nella volta.

Fig. II.75. Accesso al locale casamattato attraverso un oculo circolare realizzato nella volta (foto 1988).

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Fig. IV.114. Galleria e Torre della Colubrina (rilievo dell’Associazione S.C.A.M., Milano 1990; Archivio S.C.A.M.), già trattata nel II Capitolo. Dettaglio dei tre piani della Torre: l’intermedio (quota 121,35 m su interro) ha un diametro di 4,8 m e l’inferiore (quota 117,54 su interro) di 4,83 m; si noti che in quest’ultimo la presa d’aria è lunga poco più di 5 metri. Anche in questo caso, lo si ribadisce, l’indagine G.P.R. potrebbe verificare l’eventuale esistenza di un piano sottostante. Non solo: si potrebbe capire, oltre che mediante lo sterro esterno, quanto in effetti sia larga la struttura della torre e se effettivamente attorno a quanto conosciuto siano state addossate le opere sforzesche. A sinistra, nella pianta a quota 122 m, il cunicolo di demolizione in rottura di muro, con pianta ad “elle”, è andato ad intercettare, la profonda feritoia originaria, rendendola oggi percorribile. Tutti e quattro i cunicoli di demolizione presentano le scanalature verticali per la chiusura, da applicare nella fase finale d’intasamento della mina.

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Fig. IV.115. Galleria Vercellina e Stanza del Metrò (rilievo dell’Associazione S.C.A.M., Milano 1990; Archivio S.C.A.M.). La Galleria prende il nome dal Rivellino omonimo e consentiva l’accesso alla Galleria di Controscarpa, al piano terreno della Ghirlanda e al primo piano fuori terra della Torre sud-ovest della Ghirlanda. Gli ingressi sono oggi murati, così come la galleria che si connetteva al sistema difensivo delle casematte costruite nella cortina. Una breve galleria munita di profonda presa d’aria la unisce al grande ambiente denominato Stanza del Metrò, in quanto un lato è tamponato da un muro in cemento armato oltre il quale corre la linea metropolitana. La stanza era provvista di un soppalco ligneo e i resti dei pali di sostegno sono ancora alloggiati nei loro fori a pavimento. 227

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Fig. V.3. Cisterna S.C.A.M. In posizione retrostante lo spazio che doveva occupare la Porta-torre “del Filarete” vi è un grande ambiente sotterraneo, riutilizzato nella seconda metà del XIX secolo come cisterna e verosimilmente dal Corpo dei Pompieri che nel Castello aveva sede. Vi si accede attraverso una grata a pavimento che lascia scendere lungo una scalinata tronca (Sez. A’-A), oppure dall’opposto lato attraverso un comune tombino stradale (Sez. B’-B). L’ambiente misura 11,2 X 6,6 m ed è alto 4,4 m. Le pareti e la grande volta a botte in mattoni a vista recano inequivocabili segni di rimaneggiamenti, tra cui lo strato di malta idraulica che impermeabilizza il pavimento e le pareti per un’altezza di poco superiore ai 2 m. L’opera è stata individuata ed esplorata nel 1988, mentre l’anno successivo è stata rilevata anche con l’intervento dello speleosub Amedeo Gambini; nel 1990 una nuova esplorazione della parte sommersa è stata effettua ancora da Gambini e da Roberto Barbierato con Paola Tognini. È oggi alimentata dall’acqua meteorica d’infiltrazione e al momento della prima esplorazione il livello era di quasi due metri. Come si può vedere nel rilievo (Sez. D’-D) uno sfioratore eroso dalla ruggine fuoriesce appena dall’acqua in corrispondenza dell’angolo sud. Chiaramente scarica in un sottostante ambiente o, più probabilmente, in un condotto ad oggi non ancora individuato. In corrispondenza, oltre la parete sud-est, nelle stanze che rimanevano al di sotto dell’originaria Porta-torre, vi è un lungo e stretto ambiente, frutto della divisione di uno maggiore mediante una spessa muratura, da noi denominato Galleria delle Chiuse: difatti un piccolo vano laterale aveva a pavimento un paio di volantini per azionare manualmente altrettante saracinesche. Lungo la parte Sud (Sez. D’-D) vi è un accenno di cunicolo murato, che un tempo conduceva nella Galleria delle Chiuse. Si è sempre fatto presente che se la sua tamponatura dovesse cedere, date le vistose crepe, l’acqua finirebbe negli adiacenti locali dove vi sono le centraline della corrente a 380 V. La tamponatura est reca un ulteriore passaggio, ma murato a filo della tamponatura stessa. Fino dal 1988 si è segnalato che quest’opera sotterranea andrebbe vuotata e restaurata per poterla studiare e restituire alle sembianze antiche, nonché per andare ad indagare gli ambienti sottostanti e quelli adiacenti (rilievo dell’Associazione S.C.A.M., Milano 1989; Archivio S.C.A.M.).

