British Moths: Second Edition: A Photographic Guide to the Moths of Britain and Ireland [2 ed.] 1472907701, 9781472907707

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Chris Manley

BRITISH MOTHS SECOND EDITION CHRIS MANLEY

A Photographic Guide to the Moths of Britain and Ireland

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‘The wildlife of today is not ours to dispose of as we please. We have it in trust. We must account for it to those who come after.’ King George VI

Dedication To Eve, who hopes to become less of a moth-widow now This electronic edition published in 2015 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Second edition first published in 2015 by Bloomsbury Natural History, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Copyright © 2015 text by Chris Manley Copyright © 2015 in the photographs remains with the individual photographers – see credits on page 7 The right of Chris Manley to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. You may not copy, distribute, transmit, reproduce or otherwise make available this publication (or any part of it) in any form, or by any means (including without limitation electronic, digital, optical, mechanical, photocopying, printing, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 50 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DP www.bloomsbury.com BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN (print): 978-14729-0770-7 ISBN (ePub): 978-14729-0771-4 To find out more about our authors and their books please visit www.bloomsbury.com where you will find extracts, author interviews and details of forthcoming events, and to be the first to hear about latest releases and special offers, sign up for our newsletters here. Bloomsbury is a trademark of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

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CONTENTS Illustrated Index to Moth Families

4

Preface to the Second Edition

7

Acknowledgements7 Introduction8 How to See Moths

10

How to Photograph Moths

14

Classification and Distinguishing Features

15

Anatomy16 Life Cycle of a Typical Moth

17

Species Descriptions

18

Bibliography and Further Reading

342

Index344

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ILLUSTRATED INDEX TO MOTH FAMILIES 1 Micropterigidae  18

9 Prodoxidae  34

17 Ypsolophidae  58–60

2 Eriocraniidae  18

10 Tischeriidae  36

18 Plutellidae  60

3 Hepialidae 20

11 Psychidae 36–38

19 Glyphipterigidae  60–62

4 Nepticulidae  20–30

12 Tineidae  38–42

20 Argyresthiidae  62–64

5 Opostegidae  30

13 Roeslerstammiidae  42

21 Lyonetiidae  64–66

6 Heliozelidae  30

14 Bucculatricidae  42–44

22 Praydidae  66

7 Adelidae 32

15 Gracillariidae  44–54

23 Heliodinidae  66 No extant UK species

8 Incurvariidae  34

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16 Yponomeutidae  54–56

24 Bedelliidae  66

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ILLUSTRATED INDEX TO MOTH FAMILIES  5 25 Scythropiidae  66

33 Ethmiidae  76–78

41 Blastobasidae  112

26 Douglasiidae  66

34 Cosmopterigidae  78

42 Stathmopodidae  112

27 Autostichidae  66

35 Gelechiidae  80–94

43 Scythrididae  112–114

28 Oecophoridae  68–70

36 Batrachedridae  94

44 Alucitidae  114

29 Chimabachidae  70

37 Coleophoridae  94–104

45 Pterophoridae  114–120

30 Lypusidae  70–72

38 Elachistidae  104–108

46 Schreckensteiniidae  120

31 Peleopodidae  72

39 Parametriotidae  108–110

47 Epermeniidae  120

32 Depressariidae  72–76

40 Momphidae  110–112

48 Choreutidae  120–122

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6 

ILLUSTRATED INDEX TO MOTH FAMILIES

49 Tortricidae  122–166

56–61 Butterfly Families

68 Saturniidae 202

Not covered in this book

50 Cossidae 166

62 Pyralidae 172–180

69 Sphingidae 204–208

51 Castniidae 166

63 Crambidae 180–196

70 Geometridae 208–258

52 Sesiidae 166–168

64 Mimallonidae 196

71 Notodontidae 260–264

Tropical species with one UK record

53 Limacodidae 170

65 Drepanidae 196–198

72 Erebidae 264–280

54 Zygaenidae 170

66 Lasiocampidae 200–202

73 Noctuidae 280–338

55 Thyrididae 172

67 Endromidae 202

74 Nolidae 338–340

Tropical species with one UK record

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PREFACE and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  7

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION When my editor, Nigel Redman, suggested considering a second edition I was thrilled. This would be the opportunity to build on the success of the first edition by adding a few new features. First, I aimed to expand the coverage of the smaller moths considerably. Although many of these are not regularly seen as adults they can often be more readily identified by the feeding patterns left by the larvae in the food plant (the tiny adult Phyllonorycter acerifoliella on the front cover is easily spotted as a larva). Some of these mines are shown in the book. Others, such as the Coleophoridae, have larvae that build distinctive cases in which to travel around feeding. Second, the photographs have been rotated to achieve a similar alignment for ease of comparison. Third, each photo has a size bar beneath it, showing actual size. Finally, every resident species now has a distribution map, which is an instant aid to identification. This new edition also gave me the chance to replace some of the pictures, either to take advantage of improvements in digital cameras or simply, as far as possible, to give the reader a brand new book. Chris Manley

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In preparing this book I have received many generous contributions from the photographers listed below, who kindly entrusted me with so many superb images. The initials of the photographer appear below each image. My sincere thanks to every one of them. It has been a privilege to be the curator of so much dedication and expertise, which has made this book into the comprehensive resource it now is. Special thanks are due to Dave Grundy, who, in addition to contributing photographs, also took time to check over the images for any identification errors. I would also like to thank Mark Parsons at Butterfly Conservation, Ian Kimber at UK Moths, Angus Tyner at Moths Ireland and Bob Heckford for their invaluable assistance, advice and encouragement. Namrita and David Price-Goodfellow and their team at D & N Publishing have done a superb job once again on the design and layout of this book, which is more complicated than it looks. They have also been endlessly helpful with managing to include my many last-minute additions and substitutions. I would also like to thank my editor at Bloomsbury, Nigel Redman, for his helpful comments and suggestions on how we might improve on the original edition. I like to think we have succeeded!

PHOTOGRAPHERS’ INITIALS AS THEY APPEAR IN THE BOOK MB JSB HMB CB PB MC AC PGC GAC PAD SD TD RDJ MD KDR BD DE

Mike Bailey Jon Baker Helen Bantock Chris Bentley Paul Butter Martin Cade Andrew Charlton Patrick Clement Graham Collins Peter Davey Sue Davies Tony Davison Rob De Jong Matthew Deans Kevin Du Rose Bill Dykes David Element

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DF AF JEG DGG LG DAG MJH SH RJH RFWH JBH LH RH IK RL AM CMM

Dave Foot Andy Foster Janet Graham Dave Green Lee Gregory Dave Grundy Mike Hammett Steve Hatch Bob Heckford Robin Hemming Jeff Higgott Les Hill Robin Howard Ian Kimber Roy Leverton Andy Mackay Chris Manley

DM Daniel Morel TM Tom Morris SN Steve Nash TJN Tim Norriss DJP David Painter SMP Steve Palmer PP Paul Parsons MSP Mark Parsons/ Butterfly Conservation SP Sarah Patton RPJ Rob Petley-Jones JP Jim Porter AWP Tony Prichard Stuart Read SR JS Jenny Seawright NS Neil Sherman

DJS David Slade CS Chris Steeman PHS Phil Sterling BS Barry Stewart CJS Caron Stubbs KT Keith Tailby TT Tom Tams IRT Ian Thirlwell GMT George Tordoff BU Bill Urwin EVN Erik Van Nieukerken JV Jeroen Voogd OW Oliver Wadsworth MW Mike Wall DW David Wedd RW Rosemary Winnall

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8 

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES The aims of this book are twofold. Firstly it aims to provide sufficient information to enable the reader to identify or find almost any moth recorded in Britain and Ireland, with a combination of photographs of the live insect and textual information. The ‘almost’ acknowledges that there can be local variations, melanic (dark or black) examples, aberrations, or simply very worn specimens whose identity will be cause for discussion. There are also groups whose members look similar, and which may be impossible to identify on external characteristics alone. At least in these cases a group (genus) identification can be made. Finally, of course, not absolutely every moth is covered, particularly amongst the very small (micro) species. The identification information and distribution maps provide guidance on where to look for target species. Secondly the book aims to be visually stimulating and to celebrate, and raise awareness of, the stunning beauty and diversity of moths in all their forms. It is particularly to be hoped that this second edition will encourage more interest in the smaller moths, even where several members of a family may be very similar.

LOG NUMBERS The layout of this book is based on the Checklist of the Lepidoptera of the British Isles by D. J. L. Agassiz, S. D. Beavan & R. J. Heckford (2013). This replaces the previous Bradley 2000 list, though the Bradley log numbers are shown in brackets at the end of each species account to aid cross-referencing with previous publications. The checklist assigns a number to each species, beginning with the most primitive moths. The number before the decimal point relates to the family, and the post-decimal number is the species in that family. The list is continually updated as new arrivals appear, either as migrants in hot summers or as imports with exotic plants or foods. When a moth new to Britain and Ireland is confirmed, its position in the list is determined by experts at the Natural History Museum and a number is assigned.

PLATES The emphasis in the photographs is on clearly illustrating the insect. They are in taxonomic log number order. The photographs are not laid out to any particular scale, but an average forewing length is displayed as a bar under each photograph at actual life size for easy comparison between species. All moths can vary significantly in size, and sometimes males and females are different sizes. In some cases no adult is shown, but only an image of the relevant leaf mine.

SPECIES ACCOUNTS Apart from studying the photographs, other facts should be considered: • Flight period – e.g. a spring-flyer such as Pine Beauty cannot be seen in autumn. • Distribution – e.g. Scotch Annulet only occurs in northern Scotland and western Ireland so a similar moth elsewhere in Britain and Ireland must be Annulet. • Habitat – e.g. Dark Crimson Underwing is found only in ancient oak woods in the New Forest, whereas Red Underwing could appear almost anywhere in southern Britain. The information contained in these accounts is as follows: 1. 2013 Checklist number, as described above under Log numbers. The previous Bradley 2000 number appears in brackets at the end of each description. 2. English (vernacular) name. Generally used for macros, and for some of the larger, most common or most important micros. Names are often descriptive of looks (Leopard Moth has spots), feeding habits (Larch Pug larva

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INTRODUCTION  9 feeds on larch tree needles), or perhaps the name of the first recorder (Sarah Patton caught the first British example of Patton’s Tiger). 3. Scientific name, in italics. This is the name used worldwide regardless of local names and language and is either Latin or latinised Greek, or a mixture of both. These names are also often descriptive – so, for example, pentadactyla, meaning five fingers in Greek, refers to the wing of White Plume Pterophorus pentadactyla. 4. Forewing length. The size shown is an average length of the forewing in millimetres, from base to apex, and is the same as that shown in the form of a bar beneath the photograph. All moths can vary in size. Pterophorus pentadactyla. BS 5. Scarcity. The status of each species is constantly changing as more work is done by Moths Count at Butterfly Conservation on collating current records in the National Moth Recording Scheme. There is no recent status list, but the following terms are used loosely: Rare indicates a species probably occurring in 15 or fewer 10km squares; Scarce occurs in around 16–50 10km squares; Very local in 51–100 10km squares; Local in 101–300 10km squares; and Common in over 300 10km squares. 6. UK BAP. Following the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) was developed to focus action by Government, statutory agencies and non-governmental organisations to conserve ‘priority’ species and habitats. Currently 81 moths (25 micros and 56 macros) are afforded Priority Species status under the UK BAP (following a review in 2006/07). These are the species that require most urgent conservation effort and many occur at a very small number of sites. 7. Distribution maps. For the larger (macro) moths, distributions reflect records since 2000 as shown in the Provisional Atlas of the UK’s Larger Moths (2010) by L. Hill, Z. Randle, R. Fox & M. Parsons, which is published by Butterfly Conservation and displayed on the Moths Count website. Records for Ireland for 2000 onwards for both macro and micro moths are shown on the excellent Moths Ireland website run by Angus Tyner. Channel Islands records are shown in the 2013 Checklist mentioned above. Records of micro moths other than those from Ireland include records prior to 2000 and so may not reflect current distribution. The maps simply show that moths have been recorded; they do not reflect density/scarcity, nor do they suggest that moths will always be seen, only that in suitable habitat in the coloured areas there is a chance. Maps are not shown for purely migrant species, as these can turn up anywhere depending on weather conditions, and past records are no indication that a species may be seen there again. 8. Flight period. Approximate months that the insect may be on the wing. Weather conditions can have a significant effect on emergence dates. Some have a second brood, or may hibernate and reappear in spring. 9. Identification, distribution, habitat. Descriptions and distinctive features are given if similar species cause confusion. Distribution and habitat are important aids to identification (see introduction to species accounts, above), and provide clues as to where to search for a species. They are not in themselves diagnostic, as moths, of course, can fly and may occasionally turn up a long way from their breeding place. There are groups that may include species not readily identified by external features only. Although this is a ‘field’ guide, it is hoped that including difficult species will at least provide a ‘possible’ identity and encourage further study. Some moths can only be identified with certainty by either breeding the caterpillar or dissecting the genitalia, which are unique to each species. These are sometimes indicated by ’Needs gen det for ID’ (‘gen det’ = genitalia determination). 10. Photo. Initials are of the photographer, as listed in the Acknowledgements. Photographs include some leaf mines and larval cases of micros, as these are often unique to the species and provide another method of recording, especially for some of the smallest moths that are rarely seen.

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10 

INTRODUCTION

11. Larval foodplant etc. An important clue to identity or to knowing where to look for a moth is the distribution of the species’ foodplant. If there is none in the area, that can preclude some species. The common and widespread Frosted Orange, for example, has a wide range of foodplants, whereas the similar but rare Fisher’s Estuarine Moth, which flies at the same time of year, feeds only on Hog’s Fennel. Notes are also given on which parts of the host plant are eaten: for example, micros that mine leaves, or larvae that eat flowers, or leaves, or live underground in roots, or inside plant stems or perhaps in wood.

HOW TO SEE MOTHS Moths exploit almost every habitat, so it follows that they can be found almost anywhere and in several different ways. Sometimes they can be found casually in a garden, resting on a wall by a light or flying by when out for a walk, other times only as a result of determined, targeted searching in a specific habitat. There are more species of day-flying moths in Britain and Ireland than there are butterflies, so there is no need to wait for dark to see moths. Burnets, for example are highly visible and some are very common, as are their pupal cases on grass stems. Ice plants (Sedum) are attractive to moths as well as Six-spot Burnet on pupal case. CMM butterflies, as are buddleia bushes. Tobacco flowers (Nicotiana) are irresistible to some moths and butterflies. Most moths are attracted to light, though it is unclear why. However, attracted they are – and probably many people will have seen their first moth sitting on the outside of a lighted window at night. Placing a clean glass over the moth and sliding a piece of card between the window and the glass will catch the moth unharmed so it can be brought indoors to be studied. Once identified and admired it can then be released back outside. This attraction to light is exploited with mercuryvapour (MV) lamps. These are very bright and produce ultraviolet light, which has been found to be the most attractive to moths and other insects. Ultraviolet is also produced by actinic lights, which are the blue ones used in fly killers in food shops. Actinic lamps are not very bright but will still attract plenty of moths. Moth traps operating with MV or actinic bulbs are by far the easiest method of attracting and seeing large numbers of moths of many different species. MV lamps may not be popular with neighbours but actinics are good in the garden or on a balcony or patio and will not dazzle anyone else, though catches will be smaller than with MV. above left: Hummingbird Hawkmoth nectaring on buddleia. CMM left: Silver Y on Sedum. CMM

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HOW TO SEE MOTHS  11

The Dorset coast, near Swanage, is an exciting trap site. inset: the rare White Spot (Hadena albimacula). CMM

Moths will come to a light and then either rest nearby or dive down below the bulb to hide. Traps exploit this by giving moths somewhere to go, usually a few egg boxes in the trap with the lamp above. It can be very exciting sitting around a trap on a warm summer evening watching moths appear out of the darkness heading for the lamp. It helps to have a supply of clear plastic pots to contain individual moths once they have settled. Once safely ‘potted’, the moth can be studied at leisure, identified, recorded, passed around to other ‘moth-ers’, compared to other potted insects etc., before being released unharmed or retained temporarily for photography, breeding or further study. Inevitably, as the interest in moths grows, the new moth recorder will want to search further afield. Fortunately, lightweight portable generators are readily available. These can easily be carried in a car or wheelbarrow and provide power for an MV light trap in locations far from mains electricity. This will mean that new habitats can be explored and targeted searches made in suitable country for a specific moth. The picture above shows the Dorset coastline several miles from the nearest road or electricity supply. The white-flowered plant in the foreground is Nottingham Catchfly, the rare foodplant for the Red Data Book species White Spot (Hadena albimacula). Running the light here overnight attracted several of these beautiful moths.

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HOW TO SEE MOTHS

Details revealed of Glyphipterix haworthana (above). This 6mm-long moth was netted flying in spring sunshine amongst Cotton-grass, the larval foodplant (left). CMM

Many moths, particularly some of the smaller so-called ‘micro’ moths, can be seen flying during the day, or at least persuaded to fly if their habitat is disturbed. Carrying a hand net will give a chance to capture the flying insect unharmed. It can then either be inspected in the net or harmlessly ‘potted’ for positive identification. It is extremely difficult in many cases to be certain of the identity of a small flying insect without ‘potting’, and impossible to show it to anyone else for confirmation. Dusk and soon afterwards on a warm summer evening can be a very rewarding moth-hunting time. Geometer moths can be particularly active at dusk. Carrying a net and a few pots, as well as wearing a head torch, will mean that many moths can be caught and identified by taking a stroll along a quiet hedgerow, woodland ride or open field while it is still not really dark enough for moths to come to the MV trap. Later in the evening nectar sources can attract many moths. In the spring, sallow blossom can be especially productive as other food sources are scarce; ivy flowers are popular in autumn, as well as ripe blackberries. Artificial nectar sources can be prepared. Basically all that is required is sugar dissolved in water, perhaps with molasses, beer or rum added, painted onto a tree or post. Pheromones are the sexually attractive scents given off by virgin female moths advertising that they are available to mate. Male moths smell these with their antennae, sometimes from several hundred metres away, and fly towards the source. If a female Emperor Moth is raised from a pupa and placed outside in sunshine in early May it is astonishing how males can appear from nowhere in minutes. The female in the photo was bred from eggs laid the previous year, the darker, smaller male is wild and quickly appeared in my garden. The feathery antennae of some males such as Emperors provide a larger surface area to smell with than the simple antennae of females. Emperor Moth pair, female above, male below. CMM

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HOW TO SEE MOTHS  13

Welsh Clearwings. Five males are attracted to the pheromone in the netting. DGG

Artificial pheromones are available for some species. These have been developed commercially for controlling pest species, but pheromone lures have been found to work very well for clearwing moths. These are available from the equipment suppliers listed on page 343, with notes on which moths to use them for. Since clearwings are day-flying moths that do not come to light they used to be thought rather scarce, but using pheromones has shown that, in some cases, they can be quite common. Many of the smallest moths, known as micros, can be discovered by searching leaves of shrubs and trees. The tiny larvae live within the layers of a leaf or within a folded-over section of leaf, and some also pupate in the fold or mine. The very well-known Horse Chestnut Leaf-miner (Cameraria ohridella) makes obvious blotch mines in leaves that are much easier to see than the moth itself, which is only 4mm long. This moth is continuously brooded in summer so affected leaves if picked and kept in a clear container will produce adults that can be easily seen. Mines of Cameraria ohridella in a leaf of Horse Chestnut and the adult that emerges. This is a female dispersing pheromones from her abdomen to attract a male. CMM

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HOW TO PHOTOGRAPH MOTHS

HOW TO PHOTOGRAPH MOTHS Photography is an important recording tool. Clear pictures of an insect will provide positive identification and confirmation of records long after the insect has flown away or you have left the area. Whilst researching photographs for this book, I discovered that a picture I had taken eight years ago was incorrectly identified and was actually of a rare moth only found in Essex on Hog’s Fennel. When moth trapping, my preference is to leave the MV trap light running all night. This can frequently involve sleeping in the back of the car but pays dividends for photography in the early morning. Apart from being a wonderful time of day to be Agonopterix putridella misidentified eight years earlier as A. umbellana.

outside anyway there are fewer biting insects about and often some stunning views, as well as all those moths to identify. Moths tend to be fairly docile around dawn when it is relatively cool and not bright enough for them to feel exposed and try to hide. This makes it easier to go through the trap and record the contents. Moths tapped off onto surrounding vegetation or a tree trunk will often sit quietly where they land, which gives an ideal opportunity to take a picture. A camera on automatic will probably use flash, which will produce a sharp image, but may have reflections and shadows. I prefer to use natural light without flash, but it is essential to put the camera on a tripod, ideally with a remote shutter release or a 2-second timer delay, or the photo may well be disappointingly out of focus when viewed later. The image stabilisation system, if your camera has one, should be switched off if the camera is steady on a tripod. Ideally the camera should be set to Aperture Priority with a large ‘f’ number. This will give a good depth of field so that as much of the moth as possible is sharply in focus, but it will mean that the necessary exposure time is longer – above: Counting Silurians at dawn in the Black hence the need for a stable tripod to avoid blurred pictures. Mountains of Wales. On a DSLR or a bridge camera the use of a clip-on macro lens is a great help for some of the very smallest moths. below: Eudonia murana in a glass tube. Moths can be taken home in plastic pots or glass tubes (one per pot) for later photography, or even photographed in the pot through the side for a simple ‘record’ shot before release. They can be kept unharmed in the cool of the fridge and brought out one by one to be photographed in controlled conditions, from where hopefully they will not escape. Moths kept like this will be relatively docile, being cool, but may well appreciate a small drip of weak sugar-and-water solution to drink, applied to whatever they are on for the picture with a small artist’s brush. Afterwards they can be released.

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CLASSIFICATION AND DISTINGUISHING FEATURES  15 As with all photography, the trick is to take plenty of shots and keep just the best few. It is also worth taking a shot or two as soon as possible in case the insect flies away. If it doesn’t, there is the chance to get a better picture and possibly get a lot closer for the intimate portrait that reveals the details rarely seen in the field. Digital cameras and the Web have revolutionised moth-watching, and there are websites for many counties where photos can be posted and identified.

CLASSIFICATION AND DISTINGUISHING FEATURES Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) are scientifically classified as members of the CLASS Insecta, insects, of which there are some 20,000 recorded in Britain and Ireland. Insects are divided into 29 ORDERS, of which the Lepidoptera is one. Butterflies form a small percentage of the Lepidoptera that occur in the British Isles and are well described in other publications. They are not covered in this book. Lepidoptera are members of the SUBCLASS Endopterygota, which contains nine orders. Endopterygota are winged insects whose life cycle involves complex (or complete) metamorphosis. That is, the life cycle is divided into four stages. The egg hatches as a larva, bearing no resemblance to the adult, where eating and growth takes place. A period as a pupa follows, during which the change from larva to adult occurs, before the mature, fully developed adult emerges, ready to breed. The Endopterygota develop wings internally, which cannot be seen in the early larval stages. This is in contrast to the Exopterygota – such as grasshoppers, dragonflies and mayflies – whose young stages, known as nymphs, resemble adults with visible but underdeveloped wings. The Lepidoptera (Greek: lepidos = scale, pteron = wing) have coloured scales on their wings, laid out like tiles on a roof as shown here. These scales are loosely attached to the wing and are easily worn off, which causes no harm to the insect, though it can make identification tricky. Some 2500 Lepidoptera have been recorded in Britain and Ireland. These are split into 74 FAMILIES (including the butterflies), with each SUBFAMILY or GENUS grouped within these. Within the genus are the individual SPECIES. These are loosely defined as being unable to breed with any other species. Closely related species are grouped Glyphipterix haworthana. Detail showing scales. CMM into GENERA (singular, GENUS). FORMS are insects that may look different but are actually the same species and can breed together. Several moths – such as Peppered Moth – have a melanistic (very dark) form, while some have different forms that occur equally frequently in the same population – such as Burnished Brass. Garden Tigers are so variable that no two are identical, but there are also two rare but recognised forms. The prize for ‘most variable moth’, however, has to go to the micro Acleris cristana, with 137 described and named forms! ABERRATIONS are unusual examples of moths. They do not occur regularly like the forms. Like all insects, Lepidoptera have three main body parts: head, thorax and abdomen. The head has one pair of eyes, mouthparts (usually a coiled proboscis, a hollow feeding tube for sucking nectar) and one pair of antennae. Male moths often have feathery antennae for detecting the scent (pheromones) of females, whereas female antennae are plain. This can be clearly seen, for example, in the Plumed Prominent. The thorax has the six legs that all insects have and the two pairs of wings, if present. Some females (e.g. Vapourer) may have only vestigial wings and be flightless. The abdomen (hind body) stores food if the adult is able to feed, or energy reserves provided by the larva in the case of non-feeding moths. The sex organs are also located in the abdomen. Females appear very plump before eggs are laid, whereas males are slim with a pair of claspers at the tip for gripping the female in copulation.

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16 

ANATOMY

ANATOMY Striped Hawk-moth

antenna

leading edge (costa) tip (apex) outer edge (termen) & fringe

forewing head thorax hind wing abdomen

Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing central cross-band trailing edge (dorsum) trailing corner (tornus) inner cross-line central cross-line, inner

outer edge (termen)

oval mark kidney mark central cross-line, outer

outer cross-line leading edge (costa) Cydia splendana

Snout

Ocellus. Oval mark, often metallic grey, often containing dark marks, especially in Tortricidae.

Forward-facing labial palps give rise to vernacular name of this moth, the Snout.

costal streaks

dorsum/trailing edge

head fascia/cross-band

tornal spot

termen/outer edge & cilia

basal spot

apex/tip

Incurvaria praelatella

costa/leading edge costal spot

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LIFE CYCLE OF A TYPICAL MOTH  17

LIFE CYCLE OF A TYPICAL MOTH These photographs of Clifden Nonpareil illustrate the stages of the complex metamorphosis of the moth life cycle, in which early stages are completely different from the adult. (In simple metamorphosis – as in dragonflies – early stages resemble the adult and are known as nymphs.) Eggs are laid by the adult insect, usually on the foodplant, sometimes in batches, sometimes singly. Some moths scatter their eggs in flight over suitable habitat. Eggs can hatch in a few days or overwinter to hatch next spring. Caterpillars, also known as larvae, hatch from the eggs. They feed and grow, changing their skin, and often their appearance, as they do so. These stages, usually four, are known as instars. Some will be fully developed in a few weeks, others may overwinter to finish development in spring, while some may take two or three years. The Clifden Nonpareil grows from 5mm on hatching to 75mm in six weeks. Eggs. White shells are empty, dark ones are about to hatch.

5mm long larva at two days.

15mm long at two weeks.

The adult insect splits open the pupa to crawl out. The wings are soft and crumpled but are pumped up through the veins and harden in a few hours, enabling the insect to fly. Males seek out a mate, females seek suitable habitats to lay eggs, often travelling considerable distances.

After six weeks the fully grown caterpillar is 75mm long and has consumed all the food reserves needed to produce a full-sized adult.

Having shed its larval skin it enters a resting stage as a pupa, also known as a chrysalis, with a hard outer shell. This may be attached to foliage, amongst leaves on the ground, or hidden in a silk cocoon underground. Outlines of adult features such as wings and head can be seen. The pupa, depending on species, may develop in weeks, or overwinter to hatch the following year or even later.

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18 

MICROPTERIGIDAE and ERIOCRANIIDAE 1 MICROPTERIGIDAE

Very primitive moths that evolved with flowering plants 100 million years ago. Adults are the only moths with chewing mouthparts; they feed on pollen. Some larvae are unknown.

1.001  Micropterix tunbergella 5mm Common. Jun–Jul. Day-flying, feeds on pollen. Woods. FP Unknown. (1)

1.002  Micropterix mansuetella 5mm Very local. May–Jun. Distinctive black head. Damp woods, fens. FP Unknown. (2)

1.004  Micropterix aruncella 4mm Common. May–Aug. Male has 2 silvery cross-lines (fascia), and sometimes white marks from costa at ¾. Female is plain golden. Adults feed on pollen. Wood margins, pastures throughout. FP Young plant shoots and detritus. (4) 1.005  Micropterix calthella 4.5mm Common. May–Jun. More purple at base than female M. aruncella. Abundant throughout, on grass and flower pollen. FP Young plant shoots. (5)

1.003  Micropterix aureatella 5mm Local. May–Jun. Adults fly in sun, feed on pollen. Damp woods, heaths. FP Unknown. (3)

2 ERIOCRANIIDAE Larvae feed in mines in leaves of birch and other trees. Adults do not feed. They fly at dawn and in spring sunshine. The purplewinged species cannot reliably be separated visually, though there are ‘typical’ examples, so study of leaf mines, host tree and/or genitalia may be necessary. 2.001  Dyseriocrania subpurpurella 7mm Common. Apr–May. Metallic gold with tiny purple spots. In every oak wood throughout Britain. Flies in sunshine or at night. FP Mines in oak leaves. (6) 2.002  Paracrania chrysolepidella 5.5mm Scarce and local. Apr. Similar to others in this family, with purple and gold spots. FP Mines in Hazel or Hornbeam. (7) 2.003  Eriocrania unimaculella 6mm Local. Mar–Apr. Flies in sunshine among birch. FP Mines in birch leaves. (8)

2.004  Eriocrania sparrmannella 6mm Local. Apr–May. Day-flying in sunshine among birch. Golden with purple markings. FP Mines in birch leaves. (9)

1.001 OW

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 18

2.005  Eriocrania salopiella 5.5mm Local. Apr–May. Day-flying in sunshine among birch. Hairs on head are yellow, not grey. FP Mines in birch leaves. (10) 2.006  Eriocrania cicatricella 6mm Widespread. Apr. Day-flying in sunshine among birch. FP Several larvae per blotch mine in birch leaves. (11) 2.007  Eriocrania semipurpurella 7mm Common. Mar–Apr. Widespread throughout, in birch woods. Flies in sunshine. FP Yellow larva in blotch mine in birch leaves. (13) 2.008  Eriocrania sangii 6mm Common. Mar–Apr. Widespread. Flies in sunshine among birch. FP Grey larva in blotch mine in birch leaves. (12)

1.002 NS

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1.003 CMM

1.004  CMM

1.004  BS

1.004  CMM

1.005 PGC

2.001 CMM

2.002 Mine in Hazel DGG

2.003 CMM

2.001 OW

2.004 PGC

2.005 NS

2.006 PGC

2.007 NS

2.007 PGC

2.006 Mine in birch IK

2.007 Mine in birch IK

2.008 PGC

2.008 Mine in birch IK

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 19

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20 

HEPIALIDAE and NEPTICULIDAE 3 HEPIALIDAE Swifts

A primitive group of five species out of about 500 worldwide. They have long wings held almost upright against the body at rest, and very short antennae. They are sexually dimorphic, with females generally larger and plainer than males, though the female Ghost Swift could not be said to be plain at all. They fly at dusk, and will come to light. Female Swifts lay eggs by scattering them in flight above suitable vegetation. The white larvae live underground in plant roots, usually for two years.

3.001  Orange Swift Triodia sylvina 16–20mm Common. Jul–Aug. Male marked orange, larger female more drab. In grasslands throughout. FP Underground 2 years in herbaceous roots, e.g. Bugloss, docks, Bracken, Dandelion. (15)



3.002  Common Swift Korscheltellus lupulina 15–18mm Common. May–Jul. Often abundant at dusk. Male smaller and brighter. FP Grass and herbaceous roots. (17)





3.004  Gold Swift Phymatopus hecta 15–17mm Local. Jun–Jul. Throughout. Gold markings on male are obvious, female drab. Hind legs of male are adapted to disperse pheromones for mating, not for walking. Eggs scattered in flight over Bracken. FP In Bracken and grass roots for 2 years. (16)



3.005  Ghost Moth Hepialus humuli 25–29mm Common. Jun–Aug. Sexually dimorphic, male is white like a ghost, with display flight at dusk, known as ‘lekking’. Female larger with orange markings. In grassy areas in open or wooded ground. FP Underground in grass and similar roots. (14)

3.003  Map-winged Swift Korscheltellus fusconebulosa 20–25mm Local. May–Jul. Throughout, but local in Scotland. Variable size and markings. Female larger but similar. Widespread but local on moors, heaths, open woods. FP Usually in Bracken roots. (18)

4 NEPTICULIDAE There are 100 moths in this family. All are tiny, all feed from mines in leaves, many are similar. Best bred from larvae in mines and/ or require examination of genitalia for certain identification. 4.001  Enteucha acetosae 1.5mm Local. Apr–Jul. World’s smallest moth. In SE England and N Wales. Possibly 3 generations. FP Mines leaves of Sheep’s and Common sorrel, turning them red. May–Oct. (118)

4.003  Stigmella confusella 3.5mm Common. May. Throughout Britain and W Ireland. FP Mines in birch leaves, Jun–Aug. (117)

4.002  Stigmella lapponica 3mm Common. May. Throughout Britain and W Ireland. Similar to other Stigmella spp. FP Mines in birch leaves, Jun–Jul. (116)

3.001  DF

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 20

3.001 / dark form CMM

3.001  CMM

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3.003  f. gallicus CMM 3.002  CMM

3.002  CMM

3.003  CMM

3.003  CMM

3.004  NS

3.004  DF

4.001 PGC

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 21

4.001 Mines in sorrel JEG



3.005 C MM  

4.002 Mine in birch JEG



4.003 JBH

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22 

NEPTICULIDAE

4.004  Stigmella tiliae 2.5mm Scarce. May–Jun, Aug. Western distribution. Adult similar to other Stigmella adults. FP Creates contorted gallery in Small-leaved Lime, Jul, Oct. (90)



4.017  Stigmella centifoliella 3mm Locally common. May, Aug. Similar to S. anomalella but with dark head, collar and eyecaps. FP In wild and cultivated roses, Jul, Oct. (93)

4.005  Stigmella betulicola 2.5mm Common. May, Aug. Widespread. Prefers low seedlings in heathy country. FP Creates several contorted mines per leaf in birch. Jul, Sep–Nov. (110) 4.006  Stigmella sakhalinella 2mm Scarce and local. May. Scattered in S UK. FP Mines in birch, Jul–Oct. (113)

4.007  Stigmella luteella 2mm Common. May–Jul. Widespread across most of Britain. FP Creates contorted mines in birch, Aug–Nov. (112)

4.018  Stigmella ulmivora 2.5mm Common. Jun. S and central England. Head black, eyecaps white, wings reddish with white fascia. FP Elms; gallery mine varies, Aug–Sep. (80) 4.019  Stigmella viscerella 3mm Locally common. May–Jun. Mainly in S Britain. Head, collar and eyecaps pale, wings dark. FP Elms, Sep. (95)

4.020  Stigmella paradoxa 2.5mm Local, scarce. Apr–May. Head and eyecaps pale, wings dark. On hawthorn trunks or flying around in late afternoon. FP Forms a distinctive blotch in Common Hawthorn leaves, Jun–Jul. (82)

4.008  Stigmella glutinosae 2.5mm Widespread but local. May, Aug. Head ochreous, forewing bronzy, fascia pale. FP Mines in Common Alder, Jul–Oct. (114) 4.009  Stigmella alnetella 2.5mm Widespread but local. May, Aug. Similar to S. glutinosae but larvae differ slightly. FP Mines in Common Alder, Jul–Oct. (115) 4.010  Stigmella microtheriella 2mm Common. May, Aug. Throughout. FP Creates several gallery mines per leaf in Hazel or Hornbeam, Jul, Oct–Nov. (111)

4.022  Stigmella regiella 2.5mm Common. May–Jun. Head orange, wing dark with yellow fascia. FP Mines underside of leaves of hawthorns. Sep–Oct. (107) 4.023  Stigmella crataegella 2.5mm Very common. May–Jun. Similar to S. regiella, but smaller and head dark. FP Mines underside of leaves of hawthorns. Jun–Aug. (108) 4.025  Stigmella nylandriella 2.5mm Scattered locally. May–Jun. Common in the north. FP Creates a contorted mine in Rowan, Jul–Aug. (103)

4.012  Stigmella aceris 2mm Scarce, very local. May, Jul. Dark with white fascia. FP Creates gallery mines in Field or Norway maples, Jun– Jul, Aug–Sep. (102)

4.015  Rose Leaf Miner Stigmella anomalella 3mm Common. May, Aug. Throughout. FP In wild and cultivated roses, Jul, Oct. (92)

4.026  Stigmella oxyacanthella 3mm Common. Jun. Orange head, dark wings. FP Hawthorns, Apple, etc., Sep–Oct. (100)

4.013  Apple Pygmy Stigmella malella 2.5mm Common. May, Aug. Pale head, eyecaps and collar, dark wing with white fascia. FP Forms contorted gallery in Apple and Crab Apple, Jun, Sep. (97)

4.014  Stigmella catharticella 3mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Common where foodplant occurs. Pale head, dark wing, small white tornal spot. FP Forms gallery in Buckthorn, Jun, Sep. (98)

4.027  Stigmella pyri 2.5mm Scarce, very local. May–Jun, Aug. Orange head, dark golden wing. FP Old orchards with pears, Jul, Sep–Oct. (101)

4.004 Mine in Small-leaved Lime IK

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 22

4.005 CMM

4.006 JEG

4.006 Mine in birch JP

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4.007 IK

4.008 Mine in Alder IK

4.009 Mine in Alder IK

4.010 IK

4.012 Mine in Field Maple DGG

4.013 Mine in Apple JP

4.014 Mine in Buckthorn OW

4.015 TT

4.015 Mine in rose IK

4.017 TT

4.018 Mine in Elm JEG

4.019 Mine in Elm JP

4.020 Mine in hawthorn JEG

4.022 Mine in hawthorn PGC

4.023 Mine in hawthorn IK

4.025 Mine in Rowan IK

4.026 Mine in hawthorn JP

4.027 Mines in pear JP

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24 

NEPTICULIDAE

4.030  Stigmella hybnerella 2.5mm Common. Apr–May, Jul–Aug. Very common throughout. FP Forms blotch at margin of leaves of hawthorns. May, Aug. (99)

4.041  Stigmella sorbi 3.5mm Local. May. Local in the south, commoner north. FP Mines in Rowan, several to a leaf, Jun–Jul. (66)

4.031  Stigmella mespilicola 2.5mm Rare and vulnerable. In Northern Ireland, SW Scotland, Isle of Man. Similar to other Stigmella spp. FP Common Whitebeam and Wild Service-tree, Aug. (99a)

4.042  Stigmella plagicolella 2.5mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Throughout. Bronze head. FP Mines in Blackthorn, May–Jun, Aug. (67)

4.032  Stigmella floslactella 3mm Common. May, Aug. Same foodplants and similar to S. microtheriella, but larger and with broader fascia. FP Mines in Hazel, Hornbeam. (75)

4.043  Stigmella lemniscella 3mm Common. May, Aug. Throughout Britain, but scarce in the north. FP Mines in elms, Jun, Sep. (63)

4.034  Stigmella tityrella 3mm Common. Apr–May, Jul–Aug. Throughout. Very similar to other Stigmella spp. FP Beech. Leaf mine is distinctive, on underside and always between ribs, not crossing over them. (77)

4.044  Stigmella continuella 2.5mm Locally common. May. Sometimes has a partial 2nd generation, all emerging in spring. FP Mines in birches, starting with a blob and ending in a gallery, Jun–Jul. (64)

4.035  Stigmella salicis 2.5mm Common. Apr–May, Jul–Aug. Throughout on rough-leaved willows. FP Mines in willow leaves, Jun–Jul, Sep–Nov. (68)

4.045  Stigmella aurella 3.5mm Common. May, Aug–Sep. Abundant throughout. Leaf mines visible wherever foodplant grows. FP Bramble. (50)

4.036  Stigmella myrtillella 2.5mm Local. May–Jun, Aug. Heaths, moors, woods. FP Excavates a broad gallery mine, which turns purple, in Bilberry, Jul, Sep–Oct. (72)

4.046  Stigmella auromarginella 3.5mm Rare. May, Aug–Sep. Very similar to S. aurella but head is less golden. Found in Weymouth, Dorset; S Devon coast; and in Ireland only in the Burren. FP Mines in Bramble leaves, mine edged with reddish purple as shown. (54)

4.038  Stigmella obliquella 2.5mm Widespread, local. May, Aug. On smooth-leaved willows. FP Mines in willow leaves, Jun, Sep. (70)

4.047  Stigmella splendidissimella 2.5mm Common. Apr–May, Aug. Similar to S. aurella, but head is black, eyecap white. FP Mines in Dewberry, Jul, Oct. (53)

4.039  Stigmella trimaculella 3mm Common. May, Aug. In poplars throughout. FP Forms gallery mines in poplars, Jun–Jul, Sep–Oct. (73)

4.030 IK

4.031 Mine in Wild Service DAG

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 24

4.030 Mine in hawthorn DGG

4.034 Mine in Beech PGC

4.032 TT

4.032 Mine in Hazel IK

4.034 Mine forming green island in Beech DGG

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4.035 IK

4.036 IK

4.036 Mine in Bilberry IK

4.038 TT

4.038 Mine in willow IK

4.039 TT

4.042 IK

4.041 Mines in Rowan JEG

4.039 Mine in Lombardy Poplar CMM

4.042 Mine in Blackthorn JP

4.043 Mine in English Elm PGC

4.044 Mine in birch IK

4.045 Pair IK

4.045 Mine in Bramble PGC

4.046 PHS

4.047 Mine in Dewberry IK

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 25

4.045 PGC

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26 

NEPTICULIDAE

4.050  Stigmella dryadella 3mm Rare. May, Aug. Scottish mountains and Irish Burren only. FP Leaves of Mountain Avens, Jul, Oct. (56)

4.060  Stigmella ruficapitella 3mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Throughout. Male with black head, female ferruginous. FP Forms gallery mine in oaks, Jun–Jul, Sep–Nov. (84)

4.051  Stigmella poterii 2mm Local. Apr–May, Jul. On chalk and limestone, mountain moors and heaths. FP Mines in leaves of Salad Burnet, Jun–Jul, Sep–Oct. (59)

4.062  Stigmella samiatella 4mm Scarce. Jun, Aug. Black head, white collar and eyecaps. Common in Europe. FP Creates contorted gallery in oaks or Sweet Chestnut. (88)

4.053  Stigmella incognitella 3mm Local. May, Sep. Scattered records in S Britain. FP Mines in Apple, Crab Apple, Jun–Jul, Oct–Nov. (78)

4.063  Stigmella roborella 3mm Local, scattered. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Similar to other Stigmella spp. On deciduous oaks. FP Creates gallery mine in oaks, Jun–Jul, Oct–Nov. (86)

4.054  Stigmella perpygmaeella 2.5mm Common. May, Aug. Widespread. Adult dark with orange head. FP Creates contorted gallery mine in hawthorns, doubling back to create false blotch, Jul, Oct. (79)

4.065  Trifurcula cryptella 2.5mm Rare. May–Jun. Widespread but scattered. Open woodland and downs. FP Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Jun–Aug. (48)

4.055  Stigmella hemargyrella 3mm Common. Apr–May, Jun–Aug. Throughout. Head and eyecaps pale, wings bronzy with pale fascia. Adults rest on Beech trunks. FP Mines in Beech, Jun, Aug–Sep. (81)

4.068  Trifurcula immundella 3.5mm Common. Jun–Aug. Pale, with yellow head and white eyecaps. Anywhere Broom occurs. FP Mines under bark in young twigs of Broom. (46)

4.056  Stigmella speciosa 2.5mm Local. May, Aug. SE England. Head dark, eyecaps white. FP Mines in Sycamore leaves. (65)

4.070  Trifurcula squamatella 4mm Rare. Aug. From Ipswich. Similar to T. immundella, separated only by gen det. FP Possibly Broom. (46a)

4.057  Stigmella suberivora 3mm Local. May, Sep. Near coasts of S Britain. Head and eyecaps orangey, wings dark. FP Forms blotch in Evergreen Oak, Jul, Nov. (85)

4.071  Bohemannia pulverosella 3.5mm Common. May. Adult speckled, with orange head and creamy eyecaps. FP Forms blotch mine in Apple. (40)

4.058  Stigmella basiguttella 3mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Similar to other Stigmella spp. FP Creates gallery mine in oaks, Jun–Jul, Sep–Oct. (89)

4.072  Bohemannia quadrimaculella 4mm Local. Jul–Aug. Can be beaten from Common Alder. FP Probably Common Alder. (19)

4.059  Stigmella svenssoni 3.5mm Scarce and widespread. May–Jun. Similar to other Stigmella spp., on deciduous oaks. FP Forms gallery in oaks, Aug–Nov. (87)

4.074  Ectoedemia sericopeza 3.5mm Rare. May, Aug. Adults can be found on Norway Maple trunks. Previously confused with E. louisella. FP Norway Maple seeds and leaves. (21)

4.050 RJH

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 26

4.050 Mine in Mountain Avens RJH

4.051 Mine in Salad Burnet JEG

4.053 Mine in apple DGG

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4.054 Mine in hawthorn JP

4.055 Mine in Beech IK

4.056 DJS

4.057 Mine in Holm Oak JP

4.058 Mine in oak IK

4.056 Mine in Sycamore DGG

4.059 IK

4.060  IK

4.062 RH

4.063 Mine in oak IK

4.063 RH

4.062 Mine in Sweet Chestnut DGG

4.065 Mine in Bird’s-foot Trefoil JEG

4.068 IK

4.070 NS

4.071 Mine in apple JEG

4.072 NS

4.074 OW

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28 

NEPTICULIDAE

4.075  Ectoedemia louisella 3.5mm Local. Apr, Jul, Sep. Woods containing Field Maple. FP Seeds of Field Maple. (22)

4.085  Ectoedemia argyropeza 3.5mm Widespread but local. May–Jun. Among Aspen. FP Mines in Aspen leaves. (23)

4.076  Ectoedemia decentella 3.5mm Local. Jun, Aug. Head black. Adults can be found on Sycamore trunks. FP Sycamore seeds. (20)

4.086  Ectoedemia heckfordi 3.5mm Rare. Apr–May. Discovered in (and in Britain known only from) Devon in 2004 by Bob Heckford. FP Creates a contorted mine on sapling oaks in shade. (35a)

4.077  Ectoedemia weaveri 3.5mm Local. Apr–Aug. Submontane, on high moors and mountains. FP Forms a gallery mine, then blotch with pupa, in leaves of Cowberry. (43)

4.087  Ectoedemia quinquella 3mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Adults seen resting on oak trunks. FP Creates a contorted mine in oaks, Oct–Nov. (36)

4.078  Ectoedemia septembrella 3mm Common. May, Aug. Wherever foodplant occurs. FP Mines in leaves of St John’s-worts, Jul, Nov. (42)

4.088  Ectoedemia heringella 3mm Naturalised. Jun–Jul. Discovered in London in 2002. FP Mines in Holm Oak over winter. (36a)



4.079  Ectoedemia atrifrontella 4.5mm Scarce. Jun–Sep. Dull, speckled appearance. FP Mines under bark of sapling oaks. (41)

4.089  Ectoedemia albifasciella 3.5mm Common. Jun–Jul. On oaks throughout. FP Mines in oak leaves in autumn. (37)

4.082  Ectoedemia intimella 3mm Common. Jun. Hard to find though widespread. FP Mines in willows. (25)

4.090  Ectoedemia subbimaculella 3mm Common. Jun–Jul. Mainly SE England. FP Creates a blotch mine with a slit in it in oak leaves, Oct. (38)

4.083  Ectoedemia hannoverella 4mm Local. Apr–May. Discovered breeding in Italian Poplar in Suffolk in 2002. FP Mines in Italian Poplar. (24a)

4.091  Ectoedemia heringi 3.5mm Common. Jul. Oak woods. Similar to E. subbimaculella, but with whiter wing base. FP Forms blotch mine in oaks. (39)

4.075 JBH

4.075 Mine in Field Maple DAG

4.076 PGC

4.077 JEG

4.077 Mine in Cowberry JEG

4.076 TT

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 28

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4.078 PGC

4.078 Mine in St John’s-Wort PGC

4.079 NS

4.082 Mine in Sallow IK

4.082 JEG

4.079 Mine under oak bark OW

4.083 NS

4.085 IK

4.085 Mine shows green island in Aspen OW

4.086  EVN

4.086 Mine in oak IRT

4.087 Mines in oak DGG

4.088 Mine in Holm Oak DGG

4.089 PGC

4.089 Mine in oak IK

4.090 IK

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 29

4.090 Mine in oak IK

4.091 CMM

4.091 Mine in oak IK

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30 

NEPTICULIDAE, OPOSTEGIDAE and HELIOZELIDAE

4.092  Ectoedemia erythrogenella 2.5mm Local. Jul. Coastal in SE England. FP Forms purple blotch mine in Bramble. (32)

4.097  Ectoedemia rubivora 3mm Local. Jun–Jul. In damp locations in SE England and the Burren in Ireland. FP Bramble, especially Dewberry. (31)

4.093  Ectoedemia agrimoniae 2.5mm Local. Jun. Can be abundant on chalk downs. FP Creates mine, then cocoon, in Agrimony leaves. (26)

4.099  Ectoedemia occultella 3.5mm Common. May–Jul. Head black in male, orange in female. FP Mines in birches. (34)

4.094  Ectoedemia angulifasciella 3mm Locally common. Jul. Head creamy. FP Mines in roses or Salad Burnet. (28)

4.100  Ectoedemia minimella 3mm Local. May–Jun. Can be common in birch woods. FP Mines in birches, Hazel. (35)

4.095  Ectoedemia atricollis 3mm Common. Jun. Head orange. FP Creates gallery mine in hawthorns, Apple, pears, cherries. (29)

5 OPOSTEGIDAE There are only four species in this genus in Britain, and only two are likely to be seen. These are pale with large eyecaps (scapes). Larvae are unknown but adults are often associated with the plants mentioned so these may be the foodplants. 5.001  Opostega salaciella 5.5mm Widespread but local. Jun–Jul. All white with large eyecaps. In open habitats. FP Possibly Sheep’s Sorrel. (119)

5.004  Pseudopostega crepusculella 5mm Widespread but local. Jun–Jul. In damp areas. FP Possibly mint. (121)

6 HELIOZELIDAE There are five British species in this family. The tiny, day-flying adults fly in spring sunshine around their host tree. The presence of larvae is often obvious from the leaf mine as, just before pupation, they cut an oval section from the leaf in which to pupate on the ground. 6.002  Antispila treitschkiella 3mm Local. Jun–Jul. Dark, with white fascia, tornal and costal spot. FP Cuts a case in Dogwood leaves in which to pupate. (159)

6.004  Heliozela resplendella 3.5mm Common and widespread. May–Jul. Flies in sun among Common Alder. FP Mines in Common Alder leaves. (156)

6.003  Heliozela sericiella 4mm Widespread. May. Flies around oaks in daylight throughout much of Britain. FP Mines in oak leaves. (154)

6.005  Heliozela hammoniella 3mm Common. Jul–Aug. In birch woods in England. FP On birches, first in a twig then mines in leaves. Cuts out a case in which to pupate. (157)

4.092 Mines in Bramble DGG

Moths 2014 pp018-031.indd 30

4.093 Mine in Agrimony JP

4.094 IK

4.094 Mine in rose JP

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4.095 PGC

4.095 Mine in hawthorn DGG

4.097 Mine in Bramble DGG

4.099  IK

4.099  PGC

4.099 Mine in birch IK

4.100 IK

4.100 Mine in Hazel JP

5.001 PP

5.004 KT

6.002 Vacated mine in Dogwood DGG

6.003 PGC

6.004 GMT

6.005 JSB

6.005 Mine cut out in birch NS

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32 ADELIDAE

7 ADELIDAE Longhorns Antennae in this family of 15 can be four times the length of the forewing, particularly in males, hence the vernacular name. They generally fly in sunshine, sometimes in groups, and they rest with wings steeply roof-like. 7.001  Nemophora degeerella 9mm Common. May–Jul. Flies by day and at dusk in damp woodland in England and Wales. FP Dead leaves. (148)

7.008  Adela croesella 7mm Local. May–Jun. Scattered throughout. Flies in sun around foodplants. FP Sea Buckthorn, Wild Privet, Ash. (151)

7.002  Nemophora metallica 9mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Flies in sun, at dusk and to light. On chalk and limestone downs. FP Seeds and leaves of scabious. (147)

7.009  Cauchas fibulella 5mm Local. May–Jun. Throughout Britain on downland. The smallest longhorn. Flies in sunshine, visits flowers of foodplant. Often with pale basal spot. FP Germander Speedwell seeds and leaves. (153)

7.003  Nemophora cupriacella 7mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Flies in sun on downland and rough ground. Parthenogenetic; only females are known. FP Seeds and leaves of scabious and teasels. (146)

7.004  Horehound Longhorn Moth Nemophora fasciella 7mm Very local. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Males have much longer antennae than females. Scattered distribution, now mainly eastern. Flies in sunshine on wasteground, downs, road verges. FP Black Horehound. (144)

7.010  Cauchas rufimitrella 6mm Local. May–Jun. Throughout; common in the south in damp pasture. Flies in sunshine. FP Seeds and leaves of Cuckooflower, Garlic Mustard. (152) 7.011  Nematopogon pilella 7mm Scarce. May. High moors in Wales, N England and Scotland, the Burren in Ireland. FP Bilberry, in a case made of leaves. (142)

7.005  Nemophora minimella 6mm Very local. Jul–Aug. Metallic gold-green. Flies in sun on chalk downs, marshes, raised bogs. FP Scabious. (145)

7.012  Nematopogon schwarziellus 8mm Common. Apr–Jun. Woods, hedgerows, heaths, moors. FP Dead leaves. (141)

7.006  Adela reaumurella 9mm Common. Apr–Jun. Throughout, but local in Scotland. Flies by day, males in swarms at tree tops. FP Feeds on leaf litter in a portable case. (150)

7.014  Nematopogon metaxella 8mm Local. May–Jul. Male antennae 3 times length of forewing. Slight dark spot in middle of wing. Woods, marshes, downs, gardens. FP In a case among leaf litter. (143)

7.007  Adela cuprella 8mm Very local. Apr–May. Flies in sun around tops of sallows. Heaths, marshes. FP In sallow catkins, then fallen leaves. (149)

7.015  Nematopogon swammerdamella 10mm Common. Apr–Jun. Britain’s largest longhorn. Widespread in woodland throughout. FP Dead leaves. (140)

7.001  CMM

Moths 2014 pp032-051.indd 32

7.002  PGC

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7.003  PGC

7.004  CMM

7.004  NS

7.005 JEG

7.006  NS

7.006  CMM

7.008  NS

7.008  CMM

7.007 NS

7.009 Pair NS

7.009 PGC

7.010 PGC

7.011 JEG

7.012 NS

7.014 CMM

7.014  CMM

7.015 PGC

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34 

INCURVARIIDAE and PRODOXIDAE 8 INCURVARIIDAE

The five species in this family rest with wings steeply roof-like. They fly in sun and come to light. Larvae mine a leaf, then form a case cut from the leaf. 8.001  Incurvaria pectinea 8mm Common. Apr–May. Day-flying but comes to light. Antennae are pectinate in male, thread-like in female. In woods. FP Larvae cut distinctive holes in birches, Hazel and Small-leaved Lime. (129)

8.004  Incurvaria praelatella 7mm Local but widespread. May–Jul. Heaths, downs, damp woods. FP Strawberries, Water Avens. (132)

8.002  Incurvaria masculella 8mm Common. Apr–May. Males have pectinate antennae. Throughout in woods and scrubland. Darker, with sharper markings than above. FP Hawthorn and other bushes. (130)

8.005  Phylloporia bistrigella 4mm Common. May–Jun. In woods throughout. Comes to light. FP Mines birch leaves, Jul–Aug. (128)

8.003  Incurvaria oehlmanniella 7mm Local but widespread. Jun–Jul. Similar to above but with creamy mark on costa, nearly opposite tornal mark but nearer wing tip. Found wherever foodplant grows. FP Bilberry, Cloudberry. (131)

9 PRODOXIDAE Seven species, similar to the previous family. Larvae feed and pupate inside fruits, shoots or stems of woody plants such as currant, bramble, raspberry or rose. Adults usually fly in sunshine. Wing markings can vary.

9.001  Currant Shoot Borer Lampronia capitella 8mm Rare but widespread. UK BAP. May–Jun. Wherever foodplants occur. FP In fruits, then new shoots in spring, of currants and Gooseberry. (133)

9.004  Lampronia morosa 7mm Widespread but local. May–Jun. Dull brown with indistinct white dorsal spot. Larva bright red. In woods, hedges, gardens. FP In shoots of wild or cultivated roses. (137)

9.002  Lampronia luzella 6mm Very local. May–Jul. Woodland. Flies in sunshine. FP Possibly Bramble. (135)



9.006  Lampronia fuscatella 8mm Very local. May–Jun. Flies in the afternoon and to light. Open woods, heaths and moors. FP Larva makes a small gall in a thin twig of a young birch. (138)

9.003  Raspberry Moth Lampronia corticella 6mm Widespread but local. May–Jun. In woods and gardens. Flies in the afternoon and to light. FP In shoots of Raspberry and Loganberry. (136)

8.001  NS

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8.001 Feeding damage in birch IK

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8.002  IK

8.002  PGC

8.003 CMM

8.003 CMM

8.004 DGG

8.005 CMM

8.005 OW

8.004 KT

9.001 OW

9.002 RH

9.003 TT

9.004 SMP

9.006 DAG

9.006 Gall in birch DAG

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TISCHERIIDAE and PSYCHIDAE 10 TISCHERIIDAE

There are five species, which rest with front raised and wings shallowly roof-like. Larvae mine leaves of trees and shrubs, pupating in the mine. Adults come to light. 10.001  Tischeria ekebladella 5mm Common. May–Jun. Dark tips to forewings. Deciduous woods. FP Forms blotch mines, several per leaf, in oaks or Sweet Chestnut, Sep and over winter. (123)

10.003  Coptotriche marginea 4mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Throughout Britain. FP Forms blotch mine in Bramble, overwintering in mine, Apr, Sep. (125)

10.002  Tischeria dodonaea 4mm Local. Jun–Jul. Similar to T. ekebladella, but plain. FP Forms a blotch mine in oaks or Sweet Chestnut, Sep and over winter. (124)

10.006  Coptotriche angusticollella 4.5mm Scarce and local. May–Jun. S Britain. FP Forms papery blotch mine on upperside of rose leaf, Jul. (127)

11 PSYCHIDAE Bagworms The 18 species in this family construct a case from debris in which to live, giving them their vernacular name. Some species exist only as wingless females and reproduce without fertilisation, known as parthenogenesis. Females usually lay eggs in their old case. 11.001  Diplodoma laichartingella 7mm Local. May–Jun. Both sexes have wings. In woodland. FP Feeds on lichens, dead insects, decaying plants, etc., from within larval case. (180)

11.006  Taleporia tubulosa 10mm Common. May–Jun. Throughout Britain to S Scotland. Female is wingless. FP Larva lives in case attached to tree trunks, walls, etc. Lichens, decaying plants. (181)

11.002  Narycia duplicella 6mm Common. May–Jul. Forms a larval case on algae- and lichen-covered trunks. Woods, parks and gardens. FP Feeds on algae from within larval case. (175)

11.007  Bankesia conspurcatella 7mm Rare. Feb–Mar. Male flies in early-morning sun, female wingless. In woods and hedges, on walls, etc. FP Feeds from larval case on leaf litter. (182)

11.003  Dahlica triquetrella 6mm Rare. Mar–Apr. Occurs only as parthenogenetic wingless female. Possibly more widespread than map indicates. FP Feeds on algae from within larval case. (176)

11.008  Luffia lapidella 5–7mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Channel Islands and Cornwall only. Male mottled grey, female wingless. FP Feeds from larval case on algae and lichen on rocks. (184)



11.004  Lesser Lichen Case-bearer Dahlica inconspicuella 7mm Very local. Mar–May. Female is wingless. FP Feeds on algae and lichens from within larval case. (177)

11.009  Luffia ferchaultella 6mm Common. Jul. Abundant in S Britain on tree trunks in damp woods. Occurs only as parthenogenetic wingless female. Larva lives in 6mm-long case attached to tree trunk. FP Lichens. (185)



11.005  Lichen Case-bearer Dahlica lichenella 5mm Rare. Apr. Only occurs as parthenogenetic wingless female in Britain. Possibly overlooked and more widespread than map indicates. FP Feeds on algae and lichens from within larval case. (179)

11.011  Proutia betulina 6–8mm Very local. May–Jul. In SE England on tree trunks, posts, etc., in woodland. Female is wingless. Larva lives in case built from bark. FP Lichens, decaying leaves. (188)

10.001 PGC

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10.001 Mines in Sweet Chestnut PGC 10.002 OW

10.002 Mine in oak OW

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10.003 PGC

10.003 Mine in Bramble IK

10.006 OW

11.002 NS

11.001 NS

10.006 Mine in rose OW

11.002 Larval case IK

11.003 , exuviae and case KT

11.004  PGC

11.005 , exuviae and case KT

11.006 NS

11.006 Case TJN

11.007 DJS

11.009 Larva and case OW

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11.008 Larval case JBH

11.011 Larva and case OW

11.011  OW

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38 

PSYCHIDAE and TINEIDAE

11.012  Psyche casta 6–7mm Common. May–Jul. Found on tree trunks, gateposts, etc. Female is wingless. Larva lives in case constructed from grasses. FP Lichens, grass, decaying plants. (186)

11.016  Acanthopsyche atra 9mm Rare. May–Jun. Male flies in sun, female flightless. Eggs can be distributed by birds after female is eaten. Larva lives in case. Heaths and moors. FP Grasses, sallows. (191)

11.014  Epichnopterix plumella 6mm Very local. Apr–Jun. Mainly in SE England in grasslands and moors. Male flies in midday sun, female wingless. Larva lives in case similar to that of Psyche casta. FP Grasses. (189)

11.017  Pachythelia villosella 12mm Rare. Jun–Aug. On heaths of New Forest, Hampshire and Dorset only. Male similar to Acanthopsyche atra but larger, female flightless. FP Larva feeds on heather in case made from heather. (192)

11.015  Whittleia retiella 5mm Very local. May–Jun. Distinctive male flies in afternoon sun, female wingless. Larva lives in case made from grasses. On saltmarshes in SE England. FP Common Saltmarsh-grass. (190)

11.018  Sterrhopteryx fusca 10–18mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Male comes to light, female flightless. Woods, heaths, moors. FP Larva feeds from case on grass, shrubs, heather, etc. (195)

12 TINEIDAE This family contains 48 species and 14 more that have probably been imported, including the clothes moths and others associated with birds’ nests, owl pellets etc. Several live in barns and outhouses. 12.003  Eudarcia richardsoni 4mm Rare and local. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Endemic to rocky Dorset coast. Larva lives in case. FP Lichen on rocks. (202)

12.011  Triaxomera fulvimitrella 9mm Local. May–Jul. Flies in morning and to light. Woodland. FP Bracket fungi, rotten wood. (225)

12.005  Infurcitinea albicomella 5mm Rare. Jul–Aug. On warm rocky cliffs in Torquay, Devon, only. FP Among detritus below Cotoneaster microphyllus. (204)

12.012  Triaxomera parasitella 8mm Common. May–Jul. Widespread through most of S Britain in woodland. Diurnal and comes to light. FP Bracket fungi, rotten wood. (224)

12.006  Infurcitinea argentimaculella 4mm Local. Jun–Jul. In shaded woods, parks, gardens. Flies in sun but most easily seen as larva. FP Larva feeds on lichens from within silk case camouflaged with lichen. (203)

12.013  Archinemapogon yildizae 9mm Rare. May–Jul. Inhabits old birch woodland with bracket fungi. Flies at dusk and to light; sometimes seen resting on birch. FP Feeds inside bracket fungi on birch. (222)

12.010  Morophaga choragella 13mm Local. Jun–Aug. Woodland. FP Bracket fungi. (196)

12.014  Nemaxera betulinella 7mm Very local. May–Aug. Woodland. FP Bracket fungi, dead wood. (223)

11.012  emerging from case PGC

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11.012  PGC

11.012 Case DGG

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11.014  NS

11.015  AWP

11.016  PHS

11.017  JV

11.017 Case CMM

11.016  emerging PHS

11.018  DAG

11.018 Case and larva JEG

12.003 MSP

12.006 DJS

12.006 Larval case DJS

12.003 Larval case MSP

12.005 RH

12.010 NS

12.011 KT

12.012 PGC

12.013 DAG

12.014 OW

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40 

TINEIDAE



12.015  Corn Moth Nemapogon granella 7mm Widespread but local. Mar–Sep. In food warehouses, granaries, etc. FP Grains and stored foods, bracket fungi outdoors. (215)





12.016  Cork Moth Nemapogon cloacella 8mm Common. May–Jul. Day-flying and comes to light. Woodland with bracket fungi on dead wood. FP Bracket fungi. (216)

12.031  Tinea columbariella 6mm Local. Inhabits nests of birds, e.g. House Sparrow, House Martin, Swallow, in dovecotes. FP Scavenger on bird waste. (239)

12.027  Case-bearing Clothes Moth Tinea pellionella 6mm Common. Apr–Oct. Found indoors and in outbuildings, sometimes as infestations but generally declining. FP Wool, fur, feathers, hair, etc. (240)

12.017  Nemapogon wolffiella 6mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Darker than N. cloacella. Woodland. FP Dead wood and fungi. (217)

12.032  Tinea semifulvella 9mm Common. May–Oct. Abundant throughout in birds’ nests. FP Scavenger in nests. (246)

12.019  Nemapogon ruricolella 6mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. In woods in S Britain and Ireland. Similar to N. cloacella but paler. FP Dead wood and fungi. (219)

12.033  Tinea trinotella 7mm Common. Apr–Sep. Abundant throughout in birds’ nests. FP Scavenger in nests, feeding from a portable case. (247)

12.020  Nemapogon variatella 7mm Scarce. Mar–Aug. Mostly in London area. Similar to N. ruricolella but paler. FP Dead wood, fungi. RH (218)



12.034  Brown-dotted Clothes Moth Niditinea fuscella 7mm Local. May–Sep. Widespread in poultry houses and birds’ nests. FP Bird waste and feathers. (237)

12.021  Nemapogon clematella 7mm Local. Apr–Aug. Widespread in England and Wales in woods, hedgerows. FP Rotten wood and fungi, especially dead Hazel. (220)



12.036  Skin Moth Monopis laevigella 8mm Common. Mar–Sep. Tornal spot is small and obscure. Woods, parks, gardens. FP Birds’ nests, owl pellets, animal carcasses, etc. (227)

12.0221  Nemapogon falstriella 6mm Rare. Aug. New to Britain, first recorded by N. Sherman in 2007 in Ipswich, Suffolk. FP Unknown. (221a)

12.037  Monopis weaverella 7mm Common. Apr–Oct. Prominent tornal spot. Widespread in woods, parks, gardens, barns. FP Birds’ nests, owl pellets, animal carcasses, etc. (228)



12.025  Tapestry Moth Trichophaga tapetzella 9mm Rare. May–Aug. Formerly widespread and quite common in farm buildings, now rarely seen. FP Owl pellets, birds’ nests, animal waste. (234)

12.038  Monopis obviella 6mm Common. May–Oct. Mainly in S Britain in gardens, scrub, cliffs, unheated buildings. Darker and smaller than M. crocicapitella. FP Plant and animal refuse. (229)



12.026  Common Clothes Moth Tineola bisselliella 7mm Common. Feb–Sep. Generally found indoors, preferring to run rather than fly. FP Animal materials such as wool, fur, hair, feathers, etc. (236)

12.039  Monopis crocicapitella 7mm Local. May–Oct. Paler and larger than M. obviella. Gardens, scrub, cliffs, unheated buildings. FP Birds’ nests, plant and animal refuse. (230)

12.015 PGC

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12.016 PGC

12.016 CMM

15/10/2014 13:26

12.017 NS

12.019 PGC

12.021 PGC

12.020 RH

12.0221 NS

12.025 JV

12.026 NS

12.027 Case and exuviae CMM

12.031 JBH

12.032 CMM

12.027 CMM

12.033 IK

12.034 OW

12.036 CMM

12.037 OW

12.038 CMM

12.039 CMM

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42 

TINEIDAE, ROESLERSTAMMIIDAE and BUCCULATRICIDAE

12.040  Monopis imella 7mm Very local. Apr–Oct. Widespread, especially coastal. FP Birds’ nests, plant and animal refuse. (231)



12.041  Monopis monachella 8mm Rare. May–Sep. Coastal and fens of East Anglia. FP Scavenger in owl pellets, birds’ nests, animal carcasses. (232)

12.047  Psychoides verhuella 6mm Local. Jun–Jul. In ferns in woods, hedges, gardens. FP Mines in mature Hart’s-tongue fern. (199)

12.044  Haplotinea insectella 8mm Rare. May–Aug. Farm buildings, stables, granaries, food warehouses. FP Dried foods, cereals, animal waste, etc. (212)

12.048  Psychoides filicivora 6mm Local. Jun–Aug. In ferns, mainly coastal. FP Mines in mature Hart’s-tongue and other ferns. (200)

12.046  Yellow V Moth Oinophila v-flava 5mm Rare. Jul–Sep. Isles of Scilly only. Occasionally in warehouses or wine cellars. FP Dry vegetable matter. (277)

12.045  Opogona omoscopa 7mm Scarce. Sep–Oct. Sometimes imported but established in Guernsey and Isles of Scilly. Widespread in Australia, Africa, Asia. FP Decaying vegetable matter. (278a)

13 ROESLERSTAMMIIDAE A single species with metallic wings held steeply roof-like. Antennae almost as long as forewings, dark with a distinct pale section. Adult comes to light. 13.002  Roeslerstammia erxlebella 6mm Local. Apr–Sep. Double-brooded in the south. Bronzy forewing, yellowish crown, white band on antennae. Woodland. FP Limes, especially Small-leaved, and birches. (447)

14 BUCCULATRICIDAE There are 13 species in this family, all small with forewing lengths of 3–4.5 mm and a tuft on the head. Larvae start by mining leaves, then feed externally, creating ‘windows’ underneath leaves. 14.002  Bucculatrix nigricomella 4.5mm Common. Apr–May, Aug. Widespread wherever foodplant grows. Distinctive white eyecaps. FP Mines in Ox-eye Daisy. (266)

14.006  Bucculatrix frangutella 4mm Local. Jun–Jul. Purple mines, several to a leaf, are distinctive in Aug–Sep. FP Buckthorn, Alder Buckthorn. (270)

14.003  Bucculatrix maritima 4.5mm Common. Jun, Aug. On coastal saltings. Flies in evening sun and to light. FP Mines in Sea Aster. (267)

14.007  Bucculatrix albedinella 4.5mm Local. Jun. Adult is found on trunks of elms in S England. Distinctive gallery mines have diverticula, or short projections from the mine itself. FP English or Small-leaved elms. (271)

12.040 NS

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12.041 CMM

15/10/2014 13:26

12.044 RH

12.045 TT

12.046 DAG

12.047 KT

12.047 Larval case DGG

12.048 RJH

13.002 NS

13.002 RJH

14.002 Mines in Ox-eye Daisy CMM

14.003 CMM

14.002 CMM

14.006 Mines in Buckthorn DGG

14.006 RH

Moths 2014 pp032-051.indd 43

14.007 NS

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44 

BUCCULATRICIDAE and GRACILLARIIDAE

14.008  Bucculatrix cidarella 4.5mm Widespread but local. May–Jun. Flies in evening sun. Usually on Common Alder, occasionally Bog-myrtle. FP Gallery mines in Bog-myrtle or Common Alder, Aug–Sep. (272)

14.012  Bucculatrix bechsteinella 4mm Common. May–Jun. In woodland in most of England. FP Mines in hawthorns, pears, Apple, Rowan. (275)