Fig. V.4. Piazza d’Armi del Castello, anno 1989: lo speleosub Amedeo Gambini compie la prima esplorazione speleosubacquea della Cisterna e assieme a Gianluca Padovan ne esegue il rilievo planimetrico. La quota di superficie di Piazza d’Armi, al di sopra dell’ambiente, è 124,4 m s.l.m., mentre la quota a pavimento della stanza-cisterna, in corrispondenza del tombino, è 118,68 m s.l.m. (foto Archivio S.C.A.M.).

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Figg. VII.9, VII.9a. Planimetria, anche questa non datata, cautamente inquadrabile ai primi del Novecento (Archivio Ass.ne S.C.A.M.). Il sottostante dettaglio del Rivellino di Porta Vercellina e dei resti della Ghirlanda con cui comunica non sono esattamente uguali a quelli della precedente tavola. Le stanze verso nord-ovest non sono proprio identiche e una sola feritoia è disegnata. Occorrerebbe rifare i rilievi planimetrici d’ogni piano e sondare pareti e pavimenti con il georadar. 298

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Fig. VII.34. Galleria dei Tombini situata al di sotto della Strada a Esse (rilievo dell’Associazione S.C.A.M., Milano 1990; Archivio Ass.ne S.C.A.M.).

La Galleria dei Tombini si sviluppa inferiormente alla seconda metà della viabilità verso il Castello, denominata Strada a Esse, la quale principia dal circuito di Piazza Castello all’altezza di Via Giovanni Lanza e termina al di sotto del fossato, a causa del cedimento della volta. Si suppone che tale volta sia stata centrata da una bomba d’aereo nel corso della Seconda Guerra Mondiale; lo sfondamento è stato in seguito riempito con macerie e materiale di risulta.

chiaro che il completo svuotamento consentirebbe di conoscerne lo sviluppo e di studiarla. Tornando alla Strada a Esse si segnala che vi sono due gallerie murate, lasciando intendere che un tempo qui confluivano anche altri canali (figg. VII.38 – VII.40). Consultando alcune carte topografiche del XIX sec. si nota che a seguito dell’abbattimento delle mura bastionate della Fortezza Reale e la costruzione dell’Arena Civica i tracciati della Roggia Rigosella e della Roggia Castello subiscono una modifica in quanto le loro acque vengono utilizzate per il riempimento del bacino interno dell’anfiteatro entrandovi da nord.

Le immagini successive (figg. VII.35, VII.36) mostrano il Castello di Porta Giovia bombardato nel corso della Seconda Guerra Mondiale: l’ala della Biblioteca è andata distrutta con lo sfondamento delle coperture e dei piani, mentre le raccolte soprattutto etnografiche sono state distrutte dall’incendio.

In posizione sud di questo si vede invece che le due rogge si congiungono in un unico alveo il quale si dirige verso il Castello, ma biforcandosi. Tra la fine del XIX sec. e gli inizi del secolo successivo il tracciato è ulteriormente modificato e oggi un solo canale ipogeo arriva ancora in prossimità del Castello, ma in corrispondenza della Torre della Colubrina (figg. VII.41 – VII.63b). Come si è già detto, è possibile che tratti di canalizzazioni poi coperte e abbandonate possano essere rintracciate all’interno dell’odierno Parco Sempione e studiate.