14.009  Bucculatrix thoracella 4mm Local. Jun, Aug. In ancient woods with Small-leaved Lime, or on Common Lime even in cities. FP Forms gallery mines in limes. (273)

14.013  Bucculatrix demaryella 4mm Widespread but local. May–Jun. Open woods, heaths, moors. FP Birch, Hazel, Sweet Chestnut. (276)

14.010  Bucculatrix ulmella 4mm Common. Apr–Jun, Aug. Throughout Britain. FP Creates contorted mines in oak leaves. (274)

15 GRACILLARIIDAE Of the 95 species in this family the first group of 33 rest with a distinctive head-up tripod posture. Most are distinctive, though some of the genus Parornix may need genitalia dissection for identification. Moths in the genus Phyllonorycter are very striking but many are similar, and they are best bred from leaf mines for certain identification. 15.001  Parectopa ononidis 4mm Local. May–Jun, Aug. Coastal, chalk downs, grassland. FP Forms a pale brown blotch on leaves of various clovers. (299)

15.006  Caloptilia rufipennella 7mm Common. Jul–May. Adult hibernates. Forewing unmarked. FP Sycamore or maples; makes cones on leaves. (284)

15.002  Caloptilia cuculipennella 7mm Local. Sep–May. Commonest along south coast. Adult overwinters. Sometimes 2nd generation in Jul. In coastal scrub and inland woods. FP Forms cones on leaves of Wild Privet, Ash. (280)

15.007  Caloptilia azaleella 5mm Local. May–Nov. Double-brooded. Common in gardens with azaleas. FP Leaves of azaleas; makes cones. (285)

15.003  Caloptilia populetorum 8mm Local. Aug–Sep, Apr–May. Widespread throughout on heathland, moors and open woods. Hibernates. FP Mines in birch leaves of young trees. (281)

15.008  Caloptilia alchimiella 7mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout in oak woodland. Extensive yellow costal blotch. FP Feeds from cone on leaves of oak. (286)

15.004  Caloptilia elongella 8mm Common. Jun, Sep–May. Throughout in damp woods, marshes, gardens. Hind leg is same colour as wings. Two broods, 2nd brood hibernates. FP Mines in Common Alder leaves. (282)

15.009  Caloptilia robustella 7mm Common. Apr–May, Aug. Throughout in oak woodland. Very similar to C. alchimiella but costal blotch shorter and more triangular. FP Feeds from cone on leaves of oak. (287)

15.005  Caloptilia betulicola 8mm Common. Jun, Aug–Mar. Two broods, 2nd brood hibernates. Throughout in woods and heaths. Similar to C. elongella but hind leg is conspicuously whitish. FP Mines in birch leaves. (283)

15.010  Caloptilia stigmatella 7mm Common. Jun–Jul, Aug–May. Hibernates. Woods throughout. FP Feeds from cone on leaves of willows, poplars, Aspen. (288)

14.008 NS

Moths 2014 pp032-051.indd 44

14.008 Mine in Bog-myrtle DGG

14.010 TM

14.010 Mine in oak IK

16/10/2014 12:09

14.009 TM

14.012 NS

14.013 PGC

15.001 OW

15.002 PGC

15.003 CMM

15.004 CMM

15.004 CMM

15.005 NS

15.006 CMM

15.007 CMM

15.007 CMM

15.008 OW

15.009 TJN

15.010 CMM

Moths 2014 pp032-051.indd 45

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GRACILLARIIDAE

15.011  Caloptilia falconipennella 7mm Rare and local. Sep–Mar. Adult hibernates. Alder woods, riverbanks. FP Creates mines and folds on leaves of Common Alder. (289)

15.018  Povolnya leucapennella 7mm Local. Sep–Oct, Mar–May. Woods throughout. Hibernates. Has tuft below labial palps which other similar Caloptilia spp. lack. FP Mines in leaves of evergreen oaks. (292)

15.012  Caloptilia semifascia 6mm Local. Jul–Oct. Woodland in S Britain. Has 2 dimorphic generations, autumn one overwintering. FP Forms cone at edge of Field Maple leaves. (290)

15.019  Acrocercops brongniardella 4.5mm Local. Year-round. S Britain and Ireland in open woods, parks, gardens. FP Forms blotch mines on deciduous and evergreen oaks. (313)

15.013  Caloptilia hemidactylella 7mm Rare and local. Sep–May. Hibernates. Woodland. FP Forms cone at edge of Sycamore and maple leaves. (291)

15.0201  Dialectica scalariella 5mm Immigrant. Recorded in Kent, Sep 2004. FP Viper’s-bugloss. (311a)

15.014  Gracillaria syringella 6mm Common. Mar–Nov. Can be abundant, in woods and gardens throughout. FP Forms cone on leaves of Lilac, privets or Ash. (293) 15.015  Aspilapteryx tringipennella 6mm Common. Apr–Oct. Widespread on downs, rough grass, verges. Flies in afternoon sun. FP Mines in leaves of Ribwort Plantain. (294) 15.016  Euspilapteryx auroguttella 5mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Open woods, downs, grassland. FP Forms mines, then cones, on leaves of St John’s-worts. (297) 15.017  Calybites phasianipennella 5mm Local. Jul–May. Hibernates. Widespread in damp woods and fens, scarce in Scotland. Two forms. FP Mines in leaves of Water-pepper, Redshank, Black Bindweed, sorrels, docks, Yellow Loosestrife. (296)

15.011 PGC

Moths 2014 pp032-051.indd 46

15.012 Summer brood OW

15.022  Callisto denticulella 6mm Common. May–Jun. Widespread in orchards and gardens. FP Creates folds at edge of Apple leaves. (310)

15.025  Parornix betulae 5mm Common. May, Aug. Heaths and open woods throughout. Visual ID is insufficient – needs gen det and/or breeding details, as with other Parornix spp. FP Leaves of birch seedlings. (301) 15.028  Parornix anglicella 5mm Common. Apr–May, Aug. Throughout. Visual ID of adult uncertain, but cone mine is distinctive. FP Forms a cone on hawthorn leaves. (303) 15.029  Parornix devoniella 5mm Common. May, Aug. Throughout. FP Forms a folded edge to Hazel leaves. (304)

15.030  Parornix scoticella 5mm Local. May, Aug. Similar to other Parornix spp. but palps and frons are white. FP Forms a folded edge to Rowan leaves. (305)

15.012 Autumn brood OW

15/10/2014 13:26

15.013 NS

15.014 CMM

15.015 CMM

15.016 KT

15.017 f. quadruplella CMM

15.017 OW

15.018 OW

15.019 NS

15.019 Mines in oak JP

15.0201 RH

15.022 DGG

15.025 CMM

15.028 CMM

15.028 Mines in hawthorn DGG

15.029 PGC

15.030 Mine in Rowan JEG

15.030 JEG

15.029 Mine in Hazel IK

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GRACILLARIIDAE

15.031  Parornix alpicola 5mm Rare. May–Jun. Similar to other Parornix spp. but confined to rocky coastal hills of W Sutherland. Otherwise known from Alps of central Europe. FP Mines in Mountain Avens leaves. (306)

15.040  Phyllonorycter messaniella 4mm Common. Apr–Dec. Widespread. Continuously brooded, overwinters as larva. FP Mines in evergreen or deciduous oaks, Beech, Sweet Chestnut. (321)

15.032  Parornix finitimella 5mm Local. May, Aug. Scrub, hedges, heaths. Previously confused with P. torquillella. FP Blackthorn. (308)

15.041  Phyllonorycter platani 4mm Local. Apr–May, Aug. Discovered in London in 1989. Mainly urban due to foodplant. FP Forms blotch mines in London Plane. (321a)

15.033  Parornix torquillella 5mm Common. May–Jul. Scrub, hedges, heaths. FP Blackthorn. (309)

15.042  Phyllonorycter muelleriella 4mm Scarce. May, Aug. Ancient oak woods. FP Mines in deciduous oaks. (322)

15.034  Phyllonorycter harrisella 4.5mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Throughout Britain in woods, parks, farms. FP Mines in deciduous oaks. (315)

15.043  Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae 4mm Common. May, Aug. Throughout Britain. FP Underside of hawthorn leaves, sometimes pear. (323)

15.035  Phyllonorycter roboris 4mm Scarce. Jun. In ancient woodland. FP Mines in deciduous oaks. (316)

15.044  Phyllonorycter sorbi 4mm Common. Apr–May, Aug. Widespread, most common in the north. FP Underside of Rowan or Bird Cherry leaves. (324)

15.036  Phyllonorycter heegeriella 4mm Common. May, Aug. In oak woods. FP Mines in deciduous oaks. (317)

15.046  Phyllonorycter blancardella 4mm Common. May, Aug. Variable; white streaks can be joined. FP Forms blotch mine on Apple or pear. (326)

15.039  Phyllonorycter quercifoliella 4mm Common. Apr–May, Aug–Sep. In oak woods throughout. FP Mines in deciduous oaks. (320)

15.047  Phyllonorycter hostis 4mm Local. May, Aug. Formerly known as P. cydoniella. FP Mines in Quince, Crab Apple or Wild Service-tree leaves. (327) 15.048  Phyllonorycter junoniella 4mm Local. Jun–Jul. On high moors in Wales northwards. FP Leaves of Cowberry. (328)

15.031 RJH

15.034 PGC

Moths 2014 pp032-051.indd 48

15.032 OW

15.033 CMM

15.034 Mine in oak IK

15/10/2014 14:21

15.035 IK

15.036 PGC

15.036 Mine in oak IK

15.039 IK

15.040 CMM

15.041 CMM

15.043 OW

15.042 TT

15.041 Mines in Plane CMM

15.043 Mine in hawthorn CMM

15.044 OW

15.044 Mine in Rowan DGG

15.046 PGC

15.046 OW

15.046 Mine in Apple IK

15.047 IK

15.048 JEG

15.048 Mine in Cowberry IK

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50 

GRACILLARIIDAE

15.049  Phyllonorycter spinicolella 3.5mm Common. May, Aug. Similar to P. cerasicolella but foodplant differs. FP Mines in Blackthorn leaves. (329)

15.057  Phyllonorycter dubitella 4mm Local. May, Aug. S England. FP Mines in Goat Willow, causing leaves to fold. (336)

15.050  Phyllonorycter cerasicolella 4mm Common. May, Aug. Mainly southern. FP On wild or cultivated cherries. (330)

15.058  Phyllonorycter hilarella 4mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Widespread throughout Britain. FP Creates large, irregular-shaped mines in sallows. (337)

15.051  Phyllonorycter lantanella 4.5mm Local. May, Aug. Mainly southern. FP On Wayfaringtree or Guelder-rose. Overwinters in mine. (331)

15.060  Phyllonorycter ulicicolella 3.5mm Local. Jun–Jul. Mostly in S England. Mines are hard to find but adults can be obtained by beating gorse bushes. FP In gorse at tip of a shoot. (339)

15.052  Phyllonorycter corylifoliella 4mm Local. May, Aug. Adult weakly marked. FP Larva feeds on various foodplants, unlike other Phyllonorycter spp. except P. leucographella, including hawthorns, Apple, Rowan. (332)

15.061  Phyllonorycter scopariella 3.5mm Local. Jun–Jul. Scattered distribution. Mines are hard to find but adults can be obtained by beating Broom bushes. FP In Broom at tip of a shoot. (340)

15.053  Firethorn Leaf Miner Phyllonorycter leucographella 4mm Naturalised. May–Oct. First discovered in Essex in 1989. Can be abundant on Pyracantha bushes, in almost every leaf. Also on hawthorns, cherries, etc. Spreading rapidly northwards. FP Forms a blotch mine in leaves of Firethorn, hawthorns, cherries, etc. (332a)

15.063  Phyllonorycter maestingella 4mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Throughout British Isles. FP Mines on underside of Beech leaves. (341)

15.054  Phyllonorycter viminiella 4mm Local. May–Jun, Aug. Weakly marked. Mostly in wetland. FP Narrow-leaved willows. (333)

15.056  Phyllonorycter salicicolella 4mm Common. May, Aug. Throughout, more common in the south. FP Forms a blotch on underside of sallow leaves. (335)



15.064  Nut Leaf Blister Moth Phyllonorycter coryli 4mm Common. May, Aug. Throughout. FP Mines in Hazel leaves. (342)

15.065  Phyllonorycter esperella 4mm Local. May, Aug. Locally common in SE England. FP Upperside of Hornbeam leaves. (343)

15.049 IK

15.050 IK

15.050 Mine in cherry IK

15.051 OW

15.052 JBH

15.052 Mine in hawthorn IK

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15.053 CMM

15.053 Mines in Firethorn CMM

15.054 PGC

15.054 Mine in Narrow-leaved Willow IK

15.056 NS

15.057 PGC

15.058 Pair DGG

15.058 PGC

15.060 NS

15.061 BS

15.063 PGC

15.064 Pair TT

15.064 TT

15.065 OW

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52 

GRACILLARIIDAE

15.066  Phyllonorycter strigulatella 4mm Scarce and local. May, Jul–Aug. Common where it occurs, but limited to isolated colonies where its foodplant grows. FP Forms long, narrow mines in Grey Alder, often several to a leaf. (344)

15.076  Phyllonorycter emberizaepenella 5mm Local but widespread. May, Aug. Never common but found throughout Britain, rare in Ireland. FP Forms large mines in Honeysuckle or Snowberry leaves. (354)

15.067  Phyllonorycter rajella 4mm Common. May, Aug. Variable, sometimes quite dark. Common wherever foodplants occur. FP Alder leaves. (345)

15.078  Phyllonorycter tristrigella 4mm Common. May, Aug. England and Wales. FP Mines on underside of elm leaves. (356)

15.069  Phyllonorycter anderidae 3mm Scarce and local. May, Aug. Breeding area depends on growth of seedling birches on heaths and moors. FP Leaves of seedling birches. (347)

15.079  Phyllonorycter stettinensis 3.5mm Common. May, Aug. England and Wales. FP Mines on upperside of Common Alder leaves. (357)

15.070  Phyllonorycter quinqueguttella 3.5mm Very local. May, Aug. Mainly coastal, on dunes or heaths where foodplant occurs. FP Forms blotch mines underneath leaves of creeping willows, causing leaves to fold up. (348)

15.080  Phyllonorycter froelichiella 5mm Common. Jul–Aug. Locally common in Britain, rare in Ireland. FP Forms very large mines on underside of Common Alder leaves. (358)

15.073  Phyllonorycter lautella 4mm Common. May, Aug. Locally common throughout Britain. FP Mines in leaves of oak seedlings or saplings. (351)

15.081  Phyllonorycter nicellii 4mm Widespread and common. May, Aug. Throughout British Isles. FP Mines underneath Hazel leaves. (359)

15.074  Phyllonorycter schreberella 3.5mm Common. May, Aug. Locally common in S England. FP Underside of elm leaves. (352)

15.082  Phyllonorycter klemannella 4mm Common. Aug. Widespread in damp woodland. FP Often several mines together underneath Common Alder leaf. (360)

15.075  Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella 4mm Common. May, Aug. Widespread on birches, in spite of its species name. FP Mines in leaves of birches. (353)

15.066 OW

15.066 Mine in Grey Alder IK

15.067 IK

15.069 Mines in seedling birch IK

15.070 CMM

15.070 Mine in Creeping Willow JS

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15.073 PGC

15.073 Mine in oak IK

15.074 PGC

15.075 Pair PGC

15.075 IK

15.076 IK

15.078 PGC

15.078 Mine in elm IK

15.076 Mine in Snowberry IK

15.079 PGC

15.079 OW

15.079 Mine in Alder DGG

15.080 OW

15.080 PGC

15.081 IK

15.082 IK

15.082 Mine in Alder IK

15.081 Mine in Hazel IK

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54 

GRACILLARIIDAE and YPONOMEUTIDAE

15.083  Phyllonorycter trifasciella 4.5mm Common. May, Aug, Nov. Common in England and Wales, local in Scotland and Ireland. FP Forms cone at edge of leaf of Honeysuckle or Snowberry. (361) 15.084  Phyllonorycter acerifoliella 4mm Locally common. May, Aug. In England and S Wales where Field Maple grows. Similar to P. joannisi but foodplant differs. FP Mines underneath edge of Field Maple leaves, causing them to fold under. (362) 15.085  Phyllonorycter joannisi 4mm Local. May, Aug. Expanding its range northwards. FP Forms blotch mines on underside of Norway Maple leaves. (363) 15.086  Phyllonorycter geniculella 4mm Common. May, Aug. Throughout Britain. FP Forms blotch mines on underside of Sycamore leaves. (364)

15.087  Phyllonorycter comparella 4mm Scarce and local. Aug, Oct–May. Second generation overwinters as adult. FP Mines on leaves of Grey, White or Black poplars. (365)

15.088  Scarce Aspen Midget Moth Phyllonorycter sagitella 4.5mm Rare. UK BAP. May, Jul–Aug. Central England and Wales. FP Forms blotch mines in Common Aspen. (366)

15.089  Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner Cameraria ohridella 3.5mm Naturalised. May–Oct. Originated from Lake Ohrid in Macedonia. First discovered in Wimbledon, London, 2002. Can seriously damage host tree owing to sheer numbers. FP Mines leaves of Horse Chestnut, many per leaf, causing brown blotches. (366a) 15.090  Phyllocnistis saligna 3.5mm Scarce and local. Jul, Sep–Apr. S England only. Adult overwinters in hay or thatch. FP Mines in leaves of smooth-leaved willows. (367) 15.092  Phyllocnistis unipunctella 3mm Common. Jul, Sep–Apr. Wherever foodplant grows in S Britain. Second generation overwinters as adult. FP Mine is distinctive ‘snail trail’ around leaf of Black or Lombardy Poplar; pupates in turned-over leaf edge. (368) 15.093  Phyllocnistis xenia 3.5mm Rare. Jul, Sep–Apr. First discovered in Kent in 1974. Adult very similar to other Phyllocnistis spp. so needs to be bred for certain identification. FP Mine is distinctive ‘snail trail’ around leaf of Grey or White Poplar, pupating in turned over edge. (369) 15.0931  Phyllocnistis citrella 4mm Import. On imported citrus trees. FP Forms gallery mine in citrus leaves. (366b)

16 YPONOMEUTIDAE A variable family of 24 including the Small Ermines. Most start as leaf miners but several then live communally in silk webs, often in vast numbers and completely defoliating trees and hedges.

16.001  Bird-cherry Ermine Yponomeuta evonymella 12mm Common. Jun–Sep. Widespread throughout, especially in the north. FP Bird Cherry, in huge communal webs. (424)



16.002  Orchard Ermine Yponomeuta padella 10mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread throughout. Grey ground colour. Very similar to Apple Ermine. FP Blackthorn and hawthorns, in huge communal web, defoliating hedgerows. (425)

15.083 Pair IK

Moths 2014 pp052-071.indd 54

15.083 Pair JV



16.003  Apple Ermine Yponomeuta malinellus 11mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread throughout, in orchards and gardens. Ground colour of wing whiter than in Orchard Ermine. FP On Apple, especially cultivars, in a communal web. (426)

15.087 OW

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15.084  CMM

15.084 Mine in Field Maple IK

15.085 IK

15.086 OW

15.086 Mine in Sycamore IK

CMM

15.088 OW

15.088 Mines in Aspen DAG

15.089  CMM

15.092 CMM

15.092 Mine in Lombardy Poplar CMM

15.089 Mines in Horse Chestnut CMM

15.090 NS

15.093 Mine in White Poplar JS

15.0931 Mine in citrus DAG

16.001 CMM

16.002 CMM

16.003 CMM

15.085 Mine and exuvia in Norway Maple

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56 

YPONOMEUTIDAE



16.004  Spindle Ermine Yponomeuta cagnagella 12mm Common. Jun–Sep. Widespread throughout on calcareous soils. Fringe at outer edge is white, not grey as in Orchard and Apple ermines. FP Spindle, gregariously in a web. (427)

16.017  Swammerdamia pyrella 6mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Sep. Widespread throughout. Similar to Pseudoswammerdamia combinella but thorax dark, termen coppery. FP Apple, pears, hawthorns. (438)



16.005  Willow Ermine Yponomeuta rorrella 12mm Local. Jul–Aug. Absent from Ireland. Forewing suffused grey but with pale patch near apex on costa. FP White and Grey willows. (428)

16.019  Paraswammerdamia albicapitella 6mm Common. Apr–Sep. Wherever foodplant occurs, but rare in the north. White head and thorax. FP Blackthorn, in a web. (440)

16.006  Yponomeuta irrorella 11mm Rare. Jul–Aug. On chalk downland near coast in SE England. FP Spindle. (429)

16.020  Paraswammerdamia nebulella 7mm Common. May–Aug. Widespread, but local in Scotland. FP Hawthorns, Rowan, roses, cotoneasters. (441)

16.007  Yponomeuta plumbella 9mm Local. Jul–Aug. Common in the south, absent from Scotland and Northern Ireland. Scrub and hedges on chalk or limestone. FP Spindle. (430)

16.021  Cedestis gysseleniella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Widespread in England and Scotland. In pine woods and pine scrub on heathland. FP Mines in pine needles. (442)

16.008  Yponomeuta sedella 8mm Very local. Apr–May, Jul–Aug. In ancient woods, hedgebanks, gardens. Adult is grey with black dots, only 1 small dot at termen. FP Orpines or ice plants in gardens. (431)

16.022  Cedestis subfasciella 5.5mm Common. Mar–Sep. Widespread throughout. In pine woods and pine scrub on heathland. FP Mines in pine needles. (443)

16.010  Zelleria hepariella 7mm Local. Jul–Apr. Hibernates. Throughout Britain in woodland, scrub, hedgerows, mainly on calcareous soils. Rests head down, unlike similar-looking Caloptilia spp. FP In web among leaf tips of Ash. (435)

16.023  Ocnerostoma piniariella 5mm Local. Jun–Jul. In pine woods and pine scrub on heathland. Antennae white. FP Mines in Scots Pine needles. (444)

16.011  Zelleria oleastrella 7mm Import. Several records in 2006. FP Olive. (435a)

16.024  Ocnerostoma friesei 5mm Local. Mar–Oct. Three broods per year. Similar to O. piniariella but antennae grey. In pine woods and pine scrub on heathland. Males are grey. FP Mines in Scots Pine needles. (445)

16.014  Pseudoswammerdamia combinella 8mm Common. Mar–Jun. Widespread, most common in the south. Thorax white, orange patch at apex. FP Blackthorn. (436) 16.015  Swammerdamia caesiella 6mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Throughout in heath, scrub, open woodland. Comes to light. FP Birches, in a silk web on upper surface of leaf. (437)

16.004 CMM

Moths 2014 pp052-071.indd 56

16.005 CMM

16/10/2014 11:56

16.006 RH

16.007 CMM

16.008 NS

16.010 NS

16.011 DAG

16.014 OW

16.015 CMM

16.017 CMM

16.017 CMM

16.019 TM

16.020 CMM

16.021 NS

16.022 PGC

16.023 NS

16.024  NS

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58 

YPSOLOPHIDAE 17 YPSOLOPHIDAE

There are two groups (genera) with 12 Ypsolopha and three Ochsenheimeria. The Ypsolopha tend to rest slightly declining with antennae forward and have a furry tuft on the palps looking like a snout. 17.001  Ypsolopha mucronella 14mm Local. Aug–Apr. Hibernates, but flies on mild nights in Nov. Elongated wing tips are distinctive. In woods on calcareous soils. FP Spindle. (451)

17.009  Ypsolopha sylvella 9mm Local. Jul–Nov. Oak woods. FP Oaks. (459)

17.002  Ypsolopha nemorella 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. In woodland throughout. Black spot near halfway down dorsal edge. FP Honeysuckle. (452)

17.010  Ypsolopha parenthesella 8mm Common. Jul–Oct. Widespread in woods throughout. Two forms, but usually with white to halfway along costa. FP Oaks, Hornbeam, Hazel, birches. (460)

17.003  Honeysuckle Moth Ypsolopha dentella 10mm Common. Jun–Sep. Woodland and gardens throughout. FP Honeysuckle. (453)

17.011  Ypsolopha ustella 9mm Common. Aug–Apr. Hibernates. Oak woods throughout. Very variable. Flies and comes to light in winter. FP Oaks. (461)



17.005  Ypsolopha scabrella 11mm Common. Jun–Oct. Open woods and gardens. FP Hawthorn, Apple. (455)

17.012  Ypsolopha sequella 9mm Common. Jul–Oct. Widespread in woods, scrub and gardens. FP Acer spp., e.g. Field Maple, Sycamore. (462)

17.006  Ypsolopha horridella 9mm Local. Jul–Sep. Black scale tufts are distinctive. Woods, scrub, gardens. FP Blackthorn, Apple. (456)

17.013  Ypsolopha vittella 9mm Local but widespread. Jul–Sep. Throughout, in woods or isolated trees. Also has a plainer, darker form. FP Elms, Beech. (463)

17.007  Ypsolopha lucella 9mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. White head, reticulated markings. Woods and heaths. FP Oaks. (457)

17.014  Ochsenheimeria taurella 6mm Local. Jul–Sep. Hairy-looking, with ‘hairy’ antennae. Flies in sun around midday in grassland. FP Mines in stems of grasses. (251)

17.008  Ypsolopha alpella 8mm Local. Jul–Oct. Oak woods. FP Oaks. (458)

17.001 CMM

17.002 PGC

17.003 CMM

17.005 CMM

17.006 DAG

17.006 KT

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17.007 PGC

17.008 PGC

17.009 NS

17.010 CMM

17.010 CMM

17.011 CMM

17.011 CMM

17.011 CMM

17.011 CMM

17.011 PGC

17.011 NS

17.011 CJS

17.012 CMM

17.014 PGC

Moths 2014 pp052-071.indd 59

17.013 NS

17.014 RH

17.014 PGC

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60 

YPSOLOPHIDAE, PLUTELLIDAE and GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE

17.015  Ochsenheimeria urella 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. More frequent in N Britain. Less ‘hairy’ than O. taurella. Flies in morning sun in grassland. FP Mines in stems of grasses. (252)



17.016  Cereal Stem Moth Ochsenheimeria vacculella 6mm Scarce and local. Jul–Aug. Antennae not ‘hairy’. Flies in sun in grassland. FP Stems of coarse grasses and cereals. (253)

18 PLUTELLIDAE The seven species rest slightly inclined with antennae forward and wings steeply roof-like. Includes the two genera of Plutella, whose adults do not overwinter, and Rhigognostis, whose adults do, and the ubiquitous P. xylostella that occurs worldwide.

18.001  Diamond-back Moth Plutella xylostella 7mm Migrant. May, Jul–Sep. Breeding migrant that can be abundant almost anywhere. FP Brassicas. (464)

18.005  Rhigognostis annulatella 9mm Local. Jul–Apr. Hibernates. Mainly rocky coastal grassland. FP Flowers and spun leaves of scurvy-grasses and Hairy Bitter-cress. (467)

18.002  Plutella haasi 7mm Rare. Jun–Jul. On mountains in NW Scotland. FP Northern Rock-cress. (465a)

18.006  Rhigognostis incarnatella 11mm Rare and local. Sep–Jun. Hibernates. Scattered locations, mainly near coasts. FP Dame’s Violet or Hoary Whitlowgrass, in webbing. (468)

18.003  Plutella porrectella 8mm Local. Apr, Jul–Oct. Throughout. Comes to light, can be disturbed from foodplant in day. Fens, marshes, gardens. FP Dame’s Violet. (465)

18.007  Eidophasia messingiella 7mm Local. Jun–Jul. Antennae thickened with scales at base, white bands beyond. Wasteground, rough grassland, vegetated shingle, embankments, etc. FP Hoary Cress. (469)

19 GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE There are 14 species, varying in size from 3 to 14 mm forewing length. The Glyphipterix species are similar but can be separated with care, though they tend to continuously raise and lower their wings. 19.001  Orthotelia sparganella 14mm Local. Jun–Aug. Marshes, bogs. FP Mines in leaves and stems of bur-reeds, irises, Reed Sweetgrass. (470)

19.005  Glyphipterix haworthana 7mm Local. Apr–May. Flies in bogs in morning sunshine, even after frosty nights. FP Cottongrass seedheads. (395)

19.002  Glyphipterix thrasonella 7mm Common. May–Aug. Abundant throughout Britain among rushes in bogs and marshes. Silver-bronze forewing, pronounced lobe at apex. FP Rushes. (397)

19.006  Glyphipterix forsterella 5mm Local. May–Jun. Damp situations. Has a silver dot in black apical spot. FP Various sedges. (394)

19.003  Glyphipterix fuscoviridella 8mm Common. Apr–Jun. Flies in sun above foodplant in short grassland. FP Stems of Field Wood-rush. (396)



17.015 GMT

Moths 2014 pp052-071.indd 60

19.007  Cocksfoot Moth Glyphipterix simpliciella 4mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout Britain. Adults often abundant on buttercup flowers. FP Cock’s-foot, Tall Fescue. (391)

17.016 PGC

16/10/2014 11:56

18.001 CMM

18.001 PGC

18.002 RJH

18.003 CMM

18.005 TT

18.006 TT

18.007 NS

19.001 CMM

19.002 BD

19.003 IK

19.005 CMM

19.006 CMM

19.007 NS

Moths 2014 pp052-071.indd 61

19.007 GMT

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62 

GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE and ARGYRESTHIIDAE

19.008  Glyphipterix schoenicolella 4mm Scarce. May–Aug. Scattered mainly in S England, W Ireland and W Scotland. FP Seeds of Black Bog-rush. (392)

19.012  Acrolepiopsis betulella 6mm Very local. FP Flowerheads and seed capsules of Ramsons. (474)

19.009  Digitivalva perlepidella 5mm Scarce. May–Jun. Day-flyer. Chalk downs, limestone hills. FP Mines in lower leaves of Ploughman’sspikenard. (471)

19.013  Acrolepiopsis marcidella 7mm Rare. Oct–Jul. Very local in S England. Adults can be found by torchlight at dusk flying within foodplant bush. FP Butcher’s Broom. (475)

19.010  Digitivalva pulicariae 6mm Local. Year-round. Adult hibernates. Day-flying in warm weather, comes to light. FP Mines in leaves of fleabanes or Hemp-agrimony. (472)

19.014  Acrolepia autumnitella 6mm Local. Year-round. Adult hibernates. Flies around foodplant in hedges and damp places on warm evenings. FP Forms blotch mines in Woody Nightshade (Bittersweet), sometimes in Deadly Nightshade or Tomato. (476)



19.011  Leek Moth Acrolepiopsis assectella 7mm Local. Year-round. Adult hibernates. Flies in evening and comes to light. Gardens and allotments. FP Leek, Onion, Garlic. (473)

20 ARGYRESTHIIDAE The 24 species are small, with forewings of 3.5–6.5 mm, usually resting head down with antennae not forward. Larvae feed inside shoots, catkins and berries. 20.001  Argyresthia laevigatella 6mm Common. May–Jul. Similar to A. glabratella but darker. Plantation woodlands. FP Shoots of larches. (401)

20.010  Argyresthia ivella 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. Orchards and hedgerows. FP Mines in shoots of Apple or Hazel. (409)

20.002  Argyresthia glabratella 5mm Local. May–Jul. Similar to A. laevigatella but paler. Plantation woodlands. FP Shoots of Norway Spruce. (403)

20.011  Argyresthia brockeella 6mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout. Flies in afternoon sun and at night. Two forms shown, very rarely plain brown. FP Birch or Common Alder catkins. (410)

20.005  Argyresthia trifasciata 4.5mm Naturalised. May–Jun. Originally imported on foodplant, first seen in 1982. Can be common in gardens. FP Cypresses. (409a)

20.012  Argyresthia goedartella 6mm Common. Jun–Sep. Throughout. Flies day or night. Usually brown and white, but brassy form is common. FP Birch or Common Alder catkins. (411)

20.006  Argyresthia dilectella 4mm Local. Jul–Aug. Chalk downs, open woods, gardens. FP Mines in shoots of junipers or cypresses. (407)

20.013  Argyresthia pygmaeella 7mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout. Markings variable. FP Mines in leaf buds, then shoots, of sallows or willows. (412)

20.007  Argyresthia cupressella 5mm Naturalised. Jun–Jul. Imported on cypresses from North America in 1997, now widespread and common in gardens. FP Cypresses, junipers. (409b)

20.014  Argyresthia sorbiella 6mm Local. Jun–Jul. Open woodland. FP Shoots of Rowan or Common Whitebeam. (413)

19.008 JEG

Moths 2014 pp052-071.indd 62

19.009 OW

19.010 CMM

16/10/2014 11:56

19.011 PGC

19.012 TT

19.013 CMM

19.014 CMM

19.014 Mine and larva in Woody Nightshade CMM

20.001 NS

20.002 NS

20.005 CMM

20.006 CMM

20.007 CMM

20.010 DJS

20.011 Usual CMM

20.012 CMM

20.012 Usual PGC

20.011 CMM

20.013 IK

20.013 KT

20.014 TT

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64 

ARGYRESTHIIDAE and LYONETIIDAE

20.015  Argyresthia curvella 6mm Local. Jun–Jul. Widespread in gardens and orchards. FP Apple, in flowering shoots. (414)

20.020  Argyresthia semifusca 7mm Local. Jun–Sep. Open woodland. Comes to light. Often shows purple tinge. FP Shoots of Rowan or hawthorns. (419)

20.016  Argyresthia retinella 4mm Common. Jun–Jul. Widespread throughout. Flies in afternoon sun and at night. FP Birch shoots or catkins. (415)



20.017  Argyresthia glaucinella 4mm Local. May–Jul. Open woods or resting on isolated trees. Produces reddish frass. FP Beneath bark of deciduous and evergreen oaks, Horse Chestnut or birches. (416)

20.022  Argyresthia bonnetella 6mm Common. May–Sep. Similar to Cherry Fruit Moth but cross-band does not reach costa. Flies by day, comes to light. FP Mines in terminal shoots of hawthorns. (421)

20.018  Argyresthia spinosella 5mm Common. May–Jul. Widespread. Orange tegulae. Can be beaten from food bushes and comes to light. FP Flowering shoots of Blackthorn or plums. (417)

20.023  Argyresthia albistria 5mm Common. Jun–Sep. Flies by day, comes to light. FP Mines in flowering shoots of Blackthorn. (422)



20.019  Apple Fruit Moth Argyresthia conjugella 7mm Common. May–Jul. Widespread. Can be beaten from food bushes and comes to light. FP Green berries of Rowan or inside Apples. (418)

20.021  Cherry Fruit Moth Argyresthia pruniella 6mm Common. Jun–Aug. Wherever foodplant occurs. FP Flowering shoots or fruits of cherries. (420)

20.024  Argyresthia semitestacella 7mm Local. Aug–Sep. Woodland. FP Shoot of Beech. (423)

21 LYONETIIDAE A family of eight tiny leaf-mining species, forewings 2.5–4.5 mm long. Mostly whitish with white eyecaps and antennae as long as the wings.

21.001  Apple Leaf Miner Lyonetia clerkella 4.5mm Common. Jun–Oct, Apr. Throughout in fruit trees. Adult overwinters. FP Mines in leaves of Apple, etc., and forms a cocoon in silken hammock beneath leaf. (263)

21.002  Lyonetia prunifoliella 4.5mm Very rare. Sep, Mar. Possibly extinct, but common in Europe. Adults overwinter. FP Mines in hawthorn or Apple leaves, and forms a cocoon suspended like that of Apple Leaf Miner. (262)

20.015 IK

Moths 2014 pp052-071.indd 64

20.015 PGC



21.004  Laburnum Leaf Miner Leucoptera laburnella 4mm Common. May, Jul–Aug. Mainly urban on Laburnum. Can be abundant, flies at dusk. FP Mines in Laburnum. (254)

21.005  Leucoptera spartifoliella 4mm Common. Jun–Jul. Mines in Broom difficult to find but white cocoons show in spring. FP Mines in twigs of Broom. (256)

20.016 OW

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20.017 GMT

20.018 OW

20.019 PGC

20.020 NS

20.021 PGC

20.021 CMM

20.022 PGC

20.023 PGC

20.024 CMM

21.001 CMM

21.001 Dark form GMT

21.001 Cocoon on hawthorn CMM

21.001 Mine in Cherry CMM

21.002 IK

21.002 IK

21.004 IK

21.004 Mine in Laburnum JP

21.005 IK

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LYONETIIDAE to AUTOSTICHIDAE

21.006  Leucoptera lathyrifoliella 3.5mm Rare and local. May–Jul. Coastal counties with Everlasting Pea. FP Forms blotch mines in Everlasting Pea. (258)

21.008  Pear Leaf Blister Moth Leucoptera malifoliella 4mm Local. Jun–Jul. Populations fluctuate. Mines shows spiral frass. Similar to other Leucoptera spp. FP Forms blotch mine in hawthorns, Apple, pears. (260)



22 PRAYDIDAE Of the five species, two are imports, including Prays peregrina first discovered new to science in London in 2003 and now possibly established, one is rare (in Scotland only) and two are very recently (2013) split from a previous single species.

22.002  Ash Bud Moth Prays fraxinella 8mm Common. May–Oct. Widespread throughout, wherever foodplant grows. Plain dark form also occurs, but see P. ruficeps. FP Ash. (449)

22.003  Prays ruficeps 8mm Differs from dark form of Ash Bud Moth in having almost black forewing and yellowish/rufous head. Separated by DNA analysis in 2013. Lifestyle and distribution probably as for Ash Bud Moth and definitely occurs in England and Wales. FP Ash. (448a) 22.004  Prays oleae 6mm Import. First mine and pupa seen in a garden centre in Surrey on imported Olive tree in Jan 2009. FP Olive. (449c)

23 HELIODINIDAE The single species on the British list was formerly a scarce southern resident but has not been seen for 200 years in Britain. Adults fly in southern Europe in July.

24 BEDELLIIDAE Just one member of this family. Found worldwide but not in Europe north of southern Sweden. 24.001  Bedellia somnulentella 5mm Scarce. Aug, Oct–May. Huge population fluctuations. Moth rests inclined, antennae same length as forewing. FP Mines in bindweeds and Morning Glory. (264)

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25 SCYTHROPIIDAE Just one member of this family in Britain and only one other in Europe.

25.001  Hawthorn Moth Scythropia crataegella 7mm Local. Jun–Jul. Common in S Britain. Sometimes has a 2nd generation Aug–Sep. Rests inclined. FP Hawthorn, Blackthorn, plums, cotoneasters. (450)

26 DOUGLASIIDAE There are two species, both very small, day-flying and with the same foodplant. 26.001  Tinagma ocnerostomella 4mm Local. May–Jul. Flies on warm days around foodplant and to light in SE England. Wasteground, downs, cliff edges, etc. FP Feeds and pupates over winter in stems of Viper’s-bugloss. (398)

27 AUTOSTICHIDAE There are four similar species, though one is a rare import. They look similar but fresh specimens can be separated, especially with clear photographs. 27.001  Oegoconia quadripuncta 7mm Common. Jul–Aug. Can be plentiful in hedge bottoms. Comes to light. Needs gen det for confirmed ID. FP Leaf litter. (870) 27.002  Oegoconia caradjai 7mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Among decaying leaves and in barns and stables. FP Vegetable debris, including hay and straw. (871a) 27.003  Oegoconia deauratella 7mm Local. Jul–Aug. Can be plentiful in hedge bottoms. Comes to light. Needs gen det for confirmed ID. FP Leaf litter. (871)

16/10/2014 11:56

21.006 HMB

21.006 Mines in Everlasting Pea JEG

21.008 OW

21.008 Mine in Apple OW

22.002 Usual form CMM

22.002 Dark form CMM

22.003 CMM

22.004 DAG

24.001 OW

24.001 Mine in bindweed OW

25.001 CMM

26.001 RH

27.001 CMM

27.002 DJS

27.003 KT

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68 

OECOPHORIDAE 28 OECOPHORIDAE

There are 28 varied and often colourful species in this family. Larvae mostly feed on dead wood under the bark or dead leaves, and two are often seen indoors. Metalampra italica was first seen in Britain in 2003, and the similar but as yet unrecorded Metalampra cinnamomea has been included as they both occur in similar habitats on the near continent and could appear here. 28.001  Bisigna procerella 7mm Very rare. Jul. Woodland in Kent. FP Unknown. (639)



28.009  White-shouldered House Moth Endrosis sarcitrella 8mm Common. Year-round. Throughout Britain, often indoors. FP Dead plant and animal matter. (648)

28.002  Schiffermuelleria schaefferella 8mm Very rare. Apr–Jul. First recorded in Richmond, Surrey, in 2012. FP A range of trees. (634a)



28.010  Brown House Moth Hofmannophila pseudospretella 9mm Common. Year-round. Throughout Britain, often indoors. FP Dead plant and animal matter, including old wool, leather. (647)

28.003  Schiffermuelleria grandis 8mm Very rare. May–Jun. Flies in early-morning sun in ancient woodland. White dorsal and costal blotch. FP Rotten wood and under bark. (634)

28.011  Borkhausenia minutella 7mm Very rare. May–Jun. Formerly widespread but now extinct in mainland Britain, possibly still in Channel Islands. Barns, warehouses, outbuildings. FP Detritus, dry vegetable matter. (645)

28.004  Denisia similella 7mm Local. Jun–Jul. Parkland and woods, especially with old birches. FP Fungi on oaks or birches or in dead wood. (636)

28.012  Borkhausenia fuscescens 5mm Common. Jun–Sep. Flies at dusk, comes to light. Woods, parks, gardens, farms. FP Leaf litter. (644)

28.005  Denisia albimaculea 5mm Very local. May–Jun. Scattered in woodland. FP Under bark of various trees. (638a)

28.013  Crassa tinctella 7mm Scarce and local. May–Jun. Old deciduous woodland. Similar to C. unitella but greyer. FP Rotten wood. (637)

28.006  Denisia augustella 5mm Probably extinct. May–Jun. Formerly in Surrey woodland. FP Bark of larches. (638)

28.014  Crassa unitella 7mm Common. Jun–Sep. S Britain, northwards to Yorkshire. Similar to C. tinctella but orange. Woodland, heaths, grassland. FP Under tree bark, on decaying wood. (642)

28.007  Denisia subaquilea 6mm Local. May–Jul. Mainly northern, on heaths and upland moor to 1,000m. FP Dead leaves of Bilberry. (635)

28.015  Batia lunaris 5mm Common. Jun–Sep. Woodland. Similar to B. lambdella but smaller and darker. FP Lichen on tree trunks. (640)

28.008  Metalampra italica 6mm Very local. Jun–Aug. First recorded in Plympton, Devon, 2003 by Bob Heckford. Woods and scrub. FP Under bark of dead trees, in a web. (642a)

28.016  Batia internella 6mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Smaller than B. lambdella, and dark mark has more pointed end. FP Lichens on larches and Scots Pine. (640a)

28.0081  Metalampra cinnamomea 6mm Jun– Sep. Not yet recorded but a potential immigrant. Very similar to M. italica but darker. Common in Europe, where both species occur together. FP Under bark of dead trees. (642b)

28.017  Batia lambdella 8mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout Britain in scrubby areas with mature gorse. The largest Batia sp. FP Dead wood, especially gorse. (641)

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28.001 CMM

28.002 RH

28.003 OW

28.004 TT

28.005 GMT

28.006 RH

28.007 JEG

28.008 RJH

28.0081 CMM

28.009 CMM

28.010 CMM

28.011 RH

28.012 CMM

28.013 DAG

28.014 CMM

28.015 OW

28.016 RH

28.017 CMM

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70 

OECOPHORIDAE, CHIMABACHIDAE and LYPUSIDAE

28.018  Epicallima formosella 7mm Probably extinct in the UK. Jul. Not seen since 1845. Woodland. FP Under bark of dead trees. (643) 28.019  Esperia sulphurella 7mm Common. May–Jun. Flies in morning sun in woods, hedgerows, gardens, heaths. Hind wing is yellow. FP Under bark on dead wood. (649) 28.020  Dasycera oliviella 8mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Ancient deciduous woods. Flies in sunshine and to light. FP Under bark on dead wood. (650) 28.021  Oecophora bractella 8mm Rare. May–Jul. Scattered in large ancient woods. Flies at dawn and to light. FP Under bark on dead wood. (651) 28.022  Alabonia geoffrella 10mm Common. May–Jun. Flies in morning sun and to light. Scrub, woodland edges, hedges, etc. FP In dead Bramble, Hazel, sallows, Blackthorn, etc. (652)

28.023  Harpella forficella 7mm Rare. Jul–Aug. First discovered in Berkshire in 2011. Scattered records since. Comes to light. Woodland. FP Under bark on dead wood. (652a) 28.024  Tachystola acroxantha 8mm Local. May–Sep. Originally from Australia, first recorded here in 1908. Gardens and hedges. FP Leaf litter. (656) 28.025  Pleurota bicostella 11mm Common. Jun–Jul. Widely distributed on heaths and moors. Huge labial palps are distinctive. FP Cross-leaved Heath, Bell Heather. (654) 28.026  Pleurota aristella 11mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Jersey, Channel Islands. FP Possibly lowgrowing plants. (655)



28.027  Scarce Brown Streak Aplota palpellus 7mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Scattered. Under moss on trunks of exposed old large trees in woods and parks. FP In thin moss 1–3m above ground. (653)

29 CHIMABACHIDAE There are three species, all sexually dimorphic. The females have reduced wings and cannot fly. Larvae feed within spinnings in leaves of trees and shrubs, then pupate amongst detritus or underground. 29.001  Diurnea fagella 8–14mm Common. Mar–May. Deciduous woods throughout in spring. Male comes to light, female has reduced wings. FP Deciduous trees. (663)

29.003  Dasystoma salicella 10mm Local. Apr. Widespread but scarce, in woodland, scrub, heaths. Male flies in sun, female flightless. FP Spins together leaves spun of sallows, Blackthorn, Bog-myrtle, etc. (665)

29.002  Diurnea lipsiella 11mm Local. Oct–Nov. Widespread in woodland. Female has reduced wings. FP Oaks, Bilberry, Aspen, Small-leaved Lime. (664)

30 LYPUSIDAE The four species are all rather plain and easy to overlook. Generally rest slightly inclined. Labial palps are curved up. Larvae feed from a case and pupate amongst litter. 30.001  Pseudatemelia flavifrontella 10mm Scarce. May–Jul. Similar to P. josephinae but has earlier flight period. Woodland. FP Possibly leaf litter. (661)

28.018 RH

Moths 2014 pp052-071.indd 70

28.019  IK

30.002  Pseudatemelia subochreella 9mm Local. May–Jul. Flies in woodland by day or night. Forewing plain ochreous. FP Leaf litter. (662)

28.019  IK

16/10/2014 11:57

28.020 OW

28.021 PGC

28.022 OW

28.023 NS

28.024 OW

28.025 PGC

28.026 CMM

28.027 RH

29.001  PGC

29.001  NS

29.001  CMM

29.001  CMM

29.003  PHS

29.002  CMM

29.001  CMM

30.001 PGC

30.002 RH

29.003  PHS

Moths 2014 pp052-071.indd 71

body

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72 

LYPUSIDAE, PELEOPODIDAE and DEPRESSARIIDAE

30.003  Pseudatemelia josephinae 9mm Local. Jun–Aug. Two-year life cycle. Similar to P. flavifrontella but generally has a later flight period. Woodland. FP Feeds from a case on decaying leaves. (660)

30.004  Amphisbatis incongruella 5mm Local. Mar–May. Flies in sunshine. Moors, heaths, downland. FP Feeds from a case on dead flowers of heather or thyme. (659)

31 PELEOPODIDAE The single species is colourful and unmistakable, with antennae sometimes longer than the wings. The broad wings, with curved costa, are held flat, slightly overlapping. Formerly included in the Oecophoridae. 31.001  Carcina quercana 8mm Common. Jul–Aug. Throughout in deciduous woodland. FP Leaves of various trees. (658)

32 DEPRESSARIIDAE There are 51 species, including 28 Agonopterix and 14 Depressaria. All rest with wings flat, antennae usually swept back. Depressaria usually found on umbellifers; may need breeding or dissection for certain identification. 32.001  Semioscopis avellanella 11mm Local. Mar–May. Mature and ancient woodland. FP Birches and Small-leaved Lime. (666)

32.008  Agonopterix liturosa 8mm Local. Jul–Sep. Widespread in grassland, downs, scrub, wasteground, etc. Comes to light. FP St John’s-worts. (709)

32.002  Semioscopis steinkellneriana 11mm Local. Mar–May. Scrub and old hedgerows. FP Blackthorn, hawthorns, Rowan. (667)

32.009  Agonopterix purpurea 6mm Local. Aug–Jun. Hibernates. Flies on sunny afternoons. On downland and dry grassy habitats. FP Wild Carrot, Rough Chervil, Cow Parsley, etc. (691)

32.003  Luquetia lobella 9mm Local. May–Jul. S England in woods, hedgerows and scrub. FP Blackthorn. (668)

32.010  Agonopterix conterminella 9mm Local. Jul–Sep. Woods, marshes and damp ground wherever foodplants occur. FP Wide range of sallows and willows. (710)

32.004  Levipalpus hepatariella 8mm Very rare. Aug. Very local in Scottish Highlands and Inner Hebrides. Male is plainer than female shown. FP Flower head of Mountain Everlasting. (685)

32.011  Agonopterix scopariella 10mm Local. Aug–Apr. Hibernates. Widespread, usually near foodplant. FP Spun shoots of Broom or Tree Lupin. (704)

32.007  Agonopterix ocellana 10mm Common. Sep–Apr. Hibernates. Throughout Britain and Ireland. FP Leaves of many different species of willow are spun together. (701)



30.003 CMM

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 72

30.004 PGC

32.012  Greenweed Flat-body Moth Agonopterix atomella 10mm Scarce and local. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Rough grassy areas where the (declining) foodplant grows. FP Stem or shoots of Dyer’s Greenweed. (703)

31.001 CMM

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32.001 OW

32.002 CMM

32.002 CMM

32.003 NS

32.004  RJH

32.007 NS

32.008 PGC

32.007 PGC

32.008 CMM

32.009 KT

32.011 OW

32.012 MSP

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 73

32.010 NS

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74 

DEPRESSARIIDAE

32.015  Agonopterix subpropinquella 9mm Common. Year-round. Hibernates. Throughout on open hillsides, wasteground, road verges. FP Knapweeds, thistles. (692)

32.024  Agonopterix assimilella 9mm Common. Apr–Jun. Wherever foodplant occurs. FP Green shoots of Broom. (702)

32.016  Agonopterix propinquella 9mm Local. Sep–Jul. Hibernates. Widespread, but absent from N Scotland. Inhabits open grassy areas, wasteground, etc. FP Spear or Creeping thistles. (696)

32.025  Agonopterix nanatella 7mm Very local. Jul–Oct. Chalk or limestone grassland. FP Carline Thistle, in a rolled leaf, sometimes several to a plant. (694)

32.017  Agonopterix arenella 10mm Common. Sep–May. Hibernates. Any habitat. FP Thistles, knapweeds, burdocks or Saw-wort. (697)

32.026  Agonopterix kaekeritziana 10mm Common. Jul–Sep. Widespread in open grassy areas. Does not come to light but can be found nectaring after dark. FP Rolled leaves of Common or Greater knapweed. (698)

32.018  Agonopterix heracliana 9mm Common. Sep–Apr. Throughout in most habitats. Adult hibernates. Flies at night. See also A. ciliella. FP Umbelliferous plants, e.g. Cow Parsley. (688)

32.027  Agonopterix bipunctosa 10mm Scarce. Jul–Sep. Scattered localities on downs, heaths or marshes. Easily disturbed from foodplant in afternoon. FP Saw-wort. (699)

32.019  Agonopterix ciliella 11mm Common. Aug–May. Throughout. Similar to A. heracliana but larger and hind-wing fringe has 5 distinct lines instead of 1. FP Umbelliferous plants, e.g. Wild Angelica. (689)

32.028  Agonopterix pallorella 10mm Scarce. Sep–May. Hibernates. Open grassy areas on chalk or limestone, especially near coast. FP Leaves of knapweeds or Saw-wort. (700)

32.020  Agonopterix curvipunctosa 8mm Rare. Aug–Apr. Hibernates. Inhabits sand dunes, road verges and hedgerows, but recent records scarce and scattered. FP Chervils, Cow Parsley. (711)

32.029  Agonopterix umbellana 11mm Local. Aug–Apr. Widespread, especially near coasts. Row of dark dots at outer edge is distinctive. FP Spun shoots of gorse, sometimes Hairy Greenweed. (705)

32.021  Agonopterix putridella 8mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Similar to A. umbellana, but has central white spot. Coastal fens and marshes where the rare foodplant occurs. FP Among spun leaves of Hog’s Fennel. (693)

32.030  Agonopterix nervosa 9mm Common. Jul–Sep. Hibernates. Throughout Britain. FP Spun shoots of gorse, Broom, Dyer’s Greenweed, Petty Whin, Tree Lupin. (706)

32.023  Agonopterix rotundella 7mm Local. Sep–May. Hibernates. Coastal only, on cliffs and downs. FP Spins leaves of Wild Carrot into a tube to feed from. (716)

32.015 f. rhodochrella PGC

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 74

32.015 NS

32.031  Agonopterix alstromeriana 8mm Common. Aug–Apr. Hibernates. Throughout, especially road verges, wasteground, marshes. FP Hemlock. (695)

32.016 NS

15/10/2014 15:05

32.017 SD

32.018 PGC

32.018 PGC

32.019 NS

32.020 JBH

32.021 CMM

32.023 KT

32.024 PGC

32.025 OW

32.026 NS

32.027 RJH

32.028 CMM

32.029 CMM

32.029 Larval feeding web on gorse IK

32.030 CMM

32.031 NS

32.031 CMM

32.030 CMM

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DEPRESSARIIDAE and ETHMIIDAE

32.032  Agonopterix angelicella 9mm Common. Jul–Sep. Fens, marshes, damp woods, riversides. FP Leaves of Wild Angelica, sometimes Hogweed or Milk Parsley, in leaves spun together. (713)

32.040  Depressaria ultimella 9mm Common. Aug–May. Adult hibernates. Widespread in streamsides, ditches, marshes, around ponds. FP Waterside plants, e.g. Fool’s Watercress. (671)

32.034  Agonopterix cnicella 10mm Local. Jun–Jul. On coastal dunes and shingle beaches. FP Amongst spun leaves of Sea Holly, turning them brown. (690)

32.042  Depressaria pulcherrimella 9mm Local. Jun–Sep. In herb-rich grassland, chalk downs, pastures on light soil. FP Wild Carrot, Pignut, Burnet Saxifrage. (676)

32.035  Agonopterix yeatiana 9mm Local. Aug–Jun. Hibernates. Grassland, downs and open areas, especially coastal. FP Leaves of umbellifers, e.g. Wild Carrot, Rough Chervil, Hemlock Water-dropwort. (714)

32.043  Depressaria sordidatella 10mm Local. Jul–Aug. Open grassland on light soil or damp marshes. Reddish brown, lightly marked. FP Usually on Cow Parsley, sometimes Rough Chervil. (678)



32.036  Parsnip Moth Depressaria radiella 12mm Common. Year-round. Hibernates. Throughout on dry pastures, grassland, wasteground, etc. FP Flowers and seeds of Wild Parsnip, Hogweed. Pupates in stem. (672)

32.044  Depressaria douglasella 8mm Local. Jul–Sep. Grassland and rough ground, downland and coasts. FP Wild Carrot and Wild Parsnip, in a tube in the leaves. (677)

32.037  Depressaria pimpinellae 10mm Local. Sep–May. Hibernates. Mainly on chalk and limestone grassland. FP Burnet-saxifrages. (673)

32.047  Depressaria chaerophylli 10mm Local. Aug–May. Adult hibernates. Under sheltered hedges, along woodland margins, old tracks or sunken lanes. FP Rough Chervil. (682)

32.038  Depressaria badiella 11mm Local. Jul–Sep. Comes to light. Usually plain and dark. On sandy soils, chalk downs, coasts. FP On Cat’s-ear, sow-thistles, Dandelion. (674)

32.050  Telechrysis tripuncta 7mm Local. May–Jul. Flies at dawn and dusk. Hedgerows, scrub, woods. FP Dead wood. (646)

32.039  Depressaria daucella 10mm Common. Jul–Apr. Adult hibernates. Widespread in streamsides, ditches, marshes, wet heaths, damp woods. FP In a spinning in flowerhead of water-dropworts, Whorled Caraway, Stone Parsley. (670)

32.051  Hypercallia citrinalis 10mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Formerly in Kent on chalk downs, but not seen since 1975. Resident in the Burren, Ireland. FP Milkworts. (657)

33 ETHMIIDAE There are six species in this family, part of the large superfamily Gelechioidea. They are mostly striking black-and-white moths, larger and more strongly marked than the small ermines (Yponomeutidae) family. One, Ethmia pyrausta, is very rare. Wing is dark with three black spots, and the abdomen yellow. It is found only in the Scottish Highlands. 33.001  Ethmia dodecea 10mm Very local. May–Aug. Scattered in S England in scrub, woodland rides and wooded fens. Similar to ermines but with fewer and larger spots. FP Common Gromwell. (718)

32.032 PGC

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 76

33.002  Ethmia quadrillella 8mm Very local. May–Jul. Scattered in E England in fens, damp woods, riverbanks. FP Leaves of comfreys, lungworts and Common Gromwell, in a silk web. (719)

32.032 Larval spinnings on Angelica PGC

32.034 OW

15/10/2014 15:05

32.035 DGG

32.036 CMM

32.037 RJH

32.038 CMM

32.039 PGC

32.040 GMT

32.042 RH

32.043 JP

32.044 NS

32.047 OW

32.050 NS

32.051 CMM

33.001 CMM

33.002 SR

33.002 SR

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ETHMIIDAE and COSMOPTERIGIDAE

33.004  Ethmia terminella 8mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Vegetated shingle, chalk downs and dunes on the coast of SE England. FP Viper’s-bugloss. (717)

33.006  Ethmia bipunctella 12mm Rare. May–Sep. Coastal shingle and chalk cliffs in SE England only. FP Flowers and leaves of Viper’s-bugloss. (720)

34 COSMOPTERIGIDAE This family contains 14 species, of which two are extinct, plus two that have been recorded in imported pomegranates. Mostly very small, narrow-winged and colourful. Cosmopterix are leaf miners. 34.001  Pancalia leuwenhoekella 5.5mm Local. Apr–Jul. Similar to P. schwarzella but has white section in antennae. Flies in sun. Chalk or limestone habitats. FP Among roots of dog-violets and Hairy Violet. (899)

34.009  Cosmopterix pulchrimella 4.5mm Naturalised. Sep–Oct, Apr–May. First recorded in Britain in Dorset in 2001. Principally coastal. FP Mines in large, shaded leaves of Pellitory-ofthe-wall. (896b)

34.002  Pancalia schwarzella 5.5mm Rare. Apr–Jul. Scattered distribution in grassland and sand dunes. Similar to P. leuwenhoekella but with plain antennae. Flies in sun, attracted to yellow flowers. FP Leaves of dog-violets, Marsh Violet and Hairy Violet, in a web. (900)

34.010  Cosmopterix lienigiella 6mm Very local. May–Oct. Coastal or inland reedbeds. Can be swept from foodplant, comes to light. FP Mines in leaves of Common Reed. (897)

34.004  Limnaecia phragmitella 9mm Common. Jun–Aug. Streams, ponds, fens and marshes wherever foodplant grows. FP Seedheads of Bulrush. (898) 34.005  Cosmopterix zieglerella 5mm Very local. May–Jul. Hedges, scrub, open woodland. FP Mines in Hop leaves. (894)

34.007  Cosmopterix orichalcea 5mm Very local. May–Aug. Scattered sites in damp woods, marshes, ditches. FP Mines in leaves of various grasses, Common Reed, millets. (896) 34.008  Cosmopterix scribaiella 5mm Rare. Jun–Oct. First discovered in Britain in 1996. Pond edges, ditches, etc., in dry situations where foodplant grows. FP Mines in leaves of Common Reed. (896a)

33.006 Larva on Viper’s-bugloss CMM

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 78

33.006 CMM

34.011  Pyroderces argyrogrammos 7mm Migrant. Seen in Guernsey in May 2002. European. FP Seedheads of various Asteraceae. (898a) 34.0111  Anatrachyntis badia 5mm Adventive. American species, imported in pomegranates in 2001 and 2002. Known from Canary Isles and Spain. FP Various fruits. (897a) 34.012  Sorhagenia rhamniella 5mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Needs gen det for ID. Damp and calcareous areas. FP Flowers of Buckthorn and Alder Buckthorn. (908) 34.013  Sorhagenia lophyrella 5mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Needs gen det for ID. Damp and calcareous areas. FP Flowers of Buckthorn and Alder Buckthorn. (909) 34.014  Sorhagenia janiszewskae 6mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Slightly more widespread than other Sorhagenia spp., in heathland and woods. Needs gen det for ID. FP Flowers of Buckthorn and Alder Buckthorn. (910)

33.006 CMM

15/10/2014 15:05

33.004 TT

34.002 RJH

34.001 KT

34.001 PGC

34.004 CMM

34.005 NS

34.007 IK

34.008 DGG

34.009 OW

34.009 Mine in Pellitory-of-the-wall DGG

34.010 NS

34.011 IK

34.0111 JBH

34.012 RH

34.013 NS

34.014 RH

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80 

GELECHIIDAE 35 GELECHIIDAE

A large and varied family of 161 species, though 11 are extinct. They have variable resting positions and many, but not all, hold their wings flat. The hind-wing termen is concave with a very pointed apex. Some may well need dissection for certain identification. The Gelechiid Recording Scheme at www.gelechiid.co.uk is very useful. 35.001  Syncopacma sangiella 7mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Scattered records. On rough ground and dry heaths. FP Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, in spun leaves. (845)

35.013  Anacampsis temerella 6mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Coastal sandy areas supporting the foodplant, from which it may be swept. FP Creeping Willow, in spun terminal leaves. (852)

35.002  Syncopacma cinctella 5mm Local. Jul. Scattered in rough ground. Similar to other Syncopacma spp. Needs gen det for ID. FP Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, in spun leaves. (849)

35.015  Nothris verbascella 10mm Possibly extinct. May–Sep. Formerly in gravel quarries in Norfolk and Suffolk. Not seen since 1971. FP Hoary Mullein. (838)

35.003  Syncopacma larseniella 6mm Local. Jun–Jul. Widespread in rough ground and damp areas. Similar to other Syncopacma spp. Needs gen det for ID. FP Greater Bird’s-foot Trefoil, in spun leaves. (844) 35.004  Syncopacma taeniolella 6mm Common. Jul. Widespread on rough ground. Similar to other Syncopacma spp. Needs gen det for ID. FP Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, in spun leaves. (847) 35.009  Syncopacma polychromella 5mm Migrant. May–Jun. Seen 1952, 1999 and several records from 2009. Native to S Europe. FP Astragalus unifoliolatus. (850) 35.010  Aproaerema anthyllidella 5mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Flies late afternoon and to light. On rough ground, dry pastures and coasts. FP 1st generation in leaf mine, 2nd in flowers, seeds and leaves of Kidney Vetch or Common Restharrow. (843) 35.011  Anacampsis populella 9mm Common. Jun–Sep. Can be disturbed by day, comes to light. Variable. Woods, hedges, scrub. FP Poplars, Aspen or willows, in a rolled leaf. (853) 35.012  Anacampsis blattariella 8mm Common. Jul–Sep. Rests on trunks of mature birches by day, comes to light. Variable. Woods, scrub, heaths. FP Birches, in rolled leaves. (854)

35.001 JBH

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 80

35.002 TT

35.016  Nothris congressariella 9mm Very rare. May–Jul, Sep–Oct. Rare foodplant occurs in dry places in half-shade near the sea. FP Balmleaved Figwort, in spun or folded leaves. (839) 35.017  Neofaculta ericetella 8mm Common. Apr–Jul. Heaths, moors, gardens. FP Flowers and shoots of heathers. (797)

35.018  Hypatima rhomboidella 9mm Common. Jul–Sep. Throughout in woods, heath, scrub. FP Birches or Hazel, in a rolled leaf. (858)



35.019  Peach Twig Borer Anarsia lineatella 6mm Adventive. Jun–Aug. Almost worldwide in fruit, sometimes reared from imports. Has occurred at light. FP Fruits such as apricots, peaches, plums, etc. (857)

35.020  Anarsia spartiella 7mm Local. Jun–Aug. Scattered throughout England, mainly coastal in Wales and Scotland. FP Spun shoots of gorse, Broom, Dyer’s Greenweed. (856) 35.021  Dichomeris juniperella 10mm Scarce. Jul. Montane species only in Scottish Highlands. FP Common Juniper, in spinnings among dense foliage. (863)

35.003 OW

15/10/2014 15:05

35.004 PGC

35.009 RH

35.010 CMM

35.011 PGC

35.011 OW

35.012  JBH

35.013 SMP

35.015 RH

35.012 CMM

35.016 RJH

35.017 NS

35.017 CMM

35.018 CMM

35.020  OW

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 81

35.019 JP

35.020  CMM

35.021 RH

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82 

GELECHIIDAE 35.022  Juniper Webber Dichomeris marginella 8mm Local. Jul–Aug. Chalk and limestone areas of England, and in gardens where foodplant is grown. Looks similar to a Crambid. FP Junipers, including cultivated varieties. (862)

35.031  Helcystogramma rufescens 9mm Common. Jul–Aug. Flies by day and to light. In rough long grass on downs, dunes and woodland rides. FP A wide range of grasses. (868)

35.023  Dichomeris ustalella 9mm Very rare. May–Jun. Old woods in Worcester and Monmouth. FP Small-leaved Lime. (864)

35.0311  Helcystogramma triannulella 8mm Migrant from S Europe. First recorded in the Isles of Scilly in Oct 2013. FP Field and Hedge bindweed. (869a)

35.024  Dichomeris derasella 10mm Probably extinct in the UK. May–Jun. Formerly scattered in S England. Last seen in 1933. FP Blackthorn leaves. (865)

35.032  Hollyhock Seed Moth Pexicopia malvella 8mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. In gardens, where it can be a pest, or on wasteground. FP Seeds of Marsh-mallow or Hollyhock. (809)

35.025  Dichomeris alacella 7mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Scattered in woodland. FP Lichens on tree trunks. (851)

35.033  Platyedra subcinerea 8mm Scarce. Aug–Jun. Hibernates. Comes to light, especially in spring after hibernation. Distinctive black dot at base of wing. Gardens and wasteground. FP Flowers and seeds of Common Mallow. (808)

35.026  Acompsia cinerella 9mm Common. Jun–Jul. Widespread throughout. FP Mosses at the base of trees, probably also ground mosses. (855)



35.027  Acompsia schmidtiellus 7mm Very local. Jul–Aug. Sometimes comes to light. Chalk and limestone downs, road verges. FP Marjoram, in rolled leaves. (861)

35.035  Chrysoesthia drurella 4.5mm Local. May–Sep. Can be caught by sweeping the foodplants. On wasteground and where foodplants grow among root crops. FP Oraches, goosefoots. (746)

35.028  Brachmia blandella 6mm Common. Jun–Aug. Comes to light. Grassland, parks, woods, scrub etc. FP Among bark and dead spines of gorses, in a spinning. (866)

35.036  Chrysoesthia sexguttella 5mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Wasteground and arable land in sheltered spots. FP Oraches, goosefoots. (747)

35.029  Brachmia inornatella 7mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Only in fens and marshes of East Anglia and SE England. FP Probably Common Reed stems. (867)

35.037  Thiotricha subocellea 5mm Local. Jul–Aug. Scattered throughout. Can be swept from the foodplant. FP Wild Marjoram, feeding from a case made of calyxes. (840)

35.030  Helcystogramma lutatella 9mm Rare. Jun. On chalk and limestone sea cliffs and landslips in Dorset. FP Probably grasses such as False Brome and Cock’s-foot. (869)

35.038  Bryotropha domestica 6mm Common. May–Sep. Comes to light. Occasionally occurs as pale form. Urban areas, gardens and parks with mossy walls. FP Moss, in a silk tube. (789)

35.022 IK

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 82

35.023 Palps detail OW

35.023 DAG

35.034  Angoumois Grain Moth Sitotroga cerealella 9mm Rare. Year-round. Occasionally wild in cereal crops, generally in heated warehouses with grain, including rice. FP Grains. (749)

35.024 DGG

15/10/2014 15:09

35.025 JP

35.026 TT

35.027 RFWH

35.028 CMM

35.029 SR

35.030 PHS

35.031 SR

35.0311 DAG

35.032 NS

35.033 NS

35.034 RJH

35.035 NS

35.036 PGC

35.036 Mines in goosefoot BS

35.035 Mines in goosefoot OW

35.037 PP

35.038 Aberrant RJH

35.038 CMM

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 83

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84 

GELECHIIDAE

35.039  Bryotropha politella 7mm Common. May–Jul. Very local in the south. Dry grasslands. FP Probably moss or grass. (788)

35.052  Aristotelia brizella 5mm Very local. May–Aug. Coastal on saltmarshes, vegetated shingle or cliffs. FP Flowers of Thrift or Common Sea-lavender. (753)

35.040  Bryotropha terrella 7mm Common. May–Aug. Open habitats, especially dry, sandy grassland. FP Common Bent or moss, in a silk tube. (787)

35.053  Isophrictis striatella 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. Scattered distribution. Wasteground, verges and gardens with Tansy, damper areas with Sneezewort. FP Seedheads of Tansy and Sneezewort. (729)

35.041  Bryotropha desertella 6mm Common. May–Aug. Widespread in sandy or coastal areas and open dunes with moss. FP Moss, in a silken tube. (786)

35.055  Metzneria aestivella 7mm Local. Jun–Jul. Lacks any black spots. Open chalk and limestone grassland. FP Carline Thistle. (725)

35.042  Bryotropha boreella 7mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Very local on heather uplands. FP Heathers. (783)

35.056  Metzneria lappella 9mm Common. Jun–Jul. Open woods, downs, wasteground. FP Seeds of Greater and Lesser burdock. (724)

35.045  Bryotropha basaltinella 6mm Very local. May–Aug. On or near mossy buildings and walls. FP Mosses. (777)

35.058  Metzneria metzneriella 8mm Common. Jun–Aug. Dry pastures and downland. FP Seeds and seedheads of Saw-wort and Common Knapweed. (726)

35.046  Bryotropha senectella 6mm Common. Jun–Sep. Open grassland, coasts, sand dunes, open woods, in mosses among grass. FP Moss, in a silk tube. (782)

35.059  Metzneria aprilella 8mm Local. May–Aug. Grassy chalk and limestone downs in southern England. FP Seeds and seedheads of Greater Knapweed. (727a)

35.047  Bryotropha affinis 6mm Common. May–Aug. On or near mossy buildings and walls in urban or rural areas. FP Moss, in a silk tube. (779)

35.060  Apodia bifractella 5.5mm Common in the south. Jul–Aug. Flies in the evening and to light. Damp meadows, ditches, marshes, downs, saltmarshes. FP Seedheads of Common Fleabane, Ploughman’s-spikenard, Sea Aster. (730)

35.049  Bryotropha similis 6mm Widespread but local. Jun–Aug. Mossy walls in open country or urban areas. FP Mosses. (780)

35.050  Aristotelia ericinella 7mm Common. Jul–Aug. Throughout on heaths and moors. Flies in afternoon and at night. FP Heathers. (752)

35.040 JP

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 84

35.040 Melanic IK

35.061  Ptocheuusa paupella 6mm Common. Jun, Aug–Sep. Comes to light. Damp woods and grassland, ditches, saltmarsh edges. FP Common Fleabane, Golden Samphire, Common Knapweed, mints. (748) 35.064  Argolamprotes micella 6mm Scarce. Jul. Spreading from the south-west. Hedgerows, open woods, gardens. FP Raspberry, Blackberry. (734)