Seppure interrata fino ad oltre i piedritti, la Galleria dei Tombini è oggi visibile per 21,5 metri, è alta all’interro 1,45 m ed è larga 2,33 – 2,38 m. In direzione est, in corrispondenza del pozzetto più largo, la volta a tutto sesto della galleria si abbassa repentinamente per 1,2 m restringendosi, ma proseguendo per almeno altri 3 m quasi completamente interrata (fig. VII.37). L’opera potrebbe essere integralmente recuperata e il cedimento della copertura adeguatamente ripristinato; rimane 313

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Fig. IX. 1. Torrione Sforzesco Est: si noti la feritoia inferiore quasi completamente occlusa (14 febbraio 2019). Con un po’ di buona volontà si potrebbero ripristinare le parti mancanti del rivestimento in bugnato e un elemento di questo giace da 40 anni accanto alla Porta del Carmine. 367

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Fig. IX. 2. Dettaglio del lato est del Rivellino verso la Città della Porta-torre Sud-est (“rivellino leonardesco”) (14 febbraio 2019). Il Rivellino esiste ed è un dato di fatto: va interamente recuperato e studiato.

Fig. IX. 3. Cortina a chiusura del fossato a sud-ovest: la traccia sul muro del Castello indicherebbe la sua originaria altezza; rimane da capire cosa vi sia all’interno e cosa celi inferiormente (21 settembre 2004). 368

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Fig. IX. 8. Planimetria di fine Ottocento che ricostruisce l’assedio sostenuto dalla Fortezza Reale nel 1707. In alto a sinistra è cerchiata un’opera pentagonale, verosimilmente realizzata dagli assedianti. Non si esclude che sul sedime si sia in seguito costruita un’opera permanente, probabilmente inquadrabile tra la fine del XVIII e gli inizi del XIX secolo, forse ad opera dai Francesi o dagli Austriaci. Si troverebbe a sud-ovest del Palazzo della Triennale, tra Viale Molière e il tracciato delle Ferrovie Nord Milano. Invece, appena al di là dei binari e sempre in direzione sud-ovest, all’inizio di Via Venti Settembre abbiamo un “rilievo” trattato a verde pubblico con rocailles attraverso cui si snoda viale Pietro e Maria Curie: potrebbe esservi il sedime di un’altra opera militare. Nella figura, al n. 6 (in alto a sinistra), vi è la chiesa di Santa Maria delle Grazie (Luchino del Majno, Vicende militari del Castello di Milano, op. cit., Tavola II).

Fig. IX.10. Fortino ottocentesco austriaco con opere interrate (Moriz von Brunner, Der Festungskrieg, Wien 1872, Tafel I).

Fig. IX.9. Fortino ottocentesco francese (Simon Pierre De Vernois, De la fortification depuis Vauban. Atlante, Librairie Militaires J. Dumaine, Paris 1861, Pl. 11).

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Fig. IX.11. Rilievo artificiale con rocailles e scalinata situato a lato sud-ovest dei binari delle Ferrovie Nord Milano (13 marzo 2018). In altre parti della città i resti di fortificazioni sono stati adattati a spazi verdi pubblici.

Fig. IX.12. Opera in muratura situata a lato nord-ovest dei binari delle Ferrovie Nord Milano (13 marzo 2018). Il circolino rosso evidenzia una finestrella riquadrata in conci, ma il cui retrostante ambiente non è oggi raggiungibile. 373

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Figg. IX.14, IX.14a, IX.14b. Gatto al Castello di Porta Giovia (7 marzo 2009). Oltre ad essere una piacevole e simpatica presenza, i felini svolgono l’importante ruolo di tenere distanti i topi e i ratti dalla fortezza di Milano. Accanto vi è chi cura da quarant’anni i gatti del Castello: la signora Rosy Sorini. In basso, gatto nero nel fossato.

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Fig. IX.15. Gatti nel fossato del Castello di Porta Giovia (26 giugno 2013).

Fig. IX.16. Gatto nell’unica parte superstite in elevato della cortina della Ghirlanda, mai aperta al pubblico, ma utilizzata come grande contenitore dell’immondizia, invece che contenitore di cultura (26 giugno 2013). 376

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Figg. IX.22, IX.23. Napoli: recupero e musealizzazione di una porzione del Torrione dell’Incoronata. Il pannello esposto in metropolitana recita: «Tra le mura settentrionali e occidentali della cinta bastionata s’innesta il torrione dell’Incoronata che prende il nome dalla vicina chiesa dell’Incoronata in via Medina. Si tratta di una possente struttura circolare, larga alla base circa 40 m, dotata di uno sperone angolare: di essa si è recuperato il basamento a scarpa, risparmiato dalle demolizioni tardo-ottocentesche e intaccato al suo colmo dagli interventi contemporanei» (31 ottobre 2016). 380

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Figg. IX.24, IX.25. Napoli, il Torrione dell’Incoronata; il pannello esposto informa che «All’interno del torrione è stato rinvenuto un vano voltato a pianta rettangolare, sui cui angoli si aprivano le camere di manovra per le bombardiere; le uscite delle bocche da fuoco sono visibili alla base del paramento esterno, per il tiro radente il fondo del fossato» (31 ottobre 2016). 381

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Figg. IX.26, IX.26a. Proposta di recupero del Complesso delle Pompe di Sollevamento (grafica di Davide Padovan).

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Figg. IX.26b, IX.26c. Proposta di recupero del Complesso delle Pompe di Sollevamento (grafica di Davide Padovan).

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Appendice

Le future indagini speleologiche nella Città di Milano non potranno prescindere dall’esplorazione e dalla documentazione delle opere idrauliche d’alimentazione dei fossati difensivi del Castello di Porta Giovia. E mi auguro che qualcuno degli speleologi conosciuti e con cui ho avuto il piacere di collaborare, ma soprattutto quelli ben più giovani di me, possano proseguire le indagini. La tavola rappresenta innanzitutto il tracciato della Roggia Rigosella: un interessante punto d’inizio. Buon Lavoro! (Cittadella degli Archivi e Archivio Civico di Milano). 391