35.040 CMM

15/10/2014 15:05

35.039 TT

35.041 DJS

35.042 JEG

35.045 TT

35.046 PGC

35.047 NS

35.049 TT

35.050 OW

35.050 PGC

35.052 NS

35.053 PGC

35.055 JBH

35.056 PGC

35.058 BS

35.059 CMM

35.060 OW

35.061 OW

35.064 DGG

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 85

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86 

GELECHIIDAE

35.065  Monochroa cytisella 6mm Local. Jun–Aug. Throughout England and Wales among Bracken in warm, sunny areas. Easily disturbed from the foodplant. FP Bracken, inside gall in a stem. (728)

35.079  Eulamprotes wilkella 5mm Localised. Jun, Aug. Three forms, one with a single fascia at base. Widespread but generally coastal, on sandy or shingle areas. FP Common Mouse-ear. (733)

35.066  Monochroa tenebrella 5.5mm Common. Jun–Jul. Flies in sun. Similar to Eulamprotes unicolorella but female has white tip to antennae. Scrub, poor grass, heaths. FP Sheep’s Sorrel. PGC (735)

35.080  Eulamprotes unicolorella 6mm Very local. May–Jul. Similar to Monochroa tenebrella. Dry fields, wasteground. FP Possibly St John’sworts. (732)

35.067  Monochroa conspersella 6mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Fens and damp areas. FP Yellow Loosestrife. (739)

35.081  Eulamprotes atrella 6mm Localised but widespread. Jul–Aug. Rough ground, dry pastures, open wood, downs. FP Perforate or Hairy St John’s-worts. (731)

35.070  Monochroa lutulentella 7mm Local. Jun–Aug. Plain with indistinct discal spot. Generally in fens, marshes and damp areas. FP Possibly roots of Meadowsweet. (742)

35.082  Eulamprotes immaculatella 5mm Rare. May–Sep. Plain dark forewing with weak pale costal mark at ²⁄3.Wide range of habitats, including dry cliffs, damp field, limestone pavement, herb-rich grassland. FP Unknown. (731a)

35.071  Monochroa lucidella 7mm Common. Jun–Jul. Widespread in damp freshwater habitats. Flies around foodplant in late afternoon. FP Common Spike-rush. (736)



35.084  Cotoneaster Webworm Athrips rancidella 6mm Local. Jun–Jul. Colonist from North America, first seen in Surrey in 1971. FP Cotoneasters, in a silken tube. (761a)

35.073  Monochroa palustrellus 10mm Very local. Jun–Aug. SE England, in sandy areas, dry pastures, marshes and wasteground. Recorded in W Ireland in 2006. FP Roots and stems of Curled Dock. (737)

35.085  Athrips mouffetella 8mm Local. Jun–Sep. Comes to light. Woods, gardens, hedges. FP Honeysuckle and Snowberry, in a silk spinning. (762)

35.074  Monochroa moyses 4.5mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Similar to M. lutulentella but has a very slight pale streak from costa at ¾. Brackish ditches behind sea walls. FP Sea Club-rush. (744a)

35.087  Neofriseria peliella 7mm Very local. Jul. On dry, open shingle sites in SE England only. FP At base of Sheep’s Sorrel, in a silken tube. (798)

35.077  Monochroa hornigi 5.5mm Rare. Jul–Aug. First recorded from Buckingham Palace garden in 1963. Foodplant grows on damp bare ground and ditches. FP Stems of Pale Persicaria. (740) 35.078  Monochroa niphognatha 7mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Discovered in Kent in 1984, since seen at light in Devon and Hampshire. FP Possibly stems of Amphibious Bistort. (740a)

35.065 JP

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 86

35.066 PGC

35.089  Prolita sexpunctella 8mm Local. May–Jun. Flies in sun on high heather moorland. FP Heathers, on spun leaves. (794)

35.091  Sophronia semicostella 9mm Common. Jun–Jul. Widespread. Flies in afternoons and to light. FP Probably Sweet Vernal-grass. (841)

35.067 JBH

15/10/2014 15:06

35.070 JBH

35.071 PGC

35.073 SR

35.074 JBH

35.077 NS

35.078 IRT

35.079 OW

35.079 SR

35.080 PGC

35.081 CMM

35.081 PGC

35.082 HMB

35.084 JP

35.085 NS

35.087 RH

35.089 SMP

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 87

35.091 CMM

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88 

GELECHIIDAE

35.092  Mirificarma lentiginosella 7mm Local. Jul–Aug. On heaths and downs where the foodplant occurs. FP Dyer’s Greenweed, in spun terminal shoots. (793)

35.103  Gelechia cuneatella 7mm Rare. Aug–Sep. Marshland, riverbanks. FP Willows. (804)

35.093  Mirificarma mulinella 7mm Common. Jul–Sep. Throughout on heathland and wasteground. Two distinctive dark stripes down forewing. FP Gorse, Broom, Tree Lupin. (792)

35.105  Gelechia nigra 9mm Scarce and local. Jun–Jul. Woods and riverbanks. FP Aspen, White or Grey poplars, in spun leaves. (806)

35.094  Aroga velocella 8mm Local. May–Aug. Flies in sun and at night on moors and heathland. FP At base of Sheep’s Sorrel, in a silken gallery. (796)

35.107  Psoricoptera gibbosella 8mm Local. Jul–Oct. Comes to light. Mature oak woodland. FP Deciduous oak, in a rolled leaf. (859)

35.095  Chionodes distinctella 8mm Local. Jun–Aug. Sandy grassland. FP Possibly grass roots. (791)

35.109  Scrobipalpa acuminatella 5mm Common. Apr–Sep. Sexually dimorphic; male is larger and darker than female shown. Rough meadows, fields, downland, etc. FP Mines lower leaves of thistles. (822)

35.096  Chionodes fumatella 7mm Local. Jun–Aug. Formerly on sandy coasts only but now widespread inland. FP Probably moss. (790)

35.112  Scrobipalpa suaedella 7mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Inhabits coastal saltmarshes. FP In silk spinning among leaves and flowers of Shrubby or Annual sea-blite. (810)

35.097  Gelechia rhombella 7mm Local. Jul–Aug. Widespread in old orchards. Grey with black ‘shoulder’ marks. FP Apple or pears, in a folded or spun leaf. (800)

35.113  Scrobipalpa salicorniae 6mm Local. Jun–Sep. Coastal on saltmarshes. FP Sea Blite, Sea Aster and Glasswort, even where regularly submerged by tides. (813)

35.099  Gelechia senticetella 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. First seen in Britain in 1988, now resident here; native to S Europe. Found in parks and gardens. FP Junipers or cypresses. (801a)

35.114  Scrobipalpa instabilella 6mm Common. Jun–Sep. Abundant on saltmarshes, mudflats and tidal rivers. Very similar to some other Scrobipalpa in the same habitats. Needs to be bred from foodplant or genitalia exam to be certain of ID. FP Leaves of Sea Purslane, even if submerged by tides. (812)

35.101  Gelechia sororculella 8mm Common. Jul–Aug. Damp woods, scrub, fens, wet heaths, riverbanks. FP Goat or Grey willow, in spun leaves. (802a) 35.102  Gelechia muscosella 7mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Can be found resting on trunks of sallows. Damp fens and shingle beaches. FP Sallows. (803)

35.092 OW

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 88

35.093 CMM

35.115  Scrobipalpa nitentella 6mm Common. Jul–Aug. Another common saltmarsh gelechiid, similar to others. FP Goosefoot, Annual Sea-blite and others. (815)

35.093 CMM

15/10/2014 15:06

35.094 PGC

35.094 SR

35.095 JBH

35.096 NS

35.097 JBH

35.099 NS

35.101 RJH

35.102 NS

35.103 PGC

35.105 NS

35.107 JP

35.107 PGC

35.109  NS

35.112 NS

35.113 DJS

35.114 CMM

35.115 OW

35.115 CMM

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 89

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90 

GELECHIIDAE

35.116  Scrobipalpa obsoletella 6mm Common. May–Sep. Mainly coastal but some inland records. The palest Scrobipalpa. FP Oraches and goosefoots. (816)

35.129  Caryocolum viscariella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Dry, open grassland, open woods, hedgerows. Can be swept from foodplant, comes to light. FP Red or White campion, Sticky Catchfly, in spun leaves. (828)

35.118  Beet Moth Scrobipalpa ocellatella 6mm Local. May–Oct. On shingle coasts and saltmarshes. FP Beetroot or Sea Beet, in a spinning. (814)

35.130  Caryocolum vicinella 6mm Local. Jun–Sep. Four large white spots are distinctive. Coastal shingle and cliffs. FP Sea Campion. (826)



35.119  Scrobipalpa samadensis 6mm Common. Jun–Sep. Saltmarshes, sand dunes and vegetated shingle. FP Roots of plantains. (811)



35.120  Thyme Moth Scrobipalpa artemisiella 5mm Local. Jun–Jul. Sandhills and limestone habitats. Can be netted from foodplant. FP Wild Thyme, in a silk web. (820)

35.131  Caryocolum marmorea 5mm Common. May–Aug. Sandy coasts throughout. Sexually dimorphic. FP Common or Little mouse-ear, in a sand-covered silk tube at the base. (829) 35.132  Caryocolum fraternella 6mm Common. Jun–Aug. Dry grassland, heaths or damp areas depending on foodplant. FP Young shoots of Bog or Lesser stitchwort, Field or Common mouse-ear. (830)

35.122  Scrobipalpa clintoni 7mm Rare. Apr–Jun. Sandy or shingle south-facing bays above the high-tide mark on west coasts of Scotland. FP Stems of Curled Dock. (817)

35.133  Caryocolum blandella 6mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread in shady situations in woods and hedges. FP Greater Stitchwort, in spun leaves and shoots. (832)

35.123  Scrobipalpa costella 7mm Common. Sep–Apr. Damp woods and hedges throughout. Sexually dimorphic. FP Bittersweet. (819)

35.134  Caryocolum blandelloides 5mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Known from only 3 Scottish sand dunes. Comes to light. First discovered in 1994. FP Flowers and unripe seeds of Common Mouse-ear. (832a)

35.125  Scrobipalpula tussilaginis 6mm Rare. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Along shores with bare sand or clay and little vegetation. Discovered in 1983. FP Mines upper surface of leaf of Colt’s-foot, causing it to turn purple. (823a)

35.136  Caryocolum blandulella 4.5mm Very rare. Jul–Aug. Restricted to sand dunes in Kent and Carmarthen. FP Little Mouse-ear, in spun seed capsules. (835)

35.127  Tuta absoluta 5mm Adventive. First seen Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, in 2010. Potential threat and could become established in commercial Tomato-growing farms and greenhouses. Originally from South America, now established in S Europe. FP Tomatoes. (825a)

35.137  Caryocolum tricolorella 6mm Common. Jun–Aug. Open woods and hedgerows. FP Greater Stitchwort, in spun buds and shoots. (834)

35.128  Caryocolum alsinella 5mm Local. Jul–Aug. On sandy coasts. FP Various mouse-ears, in spun flowers and seeds. (827)

35.116 NS

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 90

35.118 RJH

35.140  Caryocolum kroesmanniella 6mm Rare. Jul–Sep. Open woodlands. Previously thought to be more widespread owing to confusion with C. huebneri and C. blandella. FP Greater or Bog stitchwort, in spun shoots. (836)

35.119 IK

15/10/2014 15:06

35.120 DAG

35.122 RJH

35.123  CMM

35.123  NS

35.125 MSP

35.127 PGC

35.128 JBH

35.129 SMP

35.130 IK

35.131  CMM

35.132 TT

35.133 NS

35.131  TT

35.134 SMP

Moths 2014 pp072-091.indd 91

35.136 JSB

35.137 PGC

35.140 TT

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92 

GELECHIIDAE

35.141  Teleiodes vulgella 6mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout. Pale raised scale tufts beside dark dots are distinctive. FP Hawthorns, Blackthorn, in spun leaves. (765)

35.151  Carpatolechia proximella 7mm Common. May–Jun. Comes to light. Woods, damp ground, heathland. FP Birches or alders, in a folded leaf. (770)

35.143  Teleiodes luculella 5.5mm Common. May–Aug. On trunks by day, comes to light. Woods, parks, etc. FP Oaks, in spun leaves. (774)

35.152  Pseudotelphusa scalella 5mm Local. May–Jun. Can be found on tree trunks and at light. Woodland and parks. FP Lichens and moss on tree trunks. (764)

35.144  Teleiodes flavimaculella 6mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Two records only in UK. Similar to T. luculella but without white semi-circle touching costa. Woodland. FP Possibly oaks or Sweet Chestnut. (774a)

35.153  Pseudotelphusa paripunctella 6mm Local. May–Jun. Comes to light. Woodland, heaths, hedges, moors, bogs. FP Mainly on oaks in the south, Bog-myrtle in the north. (773)

35.145  Teleiodes sequax 6mm Common. Jul. Chalk and limestone downs in the south, acid soils in Scotland. Can be swept from foodplant. FP Common or Hoary rock-rose. (775)

35.155  Altenia scriptella 7mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Declining. On trunks by day, comes to light. Woods and hedgerows. FP Young Field Maple, in a folded leaf. (766)

35.146  Teleiopsis diffinis 7mm Common. May–Oct. Dry, acid grassland and heathland. FP Sheep’s Sorrel. (776)

35.156  Recurvaria nanella 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. Can be found on trunks and at light. Orchards. FP Apple, pears, plums. (757)

35.147  Carpatolechia decorella 6mm Widespread but local. Jul–Apr. Hibernates. Markings variable. Woods and scrub. FP Deciduous oaks or Dogwood. (767)

35.157  Recurvaria leucatella 6mm Local. Jun–Aug. Scattered in hedges, gardens, etc. FP Hawthorns, Apple, sometimes Rowan, in spun leaves. (758)

35.148  Carpatolechia fugitivella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Comes to light. Woods, parks, hedges. FP Elms, in a spun or folded leaf. (772)

35.159  Exoteleia dodecella 7mm Common. Jun–Jul. Conifer plantations. FP Pines, in spun needles. (760)

35.149  Carpatolechia alburnella 6mm Local. Jun–Aug. Woods, parks, heathland. FP Birches, in a spun or folded leaf. (771)

35.141 DAG

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35.143 PGC

35.144 RH

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35.145 DAG

35.145 PGC

35.146 CMM

35.147 PGC

35.148 NS

35.146 CMM

35.149 NS

35.151 CMM

35.151 CMM

35.152 NS

35.153 OW

35.155 OW

35.157 JP

35.156 PGC

35.155 Larva on Field Maple OW

35.157 NS

35.159 NS

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94 

GELECHIIDAE, BATRACHEDRIDAE and COLEOPHORIDAE

35.160  Stenolechia gemmella 5mm Local. Jul–Oct. Comes to light. Oak woodland. FP Buds or shoots of oaks. (755)

35.161  Parachronistis albiceps 5mm Local. Jul–Aug. Comes to light. Woods, gardens hedges. FP Buds on Hazel. (756)

36 BATRACHEDRIDAE There are two woodland species. Narrow-winged with antennae held back, resting slightly inclined. They come to light. There is a single record of a third species, Batrachedra parvulipunctella, from Cornwall in 1991. 36.001  Batrachedra praeangusta 8mm Common. Jun–Oct. Woods, parks, gardens, scrub, etc. FP Female catkins, then buds, of White Poplar, Aspen, White or Goat willows. (878)

36.002  Batrachedra pinicolella 6mm Common. Jun–Aug. Coniferous woods, gardens. FP Needles of Norway Spruce. (879)

37 COLEOPHORIDAE There are 109 species, five of which are extinct. Generally rest slightly inclined with antennae forward. Larvae live in cases which can be distinctive and diagnostic. Adults often similar. Many are best bred or genitalia dissected for certain identification. 37.002  Coleophora lutarea 6mm Very local. Apr–Jun. Flies in sunshine around the foodplant. Woodland. FP Seeds of Greater Stitchwort. (487)

37.007  Coleophora flavipennella 5.5mm Common. Jul–Aug. Oak woodland. Similar to C. lutipennella. FP Oaks. (492)

37.003  Coleophora limoniella 7mm Very local. Jul–Aug. Flies in afternoon sunshine in drier parts of saltmarshes. FP Flowers and seeds of Common Sea-lavender. (488)

37.008  Coleophora adjectella 5mm Rare. Aug–Sep. Hedgerows and scrub in SE England. FP Blackthorn. (496a)

37.004  Coleophora albella 8mm Rare. May–Jun. Female lays live larvae directly onto the foodplant in damp, shady woodland. FP Seeds of Ragged Robin. (489)

37.009  Coleophora milvipennis 6mm Common. Jul. Antennae ringed to about ¾. Heathland and open woods with scattered birch trees. FP Birch. (496)

37.005  Coleophora lutipennella 6mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread in oak woods. Larva is in a case in autumn to feed on leaves, then overwinters to feed on oak catkins in spring. FP Oaks. (490)

37.010  Coleophora alnifoliae 6mm Local. Jun–Aug. Similar to C. adjectella. Some populations have a 2-year life cycle. Woodlands and stream banks. FP Mature Common Alder. (498)

37.006  Coleophora gryphipennella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Flies at dusk and dawn and to light. Similar to other coleophorids but rings on antennae are clearly defined. FP Roses, including cultivars. (491)

37.011  Coleophora badiipennella 5mm Local. Jun–Jul. Woodland edges on young trees. Similar to C. adjectella. FP Elms. (497)

35.161 NS

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35.161 NS

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35.160 OW

36.001 PGC

36.002 NS

37.002 OW

37.003 OW

37.003 Case on Common Sea-lavender DGG

37.004 RH

37.005 PGC

37.005 Case DGG

37.006 Case on rose OW

37.006 TT

37.007 JEG

37.008 RH

37.009 NS

37.009 Case on birch NS

37.010 Cases on Alder OW

37.011 Case on English Elm PGC

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COLEOPHORIDAE

37.012  Coleophora limosipennella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Similar to C. badiipennella, antennae fully ringed. Wood margins and hedgerows with elm saplings. FP Elms. (499)

37.026  Coleophora violacea 5mm Common. May–Jun. Almost anywhere. Antennae dark with white tips, forewing plain brown. FP Larvae are polyphagous on up to 35 plants, including trees, bushes and herbaceous plants. (509)

37.015  Coleophora serratella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Widespread on a range of trees. Antennae not ringed towards the tips. FP Elms, birches, Common Alder, Hazel, sometimes Hornbeam. (493)

37.028  Coleophora juncicolella 3mm Common. Jun–Jul. Flies in sun on heathlands throughout. Plain but tiny making this readily identified. FP Heathers, in a case made of leaves. (510)



37.016  Apple and Plum Case-bearer Coleophora spinella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Antennae fully ringed. Woods, hedgerows, gardens. FP Usually on hawthorns or Apple, also plums, pears or Blackthorn. (495)

37.029  Coleophora orbitella 7mm Local. May–Jun. On heaths in stands of mature birches or in Alder carrs. FP Birches or Common alder. (511)

37.017  Coleophora prunifoliae 6mm Local. Jun–Jul. Scattered colonies in Blackthorn. First described by Bob Heckford in 1980. FP Blackthorn, Apple, Dwarf Cherry. (494a)

37.030  Coleophora binderella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Antennae rings faint towards tips. On heaths in stands of mature birches or in Alder carrs and woods with Hazel. FP Birches, Common Alder, Hazel. (512)

37.022  Coleophora lusciniaepennella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Damp ground, bogs and fens. Mines a leaf to build a case from which to feed. FP Willows, Bog-myrtle. (504)

37.031  Coleophora ahenella 6mm Scarce and local. May–Jun. FP Buckthorn, Alder Buckthorn. (514)

37.023  Coleophora idaeella 7mm Rare. Jun–Jul. NE Scottish Highlands only. Similar to C. lusciniaepennella. Two-year life cycle. Case built from a mined leaf. Pinewoods and scrub. FP Cowberry. (505)

37.032  Coleophora albitarsella 6mm Common. Jun–Aug. Flies in sun and to light. Antennae thick and dark at base, faintly ringed at tips. Tarsi whitish. Wide range of habitats. FP Range of herbs in partial shade, e.g. Marjoram, mints, Basil, calamints, Clary, self-heals. (515)

37.024  Coleophora vitisella 6mm Rare. May–Jul. Annual life cycle. Similar to C. idaeella. Pinewoods and scrub. FP Cowberry. (506)



37.033  Large Clover Case-bearer Coleophora trifolii 10mm Common. Jun–Jul. Flies in sun and to light in wasteground and open grassland. Antennae thick at base, tips white. FP Seeds of Ribbed or Tall melilot. (516)

37.012 PGC

37.012 Case on Wych Elm PGC

37.015 KT

37.016 PGC

37.016 Case development PGC

37.015 Case on birch PGC

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37.017 PGC

37.017 Case PGC

37.022 PGC

37.023 Case on Cowberry RJH

37.024 Case on Cowberry RJH

37.022 Case on Sallow PGC

37.026 Case JEG

37.028 IK

37.028 Case on heather TT

37.029 JBH

37.029 Case NS

37.030 OW

37.032 NS

37.031 IRT

37.030 Case on birch OW

37.032 Case on Ground Ivy NS

37.033 PGC

37.033 Case PGC

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COLEOPHORIDAE 37.034  Small Clover Case-bearer Coleophora frischella 6mm Local. Rough grass with the foodplant. Formerly believed to be the same as Large Clover Case-bearer and Clover Case-bearer. FP Flowerheads of White Clover. (517a)

37.035  Clover Case-bearer Coleophora alcyonipennella 6mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Distribution uncertain. Grassy habitats with the foodplant. Formerly believed to be the same as Large and Small clover case-bearer. FP Flowerheads of White Clover. (517) 37.036  Coleophora conyzae 7mm Local. Jun–Jul. Pale forewing, veins buff. Chalk or limestone grassland on Ploughman’s-spikenard, or marshy areas on fleabanes. FP Fleabanes or Ploughman’s-spikenard. (521) 37.037  Coleophora calycotomella 6mm Rare. Jun–Jul. First seen in Surrey in 2004. FP Mines in leaves of Broom. (521a)

37.038  Coleophora lineolea 7mm Common. Jun–Aug. Antennae white, dotted below in female. Widespread wherever foodplants grow in grassland, road verges, gardens, etc. FP Mainly Black Horehound, Hedge Woundwort, sometimes Lamb’s Ear or Betony. Case is hairy from plant leaves. (522) 37.039  Coleophora hemerobiella 7mm Local. Jul. Speckled grey, slight grey dot about ¾ way down wing. Two-year life cycle. Woods, gardens, orchards. FP Hawthorns and fruit trees. (523) 37.040  Coleophora lithargyrinella 6mm Widespread but local. Jun–Jul. In woods with Greater Stitchwort or on the coast with Sea Campion. FP Greater Stitchwort or Sea Campion. Case tinged pink. (524)

37.034 TT

Moths 2014 pp092-111.indd 98

37.035 RH

37.041  Coleophora genistae 6mm Local. Jun–Jul. Similar to C. discordella but white costal margin almost reaches apex. Damp heaths, moors and grassland. FP Leaves and flowers of Petty Whin, in a case. Often gregarious. (546) 37.042  Coleophora saturatella 7mm Local. Jun–Aug. Flies at dusk. Heaths, commons, rough pasture. FP Broom or Dyer’s Greenweed. (545)

37.044  Coleophora discordella 6mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread. White costal margin does not reach apex. FP Bird’s-foot trefoils, in a pistol-shaped case. (547) 37.046  Coleophora deauratella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Throughout on rough ground, grassland, road verges. Flies on sunny mornings and comes to light. FP Red Clover flowers and seeds. (519) 37.047  Coleophora amethystinella 9mm Rare and local. May–Jun. Inhabits coastal and sea-wall grassland in Essex. Orange hairs around eyes and no white on antennae. FP Seeds of Smooth Tare. (520) 37.048  Coleophora mayrella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Throughout on rough ground, grassland, road verges. Flies by day or night. FP White Clover flowers and seeds. (518)

37.049  Pistol Case-bearer Coleophora anatipennella 7mm Common. Jun–Jul. Similar to C. albidella but foodplants differ. FP Blackthorn, hawthorns, wild cherries, Apple, etc. Case looks like an old-fashioned pistol. (533)

37.050  Coleophora albidella 7mm Common. Jun–Jul. Noticeable buff tuft below base of antennae. Damp situations and dunes. FP Small-leaved willows, including Creeping, Eared and Grey. (532)

37.036 Case on Fleabane MSP

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37.037 JBH

37.038 PGC

37.038 Case on Black Horehound GMT

37.039 PGC

37.039 Case on hawthorn NS

37.040 DJS

37.042 NS

37.041 Case on Petty Whin OW

37.040 Case on Greater Stitchwort OW

37.042 Case on Broom JP

37.044 CMM

37.044 Case on bird’s-foot trefoil PGC

37.046 NS

37.047 AWP

37.048 NS

37.049 PGC

37.049 Case on Blackthorn PGC

37.050 CMM

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100 

COLEOPHORIDAE

37.051  Coleophora kuehnella 8mm Local. Jul–Aug. Pale, with slight marks near apex. Sunny rides in oak woods. FP Oaks, in a very distinctive case. (537) 37.052  Coleophora ibipennella 6mm Common. Jul–Aug. Pale overall, similar to others. Oak woodlands. FP Oaks, in a pistol-shaped case. (535) 37.053  Coleophora betulella 7mm Local. Jun–Jul. Has a plain form similar to C. ibipennella and was previously thought to be the same species. Heathy habitats with birches. FP Birches, in a pistol-shaped case. IK, NS (536) 37.054  Coleophora currucipennella 7mm Rare. Jul. Buff tuft (scape) below base of antennae. Comes to light. Woodland. FP Oaks, Hornbeam, willows. (534) 37.055  Coleophora pyrrhulipennella 7mm Common. May–Aug. Widespread on heaths, moors and bogs. FP Leaves and flowers of Ling, Bell Heather. Feeds from a distinctive black silk case. (541)

37.059  Large Gold Case-bearer Coleophora vibicella 10mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Declining. Large and striking in warm pastures and woodland rides. FP Dyer’s Greenweed. (538)

37.060  Coleophora ochrea 9mm Rare and local. Jul–Aug. Chalk and limestone downs of SE England, Cotswolds, Dorset, Isle of Wight, Gower in S Wales. FP Common Rock-rose. Mines leaves, joins them together diagonally. (531)

37.063  Coleophora albicosta 7mm Common. Jun–Jul. Common throughout wherever foodplant grows. Flies mainly at dusk. White leading edge to wing is distinctive, but easily confused with other similar Coleophora spp. FP Gorse flowers and seed pods. (544) 37.065  Coleophora pennella 9mm Locally common. Jun–Jul. Dry calcareous or sandy soils or shingle beaches in SE England. FP Viper’sbugloss, in a hairy case. (549)

37.066  Larch Case-bearer Coleophora laricella 5mm Common. Jun–Jul. Can be an infestation, turning needles yellow. Larch woods and plantations. FP Larch needles. (526)

37.069  Coleophora caespititiella 5mm Common. May–Jun. Flies in the evening and to light. Easily disturbed by day. Inhabits marshes, riverbanks and damp meadows. FP Florets of many rushes, including Saltmarsh Rush. (587) 37.070  Coleophora tamesis 7mm Local. Jun–Aug. Flies in evening sun and at night in damp areas. FP Florets of Jointed Rush. (583)

37.071  Coleophora glaucicolella 6mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread in any damp area. Flies morning, evening and night, easily disturbed. FP Florets of various rushes. (582) 37.072  Coleophora otidipennella 6mm Common. May–Jun. Grassland throughout. Flies in daytime, easily disturbed. FP Flowers of Field or Heath wood-rush. (578)

37.061  Coleophora lixella 9mm Local. Jul–Aug. Large and distinctive. Chalk and limestone downs. FP Thyme in the autumn, grass in the spring. (530)

37.051 JBH

37.051 Case on oak JBH

37.052 NS

37.053 IK

37.053 Case on birch NS

37.052 Case IK

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37.054 JP

37.055 CMM

37.055 Case CMM

37.059 MSP

37.059 Case on Dyer’s Greenweed MSP

37.060 PHS

37.061 PGC

37.063 CMM

37.060 Case on Rock Rose PHS

37.065 Case on Viper’s-bugloss NS

37.066 IK

37.066 Case and feeding damage on Larch OW

37.069 PGC

37.069 Case and larva on Soft Rush PGC

37.070 JEG

37.071 PGC

37.071 Cases on rush DGG 

37.072 PGC

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COLEOPHORIDAE

37.073  Coleophora alticolella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. White costal streak, otherwise plain grey. Occurs everywhere with rushes up to an altitude of at least 500m. Flies at sunrise, in evening and at night. Easily disturbed by day. FP Florets of many species of rush. (584) 37.074  Coleophora taeniipennella 5mm Common. Jun–Jul. Easily disturbed by day. In fens, marshes, ditches, damp fields, etc. FP Jointed, Sharp-flowered or other rushes. (581)

37.086  Coleophora versurella 7mm Local. Jun–Sep. Ochreous with pale striated veins. Wasteground, fields with root crops, fens, saltmarshes. FP Florets of oraches or goosefoots. (568) 37.087  Coleophora vestianella 7mm Scarce and local. Jun–Jul. On wasteground, fields with root crops, fens and saltmarshes. Ochreous with pale striated veins, similar to C. versurella. FP Florets of oraches or goosefoots. (572)

37.075  Coleophora salinella 6mm Scarce and local. Jul–Aug. Coastal on sea walls and saltmarsh edges. FP Sea Purslane or oraches. (575)

37.088  Coleophora atriplicis 7mm Scarce and local. Jul–Aug. Pale costal streak, appears plain otherwise, ringed antennae. Comes to light. Along mean high-tide strip of saltmarshes. FP Prickly Saltwort, Sea Purslane, sea-blites, glassworts, Grass-leaved Orache. (573)

37.076  Coleophora sylvaticella 6mm Local. Apr–Jun. Pale whitish buff all over. Flies by day in sunny, open areas of acid heath and woodland. FP Flowers of Great Wood-rush. (580)

37.090  Coleophora artemisicolella 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. Wasteground, rough verges, etc. Buff-ochreous, with barely discernable striated markings. FP Mugwort. (577)

37.077  Coleophora lassella 5mm Rare. May–Jun, Aug. Muddy, damp areas close to the sea. FP Toad Rush. (552)

37.092  Coleophora galbulipennella 8mm Very rare. Jul–Aug. Shingle beaches of Dungeness in Kent. FP Nottingham Catchfly. (551)

37.080  Coleophora virgaureae 7mm Common. Jul–Sep. Pale ochreous grey, striated, white veins, similar to others. Grassland, cliffs and dunes, saltmarshes. FP Usually on flower of Goldenrod, sometimes Sea Aster in sunny areas. (564)

37.093  Coleophora peribenanderi 7mm Common. Jun–Jul. Widespread. Striated, similar to C. trochilella. FP Under leaves of thistles or burdocks. (559)

37.083  Coleophora saxicolella 7mm Common. Jul–Aug. On wasteground, old farmyards, disturbed ground. Comes to light. FP Flower of oraches or goosefoots. (565)

37.095  Coleophora trochilella 6mm Common. Jul–Aug. Pale ochreous with striated white veins, antennae ringed. Dry grassland and slopes, especially on coasts. FP Leaf of Mugwort, Wormwood, Yarrow, Tansy, Ox-eye Daisy, Hemp Agrimony. (556)

37.084  Coleophora sternipennella 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. Similar to C. saxicolella but generally smaller and less distinctly marked. Details as for C. saxicolella. FP Flowers of oraches or goosefoots. (566)

37.073 TT

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37.073 Case and larva PGC

37.075 NS

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37.074 HMB

37.074 Case on rush NS

37.076 Case on Great Woodrush DAG

37.077 NS

37.080 JEG

37.080 Case and larva on Goldenrod JEG

37.083 PGC

37.084 TT

37.086 TT

37.087 TT

37.088 PGC

37.088 Case on Prickly Saltwort OW

37.090 Case on Mugwort seedhead DJS

37.092 DAG

37.093 NS

37.095 HMB

37.095 Case on Hemp Agrimony PGC

37.093 Case on thistle NS

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COLEOPHORIDAE and ELACHISTIDAE

37.099  Coleophora striatipennella 6mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout Britain in damp woods, grassland, marshes. Pale with striated grey veins. FP Flowers of Lesser Stitchwort, Common Chickweed, Common Mouse-ear. (553) 37.100  Coleophora solitariella 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Shady woods and hedgerows. FP On stitchworts, in a pale case. (525)

37.101  Coleophora albicans 6mm Scarce and local. Jul–Aug. Locally common on sea walls and saltmarsh edges. Ochreous, striated, with scattered black scales. FP Sea wormwood. (576) 37.102  Coleophora argentula 6mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread. Pale ochreous and striated, similar to others. FP Flowers of Yarrow or Sneezewort. (563) 37.103  Coleophora follicularis 7mm Common. Jun–Aug. Pale, striated veins ochreous. FP Hemp Agrimony, Common Fleabane. (555)

37.105  Coleophora nutantella 8mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Adult pale, ochreous veins, scattered black scales. Grassy slopes, chalk cliffs, road verges. Similar to C. galbulipennella but paler. FP Flowerhead of Bladder Campion or Nottingham Catchfly, in a case. (550) 37.106  Coleophora paripennella 6mm Common. Jul–Aug. Dark bronzy colour, dark antennae with pale tips. Widespread on road verges, wasteground, etc. FP Knapweed or Creeping Thistle. (560) 37.107  Coleophora clypeiferella 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. Wasteland, poor grassland and fields with root crops. FP Floret of Fat-hen. (589)

37.108  Coleophora salicorniae 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. Forewing plain ochreous, antennae ringed, thickened at base. Comes to light, sometimes miles from coast. Coastal, on drier parts of saltmarshes. FP Glassworts. (588)

37.104  Coleophora adspersella 7mm Local. Jun–Aug. Ochreous with pale striated veins. Wasteground, fields with root crops, fens and saltmarshes. FP Flowers of oraches or Sea Purslane. (567)

37.109  Betony Case-bearer Coleophora wockeella 10mm Rare and local. UK BAP. Jul. Large with distinctive ‘hairy’ antennae. Edges of woodland rides; in 2013 restricted to a single site in Sussex. FP Betony. (527)

38 ELACHISTIDAE This family has 49 members, often similar, so care is needed for identification and may need genitalia determination. Larvae mostly mine leaves of grass or sedge. 38.001  Perittia obscurepunctella 4.5mm Common. Apr–May. Widespread in open woodland. Flies in sunshine. FP Forms blotch mine in leaves of Honeysuckle. (590)

37.099 JBH

Moths 2014 pp092-111.indd 104

37.100 OW

38.003  Stephensia brunnichella 4.5mm Local. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Inhabits edges of calcareous deciduous woodland with plenty of foodplants. Markings distinctive, combined with diagnostic white band on antennae at ¾. FP Mine in underside of leaf of Wild Basil. Second brood overwinters in mine. (592)

37.100 Case on Greater Stitchwort OW

17/10/2014 09:15

37.101 Case on Sea Wormwood NS

37.102 NS

37.102 Case on Yarrow PGC

37.103 CMM

37.103 Case DGG

37.104 NS

37.105 Case on Bladder Campion DJS

37.106 TT

37.106 Case on Knapweed PGC

37.107 PGC

37.108 NS

37.109 DGG

38.001 PGC

38.003 OW

37.109 Case on Betony DGG

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ELACHISTIDAE

38.004  Elachista argentella 7mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout in grassland, including saltmarshes. FP Mines leaves of many grasses. (610)

38.022  Elachista gleichenella 4.5mm Common. May–Aug. Widespread in shaded woodland. FP Forms blotch mine in leaves of various sedges or wood-rushes. (594)

38.005  Elachista triatomea 4.5mm Local. Jun–Jul. Open grassland, especially hillsides and cliffs. Similar to E. biatomella but without dark speckling. FP Leaves of fescues. (611)

38.023  Elachista biatomella 4mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Open grassland, heaths and downs. FP Mines in leaves of Glaucous Sedge. (595)

38.007  Elachista subocellea 5mm Local. Jun–Jul. Woodland edges and clearings. FP Mines leaves of False Brome. (613)

38.024  Elachista poae 5.5mm Scarce. May–Jun, Aug. Inhabits edges of ponds, lakes, streams. FP Creates narrow mines in leaves of Reed Sweet-grass. (596)

38.012  Elachista obliquella 5mm Local. Apr–Aug. Along woodland edges or rides, mostly in England. FP Mines in leaves of various sedges or grasses. (617)

38.025  Elachista atricomella 6mm Common. May–Sep. Throughout on wood edges, grassland, verges. FP Mines in leaves of Cock’s-foot grass. (597)

38.015  Elachista gangabella 5mm Local. May–Jun. Has single yellowish fascia (cross-band) and dark fringe on termen. Shady woodland. FP Mines in leaves of various grasses. (620)

38.026  Elachista kilmunella 5mm Local. May–Aug. N Britain and Ireland on upland acid heaths and bogs. FP Mines in leaves of various sedges. (598)

38.016  Elachista subalbidella 6mm Common. Jun. Unmistakable plain ochreous forewings. Widespread on moors and heaths. FP Leaves of Purple Moor-grass. (621)

38.028  Elachista alpinella 6mm Widespread but local. Jun–Sep. Marshes and wet meadows. FP Mines in leaves of various sedges. (599)

38.017  Elachista adscitella 5mm Local. May–Jul, Aug. Scattered in sheltered open woodland. FP Tufted Hair-grass or Blue Moor-grass. (622)

38.029  Elachista luticomella 5.5mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread along woodland edges and rides, damp ground, etc. FP Mines in leaves of Cock’s-foot or False Brome. (600)

38.018  Elachista bisulcella 4.5mm Widespread but local. May–Sep. Outer margin of cross-band and termen fringe are yellowish. Along edges and rides of deciduous woodland. FP Tufted Hair-grass or Tall Fescue. (623)

38.030  Elachista albifrontella 4.5mm Common. Jun–Jul. Similar to E. apicipunctella with white head but no white spot at termen. Most grassland habitats. FP Mines leaves of a wide range of grasses. (601)

38.019  Elachista regificella 4.5mm Local. Jul. Open woodland in S Britain. FP Forms blotch mine in leaves of various wood-rushes. (593)

38.032  Elachista apicipunctella 5.5mm Widespread but local. Similar to E. albifrontella with white head but extra, diagnostic, white spot at termen. Along woodland edges and rides. FP Mines leaves of a wide range of grasses. (602)

38.004 CMM

Moths 2014 pp092-111.indd 106

38.005 PGC

38.007 PGC

15/10/2014 16:01

38.012 OW

38.015 Mine in grass PGC

38.016 DAG

38.017 PGC

38.018 GMT

38.016 JEG

38.019 PGC

38.019 Mine on Great Wood-rush PGC

38.022 PGC

38.023 JBH

38.024 JEG

38.024 Mine in Reed Sweet-grass JEG

38.025 NS

38.026 PGC

38.028 NS

38.029 TT

38.030 TT

38.032  (top) & / (bottom) PGC

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108 

ELACHISTIDAE and PARAMETRIOTIDAE

38.033  Elachista subnigrella 5.5mm Local. May–Jun. Aug. Male has indistinct markings and is paler than the female shown. Dry grassland. FP Mines leaves of Upright Brome or Downy Oat-grass. (603) 38.034  Elachista orstadii 4mm Rare. May–Jul. Variably speckled plain grey. Previously known only from Scotland; now recorded from the Cotswolds on dry grassland. FP Unknown. (604) 38.035  Elachista pomerana 4.5mm Rare. Apr–Sep. Damp fens in E England. FP Leaves of Wood Small-reed. (605)

38.036  Elachista humilis 5mm Common. May–Jul. Sheltered grassy habitats. FP Range of grasses. (606)

38.037  Elachista canapennella 5mm Common. Jun–Aug. Female is smaller and darker, with more contrasting markings. Range of grassland habitats. FP Range of grasses. (607) 38.038  Elachista rufocinerea 5.5mm Common. Apr–Jun. Throughout in grassland, bogs, heaths. Flies at dusk. FP Mines in leaves of Creeping Soft-grass, False Oat-grass, etc. (608) 38.039  Elachista maculicerusella 5.5mm Local. May–Aug. Throughout, in marshes, along riverbanks, in wet ditches. FP Mines stems of Reed Canary-grass, Common Reed. (609)

38.040  Elachista trapeziella 4.5mm Rare. May–Jul. White spot near base of forewing is diagnostic. Male, not shown, has white markings much reduced from female example shown. Shady deciduous woodland and river gorges, at altitudes up to 450m. FP Mines in leaves of Great or Hairy wood-rush. (624) 38.042  Elachista serricornis 4mm Local. Jun–Jul. Female, shown, is more strongly marked than male. Boggy areas and damp, shady woodland. FP Leaves of Wood Sedge. (626) 38.043  Elachista scirpi 4mm Scarce and local. Jun–Aug. Inhabits saltmarshes. Flies around foodplants at sunset. FP Leaves of Sea Club-rush, Saltmarsh Rush, Round-fruited Rush. (627) 38.046  Elachista albidella 5mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread on wet bogs and acid heaths. FP Leaves of cottongrasses or various sedges. (630) 38.047  Elachista freyerella 4mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Sep. Widespread in damp meadows and woodland rides. FP Leaves of various grasses. (631) 38.048  Elachista consortella 4mm Local. Mar–Sep. Well-drained, open calcareous grassland. FP Leaves of Annual Meadow-grass. (632) 38.049  Elachista stabilella 4mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Female has darker markings than male. FP Leaves of various grasses. (633)

39 PARAMETRIOTIDAE Contains six species in four genera. These were formerly included in Elachistidae. They inhabit trees and shrubs, the larvae mostly living under the bark. 39.001  Blastodacna hellerella 5mm Common. Jun–Jul. Wherever foodplant grows throughout Britain. FP Berries of hawthorns, Common Whitebeam. (905)

38.033 / JEG

Moths 2014 pp092-111.indd 108

38.034 OW



39.002  Apple Pith Moth Blastodacna atra 6mm Local. May–Sep. Gardens, orchards, woodland. FP Mines a twig of Apple, causing shoot to die. (906)

38.035 JBH

17/10/2014 09:15

38.036 PGC

38.037 / BD

38.037  CMM

38.038 CMM

38.039 CMM

38.039 Pupa on reed IK

38.040 / RJH

38.042 / PGC

38.043 JEG

38.046 CMM

38.046 PGC

38.047 TM

38.048 OW

38.049 NS

39.001 CMM

39.001 CMM

39.002 TT

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110 

PARAMETRIOTIDAE and MOMPHIDAE

39.003  Spuleria flavicaput 7mm Local. May–Jun. Flies in morning sun and to light. Woods, scrub, hedges. FP Mines twigs of hawthorns. (904)

39.005  Chrysoclista linneella 6mm Very local. May–Aug. Wooded areas, including urban roadsides. Moth rests on trunk of foodplant by day. Antennae tipped white. FP Bark of limes, exuding reddish frass. (903)

39.004  Dystebenna stephensi 5mm Rare. Jun–Sep. Open woods and parks with mature oaks. Can be found on oak trunks. FP Bark of oaks, exuding orange frass. (907)

39.006  Chrysoclista lathamella 5.5–7mm Rare. Jun–Aug. Wooded areas. Moth rests on trunk of foodplant by day. Antennae tipped white. FP Bark of White Willow and other willows. (902)

40 MOMPHIDAE There are 15 species in this family. Most can be identified visually if in fresh condition. Adults rest horizontally with wings steeply roof-like. Wings fit close to the body, giving a tapered look from above, with antennae alongside. Mostly associated with willowherbs. 40.001  Mompha conturbatella 7mm Common. May–Sep. Wasteground, open woods, downs, verges. FP Mines shoots of Rosebay and Broad-leaved Willowherb. (885)

40.007  Mompha bradleyi 5.5mm Very local. Aug–May. Hibernates. Rough, damp areas. FP Stems of Great Willowherb. (889a)

40.002  Mompha ochraceella 7mm Common. May–Aug. Along streams, ditches, riverbanks and in gardens. FP Stems and leaves of Great Willowherb. (886)

40.008  Mompha subbistrigella 5mm Common. Year-round. Hibernates indoors and in sheds, comes to light. Damp woods, stream banks, ditches, gardens. FP Unripe seeds of various willowherbs. (892)

40.003  Mompha lacteella 6mm Rare. May–Jul. Comes to light. Damp woods, wasteground. Palps banded. Head, thorax and basal blotch sandy or off-white. FP Leaves of Broad-leaved Willowherb. (887)

40.009  Mompha sturnipennella 5mm Very local. Jul–May. Hibernates. Flies around foodplant in sun, comes to light. Dry heaths, wasteground. FP Stems or seeds of Rosebay Willowherb. (891)

40.004  Mompha propinquella 6mm Common. Jun–Sep. Comes to light. Open woods, wasteground, gardens. Palps, head, thorax and basal blotch bright white. FP Great or Broad-leaved willowherbs. (888)

40.010  Mompha epilobiella 5.5mm Common. Year-round. Hibernates. In almost any habitat where foodplant grows. FP Spins a shoot of Great Willowherb, causing it to grow sideways; sometimes in Evening Primrose or possibly other willowherbs. (893)

40.005  Mompha divisella 6mm Local. Aug–May. Hibernates. Comes to light. Wasteground, verges, damp woods, gardens. FP Stems of Broad-leaved, Marsh, Spear-leaved, Hoary or Great willowherb. (889) 40.006  Mompha jurassicella 5.5mm Very local. Jul–May. Hibernates. On dry wasteground, heathland, urban sites. FP Stems of Great Willowherb. (890)

39.003 NS

Moths 2014 pp092-111.indd 110

39.004 NS

40.011  Mompha langiella 5.5mm Very local. Aug–Apr. Hibernates. Shaded woodland rides. Palps half black, half white. FP Mines leaves of Enchanter’s Nightshade, Great Willowherb, sometimes other willowherbs. (880)

39.004 OW

15/10/2014 16:02

           ?

39.005 DJS

39.006 HMB           /

40.001 IK

40.002 CMM

40.003 CMM

40.004 CMM

40.004 CMM

40.005 OW

40.006 PGC

40.007 DGG

40.005 CMM

40.008 PGC

40.008 CMM

40.009 NS

40.010 PGC

40.011 PGC

40.011 PGC

Moths 2014 pp092-111.indd 111

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112 

MOMPHIDAE, BLASTOBASIDAE, STATHMOPODIDAE and SCYTHRIDIDAE

40.012  Mompha miscella 4mm Local. Apr–Oct. Chalk and limestone grassland and acid soils in Scotland. FP Mines leaves of rock-roses. (884)

40.014  Mompha terminella 4.5mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Can be swept by day, comes to light. Shaded open woods. FP Mines leaves of Enchanter’s Nightshade. (881)

40.013  Mompha locupletella 5mm Common. May–Sep. Common at light. Damp habitats anywhere. FP Mines leaves of chickweeds and Marsh, Broad-leaved or Spear-leaved willowherbs. (882)

40.015  Mompha raschkiella 5mm Common. May–Oct. Throughout, in heathland, Brecks, road verges, wasteground. Comes to light. FP Rosebay Willowherb. (883)

41 BLASTOBASIDAE There are six species, all originally adventives, possibly originating from Madeira. Adults usually have wings wrapped around the body. 41.001  Blastobasis phycidella 8mm Migrant. Jun. Resident in Channel Islands. FP Plant debris. (875)

41.003  Blastobasis lacticolella 9mm Common. May–Oct. First recorded in Britain in Kent in 1946, now naturalised throughout. From Madeira. FP Fresh or dead plants, fruit, dead insects, bird droppings. (874)

41.002  Blastobasis adustella 8mm Common. Jun–Oct. Common throughout in woods, heaths, gardens, scrub, etc. FP Any vegetable matter. (873)

41.005  Blastobasis rebeli 6mm Naturalised. Jul. Discovered in Hampshire in 1998, recorded in Swansea in 2010. Originally from Madeira. FP Unknown. (875a)

42 STATHMOPODIDAE There are two species, plus two that have been reared from imported pomegranates. Rests on front two pairs of legs with hindlegs raised and at right angles to the body. 42.001  Pachyrhabda steropodes 6mm Naturalised. Apr–May. First noted at Aberglasney Gardens in Carmarthenshire in 2005, recorded again in 2014. Also established in subtropical gardens at Abbotsbury in Dorset. Possibly imported on ferns from Australia/New Zealand. FP Feeds on sporangia from silk tube underneath leaves of various ferns such as Deer Fern. (876a)

42.002  Stathmopoda pedella 7mm Local. Jul. Alder carr, fens, marshes, parks and damp woods. FP Common Alder, feeding in cones and producing orange frass. (877)

43 SCYTHRIDIDAE There are nine species currently resident, usually in warm, dry, open habitats. Larvae usually in a silken tube at ground level. Adults active in sun but usually run or hop rather than fly. 43.001  Scythris fallacella 7mm Rare. May–Jun. Limestone areas of NW England. FP Leaves of rock-roses, in a web. (913)

40.012 PGC

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 112

43.002  Scythris grandipennis 9mm Local. Jun–Jul. Flies in sun and to light. Dry heaths, scrub, wasteground. FP Gorse, especially Dwarf Gorse, gregarious in a web. (911)

40.013 CMM

15/10/2014 16:54

40.014 OW

40.014 PGC

40.015 CMM

41.001 RH

40.015 PGC

40.015 DGG

41.002 CMM

41.002 CMM

41.003 CMM

42.001 CMM

41.005 DJS

41.003 PGC

42.001 Larval tube PHS

42.002 Frass on Alder PS

42.002 OW

43.001 RJH

43.002 PGC

43.002 Larval spinning MSP

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 113

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114 

SCYTHRIDIDAE, ALUCITIDAE and PTEROPHORIDAE

43.004  Scythris picaepennis 5mm Local. Jul. Scattered distribution on dry, sandy or calcareous grassland. Attracted to yellow flowers. FP Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil or Wild Thyme, in a large web. (915)

43.008  Scythris inspersella 7mm Rare. Jul–Aug. First discovered in Norfolk in 1980, also in Yorkshire. Flies in sun around foodplant. FP Rosebay Willowherb. (920a)

43.005  Scythris crassiuscula 5mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Flies in sun. Calcareous grassland. FP Leaves of rock-roses, in a web. (914)

43.009  Scythris empetrella 4.5mm Rare. May–Jun. Very local on sandy heaths and dunes. Scythe-shaped wings aid tiny adult to hop through heather rather than fly. FP Heathers, feeding from a protective tube of sand grains. (917)

43.007  Scythris limbella 6mm Rare. Jun–Sep. Comes to light. Dry, open pastures and wasteground. FP Among spun flowers of Goosefoots and oraches. (918)



43.010  Least Owlet Scythris siccella 5mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul. On sandy parts of Chesil Beach in Dorset only. FP Low plants, feeding from a protective tube of sand grains. (916)

44 ALUCITIDAE There is just one, unmistakable, member of this family in Britain, also known as the Many-plumed Moth. There is a small global total of only about 130 species that inhabit temperate and sub-tropical regions. The individual ‘fingers’ or plumes have bristles so they hook together like a bird’s feathers. The wings may be spread at rest, showing the ‘fingers’, or closed.

44.001  Twenty-plume Moth Alucita hexadactyla 16mm Common. Year-round. Throughout Britain. Each wing is split into 6 plumes (fingers), hence the scientific name. FP Buds, flowers or leaves of Honeysuckle. (1288)

45 PTEROPHORIDAE Plumes There are 45 members (including two extinct) of this unusual-looking family. Wings are held out from the body, usually forming a characteristic ‘T’ shape. The wings are generally split into fingers, or plumes. Most come to light and many can be seen by day.

45.001  Saltmarsh Plume Agdistis bennetii 14mm Local. Jun–Sep. Coastal saltmarshes of SE England. Can be abundant at dusk. All 3 Agdistis spp., though plumes, do not have wings split into ‘fingers’. FP Common Sea-lavender. (1488)



45.004  Triangle Plume Platyptilia gonodactyla 13mm Common. May–Sep. Widespread in rough, open grassy habitats. Has distinctive dark triangular costal mark just before cleft. FP Stems and flowers of Colt’s-foot, Butterbur. (1501)



45.002  Cliff Plume Agdistis meridionalis 12mm Rare. Jun–Oct. Coastal cliffs of SW Britain. Similar to Saltmarsh Plume but smaller and not on marshes. Rests with wings rolled, pointing forward. FP Rock Sea-lavender. (1487)



45.005  Goldenrod Plume Platyptilia calodactyla 11mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Mainly on coastal grasslands, also grassy areas in open woodland. FP Base of stem of Goldenrod. (1500)



45.003  Tamarisk Plume Agdistis tamaricis 12mm Rare. Sep. Discovered on Jersey, 2006. FP Tamarisk. (1488a)

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 114

15/10/2014 16:54

43.004 JEG

43.005 OW

43.007 RH

43.009 Feeding tube CMM

43.009 CMM

43.009 RJH

43.008 JBH

44.001 CMM

45.001 CMM

43.010 MSP

45.002 BS

45.003 KT

45.004 PGC

45.005 RJH

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 115

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116 

PTEROPHORIDAE



45.006  Hoary Plume Platyptilia isodactylus 13mm Local. May–Sep. Fens, marshes, damp woods, water meadows. FP Stem, flowers or leaves of Marsh Ragwort. (1502)



45.017  Small Scabious Plume Stenoptilia annadactyla 10mm Scarce. Jun–Sep. Brecklands only, on verges, footpaths and field edges. Needs gen det for identification. FP Flowers of Small Scabious. (1508c)



45.008  Yarrow Plume Gillmeria pallidactyla 12mm Common. Jun–Aug. Similar to Tansy Plume but hind leg not banded, labial palps protrude slightly beyond facial tuft. Dry, rough sandy ground. FP Shoots of Yarrow, Sneezewort, sometimes Tansy. (1504)



45.019  Saxifrage Plume Stenoptilia millieridactyla 10mm Local. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Limestone pavements and garden rockeries. FP Leaves of Mossy Saxifrage, including garden varieties. (1506)



45.020  Gentian Plume Stenoptilia pneumonanthes 10mm Extinct. Jun–Sep. Formerly on damp heaths of SE Dorset, last seen in 1961. FP Inside seedheads of Marsh Gentian. (1505)



45.021  Dowdy Plume Stenoptilia zophodactylus 10mm Common. May–Nov. Legs are white. Dry sandy areas, cliffs, dunes, wet heaths. FP Flowers and seeds of Autumn or Marsh gentian, Common Centaury, Yellow Wort. (1507)



45.022  Rose Plume Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla 12mm Rare. Jun–Aug. Unmistakable. Flies in sun and to light. Small colonies sometimes on a single bush. Downland scrub, wood edges, hedges. FP Leaves and flowers of Dog Rose. (1496)



45.023  Crescent Plume Marasmarcha lunaedactyla 10mm Common. Jun–Aug. Pale crescent at cleft in forewing is distinctive. Flies in sun and to light. Downs, dunes, sea cliffs. FP Restharrows. (1495)



45.025  Small Plume Oxyptilus parvidactyla 7mm Local. May–Aug. Flies in sun, occasionally to light. Chalk or limestone grassland, heaths and coasts. FP Mouse-ear Hawkweed. (1490)



45.026  Breckland Plume Crombrugghia distans 10mm Very local. May–Aug. Sandy heaths, dunes, downs, coastal vegetated shingle, Brecks. FP Mouse-ear Hawkweed or Smooth Hawk’s-beard. (1491)

45.009  Tansy Plume Gillmeria ochrodactyla 13mm Local. Jun–Aug. Hind leg slightly banded and labial palps do not protrude beyond facial tuft. Found among stands of Tansy by torchlight at dusk. On rough ground, verges, dunes. FP Inside stems of Tansy, causing it to wilt. (1503) 45.010  Beautiful Plume Amblyptilia acanthadactyla 10mm Common. Jul, Sep–Jun. Throughout in various habitats, including gardens, hedges, coasts. Often comes indoors to hibernate. Similar to Brindled Plume but brown rather than grey. FP Flowers and seeds of various herbaceous plants, including heathers, restharrows, crane’s-bills, goosefoots, mints. (1497) 45.011  Brindled Plume Amblyptilia punctidactyla 10mm Local. Jul, Sep–Jun. Similar distribution, habitat and appearance to Beautiful Plume but grey. Both have 2 dark tufts protruding from trailing edge. FP Flowers and seeds of various herbaceous plants, including woundworts, Columbine, primroses, stork’s-bills. (1498)

45.012  Brown Plume Stenoptilia pterodactyla 11mm Common. May–Aug. Red-brown, tiny dark spots at base of cleft. Flies in sun and to light. Wood margins, verges, hedges. FP Stems and flowers of Germander Speedwell. (1509)



45.013  Twin-spot Plume Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla 10mm Common. May–Oct. Widespread in grassland, open woods, verges. Can be similar to other Stenoptilia, needs dissection to be certain. FP Flowers and leaves of scabious. (1508)



45.014  Gregson’s Plume Stenoptilia scabiodactylus 10mm Scarce. May–Jun, Jul– Aug. N Wales, Midlands and N England only. Needs gen det for identification. FP Flowers of Small Scabious. (1508e)

45.006 JSB

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 116

45.027  Scarce Light Plume Crombrugghia laetus 10mm Migrant. Jun. Rare. Similar to Breckland Plume. Small black mark at apex, but needs gen det for identification. FP Andryala spp. (1492)

45.008 JSB

45.009 PGC

15/10/2014 16:54

45.010 PGC

45.011 JSB

45.012 CMM

45.013 HMB

45.014 TT

45.017 JBH

45.019 IK

45.020 JP

45.021 CMM

45.022 CMM

45.023 CMM

45.021 CMM

45.025 PGC

45.026 NS

45.027 JEG

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 117

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118 

PTEROPHORIDAE



45.028  Wood Sage Plume Capperia britanniodactylus 10mm Local. May–Aug. Widespread in warm, dry, stony south-facing habitats, dry heaths, dunes. FP Wood Sage. Larvae chew stem, causing plant to wilt, then feed on wilted leaves. (1494)





45.029  Sundew Plume Buckleria paludum 6mm Rare. Jun–Aug. Flies on warm afternoons and to light. Boggy southern heaths. FP Round-leaved Sundew. (1493)



45.030  White Plume Moth Pterophorus pentadactyla 16mm Common. Jun–Jul, Sep. Large, common and unmistakable. Frequent in gardens and rough ground, easily disturbed by day. FP Leaves and flowers of bindweeds. (1513)

45.037  Dusky Plume Oidaematophorus lithodactyla 14mm Local. Jun–Aug. Tibia of middle leg is thickened with scales. Dry grassland, chalk downs, hedges, verges, open woods. FP Leaves of Common Fleabane and Ploughman’s-spikenard, making lots of holes. (1523)







45.031  Spotted White Plume Porrittia galactodactyla 12mm Local. Jun–Jul. Woods and dry grassland, particularly on Brecks of East Anglia. FP Gregarious larvae on leaves of burdocks cause distinctive damage. (1514) 45.032  Western Thyme Plume Merrifieldia tridactyla 10mm Rare. Similar to Thyme Plume but specimens from the Burren, like the one shown, are generally yellowish and Cornish ones are darker. Needs gen det for identification. FP Wild Thyme. (1511) 45.033  Thyme Plume Merrifieldia leucodactyla 10mm Local. Jun–Aug. Widespread in Britain, especially the south, on chalk cliffs, limestone downs, etc. Flies by day and to light. FP Wild Thyme. (1510)

45.034  Dingy White Plume Merrifieldia baliodactylus 10mm Local. May–Aug. Dry chalk and limestone downs, coastal cliffs, quarries. Has a small but distinct dark mark on the costa just beyond the start of the cleft. FP Larva eats stem of Wild Marjoram, causing leaves to wilt, then feeds on these. (1512)

45.035  Horehound Plume Wheeleria spilodactylus 11mm Rare. Jul–Sep. On Isle of Wight and southern chalk downs, Brecks of East Anglia, limestone cliffs. FP Leaves of White Horehound. (1515)

45.028 CMM

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 118

45.030 CMM

45.036  Short-winged Plume Pselnophorus heterodactyla 10mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Scattered in Cotswolds, Cumbria, Scotland. Partially shaded wooded areas. FP Wall Lettuce, Marsh Hawk’s-beard and Nipplewort, on wilted leaves. (1516)



45.038  Plain Plume Hellinsia tephradactyla 10mm Local. Jun–Jul. Rocky north-facing coasts or shady woodland. FP Leaves of shaded Goldenrod, making holes. (1522)



45.039  Citron Plume Hellinsia carphodactyla 10mm Very local. May–Sep. Tinged with yellow. Chalk and limestone coasts, open woods and heaths. FP Flower heads of Ploughman’sspikenard. (1519)



45.040  Mugwort Plume Hellinsia lienigianus 9mm Very local. Jun–Sep. Woodland, dry grassland, wasteground. FP Mugwort, in a spun leaf. (1518)



45.041  Small Goldenrod Plume Hellinsia osteodactylus 9mm Local. Jun–Aug. Plain, yellowish. Open woods, coastal grass and cliffs. Similar to Scarce Goldenrod Plume. May need gen det for identification. FP Flowers of Goldenrod or ragworts. (1520)



45.042  Scarce Goldenrod Plume Hellinsia chrysocomae 9mm Rare. Jun–Aug. In clearings and along rides in old woods in Kent. Stronger yellow than Small Goldenrod Plume but may need gen det for identification. FP Flowers of Goldenrod only. (1521)



45.043  Hemp Agrimony Plume Adaina microdactyla 8mm Common. May–Sep. The smallest plume. Downland, marshes, riverbanks. FP Inside stems of Hemp Agrimony, forming a gall. (1517)

45.032 KT

15/10/2014 16:54

45.031 SP

45.031 DGG

45.029 MSP

45.033 CMM

45.034 PGC

45.035 CMM

45.036 OW

45.037 PGC

45.038 RJH

45.039 CMM

45.040 TT

45.041 TT

45.042 DGG

45.043 PGC

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120 

PTEROPHORIDAE, SCHRECKENSTEINIIDAE, EPERMENIIDAE and CHOREUTIDAE

45.044  Common Plume Emmelina monodactyla 13mm Common. Year-round. Throughout, in fields, hedges, gardens, parks. Dark spot at 1⁄3 and base of cleft, streak on costa at 4⁄5. Pairs of spurs on hind legs are of unequal lengths. FP Bindweed leaves and flowers. (1524)

45.045  Reedbed Plume Emmelina argoteles 11mm Very local. Jun–Oct. Distribution uncertain. First discovered Jun 2005 in Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire. Genitalia examination required to separate this from Common Plume but generally smaller and paler. FP Hedge Bindweed growing over Common Reed in open fens. (1524a)

46 SCHRECKENSTEINIIDAE There is a single, distinctive, British species in this family, members of which are known as bristle-legged moths owing to the long spines on the hindlegs. It is widespread and common throughout Europe, and has been introduced to Hawaii from California as a biological control for invasive blackberry. 46.001  Schreckensteinia festaliella 5mm Common. Mar–Sep. Continuously brooded. Flies in afternoon and to light in open woodland. FP Bramble, Raspberry, Hazel, skeletonising the leaves. (485)

47 EPERMENIIDAE The eight species in this family rest slightly inclined with wings steeply roof-like, sometimes with scale tufts and sometimes with a hooked apex. 47.001  Phaulernis fulviguttella 5mm Common. Jul–Aug. Rests on flowers of foodplant, comes to light. Damp grassland, by moorland streams, woodland tracks, marshes. FP Among seeds of Hogweed or Wild Angelica, in a spinning. (478)

47.005  Epermenia chaerophyllella 6mm Common. Year-round. Throughout UK. Several generations; can overwinter. Many varied habitats. FP Hogweed, Parsnip, Cow parsley, angelica, Wild Carrot. (483)

47.002  Phaulernis dentella 5mm Local. Jun. Seen in sun on umbellifer flowers. Dry grassland, wasteground, hedgerows. FP Seeds of Rough Chervil, Burnet-saxifrage and Ground-elder, in a spinning. (477)

47.006  Epermenia falciformis 8mm Common. May–Sep. Double-brooded. Damp woods and marshes, mainly southern but also Islay in Scotland. Comes to light. FP Wild Angelica. (481)

47.004  Epermenia aequidentellus 5.5mm Local. Jun–Oct. Often near coasts, on limestone or chalk downland. Recently recorded in Ireland, Scotland and Wales. FP Wild Carrot, Burnetsaxifrage. (484)

48 CHOREUTIDAE There are seven members of this family. Adults rest standing well clear of the substrate, usually with wings flat and slightly spread. They fly in sunshine. Larvae feed on leaves within a web.

48.001 Nettle-tap Anthophila fabriciana 7mm Common. May–Oct. Abundant throughout Britain. Flies by day. FP Common Nettle. (385)

48.002  Prochoreutis myllerana 7mm Local. May–Sep. Very similar to P. sehestediana, and in same habitat and on same foodplant. FP Skullcap, lesser skullcap. (388)

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 120

48.003  Prochoreutis sehestediana 7mm Very local. May–Sep. In fens, marshes, damp woods and heaths. Very similar to P. myllerana. FP Skullcap, Lesser Skullcap. (387) 48.005  Tebenna micalis 7mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Scarce migrant, and occasional resident in S England. FP Common Fleabane. (386)

15/10/2014 16:55

45.044 CMM

45.044 CMM

45.045 JBH

46.001 CMM

47.001 CMM

47.002 OW

47.004 TM

47.004 RH

47.005 PGC

47.006 CMM

48.001 CMM

48.002 CMM

48.003 OW

48.005 PHS

48.005 RJH

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122 

CHOREUTIDAE and TORTRICIDAE

48.006  Choreutis diana 8mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Known only from Glen Affric, Inverness. FP Larva feeds on birches under a web, pulling the sides of the leaf together. (390)



48.007  Apple Leaf Skeletoniser Choreutis pariana 7mm Local. Jun–Jul, Aug–Mar. Widespread, locally common, can overwinter. Larvae strip leaves, leaving ribs like a skeleton. FP Crab-apple and other rosaceous trees. (389)

49 TORTRICIDAE A very variable family of 382 species, including seven extinct, plus 13 adventives. Sizes range from 3.5 to 15 mm forewing length, most having fairly broad forewings. Many are distinctive but there is a large group that mimics bird droppings, which need careful study. 49.001  Olindia schumacherana 8mm Local. May–Jul. Distinctive but markings can vary. Flies in afternoon sun and to light. Damp meadows, downs, marshes. FP Herbaceous plants, especially Lesser Celandine in a folded leaf. (1013) 49.002  Isotrias rectifasciana 7mm Common. May–Jul. Similar to Cnephasia spp. Open woods, hedges, gardens, scrub. FP Possibly hawthorns. (1014) 49.003  Sparganothis pilleriana 9mm Very local. Jul–Aug. Long labial palps. Male markings rather obscure, female plain. Pale forms on heathland, darker on saltmarsh. Fens, saltmarshes, wet heaths, bogs. FP In spun leaves of various plants, e.g. Bog Asphodel, Common Sea-lavender, plantains. (1012)

49.004  Red-barred Tortrix Ditula angustiorana 7–8mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout in woodland, scrub, hedges, gardens. Sexually dimorphic. FP In spun leaves of many trees and shrubs. (1010)

49.005  Epagoge grotiana 8mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread in woodland, hedgerows. FP Leaves of oaks, hawthorns, Bramble, in a spinning. (1006)

49.007  Periclepsis cinctana 8mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Formerly on chalk grassland in Kent. Machair on Tiree in Inner Hebrides. Flies by day. FP Unknown in Britain, but Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Kidney Vetch, etc., in Europe. (1005) 49.008  Philedone gerningana 8mm Local. Jul–Sep. Males fly in morning sun, females at dusk. Male has bipectinate antennae. Upland bogs, acid heaths and limestone outcrops. FP In spun leaves or flowers of Bilberry, rock-roses, Thrift, etc. (1008) 49.009  Capua vulgana 7mm Common. May–Jul. Male has a costal fold. Old woods, heathland, scrub, etc. FP Various trees, shrubs and Bilberry. (1007) 49.010  Philedonides lunana 6–7mm Local. Mar–May. Sexually dimorphic. The male, which flies in daylight, has bipectinate antennae. Moors, heaths, bogs and acid grassland. FP In spun leaves of herbaceous plants such as Bilberry, heathers, Bog-myrtle. (1009) 49.011  Archips oporana 9–12mm Rare. Jun–Jul. In pinewoods in S and SE England. Population is increasing. Sexually dimorphic. FP Feeds between spun needles of pines, esp. Scots Pine. (976)

48.006 RJH

48.007 TT

48.007 TT

49.001 NS

49.001 CMM

49.001 RH

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 122

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49.002 NS

49.002 PGC

49.003  SD

49.004  CMM

49.004  CMM

49.003  JBH

49.005 NS

49.007 CS

49.008  DGG

49.009 CMM

49.009 KT

49.008 DGG

49.010  GMT

49.010  KT

49.010  JEG

49.011  PHS

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 123

49.011  CMM

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124 

TORTRICIDAE

49.013  Large Fruit-tree Tortrix Archips podana 9–12mm Common. May–Jul. Low-lying areas in most of Britain. Pronounced sexual dimorphism, males smaller and darker but both bell-shaped. FP Foliage and flowers of various deciduous trees, e.g. Blackthorn, cherries, Apple. (977) 49.014  Archips crataegana 9–12mm Local. Jun–Aug. Widespread in woodland. Sexually dimorphic. Female larger with pointed forewing apex. FP Rolled leaves of various trees, e.g. oaks, elms, Ash, sallows. (979)

49.015  Variegated Golden Tortrix Archips xylosteana 8mm Common. May–Aug. Wooded areas, hedgerows, gardens. FP Rolled leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs. (980)



49.016  Rose Tortrix Archips rosana 8mm Local. Jun–Sep. Declining. Woods, hedges, scrub, gardens. FP Leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs. (981)

49.022  Ptycholoma lecheana 9–11mm Common. May–Aug. Flies in the afternoon and to light. Woods, parks, orchards, gardens. FP Inside rolled leaves of various trees and shrubs. (1000) 49.023  Pandemis cinnamomeana 10mm Common. Jul–Sep. In woodland, scrub, heaths, gardens. Male has a white forehead and gingery colour. FP Leaves of deciduous trees and Bilberry. (971)

49.024  Chequered Fruit-tree Tortrix Pandemis corylana 10mm Common. Jul–Sep. Throughout Britain in woodland. FP In rolled leaves of deciduous trees. (969)

49.025  Barred Fruit-tree Tortrix Pandemis cerasana 9mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout Britain in woodland. Similar to Chequered Fruit-tree Tortrix but softer brown and with less well defined markings. FP In rolled leaves of deciduous trees, Bilberry and loosestrifes. (970)

49.018  Choristoneura hebenstreitella 12mm Common. May–Jul. Similar to Lozotaenia forsterana but has a basal patch. Woods, moors, gardens. FP In a rolled leaf of deciduous trees or shrubs, e.g. Ivy, Bog-myrtle, Bilberry. (983)



49.020  Argyrotaenia ljungiana 7mm Common. Apr–May, Jun–Jul. Throughout Britain on heaths, moorland and woods. FP Deciduous trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, including Bog-myrtle, heathers, Wood Sage. (974)

49.027  Pandemis dumetana 9mm Very local. Jul–Aug. On chalk downs and in damp woods. FP Leaves of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. (973)

49.026  Dark Fruit-tree Tortrix Pandemis heparana 9mm Common. May–Sep. Throughout in woodland, hedges, gardens. FP In rolled leaves of deciduous trees, Honeysuckle, Bog-myrtle, Hop. (972)

49.021  Ptycholomoides aeriferana 9mm Common. Jun–Aug. Larch woods, gardens. FP Among spun needles of larches. (987)

49.013  CMM

49.013  GMT

49.015 SD

49.014  PGC

49.014  CMM

49.016  DJP

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 124

15/10/2014 16:55

49.018 KT

49.020  CMM

49.020  NS

49.021 CMM

49.022  PGC

49.022  PGC

49.023  CMM

49.023  CMM

49.023  BS

49.024 CMM

49.024 CMM

49.025 PGC

49.026 JSB

49.027 DAG

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 125

49.025 CMM

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126 

TORTRICIDAE

49.028  Syndemis musculana 7mm Common. Apr–Jul. Variable. Woods, scrub, gardens, hedges. FP In spun or folded leaves of many deciduous trees and shrubs. (986)

49.035  Clepsis senecionana 7mm Local. May–Jun. Moors, marshes, damp woods. FP Bilberry, Cowberry, Bog-myrtle; also larches, spruces, pines. (991)

49.029  Lozotaenia forsterana 12mm Common. Jun–Jul. The largest tortrix. Suburban parks, gardens, woods, hedges, moorland. FP Trees and shrubs, especially Ivy, and including Bilberry and larches. (1002)

49.036  Clepsis rurinana 8mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Scattered distribution in open woods, hedgerows. FP In a rolled leaf of various deciduous trees and shrubs. (992) 49.037  Cyclamen Tortrix Clepsis spectrana 10mm Common. May–Sep. Throughout in damp marsh, bogs, estuaries, woodland. Very variable. FP Spun leaves and flowers of many plants. (993)



49.030  Carnation Tortrix Cacoecimorpha pronubana 8–10mm Common. Year-round. Gardens, hedges, woods, coasts. Flies in sun, showing orange hind wings, and comes to light. FP Many shrubs and herbaceous plants. (985)





49.031  Timothy Tortrix Aphelia paleana 10mm Common. Jun–Aug. Inhabits damp, rough ground. Plain but with a yellowish look. FP Various grasses, herbaceous plants and trees. (989)

49.038  Clepsis consimilana 7–8mm Common. Jun–Sep. Can be double-brooded. Flies afternoon and to light. Hedges, scrub, gardens, wasteground. FP Dead leaves of many trees and shrubs, in a spinning. (994)

49.032  Aphelia unitana 10mm Rare. Jun–Aug. High moors, bogs, limestone dales. Similar to Timothy Tortrix but grey. FP Herbaceous plants, e.g. Hogweed, angelicas. (990)

49.033  Bilberry Tortrix Aphelia viburnana 9mm Common. Jul–Sep. Flies in sun and to light. Heaths, moors, bogs, saltmarshes. FP Many shrubs and herbaceous plants, including Bilberry, Bog-myrtle, Sea Aster, pines, sallows. (988)

49.0381  African Carnation Tortrix Epichoristodes acerbella 8mm Import. Any month. Several imported in flowers, particularly carnations. From Africa south of the Equator. FP Polyphagus, but principally in flowers of carnations and chrysanthemums. (997)

49.029 CMM 

49.029 CMM

49.030  IK

49.030 ? IK

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 126

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49.028 CMM

49.028 CMM

49.028 CMM

49.031 CMM

49.032 TT

49.033 PP

49.035 CMM

49.035 PP

49.033 NS

49.036 RH

49.037 PGC

49.037 CMM

49.038  SR

49.038 ? CMM

49.0381 SN

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 127

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128 

TORTRICIDAE

49.039  Light Brown Apple Moth Epiphyas postvittana 8–10mm Common. Year-round. Naturalised Australian moth first recorded in1936, now abundant in the south and spreading north. Extremely variable. Male with costal fold. FP Polyphagous, eating any greenery. (998) 49.040  Lozotaeniodes formosana 13mm Common. May–Aug. In pine woods in S Britain. First recorded around 1945 in Surrey. FP Scots Pine. (1001)

49.041  Summer Fruit Tortrix Adoxophyes orana 8mm Very local. May–Oct. First recorded in Kent in 1950. Orchards, parks and gardens. FP In spinning on leaves of fruit and other trees and shrubs. (999)

49.042  Neosphaleroptera nubilana 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. Inhabits gardens, hedges, scrub. FP Spun shoots of hawthorns, Blackthorn, apples. (1027)

49.044  Tortricodes alternella 10mm Common. Feb–Apr. Can be abundant very early in the year in woodland. FP Leaves spun together of oaks, Hornbeam, etc. (1025)

49.039 ? CMM

49.039 ? CMM

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 128

49.048  Eana penziana 11mm Local. May–Sep. Inland form, ssp. bellana, is scarce, flies Jun–Jul in hills and mountains. Coastal form, spp. colquhounana, is widespread on northern coasts. FP Ssp. bellana on Sheep’s-fescue; ssp. colquhounana on Sea Plantain, Thrift. (1031)

Cnephasia sp. 7–11mm This is a generic example. The grey Cnephasia cannot reliably be determined visually with any certainty as they are all variable. Distribution maps are unreliable owing to this. Gen det will be needed for certain identification. The following examples are of typical forms.