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Castrum Portae Jovis Mediolani *LXOLD%RORJQDIl Castello di Milano. Da fortezza a centro di cultura)HGHULFR0RWWD(GLWRUH0LODQR 3DROR%RVVL6DQWLQR/DQJp)UDQFHVFR5HSLVKWLIngegneri ducali e camerali nel Ducato e nello Stato di Milano (14501706). Dizionario Biobibliografico(GLILU)LUHQ]H 0DULD$QWRQLHWWD%UHGD*LDQOXFD3DGRYDQMilano: Rifugi Antiaerei. Scudi degli Inermi contro l’Annientamento/R 6FDUDEHRHGLWULFH0LODQR 0DULD$QWRQLHWWD%UHGD*LDQOXFD3DGRYDQArcheologia dell’Acqua Potabile a Milano. Dagli antichi pozzi ordinari al moderno sistema di acquedotto urbano+\SRJHDQ$UFKDHRORJ\1%$5,QWHUQDWLRQDO6HULHV2[IRUG 0RUL]YRQ%UXQQHUDer Festungskrieg:LHQ *HURODPR&DOYLI manoscritti di Leonardo da VinciLQ*HURODPR&DOYL$XJXVWR0DULQRQLI manoscritti di Leonardo da Vinci dal punto di vista cronologico e biografico%UDPDQWH(GLWULFH%XVWR$UVL]LRSS &DUOR&DVDWLVicende edilizie del Castello di Milano/LEUHULD(GLWULFHGL*%ULJROD0LODQR $QWRQLR&DVVL5DPHOOLDalle Caverne ai rifugi blindatiULVWDPSD0DULR$GGD(GLWRUH%DUL *LDQ'RPHQLFR&HOOD'DQLHOD*LDUGD%UXQR*XDQHOOD0DUFR5LFFL$QWRQHOOR5L]]LIl Castello di Novara e i suoi sotterranei*UXSSR*URWWH&$,1RYDUD1RYDUD &HVDUH&HVDULDQRVitruvio De Architectura*RWWDUGRGD3RQWH&RPR. *LRYDQQL&LVODJKLLeonardo urbanista e cartografo a Milano, Porta VercellinaLQ(QWH5DFFROWD9LQFLDQDRaccolta Vinciana)DVFLFROR;;,;0LODQRSS &LYLFD$PPLQLVWUD]LRQHMilano 1945-1955&RPXQHGL0LODQR0LODQR *LRYDQQD &RPPDUH WUDGX]LRQH GL La poliorcetica di Apollodoro di Damasco LQ $GULDQR /D 5HJLQD D FXUD GL L’arte dell’assedio di Apollodoro di Damasco6RSULQWHQGHQ]D$UFKHRORJLFDGL5RPD(OHFWD0LODQRSS141143 )ODYLR &RQWL9LQFHQ]R +\EVFK $QWRQHOOR 9LQFHQWLI castelli della Lombardia. Province di Milano e Pavia ,VWLWXWR *HRJUDILFR'H$JRVWLQL1RYDUD %HUQDUGLQR0&RULRL’Historia de Milano6WDPSDULDGL)UDPERWWR3DROR3DGRYD 3LHUR'DPLDQLPalmanova. La storia,VWLWXWRSHUO¶(QFLFORSHGLDGHO)ULXOL9HQH]LD*LXOLD,WDO\ *LXVHSSH GH )LQHWWL Milano costruzione di una città ULVWDPSD *LRYDQQL &LVODJKL 0DUD 'H %HQHGHWWL 3LHUJLRUJLR 0DUDEHOOLDFXUDGL+RHSOL(GLWRUH0LODQR *LXOLR 'HO 3HOR 3DUGL Bonifiche antichissime. La Malaria e i Cunicoli del Lazio $UFKHRORJLD $JUDULD UHYLVLRQL H ULYDOXWD]LRQLVWRULFKH(VWUDWWRGHJOLAtti della Reale Accademia dei Georgofili7LSRJUDILD0DULDQR5LFFL)LUHQ]H 6LPRQ3LHUUH'H9HUQRLVDe la fortification depuis Vauban. Atlante/LEUDLULH0LOLWDLUHV-'XPDLQH3DULV /XFKLQR'HO0D\QRVicende militari del Castello di Milano dal 1706 al 1848 e cenni sulle trasformazioni edilizie del Castello dalla caduta degli Sforza ai nostri giorni di Luca Beltrami8OULFR+RHSOL0LODQR *LDQ $OEHUWR 'HOO¶$FTXD Leonardo e i potenti LQ *LDQ $OEHUWR 'HOO¶$FTXD D FXUD GL Leonardo e Milano %DQFD 3RSRODUHGL0LODQR0LODQRSS 3DQWDOHR'L0DU]RDFXUDGLMilano piante topografiche nel tempo7LSROLWRJUDILD6LJQXP0LODQR $PHOLR )DUD Il sistema e la città. Architettura fortificata dell’Europa moderna dai trattati alle realizzazioni 1464 17946DJHS(GLWULFH*HQRYD $PHOLR)DUDDFXUDGLLeonardo a Piombino. L’idea della città moderna tra Quattro e Cinquecento/HR62OVFKNL (GLWRUH)LUHQ]H 

Bibliografia ,SSROLWR(GPRQGR)HUUDULR*LDQOXFD3DGRYDQAlla scoperta di Milano sotterranea1HZWRQ&RPSWRQ(GLWRUL5RPD  0DULD7HUHVD)LRULRDFXUDGLIl Castello Sforzesco di Milano6NLUDHGLWRUH0LODQR 0LFKHO)OHXU\9HQFHVODV.UXWDLe Château du LouvreeGLWLRQV$WODV3DULV $QWRQHOOR)ORULV'DYLGH3DGRYDQ*LDQOXFD3DGRYDQ“Mediterraneus”LQ&OXE$OSLQLVWLFR7ULHVWLQR±*UXSSR*URWWH ± 6H]LRQHGL5LFHUFKHH6WXGLVX&DYLWj$UWLILFLDOLAtti del IV Convegno Nazionale sulle Cavità Artificiali (Osoppo 3031 Maggio – 1 Giugno 19977ULHVWHSS $QWRQHOOR )ORULV *LDQOXFD 3DGRYDQ Bibliografia delle Cavità Artificiali Italiane (primo contributo) LQ *LRYDQQL 3HQVDEHQH FRRUGLQDPHQWR HGLWRULDOH GL Atti XVII Congresso Nazionale di Speleologia &DVWHOQXRYR *DUIDJQDQD VHWWHPEUH,,YROXPH)LUHQ]HSS *LXVHSSH0DULD)RUQDULCronica del Carmine di Milano Eretto in Porta Comasca, La quale comincia dall’anno 1250, e dura fino dall’anno 1684 divisa in due parti6WDPSDGHO0RQ]DSHU&DUOR)HGHULFR*DJOLDUGL0LODQR *HQLR0LOLWDUHGiornale del Genio Militare5RPD & /*LOORWTraité de fortification souterraine, ou des mines offensive ser défensives0DJLPHOOLEUDLULH3DULV *LRUJLR *LXOLQL Memorie della città e campagna di Milano 9ROXPH 6HVWR &RORPER )UDQFHVFR /LEUDMR(GLWRUH 0LODQR ,VWLWXWRGHOOD(QFLFORSHGLD,WDOLDQDVocabolario della lingua italianaYRO,5RPD ,VWLWXWRGHOOD(QFLFORSHGLD,WDOLDQDVocabolario della lingua italianaYRO,90LODQR 8JKHWWD-DFRPHWWLI sotterranei del castello di Novara, descrizioneLQ**1Labirinti. Bollettino del Gruppo Grotte C.A.I. Novara11RYDUDSS 8JKHWWD-DFRPHWWL%UXQR*XDQHOODI sotterranei del castelloLQ**1Labirinti. Bollettino del Gruppo Grotte C.A.I. Novara11RYDUDSS 6HUYLOLDQR/DWXDGDDescrizione di MilanoWRPR,9*LXVHSSH&DLUROL0HUFDQWHGL/LEUL0LODQR 2VYDOGR/LVVRQL0DULR)DUDIl Castello di Milano5DFFROWDGLPRQRJUDILHVWRULFRDUWLVWLFKHGL/RPEDUGLD90LODQR  7LWR/LYLRStoria di Roma dalla sua fondazione/XFD&DUGLQDOLWUDGX]LRQHHQRWHGLYRO9,,,/LEUL;;;,;;;,,, 5L]]ROL0LODQR 6LOYLD/XVXDUGL6LHQDDFXUDGL “Conserva di giazzo” ghiacciaia del monastero cistercense di Sant’Ambrogio9LWDH 3HQVLHUR0LODQR /XLJL0DULQLArchitettura militare di Francesco de’ Marchi7RPR,3DUWH,0DULDQRGH5RPDQLVH)LJOL5RPD /XLJL 0DULQL Architettura militare di Francesco de’ Marchi 7RPR ,, 3DUWH ,, 0DULDQR GH 5RPDQLV H )LJOL 5RPD  /XLJL 0DULQL Architettura militare di Francesco de’ Marchi 7RPR ,9 3DUWH , 0DULDQR GH 5RPDQLV H )LJOL 5RPD  $XJXVWR0DULQRQLDFXUDGLLeonardo da Vinci. Scritti letterari5L]]ROL(GLWRUH0LODQR 0DULR 0LUDEHOOD 5REHUWL Le fortificazioni romane di Milano LQ 0DULR 0LUDEHOOD 5REHUWL $QWRQHOOR 9LQFHQWL *LDQ 0DULD7DEDUHOOLMilano città fortificataCastella,VWLWXWR,WDOLDQRGHL&DVWHOOL5RPDSS 6WHIDQR 0RUHVFKLQLLuigi XII, Massimiliano I e la Lombardia LQ 0DULQR 9LJDQzDFXUDGL L’architettura militare nell’età di Leonardo$WWLGHOFRQYHJQRLQWHUQD]LRQDOHGLVWXGL/RFDUQR6FXROD0DJLVWUDOHJLXJQR(GL]LRQL &DVDJUDQGH%HOOLQ]RQDSS 