49.049  Light Grey Tortrix Cnephasia incertana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout in hedges, gardens, woods. FP Spun leaves of Ox-eye Daisy, plantains, docks, buttercups. (1024)

49.043  Exapate congelatella 9mm Local. Oct–Dec. Widespread, in hedgerows in the south, moorland in the north. Male has narrow wings, female is flightless. FP Spun leaves of various shrubs and herbaceous plants. (1026)

49.045  Eana osseana 9mm Common. Jun–Aug. Pale form occurs. Downs, heaths, rough grass and moors. FP Herbaceous plants. (1029)

49.047  Eana incanana 8mm Local. May–Aug. Dark bar at base of forewing is distinctive. Mostly in old woodland. FP Flowers of Bluebell and Ox-eye Daisy. (1030)

49.050  Grey Tortrix Cnephasia stephensiana 9mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout in most habitats. FP In spun leaves of daisies, buttercups, docks, plantains. (1020) 49.051  Flax Tortrix Cnephasia asseclana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout in gardens, farms, open woods, grasslands, etc. Looks mottled grey. FP Spun leaves of herbaceous plants, including Ox-eye Daisy, buttercups, etc. (1021)

49.039 ? CMM

49.039 ? CMM

49.039  CMM

16/10/2014 09:02

49.039  CMM

49.039  CMM

49.040 CMM

49.041 NS

49.042 NS

49.043 ? IK

49.044 CMM

49.044 NS

49.044 PGC

49.045 CMM

49.047 NS

49.048 bellana DGG

49.048 colquhounana KT

Cnephasia sp. CMM

49.049 NS

49.050 NS

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 129

49.051 KT

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130 

TORTRICIDAE

49.052  Cnephasia pasiuana 9mm Local. Jun–Jul. Rough pastures, fens, marshy areas. Plainlooking. In England from Midlands southwards. FP Spun petals of Ox-eye Daisy. (1022) 49.053  Cereal Tortrix Cnephasia pumicana 9mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Urban and rural situations, in SE England from Hampshire to Suffolk. Pale, very faint markings only. FP Unknown. (1022a) 49.054  Cnephasia genitalana 9mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Another fairly plain species of chalk downs and rough grassland in coastal counties of SE England. FP Spun petals of Ox-eye Daisy, buttercups and peas. (1023) 49.055  Cnephasia communana 9mm Local. May–Jul. Meadows, rough grassland and limestone downs in England and Wales. FP Herbaceous plants. (1018) 49.056  Cnephasia conspersana 8mm Local. Jun–Aug. Cliffs and chalk downs throughout, but very local in Scotland. Flies in sun and to light. Plain white form occurs. FP Petals of Ox-eye Daisy, Sea Campion. (1019) 49.057  Cnephasia longana 8mm Common. Jun–Aug. Coastal and chalk downland. Flies by day and to light. FP In flowers of Wild Carrot, Thrift, Sea Aster chamomiles, in a spinning. (1016) 49.058  Spatalistis bifasciana 6mm Very local. May–Jul. In S Britain in scrub and wood margins. FP In withered leaves on many trees, especially oaks. (1034)

49.059  Green Oak Tortrix Tortrix viridana 10mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout Britain in woodland. Can be abundant. FP Mainly oaks, but also other trees and shrubs. (1033)

49.052 RH

49.055 CMM

Moths 2014 pp112-131.indd 130

49.053 JBH

49.060  Aleimma loeflingiana 8mm Common. Jun–Aug. Variable. Throughout Britain in woodland. FP In a rolled leaf of oaks, Hornbeam, maples. (1032) 49.061  Acleris holmiana 6mm Common. Jun–Sep. Widespread in open woods and scrub. White markings distinctive even when worn. FP Trees and shrubs, including Apple, hawthorns, Blackthorn, roses, fruit trees. (1037) 49.062  Acleris forsskaleana 7mm Common. Jun–Sep. Throughout, in woods, scrub, hedges and gardens. Striking and unmistakable. FP Field Maple, Sycamore. (1036) 49.063  Acleris bergmanniana 6mm Local. Jun–Aug. Open woods, scrub, gardens, hedges. Can be common around Burnet Rose at dusk, and comes to light. FP Spun leaves of roses. (1035) 49.064  Acleris caledoniana 7mm Local. Jul–Sep. Can be common in Scotland. On high moors, heaths, mountain bogs. FP Bilberry, Cowberry, Bog-myrtle, etc. (1040)

49.065  Strawberry Tortrix Acleris comariana 8mm Common. Jun–Jul, Aug–Nov. Variable. Wet heaths, gardens and Cultivated Strawberry beds. Similar to A. laterana, may need gen det for identification. FP Mainly strawberries, also Marsh Cinquefoil, Water Avens. (1039)

49.066  Acleris laterana 8mm Common. Jul–Oct. Variable. Woods, scrub, hedgerows, gardens. Similar to Strawberry Tortrix but costal blotch does not extend as far toward apex. May need gen det for certain identification. FP In spun leaves of various shrubs and bushes. (1038)

49.054 JBH

49.056 SD

15/10/2014 16:56

49.057 SR

49.058 OW

49.059 NS

49.060 CMM

49.060 NS

49.061 CMM

49.062 NS

49.062 CMM

49.063 KT

49.064 GMT

49.065 CMM

49.065 CMM

49.066 NS

49.066 CMM

49.066 CMM

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132 

TORTRICIDAE

49.067  Acleris abietana 9mm Rare. Aug–May. Hibernates. Comes to light. Coniferous woodland. FP Noble Fir. (1059)

49.072  Acleris effractana 9mm Separated from A. emargana in 2004 by genitalia examination. Markings of A. effractana generally similar to example shown, but dissection required for certainty. Distribution and flight period unclear due to confusion with above. FP Purple or Grey willow. (1062a)

49.068  Acleris maccana 9mm Local. Aug–May. Hibernates. Whitish areas on form shown often replaced with reddish brown. Comes to light. Moors and high open woods. FP Bilberry, Cowberry, Bog-myrtle. (1060)

49.073  Acleris schalleriana 8mm Local. Jul–Aug, Oct–May. Hibernates. Costal blotch, if present, extends almost to apex. Comes to light. Open woods, scrub, gardens. FP Wayfaring-tree, Guelder-rose, viburnums. (1047)

49.069  Acleris sparsana 10mm Common. Aug–Jan. In woodland throughout. Broad and grey. FP Beech, Sycamore, Field Maple. (1041)

49.070  Rhomboid Tortrix Acleris rhombana 8mm Common. Aug–Nov. Variable. Throughout Britain in woodland, hedgerows, gardens. Hooked wing tips and netted pattern aid identification. FP Polyphagous on trees and shrubs, including hawthorns, Blackthorn and fruit trees. (1042) 49.071  Acleris emargana 9mm Common. Jul–Sep. In woods, hedgerows, marshland throughout. Indented margins and pointed tips to wings are distinctive, but markings vary. See also A. effractana. FP Goat Willow or birches. (1062)

49.067 TT

49.070 NS

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 132

49.074  Acleris lorquiniana 9mm Rare. Jun–Jul, Sep–Oct. In fens and marshes, especially in East Anglia. FP In shoots, then flowers, of Purple Loosestrife. (1058) 49.075  Acleris umbrana 8mm Scarce. Jul–Aug, Sep–Apr. Hibernates. Comes to light and blossom at night in scrub and woodland. FP Blackthorn. (1052) 49.076  Acleris cristana 9mm Local. Aug–Apr. Mainly in mature Blackthorn thickets in S England. Very variable and similar to A. hastiana. Often with distinctive raised scale tufts (button) in centre of concave-edged forewing. Over 120 named forms. FP Blackthorn, occasionally hawthorns. (1054)

49.068 DAG

49.070 CMM

49.070 PGC

16/10/2014 10:14

49.069 CMM

49.071 CMM

49.071 PGC

49.072 DGG

49.074 JBH

49.071 CMM

49.073 CMM

49.073 CMM

49.073 JP

49.075 SD

49.075 SD

49.076 PGC

49.076 PGC

49.076 NS

49.076 NS

49.076 CMM

49.076 CMM

49.076 CMM

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 133

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134 

TORTRICIDAE 49.077  Garden Rose Tortrix Acleris variegana 7mm Common. Jun–Nov. Very variable. Throughout in gardens, hedges, woods, etc. FP Roses, Bramble, hawthorns, Blackthorn, etc. (1048)

49.082  Acleris hyemana 8mm Common. Sep–Apr. Hibernates. Throughout on heaths and moorland. FP Spun shoots of heathers, heaths, Bilberry. (1055)

49.078  Acleris aspersana 6–7mm Common. Jul–Aug. Flies in afternoon and to light. Open grassland, downs, heaths. FP In rolled leaves of various herbaceous plants. (1043)

49.083  Acleris ferrugana 7mm Common. Jul, Sep–Apr. Hibernates. In woods throughout. Very variable. Often has dark scale tuft ¼ way along wing. FP Rolled leaves of oaks, Goat Willow. (1044)

49.079  Acleris shepherdana 8mm Very local. Jul–Sep. Forewing apex distinctly pointed. Fens, marshes and water meadows. FP Meadowsweet. (1046)

49.084  Acleris notana 7mm Common. Jun–Aug, Sep–Apr. Hibernates. In woods and scrub throughout. Very variable, can look similar to A. ferrugana. FP Folded leaves of birches, Common Alder, Bog-myrtle. (1045)

49.080  Acleris hastiana 8mm Common. Jun–Jul, Aug–Apr. Hibernates. Throughout in damp scrub, heaths, woods. Strongly curved forewing costa gives appearance of ‘shoulders’. Very variable, similar to A. cristana but forewing less concave and without scale tufts. FP Spun leaves of small-leaved willows. (1053)

49.085  Acleris kochiella 8mm Local. Jun–Aug, Sep–Apr. Hibernates. Summer brood is white, autumn is grey. Forewing costa slightly concave. Woods and hedges. FP In spun leaves of elms. (1050)



49.081  Acleris permutana 8mm Rare. Aug–Sep. Downs, sand dunes, vegetated shingle. FP In spun leaves of Burnet Rose. (1049)

49.077 CMM

49.077 PGC

49.086  Acleris logiana 9mm Very local. Jun–Jul, Sep–Apr. Formerly in Scotland only, now in S England, where it is double-brooded. Birch woodland and heaths. FP Birches. (1051)

49.077 RJH

49.077 SD

49.078 /CMM

49.078  CMM

49.078  PGC

49.079 / JBH

49.079 / JBH

49.079  OW

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 134

16/10/2014 10:14

49.080 CMM

49.080 KT

49.080 OW

49.080 JP

49.080 JP

49.081 KT

49.082 CMM

49.082 CMM

49.083 CMM

49.083 JBH

49.086 CMM

49.084 PGC

49.084 CMM

49.084 CMM

49.085 CMM

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 135

49.085 OW

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136 

TORTRICIDAE

49.087  Acleris literana 9mm Common. Jul–May. Hibernates over winter. Mainly southern in oak woods, local in the north. Variable but always a combination of green and black markings. FP In spun leaves of oaks. (1061)

49.097  Cochylimorpha straminea 7mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Widespread throughout in grasslands. FP Stems of Common Knapweed. (936)

49.088  Acleris lipsiana 10mm Rare. Aug–May. Hibernates. Broad-winged, sometimes with 2 small yellow tufts in centre of wing. Bogs, moorland, mountains. FP Spun leaves of Bilberry, Bog-myrtle, Cowberry. (1056)

49.101  Phalonidia manniana 6mm Local. May–Jul. Flies in evenings and to light. Ponds, ditches, riverbanks. FP Stems of Water Mint, Gipsywort. (926)

49.089  Acleris rufana 9mm Very local. Aug–Apr. Hibernates. Variable, can be plain red-brown or more yellow than grey shown. Wet heaths, moors, bogs, damp woods. FP Bog-myrtle. (1057)

49.102  Phalonidia udana 6mm Local. Jun–Jul Distribution uncertain. Separated from P. manniana in 2012. Needs gen det for identification. FP Loosestrife. (926a) 49.103  Phalonidia affinitana 6mm Local. Jun–Aug. Saltmarshes. FP Sea Aster flowers and seeds. (932)

49.090  Eulia ministrana 9mm Common. Apr–Jul. Very striking. Woodland, scrub, hedges. FP In spun leaves of trees, shrubs and low herbaceous plants, including Hazel, Ash, birches, Bilberry. (1015) 49.091  Pseudargyrotoza conwagana 6mm Common. May–Aug. Small but colourful, with central yellow blotch. Flies in sun and to light. Woodland, hedgerows. FP Seeds of Ash, berries of Wild Privet. (1011) 49.092  Phtheochroa inopiana 9mm Local. May–Aug. Damp meadows and woodland edges. FP Roots of Common Fleabane, Field Wormwood. (921)

49.105  Gynnidomorpha vectisana 5.5mm Local. May–Sep. Flies at dusk and to light. Mainly coastal on saltmarshes, also boggy heaths. FP Flowers, shoots and roots of Sea or Marsh arrowgrass. (929) 49.107  Gynnidomorpha permixtana 5.5mm Scarce. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Flies around foodplant. Sparse grassland, dunes and shingle. The similar G. minimana inhabits bogs and wet heaths. FP Flowers and seeds of Red Bartsia. (928)

49.094  Phtheochroa sodaliana 8mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Scrub and hedges on chalk. FP Spins berries of Buckthorn together. (923)

49.108  Gynnidomorpha alismana 6mm Local. May–Aug. Ponds, ditches, riverbanks. Flies evenings and to light. FP Flower stems of Water Plantain. (930)

49.095  Phtheochroa rugosana 10mm Local. Apr–Aug. Woodland, scrub, hedges. FP White Bryony. (925)

49.109  Agapeta hamana 10mm Common. Apr–Sep. Throughout on rough ground. Can be disturbed by day, comes to light. FP Roots of thistles. (937)

49.096  Hysterophora maculosana 6mm Local. May–Jun. Flies by day in old woodland. Comes to light. FP Seeds of Bluebell. (924)

49.087 PGC

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 136

49.087 CMM

49.087 SD

49.088 RPJ

16/10/2014 10:14

49.089 KT

49.090 CMM

49.091 CMM

49.092 SR

49.094 NS

49.095 CMM

49.097 CMM

49.096 PGC

49.095 CMM

49.097 PGC

49.101 NS

49.102 JBH

49.103 NS

49.105 JBH

49.107 RJH

49.108 OW

49.108 PGC

49.109 CMM

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 137

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138 

TORTRICIDAE

49.110  Agapeta zoegana 10mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout Britain in grassland, especially calcareous. Occasionally occurs as a brown form. FP Roots of Common Knapweed and scabious. (938)

49.120  Aethes smeathmanniana 8mm Local. May–Aug. Throughout Britain on rough ground. FP Seedheads of Yarrow, knapweeds, etc. (947)

49.111  Eupoecilia angustana 6mm Common. Jun–Sep. Throughout in meadows, woodland edges and heathland. FP Various plants, including plantains, Yarrow, heathers. (954)

49.121  Aethes tesserana 6mm Common. May–Aug. Variable. Flies in sun and to light. Sand dunes, shingle beaches, limestone grassland. FP Roots of oxtongues, hawkweeds, hawk’s-beards, Ploughman’s-spikenard. (939)

49.112  Vine Moth Eupoecilia ambiguella 7mm Very local. May–Sep. On damp heaths and woods. Can be a pest on grape vines in Europe. FP Berries of Alder Buckthorn. (955)

49.123  Aethes beatricella 8mm Local. Jun–Aug. Open woods, rough ground, coasts. FP Seeds and stem of Hemlock, Alexanders. (951)

49.113  Commophila aeneana 8mm Very local. May–Jul. Can be disturbed from foodplant on heavy clay soils. FP Roots of Common Ragwort. (952)

49.124  Aethes francillana 8mm Local. Jun–Sep. A mainly southern species of chalk downs and limestone coasts. FP Flowers, seeds and stems of Wild Carrot, Rock Samphire, Hog’s Fennel, Hemlock. (950)

49.114  Aethes hartmanniana 7mm Local. Jun–Aug. Similar to A. piercei but smaller and duller. Flies by day in limestone grassland. FP Possibly in roots of scabious. (941)

49.127  Aethes cnicana 7mm Common. Jun–Jul. Throughout Britain. Similar to A. rubigana but cross-band narrower. FP Thistle seedheads, pupating in stem. (945)

49.115  Aethes piercei 10mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Larger and brighter than A. hartmanniana. Flies by day in damp meadows and marshes. FP Roots of Devil’s-bit Scabious. (942)

49.128  Aethes rubigana 8mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread in dry open areas. Similar to A. cnicana but brighter, cross-band broader and more indented on outer margin. FP Seedheads of burdocks. (946)

49.116  Aethes williana 6mm Very local. May–Aug. Flies by day and to light. Dry, sandy or chalky rough downs and dunes. FP Stems and roots of Wild Carrot. (944)

49.129  Cochylidia rupicola 6mm Common. Jun–Jul. Scattered distribution in marshes, cliffs, verges, etc. FP Flowers or seeds of Hemp Agrimony. (959)

49.118  Aethes margaritana 7mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Chalk downs and shingle beaches. FP Flowers and seeds of Yarrow, Scented Mayweed or Tansy. (948)

49.132  Cochylidia implicitana 6mm Local. May–Aug. Open rough ground, verges, field edges. Has a slight pink tinge. FP Flowers, seeds or stems of Goldenrod, mayweeds or Stinking Chamomile. (956)



49.119  Aethes rutilana 5mm Rare. May. In mountains in Scotland only. Formerly in England but extinct. FP In web on low Common Juniper. (940)

49.110 CMM

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 138

49.110 CMM

49.111 CMM

49.111 CMM

16/10/2014 10:15

49.112 MC

49.113 OW

49.114 PGC

49.115 CMM

49.116 DJS

49.118 RH

49.119 RJH

49.120 NS

49.121 CMM

49.121 PGC

49.121 PGC

49.123 NS

49.124 CMM

49.127 NS

49.128 CMM

49.129 PGC

49.132 NS

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 139

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140 

TORTRICIDAE

49.133  Cochylis nana 6mm Common. May–Jul. Widespread throughout in mature birch woodland. FP In birch catkins. (968)

49.141  Falseuncaria degreyana 7mm Rare. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. In Breckland of East Anglia. FP Flowers or seeds of Common Toadflax, Ribwort Plantain. (961)

49.134  Cochylis roseana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Mainly in S Britain wherever foodplant is profuse. Flies in sun. FP Seedheads of Teasel. (962)

49.142  Falseuncaria ruficiliana 6mm Local. Apr–Jun, Jul–Aug. Chalk and limestone grassland, heaths, moors and bogs. FP Seeds of Cowslip, Lousewort, Goldenrod, Yellow Rattle. (960)

49.135  Cochylis flaviciliana 7mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Similar to C. roseana but striking cream and pink, and foodplant differs. Dry chalk grassland and verges. FP Field Scabious. (963)

49.143  Eudemis porphyrana 9mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Woods, hedges and orchards. FP Rolled leaf of Crab-apple. (1114)

49.136  Cochylis hybridella 7mm Local. Jul–Aug. White head and thorax. Chalk and limestone ground, brownfield sites, etc. FP Seedheads of oxtongues, hawk’s-beards. (965)

49.144  Eudemis profundana 9mm Common. Jul–Sep. Oak woods, where it can be found resting on trunks. FP In rolled leaves of oaks. (1113)

49.137  Cochylis dubitana 6mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Widespread in grassland, brownfield sites, wasteground. Has white head with dark thorax. FP Flowers and seedheads of Asteraceae, including ragworts, sow-thistles, Goldenrod, hawkweeds. (964)

49.145  Pseudosciaphila branderiana 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. Open woods, tracks, parks, gardens. FP In folded, rolled or spun leaves of Aspen. (1088)

49.138  Cochylis molliculana 7mm Local. May–Jun, Jul. Recent colonist. Coasts, gardens, wasteground. FP Seedheads of Bristly Oxtongue. (964a) 49.139  Cochylis atricapitana 7mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Throughout, particularly on chalk coasts. Has dark head and thorax. FP Common Ragwort flowers, stems and roots. (966)

49.146  Apotomis semifasciana 9mm Local. Jun–Aug. Damp woods, withy beds, fens, riverbanks. FP Catkins and leaves of sallows. (1089) 49.148  Apotomis lineana 9mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Damp meadows, riverbanks, marshes. FP Spun leaves of White or Crack willow. (1091)

49.140  Cochylis pallidana 6mm Very local. Jun. White head, grey thorax. Mainly coastal on dunes, heaths, cliffs. FP Flowers of Sheep’s-bit. (967)

49.133 IK

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 140

49.133 PGC

49.134 PGC

16/10/2014 10:15

49.135 KT

49.136 CMM

49.136 CMM

49.137 CMM

49.138 NS

49.139 CMM

49.140 JS

49.141 RH

49.139 CMM

49.142 PGC

49.143 CMM

49.143 OW

49.144 NS

49.144 PGC

49.145 NS

49.146 KT

49.148 NS

49.145 NS

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 141

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142 

TORTRICIDAE

49.149  Apotomis turbidana 10mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout Britain in birch woods. White streak from base to middle of wing. Comes to light. FP Spun leaves of birches. (1092) 49.150  Apotomis betuletana 9mm Common. Jun–Sep. Throughout Britain in birch woods. Comes to light. FP Spun leaves of birches. (1093)

49.151  Apotomis capreana 9mm Local. Jun–Aug. Open woods, heaths, marshes, riverbanks. Looks browner than A. betuletana. FP Spun leaves of Goat Willow. (1094) 49.152  Apotomis sororculana 9mm Local. May–Jul. Woods and heaths. FP Spun leaves of birches. (1095)

49.158  Hedya ochroleucana 10mm Common. Jun–Jul. Outer pale section of wing only lightly marked, black central dot merges with main dark band. Chalk downs, hedges, gardens, woodland. FP Spun leaves of roses, Apple. (1084) 49.159  Hedya atropunctana 7mm Common. May–Jun. Mainly N Britain on damp heaths. Black central dot distinct. FP Spun terminal shoots of willows, Bog-myrtle. (1085) 49.160  Celypha rufana 8mm Very local. Jun–Aug. On rocky ground with covering of moss, mostly in NW England. FP In a spinning on withered or fresh leaves of Wild or Barren strawberry at ground level among moss. (1065) 49.161  Celypha striana 8mm Common. May–Sep. In grasslands, woods, hedges, gardens and open ground, mainly in the south. FP Dandelion roots. (1063)

49.153  Apotomis sauciana 7mm Local. May–Aug. Very local in the south. Flies in sun and to light. Open woods, high moors up to 950m. FP Bilberry, Bearberry, Mountain Willow. (1096)

49.162  Celypha rosaceana 9mm Local. May–Sep. Rough fields, verges, dunes etc. FP Roots of Perennial or Prickly sow-thistle. (1064)

49.154  Orthotaenia undulana 8mm Common. May–Jul. Widespread throughout in woods, moors, on dunes, scrub, hedges. FP Polyphagous on plants, bushes and trees, including Bog-myrtle, Bilberry, pines, birches, Common Nettle, Bramble. (1087)

49.164  Celypha cespitana 8mm Local. Jun–Aug. Mainly on limestone or chalk downland, coasts, dunes, vegetated shingle. Flies in sun and to light. FP Herbaceous plants, including thymes, sea-lavenders, clovers. (1067)

49.155  Hedya salicella 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. Open woods, heaths, marshes, parks. FP Spun leaves of Grey or White willow, Aspen, Black Poplar. (1086)

49.156  Marbled Orchard Tortrix Hedya nubiferana 8mm Common. May–Aug. Two black dots just beyond dark band. Woods, parks, gardens, hedges. FP Hawthorns, Crab-apple, plums. (1083)



49.157  Plum Tortrix Hedya pruniana 8mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout in woods, gardens, hedgerows. FP Prunus spp., e.g. Blackthorn, plums. (1082)

49.149 CMM

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 142

49.150 CMM



49.165  Mistletoe Marble Celypha woodiana 8mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Where Mistletoe is abundant. FP Mines in Mistletoe leaf. (1066)

49.166  Celypha lacunana 8mm Very common. May–Nov. Throughout Britain along hedgerows, wood edges, rough ground, gardens. FP Various herbaceous plants and shrubs. (1076)

49.151 NS

16/10/2014 10:15

49.152 KT

49.153 KT

49.154 PGC

49.155 CMM

49.156 CMM

49.154 CMM

49.157 PGC

49.158 SR

49.159 PGC

49.160 RJH

49.161 CMM

49.161 CMM

49.162 PGC

49.164 RH

49.165 DAG

49.166 CJS

49.166 CMM

49.166 JP

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 143

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144 

TORTRICIDAE

49.167  Celypha rivulana 8mm Local. Jun–Aug. Similar to C. cespitana but brighter chocolatebrown markings. Flies in sun and to light. Damp meadows, boggy heaths, grassland, scrub. FP Flowers and shoots of various herbaceous plants. (1068) 49.169  Celypha aurofasciana 6mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Flies in the afternoon and to light in open woodland. FP In a silk gallery among moss on old tree bark. (1069) 49.172  Phiaris schulziana 10mm Local. Jun–Aug. Heathland and high moors to 1,000m. Flies in the evening. FP Crowberry, Heathers. (1073)

49.173  Phiaris micana 8mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Mainly on Scottish bogs, rare elsewhere. Flies in sun. FP Unknown. (1075)

49.174  Phiaris palustrana 7mm Local. May–Aug. Flies in afternoon sun. Sheltered heathland with birches and pines. FP In mosses. (1074)

49.176  Cymolomia hartigiana 8mm Rare. May–Aug. Added to British list for Suffolk in 2007. Coniferous woodland. FP Silver Fir, Norway Spruce. (1080a) 49.178  Stictea mygindiana 9mm Local. May–Jun. Flies in afternoon sun. Heath and moorland. FP Crowberry, Bearberry, Bog-myrtle. (1070) 49.179  Olethreutes arcuella 8mm Very local. May–Aug. Scattered through England and Wales in open woods and heaths. Very distinctive. Flies in sun and to light. FP Leaf litter and withered leaves of low plants. (1080) 49.180  Piniphila bifasciana 6mm Common. Jun–Aug. Scattered in pine woods, heaths. FP Young shoots and male flowers of Scots Pine, Maritime Pine. (1079)

49.167 PP

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 144

49.169 RH

49.181  Lobesia occidentis 6mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Flies in afternoon sun. Open woods, coastal cliffs, dunes. FP Spun shoots of Wood or Sea spurge. (1105) 49.182  European Vine Moth Lobesia botrana 6mm Migrant. Vineyard pest from S Europe and N Africa. FP Grape vines. (1107) 49.183  Lobesia abscisana 6mm Common. May–Sep. Open woods, grassland, wasteground, vegetated shingle. FP Creeping Thistle. (1108) 49.184  Lobesia reliquana 6mm Local. May–Jun. Mainly in S Britain, in woodland, parks, scrub, hedges, gardens. Flies in sun or at night. FP Spun leaves of oaks, birches, Blackthorn. (1106) 49.185  Lobesia littoralis 7mm Local. May–Oct. Mostly coastal where the foodplant grows, but also in gardens on cultivated Thrift. FP Flowers of Thrift, Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (1109) 49.186  Endothenia gentianaeana 8mm Common. May–Aug. Commonly flies around Teasel after emergence. Wasteground, road verges, embankments. FP Inside seedheads of Teasel (can be in every seedhead). (1097) 49.187  Endothenia oblongana 6mm Local. May–Sep. Chalk and limestone grassland, old quarries, cliffs. FP Roots of Ribwort Plantain. (1098) 49.188  Endothenia marginana 7mm Common. May–Sep. Damp woods, wet heaths, embankments, rough grass. FP Flowers or seeds of Teasel, Marsh Gentian, Yellow Rattle, Betony, Marsh Lousewort. (1099) 49.191  Endothenia nigricostana 6mm Local. May–Jul. Flies in the afternoon and to light. Open woods and hedges. FP Stalks and roots of Hedge Woundwort. (1102)

49.172 NS

16/10/2014 10:15

49.173 AWP

49.174 TT

49.176 RH

49.178 NS

49.179 CMM

49.180 OW

49.181 OW

49.182 RH

49.180 PGC

49.183 SD

49.184 OW

49.185 JBH

49.186 PGC

49.186 RJH

49.185 NS

49.187 RJH

49.188 NS

49.191 JEG

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 145

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146 

TORTRICIDAE

49.192  Endothenia ericetana 8mm Local. Jun–Sep. Markings dull. Meadows, farmland, open hedgerows. FP Stems and roots of Marsh Woundwort, Corn-mint. (1103)



49.193  Endothenia quadrimaculana 10mm Common. Jun–Aug. Similar to E. ericetana but larger, paler and more strongly marked. Damp meadows, hedgerows, riverbanks. FP Stems and roots of Marsh Woundwort. (1104)

49.201  Ancylis unguicella 8mm Local. Apr–Jul. Like all Ancylis spp., forewing extends to a lobe at the apex. More common in northern and upland regions on heaths and moors. FP Heather, Bell Heather. (1117)

49.194  Bactra lancealana 8mm Common. May–Oct. Abundant throughout in marshes, bogs, wet heaths, moors, wet woods. Very variable. Flies by day and to light. FP Stems of various rushes. (1111)

49.202  Ancylis uncella 8mm Local. May–Aug. Damp heaths, moors, open woods, scrub. FP Spun leaves of heathers or birches. (1118)

49.195  Bactra furfurana 8mm Local. Jun–Aug. Flies in the afternoon and to light. Marshes, bogs, pond margins. FP Stems of various rushes. (1110)

49.203  Ancylis laetana 7mm Local. May–Jun. Open woods, parks, hedges, gardens. FP Aspen, sometimes Black Poplar. (1123)

49.196  Bactra lacteana 6mm Very local. May–Aug. Similar to B. lancealana, easily overlooked. Needs gen det for identification but dark bar at apex is indicative. Flies in the afternoon on sedge heaths and moors. FP Stems at ground level of Carnation Sedge. (1111a)

49.204  Ancylis obtusana 6mm Very local. Apr–Jul. Flies in sun and to light. Woods and heaths. FP Buckthorn, Alder Buckthorn. (1122)

49.197  Bactra robustana 9mm Very local. May–Sep. Similar to B. lancealana. Needs gen det for identification. Variable. Coastal on saltmarshes, where it flies in the evening and to light. FP Stems of Sea Club-rush. (1112) 49.199  Eucosmomorpha albersana 7mm Local. May–Jun. Flies in sun and to light. Woods and hedges. FP Honeysuckle leaves spun together. (1217)

49.200  Cherry Bark Moth Enarmonia formosana 9mm Common. May–Sep. Widespread in gardens, orchards, parks, hedgerows. FP Bark of Apple, cherries (including ornamental varieties), etc., producing red frass. (1216)

49.205  Ancylis comptana 6mm Local. Apr–Sep. Chalk grassland and coastal cliffs. Easily flushed by day, comes to light. FP Strawberry, Cinquefoil. (1116) 49.206  Ancylis upupana 8mm Rare. May–Jun. Woods, heaths, hedges. FP Spun or folded leaf of birches or elms. (1121)

49.192 NS

49.193 NS

49.194 PGC

49.194 CMM

49.194 CMM

49.194 CMM

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 146

16/10/2014 10:15

49.195 NS

49.196 TM

49.197 NS

49.199 OW

49.199 PGC

49.200 OW

49.202 PGC

49.201 NS

49.200 IK

49.202 CMM

49.203 NS

49.204 MW

49.205 MW

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 147

49.206 PGC

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148 

TORTRICIDAE

49.207  Ancylis geminana 8mm Local. May–Aug. Damp woods, wet heaths and moors, marshes. FP Spun leaves of sallows or willows. (1119)

49.216  Ancylis mitterbacheriana 7mm Common. Apr–Jul. Deciduous woodland. FP Oaks, Beech. (1120)

49.209  Ancylis diminutana 7mm Local. May–Aug. Open woods, marshes. FP Sallows. (1119a)

49.217  Ancylis tineana 8mm Rare. Jun. Flies by day on scrubby heaths and boggy moorland in Scottish Highlands and a single site in England. FP Spun leaves on stunted birches. (1124)

49.210  Ancylis unculana 7mm Local. May–Aug. Damp woods, scrub, hedges, chalk downs. FP Buckthorn, Alder Buckthorn. (1125)

49.218  Eriopsela quadrana 8mm Local. May–Jun. Scattered in dry, grassy chalk or limestone areas. Flies in the afternoon and to light. FP Leaves of Goldenrod. (1189)

49.211  Ancylis myrtillana 7mm Local. May–Jul. High moors and lowland heaths, most common in Scotland. FP Spun leaves of Bilberry, Bog Bilberry, Cowberry. (1128)

49.219  Thiodia citrana 9mm Local. Jul–Aug. Mainly coastal on open ground, dunes, Brecks, wasteground. Flies at dusk and to light. FP Spun flowers of Yarrow, Field Wormwood, Stinking Chamomile. (1204)

49.212  Ancylis apicella 8mm Very local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Damp woods, fens, heaths, marshes. FP Folded and spun leaves of Buckthorn, Alder Buckthorn. (1129)

49.220  Rhopobota myrtillana 5.5mm Local. May–Jun. Scarce in the south; mainly montane heaths and moors. Flies in the sun. FP Spun leaves of Bilberry. (1162)

49.213  Ancylis paludana 6mm Rare. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Found only in wetlands of East Anglia. FP Spun leaves of Marsh Pea. (1127)



49.223  Holly Tortrix Rhopobota naevana 6mm Common. May–Sep. Throughout in many habitats. Forewing shows a lobe and crease at the apex. FP Polyphagous on trees and shrubs, especially Holly. (1159)

49.214  Ancylis badiana 7mm Common. Apr–Oct. Flies by day and to light. Grassland, woodland tracks, wasteground, vegetated shingle. FP Spun leaves of peas, vetches, clovers. (1126)



49.224  Bud Moth Spilonota ocellana 8mm Common. May–Sep. Woods, scrub, hedgerows, gardens; more common in the south. FP Buds, then spun leaves, of various trees and shrubs. (1205)

49.215  Ancylis achatana 8mm Local. May–Aug. Hedges, scrub and woodland. FP Rolled leaves of Blackthorn, hawthorns, cotoneasters. (1115)

49.225  Spilonota laricana 8mm Local. Jun–Aug. Woods and plantations with larches. FP Larches, sometimes Sitka Spruce. (1205a)

49.207 TT

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 148

49.207 TT

49.209 BS

16/10/2014 10:15

49.210 DAG

49.211 OW

49.212 PGC

49.213 SR

49.214 CMM

49.212 CMM

49.215 GMT

49.216 CMM

49.217 RJH

49.218 GMT

49.219 NS

49.220 IK

49.223 PGC

49.223 OW

49.223 CMM

49.224 KT

49.224 SR

49.225 OW

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 149

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150 

TORTRICIDAE

49.226  Acroclita subsequana 7mm Scarce. Apr–Oct. Limestone cliffs, vegetated shingle, sand dunes. FP Spun leaves on Sea or Portland spurge. (1160)

49.234  Epinotia abbreviana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Usual form has white bands, sometimes plain dark. Wooded areas, scrub, hedges and gardens. FP Buds and leaves of elms, Field Maple. (1150)

49.228  Epinotia sordidana 9mm Local. Aug–Oct. Ditches, stream banks, marshes, damp ground. FP Rolled leaf of Common Alder, especially on new growth on mature stumps. (1153)

49.235  Epinotia nemorivaga 5mm Very local. May–Jul. Mostly on high moorland, formerly in western Ireland. Flies in afternoon sun. FP In leaves of Bearberry from within blotch mine. (1141)

49.229  Epinotia caprana 8mm Common. Jul–Oct. Variable. One form has white rather than chestnut along the dorsal edge of the forewing. Damp heathland, marsh, moors. FP Spun leaves on shoots of willows, Bog-myrtle. (1154)

49.237  Epinotia signatana 7mm Local. Jun–Jul. Scarce in the north. Hedges, scrub and open woods. FP Blackthorn, Crab-apple. (1144)

49.230  Epinotia trigonella 8mm Common. Jul–Sep. Heathland, scrub, woods. Comes to light. FP Spun leaves of small birches. (1151)



49.231  Epinotia brunnichana 10mm Common. Jul–Sep. Woods, parks, scrub, gardens. FP Inside rolled leaf of birches, Hazel, sallows. (1155) 49.232  Epinotia maculana 9mm Local. Aug–Oct. Very local in the north. Woods, parks, gardens. FP Rolled leaf of Aspen. (1152)

49.233  Epinotia solandriana 8mm Common. Jul–Aug. Throughout in woods and scrubland. Very variable. FP Inside rolled leaf of birches, Hazel, Goat Willow. (1156)

49.238  Willow Tortrix Epinotia cruciana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout in woods, scrub, wet heaths, sand dunes, gardens. Variable. Can be disturbed from foodplant in daytime. FP Spun leaves of sallows and willows, especially Creeping Willow. (1147)

49.239  Epinotia mercuriana 7mm Local. Jul–Sep. Flies in afternoon sun. Moorland, from sea-level to mountains. FP Heathers, willows, Bilberry, Mountain Avens. (1148) 49.240  Epinotia immundana 6mm Common. Apr–Jun, Aug–Sep. In fens, bogs, damp heaths, riverbanks and woods throughout. Comes to light. FP Catkins of birches, Common Alder. (1136)

49.226 MC

49.228 TT

49.232 NS

49.229 JEG

49.229 JEG

49.229 CMM

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 150

16/10/2014 10:15

49.230 CMM

49.230 RJH

49.231 NS

49.233 OW

49.231 Larva in birch PGC

49.231 NS

49.233 JP

49.233 JP

49.234 NS

49.235 DAG

49.237 KT

49.234 KT

49.238 CMM

49.238 PGC

49.239 JEG

49.240 CMM

49.240 CMM

49.239 JEG

Moths 2014 pp132-151.indd 151

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152 

TORTRICIDAE

49.242  Epinotia nanana 5mm Local. Jun–Aug. Very small, looks plain and dark. Coniferous woods, parks, gardens. FP In needles of Norway or Sitka spruce. (1145)

49.251  Epinotia rubiginosana 7mm Local. May–Jul. Throughout in pine woods. Flies in sun and at night. FP Scots Pine, Stone Pine. (1146)

49.243  Epinotia demarniana 7mm Very local. May–Aug. Fens, bogs, damp heaths, chalk pits and woods. FP Catkins of birches, Common Alder, Goat Willow. (1135)

49.252  Epinotia tedella 6mm Common. May–Jul. Flies in sun and to light. Conifer plantations, gardens. FP Norway and Sitka spruce. (1142)

49.244  Epinotia subocellana 6mm Common. May–Aug. Comes to light. Woods, scrub, wet heaths. FP Spun leaves of sallows. (1132)

49.254  Epinotia bilunana 8mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout, in birch woods. Distinctive crescent seen from above but not as dark as E. ramella. FP Birch catkins. (1133)

49.245  Epinotia tetraquetrana 7mm Common. Apr–Jun. Damp heaths, woods and moors. FP Birches, Common Alder. (1137)

49.255  Epinotia nisella 7mm Common. Jul–Oct. Variable. Throughout Britain in woods, parks, gardens, riverbanks. Chestnut-brown dorsal mark is distinctive. FP Sallows, poplars. (1138)

49.246  Epinotia pygmaeana 6mm Very local. Apr–Jun. Flies in sun. Male has pectinate antennae. Coniferous plantations. FP Spruces, Silver Fir. (1130)

49.256  Epinotia cinereana 7mm Local. Jul– Oct. Recognised as distinct from E. nisella 2012. Similar but lacks chestnut dorsal mark. Distribution uncertain owing to confusion with E. nisella. FP Aspen. (1138a)

49.248  Nut Bud Moth Epinotia tenerana 8mm Common. Jun–Oct. Widespread in damp woodland, hedges, gardens. FP Catkins and leaf buds of Hazel, Common Alder. (1139)



49.257  Larch Tortrix Zeiraphera griseana 9mm Common. Jun–Jul. Conifer woods, parks, gardens. FP Larches and other conifers. (1166)

49.249  Epinotia ramella 8mm Common. Jul–Oct. Throughout in birch woods. Pale form is similar to E. bilunana, but crescent is darker and flies later in the year. FP Twig or catkin of birch. (1134)



49.259  Spruce Bud Moth Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana 7mm Common. Jun–Aug. Conifer plantations, gardens. Comes to light. FP Spruces and pines. (1163)



49.242 RH

49.243 JBH

49.244 PGC

49.245 NS

49.245 PGC

49.246 TT

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 152

16/10/2014 13:04

49.248 KT

49.248 PGC

49.249 CMM

49.251 NS

49.252 PGC

49.249 CMM

49.254 CMM

49.254 CMM

49.255 CMM

49.255 CMM

49.255 SR

49.255 f. decorana NS

49.256 CMM

49.256 PGC

49.256 PGC

49.257 DAG

49.259 CMM

49.259 NS

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 153

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154 

TORTRICIDAE

49.260  Zeiraphera isertana 8mm Common. Jul–Aug. Throughout in oak woodland. Rather variable, often with a distinct pale, olive-tinged dorsal blotch. FP Rolled leaf of oaks. (1165)

49.272  Eucosma tripoliana 8mm Local. Jul–Aug. Coastal saltmarshes. FP Flowers of Sea Aster. (1193)

49.261  Crocidosema plebejana 8mm Very local. Jun–Oct. Mainly coastal but travels inland. Flies afternoons and to light. Cliffs, quarries, vegetated shingle, gardens. FP Tree Mallow. (1157)

49.273  Eucosma lacteana 9mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Coastal saltmarshes. FP Spun flowers and unripe seeds of Sea Wormwood. (1195)

49.263  Pelochrista caecimaculana 9mm Local. Jul. Inhabits dry calcareous pastures, wasteground, coastal cliffs and downs. FP Roots of Common Knapweed, Saw-wort. (1188)

49.274  Eucosma metzneriana 11mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Waysides, rough and wasteground. FP Mugwort and Wormwood. (1196)

49.264  Eucosma obumbratana 8mm Local. Jul–Aug. Rough ground, field margins, etc. FP Seedheads of sow-thistles. (1202)

49.275  Eucosma conterminana 8mm Very local. Jun–Sep. Creamy dorsal blotch is distinctive. Flies in sun and to light. Dry chalk and limestone areas, quarries, wasteground. FP Flowers of Great or Prickly lettuce. (1192)

49.265  Eucosma cana 9mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout on dry open grassland, dunes, quarries, parks. Flies in the afternoon and at night. FP Flowerheads of thistles, Common Knapweed. (1201)

49.276  Eucosma aspidiscana 9mm Very local. Apr–Jun. Scattered in dry, grassy chalk or limestone areas. Flies in sun and to light. FP Flowers and stems of Goldenrod. (1190)

49.266  Eucosma hohenwartiana 9mm Common. Jun–Aug. Dry open grassland through most of Britain. Flies at dusk and to light. FP Inside flowerheads of Common Knapweed. (1200)

49.277  Eucosma pupillana 8mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Waysides, rough and wasteground, especially on the coast. FP Roots and stems of Wormwood. (1199)

49.269  Eucosma campoliliana 8mm Common. Jun–Sep. Grassland, wasteground, dunes, open areas. FP Seeds and stems of Common Ragwort. (1197)

49.278  Gypsonoma minutana 7mm Very local. Jul–Aug. Flies in sun and to light. Woods, parks, roadsides. FP Spun leaves of poplars, Aspen. (1171)

49.271  Eucosma rubescana 9mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Saltmarshes in SE England. Needs gen det for identification. FP Spun flowers of Sea Aster. (1191)

49.279  Gypsonoma dealbana 6mm Common. May–Aug. Face white. Open woods, scrub, brownfield sites, gardens. FP Leaves, buds and catkins of various trees and shrubs. (1169)

49.260 PGC

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 154

49.260 PGC

49.260 NS

16/10/2014 13:04

49.261 KT

49.263 RH

49.264 OW

49.265 CMM

49.266 CMM

49.266 CMM

49.269 CMM

49.269 CMM

49.271 JBH

49.272 CMM

49.273 NS

49.274 CMM

49.275 CMM

49.276 GMT

49.277 DAG

49.278 PGC

49.278 NS

49.279 CMM

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 155

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156 

TORTRICIDAE

49.280  Gypsonoma oppressana 7mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Scattered in woods, parks, roadsides. Can be found on poplar trunks, comes to light. Arched costa, rounded apex. FP Buds of Black or White poplar. (1170)

49.289  Epiblema costipunctana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Flies in sun and to light. Wasteground, rough pasture, sand dunes, etc. FP Roots of Common Ragwort. (1187)

49.281  Gypsonoma sociana 7mm Widespread but local. Jun–Aug. Rests on poplar trunks by day, comes to light. Forehead is white. Woods, parks, gardens, riverbanks. FP Twig and leaf buds of Black Poplar, sallows, Aspen. (1168)

49.290  Epiblema turbidana 10mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Flies on warm evenings and to light. Damp meadows and roadsides, stream banks. FP Roots of Butterbur. (1182)

49.283  Gypsonoma aceriana 7mm Local. Jun–Aug. Woods, parks, roadsides. Rests on poplar trunks by day. FP Shoots, buds and leaf stems of poplars. (1167)

49.292  Notocelia cynosbatella 10mm Common. May–Jul. Yellow labial palps are distinctive. Flies in sun and to light. Hedges, scrub, gardens. FP Wild and cultivated roses, Bramble. (1174)

49.284  Epiblema sticticana 8mm Common. May–Jul. Similar to E. scutulana and E. cirsiana. Flies in sun and to light. Wasteground, embankments, coasts, open ground. FP Usually in roots and stems of Colt’s-foot. (1186)

49.293  Notocelia tetragonana 8mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Flies afternoons and to light. Open woods, scrub, hedges. FP Spun leaves of roses. (1180)

49.285  Epiblema scutulana 9mm Common. May–Aug. On rough ground, damp areas and scrub throughout. Comes to light. FP Stems and roots of Spear and Musk thistle. (1184)



49.286  Epiblema cirsiana 8mm Common. May–Jun. Formerly thought to be a form of E. scutulana. Comes to light. Damp sheltered meadows and woodland rides. FP Stems and roots of Marsh Thistle, Common Knapweed. (1184a)

49.295  Notocelia roborana 9mm Common. Jun–Aug. Woods, hedges, gardens, grasslands, coastal cliffs. FP Spun leaves of roses, including cultivars. (1178)

49.287  Epiblema cnicicolana 8mm Rare. May–Jun. Rests on foodplant, flies in the evening and to light. Ditches, wet fields, coastal landslips. FP Stems of Common Fleabane. (1185) 49.288  Epiblema foenella 11mm Common. Jun–Sep. White dorsal mark is unmistakable, but sometimes grey or missing entirely. Flies at dusk and at night. Open woods, wasteground, marshes, coastal cliffs. FP Roots and lower stems of Mugwort. (1183)

49.280 BS

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 156

49.280 CMM

49.294  Bramble Shoot Moth Notocelia uddmanniana 9mm Common. May–Sep. Very local in Scotland. Unmistakable. Hedges, scrub, sand dunes, woods. FP Untidy bunch of spun leaves of Bramble, Raspberry, Loganberry. (1175)

49.296  Notocelia incarnatana 8mm Very local. Jun–Sep. Coastal on limestone and sand, sometimes inland on chalk and limestone pavement. Usually tinged pink when fresh. FP In spun leaves of roses, esp. Burnet Rose. (1179) 49.297  Notocelia rosaecolana 8mm Common. May–Aug. Grassland, open woods, hedgerows, gardens. FP Roses, including cultivars. (1177)

49.281 CMM

16/10/2014 13:04

49.283 GMT

49.284 PGC

49.285 CMM

49.286 PGC

49.287 RJH

49.285 CMM

49.288 CMM

49.289 PGC

49.289 PGC

49.290 TT

49.292 RPJ

49.292 CMM

49.293 OW

49.294 CMM

49.295 NS

49.296 CMM

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 157

49.297 CMM

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158 

TORTRICIDAE

49.298  Notocelia trimaculana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout in woods, scrub, hedgerows. Tawny apex of wing aids identification. FP Hawthorns. (1176)

49.309  Dichrorampha plumbana 7mm Common. May–Jun. Throughout Britain in meadows and rough ground. Flies in sun and to light. FP Roots of Ox-eye Daisy, Yarrow. (1285)

49.299  Pseudococcyx posticana 8mm Local. Apr–Jun. Coniferous woods, gardens and heathland. FP Lateral shoots of Scots Pine. (1208)

49.310  Dichrorampha sedatana 7mm Local. May–Jul. Rough grassland and coasts. Very local in Scotland. Flies in sun and to light. Needs gen det and/or rearing for identification. FP Roots of Tansy. (1286)



49.300  Pine Bud Moth Pseudococcyx turionella 9mm Local. Apr–Jun. Coniferous woods and heathland. FP Buds and shoots of Scots Pine. (1209)

49.311  Dichrorampha aeratana 7mm Local. May–Jun. Rests on foodplant flowers, flies in sun and to light. Needs gen det and/or rearing for identification. Grassland, rough ground. FP Roots of Ox-eye Daisy. (1287)



49.301  Pine Resin-gall Moth Retinia resinella 10mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Two-year life cycle, mainly flies in odd-numbered years. Pine forests. FP Young pines, in a resinous gall. (1214)



49.304  Pine Leaf-mining Moth Clavigesta purdeyi 6mm Common. Jun–Sep. Flies evenings and to light. In pine woods, including in suburban areas. FP Pine needles. (1207)

49.313  Dichrorampha acuminatana 7mm Common. Apr–May, Aug–Sep. Throughout in meadows, gardens, verges. Distinct grey and white band on cilia at termen. Flies in the afternoon and to light. FP Roots of Ox-eye Daisy, Tansy. (1279)



49.305  Pine Shoot Moth Rhyacionia buoliana 10mm Common. Jun–Aug. Coniferous woods. Can be similar to R. pinicolana. FP Buds and shoots of Scots Pine. (1210)

49.314  Dichrorampha sylvicolana 5mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Damp grass or heath, mainly on acid soils. FP Roots of Sneezewort. (1282)

49.315  Dichrorampha simpliciana 8mm Widespread but local. Jul–Sep. Larger than similar Dichrorampha spp. Verges, rough and wasteground. FP Roots of Mugwort. (1281)

49.306  Rhyacionia pinicolana 9mm Common. Jun–Sep. Coniferous woods. FP Buds and shoots of Scots Pine. (1211)

49.316  Dichrorampha sequana 6mm Local. May–Jun. Rests on foodplant, flies at sunset and to light. Rough grassland, verges, open woods. FP Roots of Yarrow. (1278)



49.307  Spotted Shoot Moth Rhyacionia pinivorana 7mm Common. May–Jul. Coniferous woods throughout. FP Buds and shoots of Scots Pine. (1212)



49.308  Elgin Shoot Moth Rhyacionia logaea 8mm Scarce. Apr–May. Flies by day. Pine forests. FP Buds or shoots of Scots or Lodgepole pine, Sitka Spruce. (1213)

49.298 49.298PGC PGC

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 158

49.298 CMM 49.298 CMM

49.317  Dichrorampha senectana 7mm Very local. Jun. Forewing speckled. Flies in the afternoon and to light. Coastal cliffs and quarries. FP Roots of Ox-eye Daisy. (1277) 49.318  Dichrorampha vancouverana 7mm Common. Jun–Jul. Flies in sun and to light. Limestone grassland, rough ground, coasts. FP Roots of Yarrow or Tansy. (1284)

49.299 NS 49.299 NS

49.300 CMM 49.300 CMM

16/10/2014 13:04



49.301 gall RH

49.304 CMM

49.305 PGC

49.306 CMM

49.307 NS

49.307 CMM

49.308 KT

49.309 PGC

49.310 PGC

49.311 PGC

49.311 PGC

49.313 CMM

49.314 JP

49.315 PGC

49.316 PGC

49.317 CMM

49.318 NS

49.318 RH 

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 159

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160 

TORTRICIDAE

49.319  Dichrorampha flavidorsana 7mm Local. Jul–Aug. Rough ground, dunes, verges, gardens. Similar to D. alpinana but on Tansy in sun, at dusk and to light. FP Roots of Tansy. (1275)

49.327  Cydia microgrammana 7mm Very local. May–Aug. Flies during the day and to light. Mainly coastal on limestone grassland, wasteground, dunes. FP Seeds of Common Restharrow. (1220)

49.320  Dichrorampha alpinana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Widespread in meadows and rough places. Flies in the afternoon and evening over, and rests on, Ox-eye Daisy. FP Roots of Ox-eye Daisy. (1274)

49.329  Cydia illutana 6mm Scarce. May–Jun. Comes to light. Coniferous woods, gardens. FP Green cones of larches, spruces, firs. (1266a)

49.321  Dichrorampha petiverella 6mm Common. May–Aug. Widespread in meadows and rough places. Flies in the afternoon and evening around foodplant. FP Roots of Yarrow, Tansy, Sneezewort. (1273)

49.330  Cydia conicolana 6mm Very local. May–Jun. Flies by day and to light. Coniferous woods and isolated heathland trees. FP Inside cones of pines, especially Scots Pine. (1269)

49.322  Dichrorampha plumbagana 6mm Common. May–Jun. Widespread in meadows and rough places. Flies in the afternoon and evening over, and rests on, Yarrow. FP Roots of Yarrow. (1276)

49.332  Cydia coniferana 6mm Local. May–Aug. Coniferous woods. FP Under bark of various pines and spruces, producing reddish frass. (1268)

49.323  Dichrorampha montanana 7mm Common. Jun–Aug. Cilia at termen are grey and white. Limestone areas, sandy grassland, rough ground. FP Roots of Yarrow or Tansy. (1283)

49.334  Cydia cosmophorana 5.5mm Local. May–Jul. Flies high in sun and to light. Similar to C. conicolana but distinct white mark at termen. Pine woods. FP Under bark of Scots or Corsican pines. (1267)



49.324  Pea Moth Cydia nigricana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Widespread. Can be pest of garden crops. FP Inside pods, in seeds of wild and cultivated Peas. (1257)

49.325  Cydia ulicetana 6mm Common. May, Jul–Sep. Males fly in sun around gorse. Throughout on heath and moorland. FP Inside seedpods of Gorse, Broom. (1255)

49.326  Alfalfa Moth Cydia medicaginis 6mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Needs gen det for identification. Similar to C. microgrammana but narrower wing. FP Seeds of Lucerne, Black Medick. (1255a)

49.319 PGC

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 160

49.320 PGC



49.335  Spruce Seed Moth Cydia strobilella 7mm Local. Apr–May. Mostly southern. Flies in afternoon sun and sometimes to light. Spruce plantations, parks, gardens. FP Inside cones on seeds of Norway or Serbian spruce. (1254)



49.338  Codling Moth Cydia pomonella 9mm Common. May–Oct. Gardens, orchards, woodland, parks. FP Inside fruits of Apple, pears, etc. (1261)

49.339  Cydia servillana 6mm Local. May–Jun. Flies in the afternoon and evening and to light. Open woods, parks, riverbanks. FP In a twig of Grey or Goat willow, in a gall. (1256)

49.321 GMT

49.321 CMM

16/10/2014 13:04

49.322 PGC

49.323 TT

49.324 JSB

49.325 CMM

49.325 CMM

49.325 CMM

49.326 JBH

49.327 KT

49.329 KT

49.330 NS

49.332 NS

49.334 NS

49.335 BD

49.338 CMM

49.339 IRT

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 161

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162 

TORTRICIDAE

49.341  Cydia splendana 9mm Common. Jul–Oct. Variable. Comes to light. Woods, parks, gardens. FP Inside acorns of oaks, nuts of Sweet Chestnut or Walnut. (1260)

49.350  Grapholita caecana 7mm Rare. Jul. Chalky open grassland. FP Stems and roots of Sainfoin. (1240)

49.341  Jumping Bean Moth Cydia deshaisiana 9mm Imported in ‘jumping beans’ from Mexico. FP Seeds of Sebastiania shrubs. (1262a)

49.351  Grapholita lunulana 6mm Very local. May–Jun. Flies in sun. Wood edges, hedgerows, rough pastures, sand dunes. FP Spun leaves of vetches. (1252)

49.342  Cydia fagiglandana 8mm Common. May–Aug. Comes to light. Woods, hedgerows, downs. FP Inside nuts (mast) of Beech. (1259)

49.343  Cydia amplana 9mm Migrant. Jun–Aug. Mainly recorded on southern coasts. FP On the Continent inside acorns of oaks, also nuts of Hazel, Sweet Chestnut. (1262) 49.345  Lathronympha strigana 8mm Common. May–Sep. Open woodland, limestone grassland, wasteground. FP Spun leaves of St John’s-worts or Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (1219) 49.346  Selania leplastriana 7mm Rare. Jul. Coastal slopes and cliffs in Kent, Dorset and S Devon. Flies in sunshine. FP Stems of Wild Cabbage. (1218) 49.347  Grapholita compositella 4.5mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Small but striking. Flies in sun. Scattered in meadows with low vegetation. FP Spun leaves, stems, flowers of clovers, Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (1241)

49.348  Liquorice Piercer Grapholita pallifrontana 5mm Very local. UK BAP. May–Jul. Rough limestone grassland, scrub. Similar to G. internana but pale marks slightly yellow, hind wing of male is dark brown. FP Seedpods of Wild Liquorice. (1243)

49.353  Grapholita gemmiferana 6mm Rare. May–Jun. On coastal cliffs in Devon and Isle of Wight. Flies in sun. FP Spun leaves of Narrow-leaved Everlasting Pea. (1244) 49.354  Grapholita jungiella 6mm Common. Apr–Jun, Aug. Flies in sun over foodplants, comes to light. Woods, grassland, scrub. FP Spun leaves and seedpods of Bitter Vetch, Bush Vetch. (1251) 49.355  Grapholita lathyrana 5mm Rare. Mar–May. Flies in sun on grassland. FP Dyer’s Greenweed in spun flowers. (1250)

49.356  Grapholita lobarzewskii 6mm Scarce. May–Jul. Hedges, gardens. FP Fruit of Apple. (1249)



49.357  Plum Fruit Moth Grapholita funebrana 7mm Common. May–Oct. Comes to light. Hedges, scrub, gardens, orchards. FP Fruit of Blackthorn and other plums. (1247)

49.358  Grapholita tenebrosana 5mm Local. May–Jul. Flies in sun and to light. Woods, moors, scrub, hedges, gardens. FP Hips of Dog-rose, occasionally Rowan. (1246)

49.349  Grapholita internana 5mm Local. Apr–Jun. Flies around gorse in sun. Similar to G. compositella but 2 dorsal bars only. Hind wing of male is white. FP Seedpods of gorses. (1242)

49.341 CMM

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 162

49.341 NS

49.341 PGC

16/10/2014 13:04

49.341 CMM

49.342 GMT

49.343 CMM

49.345 CMM

49.346 RJH

49.347 BS

49.348 OW

49.349 NS

49.350 TM

49.351 PGC

49.353 PP

49.353 PP

49.354 IK

49.354 JSB

49.355 PHS

49.356 PGC

49.357 BS

49.358 GMT

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 163

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164 

TORTRICIDAE

49.359  Grapholita janthinana 5mm Common. Jun–Aug. Flies in afternoon and to light around hawthorns. FP Berries of hawthorns, spun together. (1245)

49.372  Pammene populana 7mm Local. Jul–Sep. Woods, marshes, hedges, scrub. FP Spun shoots of Goat or Creeping willow, Osier. (1232)

49.360  Pammene splendidulana 5.5mm Common. Apr–Jun. Oak woods, parks. FP Spun oak leaves. (1223)

49.373  Pammene spiniana 6mm Local. Aug–Sep. Scrub, hedgerows and commons. FP Spun leaves and flowers of Blackthorn, hawthorns. (1231)

49.361  Pammene ignorata 6mm Rare. Jun. Gen det needed for identification. Woodland. FP Probably limes and elms. (1228a)

49.374  Pammene trauniana 6mm Rare. May–Jul. Flies in sun around foodplant and to light. Woods, hedges, scrub. FP Seeds of Field Maple. (1235)

49.362  Pammene giganteana 7mm Local. Mar–May. Wings long and narrow. Oak woods. FP In galls on oaks. (1227)

49.375  Pammene regiana 7mm Common. May–Aug. Woods, parks, gardens, hedges. FP Seeds of Sycamore, Norway Maple. (1234)

49.363  Pammene argyrana 5.5mm Local. Apr–Jun. Oak woods, rests on trunks, comes to light. FP In galls on oaks. (1228)

49.376  Pammene aurita 7mm Common. Jun–Aug. Woods, parks, gardens, hedges. FP Seeds of Sycamore. (1233)

49.365  Pammene albuginana 6mm Very local. May–Jul. Flies afternoons and to light. Oak woodland. FP In galls on oaks. (1229)

49.377  Pammene germmana 7mm Very local. May–Jul. Flies by day and to light. Woods and hedgerows. FP Oaks or Beech. (1237)

49.366  Pammene obscurana 6mm Scarce. May–Jun. Scattered on heaths and moors. FP Birch catkins. (1225)

49.378  Pammene ochsenheimeriana 5mm Very local. May–Jun. Coniferous woods. Flies in the afternoon and to light. FP Spruces, Giant Fir. (1238)

49.367  Pammene fasciana 7mm Common. Jun–Aug. Variable. Flies in sun and to light. Woods and parks. FP Inside acorns of oaks, nuts of Sweet Chestnut. (1236)

49.379  Pammene aurana 6mm Local. Jun–Jul. Widespread on rough open ground. Very distinctive, resting on flowers of foodplant, flies in sun and to light. FP Seeds of Hogweed, spun together. (1272)



49.371  Fruitlet Mining Tortrix Pammene rhediella 5mm Common. Apr–Jun. Flies in sun around hawthorns and to light. Woods, hedges, parks, gardens. FP Flowers and fruits of hawthorns, Apple, pears. (1239)

49.359 JSB

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 164

49.360 NS

49.361 TT

16/10/2014 13:05

49.362 PGC

49.363 NS

49.365 PGC

49.367 CMM

49.367 NS

49.367 CMM

49.366 OW

49.372 OW

49.372 PGC

49.371 SMP

49.373 JSB

49.374 MW

49.375 GMT

49.376 JSB

49.376 CMM

49.377 PGC

49.378 TT

49.379 NS

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 165

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166 

TORTRICIDAE, COSSIDAE, CASTNIIDAE and SESIIDAE

49.380  Pammene gallicana 6mm Local. Jul–Aug. Slightly tinged violet. Flies in sun and to light. Dry open downs and grassland, sand dunes, wasteground. FP In spinning among seeds of Wild Carrot, Wild Angelica, Hogweed. (1271)

49.382  Strophedra nitidana 4.5mm Very local. May–Jul. Oak woods, scarce from Midlands northwards. FP Spun oak leaves. (1222)

49.381  Strophedra weirana 5.5mm Local. May–Aug. Flies in sun and to light. Woodland, especially on calcareous soils. FP Spun leaves of Beech. (1221)

50 COSSIDAE Leopard and Goat Moths Only three distinctive members of this family. Adults come to light. Larvae bore inside living wood or stems of foodplant.

50.001  Goat Moth Cossus cossus 35mm Scarce. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Widespread but local and decreasing. Large and chunky. Occasionally comes to light. FP In trunks of living trees for 4 years, often in colonies in damp locations. Larvae smell of Goat. (162)



50.002  Leopard Moth Zeuzera pyrina 25mm Common. Jun–Aug. Unmistakable. Found from Yorkshire southwards in open woods. Female much larger than male. FP In branches of woody shrubs and trees for 3 years. (161)



50.003  Reed Leopard Phragmataecia castaneae 16mm Rare and local. Jun–Jul. In Cambridge, Norfolk Broads and E Dorset in reedbeds. Body much longer than wings. FP In Common Reed stems for up to 3 years. (160)

51 CASTNIIDAE Just one large and unmistakable member of this family has been found in Britain, and indeed Europe. It is colourful, day-flying and has clubbed antennae so is easily mistaken for a butterfly. It is native to Argentina and Uruguay but, having been imported in palm trees, is now spreading through Italy, France and Spain where larvae can cause huge damage to ornamental palms, even killing them. 51.0001 Surreptitious Paysandisia archon 50mm Import. Unmistakable. Originally from South America. Two British records almost certainly imported in ornamental palm trees.

Now resident in south of France. FP Bores inside palm trees. (384a)

52 SESIIDAE Clearwings There are 16 members of this family. All have transparent wings with bands on their bodies to mimic flies or hornets. They fly in sunshine, and males are best seen by attracting them to pheromones that imitate the scent of the female. Larvae bore inside living wood of host tree.