Castrum Portae Jovis Mediolani 0RX]pTraité de fortification souterraine/HYUDXOW6FKRHOOHW&/LEUDLUHVHW0DJLPHO/LEUDLUH3DULV 0XQLFLSLR GL 0LODQR Rapporto dell’Ufficio Tecnico Municipale sui lavori a tutto l’anno 1897 $QWRQLR 9DOODUGL 0LODQR *LDQOXFD 3DGRYDQ D FXUD GL La Speleologia in Cavità Artificiali in Italia. Studi per il Secondo Congresso Internazionale sulle Cavità Artificiali. Parigi 1989&RPPLVVLRQH1D]LRQDOH&DYLWj$UWLILFLDOL0LODQR *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQI sotterranei del Castello Sforzesco di MilanoLQ*LDQOXFD3DGRYDQDFXUDGLLa Speleologia in Cavità Artificiali in Italia. Studi per il Secondo Congresso Internazionale sulle Cavità Artificiali. Parigi 1989 &RPPLVVLRQH1D]LRQDOH&DYLWj$UWLILFLDOL0LODQRSS *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQNel segno del Falco e nel ventre del CastelloLQNo Limits world$QQR,9Q)HEEUDLR0LODQR SS *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQDFXUDGLLa fortezza celata. I sotterranei del Castello Sforzesco di Milano'LDNURQLD9LJHYDQR  *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQChe cos’è la speleologia in cavità artificialiLQ*LDQOXFD3DGRYDQDFXUDGLLa fortezza celata. I sotterranei del Castello Sforzesco di Milano'LDNURQLD9LJHYDQRSS *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQNote per la catalogazione e la comprensione delle opere idrauliche sotterraneeLQ,QELQRVDFWXV OXPLQD. Rivista di studi e ricerche sull’idraulica storica (anno I/2002) $WWL GHO &RQYHJQR ,QWHUQD]LRQDOH GL 6WXGL VX 0HWRGRORJLH SHU OR VWXGLR GHOOD VFLHQ]D LGUDXOLFD DQWLFD 5DYHQQD  PDJJLR   $JRUj (GL]LRQL /D 6SH]LD SS *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQMilano sotterraneaLQ&OXE$OSLQLVWLFR7ULHVWLQR±*UXSSR*URWWH±6H]LRQHGL5LFHUFKHH6WXGLVX &DYLWj$UWLILFLDOLAtti del V Convegno Nazionale sulle Cavità Artificiali (Osoppo 28 aprile – 1 maggio 2001)7ULHVWH SS *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQLa classificazione per tipologia delle cavità artificialiLQ*LDQOXFD3DGRYDQDFXUDGLArcheologia del sottosuolo. Lettura e studio delle cavità artificiali%ULWLVK$UFKHRORJLFDO5HSRUWV,QWHUQDWLRQDO6HULHV2[IRUG SS *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQLe mura della città storica: da sistemi difensivi a verde pubblicoLQ0DULD$QWRQLHWWD%UHGD0DULD &KLDUD=HUELRinverdiamo la città. Parchi, orti e giardini*LDSSLFKHOOL(GLWRUH7RULQRSS *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQMilano Celta: le tre fortezze/R6FDUDEHR0LODQR *LDQOXFD3DGRYDQ,SSROLWR(GPRQGR)HUUDULRIl segreto del Castello di Milano8JR0XUVLD(GLWRUH0LODQR /\QQ3DVVL3LWFKHUDFXUDGL +LFHVWERQXPFRPHGHUHStoviglie e vettovaglie rinascimentali di una guarnigione di Pizzighettone&RPXQHGL3L]]LJKHWWRQH3L]]LJKHWWRQH *LRYDQ%DWWLVWD3LUDQHVLAntichità di Cora descritte ed incise da Giovambat Piranesi5RPD )HOLFH3RJJLLe Fognature di Milano0XQLFLSLRGL0LODQR$QWRQLR9DOODUGL(GLWRUH0LODQR -DFRSR5HFXSHURDFXUDGLLeonardo da Vinci. ScrittiULVWDPSD5XVFRQL/LEUL5RPD *LRYDQQL 5LGROIL Viaggi di Giovanni Ridolfi fiorentino. Da Firenze a Milano (1480) (Contin. V. N. 4) LQ %DFFLQL *LXVHSSHFRPSLODWRUHUHVSRQVDELOHZibaldone. Notizie, Aneddoti, Curiosità e documenti inediti o rari raccolti da una brigata di studiosi$QQR,*LXJQR17LS&'H$QJHOLV)LUHQ]HSS *LRYDQQL 5LGROIL Viaggi di Giovanni Ridolfi fiorentino. Da Firenze a Milano (Continuaz. e fine, V. n° preced.) LQ %DFFLQL*LXVHSSHFRPSLODWRUHUHVSRQVDELOHZibaldone. Notizie, Aneddoti, Curiosità e documenti inediti o rari raccolti da una brigata di studiosi$QQR,/XJOLR17LS&'H$QJHOLV)LUHQ]HSS 3LHWUR6DUGLCorno Dogale della Architettura Militare9HQH]LD



Bibliografia (QULFR 6DVVL )UDQFHVFR 9LVPDUD Laserscanning e 3D printing: tecniche tridimensionali applicate al rilievo del “rivellino” del castello di Locarno attribuito a Leonardo da VinciLQ0DULQR9LJDQzDFXUDGLL’architettura militare nell’età di Leonardo. “Guerre milanesi” e diffusione del bastione in Italia e in Europa $WWL GHO FRQYHJQR LQWHUQD]LRQDOHGLVWXGL±/RFDUQRJLXJQR(GL]LRQL&DVDJUDQGH%HOOLQ]RQDSS *LRYDQQL %DWWLVWD 6HVWL Piante della città, Piazze, e Castelli fortificati in questo Stato di Milano $JQHOOL VFXOWRUH H VWDPSDWRUH0LODQR 6WHIDQR6LHQLI segreti di Firenze/H/HWWHUH)LUHQ]H *XLGR6XWHUPHLVWHUIl Castello di Legnano0HPRULH1ƒ'HSXWD]LRQH/RPEDUGDGL6WRULD3DWULD6H]LRQHGL/HJQDQR /HJQDQR *LRYDQQL7RGDURMacchine d’assedio medievali(GL]LRQL3HQQHH3DSLUL/DWLQD *LRUJLR9DVDULLe vite dei più eccellenti pittori scultori e architetti5HFXSHUR-DFRSRDFXUDGL(GLWULFH,WDOLDQDGL &XOWXUD5RPD 0DULQR 9LJDQz Il Castello Sforzesco, cittadella bastionata (XVI-XVIII secolo) LQ $$ 99 Milano città fortificata, vent’anni dopo$WWLGHO&RQYHJQR0LODQR&DVWHOOR6IRU]HVFRƒRWWREUH 4XDGHUQLGHO&DVWHOOR6IRU]HVFRQƒ 0LODQRSS 0DULQR9LJDQzBaluardi in Lombardia e nel Genovesato durante il primo dominio francese (1499-1514)LQ9LJDQz 0DULQRDFXUDGLL’architettura militare nell’età di Leonardo(GL]LRQL&DVDJUDQGH%HOOLQ]RQDSS $OHVVDQGUR 9LVFRQWL Leonardo a Milano e in Lombardia LQ $$ 99 Leonardo da Vinci ,VWLWXWR *HRJUDILFR 'H $JRVWLQL1RYDUDSS 0DUFR9LWUXYLR3ROOLRQHDe Architectura0LJRWWR/XFLDQRWUDGX]LRQHGL(GL]LRQL6WXGLR7HVL3DGRYD 'RPHQLFR =DQRQ Ricerche biospeleologiche nei sotterranei LQ *LDQOXFD 3DGRYDQ D FXUD GL La fortezza celata. I sotterranei del Castello Sforzesco'LDNURQLD9LJHYDQRSS )UDQN=|OOQHULeonardo da Vinci 1452 – 15197DVFKHQ&LQD



Castrum Portae Jovis Mediolani        





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