52.001  Raspberry Clearwing Pennisetia hylaeiformis 9mm Rare. Jun–Aug. Discovered Hertford/Cambridge in 2007. FP Stems and root of wild or cultivated Raspberry. (369a)

49.380 JEG

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 166

49.381 GMT

52.002  Hornet Moth Sesia apiformis 20mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. The size of a hornet, but yellow rather than red-brown markings, and no wasp-waist. Has yellow head and shoulder markings (tegulae). Presence often confirmed by exit holes and pupal cases in mature trees in open situations. FP Feeds on live wood low down inside trunk of Black, Lombardy and other poplars, for up to 3 years. (370)

49.381 DGG

49.382 NS

16/10/2014 13:05

50.001 CMM

50.001 CMM

50.001 CMM

50.002 CMM

50.003 CMM

52.001 KT

51.0001 SP

52.002 KDR

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 167

52.002 CMM 

52.002 Pair KDR

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168 

SESIIDAE

52.003  Lunar Hornet Moth Sesia bembeciformis 20mm Common. Jul–Aug. Smaller than Hornet Moth, black head and shoulders, yellow collar. Rarely seen except early morning after emergence. In mature trees in damp situations. FP Inside sallows, willows and sometimes poplars, for 2 years. (371) 52.004  Dusky Clearwing Paranthrene tabaniformis 15mm Probably extinct. May–Jul. Comes to pheromones so just might be rediscovered but always has been extremely rare. FP Poplars. (372)

52.005  Welsh Clearwing Synanthedon scoliaeformis 17mm Rare, very local. Jun–Jul. Tail fan orange-brown. Damp, acid hills and moors, in mature, isolated birch trees. FP Beneath birch bark for 2 years. (376)

52.006  White-barred Clearwing Synanthedon spheciformis 15mm Local. May–Jul. Abdomen has only 1 creamy band, antennae pale near tip. Comes to pheromones. Heaths, Common Alder groves, damp woods, riverbanks. FP Common Alder and birches, in trunk or roots for 2 or 3 years. (375)



52.007  Large Red-belted Clearwing Synanthedon culiciformis 12mm Local. May–Jun. Red band on abdomen plus red marks at base of forewing. Open woodland, scrubby heaths. FP Under bark of birches and Common Alder, especially on cut stumps. (381) 52.008  Red-tipped Clearwing Synanthedon formicaeformis 9mm Local. May–Aug. Red band on abdomen, red tips to wings. Widespread but local in damp, marshy areas. FP Trunks and stems of Osier and willows. (380)

52.009  Sallow Clearwing Synanthedon flaviventris 9mm Local. Jun–Jul. Two-year life cycle, adults hatching only in even years. Comes to pheromones. Open woods and damp heaths. FP Inside sallows and willows, forming a gall in twigs and shoots about 10mm thick. Galls visible in spring of even years. (377)

52.003 CMM

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 168

52.003 CMM



52.010  Orange-tailed Clearwing Synanthedon andrenaeformis 10mm Local. May–Jul. Smaller than Welsh Clearwing, with more yellow tail fan. Chalk and limestone downs, woodland edges. FP Wayfaring-tree, Guelder Rose, inside stems about 20mm thick for 2 years. (378)



52.011  Red-belted Clearwing Synanthedon myopaeformis 12mm Local. Jun–Aug. Red band on abdomen, black wings. Mature orchards, gardens, woods. FP Apple, Crab-apple, pears, hawthorns. (379)



52.012  Yellow-legged Clearwing Synanthedon vespiformis 9mm Local. May–Aug. Male (with black tail fan; female has yellow) comes to pheromones. Open woodland, parks, hedges. FP Under bark of recently felled stumps of oaks, Sweet Chestnut, elms, etc. (374)



52.013  Currant Clearwing Synanthedon tipuliformis 9mm Common. Jun–Jul. Comes readily and commonly to pheromones in sunshine. FP Inside stems of currant bushes. (373)



52.014  Six-belted Clearwing Bembecia ichneumoniformis 12mm Local. Jun–Aug. Chalk downs, rough pastures, coastal grassland. Can be swept from flowers. FP Bird’s-foot trefoils and vetches, in roots. (382)



52.015  Fiery Clearwing Pyropteron chrysidiformis 13mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Very scarce, on beaches and chalk cliffs. Can be seen nectaring in sunshine. Unmistakable orange-red wings. FP Roots of Curled Dock or Common Sorrel. (384)



52.016  Thrift Clearwing Pryopteron muscaeformis 10mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. The smallest clearwing. Rocky coastlines – unlikely to find other clearwings in same habitat. FP Thrift. (383)

52.004 CM

17/10/2014 09:56

52.005 DGG

52.006 NS

52.007 DF

52.008 DF

52.009 MSP

52.010 OW

52.011 DF

52.012 DF

52.013 CMM

52.014 DF

52.016 CMM

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 169

52.015 CMM

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170 

LIMACODIDAE and ZYGAENIDAE 53 LIMACODIDAE Festoon and Triangle

There are around 1,000 species worldwide in this family, mostly tropical, with just two species in Britain. They are often known as ‘slug moths’ as their caterpillars resemble slugs in shape. Adults rest with their abdomen raised.

53.001 Festoon Apoda limacodes 10–13mm Local. Jun–Jul. Female is larger and paler than male. Mature woods, hedges, wooded heaths. FP Oaks and Beech. (173)



53.002 Triangle Heterogenea asella 6–10mm Rare. Jun–Jul. As small as some micros. Distinctive triangular forewing, tent-like resting pose. Female is larger and paler than male. Only in ancient woods. FP Mainly oaks, sometimes Beech. (174)

54 ZYGAENIDAE Foresters and burnets There are 10 species of these strictly day-flying moths. Foresters have plain antennae, burnets have clubbed, both forward-facing. The Foresters are difficult to identify as adults but males are larger than females and the larvae have separate foodplants. Burnets can be tricky, as markings can vary within a population but some are very local. 54.001  Scarce Forester Jordanita globulariae 10–15mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Flies in sun, on rough calcareous grassland. Larger than Cistus Forester of same sex, antennae more pointed than Forester. FP On knapweeds. (165)

54.006  Scotch Burnet Zygaena exulans subochracea 13mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Very local. Flies in sun on Scottish mountains in Cairngorms at about 800m. Five small red spots. FP Crowberry, feeding in sunshine. (166)

54.002  Forester Adscita statices 11–15mm Local. UK BAP. May–Jul. Flies in sun, larger than Cistus Forester of same sex, antennae more rounded and broader than Scarce Forester. Open grassland, heaths, dunes, woodland rides. Male antennae feathered. FP Common and Sheep’s sorrel. (163)

54.007  New Forest Burnet Zygaena viciae argyllensis 13mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul. Flies in sun. Only on one tiny protected site on west coast of Argyll; extinct in New Forest. FP Common Bird’sfoot Trefoil and Meadow Vetchling. (168)





54.003  Cistus Forester Adscita geryon 9–12mm Local. May–Jul. Flies in sun, on chalk and limestone grassland, south-facing, usually near foodplant. FP Common Rock-rose. (164)



54.004  Transparent Burnet Zygaena purpuralis 17mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Hebridean islands, Mull of Kintyre and W Argyll, mainly on coastal cliffs, and the Burren in Ireland. FP Wild Thyme. (172)



54.005  Slender Scotch Burnet Zygaena loti scotica 15mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Islands of Mull and Ulva in the Inner Hebrides only. Outer pair of spots are merged. Flies in sun. FP Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (167)

53.001 / CMM

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 170

53.001 ? CMM

54.008  Six-spot Burnet Zygaena filipendulae stephensi 17mm Common. Jun–Aug. Day-flying, visits flowers of knapweeds, thistles, etc. Throughout in flowery meadows, verges, dunes. FP Bird’s-foot trefoils. (169) 54.009  Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet Zygaena lonicerae latomarginata 16mm Common. Jun–Jul. Similar to Five-spot Burnet. Citrina form rare. Needs to be reared from larvae (which have diagnostic long setae) to be certain of identity. Rough grassland, verges, embankments. FP Meadow Vetchling, clovers and trefoils. (171)

54.010  Five-spot Burnet Zygaena trifolii decreta 15mm Local. May–Jun. Similar to Narrowbordered, with slight larval differences including shorter hairs. Flies in sun, nectaring. Damp grassland, heaths and marshes. FP Greater Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (170)

53.002 / KT

53.002 ? CMM

16/10/2014 13:05

54.001 / DGG

54.002 / NS

54.003 ? NS

54.004 SH

54.005 SH

54.006 RL

54.007 SR

54.008 With chrysalis CMM

54.008 CMM

54.009 f. citrina DF

54.009 DF

54.010 CS

Moths 2014 pp152-171.indd 171

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172 

THYRIDIDAE and PYRALIDAE 55 THYRIDIDAE

This family inhabits the tropics and sub-tropics. They are colourful, often day-flying, moths. The only British record is of a single Telechines vialis that came to light in Southampton in 1994. This species slightly resembles a Blood Vein but inhabits South-east Asia from India to Borneo.

56–61 Butterfly families not covered in this book 62 PYRALIDAE This diverse family contains 89 species, though 11 are probable imports. Forewing lengths range from 5 to 22mm. Some hold their wings flat but most hold them steeply roof-like and tight to the abdomen. Antennae around half the wing length, facing backward above the abdomen.

62.001  Bee Moth Aphomia sociella 13–15mm Common. May–Sep. In nests of bees and wasps throughout Britain. Sexually dimorphic. FP Feeds on combs. (1428)

62.002  Aphomia zelleri 15mm Rare. Jun–Aug. Very local in coastal sandhills in Kent and East Anglia. FP In a silk tube in sand beneath Moss and Common Restharrow. (1429)

62.009  Elegia fallax 8mm Migrant. May–Aug. New to mainland Britain in Hampshire in 2011. FP Oaks. (1448a) 62.010  Elegia similella 10mm Very local. May–Aug. In mature oak woods in S England. FP On oak leaves, in a silk web. (1449)

62.003  Stored Nut Moth Paralipsa gularis 11–15mm Synanthropic. Imported in bird seed and nuts from Southeast Asia. FP Seeds and nuts. (1430)

62.005  Lesser Wax Moth Achroia grisella 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. Lives in beehives throughout Britain. Can be so abundant in hives as to destroy the bee colony. FP Feeds on old wax in beehives. (1426)



62.006  Wax Moth Galleria mellonella 12–15mm Common. Jun–Oct. Lives in beehives throughout Britain. Male is smaller and brighter than female. FP Feeds on honeycomb, hence the name. (1425)

62.007  Cryptoblabes bistriga 8mm Local. May–Aug. Oak woods. FP Folded leaf of oaks, occasionally Common Alder. (1433)

62.001 / CMM

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 172

62.008  Salebriopsis albicilla 10mm Rare. May–Jul. White head and antennae bases. Old woodland. FP Small-leaved Lime, in a rolled leaf. (1446)

62.011  Ortholepis betulae 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. Woods, parks and heaths with scattered birches. FP On upperside of birch leaf, in a web. (1450) 62.012  Pyla fusca 12mm Widespread but local. May–Sep. Throughout on heaths and moorland, particularly favouring burnt areas for camouflage. FP Heathers, in a web. (1451) 62.013  Moitrelia obductella 12mm Rare. Jul–Aug. On chalk downs and quarries in Kent. Comes to light. FP Marjoram, in a spinning. (1444)

62.001 / CMM

16/10/2014 13:56

62.001 ? JSB

62.001 ? PGC

62.002 NS

62.003 / PGC

62.003 ? PGC

62.005 NS

62.006 / CMM

62.006 ? JSB

62.007 JSB

62.008 DAG

62.009 DAG

62.010 KT

62.011 NS

62.012 CMM

62.013 JP

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 173

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174 

PYRALIDAE

62.014  Pempeliella ornatella 10–12mm Rare. Jun–Aug. Flies by day and to light. Chalk downs, limestone pavement. FP In roots of Wild Thyme, in a web. (1463)

62.022  Pempelia genistella 11mm Very local. Jun–Sep. On heaths and downland, especially near coast. FP Gorse or Dwarf Gorse, in a silk web. (1443)

62.015  Delplanqueia dilutella 9–10mm Local. Jun–Sep. On chalk and limestone coasts around Britain, inland on chalk downs. Associated with Yellow Meadow Ants . FP In Wild Thyme on an ant nest, in a silk tube. (1462)

62.023  Pempelia palumbella 12mm Local. Jun–Sep. Heathland and downs, easily disturbed in sunshine. FP Heathers, in a web. (1442)

62.017  Sciota adelphella 11mm Scarce. May–Aug. Resident in SE England, probably migrant elsewhere. Open woods, gardens. FP White Willow. (1447a)

62.024  Rhodophaea formosa 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. Elm hedgerows and bushes. FP On upper surface of leaves of elms, in a web. (1445)

62.018  Sciota rhenella 11mm Migrant. Apr–Aug. New to Britain in Kent in 2005. FP Black or White poplar. (1447b)

62.025  Dioryctria sylvestrella 16mm Very local. Jul–Aug. First recorded in Britain in 2001 in Dorset, but had been previously misidentified as a large D. abietella. Has distinctive brown dorsal blotch. Mixed pine woods on heaths, dunes, etc. FP Live bark of various pines, including Scots Pine. (1454b)

62.019  Pima boisduvaliella 13mm Rare. May–Aug. Coastal sand dunes and shingle banks. Probably a migrant on Shetland. Flies at dusk and to light. FP Pods of Sea Pea, Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Spiny Restharrow. (1453) 62.020  Etiella zinckenella 12mm Migrant. May–Sep. Migrant from S Europe, possibly also imported in Peas. FP Leguminous vegetables. (1451a)

62.026  Dioryctria schuetzeella 11mm Very local. Jun–Aug. First discovered in Kent in 1980. Mixed conifer woods. FP Spun needles of Norway or White spruce or Silver Fir. (1454a)

62.021  Oncocera semirubella 13mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Stunning. Two forms, one has white streak along leading edge. Easily disturbed in sun, flies at night. Chalk and limestone downs and sea cliffs. FP Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil and White Clover, in a web. (1441)

62.014 CMM

62.015 SR

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 174

62.014 RH

62.015 CMM

62.015 KT

16/10/2014 13:56

62.017 NS

62.018 NS

62.019 NS

62.020 CMM

62.020 CMM

62.021 CMM

62.021 NS

62.022 CMM

62.023 CMM

62.023 PGC

62.024 CMM

62.025 JSB

62.026 NS

62.024 OW

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 175

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176 

PYRALIDAE

62.027  Dioryctria simplicella 13mm Local. Apr–Sep. Smaller and plainer grey than D. abietella. Melanic form occurs occasionally. Pine woods and heaths with conifers. FP Scots or Corsican pine, in live bark. (1455)

62.034  Acrobasis repandana 10mm Common. Jul–Sep. Can be disturbed by day. Oak woods. FP Spun leaves of oaks. (1436)

62.028  Dioryctria abietella 14mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread. Conifer woods, heaths with pines. FP Shoots and cones of Scots and Monterey pine, larches, Norway Spruce, Noble and Douglas fir. (1454)

62.035  Acrobasis advenella 9mm Common. Jun–Sep. Throughout Britain in old hawthorn hedges. FP On hawthorns, also Rowan, in a spinning. (1439)

62.029  Phycita roborella 13mm Common. Jun–Sep. Oak woods, hedgerows, scrub, gardens. FP Spun leaves of oaks, also Crab-apple, pears, Hazel. (1452)

62.036  Acrobasis suavella 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. Blackthorn thickets and stunted bushes on downs and coasts. Recorded in Shetland in 2003. FP Leaves of Blackthorn or cotoneasters, in a silken gallery. (1438)

62.030  Hypochalcia ahenella 12mm Local. Jun–Aug. On dry, sparsely vegetated chalk downs, dunes, embankments, quarries. FP Possibly rock-roses. (1457)

62.037  Acrobasis marmorea 9mm Local. May–Sep. Hedges, scrub, woods, and especially near coasts in stunted Blackthorn bushes. FP Blackthorn or hawthorns, in small web-like piece of Sheep’s wool. (1440)

62.031  Epischnia asteris 14mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Comes to light. Rocky coastal limestone cliffs. FP On leaves of Golden Samphire, in a web. (1456)

62.038  Acrobasis consociella 10mm Common. May–Aug. Oak woods, hedges, parks. FP Gregarious on spun leaves of oak saplings, sometimes Hornbeam. (1437)

62.032  Nephopterix angustella 11mm Very local. Apr–Oct. Scattered in open woods, hedgerows, scrub. Two broods. FP Inside berries of Spindle. (1465)

62.039  Apomyelois bistriatella 9mm Very local. May–Sep. Comes to light. Heath, downs and scrub. FP In the fungus King Alfred’s Cake on burnt gorse or dead birch. (1486)

62.033  Acrobasis tumidana 10mm Migrant. Jul–Sep. Raised red scales at wing base distinctive. FP Spun leaves of oaks. (1435)

62.027 CMM

62.027 CMM 

62.027 CMM

62.027 CMM

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 176

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62.028 CMM

62.029 CMM

62.029 JSB

62.030 NS

62.031 CMM

62.032 OW

62.033 NS

62.034 CMM

62.032 RJH

62.035 CMM

62.035 JSB

62.035 CMM

62.036 NS

62.037 JSB

62.037 NS

62.038 NS

62.039 CMM

62.039 CMM

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 177

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178 

PYRALIDAE 62.042  Thistle Ermine Myelois circumvoluta 15mm Common. May–Sep. Could be confused with some Yponomeuta spp., but larger. Rough ground, gardens, parks, downs, grassland. FP Seedheads and stems of various thistles and Greater Burdock. (1458)

62.043  Gymnancyla canella 12mm Scarce. Jun–Sep. Variable. Comes to light. On sandy shores just above high-tide mark. FP Prickly Saltwort, in a web with trapped sand. (1464) 62.046  Eccopisa effractella 10mm Migrant. May–Aug. Woodland margins, hedges, scrub. FP Spun leaves of various shrubs and bushes. (1461a) 62.047  Assara terebrella 12mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Comes to light. Mature spruce woods. FP Cones of Norway Spruce. (1461)

62.048  Euzophera pinguis 12mm Local. Jun–Sep. Comes to light. Woods, hedgerows, farmland. FP Under live bark of Ash. (1470)

62.050  Euzophera cinerosella 11mm Very local. May–Aug. Rough ground and coastal habitats. FP Roots of Wormwood. (1469)

62.051  Nyctegretis lineana 9mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Comes to light. Shingle beaches and coastal dunes. FP In a silk tube underneath Common Restharrow. (1468) 62.052  Ancylosis cinnamomella 13mm Migrant. May–Sep. Recorded in Portland in Aug 2003. Originally from open rocky areas of S Europe. Flies in sun and to light. FP Stonecrop or Wild Thyme, in a spinning. (1466a)

62.042 JSB

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 178

62.043 MC

62.053  Ancylosis oblitella 10mm Very local. May–Oct. First colonised Thames estuary in 1950s. Comes to light. Saltmarshes, dunes and rough ground. FP Goosefoots. (1467)

62.054  Homoeosoma sinuella 9mm Local. May–Sep. Open, sparse, dry habitats such as heaths, downs, dunes, quarries, sea cliffs. FP Roots of plantains. (1481)

62.055  Homoeosoma nebulella 12mm Very local. Jun–Sep. Similar to Phycitodes binaevella but has fainter spots at ½ and ²⁄3, and outer ½ of costa is edged grey. Rough chalk and sandy areas and Brecks. FP Flowers and seeds of ragworts, Spear Thistle, Tansy. (1480) 62.057  Phycitodes maritima 10mm Local. May–Oct. Mainly coastal in S Britain. Very similar to P. saxicola. Needs gen det for identification, but larvae not striped. FP Flowers of Yarrow, Common Ragwort. (1485) 62.058  Phycitodes binaevella 12mm Common. May–Sep. Strongly marked. Open woods, wasteground, on chalky or sandy soils, especially coastal areas. FP Seedheads of Spear or Plymouth thistle. (1483) 62.059  Phycitodes saxicola 9mm Common. May–Oct. Mainly in coastal habitats on chalk or limestone, dunes, shingle, wasteground and inland heaths. Needs gen det for identification, but striped larvae distinguish this from the unstriped larvae of P. maritima. FP Flowers of Common Ragwort and other Asteraceae. (1484) 62.061  Vitula biviella 8mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Parks and gardens with pines. FP Probably in spun needles of Maritime, Corsican or other pines. (1478b)

62.062  Indian Meal Moth Plodia interpunctella 8mm Synanthropic. Jun–Sep. In food warehouses. FP Stored grain, dried fruits, nuts, etc. (1479)

62.043 OW

16/10/2014 13:56

62.046 RH

62.047 CMM

62.048 NS

62.050 NS

62.051 NS

62.048 CMM

62.052 CMM

62.052 CMM

62.053 CMM

62.054 JSB

62.055 RH

62.057 CMM

62.058 CMM

62.058 CMM

62.057 JSB

62.059 TT

62.061 NS

62.062 SR

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PYRALIDAE and CRAMBIDAE



62.063  Mediterranean Flour Moth Ephestia kuehniella 11mm Synanthropic. Year-round. Throughout in warm buildings such as flour mills, bakeries, granaries. Needs gen det for identification. FP Stored cereals, including flour, pasta, biscuits. (1475)



62.064  Cacao Moth Ephestia elutella 8mm Synanthropic. Year-round. Needs gen det for identification. Indoors in barns, warehouses, animal shelters. FP Among stored produce, in a web. (1473)

62.065  Ephestia unicolorella 9mm Local. May–Sep. Needs gen det for identification. Gardens, woods, parks. FP Probably dry vegetable matter, including Ivy. (1474) 62.067  Dried Currant Moth Cadra cautella 9mm Synanthropic. May–Oct. Indoors in warehouses with stored fruits, nuts, etc. Needs gen det for identification. FP Dried fruit, nuts, etc. (1476)

62.071  Pyralis lienigialis 10mm Scarce. Jun–Sep. Generally found inside barns and farm buildings. Declining. FP Stored grain and hay. (1416)

62.072  Meal Moth Pyralis farinalis 12mm Common. Apr–Oct. Widespread but usually found only inside stables, grain stores, mills, farm buildings, etc. Rests with abdomen turned up. FP Stored grain. (1417)



62.074  Large Tabby Aglossa pinguinalis 14mm Local. Jun–Jul. Widespread but declining in barns, outhouses, sheep pens. Runs rather than flies if disturbed. FP Hay refuse in barns, sheep dung. (1421)



62.075  Gold Triangle Hypsopygia costalis 11mm Common. May–Oct. Rests with wings spread or closed. Gardens, farms, woods. FP Dry vegetable matter in hay, thatch, dead leaves. (1413)

62.069  Anerastia lotella 12mm Local. May–Aug. Mostly on coastal sandhills around Britain, Brecks of East Anglia, sandy heathland. Easily disturbed by day, comes to light. FP Marram, Sheep’s Fescue, etc. (1432)

62.076  Hypsopygia glaucinalis 14mm Common. Jul–Sep. Gardens, scrub, farmland, woods. FP Decaying vegetable refuse, thatch, haystacks, birds’ nests, dead leaves. (1415)

62.070  Synaphe punctalis 9–12mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Seaboard counties of S England on heaths, dunes, saltmarshes, downland. Female is smaller and plainer than male. FP Feeds in mosses on the ground. (1414)

62.077  Endotricha flammealis 9mm Local. Jun–Aug. S Britain, easily disturbed by day from Bracken, gorse, etc. Woods, heaths, gardens, wasteground, scrub. FP Decaying leaves on the ground. (1424)

63 CRAMBIDAE A very varied family with 143 members, including 21 probable imports. Many are readily identified, such as the Crambus and Agriphila groups (known as grass moths), the china marks and Pyraustas, but the Scoparia/Eudonia group can be tricky. Wings vary in shape, size from 4.5–22mm, and posture between flat, extended or rolled. 63.001  Paracorsia repandalis 12mm Migrant. Apr–Oct. Rare migrant from S Europe. FP Dark Mullein. (1372)

62.063 SR

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62.064 RH

63.002  Loxostege sticticalis 13mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Has been recorded as far north as the Shetlands. FP Mugwort, Field Wormwood. (1368)

62.064 JEG

62.065 GMT

16/10/2014 13:57

62.067 JBH

62.069 NS

62.070 ? CMM

62.071 SN

62.072 CMM 

62.070 / SR

62.074 SR

62.075 CMM

62.075 CMM

62.076 CMM

62.077 JP

62.077 PGC

63.001 CMM

63.002 CMM

63.002 RH

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CRAMBIDAE

63.003  Pyrausta cingulata 8mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Mainly coastal on limestone or chalk. Flies day or night. FP Wild Thyme. (1367)



63.004  Scarce Crimson and Gold Pyrausta sanguinalis 9mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun, Aug. Formerly in coastal sandhills in N Wales and Lancashire, now restricted to Isle of Man and Ireland. Flies in sun and to light. FP Thyme flowers. (1364)

63.005  Pyrausta despicata 9mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Throughout on dry calcareous soils, cliffs, downs, dunes. Flies in sun and at night. FP Gregarious on leaves of Greater and Ribwort plantain. (1365) 63.006  Pyrausta aurata 8mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. On chalk downs, beside rivers, in gardens. Flies in sun and at night. FP Leaves and flowers of mints, including garden varieties, dead-nettles, Marjoram, etc. (1361) 63.007  Pyrausta purpuralis 10mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Similar to P. aurata but gold mark usually split into 3 and spread across wing. Flies in sun and at night. Chalk downs, dunes, beside rivers, in gardens. FP Leaves and flowers of mints, including garden varieties, Corn Mint, Wild Thyme. (1362) 63.008  Pyrausta ostrinalis 9mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Similar in looks, habits and distribution to P. purpuralis, but cross-band continuous, forewing costa slightly concave, hind wing black and white. FP Foodplant unknown, but probably similar to above. (1363)

63.009  Pyrausta nigrata 8mm Local. May–Oct. On rough downland in S England, also limestone pavements of Cumberland and Westmorland. Flies in sun and to light. FP Leaves of Wild Thyme, Marjoram, Corn Mint, Woodruff. (1366) 63.011  Uresiphita gilvata 15mm Migrant. Sep–Oct. Scarce, from S Europe and the tropics. FP Various low-growing herbaceous plants. (1369) 63.013  Nascia cilialis 12mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Inhabits fens, reedbeds, water meadows, marshes, mostly in East Anglia. FP Sedges, including Greater Pond Sedge. (1387) 63.014  Sitochroa palealis 15mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Flies by day and to light. Rough open ground, chalk downs, Brecks. FP Seedheads of Wild or Moon carrot, Fennel. (1370) 63.015  Sitochroa verticalis 14mm Local. Jun–Sep. S Britain on rough meadows and Brecks. Distinctive orange-yellow markings, undersides with strongly contrasting dark marks. Flies by day and to light. FP Perennial Wall-rocket and other herbaceous plants. (1371) 63.016  Anania fuscalis 12mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout in meadows, marsh, open woods, limestone grassland, moors. FP Flowers and seeds of Yellow Rattle, Common Cow-wheat. (1386) 63.017  Anania lancealis 17mm Common. Jun–Aug. Sexually dimorphic, male with distinctly long, narrow forewings. Damp woodland and marsh. FP Leaves, flowers and seedheads of Hemp Agrimony, Hedge Woundwort, Wood Sage, ragworts. (1377)

63.003 CMM

63.004 CMM

63.004 CMM

63.005 NS

63.005 CMM

63.006 PGC

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63.006 CMM

63.007 PGC

63.008 PP

63.008 PP

63.007 SD

63.009 PGC

63.011 DAG

63.011 DAG

63.013 NS

63.014 CMM

63.015 CMM

63.016 CMM

63.017 / CMM

63.017 ? CMM

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184 

CRAMBIDAE

63.018  Anania coronata 12mm Common. Jun–Aug. Easily disturbed from Elder in daytime. Gardens, hedges, scrub, woodland. FP Under leaf of Elder, in a web. (1378)

63.026  Sclerocona acutellus 14mm Rare. Jun–Aug. From central Europe, probably imported in reeds for thatching, now established on Isle of Wight. FP Common Reed. (1374a)

63.019  Anania stachydalis 10mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Similar to the more common A. coronata but has shorter, blunter wings with a hooked apex. Hedges, damp woods, ditches. FP Spun leaf of Woundwort. (1384)

63.027  Psammotis pulveralis 12mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. Scarce visitor to S England from marshy areas of Europe. FP Under leaves of Water Mint, Gipsywort. (1383)

63.020  Anania perlucidalis 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. First recorded in 1951 in Woodwalton Fen. Marshes, wet woods, ditches. FP Leaves of Creeping or Marsh thistle. (1380) 63.021  Anania terrealis 13mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Rocky coasts and hills. FP Under leaf of Goldenrod, in a web. (1379)

63.022  Anania crocealis 12mm Common. Jun–Aug. Common in the south, local elsewhere in rough, damp meadows, damp woods and chalky grassland. FP Common Fleabane, Ploughman’s-spikenard. (1385) 63.023  Anania verbascalis 11mm Very local. Jun–Jul. In SE England, mainly in coastal counties. Open wooded heaths, coastal shingle. FP Wood Sage. (1382)

63.024  White-spotted Sable Moth Anania funebris 10mm Very local. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Unmistakable day-flying moth scattered throughout Britain, often on limestone and rough grassland. FP Under leaves of Goldenrod, in a web. (1381)



63.025  Small Magpie Anania hortulata 14mm Common. May–Sep. Throughout Britain, less common in the north. FP Usually on rolled or spun leaves of Common Nettle. (1376)

63.018 CMM

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 184

63.019 CMM

63.028  European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis 12–14mm Local. Jun–Jul. First established in Britain in the 1930s. Now found in Thames Valley and south coast, reinforced by migration from the Continent. Sexually dimorphic. FP Stems of Mugwort, possibly Hop. In Europe can be a pest on Maize. (1375)

63.031  Rusty-dot Pearl Udea ferrugalis 10mm Migrant. Year-round. Throughout. Numbers swelled by immigration. FP Various plants such as Woundwort, Hemp Agrimony, strawberries. (1395)

63.032  Udea fulvalis 12mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Scarce migrant, also resident in Hampshire, Dorset, Isle of Wight. Similar to U. prunalis but browner. FP Cat-mint, Meadow Clary, White dead-nettles. (1389) 63.033  Udea lutealis 12mm Common. Jun–Sep. Throughout Britain on rough ground, downs, marshes, woods, etc. FP Various herbaceous plants, including Bramble, knapweeds, thistles, plantains. (1388) 63.034  Udea prunalis 12mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout, usually associated with Blackthorn in scrub, hedges, commons, gardens. Greyer than U. fulvalis. FP Leaves of various plants, including dead-nettles, Woundwort, Dog’s Mercury, Honeysuckle, Blackthorn. (1390) 63.035  Udea uliginosalis 13mm Very local. Jun–Jul. Easily disturbed by day, comes to light. Mountainous boggy, grassy ground, especially beside sheltered streams. FP Unknown. (1393)

63.020 KT

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63.021 IK

63.022 JSB

63.023 NS

63.024 PGC

63.026 KT

63.025 CMM

63.027 CMM

63.028 / CMM

63.028 ? NS

63.031 CMM

63.031 GMT

63.032 CMM

63.033 PGC

63.034 NS

63.035 NS

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 185

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186 

CRAMBIDAE

63.036  Udea decrepitalis 11mm Scarce. May–Aug. Pale with faint markings. Rests in sun, flies at dusk. Damp gorges and hills, edges of lochs. FP Under a frond of Narrow Buckler-fern and Lemon-scented Fern, in a web. (1391) 63.037  Udea olivalis 12mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout Britain in woods, hedgerows, gardens. Flies by day and to light. FP Leaves of various herbaceous plants, including Dog’s Mercury, Hop, docks, comfreys. (1392)

63.038  Mother of Pearl Pleuroptya ruralis 18mm Common. Jul–Aug. Throughout most of Britain. This micro is larger than many macros. Wings have a pearly sheen. FP Rolled leaves of Common Nettle. (1405)

63.039  Mecyna flavalis 14mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Resident and occasional immigrant. Easily disturbed by day, comes to light. Short-turf downland. FP Unknown. (1396)



63.040  Madder Pearl Mecyna asinalis 14mm Very local. May–Oct. South and west coasts on cliffs and along footpaths. Larval feeding signs are very obvious. Comes to light. FP Creates pale windows in leaves of Wild Madder. (1397) 63.041  Beautiful Pearl Agrotera nemoralis 10mm Rare. UK BAP. May–Jun. Resident in Kent, probable immigrant elsewhere. Comes to light. Hornbeam woods. FP Spun leaves of Hornbeam. (1410)

63.043  Diasemia reticularis 11mm Migrant. May–Sep. Striking but scarce migrant, possibly a former resident. From Europe and the tropics. FP Possibly oxtongues. (1402) 63.044  Diasemiopsis ramburialis 10mm Migrant. Jun–Oct. Striking but scarce migrant. From Europe and the tropics. Similar to D. reticularis. FP Unknown. (1403)

63.036 NS

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 186

63.037 NS

63.045  Mung Moth Muruca vitrata 15mm Adventive. Sep–Oct. Possibly imported in leguminous vegetables. FP In Pea pods. (1401) 63.046  Duponchelia fovealis 10mm Adventive. May–Jun. Probably imported on plants to garden centres. FP Feeds on a wide range of cultivated plants. (1403a) 63.047  Spoladea recurvalis 11mm Migrant. Sep– Oct. Scarce autumn migrant from the tropics. FP Pest on Maize, Beetroot. (1404) 63.048  Palpita vitrealis 13mm Migrant. Sep–Oct. Scarce migrant from S Europe. Wings shining translucent white, brown leading edge, several tiny black spots. FP Olive, jasmine. (1408) 63.049  Hodebertia testalis 13mm Migrant. A single record from Isles of Scilly in October 2006. FP Unknown. (1408a) 63.050  Dolicharthria punctalis 10mm Very local. Jun–Oct. Very long legs, rests with head up. Comes to light. Cliffs and beaches by the sea. FP Dead or decaying leaves of Bird’s-foot Trefoil, clovers, plantains, Eelgrass. (1399) 63.051  Antigastra catalaunalis 10mm Migrant. Sep–Oct. Scarce visitor from the tropics and S Europe. Similar long legs and resting position to D. punctalis. FP Snapdragon, Toadflax, Sesame, Figwort. (1400)

63.052  Rush Veneer Nomophila noctuella 13mm Migrant. Year-round. Can be abundant throughout, and can breed here. Variable. Long, narrow wings. FP Clovers, Knotgrass, etc. (1398)

63.052  Eggplant Borer Leucinodes orbonalis 10mm Import. From sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Often intercepted on imported fruit but cannot breed outside in Britain. One came to light in Suffolk in 2005. FP Aubergine. JBH (1411a)

63.039 DGG

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63.038 SD

63.038 CMM

63.040 CMM

63.041 CMM

63.043 CMM

63.044 CMM

63.045 DAG

63.046 DAG

63.047 CMM

63.047 CMM

63.048 CMM

63.049 DAG

63.050 CMM

63.051 CMM

63.052 CMM

63.052 CMM

63.052 JBH

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 187

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188 

CRAMBIDAE

63.054  Boxworm Moth Cydalima perspectalis 18mm Adventive. Sept. Asian species. Probably imported on foodplant. FP Box. (1409a) 63.056  Cynaeda dentalis 11mm Rare. Jun–Aug. On coasts of S England, including vegetated shingle, chalk cliffs, dunes. FP Stems of Viper’s-bugloss. (1359)

63.057  Garden Pebble Evergestis forficalis 14mm Common. Apr–Oct. Throughout Britain in gardens and allotments. FP Crucifers, especially Cabbage, Turnip, Horseradish. (1356)

63.058  Evergestis extimalis 12mm Scarce. Apr–Sep. Resident on Channel Islands, chalk downs of SE England and Brecks of East Anglia. Otherwise a migrant. FP Seedheads of crucifers, especially Perennial Wall-rocket, Charlock. (1357) 63.059  Evergestis limbata 10mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. First recorded in the Isle of Wight in 1994. Now established along the south coast on rough ground and hedgerows. FP Garlic and Hedge mustard. (1356a) 63.060  Evergestis pallidata 12mm Local. May–Sep. In damp open woods and marshes in the south, scarce in Scotland. FP Gregarious on crucifers, especially Winter-cress. (1358) 63.061  Old World Webworm Hellula undalis 9mm Migrant. Sep–Oct. Scarce autumn migrant from the tropics. FP Crucifers. (1360) 63.062  Scoparia subfusca 11mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout Britain, especially coasts. May be found by day on rocks, stone walls, tree trunks; comes to light. FP Roots of oxtongue, Colt’s-foot. (1332)

63.056 CMM

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 188

63.063  Scoparia basistrigalis 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. Similar to S. ambigualis but larger and darker, with slightly chequered fringe at termen. Woods, marshes, gardens. FP Various mosses. (1334a) 63.064  Scoparia ambigualis 10mm Common. Apr–Aug. Throughout Britain, in woodland in the south, moors in the north. FP Range of mosses. (1334) 63.065  Scoparia ancipitella 9mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Short-winged and pale. Deciduous woodland, mainly northern. FP Probably on mosses. (1335) 63.066  Scoparia pyralella 8mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout Britain, mainly on chalk and limestone downs, especially near the sea. Flies in sun and to light. FP Dead leaves of Ribwort Plantain. (1333) 63.067  Eudonia lacustrata 9mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout. Pale central band with distinct ‘X’ mark. Prefers open country. FP Mosses on walls and tree trunks. (1338) 63.068  Eudonia murana 11mm Local. May–Sep. Large size and white spot on thorax make this distinctive. Flies at dusk and to light. Rocky moors and mountains, mainly northern. FP Various mosses. (1339) 63.069  Eudonia angustea 9mm Common. Year-round. Widespread, often coastal, on dunes, shingle, woods, parks. Narrow-winged species often seen in late autumn. FP Mosses on walls and sand dunes. (1342)

63.056 CMM

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63.054 JP

63.057 CMM

63.057 CMM

63.058 SR

63.058 SR

63.059 DF

63.060 JSB

63.060 JP

63.061 NS

63.062 CMM

63.063 DAG

63.064 CMM

63.065 PGC

63.066 CMM

63.067 CMM 

63.068 RJH

63.069 CMM

63.067 CMM

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 189

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190 

CRAMBIDAE

63.070  Eudonia alpina 10mm Scarce. May–Jul. High mountains of Scotland, lower on Shetland where a very pale form occurs. Easily disturbed, flies in sun and to light. Narrow-winged. FP Probably on mosses. (1337) 63.071  Eudonia lineola 9mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Mainly coastal among rocks and scrub. FP On lichen, in a web. (1341)

63.077  Chilo phragmitella 12–15mm Local but widespread. May–Sep. In reedbeds mainly in S Britain. Sexually dimorphic – female is larger and paler than male. Both have very long labial palps. FP Stems of Common Reed, Reed Sweet-grass. (1290) 63.078  Friedlanderia cicatricella 12–18mm Migrant. Jun–Aug. Sexually dimorphic, female is larger. Very rarely seen, from Europe. FP Common Club-rush. (1291)

63.072  Eudonia delunella 9mm Very local. May–Sep. Widespread in ancient woodland. May be found by day on tree trunks. FP Lichens and moss on tree trunks. (1343)

63.079  Calamotropha paludella 12–15mm Local. Jul–Aug. In reedbeds. Sexually dimorphic – female is larger and paler than male. FP Stems of Bulrush. (1292)

63.073  Eudonia truncicolella 10mm Common. Jun–Oct. In woodland, scrub, heathland, gardens throughout. FP In a tube among mosses. (1340)



63.074  Eudonia mercurella 9mm Common. Jun–Sep. Throughout Britain in woods, scrub, moorland, grassland. Easily disturbed by day from rocks, walls, tree trunks; comes to light. FP Moss on tree trunks, walls, etc. (1344)

63.081  Crambus pascuella 11mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout in grassy areas. FP Fescues, moor-grass. (1294)

63.075  Eudonia pallida 8mm Local. May–Oct. Small and weakly marked. Damp grassland, sea cliffs, marshes and bogs. FP Mosses. (1336)

63.082  Crambus silvella 12mm Rare. Jul–Sep. On wet heaths in E Dorset, New Forest, Ceredigion. Sometimes wanders. Similar to C. pascuella but white blotch at end of streak is oval and extends to termen. FP On sedges, in a spinning. (1296)

63.076  Euchromius ocellea 10mm Scarce migrant. Sep–Oct, Apr–May. Usually in the south. White border with black spots on outer edge is distinctive. FP Grain. (1289)

63.083  Crambus uliginosellus 10mm Very local. May–Aug. Damp grassland and bogs. FP Carnation Sedge, Common Cottongrass, in a silk tube. (1297)

63.0761  Euchromius cambridgei 10mm Migrant. Jun. Two British records, in 2005 and 2014. S Continent species. FP Unknown. (1289a)

63.070 RJH

63.072 JSB

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 190

63.080  Garden Grass Veneer Chrysoteuchia culmella 11mm Common. May–Sep. Abundant in grassland throughout Britain. Flies day or night. FP At base of grass stems. (1293)

63.084  Crambus ericella 11mm Very local. Jun–Aug. Northern heaths and moorland. Flies in the afternoon and to light. FP Probably grasses. (1298)

63.070 SR

63.071 SH

63.073 KT

63.073 NS

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63.074 JSB

63.074 PGC

63.075 CMM

63.076 CMM

63.0761 BD

63.075 CMM

63.077 / CMM

63.077 ? NS

63.078 / JBH

63.079 / CMM

63.079 ? JSB

63.078 ? JBH

63.080 CMM

63.080 CMM

63.081 CMM 

63.082 CMM 

63.083 MSP

63.084 RPJ

Moths 2014 pp172-191.indd 191

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CRAMBIDAE

63.085  Crambus pratella 11mm Very local. Jun–Sep. Short-turfed grassland, heaths and dunes. FP Hair-grasses. (1300)

63.095  Agriphila geniculea 12mm Common. Jul–Oct. Throughout in dry meadows and coastal sandhills. Can be abundant. FP Short grasses, especially fescues. (1309)

63.086  Crambus lathoniellus 10mm Common. May–Aug. In grassy areas throughout, resting head down on stems. FP Grass roots and stem bases. (1301)

63.096  Catoptria permutatellus 11mm Scarce. Jul–Sep. Scottish mountains with pines. FP Probably mosses. (1310)

63.087  Crambus hamella 11mm Very local. Aug–Sep. Broad white streak has distinctive angled spike. Dry heaths. FP Possibly on Wavy Hair-grass. (1299)

63.099  Catoptria pinella 10mm Common. Jun–Sep. Widespread on wooded heaths and bogs. FP Among grasses, especially Common Cottongrass and Tufted Hair-grass, in a silk tube. (1313)

63.088  Crambus perlella 13mm Common. May–Sep. In any grassy habitat, often abundant. Pearly form is most common but form warringtonellus occurs in all populations. FP Bases of coarse grass stems. (1302)



63.089  Agriphila tristella 13mm Common. Jun–Sep. Can be abundant in tall grasses throughout. White streak splits into ‘fingers’. FP Bases of grass stems, in silken galleries. (1305)

63.101  Catoptria furcatellus 11mm Very local. Jul–Aug. Currently recorded in Scotland only, on mountains 400m up to 1,000m. Flies on calm days. FP Probably mosses. (1315)

63.090  Agriphila inquinatella 12mm Common. Jun–Oct. In dry short grass in most of Britain. FP Bases of grass stems, especially Sheep’s Fescue, in silken galleries. (1306)

63.102  Catoptria falsella 10mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread, mainly southern, among buildings, in gardens and woods, on coasts. FP Moss on walls and roofs. (1316)

63.091  Agriphila latistria 12mm Local. Jul–Sep. On dry heaths and coastal sand dunes. Single white streak extends full length of wing. FP Roots of grasses, especially brome grasses. (1307)

63.103  Catoptria verellus 8mm Migrant. Jul–Aug. Widespread on the Continent in woods and orchards. Similar to C. falsella. FP Moss on fruit and poplar trees. (1317)

63.092  Agriphila selasella 12mm Local. Jun–Sep. Widespread, often coastal. Similar to more common A. tristella but white streak is longer and brighter. Saltmarshes, bogs. FP Common Saltmarsh-grass, Sheep’s Fescue. (1303) 63.093  Agriphila straminella 10mm Common. Jun–Sep. Abundant throughout in grassy habitats. FP Stems of grasses, especially Sheep’s Fescue. (1304)

63.085 CMM

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 192

63.086 CMM 

63.100  Pearl-band Grass Veneer Catoptria margaritella 12mm Local. Jun–Sep. Locally common on boggy moors and heaths. Flies by day and to light. FP Mosses and cottongrasses. (1314)

63.105  Chrysocrambus linetella 10mm Rare migrant. Jun–Aug. Recorded in Kent in 1879, Surrey in 1896, Sussex in 1997. Grassland species from S Europe. FP Grasses. (1319) 63.106  Chrysocrambus craterella 10mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. Another rare grassland species from S Europe. FP Grasses. (1320)

63.087 PGC

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63.088 CMM

63.088 CMM

63.089 CMM

63.090 CMM

63.091 CMM

63.092 CMM

63.093 CMM

63.095 CMM

63.095 CMM

63.096 RH 

63.099 CMM

63.099 CMM

63.100 PGC

63.101 RJH

63.102 CMM

63.103 CS

63.105 RPJ

63.106 CMM

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 193

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194 

CRAMBIDAE

63.107  Thisanotia chrysonuchella 10mm Very local. Apr–Jun. In Brecks of East Anglia, coastal sandhills, cliffs, short-turfed grassland and chalk downs. FP Stem bases of grasses, especially Sheep’s Fescue. (1321) 63.108  Pediasia fascelinella 13mm Rare. Jun–Sep. Stable coastal sand dunes, mainly in East Anglia. Probably a migrant in West Country. FP Roots of grasses. (1322) 63.109  Pediasia contaminella 12mm Very local. Jun–Oct. On dry grassland, golf courses, heathland. Rests slightly head down. FP Grasses, especially Sheep’s Fescue. (1323) 63.110  Pediasia aridella 14mm Very local. Jun–Aug. On dry, coastal margins of saltmarsh, sand dunes, dry grassland. Rests slightly head down. FP Stem bases of Common or Borrer’s saltmarsh-grass, in a silken gallery. (1324) 63.111  Platytes cerussella 6–7mm Local. Jun–Jul. Brecks of East Anglia, on shingle or sandy coasts and limestone grassland. Female is smaller and paler than male. FP Roots of stiff grasses, e.g. fescues, Sand Sedge. (1326) 63.112  Platytes alpinella 10mm Rare. Jun–Sep. Has occurred as a migrant in Scotland and Shetlands. Mainly on coastal sandhills, sandy grassland and shingle. FP Possibly on mosses. (1325) 63.113  Ancylolomia tentaculella 15mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. Very rare migrant from S Europe. Two British records from Kent in 1935 and 1952. FP Stems of Cock’s-foot. (1327)



63.114  Brown China-mark Elophila nymphaeata 12–15mm Common. May–Oct. Throughout in ponds, canals, slow rivers, etc. A smaller, darker form occurs in New Forest and Dorset bogs. FP Larvae are entirely aquatic on pondweeds, Frogbit, bur-reeds. (1345)

63.115  Water Veneer Acentria ephemerella 7mm Common. May–Oct. Throughout in ponds, slow streams, etc. Female is usually wingless and remains under water after emergence, mating at the surface with winged male. Can be abundant at light. FP Canadian Waterweed, pondweeds, algae, in spinnings as much as 2m underwater. (1331) 63.116  Small China-mark Cataclysta lemnata 9–10mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout in ditches, ponds, canals. Distinctive black hind-wing margin with blue spots. Male bright and pale, female dull. FP Duckweed. Feeds from an underwater case made of foodplant leaves. (1354) 63.117  Ringed China-mark Parapoynx stratiotata 11–14mm Local. May–Aug. Sexually dimorphic. Female is 30% larger, and browner, than male. Found near ponds, lakes, canals, etc. FP Pondweeds, Canadian Waterweed, etc. Larvae are entirely aquatic. (1348)

63.118  Beautiful China-mark Nymphula nitidulata 10mm Common. May–Sep. Margins of ponds, lakes, streams throughout. FP Bur-reeds, Yellow Water-lily, etc. Larvae are aquatic. (1350)

63.119  Musotima nitidalis 8mm Naturalised. Aug–Oct. First seen in Dorset in 2009, now established. Probably arrived in ferns from Australia or New Zealand. FP Ferns, possibly Bracken. (1355a)

63.107 NS

63.108 KT

63.109 KT

63.110 NS

63.111 / KT

63.111 ? NS

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63.112 IK

63.112 SR

63.113 RPJ

63.114 / CMM

63.115 CMM

63.114 ? CMM 63.116 ? PGC

63.117 ? CMM

63.116 ? CMM

63.116 / CMM

63.119 RJH

63.118 CMM

63.117 / CMM

63.117 ? CMM

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 195

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196 

CRAMBIDAE, MIMALLONIDAE and DREPANIDAE

63.120  Schoenobius gigantella 18–24mm Very local. May–Jul. Sexually dimorphic – female is one-third larger, and paler, than male. In large reedbeds, especially at coasts. FP Stem of Common Reed, Reed Sweet-grass. (1328)

63.121  Donacaula forficella 18–22mm Local. May–Jul. Sexually dimorphic. Ditches, marshes, fens, bogs, ponds. FP Young shoots of Common Reed, Reed Sweet-grass. Larva makes a raft from part of a leaf to float to a new stem. (1329) 63.122  Donacaula mucronella 16mm Local. May–Jul. Sexes similar. Reedy ditches, marshes. FP Low down in stem of Common Reed, Reed Sweet-grass, Greater Pond-sedge. (1330)

64 MIMALLONIDAE This is a small family of around 200 tropical New World species. They are termed sack-bearer moths as the larvae form a case, or sack, of silk and leaves in which to rest before pupation. There is a single record of an American import, Scalloped Sack-bearer Lacosoma chiridota, in Yorkshire in 2006.

65 DREPANIDAE Hook-tips and lutestrings There are six hook-tips and 10 in the lutestring group, which was formerly treated as a separate family, Thyatiridae. Hook-tips have broad forewings with a hooked apex; lutestrings resemble noctuids, often with a tufted thorax.





65.001  Scalloped Hook-tip Falcaria lacertinaria 15–20mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Aug. Widespread in woods, heaths, scrub, gardens. Unmistakable. Rests with wings tent-like. FP Birches. (1645) 65.002  Oak Hook-tip Watsonalla binaria 13–18mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Sep. Oak woods, hedgerows, parkland, etc. Female larger than male. FP Oaks. (1646) 65.003  Barred Hook-tip Watsonalla cultraria 16mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Sep. Mature Beech woods or isolated trees on chalk. FP Beech. (1647)

65.004  Dusky Hook-tip Drepana curvatula 19mm Rare migrant. Aug. Seen rarely in SE England.

Similar to Pebble Hook-tip, but ‘pebble’ is faint. FP Birches, Common Alder, oaks in Europe. (1649)

65.005  Pebble Hook-tip Drepana falcataria 19mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Sep. Woods, heaths, gardens, scrub, mostly on birches, sometimes Common Alder. Pebble-like spot on forewing. FP Birches, Common Alder. (1648)



65.006  Scarce Hook-tip Sabra harpagula 19mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Only in mature woods of Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire. Previously thought extinct. FP Small-leaved Lime. (1650)



65.007  Chinese Character Cilix glaucata 11mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Sep. Unmistakable colour and pose. Looks like a bird dropping. Hedges, scrub, open woods. FP Blackthorn, hawthorns, Crab-apple, Bramble, etc. (1651)

63.120 / DGG

63.120 ? NS

63.120 ? SR

63.121 / CMM

63.121 ? CMM

63.121 ? CMM

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63.122 NS

65.001 / CMM

65.001 ? PGC

65.002 / CJS

65.002 ? CMM

65.003 DGG

65.004 JV

65.005 CMM

65.005 CMM

65.006 CMM

65.007 CMM

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 197

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198 

DREPANIDAE



65.008  Peach Blossom Thyatira batis 18mm Common. May–Jul. Cannot be confused with anything else. Open woods, scrub, gardens. FP Bramble, almost anywhere. (1652)



65.013  Common Lutestring Ochropacha duplaris 16mm Common. Jun–Aug. Open woods, scrub and heaths with birches. FP Mostly on birches, sometimes Common Alder, Hazel, oaks. (1657)



65.009  Buff Arches Habrosyne pyritoides 20mm Common. Jun–Aug. Open woods, scrubby grassland. FP Bramble. (1653)



65.014  Oak Lutestring Cymatophorima diluta hartwiegi 19mm Local. Aug–Sep. Mature deciduous oak woodland. FP Oaks. (1658)



65.015  Frosted Green Polyploca ridens 16mm Local. Apr–May. Can be common in mature oak woods. FP Oaks. (1660)



65.016  Yellow Horned Achlya flavicornis 19–20mm Common. Feb–Apr. Comes to light and sallow blossom in spring, occasionally flies in sunshine. Open woods and heaths with birch scrub. FP Birches. (1659)

65.010  Figure of Eighty Tethea ocularis octogesimea 19mm Common. May–Jul. White ‘80’ marking is diagnostic. Figure of Eight has similar mark but flies in autumn; Poplar Lutestring has less well defined mark. Woods, commons, parks, etc. FP Aspen and poplars. (1654)

65.011  Poplar Lutestring Tethea or 19mm Local. May–Aug. Slightly similar to Figure of Eighty, but more wavy lines (‘lute strings’) on forewings. Broadleaved woods with Aspen. FP Aspen. (1655)



65.012  Satin Lutestring Tetheella fluctuosa 18mm Local. Jun–Aug. Black crescent in centre of forewing and another on costa at outer cross-line. Mature broadleaved woodland and wooded heaths. FP Birches or Common Alder. (1656)

65.008 CMM

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65.008 CMM

65.009 CMM

65.009 CMM

65.010 CMM

65.011 scotica RL

65.011 PGC

65.012 CMM

65.013 Melanic CMM

65.013 CMM

65.014 CMM

65.015 CMM

65.015 CMM

65.016 scotica RL

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 199

65.016 CMM

65.016 CMM

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200 

LASIOCAMPIDAE 66 LASIOCAMPIDAE Eggars

There are 12 species in this family, one of which is probably extinct. Most are chunky, medium to large moths, generally in shades of brown, with females larger than males. Males have feathered (pectinate) antennae for detecting female pheromones.

66.001  December Moth Poecilocampa populi 15–22mm Common. Oct–Jan. In woods, scrub, hedges throughout. Unmistakable, especially given the flight period. Female is larger than male. FP Deciduous trees including birches, oaks, hawthorns, elms. (1631)



66.002  Pale Eggar Trichiura crataegi 15mm Local. Aug–Sep. Widespread in woods, parks, hedges, heaths. FP Birches, Blackthorn, hawthorns, oaks, heathers, Bilberry. (1632)



66.003 Lackey Malacosoma neustria 16–22mm Common. Jul–Aug. Open woods, hedges, scrub, gardens, coasts. FP Broadleaved trees and shrubs. (1634)



66.004  Ground Lackey Malacosoma castrensis 16–22mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Females very similar to Lackey, males differ. Saltmarshes and shingle. FP Saltmarsh plants, including Sea Plantain, Sea Lavender, Sea Wormwood, initially in a communal web. (1635)

66.001 CMM

?

/

66.003 / DF

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 200



66.005  Small Eggar Eriogaster lanestris 17mm Local. Feb–Mar. Decreasing. Pupates for 2 or 3 years. In hedges and bushes in open situations. FP Hedgerows of Blackthorn, hawthorns, in a communal web. (1633)



66.006  Grass Eggar Lasiocampa trifolii 22–29mm Very local. Aug–Sep. Local but common on coastal dunes and cliffs. Also on acid heaths in Dorset. Comes to light. Flava pale form at Dungeness only. FP Marram Grass, Tree Lupin, Bramble, Creeping Willow, etc. (1636)

66.007  Oak Eggar Lasiocampa quercus 30–40mm Common. Jul–Aug. Throughout on heaths, moors, downs and in woods. Males fly in afternoon sun, females at dusk. Very similar Northern Eggar (form callunae) flies slightly earlier in year. FP Heathers, Bilberry, Bramble, hawthorns, sallows, etc. (1637)

66.002 PAD

66.003 ?? CMM

16/10/2014 14:34

66.003 ? CMM

66.004 / CMM

66.004 ? MCM

66.005 CMM

66.005 CM

66.004 ? NS

66.006 CB

66.006 CMM

66.007 / NS

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 201



/

?

66.007 ? JV

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202 

LASIOCAMPIDAE, ENDROMIDAE and SATURNIIDAE



66.008  Fox Moth Macrothylacia rubi 25–30mm Common. May–Jun. Sexually dimorphic. Usually only females at light, males fly by day. No white forewing spot. Heathland, moors, dunes, damp meadows, open woods. FP Heathers, Bilberry, Creeping Willow, Bramble, etc. (1638)



66.009  Pine Tree Lappet Dendrolimus pini 30–40mm Local. Jun–Aug. Formerly migrant only, now established in pine forests near Inverness, Scotland. Female is larger than the male. FP Pines. (1639)

66.011  Small Lappet Phyllodesma ilicifolia 19mm Probably extinct. Apr–May. Formerly widespread but local, on moors and open woodland. Not seen since 1965. FP Bilberry. (1641)

66.012 Lappet Gastropacha quercifolia 35mm Local. Jun–Aug. Unmistakable. Hedges, open woods, thorny coastal scrub. FP Blackthorn, hawthorns, Buckthorn, Apple, on small, isolated bushes. (1642)

66.010  Drinker Euthrix potatoria 22–33mm Common. Jul–Aug. Sexually dimorphic. Distinguished by diagonal dark line to tip of forewing with 2 white spots. Mainly in damp situations on heaths, moors, grassland and open woods. FP Coarse grasses and reeds. (1640)

67 ENDROMIDAE There is only one British species in this family, the Kentish Glory, which was formerly resident in Kent, hence the name. Recorded in birch forests through most of Europe to the Far East. 67.001  Kentish Glory Endromis versicolora 30–35mm Scarce. Apr–May. Widespread in Europe but in UK now found only in Scottish Highlands in open woods and moors among young, well-drained birches. FP Leaves of young birches. (1644)

68 SATURNIIDAE Emperors There is only one British resident, but another has been recorded, although it is thought to have been captive bred. The family has a worldwide distribution of some 2,000 species, including the silk moths and the atlas moths, which have the largest wingspan of any moth of up to 300mm. 68.001  Emperor Saturnia pavonia 32–40mm Common. Apr–May. Widespread on heathland, moors, hedges, dunes. Unmistakable. Males fly strongly in sunshine to find freshly emerged females, attracted by their pheromones. FP Woody plants, including heathers, Bramble, Blackthorn, hawthorns, sallows. (1643)

66.008 CMM

/

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 202

?

16/10/2014 14:35

66.009 ? CMM

66.009 ? CMM

66.010 CMM              /

66.011 CS

        ?

66.012 CMM

68.001 / CM

67.001 CMM   /

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 203

? 68.001 ? CMM

16/10/2014 14:35

204 

SPHINGIDAE 69 SPHINGIDAE Hawk-moths

There are 18 species in this family, including nine migrants. These are mostly large moths with powerful flight; many of the migrants appear from as far away as Africa each year. There are two bee hawk-moths (with clear wings) and the migrant Hummingbird Hawkmoth which fly in daylight. The remainder fly at night, and some are attracted to nectar sources such as tobacco plants in gardens.

69.001  Lime Hawk-moth Mimas tiliae 35–40mm Common. May–Jul. Lowland woods, parks, urban gardens. FP Limes, also elms, birches, Common Alder. (1979)



69.002  Eyed Hawk-moth Smerinthus ocellata 40mm Common. May–Jul. Woods, parks, gardens, beside rivers. Exposes eye-spots on hind wings when disturbed. FP Willows, sallows, Apple. (1980)



69.003  Poplar Hawk-moth Laothoe populi 40mm Common. May–Jul. Parks, gardens, woods and heaths. Hind wing projects well beyond front of forewing at rest. Buff form is scarce. FP Poplars, Aspen, sallows, willows. (1981)

69.001 ? brunnea CMM

69.004  Convolvulus Hawk-moth Agrius convolvuli 55mm Migrant. Aug–Nov. Very large, regular migrant from S Europe and Africa. Often seen in gardens nectaring on tobacco plants at dusk. Early arrivals can breed here. Found anywhere, including Shetlands. FP Bindweeds. (1972) 69.005  Death’s-head Hawk-moth Acherontia atropos 60mm Migrant. Aug–Nov. Very large, scarce migrant from S Europe, Africa and Middle East. Can squeak if handled. Named after the skull-like marking on thorax. Found as far north as Shetlands. FP Potato family (Solanaceae). (1973)

69.001 ? CMM

69.001 / CMM

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 204

16/10/2014 14:35

69.002 CMM

69.003 / CMM

69.003 ? CMM

69.003 ? CMM 

69.004 CMM

69.005 Head detail JV

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 205

69.004 CMM

69.005 CMM

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206 

SPHINGIDAE



69.006  Privet Hawk-moth Sphinx ligustri 55mm Common. Jun–Jul. Calcareous woods, hedges, scrub, downs, gardens. FP Privets, Lilac, Ash, Guelder-rose. (1976)



69.007  Pine Hawk-moth Sphinx pinastri 40mm Local. May–Aug. Mainly southern in conifer woods and wooded heathland. FP Scots Pine and other pines. (1978)



69.008  Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth Hemaris tityus 22mm Scarce. UK BAP. May–Jun. Flies by day visiting flowers. Hind wing has a narrow dark border. Unimproved grassland, wet acid heath, chalk downs. FP Devil’s-bit, Small and Field scabious. (1982)

69.010  Hummingbird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum 25mm Migrant. Apr–Nov. Regular migrant that can breed here in hot summers. Adult can hibernate over winter. Regular visitor to flowers of garden Butterfly-bush etc., hovering to feed, looking and sounding like a hummingbird. Occurs as far north as Shetlands. FP Lady’s and Hedge bedstraw. (1984)

69.009  Broad-bordered Bee Hawk-moth Hemaris fuciformis 21mm Scarce. May–Jul. Flies by day visiting flowers of Honeysuckle, rhododendrons, etc., in woodland rides and heaths. Hind wing has broad dark border. FP Wild Honeysuckle. Young larvae eat distinctive rows of holes either side of central vein of leaves. (1983)

69.006 CMM

69.007 CMM

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 206

69.011  Oleander Hawk-moth Daphnis nerii 55mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Rare, from S Europe, N Africa. FP Oleander, Lesser Periwinkle. (1985) 69.012  Willowherb Hawk-moth Proserpinus proserpina 25mm Migrant. May–Jul. Only 2 UK sightings, in 1985 and 1995. From S Europe, N Africa. FP Willowherbs. (1984a) 69.013  Spurge Hawk-moth Hyles euphorbiae 35mm Migrant. May–Oct. Rare, from central and S Europe. FP Spurges. (1986) 69.014  Bedstraw Hawk-moth Hyles gallii 35mm Migrant. May–Aug. Scarce but regular visitor from S and E Europe. FP Bedstraws, Rosebay Willowherb, madders. (1987)

69.006 CMM

69.008 DF

16/10/2014 14:35

69.009 CMM

69.009 CMM

69.010 CMM

69.010 CMM

69.011 CMM

69.012 CMM

69.013 JV

69.014 JV

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208 

SPHINGIDAE and GEOMETRIDAE

 69.015  Striped Hawk-moth Hyles livornica 40mm Migrant. Apr–Oct. Regular breeding migrant, usually in the south. Thorax has 4 white stripes. FP Rosebay Willowherb, Hedge Bedstraw. (1990)

69.016  Elephant Hawk-moth Deilephila elpenor 32mm Common. May–Aug. Rough ground, hedges, gardens, open woodland, heaths. FP Willowherbs, bedstraws. (1991)



69.017  Small Elephant Hawk-moth Deilephila porcellus 21mm Local. May–Jul. Widely distributed but local. Can be abundant on limestone grassland in the south, also on heaths, chalk downs, beaches. FP Bedstraws. (1992)

69.018  Silver-striped Hawk-moth Hippotion celerio 35mm Migrant. May–Oct. Scarce visitor from N Africa. FP Grape vines, Virginia Creeper. (1993)

70 GEOMETRIDAE Geometers This is the second-largest family, with 302 species. The larvae of this family are the common denominator. They have only one pair of fleshy prolegs (others have four pairs) which means they move in a looping motion, rather than crawling like the larvae of other families. Most have broad, triangular wings with slender bodies, and rest with wings spread out flat, often with part of the hindwing showing. All fly fairly slowly at dusk or at night and come to light – except the Archierinae, which fly strongly in spring sunshine and do not come to light. Some of the Ennominae which emerge over the winter have flightless females, thus conserving energy for egg laying.

70.001  Ochraceous Wave Idaea serpentata 10mm Migrant. Jul. Rare resident on Jersey, otherwise a migrant. FP Unknown. (1697)



70.003  Bright Wave Idaea ochrata 11mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Aug. Very local on coasts, sandhills and golf courses in Kent. FP Grasses and herbs. (1696)



70.002  Purple-bordered Gold Idaea muricata 9mm Local. Jun–Jul. Stunning little moth, easily disturbed by day, also flies at dawn and comes to light. Scattered on damp heathland, marshes, wet meadows. FP Marsh Cinquefoil. (1698)



70.004  Least Carpet Idaea rusticata 10mm Local. Jun–Aug. Downland scrub, hedges, gardens, verges. FP On withered leaves of Traveller’s-joy and Golden Alyssum in gardens. (1699)

69.015 CMM

69.015 CMM

69.017 CMM

69.017 CMM

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 208

16/10/2014 14:35

69.016 CMM

69.016 KDR

69.016 CMM

69.018 CMM

70.001 CMM

70.002 CMM

70.003 CMM

70.004 CMM 

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 209

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210 

GEOMETRIDAE

70.005  Silky Wave Idaea dilutaria 9mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Only 3 colonies known: Avon Gorge near Bristol, Gower Peninsula in West Glamorgan, and Caernarfonshire. Looks silky, no fringe dots, only very faint central dots. South-facing limestone cliffs and slopes. FP Common Rock-rose. (1704)

70.006  Dwarf Cream Wave Idaea fuscovenosa 10mm Local. Jun–Jul. Hedges, gardens, wood edges, marshes, scrubby grassland. FP Unknown in the wild. (1705)

70.007  Isle of Wight Wave Idaea humiliata 10mm Presumed extinct. Jul. Formerly resident on chalk sea cliffs on Isle of Wight. Red-brown costal streak. FP Restharrows, speedwells. (1706)

70.008  Small Dusty Wave Idaea seriata 10mm Common. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Gardens, hedges, rough ground, easily disturbed by day. Could be mistaken for a pug. FP Withered leaves. (1707)



70.009  Satin Wave Idaea subsericeata 11mm Common. Jun–Jul. Paler, larger and commoner than Silky Wave. Woods, hedges, gardens, heaths, rough grassland. FP Unknown in the wild. (1709)



70.010  Dotted-border Wave Idaea sylvestraria 10mm Local. Jun–Aug. Dotted border and black dot in centre of fairly plain wings. Open heaths. FP Unknown in the wild. (1701)



70.011  Single-dotted Wave Idaea dimidiata 10mm Common. Jun–Aug. Damp woods, hedges, gardens, etc. Dark patch at centre of forewing trailing edge is diagnostic. FP Cow-parsley, Burnet-saxifrage, Hedge Bedstraw. (1708)



70.012  Treble Brown Spot Idaea trigeminata 11mm Local. May–Jul, Aug–Sep. Dark outer band on forewing, black dot on each wing. Woods, hedges, gardens, chalk downs. FP Withered leaves. (1711)



70.013  Small Fan-footed Wave Idaea biselata 10mm Common. Jun–Aug. Woods, gardens, hedges, etc. FP Unknown in the wild. (1702)

70.005 CMM

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 210

70.006 CMM



70.014  Weaver’s Wave Idaea contiguaria britanniae 11mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Heathery rocky hillsides only in NW Wales. FP Heathers, Crowberry, Navelwort. (1710)



70.015  Small Scallop Idaea emarginata 11–12mm Local. Jun–Aug. Damp woods and fens, damp heaths. FP Bedstraws. (1712)



70.016  Riband Wave Idaea aversata 15mm Common. Jun–Aug, Sep–Oct. Two forms, both common. Similar to Plain Wave but outer band is indented at margin. Occurs almost anywhere. FP Bedstraws, primroses, Dandelion, chickweeds. (1713)



70.017  Portland Ribbon Wave Idaea degeneraria 12mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Resident on Isle of Portland, Dorset, but otherwise a migrant. Warm limestone undercliffs. FP Feeds on various low herbaceous plants. (1714)



70.018  Plain Wave Idaea straminata 15mm Local. Jun–Aug. Outer band not indented at forewing margin like Riband Wave. Open woods and scrubby heaths. FP Knotgrasses and Dandelion. (1715)

70.019  Lewes Wave Scopula immorata 13mm Probably extinct. Jun–Jul. Formerly in Sussex, not seen since 1961. Warm, dry pastures in Europe. FP Low herbaceous plants. (1683)

70.020  Sub-angled Wave Scopula nigropunctata 15mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Breeds in Kent, also occurs as a migrant. Hind wings have a point, all 4 wings have distinct black dot. Open scrubby coastal grassland, open woods. FP Possibly Traveller’s-joy. (1684)



70.021  Lace Border Scopula ornata 11mm Scarce. May–Jun, Jul–Sep. Chalk and limestone grassland. FP Wild Thyme, Wild Marjoram. (1687)



70.022  Tawny Wave Scopula rubiginata 9mm Rare. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Resident on Breckland areas of Norfolk and Suffolk only, occasional migrant elsewhere. Easily disturbed by day. FP Knotgrasses and Dandelion. (1688)

70.007 CMM

16/10/2014 14:35

70.008 CMM

70.009 DF

70.010 CMM

70.011 CMM

70.012 DF

70.013 CMM

70.015 ? DF

70.014 NS

70.013 CMM

70.015 / PAD

70.016 CMM

70.016 remutata CMM 

70.017 CMM

70.018 CMM

70.019 NS

70.020 CMM

70.021 CMM

70.022 NS

Moths 2014 pp192-211.indd 211

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212 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.023  Mullein Wave Scopula marginepunctata 13mm Local. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Mainly on rocky coasts, where it can be locally abundant; scarce in Scotland. Also on saltmarshes. FP Mugwort, Yarrow, Marjoram, Wood Sage, etc. (1689)



70.024  Small Blood-vein Scopula imitaria 15mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread to Midlands, scarcer northwards. Roughly similar to Blood-vein but smaller and without pink. Gardens, hedges, woods and coasts. FP Privets, Honeysuckle. (1690)

70.025  Lesser Cream Wave Scopula immutata 13mm Local. Jun–Aug. Widespread. More rounded wings than Cream Wave, with distinct black dot on each wing. Breckland heaths and also damp grassland and marsh. FP Meadowsweet, Common Valerian. (1692)

70.026  Smoky Wave Scopula ternata 13mm Local. Jun–Jul. Heathland and moors, occasionally on limestone. FP Heathers, Bilberry. (1694)



70.027  Cream Wave Scopula floslactata 15mm Local. May–Jun. Widespread. Woodland and damp, scrubby grassland, hedges, gardens. FP Bedstraws, Woodruff, vetches. (1693)



70.028  Rosy Wave Scopula emutaria 12mm Local. Jun–Jul. Has a faint pink tinge. Can be abundant on saltmarsh edges at dusk but rarely comes to light. FP Possibly Sea Lavender. (1691)



70.029 Blood-vein Timandra comae 17mm Common. May–Jul, Jul–Sep. Damp woods, hedges, gardens, etc. FP Docks, oraches, sorrels, knotgrasses, etc. (1682)

70.023 CMM

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 212

70.024 CMM

70.030  Dingy Mocha Cyclophora pendularia 13mm Rare. UK BAP. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Found only in E Dorset and W Hampshire, mainly on damp heaths with isolated, scrubby willows. Similar to Birch Mocha but much greyer and more mottled. FP Small-leaved willows and sallows. (1675)

70.031 Mocha Cyclophora annularia 12mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Very local in mature maple woods. Unmistakable moth with yellow and chocolate markings. FP Field Maple. (1676)



70.032  Birch Mocha Cyclophora albipunctata 12mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Widespread, but more common in the south. Generally looks pinkish overall. Pale form, ssp. albipunctata, occurs in Scotland. Wooded heaths. FP Birches. (1677)

70.033  Blair’s Mocha Cyclophora puppillaria 14mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Scarce. Plain redbrown with faint discal spots. FP Evergreen Oak in Europe. (1678)

70.034  Jersey Mocha Cyclophora ruficiliaria 13mm Migrant. Jun–Sep. Resident in Jersey, first seen on mainland Britain in Dorset in 2003. Similar to False Mocha but looks greyer, with absolutely no outline to discal spots. FP Oaks. (1678a)



70.035  False Mocha Cyclophora porata 13mm Local. UK BAP. May–Jul, Aug–Sep. Scattered in S Britain. Freckled with orange but also discal spots. Open woods and heathland with low oaks. FP Oak. (1679)



70.036  Maiden’s Blush Cyclophora punctaria 14mm Local. May–Jul, Aug–Sep. Freckled with orange but no discal spots. Old oak woods; can be common in the south. FP Oaks. (1680)

70.025 CMM

16/10/2014 15:03

70.026 RL

70.026 NS

70.028 CMM

70.027 CMM

70.030 CMM

70.029 CMM

70.031 CMM

70.031 PGC

70.032 subroseata NS

70.032 CMM

70.032 albipunctata RL

70.033 CMM

70.033 CMM

70.033 CMM

70.034 KT

70.035 CMM

70.036 CMM

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214 

GEOMETRIDAE

70.037  Clay Triple-lines Cyclophora linearia 12–15mm Local. May–Jul, Aug–Oct. First brood orange or cream, 2nd brood smaller, pinker and with distinct dark-edged discal spots. Can be common in mature Beech woods, also garden hedges. FP Beech. (1681)



70.043  Chalk Carpet Scotopteryx bipunctaria cretata 17mm Local. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Widespread. Light grey day- and night-flying moth. Limestone and chalk downs, quarries, cliffs. Likes to bask on warm rocks. FP Trefoils, clovers, vetches. (1731)



70.038 Vestal Rhodometra sacraria 12mm Migrant. Apr–Oct. Usually creamy with pink-brown stripe. Could be confused with Straw Belle, which has freckled wings. Can breed in summer in UK, producing extreme pink forms. FP Knotgrasses. (1716)



70.045  Shaded Broad-bar Scotopteryx chenopodiata 18mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread on grassland, verges, heaths, dunes. FP Clovers, vetches. (1732)

70.039  Oblique Striped Phibalapteryx virgata 11mm Local. May–Jun, Aug. Found in scattered, varied locations: Breckland, chalk downs and coastal sand dunes. FP Lady’s Bedstraw. (1718)





70.046  Oblique Carpet Orthonama vittata 13mm Local. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Local but widespread in marshes, bogs, damp woods, water meadows. More brown than the grey of Oblique Striped. FP Marsh, Heath and other bedstraws. (1719)



70.047 Gem Orthonama obstipata 11–13mm Migrant. Apr–Oct. Regular migrant from S Europe and N Africa. Can breed in good summers but does not overwinter. Sexually dimorphic. FP Herbaceous plants. (1720)



70.048  Red Carpet Xanthorhoe decoloraria 15mm Local. Jun–Aug. High moorland and rocky, grassy hillsides, as well as dunes in Orkney and Shetland. FP Lady’s Mantle. (1723)



70.049  Garden Carpet Xanthorhoe fluctuata fluctuata 14mm Common. Apr–Oct. Ubiquitous, but especially in gardens and allotments. FP Garlic Mustard and other brassicas. (1728)



70.050  Balsam Carpet Xanthorhoe biriviata 14mm Local (alien foodplant). May–Jun, Jul–Sep. Very local in damp woods and along rivers and water meadows where balsams are established. FP Orange Balsam, Small Balsam. (1721)

70.040  Lead Belle Scotopteryx mucronata 15mm Local. May–Jun. Very similar markings, habitat and foodplants to July Belle, but slightly earlier flight period. Central dark spot tear-shaped. Acid heaths and moors, scrubby cliff slopes. FP Gorses, Broom, Dyer’s Greenweed, Petty Whin. (1733) 70.041  July Belle Scotopteryx luridata plumbaria 15mm Common. Jun–Aug. Better distributed than Lead Belle. Black spot more a dot and nearer 2nd cross-line than 3rd compared to Lead Belle. Acid heaths and moors, as well as shingle beaches and downs. FP Gorses, Broom, Dyer’s Greenweed, Petty Whin. (1734)

70.042  Spanish Carpet Scotopteryx peribolata 15mm Migrant. Aug–Sep. Resident only in Channel Islands on cliffs. FP Gorses, broom. (1730)

70.037 2nd brood NS

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 214

70.037 CMM

70.037 CMM

16/10/2014 15:04

70.038 CMM

70.038 CMM

70.038 CMM

70.039 CMM

70.039 CMM

70.040 CMM

70.041 BS

70.042 AC

70.040 CMM

70.043 CMM

70.045 CMM

70.046 CMM

70.047 / CMM

70.047 ? CMM

70.048 DF

70.049 CMM

70.049 CMM

70.050 NS

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216 

GEOMETRIDAE 70.051  Red Twin-spot Carpet Xanthorhoe spadicearia 13mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Aug. Widespread in gardens, woods, hedges, dunes, downs, moors. Central band is red, outlined with white, not as broad as in Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet. FP Bedstraws etc. (1724)

70.052  Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet Xanthorhoe ferrugata 13mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Widespread in gardens, woods, hedges, dunes, downs, moors. Central band is black (sometimes reddish black) with outer edge of band more deeply stepped than in Red Twin-spot Carpet. FP Herbaceous plants, including bedstraws. (1725)









70.053  Flame Carpet Xanthorhoe designata 13mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Widespread in woods, gardens, hedges, heathland and moors. FP Unknown in the wild. (1722) 70.054  Silver-ground Carpet Xanthorhoe montanata 17mm Common. May–Jul. Damp woods, hedges, gardens, heaths. FP Bedstraws, primroses, etc. (1727) 70.055  Large Twin-spot Carpet Xanthorhoe quadrifasiata 13mm Local. Jun–Aug. Damp old woods and scrubby heathland in central England. FP Bedstraws, primroses, violets. (1726) 70.056  Royal Mantle Catarhoe cuculata 13mm Local. Jun–Jul. Local on chalk downs, Brecks, limestone quarries and sea cliffs. FP Hedge and Lady’s bedstraw. (1736)

70.058  Many-lined Costaconvexa polygrammata 12mm Extinct as resident, occasional migrant. Apr–Sep. Formerly resident in Cambridgeshire, not seen there since 1879. FP Bedstraws. (1741) 70.059  Yellow Shell Camptogramma bilineata 14mm Common. Jun–Aug. ssp atlantica in Outer Hebrides. Unmistakable, though yellow can vary to brown. Flies in sun and comes to light. Woods, fens, downs, hedges, scrub, etc. FP Bedstraws, Cleavers, docks, sorrels, Wormwood, etc. (1742)

70.060  Small Argent and Sable Epirrhoe tristata 12mm Common. May–Jul. High moors and limestone grassland, upland woods and some lowland heaths. FP Heath Bedstraw. (1737)



70.061  Common Carpet Epirrhoe alternata 13mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Sep. Throughout. ssp obscurata in Outer Hebrides. Similar to Wood Carpet but outer white band on forewing has wavy grey line running through it. FP Bedstraws and Cleavers. (1738)



70.062  Wood Carpet Epirrhoe rivata 14mm Local. Jun–Aug. Outer forewing white band is wider than in Common Carpet and without grey line. Woodland rides, downs, sea cliffs, old hedges, scrubby downland, dunes. FP Hedge and Lady’s bedstraw. (1739)



70.063  Galium Carpet Epirrhoe galiata 15mm Local. May–Aug. Slate-blue-grey look, with concave forewing costa. Coastal cliffs and dunes, inland chalk grassland and open moors. FP Bedstraws. (1740)



70.064  Cloaked Carpet Euphyia biangulata 15mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Identified by double projection from rear of central band. Damp woods, ravines with streams, old hedges along damp, sunken lanes. FP Stitchworts. (1793)

70.057  Ruddy Carpet Catarhoe rubidata 13mm Local. Jun–Jul. Pink look is distinctive. Chalk downs, hedges, sea cliffs, field margins. FP Hedge and Lady’s bedstraw. (1735)

70.051 DF

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 216

70.052 CMM

16/10/2014 15:04

70.053 CMM

70.054 CMM

70.054 SR

70.055 CMM

70.056 CMM

70.057 CMM

70.058 DF

70.059 atlantica RPJ

70.059 CMM

70.060 / TT

70.060 / TT

70.059 CMM

70.060 ? CMM

70.061 obscurata RPJ

70.061 CMM

70.062 BS

70.063 CMM

70.064 CMM

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 217

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218 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.065  Sharp-angled Carpet Euphyia unangulata 13mm Local. Jun–Aug. Single projection only from rear of central band. Woods and old hedges in S UK. FP Unknown in the wild, possibly chickweeds or stitchworts. (1794)



70.072  Grey Mountain Carpet Entephria caesiata 17mm Common. Jun–Aug. Northern, on rocky mountains and moorland. FP Heathers, Bilberry. (1744)



70.066  Shoulder Stripe Anticlea badiata 17mm Common. Feb–Apr. Woods, hedges, gardens, etc. FP Dog-rose. (1746)



70.073  White-banded Carpet Spargania luctuata 15mm Scarce. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Colonies established in Kent, Sussex, Norfolk and Suffolk since 1950 in large woods with wide rides and clearings. FP Rosebay Willowherb. (1786)



70.067 Streamer Anticlea derivata 17mm Common. Apr–May. ‘Streamer’ in centre of forewing is diagnostic, with purple flush when fresh. Woods, hedges, gardens, etc. FP DogRose. (1747)



70.074  July Highflyer Hydriomena furcata 16mm Common. Jul–Aug. Throughout in almost any habitat. Extremely variable. Black mark at apex of wing is diagnostic. FP Sallows, Creeping Willow, Bilberry, heathers, Hazel. (1777)



70.068  Beautiful Carpet Mesoleuca albicillata 18mm Common. May–Aug. Unmistakable. Widespread but sparsely distributed in woodland and old scrub. FP Bramble, Raspberry, Dewberry, Hazel. (1748)



70.075  May Highflyer Hydriomena impluviata 15mm Common. May–Jul. Earlier flight period than July Highflyer, black streaks near apex of wing. Widespread in damp alder woods. FP Common Alder. (1778)



70.069  Dark Spinach Pelurga comitata 19mm Common. Jul–Aug. Note dark dot in centre of forewing. Rough open or disturbed ground, including urban sites, gardens, allotments. FP Flowers and seeds of goosefoots and oraches. (1749)



70.076  Ruddy Highflyer Hydriomena ruberata 15mm Local. May–Jun. Generally a northern species. Moors, heaths, bogs. FP Eared and Grey willow. (1779)

70.070 Mallow Larentia clavaria 20mm Common. Sep–Nov. Widespread in the south, on wasteground, marshes, gardens, road verges, etc. FP Mallows and Hollyhock. (1745)





70.077  Pine Carpet Pennithera firmata 15mm Common. Jul–Nov. Similar to Grey Pine Carpet but redder, deep ‘V’ notch in front edge of central band. Coniferous woods, especially in sandy or heathy areas. FP Scots or Corsican pine. (1767)



70.071  Yellow-ringed Carpet Entephria flavicinctata 18mm Scarce. May, Aug. Golden-orange markings are diagnostic. Northern, on limestone mountains and cliffs. FP Saxifrages, stonecrops. (1743)

70.065 DF

70.066 CMM

70.067 CMM

70.068 DF

70.069 NS

70.070 KT

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 218

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70.071 SH

70.071 OW

70.072 CMM

70.073 BU

70.074 NS

70.074 CMM

70.074 CMM

70.074 CMM

70.074 PGC

70.074 RPJ

70.074 CMM

70.074 BS

70.075 NS

70.075 DGG

70.077 CMM

70.076 / RL

70.076 ? RL

70.076 DF

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 219

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220 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.078  Chestnut-coloured Carpet Thera cognata 12mm Local. Jul–Aug. Mainly northern on moorland and rocky, lightly wooded hills. FP Common Juniper. (1770)



70.086  Broken-barred Carpet Electrophaes corylata 14mm Common. May–Jul. Centre cross-bar usually has a break. Woodland, parks, bushy areas. FP Trees and shrubs, including oaks, hawthorns, birches. (1773)



70.079  Spruce Carpet Thera britannica 15mm Common. May–Jul, Sep–Nov. Can look similar to Grey Pine Carpet but cross-band edges more irregular, often defined with white. Coniferous woods, parks, gardens. FP Conifers. (1769)



70.087  Purple Bar Cosmorhoe ocellata 13mm Common. May–Jul, Aug–Sep. Widespread in gardens, hedges, dunes, woods, heaths, scrub. FP Hedge and Heath bedstraw. (1752)



70.081  Grey Pine Carpet Thera obeliscata 15mm Common. May–Jul, Sep–Nov. Can be abundant in coniferous woods. FP Scots Pine, Norway Spruce, Douglas Fir, etc. (1768)



70.088  Netted Carpet Eustroma reticulata 14mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Very local in Lake District and N Wales in wet, shady woods by streams and lakes. FP Touch-me-not Balsam (but not Indian Balsam). (1772)



70.082  Juniper Carpet Thera juniperata 14mm Common. Sep–Nov. Noticeable dark dash near tip of wings. Chalk downs and gardens with junipers. FP Junipers, including cultivated varieties in gardens. (1771)



70.089 Phoenix Eulithis prunata 20mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread but in low numbers. Abdomen in male curls up at rest. Woods and gardens, especially near streams. FP Black and Red currant, Gooseberry. (1754)



70.083  Cypress Carpet Thera cupressata 14mm Local. Jun–Jul, Oct–Nov. Recent colonist, first recorded in Sussex 1984, now breeding in southern counties in parks and gardens. FP Monterey and Leyland cypress. (1771a)





70.084  Blue-bordered Carpet Plemyria rubiginata rubiginata 14mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread in damp woods and marshes, riverbanks. FP Common Alder, Blackthorn, etc. (1766)

70.090 Chevron Eulithis testata 14–18mm Common. Jul–Sep. V-shaped chevron in central band and whitish frosting are characteristic. Scrubby heaths, moors, woods, marshes, etc. FP Sallows, Creeping Willow, Aspen. Also Hazel, heathers. (1755)



70.091  Northern Spinach Eulithis populata 16mm Common. Jul–Aug. Inner central cross-band has no chevron, outer cross-band has 2 projections at rear edge. Upland open woods, moors and heaths. FP Bilberry. (1756)



70.085  Barred Yellow Cidaria fulvata 13mm Common. Jun–Aug. Unmistakable. Open woods, hedges, scrub. FP Dog Rose, Burnet Rose and cultivars. (1765)

70.078 DJP

70.078 RL

70.079 CMM

70.081 DGG

70.082 DF

70.079 CMM

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70.083 CMM

70.084 plumbata RL

70.084 CMM

70.085 CMM

70.086 CMM

70.084 NS

70.086 CMM

70.086 JV

70.087 CMM

70.088 CJS

70.089 CMM

70.089 JV

70.090 / CMM

70.090 / CMM

70.090 ? DGG

70.091 / CMM

70.091 / CMM

70.091 ? NS

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 221

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222 



GEOMETRIDAE 70.092 Spinach Eulithis mellinata 17mm Common. Jun–Aug. Outer edge of central band has single projection. Termen fringes chequered when fresh. Lowland moth of gardens and allotments, including urban areas, as well as woodland. FP Black and Red currant. (1757) 70.093  Barred Straw Gandaritis pyraliata 18mm Common. May–Aug. Wings held out away from body. Gardens, hedges, wood edges, cliff slopes, rough grassland. FP Cleavers, bedstraws. (1758)

70.094  Small Phoenix Ecliptopera silaceata 15mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Aug. Rests with abdomen curled upwards. Two forms; f. insulata has dark central band crossed with pale-marked veins. Most common in open woods but also verges, heath, scrub, gardens, etc. FP Various willowherbs and Enchanter’s Nightshade. (1759) 70.095  Red-green Carpet Chloroclysta siterata 15mm Common. Sep–May. Spring flight period for female only after hibernation. Variable colour. Narrower resting pose and smaller than Autumn Green Carpet. Woodland, hedgerows, gardens. FP Broadleaved trees, oaks, Apple, cherries, etc. (1760) 70.096  Autumn Green Carpet Chloroclysta miata 17mm Local. Sep–May. Female hibernates. Widespread but scarcer in the south. Larger, broader winged and paler than Red-green Carpet. Broadleaved woods, scrub, gardens, especially in uplands. FP Sallows, birches, Common Alder, Rowan, etc. (1761)

70.097  Arran Carpet Dysstroma truncata 16mm Local. Jul–Aug. Open moors of Arran and Hebrides only. Local form of Common Marbled Carpet. FP Heathers, Bilberry. (1763)

70.097  Common Marbled Carpet Dysstroma truncata 17mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Oct. In Scotland seen Jul–Aug only. Found anywhere in gardens, woods, grassland, moors, etc. Very variable. FP Varied trees and shrubs. (1764)

70.098  Dark Marbled Carpet Dysstroma citrata 16mm Common. Jul–Sep. Local in the south, common elsewhere. Variable markings, very similar to Common Marbled Carpet. Usually has longer, more pointed projection on rear of central band. In woods, heath, moorland, scrub, gardens. FP Sallows, birches, Bilberry, heathers, etc. (1762)

70.099  Beech-green Carpet Colostygia olivata 15mm Local. Jul–Aug. Woodland, moors and coastal cliffs, often on chalk or limestone. FP Bedstraws. (1774)

70.100  Green Carpet Colostygia pectinataria 13mm Common. May–Jul, Aug–Sep. Brilliant green when fresh but quickly fades to dingy off-white. Found in any habitat throughout UK but only 1 generation (Jun–Aug) in the north. Seen commonly at dusk. FP Bedstraws. (1776)

70.101  Mottled Grey Colostygia multistrigaria 15mm Common. Mar–Apr. Downs, heaths, moors, woodland. FP Bedstraws. (1775)

70.092 NS

70.093 CMM

70.094 CMM

70.094 CMM

70.094 insulata CMM 

70.095 CMM

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70.095 CMM

70.095 CMM

70.095 CMM

70.096 CMM

70.096 TT

70.097 / concinnata RL

70.097 CMM

70.097 CMM

70.097 ? concinnata RL

70.097 CMM

70.097 CMM

70.098 DGG

70.099 DF

70.098 CMM

70.098 CMM

70.100 CMM

70.101 CMM

70.101 CMM

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 223

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224 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.102  Striped Twin-spot Carpet Coenotephria salicata 15mm Common. May–Jul. Common in the north on rocky moors, open upland woods, sand dunes. Occasional 2nd brood. FP Bedstraws. (1753)





70.103  Water Carpet Lampropteryx suffumata 18mm Common. Apr–May. Thinly distributed in damp woods, hedges, ditches, high moors. Very similar to Devon Carpet, but larger, with inner edge of main forewing band double-notched at costa. FP Bedstraws, Cleavers. (1750)

70.109  Autumnal Moth Epirrita autumnata 18mm Common. Oct–Nov. Widespread in open mixed woods, heaths and moors. Silvery look and dark ‘V’ mark in central band help distinguish this species. Central dot is well clear of band. FP Birches, Common Alder, heathers. (1797)



70.104  Devon Carpet Lampropteryx otregiata 15mm Local. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Smaller and scarcer than Water Carpet but similar habitats of damp woods, fens, moors, etc. FP Marsh and Fen bedstraw. (1751)



70.110  Small Autumnal Moth Epirrita filigrammaria 15mm Common. Aug. Unlike the 3 species above, flies in Aug in northern upland moorland, and is smaller. FP Heathers, Bilberry, sallows. (1798)

70.105  Northern Winter Moth Operophtera fagata 8–16mm Common. Oct–Dec. Most common in central England, scarcer elsewhere. Male larger than Winter Moth, paler and silky looking, hind wings project beyond forewings. Woods, heaths, scrub, gardens. FP Birches, Common Alder, Beech. (1800)



70.111  Small White Wave Asthena albulata 9mm Common. May–Jul. Broadleaved woods, especially ancient woods. FP Hazel, Hornbeam, birches, wild roses. (1875)



70.112  Dingy Shell Euchoeca nebulata 11mm Local. May–Aug. Small plain sandy-brown moth that rests with wings upright. Damp woods, riverbanks, marshy areas. FP Common Alder. (1874)

70.106  Winter Moth Operophtera brumata 6–14mm Common. Oct–Jan. Common throughout UK anywhere near trees and shrubs. Male flies weakly even on cold nights, female is wingless and rests on tree trunks waiting for male. FP Broadleaved trees, some pines, heathers, Bog-myrtle. (1799) 70.107  November Moth Epirrita dilutata 18mm Common. Oct–Nov. This and next 2 Epirrita spp. are all very similar and very variable, needing gen det for identification. Woods, gardens, hedges and scrub. Central dot, if present, may touch front of central band. FP Most broadleaved trees and shrubs. (1795)

70.102 NS

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 224

70.103 piceata TT

70.108  Pale November Moth Epirrita christyi 18mm Common. Sep–Nov. Widespread in mature woods. Central dot, if present, is clear of central band. FP Deciduous trees, including oaks, hawthorns, elms, Beech Hazel. (1796)

70.113  Waved Carpet Hydrelia sylvata 12mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Similar to Welsh Wave, but cross-lines not black and lack black spikes. Rests with wings more widely spread than Welsh Wave. Damp woods, scrub, heaths, sandstone hills. FP Common Alder, birches, sallows, Sweet Chestnut. (1877)

70.114  Small Yellow Wave Hydrelia flammeolaria 10mm Common. May–Jul. Broadleaved woods, scrub, hedges, damp ground. FP Field Maple, Sycamore, Common Alder. (1876)

70.103 PGC

16/10/2014 15:04

70.104 PGC

70.106 / CMM

70.105 / NS

body

70.105 ? JV

70.105 ? CMM

70.105 ? PGC

70.106 ? CMM

70.106 ? CMM

70.107 / CMM

70.109 CMM

70.108 RL

70.107 ? CMM

70.109 RL

70.110 IK

70.111 CMM

70.112 CMM

70.113 CMM

70.114 CMM

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 225

body

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226 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.115  Welsh Wave Venusia cambrica 15mm Local. Jun–Aug. Black cross-lines with a pair of black spikes are distinctive. Moorland and open woodland. FP Rowan. (1873)



70.116  Blomer’s Rivulet Venusia blomeri 12mm Scarce. May–Jul. Locally common in damp woods with Wych Elm. FP Wych Elm. (1872)













70.117  Drab Looper Minoa murinata 10mm Scarce. UK BAP. May–Jun, Aug. Small, dull brown day-flyer in ancient woods, mostly on disturbed ground. FP Wood Spurge. (1878) 70.118  Brown Scallop Philereme vetulata 15mm Local. Jun–Jul. Chalk downs, woods and fens, mostly in S England but not the south-west. FP Buckthorn. (1791) 70.119  Dark Umber Philereme transversata britannica 16–20mm Local. Jul. On chalk and limestone downland, woods, scrub and fens. Male is smaller. FP Buckthorn, Alder Buckthorn. (1792) 70.120  Argent and Sable Rheumaptera hastata 18mm Scarce. UK BAP. May–Jun. Flies in sun in birch woods with low seedlings in England and Wales. Scottish race is smaller, living on boggy moorland. FP Birch leaves. Bog-myrtle in Scotland. (1787) 70.121  Scallop Shell Hydria undulata 18mm Local. Jun–Jul. Widespread, more common in the south. Unmistakable. Mostly in damp woods. FP Sallows, Aspen, Bilberry. (1789) 70.122  Scarce Tissue Hydria cervinalis 23mm Local. Apr–Jun. Scattered in hedges, gardens, parks. FP Barberry, including cultivated species. (1788)

70.115 DGG

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 226

70.116 CMM



70.123 Tissue Triphosa dubitata 23mm Local. Aug–May. Spring flight follows hibernation in groups in caves. Hind-wing margin is more scalloped than in Scarce Tissue. Woodland, scrub, hedges, acid heaths. FP Buckthorn, Alder Buckthorn. (1790)



70.124  Barberry Carpet Pareulype berberata 14mm Rare. UK BAP. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Very scarce, sometimes in tiny colonies on a single bush. Open hedges, wood edges, isolated bushes. FP Barberry. (1785)



70.125  Slender-striped Rufous Coenocalpe lapidata 15mm Scarce. Sep–Oct. Scattered on rough upland pasture and open moorland in central and N Scotland. Flies in sun, can be seen on plant stems at dusk, male comes to light. FP Unknown in the wild. (1780)



70.126  Small Waved Umber Horisme vitalbata 16mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. In bushy areas, limestone cliffs and hedgerows, on chalk soils. FP Traveller’s-joy. (1781)



70.127 Fern Horisme tersata 20mm Common. Jun–Aug. Southern, on chalk soils. Bushy areas, woods, scrub, hedgerows. FP Traveller’s-joy. (1782)



70.128  Pretty Chalk Carpet Melanthia procellata 20mm Common. Jun–Aug. Southern, on chalk soils. Bushy areas, woods, scrub, hedgerows. FP Traveller’s-joy. (1784)



70.129  Dentated Pug Anticollix sparsata 12mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Large pug with distinctive toothed, indented hind-wing margin. Damp woods, scrub, fens, marshes, riverbanks. FP Yellow Loosestrife growing in shade. (1863)

70.118 RL

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70.117 RW

70.119 / CMM

70.117 DGG

70.120 DGG

70.122 OW

70.124 CS

70.123 CMM

70.125 / CMM

70.126 CMM

70.128 SH

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 227

70.121 CMM

70.125 ? RL

70.127 PGC

70.128 CMM

70.129 CMM

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228 

GEOMETRIDAE 70.130  Chimney Sweeper Odezia atrata 14mm Common. Jun–Jul. Unmistakable. Flies in sunshine. Chalk and limestone downs, unimproved grassland and damp meadows. FP Flowers of Pignut. (1870)

70.131  Twin-spot Carpet Mesotype didymata 13mm Common. Jun–Aug. Found throughout in woods, moors, dunes, hedgerows. Males fly in afternoon sun. Always variable but twin spots are distinctive. FP Willowherbs, Bilberry, heathers, Red Campion, Cow Parsley, etc. (1809)

70.132 Rivulet Perizoma affinitata 13mm Common. May–Sep. Single indent in front of central white band. Open woods, chalk downs, road verges, hedges. FP Seeds of Red Campion. (1802)



70.133  Small Rivulet Perizoma alchemillata 9mm Common. Jun–Aug. Smaller than Rivulet, front of central white band has double indentation. Woods, marshes, downs, hedges, scrub, suburban gardens. FP Flowers and seeds of hemp-nettles. (1803)



70.134  Barred Rivulet Perizoma bifaciata 10mm Local. Jul–Aug. Can pupate for up to 5 years. Chalk downs, rough pasture, open ground. FP Red Bartsia seeds, occasionally Eyebright. (1804)



70.135  Heath Rivulet Perizoma minorata 9mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Flies in sunshine. Found in limestone hills, moorland and upland pasture in Scotland, N England and the Burren in Ireland. FP Eyebright seeds. (1805)



70.136  Pretty Pinion Perizoma blandiata 10mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Moorland and limestone hills in Scotland, machair in Hebrides and the Burren in Ireland. FP Eyebright seeds and flowers. (1806)



70.137  Grass Rivulet Perizoma albulata 11mm Local. May–Jul. Chalk grassland, coastal dunes. FP Seeds of Yellow Rattle. (1807)



70.138  Sandy Carpet Perizoma flavofasciata 13mm Common. Jun–Jul. Open woodland, mature hedges, downs and dunes. FP Seeds of Red, White and Bladder campion. (1808)



70.139  Barred Carpet Martania taeniata 13mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Uncommon, in damp woodland. FP Moss seed capsules. (1801)



70.140  Marsh Carpet Gagitodes sagittata 17mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Marshes, fens, wet meadows, riverbanks. FP Seeds of Common Meadow Rue. (1810)

70.141  Double-striped Pug Gymnoscelis rufifasciata 9mm Common. Mar–May, Jul–Aug. Widespread, with occasional autumn generation in the south. Woods, urban parks, gardens, hedges, moors. FP Many plant flowers, including Holly, Ivy, gorses, Broom, Traveller’s-joy, ragworts, heathers, etc. (1862) 70.142  V-Pug Chloroclystis v-ata 9mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Stunning bright green colour and strong ‘V’ mark are unmistakable. Urban gardens, hedges, scrub, open woods. FP Flowers of assorted plants, including Hemp Agrimony, Dog Rose, Elder, Bramble, etc. (1858)

70.143  Sloe Pug Pasiphila chloerata 9mm Common. May–Jul. Mainly southern distribution in mature Blackthorn hedges. Discovered only in 1971. Orange-brown band on abdomen is distinctive. FP Blackthorn flowers. (1859)

70.130 CMM

70.130 CMM

70.131 CMM

70.131 TT

70.131 RL

70.131 CMM

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70.132 CMM

70.133 DF

70.135 PP

70.136 CMM

70.137 CMM

70.137 CMM

70.137 CMM

70.138 CMM

70.138 CMM

70.139 MJH

70.140 RL

70.141 CMM

70.141 CMM

70.142 CMM

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 229

70.134 OW

70.143 NS

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230 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.144  Green Pug Pasiphila rectangulata 10mm Common. Jun–Jul. Parks, suburban gardens, hedges, woodland. FP Flowers of Crab-apple, Apple, pears, cherries, Blackthorn, hawthorns. (1860)



70.151  Foxglove Pug Eupithecia pulchellata 12mm Common. May–Jun. Throughout UK wherever foodplant grows. Outer edge of dark central cross-band kinked at costa, unlike Toadflax Pug. FP Foxglove flowers. (1817)



70.145  Bilberry Pug Pasiphila debiliata 10mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Very light green with dotted cross-lines. Heaths and moors where foodplant grows, especially when sheltered by trees. FP Bilberry. (1861)



70.152  Channel Islands Pug Eupithecia ultimaria 9mm Local (alien foodplant). Jun–Aug. South coasts where foodplant is established. Small grey-brown pug with prominent central spot. FP Tamarisk. (1855a)



70.146  Haworth’s Pug Eupithecia haworthiata 8mm Local. Jun–Jul. Light red-brown band at base of abdomen. Open woods, hedges, scrub and gardens on chalk or limestone. FP Flowers of Traveller’s-joy and cultivated clematis. (1813)



70.153  Lead-coloured Pug Eupithecia plumbeolata 9mm Scarce. May–Jun. Appears plain but with fine lines. Open woods and sandhills. FP Flowers of Common Cow-wheat, Yellow Rattle. (1814)



70.147  Slender Pug Eupithecia tenuiata 8mm Common. Jun–Jul. Dark blotches along forewing and distinct black dot. Damp woods, lakesides, ditches, marshes. FP Catkins of Goat, Eared and Grey willow. (1811)





70.148  Maple Pug Eupithecia inturbata 8mm Local. Jul–Aug. Found in mature Field Maple woods on limestone. FP Flowers of Field Maple. (1812)

70.154  Marsh Pug Eupithecia pygmaeata 8mm Scarce. May–Jun. Widely scattered localities in fens, grassland, sandhills, Brecks, marshes. Small dark pug without central spot but with white mark in trailing corner. FP Flowers and seeds of Field Mouse-ear. (1822)



70.155  Netted Pug Eupithecia venosata 12mm Local. May–Jun. Widespread. Unmistakable pug inhabiting chalk and limestone downs and cliffs. FP Seedpods of Bladder and Sea campion. (1823)



70.156  Brindled Pug Eupithecia abbreviata 12mm Common. Mar–May. Flies earlier than similar Oak-tree Pug. Can be abundant in oak woods. FP Oaks, hawthorns. (1852)



70.157  Oak-tree Pug Eupithecia dodoneata 10mm Common. Apr–Jun. Similar to Brindled Pug but smaller, paler and with narrower wings. Mature woods, hedges, scrub. FP Hawthorns, Pedunculate Oak. (1853)





70.149  Cloaked Pug Eupithecia abietaria 12mm Local (alien foodplant). Jun–Jul. Large, distinctive and scarce in mature plantations of Norway Spruce. FP Cones of Norway Spruce and other spruces, firs and larches. (1815) 70.150  Toadflax Pug Eupithecia linariata 10mm Common. Jul–Aug. Smaller, darker and ‘neater’ than Foxglove Pug, and with a later flight period. Chalk and limestone downs, verges, etc. FP Common Toadflax, Snapdragon in gardens. (1816)

70.144 PGC

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 230

70.145 PGC

70.145 PGC

16/10/2014 15:05

70.146 PGC

70.147 NS

70.148 PGC

70.149 DF

70.150 RW 

70.151 RW

70.152 KT

70.152 PAD

70.153 CMM

70.154 NS

70.155 CMM

70.156 hirschkei NS

70.156 CMM

70.157 CMM

70.156 CMM

70.157 CMM

70.157 PGC

Moths 2014 pp212-231.indd 231

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232 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.158  Juniper Pug Eupithecia pusillata 10mm Common. Jul–Sep. Variable, but white mark just beyond central black dot helps identification. Moors, chalk downs, parks, gardens. FP Junipers, including cultivated varieties in gardens. (1854)



70.159  Cypress Pug Eupithecia phoeniceata 11mm Local (alien foodplant). Aug–Sep. Unmistakable. Mostly parks and gardens. FP Monterey and Leyland cypress. (1855)

70.160  White-spotted Pug Eupithecia tripunctaria 11mm Local. May–Sep. Similar to Currant Pug but has 3 or more white marks along outer edge of hind wing, white mark on thorax and weak dark central spot. Verges, riverbanks, hedges, woods, fens, etc. FP In Jul on Elder flowers, 2nd brood in Wild Angelica and Parsnip seeds. (1835)



70.161  Golden-rod Pug Eupithecia virgaureata 11mm Local. May–Jun, Aug. Very similar to Grey Pug except for tuft of white scales on thorax. Open woods, wasteground, verges. FP Foodplant unknown for 1st generation, 2nd on flowers of Golden Rod, ragworts. (1851) 70.162  Dwarf Pug Eupithecia tantillaria 10mm Common. May–Jun. Not particularly small, despite the name. Strongly marked on costa with large central spot and dark band on abdomen. Conifer plantations, parks, gardens. FP Norway Spruce, Douglas Fir, etc. (1857)



70.163  Larch Pug Eupithecia lariciata 11mm Common. May–Jul. Similar to some other pugs but has prominent white tuft on thorax. Often melanic. Larch plantations, gardens, parks. FP Larches. (1856)



70.164  Fletcher’s Pug/Pauper Pug Eupithecia egenaria 11mm Rare. May–Jun. Very scarce, in ancient lime woods mostly in Wye Valley and Norfolk/Suffolk only. Large grey pug with elongated forewing spot. FP Flowers of Smalland Large-leaved limes. (1824)

70.158 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 232



70.165  Pimpinel Pug Eupithecia pimpinellata 13mm Local. Jun–Jul. Similar to Wormwood Pug but paler and greyer. Chalk and limestone downland and quarries, verges. FP Seeds of Burnet-saxifrage. (1845)



70.166  Plain Pug Eupithecia simpliciata 11mm Local. Jun–Aug. Saltmarsh, estuaries and tidal riverbanks, as well as disturbed urban sites. FP Seeds of goosefoots and oraches. (1842)



70.168  Narrow-winged Pug Eupithecia nanata 11mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Aug. Distinctive, on heaths and moors throughout. FP Heather flowers. (1846)



70.169  Angle-barred Pug Eupithecia innotata 12mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Distinct acute angle in pale cross-line outside central dot. Woods, hedges, parks, gardens, coastal dunes. FP Sea Buckthorn, hawthorns, Blackthorn, Elder, Ash. (1848)



70.170  Marbled Pug Eupithecia irriguata 10mm Scarce. Apr–May. Distinctive. Mature oak woods, especially New Forest. FP Pedunculate Oak. (1818)



70.171  Ochreous Pug Eupithecia indigata 10mm Common. Apr–May. Habitat is pine forest. FP Scots Pine. (1844)



70.172  Thyme Pug Eupithecia distinctaria 9mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Very local on hot, sunny sea cliffs, quarries, dunes. Small grey moth with bold central and forewing edge marks. FP Wild Thyme. (1843)

70.158 IK

16/10/2014 15:49

70.159 BS 

70.160 CMM

70.161 RL

70.162 CMM

70.163 CMM

70.163 CMM

70.164 NS

70.165 DF

70.166 DF

70.168 CMM

70.168 CMM

70.169 unicolor BS

70.170 CMM

70.170 CMM

70.169 fraxinata CMM

70.171 OW

70.171 PGC

70.172 LG

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 233

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234 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.173  Lime-speck Pug Eupithecia centaureata 11mm Common. Apr–Oct. Found almost anywhere in grassland, dunes, coastal marshes, verges, gardens, scrub. Unmistakable. Wings held well clear of body. FP Flowers of assorted herbaceous plants. (1825)





70.174  Pinion-spotted Pug Eupithecia insigniata 11mm Scarce. Apr–May. Occasionally in gardens and orchards, but mainly in hedgerows along ancient open lanes. FP Hawthorns, occasionally Crab-apple. (1820)



70.175  Triple-spotted Pug Eupithecia trisignaria 10mm Local. Jun–Jul. Name derives from group of central forewing dot and 2 dark marks at costa. Marshes, damp verges, damp woods. FP Wild Angelica and Hogweed seeds and flowers. (1826)

70.181  Valerian Pug Eupithecia valerianata 9mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Outer white zigzag and white mark at trailing corner of wings aid identification. Damp woods, fens and marsh, also limestone quarries at Portland, Dorset. FP Flowers and seeds of Common Valerian. (1821)

70.176  Freyer’s Pug Eupithecia intricata 12mm Common. May–Jun. Parks and gardens. Large, with conspicuous cross-lines, central forewing mark and dark belt on abdomen. FP Junipers including Common and exotics, cypresses. (1827) 70.177  Satyr Pug Eupithecia satyrata 10mm Local. May–Jun. Chequered black and white veins are distinctive, costa very straight. Mostly on upland moors and grassland, also sparsely on lowland heaths, downs, rough ground. FP Flowers of heathers, Cross-leaved Heath, Meadowsweet, Devil’s-bit Scabious, knapweeds, etc. (1828)

70.178  Scarce Pug Eupithecia extensaria 12mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Distinctive. Slightly similar to Narrow-winged Pug. Coastal saltmarshes. FP Sea Wormwood. (1847)

70.179  Wormwood Pug Eupithecia absinthiata 11–12mm Common. Jun–Jul. Dark marks on costa, large elongated central spot and black band on abdomen. Widespread, including urban gardens, open woods, grassland, coast marshes, etc. Local form on heaths and moors very similar. FP Asteraceae flowers, including Wormwood, Yarrow, Sea Aster, Michaelmas Daisy, Mugwort. Also heather flowers. (1830)

70.174 PAD

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 234

70.180  Bleached Pug Eupithecia expallidata 13mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Large, pale pug, dark marks on forewing costa, large central spot, dark ring on abdomen. Scattered, in woodland rides and coppiced clearings. FP Goldenrod flowers. (1833)

70.182  Currant Pug Eupithecia assimilata 11mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Widespread in gardens, hedgerows and open woods. Plain brown wing with dark costal marks, central black dot and bright white mark in trailing corner. FP Wild Hop, Black and Red currant. (1832)

70.183  Common Pug Eupithecia vulgata 10mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Widespread in gardens, hedges, woods, heaths, scrub. Melanic form is common. FP Leaves of sallows, hawthorns, Bramble, ragworts, Yarrow, etc. (1834)



70.184  Mottled Pug Eupithecia exiguata 12mm Common. May–Jun. Woods, scrub, hedgerows, suburban gardens. FP Hawthorns, Blackthorn, Dogwood, Barberry. (1819)



70.185  Campanula Pug Eupithecia denotata denotata 12mm Scarce. Jul. Plainish brown with central spot and curved costa. Chalk and limestone downs, hedgerows, wood margins. FP Seedheads of Nettle-leaved and Giant bellflower. (1836)



70.186  Yarrow Pug Eupithecia millefoliata 12mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Well patterned with wavy cross-lines and central spot. Rough coastal ground, dunes, shingle beaches. FP Yarrow flowers and seeds. (1841)

70.175 NS

16/10/2014 15:49

70.173 PGC

70.176 CMM

70.173 CMM

70.177 OW

70.177 PGC

70.178 RL

70.179 CJS

70.179 DF

70.180 RW

70.181 Melanic DGG

70.181 CMM

70.182 NS

70.183 CJS

70.184 NS

70.185 DF

70.186 CMM

70.184 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 235

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236 

GEOMETRIDAE

70.187  Tawny-speckled Pug Eupithecia icterata 13mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread in suburban gardens, hedgerows, open woods, grasslands. Large pug. Unmistakable in the south, with a tawny central patch. Northern form is more sandy coloured with wavy cross-lines. FP Flowers and leaves of Yarrow, Sneezewort. (1838)

70.188  Bordered Pug Eupithecia succenturiata 12mm Common. Jul–Aug. Rough, open land, verges, gardens, mainly in the south. FP Mugwort. (1839)

70.189  Shaded Pug Eupithecia subumbrata 11mm Local. Jun–Jul. On chalk downs, limestone cliffs, verges, Brecks, saltmarshes, open woods. Whitish look, costa very straight, tiny central spot. FP Flowers of various herbaceous plants. (1840) 70.190  Grey Pug Eupithecia subfuscata 11mm Common. May–Jun. Brown-grey with central spot and wavy cross-lines. Melanic form occurs regularly. Gardens, hedges, scrub, heaths, downs, woodland, from coast to uplands. FP Flowers and leaves of a wide variety of herbaceous and woody plants. (1837)

70.191  Manchester Treble-bar Carsia sororiata 12mm Scarce. Jul–Sep. Easily disturbed by day. Damp heathland, moorland and mosses. FP Bilberry, Cowberry, Cranberry. (1866)

70.192  Treble-bar Aplocera plagiata 20mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. First (basal) bar has rounded angle at forewing edge. In many habitats, including downs, moors, heaths, Brecks, sand dunes, sea cliffs, especially hot, dry areas. FP St John’s-worts. (1867)

70.193  Lesser Treble-bar Aplocera efformata 18mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. First (basal) bar has sharp, acute angle at forewing edge. Slightly smaller than Treble Bar. In many habitats in the south, including downs, moors, heaths, Brecks, sand dunes, sea cliffs, especially hot, dry areas. FP St John’s-worts. (1868) 70.194  Purple Treble-bar Aplocera praeformata 24mm Migrant. Jun–Aug European, only ever seen twice in the UK, in 1919 and 1946. FP St John’s-worts. (1869)

70.195 Streak Chesias legatella 18mm Common. Sep–Nov. Often wanders. Heaths, commons, downs, moors. FP Broom. (1864)



70.196 Broom-tip Chesias rufata 16mm Scarce. Apr–Jul. Heaths, commons, downs, moors. FP Broom. (1865)



70.197  Grey Carpet Lithostege griseata 15mm Rare. UK BAP. May–Jul. Breck districts of Norfolk and Suffolk. Foodplant requires recently disturbed ground. FP Seeds of Flixweed. (1871)



70.198 Seraphim Lobophora halterata 14mm Local. May–Jun. Broadleaved woodland. Variable but with a broad, dark cross-band near base of forewing. FP Aspen, Black Poplar. (1879)

70.187 cognata NS 

70.187 cognata RL

70.187 NS

70.188 NS

70.189 NS

70.190 PGC

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 236

16/10/2014 15:50

70.190 CMM

70.190 PGC

70.191 NS

70.192 CMM

70.192 CMM

70.191 PGC

70.193 DGG

70.194 CMM

70.195 CMM

70.196 NS

70.197 NS

70.195 NS

70.198 NS

70.198 PGC

70.198 NS

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 237

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238 

GEOMETRIDAE 70.199  Small Seraphim Pterapherapteryx sexalata 10mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Two generations in the south, later flight period in the north. Damp woods and fens. FP Sallows. (1882)

70.200  Yellow-barred Brindle Acasis viretata 13mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Two broods in the south, earlier flight period in the north. Green when fresh, which can fade to yellow. Broadleaved woods, hedges, gardens. FP Holly, Ivy, Wild Privet, Dogwood, Guelder-rose, hawthorns. (1883)

70.201  Barred Tooth-striped Trichopteryx polycommata 15mm Scarce. UK BAP. Mar–Apr. Can be found by torchlight resting on foodplant. Chalk downs, as well as Brecks and limestone hills. FP Wild Privet. (1880)



70.202  Early Tooth-striped Trichopteryx carpinata 15mm Common. Apr–May. Plain pale sandy or grey moth, sometimes pale green. Deciduous woodland, scrubby heaths. FP Honeysuckle, birches, sallows, Common Alder. (1881)





70.203  Orange Underwing Archiearis parthenias 17mm Widespread but local. Mar–Apr. Flies in sunshine around tops of birch trees in spring before leaves develop. Heaths and birch scrub. FP Birches. (1661) 70.204  Light Orange Underwing Archiearis notha 17mm Scarce. Mar–Apr. As Orange Underwing but in mature Aspen woods. FP Aspen. (1662)



70.205  Magpie Moth Abraxas grossulariata 20mm Common. Jun–Aug. Abundant on heathers in the Outer Hebrides, where it flies by day. Woodland, gardens, parks, hedges. FP Heathers in the north, many small trees and shrubs elsewhere. (1884)



70.206  Clouded Magpie Abraxas sylvata 20mm Local. May–Jul. Scattered in woodland, parks. FP Elms. (1885)



70.207  Clouded Border Lomaspilis marginata 13mm Common. May–Jul, Aug. Woods, commons, heaths, fens. FP Aspen, sallows, poplars, willows. (1887)



70.208  Scorched Carpet Ligdia adustata 13mm Local. May–Jun, Aug. Woods, hedges, scrub, gardens. FP Spindle. (1888)

70.209  Ringed Border Stegania cararia 13mm Migrant. Jul. Very rare migrant from Europe in damp forested areas, first recorded in Jersey in 1981. FP Poplars. (1888b) 70.210  Dorset Cream Wave Stegania trimaculata 13mm Migrant. May–Sep. Very rare migrant from Europe, first seen in Dorset in 1978. FP Poplars. (1888a)

70.199 CMM

70.199 CMM

70.201 SH

70.200 CMM

70.200 CMM

70.202 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 238

16/10/2014 15:58

70.202 CMM

70.202 CMM

70.203 / CMM

70.203 CMM

70.204 ? CMM

70.204 CMM

70.205 CMM

70.202 CMM

.

70.203 ? CMM 

70.203 Pair DGG

70.205 CMM

70.206 CMM

70.207 CMM

70.208 CMM

70.209 NS

70.210 IK

70.210 RPJ

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 239

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240 

GEOMETRIDAE

70.211  Peacock Moth Macaria notata 15mm Local. May–Jul, Jul–Aug. Similar to Sharpangled Peacock but more sandy coloured, larger central ‘paw’ mark, outer edge concavity dark-edged, not solid, and hind-wing edge lined rather than dotted. Open birch woods and heaths. FP Birches. (1889) 70.212  Sharp-angled Peacock Macaria alternata 14mm Local. May–Jul, Aug. Can be frequent in the south and south-west. Similar to Peacock Moth but slightly smaller, greyer, smaller ‘paw print’, solid dark outer concavity, dotted hind-wing border. FP Sallows, willows, Blackthorn, Common Alder, Sea Buckthorn. (1890) 70.213  Dusky Peacock Macaria signaria 13mm Migrant. May–Jul. Scarce migrant from coniferous woods in Europe. FP Norway Spruce, Scots Pine, etc. (1891)





70.214  Tawny-barred Angle Macaria liturata 16mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Occasional dark form nigrofulvata. Throughout in pine woods, parks, urban situations. FP Scots Pine, Norway Spruce, etc. (1893) 70.215 V-Moth Macaria wauaria 15mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Declining. In gardens, orchards, allotments. FP Red and Black currant, Gooseberry. (1897) 70.216  Netted Mountain Moth Macaria carbonaria 11mm Rare. UK BAP. Apr–Jun. Day-flying moth found only in central Scottish Highlands. FP Bearberry. (1895)

70.217  Rannoch Looper Macaria brunneata 12mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Resident in central Scotland in open pine and birch woodland. Southern UK sightings are of scattered migrants. Similar to Dingy Shell but unlikely to be found in the same habitat. Flies by day and to light. FP Bilberry, possibly Cowberry. (1896)



70.218  Latticed Heath Chiasmia clathrata 13mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Sep. Rests with wings up like a butterfly. Very crisply marked, with dark veins. Open grassland, gardens, heathland, moors, open woods. FP Lucerne, clovers, trefoils. (1894)

70.219  Tamarisk Peacock Chiasmia aestimaria 11mm Migrant. Apr–May, Aug–Oct. Scarce migrant from SE Europe, first recorded here in 2004. FP Tamarisk. (1894a) 70.220  Frosted Yellow Isturgia limbaria 12mm Extinct. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Extinct resident not seen for a century. Orange upper wings with brown borders. In stands of mature Broom. FP Broom. (1899)

70.221  Little Thorn Cepphis advenaria 14mm Scarce. May–Jun. Rests with wings up. Open woods, scrub. FP Bilberry, but also occurs where this is absent so must have alternative foodplants. (1901)



70.222  Brown Silver-line Petrophora chlorosata 17mm Common. May–Jun. Common, sometimes abundant, in woods, heaths, commons, etc., wherever there is Bracken. FP Bracken. (1902)



70.223  Barred Umber Plagodis pulveraria 18–20mm Local. May–Jun. Ancient broadleaved woodland, mainly in the south. FP Hazel, also birches, sallows, hawthorns. (1903)



70.224  Scorched Wing Plagodis dolabraria 17mm Local. May–Jun. Unmistakable. Male’s abdomen curls up at rest. Broadleaved woods, parks, scrub. FP Oaks, birches, sallows, Beech, Sweet Chestnut. (1904)

70.211 CMM

70.212 CMM

70.213 CS

70.214 nigrofulvata PAD

70.214 nigrofulvata CMM

70.214 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 240

16/10/2014 15:50

70.216 DGG

70.216 SR

70.214 CMM

70.215 CMM

70.217 / CMM 

70.218 CMM

70.218 CMM

70.217 ? CMM

70.219 MC

70.220 NS

70.222 CMM

70.221 Pair DGG

70.221 / CMM

70.223 / CMM

70.223 ? CMM

70.224 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 241

16/10/2014 15:50

242 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.225  Horse Chestnut Pachycnemia hippocastanaria 15mm Scarce. Apr–May, Aug. Can be abundant on southern lowland heaths and (at least in Dorset) in almost any month of the year. FP Heathers, Cross-leaved Heath. (1905)



70.231  Lilac Beauty Apeira syringaria 20mm Local. Jun–Jul. Unmistakable, with lilac markings and curled (not flat) forewings. Woodland rides and clearings, wooded heaths, gardens. FP Honeysuckle, Wild Privet, Ash. (1910)



70.226  Brimstone Moth Opisthograptis luteolata 18mm Common. Apr–Oct. Unmistakable. Widespread in woods, hedges, gardens, scrub, heaths and downs. Three broods in the south, 1 in the north. FP Blackthorn, hawthorns, Bullace, Rowan. (1906)



70.232  Large Thorn Ennomos autumnaria 20–25mm Scarce. Sep–Oct. Larger than other thorns, with wings held up. Broadleaved woods, scrub, gardens. FP Various trees, including birches, oaks, Sycamore, Hazel, hawthorns. (1911)



70.227  Bordered Beauty Epione repandaria 15mm Common. Jul–Sep. Damp woods, fens and marsh. FP Sallows, Grey Willow, Common Alder, Hazel. (1907)



70.228  Dark Bordered Beauty Epione vespertaria 13mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Flies by day and to light. Open scrubby grassland and heath. FP On low Aspens in Scotland, Creeping Willow in England. (1908)

70.233  August Thorn Ennomos quercinaria 19–22mm Local. Aug–Sep. Wings held nearly flat. Outer cross-line on forewing kinked near leading edge, and faint central mark. Woods, gardens, parks and downs. FP Various trees, including birches, oaks, Beech, hawthorns. (1912)



70.229  Speckled Yellow Pseudopanthera macularia 14mm Common. May–Jun. Flies in sun. Open woodland and heaths. FP Wood Sage. (1909)

70.234  Canary-shouldered Thorn Ennomos alniaria 19mm Common. Jul–Oct. Unmistakable yellow shoulders and thorax. Woods, parks, gardens, scrub. FP Various trees, including birches, sallows, Common Alder, limes. (1913)

70.230  Orange Moth Angerona prunaria 25mm Local. Jun–Jul. Two forms are equally distributed. Woodland, old hedges and wooded heaths. FP Woody plants and shrubs, including heathers, Traveller’s-joy, Broom, Blackthorn. Overwinters disguised as a twig. (1924)

70.235  Dusky Thorn Ennomos fuscantaria 19mm Common. Jul–Oct. Anywhere with Ash trees, including urban areas. Dusky shading from outer cross-line, which is not kinked. FP Ash. (1914)

70.225 CMM

70.225 CMM

70.226 CMM 

70.228 / CMM 

70.228 ? NS 

70.226 CMM 

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 242

16/10/2014 15:50

70.227 CMM

70.229 CMM

70.230 corylaria TJN

70.230 CMM

70.229 CMM

70.231 BS

70.231 CMM

70.232 / JV

70.232 ? JV

70.233 / CMM

70.234 CMM

70.233 ? CMM 

70.233 ? CMM 

70.234 CMM

70.235 CMM

70.235 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 243

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244 

GEOMETRIDAE

70.236  September Thorn Ennomos erosaria 17mm Common. Jul–Oct. Appears earlier than August Thorn. Well distributed in woods, parks, gardens in the south, local in the north. Plainer and paler than August Thorn and without central dot. Outer cross-line not kinked. FP Oaks, birches, limes, Beech. (1915)

70.237  Early Thorn Selenia dentaria 17–20mm Common. Feb–May, Aug–Sep. Common throughout in woods, parks, gardens, hedges. Having wings upright and pressed together is unique among thorns. FP Broadleaved woody trees and shrubs. (1917)



70.238  Lunar Thorn Selenia lunularia 20mm Local. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Similar resting posture to Purple Thorn, with slightly curled wings forming a bowl shape. Deep moon-shaped scallops on outer edge of hind wing and no black dot on upper side of hind wing beyond silver crescent. Open wood and scrub. FP Oaks, Ash, birches, elms, Dog Rose, etc. (1918) 70.239  Purple Thorn Selenia tetralunaria 18–21mm Common. Apr–May, Jul–Aug. Similar posture to Lunar Thorn, has dark spot in centre of less scalloped hind wing, outer forewing cross-line bowed in. Woods, scrub, heaths, gardens. FP Hazel, birches, oaks, hawthorns, etc. (1919)

70.236 SD 

70.238 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 244

70.240  Scalloped Hazel Odontopera bidentata 22mm Common. May–Jun. Common throughout in woods, parks, gardens, heaths, etc. Similar to Scalloped Oak, but has deeply scalloped wing margins. Central dot is dark-edged, not solid. FP Woody plants and trees, both broadleaved and conifers. (1920)

70.237 CMM

70.241  Scalloped Oak Crocallis elinguaria 20mm Common. Jul–Aug. Woods, hedges, parks, gardens, etc. FP Woody plants and trees, broadleaved only. (1921)

70.242  Dusky Scalloped Oak Crocallis dardoinaria 23mm Migrant. Jun–Sep. Scarce resident on Channel Islands, migrant elsewhere. Similar markings (different ground colour) to Scalloped Oak but dark central spot is fragmented. FP Feeds on Broom and gorses. (1921a)

70.243  Swallow-tailed Moth Ourapteryx sambucaria 28mm Common. Jun–Sep. Woods, parks, scrub, gardens, including urban areas. FP Various trees and shrubs, including Ivy. (1922)

70.237 CMM

70.238 SR

16/10/2014 15:50

70.239 Spring CMM 

70.239 ? summer NS 

70.240 CMM

70.240 CMM 

70.240 CMM

70.241 CMM

70.242 ? (left), / (right) DW 

70.243 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 245

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246 

GEOMETRIDAE

70.244  Feathered Thorn Colotois pennaria 22–25mm Common. Sep–Dec. Common in autumn, in woodland. Variable markings but always with 2 cross-lines and slightly hooked wing tip. Often with small silvery spot near wing tip. Male has feathered antennae. FP Broadleaved trees. (1923)

70.245  March Moth Alsophila aescularia 9–17mm Common. Feb–Apr. Male flies in early spring, female is wingless. Wings overlap at rest. In most wooded land, including urban parks and gardens. FP Various broadleaved trees and shrubs. (1663)



70.246  Small Brindled Beauty Apocheima hispidaria 12–17mm Local. Feb–Mar. Female wingless. Male has a very hairy thorax. Old oak woods. FP Oaks and some other trees. (1925)



70.247  Pale Brindled Beauty Phigalia pilosaria 12–21mm Common. Mar. Female wingless. Melanic form occurs. Woods, parks, gardens, including urban areas. FP Various trees and shrubs. (1926)

70.244 / NS

70.245 / NS 

body

70.246 NS / body

?

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 246



70.248  Brindled Beauty Lycia hirtaria 22mm Common. Mar–May. Female does have wings. Melanic form found in London area. Woods, parks, gardens, including urban areas. FP Deciduous trees and shrubs. (1927)

70.249  Rannoch Brindled Beauty Lycia lapponaria scotica 10–16mm Scarce. Mar–Apr. Moors and heaths of central Scottish Highlands. Somewhat similar to Belted Beauty, but different habitat. Both sexes have orange spots down back of abdomen. FP Bog-myrtle, heathers, Eared Willow. (1929) 70.250  Belted Beauty Lycia zonaria 9–14mm Rare. UK BAP. Mar–Apr. Very local on coastal sand dunes in N Wales, NW England and W Scotland, and on machair in Hebrides. Both sexes found sitting on low herbage day or night, and both with brown-orange bars on abdomen. Female flightless. FP Bird’s-foot Trefoil, plantains, clovers, Creeping Willow, Burnet Rose. (1928)

70.251  Oak Beauty Biston strataria 25mm Common. Feb–Apr. Prefers mature oak woodland, can be in suburban areas. FP Oaks, elms, Hazel, Aspen, Common Alder. (1930)

70.244 ? CMM

70.244 ? CMM

70.245 ? CMM 

70.244 ? CMM

70.246 NS 

70.246 / NS body

16/10/2014 15:51

70.247 / NS 

body

70.248 / CMM 

70.247 / CMM

70.247 ? CMM

70.248 ? CMM 

70.249 / DGG

body

70.249 ? DGG

70.250 NS

?

70.251 Melanic NS

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 247

/ body

70.251 RW

70.250 / CMM body

70.251 CMM

16/10/2014 15:51

248 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.252  Peppered Moth Biston betularia 28mm Common. May–Aug. Usual rural form is white peppered with black, but 2 other forms are more common in urban areas. Woods, scrub, parks, gardens, urban areas. FP Assorted bushes, trees, plants. (1931)



70.253  Spring Usher Agriopis leucophaearia 6–15mm Common. Feb–Mar. Very variable forms. Smaller than other similar moths. Female is flightless. Can be abundant in mature oak woods. FP Oaks. (1932)

70.254  Scarce Umber Agriopis aurantiaria 10–18mm Common. Oct–Dec. Male warm orange-yellow, female wingless. No central spot between cross-lines. Similar to Dotted Border, but that flies in spring. Open mature woods, scrub, parks, gardens. FP Many trees and shrubs. (1933)

70.253 / NS

70.254 / CJS 

70.255 / JV 

body

body

body

70.255 ? CMM 

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 248

70.255  Dotted Border Agriopis marginaria 8–19mm Common. Feb–Apr. Male brown with conspicuous black-dotted wing borders. Female flightless, can be found on trunks in the morning. Woods, scrub, parks, gardens, heaths, moorland. FP Many trees, shrubs, heathers. (1934)

70.256  Mottled Umber Erannis defoliaria 12–21mm Common. Oct–Jan. Male very variable, but with dark outer, many-angled cross-line and central black spot. Female flightless. Most frequent in woods but found anywhere. FP Many trees, shrubs. (1935)



70.257  Waved Umber Menophra abruptaria 20mm Common. Apr–Jun. Melanistic form usually in London area. Woodland, scrub, urban parks and gardens. FP Garden Privet, Lilac, Winter Jasmine in gardens, rural foodplants unknown. (1936)

70.253 ? CMM 

70.253 ? CMM

70.254 NS

70.254 CMM

70.255 ? NS 

70.256 / JV

body

70.256 ? CMM 

16/10/2014 15:51

70.257 Melanic NS

70.257 CMM

70.252 / (above), ? (below) CMM

70.252 insularia (left), usual form (right) CMM

70.252 Usual form (left), carbonaria (right) CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 249

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250 

GEOMETRIDAE

70.2571  Brassy Waved Umber Menophra japygiara 17mm Migrant from S Europe. First recorded in Saltash, Cornwall, in May 2009. FP Elm-leaved Sumach. (1936a)



70.258  Willow Beauty Peribatodes rhomboidaria 20mm Common. Jun–Aug, Aug–Oct. Outer pair of cross-lines converge at trailing edge. Occasionally melanic. Deciduous and coniferous woods, hedges, parks, gardens, including urban areas. FP Various trees, also Ivy, Traveller’s-joy. (1937) 70.259  Olive-tree Beauty Peribatodes umbraria 20mm Migrant. Oct. First recorded on Jersey, Channel Islands, in 2006. FP Olive, oaks. (1937c)

70.260  Feathered Beauty Peribatodes secundaria 20mm Local (alien foodplant). Jul–Aug. Very similar to Willow Beauty but generally slightly smaller. Coniferous woodland. FP Norway Spruce. (1937a)

70.262  Bordered Grey Selidosema brunnearia 20mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Heaths, chalk downs, sand dunes and mosses. FP Mostly heathers, also Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (1938)

70.263  Ringed Carpet Cleora cinctaria 20mm Scarce. Apr–May. In the south on lightly wooded damp heaths, also Scottish form on moorland. White oval mark ringed with black in centre of forewing is diagnostic. FP Birches, Bilberry, Bell and Cross-leaved heathers. Bog-myrtle in Scotland. (1939)

70.264  Satin Beauty Deileptenia ribeata 20mm Common. Jun–Aug. Old woods and downs with conifers, especially Yew. FP Yew, Scots Pine, other conifers. (1940)



70.265  Mottled Beauty Alcis repandata 20mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout Britain almost anywhere. Extremely variable, but dark outer cross-line on forewing and scalloped hind-wing edge are constant. FP Many trees and woody plants. (1941)

70.261  Lydd Beauty Peribatodes ilicaria 20mm Migrant. Jul–Sep. First recorded in 1990. Similar but richer markings than Willow and Feathered beauty, and with more strongly curved crossline on hind wing. FP Various trees and shrubs in Europe. (1937b)

70.2571 DAG

70.259 CMM

70.258 Melanic JP

70.258 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 250

16/10/2014 15:51

70.260 NS

70.261 NS

70.262 / CMM

70.262 ? RL

70.263 f. bowesi RL

70.263 ? SH 

70.264 CMM

70.265 CMM

70.265 CMM

70.265 CMM

Moths 2014 pp232-251.indd 251

16/10/2014 15:51

252 

GEOMETRIDAE 70.266  Dotted Carpet Alcis jubata 14mm Local. Jun–Sep. Ancient humid oak or pine woods. FP Beard lichens. (1942)

70.267  Great Oak Beauty Hypomecis roboraria 30mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Much larger than Pale Oak Beauty, with significant dark patch where cross-lines converge on trailing edge. Underside has dark and then pale patch at apex. Found sparingly in large mature oak woods. FP Pedunculate Oak. (1943)



70.272  Square Spot Paradarisa consonaria 20mm Local. Apr–Jun. Square dark mark beyond centre of outer cross-line is diagnostic. Deciduous or mixed woodland, scrub, parks. FP Oaks, birches, Beech, Yew, Hornbeam, pines. (1949)



70.273  Brindled White-spot Parectropis similaria 20mm Local. May–Jun. Squarish white patch near outer edge of forewing is diagnostic. Ancient woods. FP Oaks, hawthorns, Hazel, birches. (1950)



70.274  Grey Birch Aethalura punctulata 15mm Common. May–Jun. Dull-looking, with 4 dark forewing-edge marks. Birch woods and scrub. FP Birches, sometimes Common Alder. (1951)

70.267 CMM

70.268 / CMM 

70.268  Pale Oak Beauty Hypomecis punctinalis 23mm Common. May–Jul. Smaller than Great Oak Beauty, without dark patch on trailing edge. Has pale spot in centre of hind wing and underside apex plain. FP Mainly Pedunculate Oak, also birches, hawthorns, sallows. (1944) 70.269  Speckled Beauty Fagivorina arenaria 16mm Extinct. Jul–Aug. Formerly in Sussex and Hampshire, but not seen since 1898. Mature woodland. FP Lichens on oaks and Beech. (1946)

70.271  Small Engrailed Ectropis crepuscularia crepuscularia 20mm Local. May–Jun. Only 1 generation, but may not be a separate species to Engrailed. Very similar indeed, and with similar habitats, so distribution uncertain. FP Birches, sallows, Beech. (1948)

70.270 Engrailed Ectropis crepuscularia bistortata 16–20mm Common. Mar–May, Jun–Oct. Variable. Up to 3 generations. Woods, parks, gardens, scrub, hedges. FP Various trees and shrubs, including hawthorns, Spindle, birches, oaks, sallows. (1947)

70.266 NS



70.267 CMM

70.268 Melanic NS

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 252

16/10/2014 16:11

70.268 CMM

70.270 Melanic CMM

70.269 CMM

70.270 CMM

70.271 DF

70.270 CMM

70.271 CMM

70.272 CMM

70.272 CMM

70.273 CMM

70.274 CMM

70.274 CMM

70.273 CMM

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 253

16/10/2014 16:12

254 

GEOMETRIDAE

70.275  Common Heath Ematurga atomaria 14–15mm Common. May–Jun, Aug. Heaths and meadows throughout, flies by day. Similar to Latticed Heath, but markings less sharp, and wings held flat. FP Heathers on heaths and moorland, clovers and trefoils on downland. (1952)

70.281  Sloe Carpet Aleucis distinctata 14mm Scarce. UK BAP. Mar–Apr. Similar to Early Moth, which flies a month earlier, but slightly smaller and outer cross-line much more angulated. Can be seen on twigs after dark, comes to light. Flowering Blackthorn hedges and thickets. FP Blackthorn. (1959)



70.276  Bordered White Bupalus piniaria 16–18mm Common. May–Jun. Throughout. Flight period may be later in the north. Wings always held above body. Mature pine woodland. FP Scots Pine and other conifers. (1954)



70.282  Early Moth Theria primaria 15mm Common. Jan–Feb. Males found after dark sitting on bare twigs of foodplant with flightless females. Open woods, hedges, scrub. FP Hawthorns, Blackthorn. (1960)



70.277  Common White Wave Cabera pusaria 17mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Woods and scrub throughout. Bright white, with straight cross-lines. FP Birches, Common Alder, sallows. (1955)





70.278  Common Wave Cabera exanthemata 16mm Common. May–Sep. Damp woods throughout. Light sandy colour with curved cross-lines. FP Sallows, Aspen, poplars. (1956)

70.283  Light Emerald Campaea margaritata 20mm Common. May–Sep. Distinctive near-straight cross-lines and red mark at wing tip. Woods, parks, gardens, including urban areas. FP Oaks, birches, Beech, hawthorns, elms, etc. (1961)



70.284  Barred Red Hylaea fasciaria 19mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout in pine woods, gardens, parks. Green form prasinaria is scarce. FP Scots Pine, Norway Spruce, etc. (1962)



70.285  Scotch Annulet Gnophos obfuscata 19mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Only in Scotland on moors and mountains with exposed rock. Much larger than Annulet, with concave forewing edge. FP Yellow Saxifrage, stonecrops, heathers. (1963)



70.286  Irish Annulet Gnophos dumentata 19mm Rare. Aug. Scrubby limestone pavement in the Burren, County Clare, where it is endemic. FP Purging Buckthorn. (1962a)





70.279  White-pinion Spotted Lomographa bimaculata 14mm Common. May–Jul. Widespread in woodland, hedges, gardens and scrub. FP Hawthorns, Blackthorn. (1957) 70.280  Clouded Silver Lomographa temerata 14mm Common. May–Jul. Woods, scrub, gardens, hedgerows, urban parks. FP Hawthorns, Blackthorn, plums, wild cherries, Apple, Aspen. (1958)

70.275 / CMM

70.275 / DF

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 254

70.275 ? RW

70.276 ? PGC

70.275 ? CMM

70.276 / DGG

16/10/2014 16:12

70.277 CMM

70.277 CMM

70.279 CMM

70.280 CMM

70.281 RPJ

70.282 ? CMM

70.278 CMM

70.283 CMM

70.284 f. prasinaria CMM

70.282 JV   / body

70.284 CMM

70.285 RL

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 255

            ?

70.286 KT

16/10/2014 16:12

256 

GEOMETRIDAE

70.287  Annulet Charissa obscurata 16mm Local. Jul–Aug. Very variable. Pale forms on limestone, dark on heaths. Usually dark-edged central spot on each wing. Local on rocky coasts and inland heaths and limestone quarries. FP Sea Campion, Thrift, Common Rock-rose, Bird’s-foot Trefoil, vetches, etc. (1964)

70.288  Brussels Lace Cleorodes lichenaria 15mm Local. Jun–Aug. Dense scrub, tree canopy, rocky coastlines, inland rocks. FP Lichens. (1945)



70.289  Black Mountain Moth Glacies coracina 11–12mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Male flies in sunshine, females crawl over rocks. High moors and mountains above 600m. FP Crowberry. (1965)



70.291  Black-veined Moth Siona lineata 20mm Rare. UK BAP. May–Jul. Found only in Kent in herb-rich chalk grassland. Flies in sun and rests with wings up like a butterfly. FP Knapweeds, Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (1966)



70.292  Grey Scalloped Bar Dyscia fagaria 15–18mm Local. May–Aug. Heaths, moors, bogs, raised mosses. FP Heather, Bell Heather, Cross-leaved Heath. (1969)



70.293  Straw Belle Aspitates gilvaria 15–17mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Sep. Could be confused with Vestal, but has freckled wings. On chalk grassland in England and limestone pavement in the Burren, Ireland. FP Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Fairy Flax. (1967)

70.294  Yellow Belle Aspitates ochrearia 15–17mm Local. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Usually coastal on dunes, shingle, saltmarshes, and Brecks of Suffolk and Norfolk. FP Sea Wormwood, Wild Carrot, Buck’s-horn Plantain, Restharrow, Beaked Hawk’s-beard, etc. (1968)

70.287 CMM

70.287 CMM

70.288 CMM

70.288 CMM

70.289 / RL

70.289 ? SH

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 256

70.295  Grass Wave Perconia strigillaria 18mm Local. May–Jul. Can be frequent on lowland heaths of central S England. Scarce elsewhere on heaths, moors and bogs. FP Heather, Bell Heather, Broom, gorse flowers, Petty Whin. (1970)

16/10/2014 16:12

70.291 CMM

70.292 / JV

70.294 ? CMM

70.294 / PAD

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 257

70.291 SR

70.292 ? PGC

70.293 / DGG

70.295 / CMM

70.291 MSP

70.293 ? burrenensis KT 

70.293 ? MSP

70.295 ? PGC

16/10/2014 16:12

258 

GEOMETRIDAE



70.296  Rest Harrow Aplasta ononaria 12mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Two known colonies in Kent only. Warm, sheltered spots on chalk. FP Common and, sometimes, Spiny restharrow. (1664)





70.297  Grass Emerald Pseudoterpna pruinata 17mm Common. Jun–Aug. Blue-green pigment quickly fades to almost white. Heaths, moors, open woods, coastal slopes. FP Gorses, Broom, Petty Whin. (1665)



70.298  Jersey Emerald Pseudoterpna coronillaria 17mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. Similar to Grass Emerald, but greyer. Resident on Jersey. FP Gorses, Broom. (1665a)

70.303  Little Emerald Jodis lactearia 11mm Common. May–Jun. Similar to Small Grass Emerald but curved hind-wing line. Colour rapidly fades to almost white. Open woods, heaths, hedges, etc. FP Trees and shrubs, including birches, Hazel, hawthorns, oaks, Sweet Chestnut, Bilberry, etc. (1674)





70.299  Large Emerald Geometra papilionaria 28mm Common. Jun–Aug. Unmistakable large emerald with brown and white legs. Grassland, woods and heaths. FP Usually birches, also Common Alder, Hazel, Beech. (1666) 70.300  Blotched Emerald Comibaena bajularia 15mm Local. Jun–Jul. Can be common locally in mature oak woodland. FP Oaks. (1667)

70.301  Essex Emerald Antonechloris smaragdaria 17mm Presumed extinct. Jun–Jul. Formerly on coastal saltmarshes in Essex and Kent. FP Sea Wormwood. (1668)

70.302  Small Emerald Hemistola chrysoprasaria 17mm Local. Jun–Aug. Downs, hedges and wood edges on chalk. Often fades to almost white. FP Traveller’s-joy. (1673)



70.304  Sussex Emerald Thalera fimbrialis 17mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Found only on shingle beach at Dungeness, Kent. Similar to Common Emerald but hind wing has 2 points, not just 1. FP Wild Carrot. (1672)



70.305  Common Emerald Hemithea aestivaria 15mm Common. Jun–Jul. Woods, hedgerows, parks, gardens, etc. FP Various trees and shrubs, including hawthorns, Blackthorn, birches, oaks, sallows. (1669)

70.306  Small Grass Emerald Chlorissa viridata 11mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Very local on damp heathland. Flies by day and at dusk. Differs from the more common Little Emerald in having near straight, not curved, white line on hind wing. FP Heathers, Creeping Willow, gorses. (1670)

70.307  Southern Grass Emerald Chlorissa cloraria 11mm Migrant. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Resident in Jersey. Very similar to Small Grass Emerald. Needs gen det for identification. FP Polyphagous on trees, shrubs, low plants. NS (1670a)

70.304 JV

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 258

16/10/2014 16:12

70.296 CMM

70.297 CMM

70.298 CMM

70.299 CMM

70.299 CMM

70.300 CMM

70.301 CMM

70.302 CMM

70.300 CMM

70.303 DF

70.304 CMM

70.305 CMM

70.306 CMM

70.306 PGC

70.307 NS

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 259

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260 

NOTODONTIDAE 71 NOTODONTIDAE Prominents and kittens

There are 29 species in this family. They are stout, furry moths, and prominents usually have prominent tufts which show along the back at rest. They do not feed but come to light. 71.001  Oak Processionary Thaumetopoea processionea 16mm Adventive. Jul–Sep. From central and S Europe. Oak woodlands, where it can defoliate trees. Established on the Channel Islands and in W London since 2006, otherwise migrant. Sheds extremely irritating (urticating) hairs. FP Oaks. (2022) 71.002  Pine Processionary Thaumetopoea pityocampa 17mm Migrant. May–Jul. Very rare migrant or (more likely) import from European pine forests. FP Pines. (2021)

71.003  Puss Moth Cerura vinula 35mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout, in woods, hedges, gardens, heaths, moors. Large and unmistakable. FP Poplars, sallows, Aspen. (1995)

71.004  Feline Cerura erminea 35mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. Channel Islands only. Similar to Puss Moth but markings near base of forewing form 2 ‘V’ shapes and 2 ovals. FP Black or White poplar. (1995a)





71.005  Sallow Kitten Furcula furcula 17mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Widespread in open woods, hedges, gardens, heaths. Similar size to Alder Kitten, markings much paler. Outer edge of central band indented. FP Willows, poplars, Aspen. (1997) 71.006  Alder Kitten Furcula bicuspis 17mm Local. May–Jul. Scattered in woodland. Central band and cross-lines much darker than in Sallow and Poplar kittens. FP Common Alder, birches. (1996) 71.007  Poplar Kitten Furcula bifida 21mm Local. May–Jul. Mainly southern, in poplar plantations. Similar to Sallow Kitten but larger, outer edge of central band smooth. FP Poplars, Aspen, willows. (1998)

71.008  Tawny Prominent Harpyia milhauseri 24mm Rare migrant. May–Jun. Two records in Britain, in 1966 and 1993. Woodland in central Europe. FP Oaks, including evergreens. (2004)

71.009  Lobster Moth Stauropus fagi 28mm Common. May–Jul. Similar to Great Prominent but looks yellow-brown, not greenish. Occasional dark melanic form. Larva looks a bit like a lobster. Mature woodland. FP Oaks, Hazel, birches, Beech. (1999)



71.010  Marbled Brown Drymonia dodonaea 17mm Local. May–Jun. Similar to Lunar Marbled Brown but without black crescent on forewing. Mature oak woods. FP Oaks. (2014)



71.011  Lunar Marbled Brown Drymonia ruficornis 18mm Common. Apr–May. Black ‘lunar’ crescent on forewing. Oak woods, parks, gardens, hedges. FP Oaks. (2015)



71.012  Iron Prominent Notodonta dromedarius 20mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Woods, heaths, gardens. FP Birches, Common Alder, Hazel, oaks. (2000)



71.013  Pebble Prominent Notodonta ziczac 21mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Throughout in mature woods, hedges, gardens, etc. FP Aspen, poplars, sallows, willows. (2003)

71.014  Large Dark Prominent Notodonta torva 25mm Rare migrant. May, Aug. Very scarce migrant from central Europe. Two records only, in 1882 and 1979. FP Aspen, poplars. (2001)

71.003 CMM 71.001 JV

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 260

71.002 DE



16/10/2014 16:12

71.004 CMM 

71.005 CMM

71.006 CMM

71.007 NS

71.008 CMM

71.009 CMM

71.010 CMM

71.011 CMM

71.012 CMM

71.013 CMM

71.014 DM

71.012 RL

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 261

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262 

NOTODONTIDAE

 71.015  Three-humped Prominent Notodonta tritophus 25mm Rare migrant. Apr–Aug. Similar to Large Dark Prominent, appears from Europe about once every 10 years. FP Aspen, poplars. (2002)



71.021  Coxcomb Prominent Ptilodon capucina 20mm Common. Apr–Jun, Aug–Sep. Widespread in most woods and scrub, gardens and parks. FP Many broadleaved trees. (2008)

71.016  Great Prominent Peridea anceps 30mm Local. Apr–Jun. Can be frequent where mature oaks occur in woods, hedges, gardens. Somewhat similar to Lobster Moth but looks khaki-coloured. FP Oaks. (2005)



71.022  Maple Prominent Ptilodon cucullina 20mm Local. May–Jul. Scattered, in woods on calcareous soils where foodplant grows. FP Field Maple. (2009)



71.023  Scarce Prominent Odontosia carmelita 20mm Local. Apr–May. Scattered in mature birch woods. White mark on forewing is diagnostic. FP Silver and Downy birch. (2010)



71.024  Plumed Prominent Ptilophora plumigera 19mm Scarce. Nov–Dec. Huge feathery antennae of males and flight period make this unmistakable. Mature maple woods on calcareous soils. FP Field Maple. (2013)



71.025 Buff-tip Phalera bucephala 25–33mm Common. May–Jul. Unmistakable, markings mimic a broken twig. Female is much larger than male. Open woods, parks, hedges, gardens. FP Sallows, birches, Hazel, oaks, etc. (1994)



71.017  Swallow Prominent Pheosia tremula 24mm Common. Apr–Jun, Aug. Similar to Lesser Swallow Prominent, but generally larger and slimmer. White wedge in corner of forewing is longer, slimmer and duller. Woodland, poplar plantations and suburban streets, gardens, parks. FP Aspen, poplars, willows, sallows. (2007)





71.018  Lesser Swallow Prominent Pheosia gnoma 21mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Aug. Similar to Swallow Prominent but white wedge in corner of forewing is shorter, broader and whiter. Woods, heaths, gardens, hedges. FP Silver or Downy birch. (2006) 71.019  White Prominent Leucodonta bicoloria 17mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Presumed extinct but rediscovered in County Kerry in 2008 after 70 years. Inhabits mature birch woods. FP Birches. (2012) 71.020  Pale Prominent Pterostoma palpina 21mm Common. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Found almost anywhere its foodplants grow. Resembles piece of dry, rotten wood. FP Aspen, poplars, willows. (2011)

71.015 CMM

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 262

71.016 CMM

71.026  Dusky Marbled Brown Gluphisia crenata 16mm Migrant. Apr, Jun–Jul. Very rare, seen in Jersey in 1995 and Kent in 2003. From central and S Europe. FP Poplars. (2016)

71.016 CMM

16/10/2014 16:12

71.017 CMM

71.018 CMM

71.019 CMM

71.020 CMM

71.021 CMM

71.022 CMM

71.023 CMM

71.024 ? PGC

71.025 CMM

71.026 JV

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 263

71.024 CMM

16/10/2014 16:13

264 

NOTODONTIDAE and EREBIDAE



71.027 Chocolate-tip Clostera curtula 17mm Local. Apr–May, Aug–Sep. Locally frequent in S England, fairly scarce elsewhere. Woods, hedges, gardens, scrub. FP Aspen, sallows, poplars, willows. (2019)



71.028  Small Chocolate-tip Clostera pigra 12mm Scarce. May, Aug. Open damp heaths, moors, marshes, dunes. FP Creeping and Eared willow, low Aspen. (2017)



71.029  Scarce Chocolate-tip Clostera anachoreta 15–18mm Rare. Apr–May, Jul–Aug. Similar to Chocolate-tip but dark blotch is on both sides of outer white cross-line. Coastal shingle with foodplant. FP Grey Willow. (2018)

72 EREBIDAE Snouts, tigers, footmen, fan-foots, red underwings There are 88 in this diverse family plus a further 29 mostly imported in produce or very old, single records. Hypeninae (snouts), Herminiinae (fan-foots) and Catocalinae (red underwings) were formerly included in Noctuidae.

72.001 Herald Scoliopteryx libatrix 22mm Common. Aug–Jun. Unmistakable. Spring flight is after hibernation in a shed, cave or hollow tree. Throughout in woods, hedges, gardens, etc. FP Willows, poplars, Aspen. (2469)



72.002  Straw Dot Rivula sericealis 11mm Common. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Throughout, in damp grassland, damp woods, marshes, heaths, moors. Also occurs as migrant. FP False Brome, Tor-grass, Purple Moor-grass. (2474)

71.027 CMM

71.027 CMM

71.029 ? CMM

71.029 CMM

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 264

72.003  Snout Hypena proboscidalis 15–19mm Common. Jun–Aug, Sep–Oct. Snouts are so called because of their long, forward-facing palps. Throughout in most habitats wherever foodplant occurs. Second generation smaller and greyer. FP Common Nettle. (2477)

72.004  Buttoned Snout Hypena rostralis 15mm Scarce. Aug–Jun. Spring flight after hibernation. Hedgerows, gardens, river valleys. Found over winter in sheds, garages, etc. FP Hop. (2480)

71.028 CMM

/



?

16/10/2014 16:20

72.002 CMM

72.001 NS

72.003 Autumn CMM

72.004 NS

72.003 Summer CMM

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 265

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266 

EREBIDAE

72.005  Paignton Snout Hypena obesalis 16mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Rare. First recorded at Paignton, Devon, in 1908. Larger, plainer, and with slimmer and more pointed wings than Bloxworth Snout. FP Common Nettle. (2479)



72.010  Black Arches Lymantria monacha 20–24mm Local. Jul–Aug. Mature oak woods, can be abundant. FP Oaks and other trees. (2033)



72.006  Bloxworth Snout Hypena obsitalis 15mm Rare. Jul–Aug, Sep–May. Second brood hibernates over winter. First recorded as immigrant at Bloxworth, Dorset, in 1884. Breeds on rocky south coasts. FP Pellitory-of-the-wall. (2478)



72.011  Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar 20–25mm Migrant. Jul–Aug. Extinct resident, male appears as migrant. Small colonies occasionally established by larvae that can drift on the wind. Females rarely fly. FP Broadleaved trees, can be serious pest in Europe. (2034)



72.007  Beautiful Snout Hypena crassalis 15mm Local. May–Aug. Heathland, moors, open woodland. FP Bilberry. (2476)



72.012 Brown-tail Euproctis chrysorrhoea 16mm Local. Jul–Aug. White with diagnostic brown upper abdomen. Can be abundant in scrub, hedges, gardens. FP Bramble, hawthorns, Blackthorn, gregarious in a web. (2029)

72.008  Black V Moth Arctornis l-nigrum 25mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. Scarce migrant, with green veins when fresh and distinctive black ‘V’ mark. FP Elms, limes. (2032)

72.009  White Satin Leucoma salicis 22mm Local. Jul–Aug. Larger than Yellow-tail and Brown-tail, with white abdomen and creamywhite sheen, black bands on legs. Damp woods, parks, scrub, damp heaths, river valleys. FP Poplars, sallows, willows. (2031)

72.013  Yellow-tail Euproctis similis 16mm Common. Jul–Aug. Common anywhere throughout south. Similar to Brown-tail, but yellow abdomen often raised when disturbed. Male with light mark in trailing corner of forewing, female without and slightly larger. FP Broadleaved trees and shrubs. (2030)

72.005 MB

72.006 SH

72.007 / CMM

72.008 CMM

72.008 CMM

72.007 ? CMM

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 266

16/10/2014 16:13

72.009 JV

72.010 / CMM

72.010 ? CMM

72.011 / CS

72.011 ? CMM

72.011 ? CMM

72.012 JV

72.012 CMM

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 267

72.013 ? CMM

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268 

EREBIDAE

72.014  Reed Tussock Laelia coenosa 22mm Extinct. Jul–Aug. Last seen in Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, in 1879. Habitats destroyed. FP Common Reed, Great Fen-sedge, Branched Bur-reed. (2024)





72.015  Pale Tussock Calliteara pudibunda 20–26mm Common. May–Jun. Female much larger than male. Frequent in urban gardens, parks, hedges, woods, scrub. FP Deciduous trees and shrubs, including Hop. (2028) 72.016  Dark Tussock Dicallomera fascelina 20mm Local. Jul–Aug. Lowland heaths, coastal dunes and northern moors. FP Heathers, Creeping Willow, sallows, Broom, Bramble, hawthorns. (2027) 72.017 Vapourer Orgyia antiqua 11–14mm Common. Jul–Oct. Throughout in woods, gardens, parks, heathland, scrub. FP Most broadleaved trees and shrubs. (2026)

72.018  Scarce Vapourer Orgyia recens 15mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Similar to Vapourer but chocolate brown with white marks at wing tip. Female wingless. Bogs, heath, fens, woods, hedgerows. FP Deciduous trees and shrubs, Meadowsweet, Water Dock, heathers, sorrels. (2025)

72.019  Buff Ermine Spilosoma lutea 18–20mm Common. May–Jul. Female paler than male. In most habitats, including gardens, hedges, woods, parks, dunes. FP Sundry herbaceous plants. (2061)

72.020  White Ermine Spilosoma lubricipeda 20mm Common. May–Jul. White background of southern examples tends to buff in Scotland. Most habitats, including urban gardens, heaths, moors, grassland, woods, coasts, hedges. FP Various herbaceous plants. (2060)

72.015 ? SD

72.015 CMM

? (above)

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 268



/ (below)

72.015 Melanic ? CMM

16/10/2014 16:13

72.014 CMM

72.016 ? CMM

72.017 / NS

72.018 ? JV

72.018 / DGG

72.019 CMM    /

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 269

       ?



?

body

body

/

72.017 PGC ?

/

72.020 godarti CMM

72.020 / CMM

16/10/2014 16:13

270 

EREBIDAE 72.021  Water Ermine Spilosoma urticae 20mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Mostly on coastal saltmarshes, but also fens, wet meadows, dune slacks. FP Marsh plants, including Yellow Loosestrife, Yellow Iris, Water Dock, Lousewort. (2062)



72.026  Garden Tiger Arctia caja 35mm Common. Jul–Aug. Markings very variable, so each moth is different. Open woods, rough ground, scrubby dunes, gardens, can be abundant. FP Herbaceous and garden plants. (2057)

72.022  Muslin Moth Diaphora mendica 16–18mm Common. May–Jun. Grey male is most often seen. Female, which occasionally comes to light, is slightly translucent and with fewer spots than White Ermine. Irish male is cream, not grey. Found in most open habitats, including downs, woods, hedges, gardens. FP Herbaceous plants and shrubs. (2063)



72.027  Cream-spot Tiger Arctia villica 27mm Local. May–Jul. Can be common in the south, especially on coastal grassland, dunes, marshes, heaths, mainly on open ground. FP Herbaceous plants. (2058)



72.023  Clouded Buff Diacrisia sannio 20mm Local. Jun–Jul. Male comes to light, female flies in hot sun but is not attracted to light. Heaths and moorland, chalk downs and open woods. FP Heathers and herbaceous plants including sorrels, plantains, violets, scabious. (2059)



72.024  Ruby Tiger Phragmatobia fuliginosa 17mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Sep. Throughout Britain, mostly in open habitats. FP Herbaceous plants and shrubs. (2064) 72.025  Wood Tiger Parasemia plantaginis 20mm Local. May–Jul. Widespread but always local. Flies by day on moors, heaths, downs, open woods. FP Bell Heather, plantains, rock-roses, groundsels, etc. (2056)

72.021 DF

72.023 / PB

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 270

72.028  Patton’s Tiger Hyphoraia testudinaria 20mm Migrant. May–Jul. Two records in Britain, in 2005 (shown here) and 2006. From mountainous regions of S Europe. FP Low plants including plantains and docks. (2058a)

72.029  Scarlet Tiger Callimorpha dominula 27mm Local. Jun–Jul. Local but can be abundant. Flies in sunshine. Marshy ground, riverbanks, water meadows. FP Comfrey, Common Nettle, Bramble, Meadowsweet, Hemp Agrimony, etc. (2068)



72.030  Jersey Tiger Euplagia quadripunctaria 32mm Scarce. Jul–Sep. Resident in the south-west, mainly coastal. Flies day or night. FP Herbaceous plants, including Common Nettle, Bramble, Hemp Agrimony. (2067)



72.031 Cinnabar Tyria jacobaeae 20mm Common. May–Aug. Widespread, mostly on rough, open ground, downs, dunes, etc., wherever ragworts grow. Flies day or night. FP Flowers and leaves of ragworts. (2069)

72.022 / CMM

72.022 ? CMM

72.023 ? CMM

16/10/2014 16:13

72.024 CMM

72.025 CMM

72.026 DJP

72.027 CMM

72.026 CMM

72.027 SD

72.028 SP

72.029 CMM

72.031 CMM

Moths 2014 pp252-271.indd 271

72.030 

16/10/2014 16:13

272 

EREBIDAE 72.032  Speckled Footman Coscinia cribraria bivittata 17mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul. Extremely local on heaths in SE Dorset. Variable markings usually blurred. FP Bristle Bent, heathers. (2053)



72.039  Dotted Footman Pelosia muscerda 14mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Found only in fens in Norfolk Broads. Slender grey forewing with straight leading edge and 5 or 6 black dots. FP Probably on lichens and algae. (2041)

72.033  Feathered Footman Spiris striata 20mm Migrant. May–Aug. Four records only, from the 19th century. From hot, dry areas of Europe. FP A range of herbaceous plants. (2052)



72.040  Small Dotted Footman Pelosia obtusa 12mm Rare. Jul. Found only in dense fens in Norfolk Broads. Broad brown forewing with curved leading edge and 4 black dots. FP Probably on lichens and algae. (2042)



72.041  Four-spotted Footman Lithosia quadra 20–23mm Local. Jul–Sep. Sexually dimorphic, both unmistakable. Resident on coasts and in mature woods. FP Dog lichens and algae on tree trunks and rocks. (2051)



72.042  Red-necked Footman Atolmis rubricollis 14mm Local. Jun–Jul. Flies around tree tops by day, also comes to light. Deciduous and coniferous woods. FP Lichens and green algae on oaks, birches, Beech, larches, etc. (2039)



72.043  Buff Footman Eilema depressa 17mm Local. Jul–Aug. Wing edges straight rather than curved like Dingy Footman. Mainly in mature woods, also scrub and heath. FP Lichens and algae on tree trunks. (2049)



72.044  Dingy Footman Eilema griseola 17mm Common. Jul–Aug. Two forms, both with broad, curved forewing. Sometimes described as resembling a melon pip. Damp woods, fens, marshes, wet meadows. FP Lichens and algae on trees and bushes. (2044)



72.045  Common Footman Eilema lurideola 16mm Common. Jul–Aug. Wings held flat, stripe along costa does not reach apex. Most lowland habitats, including urban gardens, woods, coasts, dunes. FP Lichens and algae on trees, walls, rocks. Hawthorn leaves. (2050)



72.034  Crimson Speckled Utetheisa pulchella 22mm Migrant. Jul–Oct. Stunning scarce migrant from the Mediterranean, flies day or night. FP Herbaceous plants. (2054)







72.035  Rosy Footman Miltochrista miniata 12mm Local. Jun–Aug. Stunning little orange-pink moth (very occasionally yellow) in mature woods, wooded heaths and hedges. FP Lichens on oaks and other trees. (2037) 72.036  Muslin Footman Nudaria mundana 10mm Local. Jun–Aug. Similar to Round-winged Muslin but with 2 cross-lines on near-transparent wings. Coastal limestone cliffs, stone walls, open rocky ground. FP Lichens on stone walls, rocks and fences. (2038) 72.037  Round-winged Muslin Thumatha senex 10mm Local. Jun–Aug. Similar to Muslin Footman but without cross-lines. Damp areas, bogs, marshes, wet grassland, dune slacks. FP Lichens, mosses, algae. (2035) 72.038  Four-dotted Footman Cybosia mesomella 16mm Local. Jun–Aug. Occasionally occurs without black dots. Heaths, moors, fens, damp woods. FP Lichens and algae on heathers, sallows, etc. (2040)

72.032 / CMM

72.033 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 272

72.032 ?? CMM

16/10/2014 16:42

72.034 MC

72.035 JSB

72.035 CMM

72.036 CMM

72.037 CMM

72.035 CMM

72.038 DF

72.039 CMM

72.040 RL

72.041 / DF

72.041 ? CMM 72.041 CMM / (top)  ? (bottom)

72.042 CMM

72.043 Melanic NS

72.043 CMM

72.044 stramineola CMM

72.044 DF

72.045 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 273

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274 

EREBIDAE



72.046  Scarce Footman Eilema complana 16mm Local. Jul–Aug. Similar to Common Footman but wings wrapped around body and stripe along costa continues to apex. Heaths, downs, dunes in woods, gardens. FP Lichens and algae on rocks, plant stems, branches. (2047)



72.047  Hoary Footman Eilema caniola 16mm Scarce. Jul–Sep. Very pale silky grey colour with faint cream costa. Rocky coasts and quarries, coastal villages. FP Lichens and algae on rocks or roof tiles. (2045)



72.048  Pigmy Footman Eilema pygmaeola 11mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Similar to, but much smaller than, Hoary Footman. Coastal sandhills and shingle beaches. FP Lichens on rocks and vegetation. (2046)



72.049  Orange Footman Eilema sororcula 14mm Local. May–Jun. Mostly in mature oak and Beech woods but also thick Blackthorn scrub. FP Lichens on trees and shrubs. (2043)



72.050  Dew Moth Setina irrorella 14mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Scattered mainly on rocky and shingle coasts, calcareous hills inland. FP Lichens on rocks, shingle or in grassland. (2036)

72.050  Nine-spotted Syntomis phegea 20mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. S European species with 2 British records, from 1872 and 2000. FP Herbaceous plants. (2070) 72.050  Handmaid Dysauxes ancilla 12mm Migrant. Jul-Aug. One British record only, in 1876. From S Europe. FP Moss. (2071)



72.051  Clay Fan-foot Paracolax tristalis 15mm Scarce. UK BAP. Jun–Aug. Coppiced open woodland in SE England. Has only 2 cross-lines. FP Damp, fallen oak leaves. (2494) 72.052  Dotted Fan-foot Macrochilo cribrumalis 13mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Open fens, bogs, marshy areas, ditches. FP Wood-sedge, Hairy and Field wood-rush. (2493)

 72.046 DF

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 274

 72.047 CMM



72.053 Fan-foot Herminia tarsipennalis 15mm Common. Jun–Aug. Three cross-lines distinct, outermost does not reach into apex. Woods, thick hedges, gardens. FP Withered leaves of oaks, Beech, Bramble. (2489)



72.054  Shaded Fan-foot Herminia tarsicrinalis 14mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Dense Bramble thickets in East Anglia. Similar to Fan-foot, but slightly smaller and with diffuse, faint, shaded central bar running through weak crescent mark. FP Withered leaves of Bramble. (2491)

72.055  Small Fan-foot Herminia grisealis 12mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout Britain in woods, hedgerows, scrub, gardens. Smaller than Fan-foot, outer cross-line runs into apex. FP Healthy, withered and fallen leaves of various trees, including oaks, hawthorns, birches, Hazel, cherries, etc. (2492)

72.056  Common Fan-foot Pechipogo strigilata 15mm Scarce. UK BAP. May–Jun. Flight period is earlier than for other fan-foots. Cross-lines all diffuse, kidney mark faint. Declining, in ancient woods. FP Withered leaves of damaged oaks. (2488)

72.057  Plumed Fan-foot Pechipogo plumigeralis 16mm Migrant. Jul–Oct. Possibly resident on coasts at Rye, Sussex. Outer cross-line whiteedged, distinct kidney mark. FP Roses, Broom, Ivy. (2488a) 72.058  Jubilee Fan-foot Zanclognatha lunalis 17mm Migrant. Jul–Aug. Similar to Plumed Fan-foot but central crescent bolder and central cross-line scalloped. FP Withered leaves. (2490) 72.059  Dusky Fan-foot Zanclognatha zelleralis 15mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. One British record only, in Pembrokeshire in 1982. From S Europe. FP Withered leaves. (2491a) 72.060  Marsh Oblique-barred Hypenodes humidalis 7mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Widespread. Tiny and easily overlooked. Outer oblique bar extends to wing tip but usually indistinctly marked. Damp woods, boggy heaths and moors, riversides, marshy meadows. FP Unknown in the wild. (2485)

 72.048 DF

16/10/2014 16:42

72.049 CMM

72.050 NS

72.050 CMM

72.050 CMM

72.051 CMM

72.052 CMM

72.053 CMM

72.054 CMM

72.055 CMM

72.056 TJN

72.057 ? CJS

72.058 CMM

72.059 DM

72.060 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 275

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276 

EREBIDAE



72.061  Pinion-streaked Snout Schrankia costaestrigalis 10mm Local. Jun–Aug, Sep–Oct. Widespread, more common in the south. Inhabits damp woods, boggy heaths, riversides, marshy meadows, coastal dunes. FP Unknown in the wild. (2484)





72.062  White-line Snout Schrankia taenialis 10mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Damp woods, open heaths and shady hedgebanks along sunken lanes. FP Unknown in the wild. (2482)

72.068  Lesser Belle Colobochyla salicalis 14mm Presumed extinct. May–Jul. Formerly resident at Hamstreet, Kent, but last seen in 1977. Smaller than other belles, outer cross-line curves into wing tip. FP Leaves of Aspen on young shoots and suckers. (2472)

72.063  Blackneck Lygephila pastinum 22mm Local. Jun–Jul. Local, from Yorkshire southwards. Similar to Scarce Blackneck but does not have pale veins. Damp meadows and open woods, fens, marsh and downland. FP Tufted Vetch, Marsh Pea, Wild Liquorice. (2466)

72.064  Scarce Blackneck Lygephila craccae 22mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Similar to Blackneck, but has dark marks along leading edge of forewing, pale veins and incomplete kidney mark. Confined to rocky cliffs of north coasts of Devon. FP Wood Vetch. (2467)

72.065  Levant Blackneck Tathorhynchus exsiccata 15mm Oct–Nov, Feb–Apr. Rare migrant. African species, occasionally arriving on warm southerly winds even in Feb. FP Alfalfa. (2296)

72.066  Waved Black Parascotia fuliginaria 14mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Boggy woodland, especially with old birches. Rests with wings spread like a geometer. FP Damp fungi on rotting wood, especially birches and pines. (2475)

72.061 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 276

72.061 CMM

72.067  Small Purple-barred Phytometra viridaria 10mm Local. May–Aug. Widespread, but mainly southern. Flies in sunshine and to light. Heathland, calcareous downs, open woods, sandhills. FP Common and Heath milkwort. (2470)



72.069  Beautiful Hook-tip Laspeyria flexula 16mm Local. Jun–Aug. Mainly southern in woods, parks, old orchards, mature gardens. FP Lichens growing on various trees. (2473)



72.070  Olive Crescent Trisateles emortualis 14mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Very local resident in mature woods. Only 2 pale cross-lines. Also occurs as a migrant along south coast from Dorset eastwards. FP Withered leaves of oaks, Beech. (2495)

72.072  Purple Marbled Eublemma ostrina 11mm Migrant. May–Oct. Scarce migrant, from S Europe and N Africa. FP Flowers and seedheads of thistles. (2407) 72.073  Small Marbled Eublemma parva 8mm Migrant. Mar–Oct. Scarce migrant from S Europe, N Africa, India. FP Flowers of Common Fleabane, Ploughman’s-spikenard. (2408) 72.074  Beautiful Marbled Eublemma purpurina 12mm Migrant. May–Oct. First recorded 2004 in Dorset. From mainland Europe on dry, open grassland. FP Flowers and seedheads of thistles. (2407a)

72.062 DGG

16/10/2014 16:42

72.063 CMM

72.064 CMM

72.065 MC

72.066 DGG

72.067 CMM

72.067 CMM

72.068 DGG

72.069 CMM

72.070 CMM

72.072 CMM

72.072 MC

72.073 CMM

72.074 CMM

72.074 JV

72.073 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 277

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278 

EREBIDAE

72.075  Oak Yellow Underwing Catocala nymphagoga 22mm Migrant. Jul–Aug. Very rare migrant from oak woods of central and S Europe. FP Oaks. (2455a)

72.080  French Red Underwing Catocala elocata 35mm Sep. Migrant. One record from Jersey, in 1903. From S Europe. FP Poplars, willows. (2453a)

72.076  Clifden Nonpareil Catocala fraxini 45mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Usually on eastern and southern coasts of Britain, from NE Europe. Large and unmistakable. FP Aspen, poplars. (2451)



72.081  Dark Crimson Underwing Catocala sponsa 35mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Sep. Breeding confined to large mature oak woods of New Forest, Hampshire, but does wander. Scattered records elsewhere are immigrants. Comes to sugar and light. FP Oaks. (2455)



72.082  Light Crimson Underwing Catocala promissa 32mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Sep. Confined to large mature oak woods of New Forest, Hampshire. Smaller and greyer than Dark Crimson Underwing. Comes to sugar and light. FP Oaks. (2454)



72.083  Burnet Companion Euclidia glyphica 15mm Common. May–Jul. Common in S England, local elsewhere. Flies on warm days in grassland, meadows, downs, verges. FP Clovers, Black Medick, Lucerne, Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Tufted Vetch. (2463)

72.077  Minsmere Crimson Underwing Catocala conjuncta 30mm Migrant. One British record from Minsmere, Suffolk, in Sep 2004. Resident of S Europe, N Africa, Middle East. FP Evergreen Oak. (2451a)

72.078  Red Underwing Catocala nupta 35mm Common. Aug–Oct. Widespread in SE and central England, more local in the south-west and Wales. Woodland, parks, riverbanks, gardens. FP Black and White poplar, Aspen, Crack and White willow. (2452)

72.079  Rosy Underwing Catocala electa 35mm Migrant. Sep. Rare, though 2 were seen in Dorset in Sep 2013. From S European forests. FP Willow, Aspen. (2453)

72.076 CMM

72.076 CMM

72.077 JBH

72.077 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 278

16/10/2014 16:42

72.075 CMM

72.078 CMM

72.079 LH

72.078 CMM

72.080 CMM

72.081 CMM

72.082 CJS

72.083 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 279

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280 

EREBIDAE and NOCTUIDAE

72.084  Mother Shipton Euclidia mi 16mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout, but local in Scotland. Named after 16th-century Yorkshire witch because of wing markings. Flies in sunshine in open meadows, heaths, downs, verges. FP Clovers, Black Medick, Lucerne, Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (2462) 72.085  Alchymist Catephria alchymista 22mm Rare migrant. Jun–Sep. From open woods of Europe. FP Oaks. (2464)

72.086  Lunar Double-stripe Minucia lunaris 28mm Migrant. May–Jun. Rare immigrant and occasional former temporary resident. Open managed oak woodland. FP Coppiced Pedunculate and Evergreen oaks. (2456) 72.087  Passenger Dysgonia algira 21mm Migrant. Aug–Sep. Scarce migrant from S Europe. FP Castor-oil Plant, Pomegranate, Bramble. (2460) 72.088  Geometrician Grammodes stolida 20mm Migrant. Sep. Scarce migrant from S Europe. FP Oaks, Bramble. (2461)

73 NOCTUIDAE Noctuids There are 368 species in this family, including six which are extinct. They are usually stout-bodied with wings longer than they are wide for strong flight, hence many long-distance migrants are noctuids. Most rest with trailing edges of forewings together or overlapping, generally roof-like. Most species have two obvious marks in the centre of the forewing, one oval and the other kidneyshaped. The relative size, shape and colour of these can be important aids to identification. Males generally have pectinate (comblike) antennae, females plain. Most fly only at night, will feed at flowers and ripe fruit and come to light. 73.001  Spectacle Abrostola tripartita 16mm Common. May–Jul, Jul–Sep. Throughout in gardens, hedges, fields, open woods, wasteground. Named after markings on front of thorax, which resemble spectacles. Similar to Dark Spectacle but greyer. FP Common Nettle. (2450)

73.002  Dark Spectacle Abrostola triplasia 17mm Common. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Widespread throughout. Similar to Spectacle but generally larger and dark red-brown rather than grey. Gardens, hedgerows, cliffs, marshes. FP Common Nettle, Hop. (2449)

73.003  Ni Moth Trichoplusia ni 17mm Migrant. May–Oct. From S Europe and N Africa. Similar to more common Silver Y but mark less like Y, often white tip is separate. Has white mark in trailing corner of forewing. FP Marigold, Sea Rocket. (2432) 73.004  Slender Burnished Brass Thysanoplusia orichalcea 20mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Scarce, from Canaries, Azores, Africa. FP Herbaceous plants. (2433) 73.005  Scar Bank Gem Ctenoplusia limbirena 17mm Rare migrant. Sep. Very scarce, from Africa, Canaries, Madeira. Similar to Ni Moth and Silver Y but has small pale oval at middle of termen. FP Mulleins, mallows. (2430)

72.084 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 280

72.085 CMM

73.008  Golden Twin-spot Chrysodeixis chalcites 19mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Scarce visitor from S Europe. Gold sheen and dark spot in fringe on termen as well as (usually) twin spots help identification. FP Tobacco, sages, chrysanthemums, etc. (2428) 73.009  Tunbridge Wells Gem Chrysodeixis acuta 19mm Migrant. Sep–Oct. Very scarce, from N Africa. Similar to Golden Twin-spot, but less golden. First recorded in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, in 1870. FP Barley, Linseed, Sorghum. (2429) 73.010  Dewick’s Plusia Macdunnoughia confusa 18mm Rare migrant. Jul–Oct. Scarce. Widespread in Europe. Elongated silvery mark is diagnostic. Similar to resident Gold Spangle, but that has much shorter, thicker, more golden mark. FP Common Nettle, Yarrow, chamomiles. (2436)

73.011  Scarce Burnished Brass Diachrysia chryson 22mm Very local. Jul–Aug. Damp open woods, marshes, fens, river valleys. Also regular on hot, open coastal undercliff in Gower, S Wales. FP Hemp-agrimony, mostly on plants growing in shade. (2435)

72.085 CMM

16/10/2014 16:42

72.086 TJN

72.087 CMM

72.088 CMM

73.001 CMM

73.001 CMM

73.002 CMM

73.003 TT

73.002 CMM

73.004 TD

73.005 MC

73.008 CMM

73.009 TT

73.010 CMM

73.011 CMM

73.011 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 281

73.011 CMM

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282 

NOCTUIDAE



73.012  Burnished Brass Diachrysia chrysitis 19mm Common. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Throughout on rough ground, commons, hedges, gardens. Two forms are equally common. FP Common Nettle, also dead-nettles, Marjoram, Spear Thistle. (2434)

73.017  Plain Golden Y Autographa jota 20mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout Britain in woods, downs, hedges, suburban gardens, heaths, moors. Plainer than above. FP Herbaceous plants, including Common Nettle, dead-nettle, Honeysuckle. (2443)



73.014  Golden Plusia Polychrysia moneta 22mm Common. Jun–Aug. Garden and park species mainly in S Britain. FP Flowers and leaves of delphiniums, Monk’s-hood, larkspurs. (2437)

73.018  Gold Spangle Autographa bractea 21mm Common. Jul–Aug. Mainly northern distribution, in woods, gardens, hedges, moors, meadows. Large central mark unmistakable. FP Herbaceous plants, including Common Nettle, dead-nettles, Honeysuckle, Bilberry, Ground-ivy. (2444)

73.015  Silver Y Autographa gamma 21mm Migrant. May–Oct. Usually a common to abundant breeding migrant, does not overwinter. Flies by day visiting flowers and to light. Similar to scarce Ni Moth but Y is more pronounced and not separated. FP Various wild and cultivated plants, including Cabbage, Runner Bean, bedstraws, clovers, Common Nettle, Honeysuckle, etc. (2441) 73.016  Beautiful Golden Y Autographa pulchrina 20mm Common. May–Aug. Common everywhere except Channel Islands in woods, hedges, gardens, heaths, moors. Deeper, richer colour and more ornate than Plain Golden Y, with faintly outlined kidney mark. FP Herbaceous plants, including Common Nettle, Honeysuckle, Ragwort. (2442)

73.019  Stephens’ Gem Megalographa biloba 19mm Summer migrant. An abundant North American species recorded as an immigrant about 5 times. The individual shown came to light on the Gower Peninsula, Wales, in 2002. FP Pest on Tobacco, Cabbage, Lettuce. (2445) 73.020  Essex Y Cornutiplusia circumflexa 18mm Migrant. Two British records, in Essex in 1802 and Hampshire in 1979. From SE Europe through Asia to Japan. FP Polyphagous on vegetables and wild plants. (2448)

73.021  Scarce Silver Y Syngrapha interrogationis 18mm Local. Jun–Aug. Widespread on moorland. Occasional immigrants occur in the south. FP Heathers, Bilberry. (2447)

73.015 gammina NS

73.012 f. juncta CMM

73.015 CMM

73.012 f. aurea CMM 

73.015 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 282

16/10/2014 16:42

73.017 CMM

73.014 CJS

73.017 CMM

73.016 CMM

73.016 DGG

73.018 CMM

73.019 DJP

73.020 RPJ

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 283

73.021 CMM

73.021 CMM

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284 

NOCTUIDAE

73.022  Gold Spot Plusia festucae 18mm Common. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Throughout in damp woods, fens, ditches, riverbanks, heaths, moors. The 2 silvery blotches are sometimes joined. Similar to scarcer Lempke’s Gold Spot, below. FP Sedges, Yellow Iris, Water-plantain. (2439)

73.023  Lempke’s Gold Spot Plusia putnami gracilis 17mm Local. Jul–Aug. Similar to Gold Spot, but paler, smaller, outer of 2 central white marks is rounder, apical streaks at forewing tip are shorter and not pointed. FP Wood and Purple small-reed, Yorkshire Fog. (2440)



73.024  Marbled White Spot Deltote pygarga 12mm Common. May–Jul. Bright white patch towards trailing corner is diagnostic. Open, acid woods, grassy heaths and moors. FP Grasses, including Purple Moor-grass, False Brome. (2410)

73.025  Pretty Marbled Deltote deceptoria 11mm Migrant. Apr–Jul. Scarce, from central Europe. FP Grasses. (2411)

73.026  Silver Hook Deltote uncula 12mm Local. May–Jul. Scattered throughout in fens, marshes, boggy heathland and moors. FP Tufted Hair-grass, Wood-sedge, etc. (2412)



73.027  Silver Barred Deltote bankiana 12mm Rare. May–Jul, Aug. Resident in Chippenham and Wicken fens in Cambridgeshire, peat bogs in SW Ireland. FP Purple Moor-grass, Smooth Meadow-grass. (2413)

73.028  Pale Shoulder Acontia lucida 15mm Rare migrant. Jun–Aug. Variable. From hot, dry parts of S Europe and N Africa. FP Mallows. (2415) 73.029  Spotted Sulphur Acontia trabealis 11mm Presumed extinct. Jun–Jul. Formerly resident in Brecks of East Anglia but not seen since 1960. Flies in sunshine. FP Field Bindweed. (2414) 73.030  Sorcerer Aedia leucomelas 19mm Rare migrant. Jun–Sep. First British record on 11 Sep 2006 from Isle of Wight. From S Europe around the Mediterranean. FP Convolvulus. (2464a) 73.0301  Aedia funesta 16mm Rare migrant. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. First British record on 13 Jun 2014 in Kent. From S Europe around the Mediterranean. FP Bindweed (2464b)

73.031 Four-spotted Tyta luctuosa 14mm Scarce. UK BAP. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Very local. Likes hot, dry, south-facing slopes. FP Field Bindweed. (2465)



73.032  Nut-tree Tussock Colocasia coryli 17mm Common. Apr–Jun, Jul–Sep. Widespread in broadleaved woodland. FP Hazel, birches, Beech, oaks, Field Maple, Hornbeam. (2425)

73.022 CMM

73.023 RPJ

73.024 CMM

73.0225 DGG

73.026 CMM

73.027 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 284

16/10/2014 16:43

73.028 CMM

73.028 CMM

73.028 CMM

73.029 CMM

73.029 CMM

73.029 NS

73.030 CMM

73.030 CMM

73.0301 CMM

73.031 CMM

73.032 CJS

73.031 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 285

73.032 CMM

16/10/2014 16:43

286 

NOCTUIDAE



73.033  Figure of Eight Diloba caeruleocephala 18mm Common. Oct–Nov. Similar to Figure of Eighty, but that flies in spring. Gardens, hedges, woods, scrub. FP Blackthorn, hawthorns, Crab-apple, wild roses, Bullace, etc. (2020)



73.039 Sycamore Acronicta aceris 22mm Local. Jun–Aug. Distinctive S-shaped, zigzag white outer cross-line. Urban parks, gardens, woods, scrub. FP Sycamore, Horse Chestnut, Field Maple, oaks. (2279)



73.034  Scarce Merveille du Jour Moma alpium 18mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Unmistakable. Very local in mature oak woods in far S England. FP Pedunculate and Sessile oaks. (2277)





73.035  Reed Dagger Simyra albovenosa 18mm Scarce. May–Jul, Aug–Sep. Has a pure white hind wing. Reedbeds. FP Common Reed. (2290)

73.040 Miller Acronicta leporina 20mm Common. May–Aug. Throughout, in woods, heaths, moors, urban areas. Has black crescent at inner edge of kidney mark. FP Birches, Common Alder, willows, Aspen, poplars, oaks. (2280)



73.036  Alder Moth Acronicta alni 17mm Local. May–Jun. Damp woods and scrub. FP Common Alder, birches, Goat Willow, etc. (2281)

73.037  Dark Dagger Acronicta tridens 19mm Common. May–Jul. Southern, in woods, gardens, etc. Visually identical to Grey Dagger, but different genitalia and caterpillars. FP Various trees and shrubs, including hawthorns, Blackthorn, roses, sallows, pears, Apple. (2283) 73.038  Grey Dagger Acronicta psi 19mm Common. May–Jul. Visually identical to Dark Dagger, but different genitalia and caterpillars. In most habitats, including woods, gardens, hedges, scrub, grassland, heaths. FP Various trees and shrubs, including hawthorns, Blackthorn, Apple, birches, limes, elms. (2284)

73.033 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 286

73.041  Marsh Dagger Acronicta strigosa 14mm Extinct. Jun–Jul. Formerly in Cambridgeshire but not seen since 1933. FP Hawthorns. (2285)

73.042  Light Knot Grass Acronicta menyanthidis 17mm Local. May–Jul. Northern, on moors, damp heaths, bogs. Kidney mark and very small oval have dark outlines. FP Bog-myrtle, Bilberry, heathers, sallows. (2286)

73.043  Scarce Dagger Acronicta auricoma 18mm Migrant. May–Jul. Formerly resident of Sussex, Surrey, Kent in oak woodland, but not seen since around 1920. Scarce migrant since. Oval mark has central dot. FP Oaks. (2287)

73.044  Sweet Gale Moth Acronicta cinerea 18mm Scarce. Apr–Jun. Found on northern moorland and W Ireland. Lacks ‘dagger’ mark at base of forewing. FP Bog-myrtle, heathers, Eared and Creeping willow, plantains. (2288)



73.045  Knot Grass Acronicta rumicis 18mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Widespread in gardens, woods, grassland, verges, heaths. Bright white zigzag at trailing edge where wings meet is diagnostic. FP Many herbaceous and woody plants. (2289)

73.034 CMM

16/10/2014 16:43

73.034 CMM

73.034 CMM

73.035 NS

73.036 suffusa SD

73.036 CMM

73.037 CMM

73.038 CMM

73.039 CMM

73.040 Scottish RL

73.041 CS

73.042 CJS

73.040 CMM

73.042 PGC

73.042 suffusa DAG

73.043 JV

73.044 RL

73.045 CMM

73.045 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 287

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288 

NOCTUIDAE



73.046  Poplar Grey Subacronicta megacephala 20mm Common. May–Aug. Has slight pale patch beyond kidney mark. Woods, commons, parks, roadsides, urban areas. FP Black and other poplars, Aspen, willows. (2278)



73.047 Coronet Craniophora ligustri 18mm Local. Jun–Jul. Throughout, but more common in the south. Has crown-like white area beyond kidney mark. Form coronula occurs regularly. Woods, scrub, heaths, moors, downland. FP Ash, Wild Privet. (2291)



73.048  Small Yellow Underwing Panemeria tenebrata 9mm Local. May–Jun. Very small. Flies busily in sunshine in flowery meadows, resting immediately if shaded. FP Seeds of Common and Field mouse-ear. (2397)

73.053  Chamomile Shark Cucullia chamomillae 22mm Local. Apr–May. Very similar to Shark but flies earlier, is smaller and darker, and black veins extend into fringe on termen. Rough grass, commons, etc., often coastal. FP Flowers of chamomiles, Scentless Mayweed, Feverfew. (2214) 73.055  Star-wort Cucullia asteris 24mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Similar to Mullein but outer margins not scalloped, oval and kidney marks usually visible, and flies later in year. Coastal saltmarsh and in woodland. FP Flowers of Sea Aster on coasts, in woods on Goldenrod. (2217)

73.049  Goldwing Synthymia fixa 18mm Vagrant/ Accidental. Jun–Jul. Day-flying Mediterranean species. One British record from Devon in 1937. FP Bitumen Vetch. (2395)

73.057  Striped Lychnis Cucullia lychnitis 21mm Scarce. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Similar to Mullein, but smaller, later flight period, faint zigzag mark on costa. Chalk downs and open, unshaded sites. FP Flowers of Dark Mullein, occasionally other mulleins. (2219)



73.050 Wormwood Cucullia absinthii 19mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Scattered colonies, mainly coastal but also quarries, slag heaps, Brecks of East Anglia, railway ballast, cleared industrial sites. FP Flowers and seeds of Wormwood, Mugwort. (2211)

73.058 Mullein Cucullia verbasci 24mm Common. Apr–May. Outer wing margins scalloped. Gregarious larvae very noticeable on mulleins in gardens, roadsides, woods, downs, rough or wasteground. FP Leaves of mulleins, figworts, buddlejas. (2221)



73.059  Toadflax Brocade Calophasia lunula 15mm Rare. May–Jun, Aug. Very scarce on sparsely vegetated shingle beaches at Dungeness, Kent, and along southeast coasts. Occasional migrant. FP Toadflaxes. (2223)



73.052  Shark Cucullia umbratica 24mm Common. Jun–Jul. Similar to Chamomile Shark. Sharks are named after their forward-pointing collar, resembling a shark’s dorsal fin. Rough ground, downs, beaches, commons, gardens. FP Flowers and leaves of sow-thistles, Wild Lettuce, hawk’s beards, hawkweeds. (2216)

73.046 CMM

73.048 SR

73.049 CMM

73.049 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 288

73.060  Antirrhinum Brocade Calophasia platyptera 15mm May–Oct. Vagrant/Accidental. One record from Sussex in 1896. European. FP Snapdragons and toadflaxes. (2224)

73.047 f. coronula (top) CMM

16/10/2014 16:43

73.050 NS

73.052 NS

73.053 CMM

73.055 CMM

73.055 CMM

73.053 CMM

73.057 DF

73.058 CMM

73.058 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 289

73.059 JV

73.060 CMM

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290 

NOCTUIDAE

73.061  Anomalous Stilbia anomala 15–17mm Local. Aug–Sep. On heaths and moors throughout, and Brecks of East Anglia, sometimes coastal dunes. Female is smaller and browner, with markings less clearly defined than male. FP Wavy and Tufted hair-grass. (2394) 73.062  Copper Underwing Amphipyra pyramidea 25mm Common. Jul–Oct. Very similar to Svensson’s Copper Underwing. Viewed from underneath (in a clear container), underwing has minimal copper marking along body. Woods, parks, gardens, hedges, scrub. FP Many low-growing trees and shrubs. (2297) 73.063  Svensson’s Copper Underwing Amphipyra berbera svenssoni 25mm Common. Jul–Sep. Very similar to Copper Underwing. Viewed from underneath (in a clear container), underwing has copper marking extending full length of body. Woods, parks, gardens, hedgerows, scrub. FP Pedunculate Oak, limes, Hornbeam, sallows, rhododendrons. (2298)



73.064  Mouse Moth Amphipyra tragopoginis 17mm Common. Jul–Sep. Widespread in woods, gardens, dunes, moors. Mouse-coloured and runs to hide when exposed. FP Leaves and flowers of various herbaceous plants. (2299) 73.065 Sprawler Asteroscopus sphinx 20mm Common. Oct–Dec. Widespread in woodland and scrub, mainly southern, in late autumn. FP Many trees, including oaks, hawthorns, Hazel, Blackthorn. (2227)

73.061 / NS

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 290



73.066  Rannoch Sprawler Brachionycha nubeculosa 25mm Rare. Mar–Apr. Found only in Scottish Highlands in mature birch woods. FP Birches. (2228)



73.068  Green-brindled Crescent Allophyes oxyacanthae 20mm Common. Sep–Nov. Throughout in woods, hedges, gardens, scrub. Dark form usually in industrial areas. FP Blackthorn, hawthorns, Crab-apple, Dog Rose, plums, Rowan. (2245)



73.069  Early Grey Xylocampa areola 17mm Common. Mar–May. Common throughout in woods, hedges, gardens, scrub. Usually grey, can be purple-tinged. FP Honeysuckle. (2243)



73.070  Bordered Sallow Pyrrhia umbra 18mm Local. Jun–Jul. Mainly coastal in dunes and cliffs, but also downland in south, sometimes in woods. FP Common and Spiny restharrow, Henbane, Sea Sandwort. Also Hazel, oaks, willows. (2399)

73.071  Spotted Clover Moth Protoschinia scutosa 16mm Rare migrant. Jun–Aug. Occurs in Europe, Asia, N Africa. FP Wormwood, goosefoots. (2405) 73.072  Marbled Clover Heliothis viriplaca 16mm Rare. Jun–Jul, Aug. Found in Brecks of East Anglia, chalk downs and meadows of SE England. Also a migrant. Flies in sunshine. FP Flowers and seeds of various plants, including restharrows, campions, Wild Carrot, clovers, groundsels. (2401)

73.061 ? CMM

16/10/2014 16:43

73.062 NS

73.062 CMM

73.063 NS

73.064 CMM

73.065 CMM

73.063 CMM

73.066 DGG

73.068 capucina CJS

73.068 CMM

73.070 CJS

73.069 CJS

73.068 CMM

73.070 CMM

73.071 DM

73.072 CMM

Moths 2014 pp272-291.indd 291

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292 

NOCTUIDAE 73.073  Shoulder-striped Clover Heliothis maritima 16mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Very local on damp, acid, southern heaths. Flies in sunshine. FP Flowers of Cross-leaved Heath, heathers, Bog Asphodel. (2402)

73.074  Bordered Straw Heliothis peltigera 20mm Migrant. Jun–Sep. Regular migrant. Dark mark between kidney and costa and single black dot in trailing corner are diagnostic. FP Restharrows, Ploughman’s-spikenard, Scentless Mayweed, groundsels. (2403) 73.075  Eastern Bordered Straw Heliothis nubigera 17mm Migrant. May–Jun. Scarce migrant from E Mediterranean, Canaries. Smaller than Scarce Bordered Straw, with bold black dots along outer edge of forewing. FP Cultivated and wild plants. (2404) 73.076  Scarce Bordered Straw Helicoverpa armigera 20mm Migrant. Sep–Oct. Variable, similar to smaller, scarcer Eastern Bordered Straw, but only weak or no dark dots on termen. FP Pest on cultivated plants, including cotton, Maize, Tomato. (2400)

73.078  Reddish Buff Acosmetia caliginosa 15mm Rare. UK BAP. May–Jun. Found in 1 spot on Isle of Wight only, on open, unshaded heath. Named after its colour. Female is smaller than male. FP Saw-wort. (2393)

73.079  Silvery Gem Eucarta virgo 14mm Migrant or import. May–Aug. Herefordshire 2006. From southeast Europe but range is expanding. FP Mugwort. (2310a) 73.080  Latin Callopistria juventina 16mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. Very rare migrant from S Europe. FP Bracken. (2308) 73.081  Latreille’s Latin Callopistria latreillei 14mm Migrant. Jun–Oct. Rare, first seen in Kent in 2006. Resident of S Europe. Rests with legs projecting from wings. FP Ferns. (2309)

73.073 DF

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 292

73.074 DGG

73.082  Tree-lichen Beauty Cryphia algae 14mm Rare migrant. Jul–Sep. From S Europe, usually recorded from south coasts. Broad lichencoloured band near forewing base is distinctive. FP Lichens. (2292) 73.083  Marbled Grey Bryophila raptricula 14mm Rare migrant. Jul–Aug. Occasional records from south-east coast. FP Lichens on rocks, walls, trees, roofs. (2294)

73.084  Marbled Beauty Bryophila domestica 12mm Common. Jul–Aug. Widespread on rocky cliffs, urban areas and old buildings, old walls. Has pale band with wavy black cross-line right across forewing near base. FP Lichens on rocks, walls, trees, roofs. (2293)

73.085  Marbled Green Nyctobrya muralis 14mm Local. Jul–Aug. Southern species, mainly on rocky coasts, also in urban areas and country with stone walls. Variable ground colour, without continuous band and cross-line of Marbled Beauty. FP Lichens on rocks, walls, roofs. (2295) 73.086  Shining Marbled Pseudeustrotia candidula 12mm Import. May–Sep. One British record on 28 Oct 2006 from Hereford. Occurs in E Europe, from Sweden to Iran. Likely to have been imported as larva or egg in fruit plants. FP Grasses, bur-reeds, docks, sorrels. (2413a) 73.087  Small Mottled Willow Spodoptera exigua 15mm Migrant. Jun–Oct. Regular migrant, usually in the south. Rests with wings wrapped around body; oval and kidney marks orange. FP Various herbaceous plants. (2385) 73.088  Dark Mottled Willow Spodoptera cilium 15mm Rare migrant. Sep–Oct. African species, also in S Spain and France, Canaries. FP Short grass on lawns, golf courses. (2386c)

73.075 PAD

16/10/2014 17:18

73.076 NS

73.076 CMM

73.078 TJN

73.079 RDJ

73.080 CMM

73.081 CMM

73.082 NS

73.082 NS

73.082 JV

73.083 CMM

73.084 CMM

73.084 CMM

73.085 CMM

73.085 CMM

73.085 PAD

73.086 CMM

73.087 CMM

73.088 TD

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 293

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294 

NOCTUIDAE

73.089  Mediterranean Brocade Spodoptera littoralis 18mm Migrant. Jun–Oct. Scarce migrant and import from Africa, S Mediterranean, Canaries. FP Wide variety of fruit and vegetables, including bananas, Maize, Potato, chrysanthemums. (2386)



73.096 Uncertain Hoplodrina octogenaria 15mm Common. Jun–Aug. Cross-lines scalloped, with narrow dark central bar, hind wing brown. Woods, meadows, gardens, urban parks. FP Low plants, including primroses, chickweeds, docks, dead-nettles. (2381)

73.091  Rosy Marbled Elaphria venustula 10mm Scarce. May–Jul. Inhabits warm, dry open woods and heaths on acid soils with Bracken. FP Probably Tormentil, Creeping Cinquefoil. (2396)



73.097 Rustic Hoplodrina blanda 15mm Common. Jun–Aug. Similar to Uncertain but shiny earth brown with markings less distinct, hind wing pale. FP Low plants, including docks, plantains. Woods, meadows, gardens, urban parks. (2382)



73.092  Mottled Rustic Caradrina morpheus 15mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout, in gardens, woods, farmland, scrub. Darker than Uncertain, Rustic or Vine’s Rustic, markings indistinct, very pale hind wing. FP Various plants, including Common Nettle, docks, Dandelion. (2387)

73.093  Clancy’s Rustic Caradrina kadenii 15mm Migrant from S and central Europe. Sep–Oct. First recorded 2002, many records since, possibly resident on south coast. Pale grey and plain, only kidney mark shows. FP Low herbaceous plants. (2387a)

73.094  Lorimer’s Rustic Caradrina flavirena 15mm Vagrant/Accidental. Oct. One British record, in Middlesex in 1967. FP Herbaceous plants. (2388) 73.095  Pale Mottled Willow Caradrina clavipalpis 15mm Common. May–Jul, Aug–Oct. Throughout on farms, grassland, urban gardens. Dark marks along costa and white marks in kidney distinguish this from similar moths. FP Seeds of grass, cereals and plantains, garden Pea. (2389)

73.098  Powdered Rustic Hoplodrina superstes 14mm Migrant. Jun–Aug. Seven British records only. Similar to Uncertain, but greyer. FP Low plants, including docks, plantains. (2383)

73.099  Vine’s Rustic Hoplodrina ambigua 15mm Local. May–Jul, Aug–Sep. Smaller, paler and greyer than Uncertain and Rustic. Grassland, open woods, gardens, heathland. FP Low plants, including docks, plantains, knotgrasses. (2384)



73.100  Silky Wainscot Chilodes maritima 15mm Local. Jun–Jul. In reedbeds, but does wander. Variable, but curved costa, pointed apex and absence of palps help identification. FP Feeds on live or dead invertebrates as well as in stems of Common Reed. (2391)



73.101  Treble Lines Charanyca trigrammica 17mm Common. May–Jul. Variable. Common in the south in gardens, hedges, heaths, grassland, open woods. FP Low plants, including plantains, Dandelion, knapweeds, thistles. (2380)

73.091 TJN

73.089 DAG

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 294

73.093 CMM

16/10/2014 17:18

73.092 TM

73.092 DF

73.094 DAG

73.095 CMM

73.095 CMM

73.096 CMM

73.097 DAG

73.097 CMM

73.098 CS

73.099 DGG

73.100 CMM

73.100 f. nigristriata CMM

73.101 CMM

73.100 f. bipunctata DF

73.100 f. wismariensis PGC

73.101 CMM

73.101 CMM

73.101 Usual f. CMM

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296 

NOCTUIDAE



73.102  Brown Rustic Rusina ferruginea 18mm Common. Jun–Jul. Throughout, in woods, heaths, moorland, grassland, suburban gardens. FP Herbaceous plants, including docks, plantains, vetches. (2302)



73.109  Straw Underwing Thalpophila matura 20mm Common. Jul–Aug. Gardens, parks, dunes, sea cliffs, open grassland, heathland. FP Various grasses. (2303)



73.103  Marsh Moth Athetis pallustris 16mm Rare. UK BAP. May–Jun. Known from 2 sites on Lincolnshire coast only, on damp meadow just behind sand dunes. Female is much smaller than male. FP Meadowsweet, Ribwort Plantain. (2392)



73.110 Saxon Hyppa rectilinea 18mm Scarce. May–Jun. Open damp woods, upland marshes and moorland. FP Sallows, Bramble, Raspberry, Bilberry, Bearberry, Cowberry. (2320)

73.104  Porter’s Rustic Athetis hospes 11mm Migrant. May–Sep. S European species, occasionally recorded along south coast. FP Low plants. (2392a)

73.105  Bird’s Wing Dypterygia scabriuscula 18mm Local. May–Jul. Woods, scrub, heathland, rough ground. FP Docks, sorrels, knotgrasses, etc. (2301)



73.106  Orache Moth Trachea atriplicis 22mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. Formerly resident in East Anglia, last seen 1915. Now resident in Channel Islands, migrant on south coast, potential resident. FP Oraches, goosefoots, knotgrasses, etc. (2304)



73.107  Old Lady Mormo maura 35mm Local. Jul–Sep. Widespread but local in woods, marshes, gardens, hedges. Sometimes found roosting in sheds. FP Herbaceous and woody plants, including Ivy, docks, hawthorns. (2300)



73.108  Guernsey Underwing Polyphaenis sericata 19mm Local. Jun–Aug. In sheltered coastal valleys on Jersey and Guernsey only. Orange hind wing. FP Honeysuckle, oaks. (2302a)

73.111  Purple Cloud Actinotia polyodon 16mm Rare migrant. May–Aug. Unmistakable. Throughout Europe. Around 20 British records. FP St John’s-wort flowers and seeds. (2097) 73.112  Pale-shouldered Cloud Chloantha hyperici 17mm Rare migrant. May–Aug. Mainly Mediterranean. First recorded in Britain in 1996. FP St John’s-worts. (2097a)

73.113  Angle Shades Phlogophora meticulosa 25mm Common. May–Oct. Throughout, found anywhere. Unmistakable, with similar resting pose to Small Angle Shades. FP Many wild and cultivated woody and herbaceous plants. (2306)

73.114  Small Angle Shades Euplexia lucipara 16mm Common. Jun–Jul. Throughout in parks, woods, heaths, moors. Rests with forewing edge folded and head slightly down, as Angle Shades. Prominent cream kidney mark. FP Woody and herbaceous plants, especially Bracken. Also ferns, Foxglove, Common Nettle, mallows, etc. (2305)

73.116  Burren Green Calamia tridens 18mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Only in limestone Burren area of Ireland. FP Blue Moor-grass. (2366)

73.102 CMM

73.102 CMM

73.103 LG

73.104 CMM

73.105 CMM

73.106 MC

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 296

16/10/2014 17:18

73.108 CMM

73.107 JV

73.110 JV

73.109 CMM

73.111 CMM

73.113 CMM

73.116 KT

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 297

73.112 CMM

73.114 CMM

73.116 JV

16/10/2014 17:19

298 

NOCTUIDAE

73.117  Cameo Crypsedra gemmea 17mm Migrant. Jul–Sep. One British record only, in Berkshire in 1979. Widespread in Europe. FP Grasses. (2252a)







73.123  Rosy Rustic Hydraecia micacea 18–25mm Common. Aug–Oct. Throughout in gardens, hedges, fields, open woods. Variable size and ground colour but usually pink-brown tinge. FP Various low plants, including docks, plantains, Woundwort, Potato, strawberries, Hop. (2361)

73.118  Haworth’s Minor Celaena haworthii 14mm Local. Aug–Sep. Boggy, acid moors and marsh. FP Common Cottongrass and probably rushes. (2367) 73.119 Crescent Helotropha leucostigma 18mm Local. Jul–Sep. Variable. Throughout in reedbeds, marshes, damp moors. FP Yellow Iris, Great Fen-sedge. (2368) 73.120  Dusky Sallow Eremobia ochroleuca 16mm Common. Jul–Sep. Unmistakable. Grassland, coastal slopes, embankments. FP Grasses, including Cock’s-foot, False Oat-grass, couches. (2352)

73.122  Fisher’s Estuarine Moth Gortyna borelii lunata 25mm Rare. Sep–Oct. Similar to above, but larger and unlikely to be found casually. Easy to see sitting on foodplant after dark in Essex and Kent marshes, as long as you can find the foodplant in the first place! FP Stems and roots of Hog’s Fennel. (2365)

73.119 CMM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 298

73.124 Butterbur Hydraecia petasitis 20mm Local. Aug–Sep. Larger and browner than Rosy Rustic, with pointed apex. Can be found at dusk by torchlight flying around foodplant. Banks, verges, ditches, damp fields. FP Butterbur. (2362)



73.125  Marsh Mallow Moth Hydraecia osseola hucherardi 20mm Rare. UK BAP. Sep. In just 2 locations 40km apart in saltmarsh meadows. First discovered in 1951. FP Marsh Mallow. (2363)

73.126  Saltern Ear Amphipoea fucosa paludis 17mm Local. Aug–Sep. All 4 ‘ear’ moths are very similar and variable. There are ‘typical’ forms but need gen det to confirm identification. Saltmarshes, sand-dunes and wet moors around coasts. FP Probably grass stems and roots. (See also image on p.300.) (2358)

73.121  Frosted Orange Gortyna flavago 17mm Common. Aug–Oct. Throughout in woods, hedges, rough pastures, dunes, gardens. FP Thistles, burdocks, Foxglove, ragworts, mulleins, etc. (2364)

73.117 CMM





73.127  Large Ear Amphipoea lucens 18mm Local. Aug–Sep. Kidney mark often orange-red, but see Saltern Ear. Wet, acid moors and marshes. FP Roots and stems of Purple Moor-grass, Common Cottongrass. (2357)

73.118 CMM

73.119 CMM

73.119 CMM

16/10/2014 17:19

73.120 CMM

73.120 NS

73.121 CMM

73.121 CMM

73.122 CMM

73.122 CMM

73.124 MD

73.125 DGG

73.123 CMM 

73.127 PGC

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 299



73.126 CMM

73.126 CMM

73.126 DF

16/10/2014 17:19

300 

NOCTUIDAE

73.128  Ear Moth Amphipoea oculea 14mm Common. Jul–Sep. Throughout Britain on damp meadows, moors, marshes, in damp open woods, grassland, gardens. Kidney and oval usually orange or white. FP Roots and stems of grasses, including Annual Meadow-grass, Tufted Hair-grass. (2360)

73.129  Crinan Ear Amphipoea crinanensis 17mm Local. Aug–Sep. Both kidney and oval marks are usually orange. Moors and damp meadows. FP Probably grass stems and roots. (2359)

73.130  Dumeril’s Rustic Luperina dumerilii 15mm Migrant. Aug–Sep. A few records from south coast. FP Grass roots. (2355)

73.131  Flounced Rustic Luperina testacea 16mm Common. Aug–Sep. Widespread on grassland, especially coastal dunes. Colour varies, pattern fairly constant. FP Grasses, including couches, fescues. (2353)



73.132  Sandhill Rustic Luperina nickerlii 15mm Scarce. Jul–Sep. Oval is tiny; kidney has white outline. Coastal beaches, saltmarshes, coastal cliffs. FP Sand Couch, saltmarsh-grasses. (2354)



73.134  Large Wainscot Rhizedra lutosa 22mm Common. Aug–Oct. Widespread, but local in Scotland. Damp, but not wet, reedbeds, ditches. FP Inside roots and stem bases of Common Reed. (2375)

73.135  Blair’s Wainscot Sedina buettneri 15mm Rare. Oct. Flies briefly at dusk in early Oct. In stands of sedge in E Dorset, where it was rediscovered in 1996 after being thought extinct since 1952. Small, brownish with very pointed wing tip, dark hind wing. FP Inside stems of Lesser Pond-sedge. (2376)

73.136  Bulrush Wainscot Nonagria typhae 18–23mm Common. Jul–Oct. Widespread in marshes, ponds, ditches, wet fields, even small areas. White veins extend into termen fringe. Female larger and paler than male. FP Bulrush, Lesser Bulrush. (2369)



73.137  Fen Wainscot Arenostola phragmitidis 16mm Local. Jul–Aug. Plain wing sometimes darker towards outer edge, slightly silky look. Reedbeds, usually near coasts, but does wander even into gardens. FP Inside stems of Common Reed. (2377)



73.138  Lyme Grass Longalatedes elymi 17mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. In coastal sand dunes and saltmarsh from Suffolk northwards and at Camber Sands, Sussex. FP Stems of Lyme-grass at ground level. (2348)



73.139  Twin-spotted Wainscot Lenisa geminipuncta 12mm Local. Aug–Sep. Sometimes common in the south. Pale to dark brown with, ideally, 2 white spots in kidney mark, but can be 1 or none. Reedbeds, reedy ditches, ponds. FP Stems of Common Reed. (2370)

73.128 PAD

73.128 (Saltern Ear, right) CMM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 300

73.129 RL

16/10/2014 17:19

73.130 MSP

73.131 CJS

73.131 CMM

73.132 NS

73.132 NS

73.131 CMM

73.135 CMM

73.134 / CMM

73.134 ? CMM

73.136 / DF

73.136 ? CMM

73.137 NS

73.138 SR

73.139 NS

73.139 CMM

73.132 RL

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 301

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302 

NOCTUIDAE



73.140  White-mantled Wainscot Archanara neurica 12mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Very scarce, from 16km stretch of coastal reedbeds in Suffolk only. Has faint white collar (mantle) on thorax and 3 faint white marks along central vein. FP Stems of Common Reed. (2372)



73.141  Brown-veined Wainscot Archanara dissoluta 14mm Local. Jul–Sep. Scattered, in southern reedbeds. Dark streak down centre of forewing, kidney mark usually outlined with white. FP Stems of Common Reed. (2371)

73.142  Small Rufous Coenobia rufa 10mm Local. Jul–Aug. Similar to Small Wainscot but round-winged and with small thorax and flatter posture. Fens, bogs, marshy fields, damp heaths, rough damp pasture. FP Stems of Jointed, Sharp-flowered and Soft rush. (2379)

73.143  Brighton Wainscot Oria musculosa 15mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Discovered near Brighton in late 19th century. Declining and now confined to Salisbury Plain, possibly extinct. FP Stems of grasses and cereals. (2378)



73.144  Small Wainscot Denticucullus pygmina 12mm Common. Aug–Sep. Throughout, in damp woods, marshes, damp moorland, etc. Colours vary, no kidney mark. FP Sedges, rushes, grasses. (2350)



73.145  Mere Wainscot Photedes fluxa 14mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Kidney mark has grey patch. Damp ancient woods and rough, wet meadows. FP Wood Small-reed. (2349)



73.146  Least Minor Photedes captiuncula expolita 8mm Rare. Jun–Aug. Restricted to open limestone grassland areas of N England and the Burren, mainly coastal. Flies in afternoon sunshine. FP Glaucous Sedge. (2344)



73.147  Small Dotted Buff Photedes minima 11–14mm Common. Jun–Aug. Sexually dimorphic, male is larger and plainer. Damp woods, marshes and damp meadows. FP Tufted Hair-grass. (2345)



73.148  Morris’s Wainscot Photedes morrisii 14mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Restricted to 24km of coast in W Dorset to Devon on damp, warm, bare undercliffs. FP Tall Fescue. (2346)



73.149 Concolorous Photedes extrema 11mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Has conspicuous row of black dots near outer edge of forewing. Ancient marshy woods and dryish fens. FP Purple and Wood small-reed. (2347)



73.150  Fenn’s Wainscot Protarchanara brevilinea 18mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Drier or sparser parts of reedbeds in East Anglia. Wings dusted black, with row of black dots for outer cross-line. FP Stems and leaves of Common Reed. (2351)

73.151  Webb’s Wainscot Globia sparganii 18mm Scarce. Aug–Oct. Usually with dark central ‘C’ mark and row of black dots at termen. Ponds, lakes, ditches, mostly near coasts. FP Stems of Bulrush, also Lesser Reedmace, Yellow Iris, Common Club-rush, Branched Bur-reed. (2373)

73.152  Rush Wainscot Globia algae 15–18mm Rare. Aug–Sep. Edges of gravel pits, broads, ponds. Pointed apex, without black dots at termen. Female larger and paler. FP Inside stems of bulrushes, Yellow Iris, Common Club-rush. (2374)

73.154  Dusky Brocade Apamea remissa 18mm Common. Jun–Jul. Throughout in gardens, grassland, open woods, hedges, heaths. Variable, but distinct ‘W’ on outer pale cross-line, and bright cross-line between kidney marks. FP Grasses, including Reed Canarygrass, Common Couch. (2330)

73.140 NS

73.140 NS

73.141 DF

73.142 CMM

73.142 CMM

73.141 CMM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 302

16/10/2014 17:19

73.143 DGG

73.144 CMM

73.144 CMM

73.145 DF

73.145 SR

73.146 DGG

73.147 / DF

73.147 ? CMM

73.148 DF

73.149 AM

73.150 AF

73.151 NS

73.152 ? RL

73.154 CMM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 303

73.151 CMM

73.154 CMM

73.151 PAD

16/10/2014 17:19

304 

NOCTUIDAE

73.155  Clouded Brindle Apamea epomidion 19mm Common. Jun–Jul. Throughout but more common in the south. Markings more distinct than Clouded-bordered Brindle, with dark outline to oval. Open woods, scrub, parks. FP Grasses, including Tufted Hair-grass, Cock’s-foot. (2327)

73.156  Clouded-bordered Brindle Apamea crenata 20mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout in gardens, downland, moors, coastal vegetated dunes, machair. Two regular colour forms. FP Cock’s-foot and other grasses. (2326)

73.157  Large Nutmeg Apamea anceps 21mm Local. Jun–Jul. On chalk downs, farms, in gardens and woods, mainly southern. Markings clear but weak, including fine cross-lines and white outlines to oval and kidney marks. FP Grasses, including cereals, Cock’s-foot, Common Couch. (2333)



73.158  Rustic Shoulder-knot Apamea sordens 18mm Common. May–Jul. Black, slightly branched, basal streak. Grassland, open woods, farmland, gardens. FP Grasses, including cereals, Cock’s-foot, Common Couch. (2334) 73.159  Small Clouded Brindle Apamea unanimis 16mm Common. May–Jul. Kidney mark is defined with white, most notable on the outer edge. Two dark basal streaks. Damp woods and grassland, marshes, lake edges. FP Grasses, including Reed Canary-grass, Wavy Hair-grass. (2331)

73.160  Slender Brindle Apamea scolopacina 17mm Local. Jun–Aug. Dark patch on back of thorax is obvious. Open woods with grassy tracks and clearings. FP Grasses, including Wood Millet, Wood Mellick, Wood Meadow-grass, False Brome, Quaking-grass. (2335)



73.161  Crescent Striped Apamea oblonga 21mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Indistinct markings, with a silky sheen. Coastal on saltmarshes, estuaries, tidal riverbanks. FP Roots and stems of saltmarsh-grasses, Red Fescue. (2325)

73.162  Dark Arches Apamea monoglypha 24mm Common. Jun–Aug, Sep–Oct. Common to abundant throughout, almost anywhere. Large and conspicuous oval and kidney marks, pale ‘W’ at termen and dark ‘V’ beside thorax. FP Grasses, including Cock’s-foot, couches. (2321)

73.163  Light Arches Apamea lithoxylaea 22mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout, in grassy areas. Dark scythe-shaped mark in centre is distinctive. FP Grasses, including Annual Meadow-grass. (2322)



73.164  Reddish Light Arches Apamea sublustris 19mm Local. Jun–Jul. Limestone downs and cliff slopes, Breckland, vegetated dunes. FP Probably on roots of grasses. (2323)

73.165  Confused Apamea furva britannica 17mm Local. Jul–Sep. Inhabits rocky coasts and high moorland. Similar to Dusky Brocade but markings less distinct, very straight forewing edge, black triangles in front of outer cross-line. FP Grasses, including Rough and Wood meadow-grass. (2329) 73.166  Scarce Brindle Apamea lateritia 21mm Rare migrant. Jul–Aug. Mostly east coast records, from N Europe. FP Grasses. (2328)

73.155 CMM

73.155 NS

73.158 CMM

73.156 f. combusta CMM 

73.156 CMM

73.158 CMM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 304

16/10/2014 17:19

73.157 DF

73.159 CMM

73.159 PAD

73.160 NS

73.160 CMM

73.161 RL

73.162 aethiops CJS

73.162 CMM

73.163 CMM

73.164 CMM

73.166 DM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 305

73.165 DAG

73.165 OW

16/10/2014 17:19

306 

NOCTUIDAE



73.167  Exile/Northern Arches Apamea exulis 20mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. In Highlands of Scotland on high moors and grassland to over 1,000m. Shetland form, known as Exile, occurs on lower ground. FP Probably on grasses. (2324)



73.168  Double Lobed Lateroligia ophiogramma 15mm Local. Jun–Aug. Unmistakable. Widespread in damp woods, fens, marshes, water meadows, gardens. FP Wild and cultivated forms of Reed Canary-grass, Pampas-grass. (2336)

73.169  Common Rustic Mesapamea secalis 15mm Common. Jul–Aug. Common to abundant throughout on grasslands. This and Lesser Common Rustic virtually identical visually, and both variable. Needs gen det for identification. FP Grasses, including Cock’s-foot and fescues. (2343) 73.170  Lesser Common Rustic Mesapamea didyma 15mm Common. Jul–Aug. Distribution widespread but uncertain due to confusion with Common Rustic. This and Common Rustic virtually identical visually, and both variable, though black with white kidney mark is usually Lesser Common Rustic. Needs gen det for identification. Grasslands. FP Grasses, including Cock’s-foot and fescues. (2343a)

73.171  Rosy Minor Litoligia literosa 12mm Common. Jul–Aug. Distinctive red-brown and grey. Coastal limestone cliffs, dunes, downs with short grass. FP Grasses, including Sheep’s Fescue, False Oat-grass, Marram. (2342)

73.172  Cloaked Minor Mesoligia furuncula 11mm Common. Jul–Sep. Extremely variable but central bar, if present, is narrow; ground colour not pink like Rosy Minor. Coastal cliffs, dunes, downs with short grass. FP Grasses, including Tufted Hair-grass, Sheep’s Fescue, False Oat-grass. (2341)

73.167 DF

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 306

73.167 RL



73.173  Marbled Minor Oligia strigilis 12mm Common. May–Jul. Variable, can be similar to Rufous and Tawny Marbled minor, but usually with distinct white outer band, dark central band. Many grassy habitats, gardens, open woodland, marshes. FP Grasses. (2337)



73.174  Tawny Marbled Minor Oligia latruncula 11mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout, in grasslands, open woods, gardens. Variable, gen det needed for identification. Usually with coppery outer band. FP Grasses, including Cock’s-foot. (2339)



73.175  Rufous Minor Oligia versicolor 12mm Local. Jun–Jul. Variable, gen det needed for identification. Oval and kidney marks often pale brown. Woods, heaths, coasts, grassy areas. FP Probably grasses. (2338)



73.176  Middle-barred Minor Oligia fasciuncula 11mm Common. Jun–Jul. Throughout, in damp woods, grassland, gardens. White-edged dark central bar is diagnostic. FP Grasses, including Tufted Hair-grass. (2340)

73.177  Maize Wainscot Sesamia nonagrioides 16mm Migrant. Apr–Oct. First recorded in the Scillies in 2011. From SW Europe and Africa. FP Stems of reeds and Maize. (2379a)

73.178  Beautiful Gothic Leucochlaena oditis 15mm Rare. Aug–Oct. South coasts of England from Isle of Wight to Cornwall on grassy cliffs. Common where it does occur. FP Grasses, including Common Couch, Annual Meadowgrass. (2226)



73.179  Orange Sallow Tiliacea citrago 18mm Common. Aug–Sep. Widespread throughout in urban and rural areas with mature limes. Three complete cross-lines. FP Limes. (2271)

73.168 CMM

16/10/2014 17:19

73.169 CMM

73.172 CMM

73.169 CMM

73.169 CMM

73.170 CMM

73.171 CMM

73.172 CMM

73.172 CMM

73.171 CMM

73.172 RW

73.173 CMM

73.174 CMM

73.175 DGG

73.176 CMM

73.177 MW

73.178 CMM

73.179 CMM

73.179 NS

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 307

16/10/2014 17:20

308 

NOCTUIDAE



73.180  Barred Sallow Tiliacea aurago 17mm Common. Sep–Oct. Woods, hedges, farmland, etc., usually on calcareous ground. FP Field Maple, Beech. (2272)



73.181  Pink-barred Sallow Xanthia togata 16mm Common. Sep–Oct. Throughout, in damp woods and marshy places, fens, heathland. Red head and shoulders are distinctive. FP Catkins of sallows, poplars, later on leaves of docks and other herbaceous plants. (2273)

73.182  Sallow Cirrhia icteritia 18mm Common. Sep–Oct. Throughout, in damp woods and marshy places, heaths, moorland, gardens, hedges. Markings variable or almost absent, but with dark spot in kidney mark. Apex pointed or slightly hooked. FP Catkins of sallows, poplars, later on leaves of docks and other herbaceous plants. (2274)



73.183  Dusky-lemon Sallow Cirrhia gilvago 17mm Local. Aug–Oct. Markings variable, apex rounded. Woods, hedgerows and parks with mature elms large enough for flowering. FP Seeds and leaves of Wych Elm, English Elm. (2275) 73.184  Pale-lemon Sallow Cirrhia ocellaris 19mm Scarce. Sep–Oct. Apex is pointed. Parks, urban areas, riverbanks, road verges, windbreaks with poplars. FP Catkins, then leaves of Black and Lombardy poplars, as well as vegetation under the trees. (2276)

73.185  Pale Stigma Mesogona acetosellae 20mm Vagrant/Accidental. Aug–Oct. From central and S Europe. One British record only, in 1895. FP Blackthorn, hawthorns, oaks, poplars. (2141)



73.186  Beaded Chestnut Agrochola lychnidis 17mm Common. Sep–Nov. Variable, can be melanistic in Midlands. Narrow kidney mark. Woods, hedges, scrub, gardens, heaths, grassland. FP Herbaceous plants, low-growing tree leaves. (2267)

73.187  Brown-spot Pinion Agrochola litura 17mm Common. Aug–Oct. Widespread in woods, parks, gardens, heaths, hedges. Dark bar at base of forewing is diagnostic. FP Meadowsweet, sorrels, Bladder Campion, low-growing leaves of oaks, hawthorns, sallows. (2266)

73.188  Flounced Chestnut Agrochola helvola 19mm Common. Sep–Oct. Throughout, but more common in the south. Woods, scrub, heaths, moors. FP Oaks, elms, birches, willows, heathers, Bilberry. (2265)



73.189  Red-line Quaker Agrochola lota 17mm Common. Sep–Nov. Throughout in woods, parks, gardens, hedges, heaths. Dark spot in kidney mark, red outer cross-line. FP Catkins and leaves of willows. (2263)



73.190  Yellow-line Quaker Agrochola macilenta 17mm Common. Sep–Nov. Throughout in woods, parks, gardens, hedges, heaths. With or without dark spot in kidney mark, yellow outer cross-line. FP Oaks, poplars, Beech, sallows, etc. (2264)



73.191  Southern Chestnut Agrochola haematidea 16mm Scarce. Sep–Nov. On extensive heathland, first discovered in 1990. Flies for a very short time just at dusk. FP Flowers of Bell Heather. (2264a)

73.180 CMM

73.180 CMM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 308

73.181 CMM

16/10/2014 17:20

73.182 CMM

73.182 CMM

73.182 CMM

73.183 MC

73.183 NS

73.184 NS

73.185 NS

73.186 CMM

73.186 CMM

73.188 CMM

73.187 DGG

73.186 SD

73.188 CMM

73.189 CMM

73.190 CMM

73.191 TM

73.191 CMM

73.190 CMM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 309

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310 

NOCTUIDAE



73.192 Brick Agrochola circellaris 18mm Common. Sep–Dec. Widespread in woods, parks, gardens. Dark spot in kidney mark. FP Leaves and flowers of Wych Elm, Aspen, poplars, sallows, Ash. (2262)



73.193  Lunar Underwing Omphaloscelis lunosa 16mm Common. Aug–Oct. Hind wing has dark crescent – the ‘lunar’ shape. Downs, commons, rough ground, gardens. FP Leaves, stems and roots of grasses, including Yorkshire Fog, Annual Meadow-grass. (2270)





73.194 Chestnut Conistra vaccinii 15mm Common. Sep–May. Hibernates. Throughout Britain in woods, hedges, gardens. With or without dark spot in kidney mark, apex rounded. FP Oaks, elms, Blackthorn, hawthorns, birches, docks. (2258) 73.195  Dark Chestnut Conistra ligula 15mm Common. Oct–Feb. Throughout Britain in woods, farmland, gardens but less frequent than Chestnut. Similar to Chestnut but darker and apex slightly hooked. FP Hawthorns, sallows, oaks, docks, Dandelion. (2259)



73.196  Black-spotted Chestnut Conistra rubiginosa 18mm Rare. Sep–Apr. Found to be established in Kent in 2011. Woodland and suburban gardens. Hibernates. FP Various low plants, trees and shrubs. (2259a)



73.197  Dotted Chestnut Conistra rubiginea 17mm Scarce. Oct–Apr. Spring flight after hibernation. Woods, thick hedges and wooded heaths. FP Apples and their fallen leaves, probably Blackthorn, plums, sallows. (2260)

73.198  Red-headed Chestnut Conistra erythrocephala 18mm Rare migrant. Sep–Nov. Breeds in N France. Red thorax and 2 or 3 black dots in kidney mark are distinctive. FP Oaks, elms, Hornbeam. (2261)

73.192 CMM

73.193 CMM

73.192 CMM

73.193 CMM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 310



73.199  Orange Upperwing Jodia croceago 17mm Rare. UK BAP. Sep–May. Much declined. Spring flight after hibernation. Very scarce, formerly in open oak woods in S Britain only. FP Oak leaves on coppiced trees and low branches. (2257)



73.200  Tawny Pinion Lithophane semibrunnea 19mm Local. Oct–May. Spring flight follows hibernation. Differs from Pale Pinion in having tawny dark crest and dark bar from centre of forewing to trailing corner. Open woods, parks, gardens. Resembles a piece of bark. FP Ash. (2235)



73.201  Pale Pinion Lithophane socia 20mm Local. Oct–May. Similar to Tawny Pinion in lifestyle, habitat and looks, but without the dark bar or dark crest. FP Various trees and shrubs, including oaks, sallows, birches, Apple, Horse Chestnut, privets. (2236)



73.202  Grey Shoulder-knot Lithophane ornitopus lactipennis 19mm Common. Sep–Apr. Spring flight follows hibernation. Antler mark at base of forewing is distinctive. Deciduous woodland and parks. FP Oaks. (2237)

73.203  Conformist Lithophane furcifera furcifera 20mm Rare migrant. Aug–Apr. Hibernates. Similar to a richly marked Grey Shoulder-knot. Recorded in 1946 and 2007. From Denmark and Scandinavia. FP Beech, oaks, Common Alder, sallows, poplars. (2238) 73.205  Nonconformist Lithophane lamda 19mm Rare migrant. Sep–May. Hibernates. Similar to Conformist. From Denmark and Scandinavia. FP Bog-myrtle, Bilberry. (2239)

73.206  Blair’s Shoulder-knot Lithophane leautieri hesperica 20mm Common. Sep–Nov. First established on Isle of Wight in 1951, now spreading rapidly north in conifer plantations, parks, gardens. FP Leyland, Lawson’s and Monterey cypress. (2240)

73.193 CMM

16/10/2014 17:20

73.194 CMM

73.194 CMM

73.195 CMM

73.197 CMM

73.196 JV

73.195 SD

73.197 PGC

73.198 DF

73.198 SN

73.199 DM

73.199 DM

73.200 NS

73.201 CMM

73.202 CMM

73.203 TT

73.205 JV

73.206 CMM

73.206 CMM

Moths 2014 pp292-311.indd 311

16/10/2014 17:20

312 

NOCTUIDAE



73.207  Golden-rod Brindle Xylena solidaginis 22mm Local. Aug–Sep. A mainly northern species of moors, upland scrub and open woods. FP Heathers, Bilberry, Bearberry, Cowberry, Bog-myrtle, willows. (2233)



73.213 Olive Ipimorpha subtusa 15mm Local. Jul–Sep. Cross-lines curved slightly forward at costa. Damp woods, parks, gardens. FP Aspen, poplars. (2312)



73.208 Sword-grass Xylena exsoleta 28mm Scarce. UK BAP. Sep–Apr. Hibernates. Formerly widespread in England and Wales. Similar to Red Sword-grass but grey. Upland moors, rough pasture and open woodland. FP Various low plants. (2242)



73.214  White-spotted Pinion Cosmia diffinis 16mm Rare. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Bolder and brighter markings than Lesser-spotted Pinion. On mature elms only, not hedgerow growth. FP Elms. (2317)



73.215  Lesser-spotted Pinion Cosmia affinis 14mm Local. Jul–Aug. Widespread from Yorkshire southwards in elm woods and hedges. White forewing leading edge marks smaller than those of White-spotted Pinion. FP Elms. (2316)



73.216 Dun-bar Cosmia trapezina 16mm Common. Jul–Sep. Throughout, anywhere with trees or shrubs. Variable colour, constant markings. FP Most trees and shrubs. (2318)



73.217  Lunar-spotted Pinion Cosmia pyralina 15mm Local. Jul–Aug. Widespread from Yorkshire southwards in parks, gardens, woods and hedges. Leading forewing edge is curved. FP Elms, Apple, Bullace, hawthorns, Blackthorn. (2319)



73.218  Heart Moth Dicycla oo 16mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Very mature, open oak woods and parks. FP Pedunculate Oak. (2315)



73.219  Centre-barred Sallow Atethmia centrago 16mm Common. Aug–Sep. Widespread in the south, more local in Scotland. Woods, hedges, parks with Ash trees. FP Buds and flowers of Ash. (2269)

73.209  Red Sword-grass Xylena vetusta 28mm Local. Sep–Apr. Spring flight follows hibernation. Large, rich red-brown and straw-coloured, with black sword-shaped streak on outer half of wing. Moorland, damp heaths and woods, marshes. FP Heathers, Bog-myrtle, Yellow Iris, sedges. (2241) 73.210  Satellite Eupsilia transversa 20mm Common. Sep–Apr. Hibernates. Widespread in woods, parks, gardens, moors, heaths, dunes. Kidney mark with 2 satellite dots, either fawn or white, is diagnostic. FP Leaves of various trees and shrubs, also carnivorous, eating larvae of other moths. (2256)



73.211  Angle-striped Sallow Enargia paleacea 19mm Scarce. Aug–Sep. Northern resident, occasional migrant in the south. Woods and heathland with mature birch. Variable but dark spot in kidney is constant. FP Silver and Downy birch, possibly Aspen. (2313) 73.212  Double Kidney Ipimorpha retusa 15mm Local. Jul–Sep. Cross-lines parallel, pointing back, hooked wing tip. Damp woods, riverbanks and marshes. FP Sallows, willows, Black Poplar. (2311)

73.207 DGG

73.207 IK

73.208 DGG

73.209 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 312

73.209 CM

16/10/2014 17:54

73.210 CMM

73.211 PGC

73.210 CMM

73.212 CMM

73.214 CMM

73.216 CMM

73.218 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 313



73.213 CMM

73.215 JV

73.216 TT

73.216 CJS

73.217 CMM

73.216 CMM

73.219 CMM

73.219 CMM

16/10/2014 17:55

314 



NOCTUIDAE 73.220  Minor Shoulder-knot Brachylomia viminalis 15mm Common. Jul–Aug. Usually pale in the south, darker forms in Midlands and the north. Dark streak at shoulder always visible. Damp woods, fens, marshes, damp heaths, river valleys. FP Willows, Aspen. (2225) 73.221 Suspected Parastichtis suspecta 15mm Local. Jul–Aug. Scattered and local. Woodland and wooded heaths with scrub. FP Birches, possibly sallows. (2268)



73.222  Dingy Shears Apterogenum ypsillon 19mm Local. Jun–Aug. Rather plain with tooth mark and dark marks between oval and kidney. Local, mainly southern, in damp woods, marshes, riverbanks. FP Leaves and catkins of sallows, willows, poplars. (2314)



73.223  Oak Rustic Dryobota labecula 15mm Scarce. Oct–Dec. Usually migrant, first recorded in 2005, but now breeding on south coast of England. Kidney mark ochre or white. FP Evergreen Oak. (2246a)



73.224  Merveille du Jour Griposia aprilina 22mm Common. Sep–Oct. Unmistakable autumn moth, found throughout in woods, parks, hedges, gardens. FP Broadleaved oaks. (2247)





73.225  Brindled Green Dryobotodes eremita 16mm Common. Aug–Sep. Widespread in oak woodland, parks, suburban gardens. Pale blotch next to oval, bordered black. FP Broadleaved oaks. (2248) 73.226  Southern Brindled Green Dryobotodes roboris 14mm Rare. Oct–Nov. Resident in Channel Islands only. Similar to Brindled Green but smaller and brighter. FP Broadleaved oaks. (2248a)

73.227  Sombre Brocade Dryobotodes tenebrosa 17mm Migrant from S Europe. Oct. First recorded in Guernsey in 2006, Dorset in 2008. Similar to Dark Brocade. FP Evergreen Oak. (2248b)

73.228  Grey Chi Antitype chi 17mm Common. Aug–Sep. Variable. Northern, on moors, grassy uplands, parks. Elongated ‘X’ mark on forewing (like Greek letter chi) is diagnostic. FP Flowers and leaves of docks, sorrels, etc. (2254)

73.229  Flame Brocade Trigonophora flammea 23mm Migrant or scarce. Sep–Nov. Regular but scarce migrant to south coast, occasionally breeds in open woods, chalk downs close to the coast. Resident in Channel Islands. FP Low plants such as buttercups initially, then shrubs such as Ash and privets. (2251) 73.230  Feathered Brindle Aporophyla australis pascuea 17mm Scarce. Aug–Oct. On south coasts on rocky cliffs, shingle beaches, vegetated sand dunes, chalk slopes. Common where it does occur. Ground colour varies from pale to brown. FP Sea Campion, Wood Sage, sorrels. (2230)

73.231  Deep-brown Dart Aporophyla lutulenta 18mm Common. Sep–Oct. Heaths, downs, meadows, dunes, rough grassland, mostly on light, sandy soils. FP Sundry plants and shrubs, including Tufted Hair-grass, docks, sorrels, Broom, hawthorns. (2231)

73.232  Northern Deep-brown Dart Aporophyla lueneburgensis 18mm Common. Aug–Sep. Dark grey moth, previously treated as subspecies of Deep-brown Dart so distribution is slightly uncertain. Moorland, rough grass and rocky coasts. FP Heathers, Bilberry, Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (2231a)

73.220 CMM

73.221 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 314

73.222 NS

73.223 CMM

16/10/2014 17:55

73.224 CM

73.226 DW

73.224 CMM

73.225 CMM

73.224 CMM

73.225 PAD

73.227 MSP

73.228 TT

73.228 TT

73.228 TT

73.230 CMM

73.229 DF

73.231 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 315

73.232 RL

73.232 RL

16/10/2014 17:55

316 

NOCTUIDAE

73.233  Black Rustic Aporophyla nigra 21mm Common. Sep–Oct. Similar to Dot Moth but has a later flight period and kidney mark only pale at outer edge. Heaths, moors, chalk grassland, gardens, verges, rough grassy areas. FP Various plants, including heathers, Tufted Hair-grass, clovers. (2232) 73.234  Brindled Ochre Dasypolia templi 22mm Local. Sep–Apr. Throughout, but mainly coastal on rocky cliffs and rough grassland. Inland on upland grassland and wet moors. Mated female hibernates, lays eggs in spring. FP Wild Angelica, Hogweed, in stems and roots. (2229) 73.235  Feathered Ranunculus Polymixis lichenea 17mm Local. Aug–Oct. Coastal species inhabiting vegetated dunes, rocky cliffs, vegetated shingle, coastal slopes. More greenish than Black-banded and without dark central band. FP Various plants, including Biting Stonecrop, Sea Plantain, Thrift, Wild Cabbage, Hound’s Tongue. (2255)

73.236 Black-banded Polymixis xanthomista statices 17mm Scarce. Aug–Sep. Very local on rocky western coasts. Greyer than Feathered Ranunculus, with dark central band. FP Flowers and leaves of Thrift, close enough to the sea to get splashed by waves. (2253)



73.238  Dark Brocade Mniotype adusta 20mm Common. Jun–Jul. Local in the south, more common in the north. Downs, heaths, moors, sand dunes, grassland, woods. FP Heathers, Bog-myrtle, Common Alder, hawthorns, etc. (2250)

73.240  Beautiful Arches Mniotype satura 22mm Migrant. Jul–Oct. Very rare migrant from Europe. FP Herbaceous plants and shrubs. (2249)

73.241  Pine Beauty Panolis flammea 16mm Common. Mar–May. Throughout, wherever pines grow. Unmistakable. FP Needles of pines. (2179)

73.242  Clouded Drab Orthosia incerta 20mm Common. Mar–May. Frequent throughout Britain in woodland. Extremely variable, but larger than Common Quaker and outer cross-line usually with dark patch at costa. FP Various trees, including oaks, sallows, birches, elms, hawthorns, Hazel. (2188)

73.243  Blossom Underwing Orthosia miniosa 16mm Local. Mar–Apr. Woods and hedgerows with mature oaks. Adult feeds on sallow catkins at dusk. Sometimes occurs as a migrant on south-east coasts. FP Oaks. (2183)

73.237  Large Ranunculus Polymixis flavicincta 22mm Local. Sep–Oct. Often coastal, in gardens, rough ground, limestone sea cliffs. Larger than either Black-banded or Feathered Ranunculus. FP Leaves of many wild and cultivated plants, including Michaelmas Daisy, valerians, plantains, ragworts. (2252)

73.233 CMM

73.234 / CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 316

73.235 CMM

73.235 CMM

73.234 ? CMM

16/10/2014 17:55

73.236 BD

73.236 DGG

73.237 CMM

73.238 TT

73.238 TT

73.237 CMM

73.240 DGG

73.241 CMM

73.242 CMM

73.241 NS

73.242 CMM

73.242 NS

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 317

73.241 CMM

73.242 CMM

73.242 CMM

73.243 CMM

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318 

NOCTUIDAE



73.244  Common Quaker Orthosia cerasi 17mm Common. Mar–May. Frequent in lowland woods. Usually well-defined, large oval and kidney marks and outer cross-line. FP Various trees, including oaks, sallows, birches, elms. (2187)





73.245  Small Quaker Orthosia cruda 15mm Common. Feb–May. Widespread, very frequent in the south, in woods, hedgerows, gardens, wet heaths. Small, plain, pale early-spring moth. FP Oaks, sallows, Hazel, birches. (2182)



73.246  Lead-coloured Drab Orthosia populeti 17mm Local. Mar–Apr. Throughout but local, in woods and parks with poplars. Male has feathered antennae. FP Catkins and leaves of Aspen, Black Poplar. (2185)

73.250  Twin-spotted Quaker Anorthoa munda 20mm Common. Mar–Apr. In woodland throughout but most common in the south. Usually unmistakable, with pair of dark spots, but these can be absent. FP Trees and shrubs, including oaks, sallows, Aspen, Honeysuckle, Hop. (2189)

73.247  Powdered Quaker Orthosia gracilis 18mm Common. Apr–May. In damp woods, marshes and heaths throughout. Ground colour variable, but fairly plain with curved row of dark dots between kidney mark and outer cross-line. Reddish forms occur on Bog-myrtle. FP Woody and herbaceous plants, including willows, poplars, Bog-myrtle, Purple Loosestrife, Meadowsweet. (2186)

73.249  Hebrew Character Orthosia gothica 17mm Common. Mar–Jun. Common absolutely anywhere. Variable but always with dark saddle mark. FP Trees, shrubs and plants. (2190)



73.251  Silver Cloud Egira conspicillaris 19mm Scarce. Apr–May. Very local, in Severn Valley only. Old orchards, scrub, hedges, open woods. FP Foodplant unknown in the wild, but possibly docks and elms. (2181)



73.252  Hedge Rustic Tholera cespitis 18mm Common. Aug–Sep. Throughout, but local in Scotland, in open areas with rough grass. FP Hard grasses, including Mat-grass, Wavy Hair-grass. (2177)

73.248  Northern Drab Orthosia opima 16mm Local. Apr–May. Variable ground colour. Furry thorax, straight forewing costa. Open damp areas, on marshes, dunes, river valleys, downs. FP Woody and herbaceous plants, including sallows, birches, ragworts, Mugwort, Common Sea-lavender. (2184)

73.244 CMM

73.244 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 318

73.245 CMM

73.244 DGG

73.246 / CMM

16/10/2014 17:55

73.246 ? PGC

73.246 ? NS

73.247 RL

73.247 CMM

73.247 RL

73.247 CMM

73.248 CMM

73.248 PB

73.249 CMM

73.250 NS

73.249 CMM

73.249 CMM

73.250 CMM

73.250 CMM

73.251 CMM

73.252 CMM

73.251 CMM

73.251 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 319

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320 

NOCTUIDAE



73.253  Feathered Gothic Tholera decimalis 18–22mm Common. Aug–Sep. Throughout in rough grassland, downs, parks. Flies later than Gothic or Bordered Gothic, looks paler. FP Hard grasses, including Mat-grass, Sheep’s Fescue. (2178)

73.254  Antler Cerapteryx graminis 15–18mm Common. Jul–Sep. Throughout Britain, particularly in northern acid uplands, moors and downs. Flies on warm days and at night. Female larger than male, with plain antennae. FP Hard grasses, including Sheep’s Fescue, Mat-grass, Purple Moor-grass. (2176)

73.255 Nutmeg Anarta trifolii 18mm Common. Apr–Jun, Aug–Sep. Inside of large kidney mark is dark towards termen. Open places such as downs, wasteground, fens, open woods, especially on light soils. FP Goosefoots, oraches. (2145)



73.256  Broad-bordered White Underwing Anarta melanopa 13mm Rare. May–Jun. Flies in sunshine on high moors above 650m in central Highlands of Scotland. FP Crowberry, Bilberry, Cowberry, Bearberry. (2144)



73.257  Beautiful Yellow Underwing Anarta myrtilli 12mm Common. Apr–Aug. Throughout Britain on heaths and moors. Flies in sunshine, comes to light. FP Heathers, Bell Heather. (2142)



73.258  Small Dark Yellow Underwing Coranarta cordigera 12mm Scarce. Apr–May. Flies in sunshine on high stony moors at 200–650m in central Highlands of Scotland. FP Bearberry. (2143)

73.259  Pale Shining Brown Polia bombycina 23mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Formerly widespread, now mainly confined to Salisbury Plain. Pale brown with shiny sheen. Scrubby chalk downland. FP Foodplant unknown in the wild but may include hawkbit, sow-thistle and scabious flowers. (2148)

73.260  Silvery Arches Polia hepatica 23mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Heaths, moors and open woods of Scotland and SE England. Southern forms dark, northern pale silvery. FP Birches, sallows, Bog-myrtle. (2149)



73.261  Grey Arches Polia nebulosa 23mm Common. Jun–Jul. Ground colour variable; oval and kidney marks large, pale with dark outlines. Mostly in well-wooded country. FP Birches, sallows, Honeysuckle, hawthorns, docks, etc. (2150)

73.262  Feathered Ear Pachetra sagittigera britannica 17mm Extinct. May–Jun. Formerly on chalk downs of SE England, last seen in 1963. FP Grasses. (2151)

73.253 / CMM

73.253 ? CMM

73.254 CMM

73.254 CMM  ?

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 320

73.263  Light Brocade Lacanobia w-latinum 20mm Local. May–Jul. Open ground on heaths and downs, more frequent in the south. FP Broom, Dyer’s Greenweed, Bramble, etc. (2157)

  /

16/10/2014 17:55

73.255 CMM

73.256 RL

73.257 CMM

73.258 SR

73.259 CMM

73.260 RL

73.261 RL

73.261 CMM

73.260 GAC

73.261 CMM

73.262 CMM

73.263 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 321

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322 

NOCTUIDAE



73.264  Pale-shouldered Brocade Lacanobia thalassina 19mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout in woods, gardens, scrub, heaths, moors. There is a distinct, large tooth-like mark on forewing. FP Oaks, hawthorns, Apple, sallows, Honeysuckle, etc. (2158)



73.265  Beautiful Brocade Lacanobia contigua 18mm Local. Jun–Jul. Diagonal pale bar from central oval mark is distinctive. Heaths, moors and acid woodland. FP Birches, sallows, Bog-myrtle, heathers, Bracken, oaks, etc. (2156)

73.266  Dog’s Tooth Lacanobia suasa 18mm Local. May–Jul, Jul–Sep. Usually on saltmarshes, damp heaths, river valleys, mostly in the south. Similar to Pale-shouldered Brocade but tooth-like mark on forewing is smaller. FP Sea Lavender, Greater Plantain, goosefoots. (2159) 73.267  Bright-line Brown-eye Lacanobia oleracea 18mm Common. May–Jul, Aug–Sep. Second brood occurs in the south only. Kidney mark is ‘brown eye’. Common in most habitats, including gardens, woods, heaths, farmland. FP Many herbaceous and woody plants. (2160) 73.268  Splendid Brocade Lacanobia splendens 17mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. First recorded in 2003 from Portland, Dorset, previously overlooked. From damp woods in Europe. FP Bindweeds, Bittersweet. (2160a)

73.270  Dot Moth Melanchra persicariae 20mm Common. Jun–Aug. Unmistakable white kidney mark. Black Rustic is also dark but with only small pale mark in kidney. Frequent in gardens, hedges, woods and open areas. FP Many herbaceous and woody plants. (2155)

73.271  Broom Moth Ceramica pisi 19mm Common. May–Jul. Throughout, particularly on heaths and moorland. Variable colour and markings but irregular creamy outer cross-line is diagnostic. FP Various plants and trees, including Broom, heathers, Bracken, Bramble, sallows. (2163)

73.272  Glaucous Shears Papestra biren 17mm Local. May–Jul. Moorland. FP Heathers, Meadowsweet, Bilberry, sallows, Bog-myrtle. (2162)

73.273  Shears Hada plebeja 17mm Common. May–Jul, Aug. Throughout on heaths, downs, dunes, open woodland. White or pale double-pointed mark like open scissors (shears) in centre of forewing is distinctive. FP Hawk’sbeards, hawkweeds, Dandelion, chickweeds. (2147) 73.274  Cabbage Moth Mamestra brassicae 22mm Common. May–Oct. White outline of kidney mark is noticeable. Similar to much scarcer White Colon but habitats differ. Many lowland situations, especially cultivated land. FP Eats almost anything, but especially cabbages. (2154) 73.275  White Colon Sideridis turbida 20mm Scarce. May–Jun, Jul–Aug. Mainly coastal on dunes and saltmarshes, also Brecks of East Anglia. Two white marks (colon) in corner of kidney mark are distinctive. Outer crossline of white dots. FP Leaves and flowers of goosefoots, oraches, Sea Bindweed, restharrows, etc. (2152)

73.264 CMM

73.264 CMM

73.265 CMM

73.266 CMM

73.266 CMM

73.267 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 322

16/10/2014 17:55

73.268 CMM

73.271 CMM

73.270 CMM

73.271 CMM

73.272 DAG

73.272 DAG

73.274 CMM

73.273 CMM

73.273 CJS

73.274 CMM

73.275 CMM

73.275 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 323

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324 

NOCTUIDAE

73.276  Campion Sideridis rivularis 16mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Widespread in meadows, verges, cliff tops, moors and open land. Purple tint when fresh but fades. Similar to Lychnis, but oval and kidney mark are either joined or pointing together. FP Seeds of campions, Ragged Robin. (2166) 73.277  Bordered Gothic Sideridis reticulata marginosa 19mm Rare. UK BAP. Jun–Jul. Declining. Smaller and with narrower wings than Gothic. Feathered Gothic is paler, slightly larger and flies later in the year. Formerly on chalk downs, Breckland, limestone on Portland. FP Foodplant unknown in wild. (2153)



73.278  Barrett’s Marbled Coronet Conisania andalusica barrettii 18mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Pale area runs towards trailing edge from oval mark. Only on coastal cliffs and shingle beaches. FP Leaves and roots of Sea Campion, Rock Sea-spurrey, Sand Spurrey. (2169) 73.279  Broad-barred White Hecatera bicolorata 15mm Common. May–Aug. Local in the north. Coastal dunes, shingle, chalk downs. FP Flowers of hawkweeds, hawk’s-beards, sow-thistles. (2164)

73.280  Small Ranunculus Hecatera dysodea 15mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Thought extinct for 50 years before reappearing in Kent, Essex and S Wales. Similar to Feathered and Large ranunculus but smaller, hind wing has wide tawny border. Chalk pits, rough ground, road verges. FP Flowers and seeds of wild and cultivated Lettuce. (2165)

73.281 Lychnis Hadena bicruris 17mm Common. May–Jul, Aug–Sep. Similar to Campion, but without purple. Oval and kidney marks well separated. Gardens, verges, hedgerows, woods, dunes. FP Seeds of Red or White campion, Sweet William. (2173)

73.276 CMM

73.276 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 324



73.282  Varied Coronet Hadena compta 15mm Common. Jun–Jul. Central white bar crosses forewing. Gardens and downland. FP Seeds of Sweet William, Bladder Campion. (2170)



73.283  Marbled Coronet Hadena confusa 17mm Local. May–Jul, Aug. Throughout Britain, on calcareous coasts, downs and gardens. White blotch near wing tip, central band incomplete. FP Seeds of Sea or Bladder campion, Rock Sea-spurrey, etc. (2171)



73.284  White Spot Hadena albimacula 17mm Rare. UK BAP. May–Jun. Scarce, on scarce foodplant, usually found growing just over the edge of chalk cliffs in S England. Also on shingle at Dungeness, Kent. FP Seeds of Nottingham Catchfly. (2172)



73.285 Grey Hadena caesia mananii 16mm Rare. May–Aug. Rocky coasts and shingle beaches. Breeds on plants within 50m of strandline. FP Sea Campion. (2174)

73.286  Tawny Shears Hadena perplexa perplexa 15mm Common. May–Jul, Aug. Very variable, but usually with outlined oval, kidney and tooth marks. Dry, open downs, shingle beaches, rocky coastal cliff tops, Brecks. FP Seeds of campions, Nottingham Catchfly, Rock Sea-spurrey. (2167) 73.287  Viper’s Bugloss Hadena irregularis 15mm Presumed extinct. May–Jul. Formerly on Brecks of East Anglia, not seen since 1968. FP Seeds of Spanish Catchfly. (2168)

73.288  Double Line Mythimna turca 21mm Local. Jun–Jul. Damp open woodland and rough, wet, acid grassland. FP Grasses, including Common Bent, Cock’s-foot, Wood Meadow-grass. (2191)

73.278 CMM

73.277 CMM

73.278 NS

16/10/2014 17:56

73.279 CMM

73.280 CMM

73.280 CMM

73.281 CMM

73.282 CMM

73.282 PGC

73.283 CMM

73.284 CMM

73.286 JBH

73.285 JP

73.284 CMM

73.286 DF

73.286 PAD

73.287 DGG

73.288 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 325

73.288 CMM

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326 

NOCTUIDAE

73.289  Striped Wainscot Mythimna pudorina 18mm Local. Jun–Jul. Southern, on marshes and wet, acid heaths. Pink-tinged forewing is broad, brown-streaked and dusted with scattered black scales. FP Grasses, including Common Reed, Purple Moor-grass, Reed Canary-grass. (2196)

73.290  Brown-line Bright Eye Mythimna conigera 18mm Common. Jun–Aug. Widespread in rough grassland, heaths, coastal slopes. Bright ‘eye’ is distinctive, with V-shaped inner cross-line. FP Grasses, including Common Couch, Cock’s-foot. (2192)

73.291  Common Wainscot Mythimna pallens 18mm Common. Jun–Oct. Throughout Britain, in grassy areas, very common in the south. Paler than Southern and Smoky wainscot, without streaks. White hind wing. Ground colour can be reddish or straw. FP Grasses, including Tufted Hair-grass, Cock’s-foot, Common Couch. (2199)

73.292  Mathew’s Wainscot Mythimna favicolor 18mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. On coastal saltmarshes in S and E England. Very similar to Common Wainscot but has a silky sheen. FP Common Saltmarsh-grass. (2200)

73.293  Smoky Wainscot Mythimna impura 17mm Common. Jun–Aug. Throughout in grassland, open woods, gardens. Similar to Southern Wainscot but costa is rounded and hind wing is smoky grey. FP Grasses, including Common Reed, Cock’s-foot, Hairy Wood-rush. (2198) 73.294  Southern Wainscot Mythimna straminea 18mm Local. Jul–Aug. Southern, on marshes, fens and wet ditches. Straight costa with concave termen produces pointed apex; ‘coronet’ at front of thorax is diagnostic. FP Common Reed, Reed Canary-grass. (2197)

73.295 Delicate Mythimna vitellina 18mm Migrant. May–Nov. Regular migrant, but can breed in hot summers. Variable ground colour but 3 wavy cross-lines generally visible. FP Grasses, including Meadow-grass, Cock’s-foot. (2195)

73.289 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 326

73.290 CMM

73.296  White-speck Mythimna unipuncta 20mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Regular migrant, usually on south coasts. Similar to Clay but larger, narrower, with dark streak pointing into apex. FP Grasses. (2203)

73.297 White-point Mythimna albipuncta 18mm Migrant or local. May–Nov. Usually migrant but breeds on south coast of England. Darker orange-brown than Clay with bright, clear white mark. FP Grasses, including Common Couch, Cock’s-foot. (2194)



73.298 Clay Mythimna ferrago 20mm Common. Jun–Aug. Rather plain with irregular, indistinct pale mark. Open woods, gardens, grassland. FP Grasses, including Meadow-grass, Cock’s-foot. (2193)



73.299  Shore Wainscot Mythimna litoralis 18mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Coastal dunes and sandy beaches very close to the strandline. FP Marram. (2201)



73.300  L-album Wainscot Mythimna l-album 18mm Scarce. Jul, Sep–Oct. Unmistakable. On coasts and cliffs with rough grass. FP Marram and others. (2202)



73.301  Shoulder-striped Wainscot Leucania comma 18mm Common. May–Jul. Widespread and unmistakable. Marshes and damp woods. FP Cock’s-foot and other grasses. (2205)

73.302  Obscure Wainscot Leucania obsoleta 18mm Local. May–Jul. Similar to Smoky Wainscot but there is central white dot at end of main vein and brown streak along vein is much less prominent. Reedbeds on marshes, estuaries, ponds, rivers. FP Common Reed. (2204)

73.303  Devonshire Wainscot Leucania putrescens 17mm Scarce. Jul–Sep. On rocky coastal cliffs of Devon, Cornwall, Glamorgan and Pembrokeshire only. Squat, dark wainscot with central white dot. FP Grasses. (2206)

73.291 CMM

16/10/2014 17:56

73.292 CMM

73.293 CMM

73.294 CMM

73.294 CMM

73.295 CMM

73.295 CMM

73.296 CMM

73.297 CMM

73.298 CMM

73.296 CMM

73.299 CMM

73.300 CMM

73.301 CMM

73.302 CMM

73.303 CMM

73.303 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 327

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328 

NOCTUIDAE

73.304  Cosmopolitan Leucania loreyi 17mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Rare migrant, usually on south coast. Similar to White-speck but dark streak down centre of wing contrasts with pale either side. FP Grasses. (2208)

73.310  Black Collar Dichagyris flammatra 21mm Rare migrant. Very scarce migrant from central and S Europe, Asia and N Africa. FP Wild Strawberry. (2101)

73.305  Flame Wainscot Senta flammea 17mm Scarce. May–Jul. A very local moth found in fairly open reedbeds in East Anglia, Sussex, Kent and around Poole Harbour in Dorset. FP Common Reed. (2209)

73.306  Silurian Eriopygodes imbecilla 12–15mm Rare. Jun–Jul. Flies on sunny afternoons and at night. On moors above 500m in Monmouthshire and Brecon, Wales. First discovered in 1972. FP Feeds on early shoots and flowers of Bilberry in April, even on frosty nights. (2175)

73.311  Coast Dart Euxoa cursoria 17mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Earlier flight period than Square-spot Dart, and without arrowhead marks of White-line Dart. Variable. On stable coastal sandhills. FP Various sand-dune plants, including Sea Sandwort, Sand Couch, Hound’s-tongue. (2083)

73.312  Square-spot Dart Euxoa obelisca grisea 17mm Scarce. Aug–Oct. Very similar to other Euxoa spp., but flight period is later. Rocky (not sandy) coasts and some inland rocky sites. FP Common Rock-rose, Lady’s Bedstraw. (2080)



73.307  Pearly Underwing Peridroma saucia 22mm Migrant. Year-round. Can appear throughout the year, mostly in autumn, especially near coasts. Grey crest on thorax. FP Breeds in summer on herbaceous plants. (2119)



73.313  White-line Dart Euxoa tritici 17mm Common. Jul–Aug. On coastal dunes, downs, heaths, moors, open woods throughout. Extremely variable but usually has black arrowhead marks at outer edge of forewing. FP Herbaceous plants. (2081)



73.308  Portland Moth Actebia praecox 22mm Scarce. Aug. Unmistakable. On coastal sand dunes but seems to be decreasing. Comes to light after midnight. FP Creeping Willow, sundry sandhill plants. (2099)



73.314  Garden Dart Euxoa nigricans 16mm Common. Jul–Aug. Generally plainer and browner than above, without white lines. Variable. Commons, sandhills, marshes, gardens. FP Herbaceous plants. (2082)

73.304 CMM

73.305 CMM

73.305 CMM

73.306 / CMM

73.306 ? CMM

73.306 ? CMM

73.307 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 328

73.307 CMM

16/10/2014 17:56

73.308 CMM

73.308 CMM

73.310 DM

73.311 NS

73.311 RL

73.311 NS

73.312 CMM

73.312 PAD

73.313 CMM

73.313 NS

73.313 CMM

73.313 CMM

73.313 CMM

73.314 DF

73.314 SD

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 329

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330 

NOCTUIDAE



73.315  Great Dart Agrotis crassa 19mm Rare migrant. Aug. The inner of 2 pale cross-lines has deep outward-pointing notch at trailing edge. Open ground in Channel Islands and Europe. FP Plant roots. (2094)



73.323  Sand Dart Agrotis ripae 17mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Variable. Common locally on coastal sand dunes, especially very close to high-tide mark. Flight period earlier than Coast Dart. FP Prickly Saltwort, Sea Rocket, oraches. (2093)



73.316  Light Feathered Rustic Agrotis cinerea 17mm Scarce. May–Jun. Jagged cross-lines distinctive, background colour varies. Chalk downs, sea cliffs, quarries. FP Wild Thyme. (2084)



73.324  Crescent Dart Agrotis trux lunigera 20mm Local. Jul–Aug. Coastal cliffs, rocky shorelines. Distinct white central spot. FP Thrift, Rock Sea-spurrey. (2090)



73.317  Heart and Dart Agrotis exclamationis 19mm Common. May–Aug. Abundant almost anywhere. Always has dark collar. FP Various herbaceous plants. (2089)



73.325  Shuttle-shaped Dart Agrotis puta 14–16mm Common. Apr–Oct. Pale oval ‘shuttle’ is distinctive. Female darker than male. Open woods, farms, gardens, grassland, heaths. FP Docks, Dandelion, etc. (2092)



73.318  Woods’s Dart Agrotis graslini 17mm Migrant. Aug–Oct. Coastal sand dunes of W Europe. Recorded and possibly resident in Jersey. Similar to pale Archer’s Dart, but pure white hind wing. FP Scabious, plantains. (2083a)



73.327  Dark Sword-grass Agrotis ipsilon 23mm Migrant. Year-round. Peak flight in autumn partly due to local breeding in warm summers. Larger than other similar moths, with dark arrow mark beyond kidney mark. FP Herbaceous plants. (2091)

73.319  Turnip Moth Agrotis segetum 20mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Oct. Larger and narrower than Heart and Club. Kidney, spot and tooth marks usually outlined. Gardens, farmland, parks, woods, fens, dunes. FP Roots and leaves of Turnip, Carrot, Beetroot, etc. Pest on root crops. (2087)

73.320  Heart and Club Agrotis clavis 17mm Common. Jun–Aug. Coastal dunes, chalk downs, rough ground. FP Leaves and roots of docks, clovers, Wild Carrot, Fat-hen. (2088)



73.322  Archer’s Dart Agrotis vestigialis 17mm Local. Jul–Sep. Very distinctive, background colour varies. Mainly coastal dunes but also inland heaths. FP Bedstraws, stitchworts, Sea Sandwort. (2085) 73.315 DF

73.316 CMM

73.316 DF

73.317 CMM

73.318 KT

73.317 CMM

73.317 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 330

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73.319 CMM

73.319 CMM

73.319 CMM

73.320 CMM

73.320 NS

73.320 CMM

73.322 DF

73.322 CMM

73.323 CMM

73.324 CMM

73.323 CMM

73.323 CMM

73.324 CMM

73.324 SD

73.325 /CMM

73.327 CMM

73.327 CMM

73.325 ? CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 331

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332 

NOCTUIDAE



73.328 Flame Axylia putris 17mm Common. Jun–Jul, Sep. Rests with wings wrapped around its body to look like a twig. Gardens, woods, heaths, downs. FP Docks, Dandelion, Common Nettle, etc. (2098)



73.329  Flame Shoulder Ochropleura plecta 15mm Common. Apr–Sep. In almost any habitat, including gardens, farms, heath and moorland, grassland, hedges, woods, wetlands. FP Many herbaceous plants. (2102)

73.330  Radford’s Flame Shoulder Ochropleura leucogaster 17mm Migrant. Sep–Nov. Scarce migrant from S Europe, similar to Flame Shoulder, but larger, with longer, narrower wings and less red. FP Bird’s-foot Trefoil. (2102a) 73.331  Barred Chestnut Diarsia dahlii 15–17mm Local. Aug–Sep. In N Britain on acid heaths, moors, in woods. Male deep orange-brown, well barred, with hints of purple. Female slightly less well defined, reddish. Broad forewing, curved leading edge. FP Birches, Bilberry, Bramble, sallows. (2121)

73.332  Purple Clay Diarsia brunnea 18mm Common. Jun–Aug. Woodland and wooded heaths throughout. Purple sheen is distinctive. FP Woody and herbaceous plants. (2122)

73.333  Ingrailed Clay Diarsia mendica 17mm Common. Jun–Aug. Very variable, darker in the north. Small black spot in centre of forewing between oval and trailing edge is constant. Woodland, gardens, heathland, open moors. FP Herbaceous and woody plants. (2120)

73.328 CMM

73.329 CMM

73.330 MC

73.331 / NS

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 332

73.334  Small Square-spot Diarsia rubi 13mm Common. May–Jun, Aug–Sep. Found anywhere throughout, especially in damp woods, damp pasture, gardens. Dark dot in centre of forewing between oval and trailing edge, like Ingrailed Clay. Summer brood generally smaller. FP Various herbaceous plants. (2123) 73.335  Fen Square-spot Diarsia florida 17mm Local. Jun–Jul. Distribution uncertain owing to similarity to Small Square-spot, but including East Anglia and N England and Wales. Very similar to Small Square-spot, though tends to be larger and paler. Fens and acid bogs. FP Various herbaceous plants. (2124)

73.336  Red Chestnut Cerastis rubricosa 17mm Common. Mar–May. Variable. Woods, scrub, gardens, and boggy heaths and moors. FP Herbaceous plants, including bedstraws and Bilberry. (2139)



73.337 White-marked Cerastis leucographa 16mm Local. Mar–Apr. Similar to Red Chestnut but oval and kidney marks are pale and distinct. Open woods, scrub, hedges. FP Foodplant unknown in the wild but accepts sallows and herbaceous plants in captivity. (2140)



73.338  True Lover’s Knot Lycophotia porphyrea 15mm Common. Jun–Aug. Common on heaths and moors throughout. FP Heather, Bell Heather. (2118)



73.339  Dotted Rustic Rhyacia simulans 18mm Local. Jun–Oct. Forewing has row of dark dots beyond kidney mark. Open country and woods, moors, mountain scree, hedges, limestone cliffs. Numbers and distribution fluctuate. FP Foodplant unknown in the wild. (2105)

73.331 ? PGC

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73.332 CMM

73.333 CMM

73.333 CMM

73.333 CMM

73.333 CMM

73.333 CMM

73.334 NS

73.334 CMM

73.335 JP

73.336 CMM

73.336 CMM

73.336 CMM

73.337 DGG

73.338 MSP

73.339 CS

73.339 RL

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 333

73.338 CMM

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334 

NOCTUIDAE

73.340  Southern Rustic Rhyacia lucipeta 26mm Migrant. Jul. Resident of S Europe. One British record only, in 1968. FP Herbaceous plants. (2106)

73.341  Northern Rustic Standfussiana lucernea 21mm Local. Jun–Sep. On rocky western and southern coasts, rocky mountains and quarries. Flies day or night, visits flowers. FP Harebell, stonecrops, saxifrages. (2104)



73.342  Large Yellow Underwing Noctua pronuba 25mm Common. Jun–Oct. Can be abundant almost anywhere throughout Britain. Well-defined black dots near apex. Males dark, females pale. FP Many herbaceous plants. (2107)



73.343  Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing Noctua fimbriata 25–30mm Common. Jul–Sep. Female is pale sandy colour, male dark olive. Mostly in woodland and wooded heaths. FP Many bushes, shrubs and herbaceous plants. (2110)

73.344  Lunar Yellow Underwing Noctua orbona 20mm Scarce. UK BAP. Jun–Sep. Scattered but mainly in Brecklands of East Anglia. Smaller than Large Yellow Underwing, does have dark mark near wing tip, but also dark ‘lunar’ crescent on hind wing. FP Fine grasses and small herbaceous plants. (2108) 73.345  Lesser Yellow Underwing Noctua comes 20mm Common. Jul–Sep. Found almost anywhere on downs, heaths, farms, woods, moors. Similar to Lunar Yellow Underwing, but without well-defined dark mark at wing tip. FP Many bushes, shrubs and herbaceous plants. (2109)



73.346  Least Yellow Underwing Noctua interjecta caliginosa 16mm Common. Jul–Aug. Fens, sandhills, hedges, gardens, coastal cliffs and open ground. FP Grasses, herbaceous plants. (2112)

73.347  Langmaid’s Yellow Underwing Noctua janthina 18mm Migrant. Jul–Sep. Looks the same as Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing but upper side of hind wing nearly all black with yellow centre. FP Sundry plants and shrubs. (2110a)

73.348  Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing Noctua janthe 20mm Common. Jul–Sep. Looks the same as Langmaid’s Yellow Underwing, but common almost anywhere and hind wing more yellow. FP Many bushes, shrubs and herbaceous plants. (2111)



73.349  Stout Dart Spaelotis ravida 20mm Rare. Jun–Sep. Numbers fluctuate but now extremely rare. Numbers also declining in Europe. Damp meadows. FP Foodplant unknown in the wild. (2113)

73.350  Great Brocade Eurois occulta 26mm Scarce or migrant. Jul–Aug. Resident in Scottish Highlands in boggy areas of moor and forest, migrant elsewhere from N Europe. A large moth with significant pale oval in centre of forewing. Scottish form darker than immigrants. FP Bog-myrtle. (2137) 73.351  Double Dart Graphiphora augur 21mm Common. Jun–Jul. Scattered in woods, parks, gardens, hedges, marshes. Usually has characteristic black markings around stigmata (oval and kidney marks) and distinct outer central cross-line. FP Sallows, birches, hawthorns, Blackthorn, herbaceous plants. (2114)

73.340 DM

73.341 CMM

73.341 DGG

73.342 / CMM

73.342 ? CMM

73.344 NS

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73.343 CMM

/

?

73.345 CMM

73.345 CMM

73.345 CMM

73.346 CMM

73.346 CMM

73.347 MC

73.348 CMM

73.349 JP

73.350 NS

73.351 DAG

73.351 CMM

73.350 CMM

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336 

NOCTUIDAE 73.352  Green Arches Anaplectoides prasina 24mm Common. Jun–Jul. Unmistakable. Widespread in woodland. FP Honeysuckle, Bilberry, primroses, docks, etc. (2138)

73.353  Dotted Clay Xestia baja 20mm Common. Jul–Aug. Small black dots near outer tip of forewing give this moth its name. Woods, heaths, damp grasslands, wetlands and scrubby downland. FP Herbaceous plants, including Common Nettle, also Bog-myrtle, willows. (2130)

73.354  Square-spotted Clay Xestia rhomboidea 20mm Scarce. Jul–Aug. Scattered in old mature woods, especially around clearings. FP Common Nettle, Dog’s Mercury, Oxlip. (2131)



73.355  Neglected Rustic Xestia castanea 18mm Local. Aug–Sep. Ground colour varies. Indistinct markings but dark in corner of kidney mark is constant. Widespread on heaths and moorland. FP Heather, Bell Heather, Cross-leaved Heath. (2132)





73.356  Heath Rustic Xestia agathina 16mm Local. Aug–Sep. Later flight period and more colourful than True Lover’s Knot. Acid heaths and moorland with tall heathers. FP Heathers. (2135) 73.357  Square-spot Rustic Xestia xanthographa 17mm Common. Jul–Oct. Common to abundant throughout. Almost square kidney mark is diagnostic. FP Grasses. (2134)

73.352 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 336

73.352 CMM



73.358  Six-striped Rustic Xestia sexstrigata 18mm Common. Jul–Aug. Common throughout on damp ground but also gardens, hedges. FP Bedstraws, plantains, Bluebell, Bramble. (2133)



73.359  Setaceous Hebrew Character Xestia c-nigrum 18mm Common. May–Jul, Aug–Oct. Throughout; can be abundant in south, including in gardens. Pale, shallow V-shaped mark in centre of forewing is distinctive. FP Various herbaceous plants. (2126)

73.360  Triple-spotted Clay Xestia ditrapezium 20mm Local. Jun–Aug. Local but widespread in damp woods, bushy fens and parkland. Variable. Wings narrower than Double Square-spot, often purplish. Hind wing dark brown with orangebrown fringe. FP Shrubs and plants, including Bramble, sallows, primroses. (2127) 73.361  Double Square-spot Xestia triangulum 21mm Common. Jun–Jul. Throughout in woods, gardens, hedges, riversides. Similar to Triple-spotted Clay but forewing broader and paler, hind wing grey with grey fringe. FP Shrubs and plants, including primroses, Cow Parsley, Bramble, hawthorns. (2128)

73.362  Ashworth’s Rustic Xestia ashworthii 20mm Scarce. UK BAP. Jun–Aug. Rocky areas with exposed bedrock, scree slopes, cliffs, quarries in N Wales. FP Heath Bedstraw, Heather, Bell Heather. (2129)

73.363  Northern Dart Xestia alpicola alpina 18mm Scarce. UK BAP. Jun–Aug. Found mostly on mountain tops in N England and Scotland above 450m, lower on Shetland. Most populations hatch together in alternate, mainly even years, so numbers vary annually. FP Crowberry, maybe heathers. (2125)

73.353 CMM

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73.353 CMM

73.354 DAG

73.354 CMM

73.355 CMM

73.355 CMM

73.355 CMM

73.356 CMM

73.357 CMM

73.355 NS

73.357 CMM

73.357 CMM

73.358 CMM

73.359 CMM

73.360 NS

73.360 CMM

73.361 CMM

73.362 DGG

73.363 RL

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338 

NOCTUIDAE and NOLIDAE



73.364  Rosy Marsh Moth Coenophila subrosea 18mm Rare. Jul–Aug. Extremely scarce, from W Wales only, in acid bogs. FP Bog-myrtle, Crowberry. (2115)



73.365  Autumnal Rustic Eugnorisma glareosa 17mm Common. Aug–Oct. Widespread on heaths, moors, downs, open ground. FP Heathers, bedstraws, Bluebell, etc. (2117)





73.367  Cousin German Protolampra sobrina 17mm Scarce. UK BAP. Jul–Aug. Very scarce, in Highlands of central Scotland, in birch woods with Bilberry and heathers. FP Heathers and Bilberry in autumn, low birches and Eared Willow in spring. (2116)



73.368 Gothic Naenia typica 22mm Local. Jun–Jul. In damp, lowland areas scattered throughout Britain. Has broader forewings than scarce Bordered Gothic. FP Herbaceous and woody plants, including comfreys, willowherbs, Cleavers, sallows. (2136)

73.366  Plain Clay Eugnorisma depuncta 19mm Scarce. Jul–Sep. Edges of broadleaved woodland. FP Common Nettle, stitchworts, docks, Cowslip, etc. (2103)

74 NOLIDAE Small arches, silver-lines There are now 12 species in this family, including the Chloephorinae, which were formerly included in the noctuids. Several are small and could easily be mistaken for micros.

74.001  Small Black Arches Meganola strigula 11mm Scarce. Jun–Jul. Decreasing. More brown on wings than Least Black Arches. Mature oak woods. FP Pedunculate Oak. (2075)



74.004  Least Black Arches Nola confusalis 10mm Local. May–Jun. Woods, parks, hedges, gardens. FP Various broadleaved trees. (2078)



74.002  Kent Black Arches Meganola albula 12mm Scarce. Jun–Aug. Heaths, saltmarsh, beaches, chalk downs, open woods. FP Dewberry, Bramble, Raspberry, Wild Strawberry. (2076)



74.005  Scarce Black Arches Nola aerugula 8mm Migrant. Jun–Aug. Resident in Kent up to 1898, now a migrant and transitory resident. Cross-lines much straighter than Least Black Arches. FP Bird’s-foot Trefoil, clovers. (2079)



74.003  Short-cloaked Moth Nola cucullatella 10mm Common. Jun–Jul. Widespread in hedges, gardens, woods, scrub. FP Hawthorns, Blackthorn, Apple, plums. (2077)

74.006  Jersey Black Arches Nola chlamitulalis 8mm Migrant. Jun–Jul. First recorded in Jersey 1963, 2 mainland Britain records from Essex in 2004, Dorset in 2005. From S Europe. FP Various herbaceous plants. (2079a)

73.364 DGG

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73.364 DGG

16/10/2014 18:03

73.365 CMM

73.365 CMM

73.366 JV

73.367 DGG

73.368 CMM

73.368 NS

74.001 CMM

74.002 CMM

74.003 CMM

74.003 CMM

74.004 CMM

74.005 CMM

74.006 RH

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NOLIDAE



74.007  Scarce Silver-lines Bena bicolorana 22mm Local. Jun–Jul. Parks and woodland. FP Oaks and birches. (2421)





74.008  Green Silver-lines Pseudoips prasinana britannica 18mm Common. Jun–Jul, Aug–Sep. Frequent in woodland in the south, more local in northern lowlands. FP Oaks, birches, Beech, Hazel, Aspen, etc. (2422)

74.012  Egyptian Bollworm Earias insulana 12mm Import or migrant. Very rare. From Africa, Asia, Australia. FP Cotton. (2420)



74.009  Oak Nycteoline Nycteola revayana 12mm Local. Aug–May. Spring flight follows hibernation. Can be common in oak woodland in S England, more local elsewhere. Extremely variable, but shape and long palps are distinctive. FP Oaks. (2423)

74.0122  Eastern Bollworm Earias vittella 12mm Import or migrant. From Asia. The individual pictured came to light at Swanage, Dorset, in a period of high migrant activity. FP Okra. (2420a)

74.007 PGC

74.008 JV

74.007 CMM

74.008 CMM

74.011 CMM

Moths 2014 pp312-341.indd 340

74.012 DAG

74.011  Cream-bordered Green Pea Earias clorana 11mm Local. May–Jul, Aug. Fens, marshes, damp woods, riversides, damp heaths. FP Sallows and willows, including Creeping Willow. (2418)

74.0122 SN

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74.009 JP

74.009 CMM

74.009 CMM

74.009 JV

74.009 CMM

74.009 SD

74.009 JV

74.009 JV

74.009 NS

74.009 CMM

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342  342 

INDEX RUNNING HEAD AND FURTHER READING BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING PUBLICATIONS, ORGANISATIONS AND WEBSITES CONSULTED IN PREPARATION OF THIS BOOK OR OF GENERAL INTEREST This is not a complete list of books, sites or organisations and in no way implies that only these would be useful. Many county moth groups and individuals have published books and/or run their own web site, packed with information. Your own county site is often the place to start if you would like to attend a moth-watching evening or have found a moth that you cannot identify, or if you just want to tell someone about your exciting find! Each county has its own recorder, who will be pleased to check identifications and receive records. Next time you see a moth sitting on a window pane, identify it. It is bound to be interesting. If you find a caterpillar in your exotic fruit or vegetables don’t complain, keep it. It might turn out to be a new record for Britain and Ireland!

Paul Waring & Martin Townsend. Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain & Ireland. Second edition. British Wildlife Publishing, 2009. Comprehensive information on the larger (macro) moths, with 1600 superb illustrations of moths in resting positions by Richard Lewington. Phil Sterling & Mark Parsons. Field Guide to the Micro Moths of Great Britain & Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, 2012. 927 species stunningly illustrated in resting positions by Richard Lewington. Bernard Skinner. Moths of the British Isles. Second edition. Viking, 1998. Standard text book covering all known resident and migrant macromoths. Lifesize set specimens.

W. B. L. Manley. A Guide to Acleris cristana in Britain. Reprinted from Entomologist’s Gazette 1973. 119 forms illustrated and described. Jim Porter. Caterpillars of the British Isles. Viking, 1997. Photographs and descriptions of larvae of all known British macromoths and butterflies. Roy Leverton. Enjoying Moths. T. & A. D. Poyser, 2001. Lavishly illustrated with stunning photographs and fascinating text. Lives up to its title.

Chris Manley. Moths of Trigon. Pavonia Print, 2006. An introduction to moths and mothing D. J. L. Agassiz, S. D. Beavan & R. J. on a Dorset country estate. 500 species Heckford. Checklist of the Lepidoptera Barry Goater. British Pyralid Moths. Harley illustrated. of the British Isles. Royal Entomological Books, 1986. Society, 2013. Similar to above, but for pyrales. Colin Hart. British Plume Moths. British The complete British list including Ireland Entomological and Natural History and Channel Islands. All known immigrants L. Hill, Z. Randle, R. Fox & M. Parsons. Society, 2011. and adventives are included, with scientific Provisional Atlas of the UK’s Larger The first new work on these moths for and vernacular names. The taxonomy Moths. Butterfly Conservation, 2010. 60 years. reflects the ‘Fauna Europaea’ database. Initial results of National Moth Recording scheme with entries pre- and post-2000. Berkshire Moth Group. Common MicroJ. D. Bradley. Checklist of Lepidoptera moths of Berkshire. Berkshire Moth Recorded from the British Isles. Second Roland Robineau. Guide des papillons Group, 2013. edition. Bradley, 2000. nocturnes de France. Delachaux et 103 species of common micros The complete systematic arrangement of Niestlé, 2011. beautifully described and illustrated with British species with Log Book numbers, 1620 larger moths of France. Includes comparative and annotated photographs. now replaced by the above. many species seen in Britain and Ireland, potential migrants and others only seen Marjorie Blamey, Richard Fitter & Alastair A. Maitland Emmet (editor). The Moths on a trip to Europe. Fitter. Wild Flowers of Britain & Ireland. and Butterflies of Great Britain and Second edition. Bloomsbury, 2013. Ireland. Harley Books, 1976–2002. Josef Razowski. Tortricidae of Europe, Extensive coverage, well illustrated, Nine volumes available, covering Vols 1 & 2. Franisek Slamka, 2002–2003. with distribution maps, very useful for most British species with illustrations, Very clear photographs of set adult tortrix identifying foodplants. descriptions, distribution maps, genitalia, moths, descriptions and distribution lifestyle and habitat. details, genitalia drawings.

WEBSITES

www.butterfly-conservation.org Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset BH20 5QP. Tel 0870 774 4309. Working for the interests of Britain’s moths and butterflies.

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 342

www.mothscount.org www.mothnight.info National Moth Recording Scheme, aiming Details of the annual nationwide moth to increase public awareness of moths recording event. and create a national database for all moth records. Maintains register of all County Moth Recorders.

17/10/2014 14:38

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING INDEX   343 www.ukmoths.org.uk Brilliant site run by Ian Kimber, aiming to show photographs of all UK moths, featuring 2226 species in October 2014. www.mothsireland.com Macro- and micromoths of Ireland with distribution maps, run by Angus Tyner. www.leafmines.co.uk Essential viewing for study of all British leaf mines, including Lepidoptera. www.gelechiid.co.uk The Gelechiid Recording Scheme covers the 161 species in the Gelechiidae family (number 35 in the new checklist) in the British Isles.

www.portlandbirdobs.org.uk Martin Cade runs moth lights on Portland most nights and posts stunning photographs of migrant moths and birds most days.

www.watdon.com Watkins & Doncaster, PO Box 5, Cranbrook, Kent TN18 5EZ. Entomological equipment, traps, books, etc. Established 1874, founder of London Zoo insect house.

www.atropos.info Editor: Mark Tunmore, 36 Tinker Lane, Meltham, Holmfirth, West Yorkshire HD9 4EX. Atropos is the only independent journal devoted to the Lepidoptera and Odonata of the British Isles.

www.angleps.com Anglian Lepidopterist Supplies, Station Road, Hindolveston, Norfolk NR20 5DE. Entomology supplies, moth light traps, etc. Very informative site.

www.amentsoc.org Amateur Entomologists’ Society, PO Box 8774, London SW7 5ZG.

www.kendall-bioresearch.co.uk Clearly explains taxonomy of insects and other classes, along with anatomical illustrations.

www.royensoc.co.uk Royal Entomological Society, The Mansion www.lepiforum.de House, Chiswell Green Lane, St Albans. Very comprehensive coverage of European AL2 3NS. Founded 1833. moths and butterflies. www.benhs.org.uk www.leps.it British Entomological & Natural History Moths and butterflies of Europe and North Society, Dinton Pastures Country Park, Africa. Good for unusual migrants. Davis Street, Hurst, Reading, Berks RG10 0TH.

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344  344 

INDEX

INDEX Abraxas grossulariata ​238 sylvata ​238 Abrostola tripartita ​280 triplasia ​280 Acanthopsyche atra ​38 Acasis viretata ​238 Acentria ephemerella ​194 Acherontia atropos ​204 Achlya flavicornis ​198 Achroia grisella ​172 Acleris abietana ​132 aspersana ​134 bergmanniana ​ 130 caledoniana ​130 comariana ​130 cristana ​132 effractana ​132 emargana ​132 ferrugana ​134 forsskaleana ​130 hastiana ​134 holmiana ​130 hyemana ​134 kochiella ​134 laterana ​130 lipsiana ​136 literana ​136 logiana ​134 lorquiniana ​132 maccana ​132 notana ​134 permutana ​134 rhombana ​132 rufana ​136 schalleriana ​132 shepherdana ​134 sparsana ​132 umbrana ​ 132 variegana ​ 134 Acompsia cinerella ​82 schmidtiellus ​82 Acontia lucida ​284 trabealis ​ 284 Acosmetia caliginosa ​292 Acrobasis advenella ​176 consociella ​176 marmorea ​176 repandana ​176 suavella ​176 tumidana ​176 Acrocercops brongniardella ​ 46 Acroclita subsequana ​150 Acrolepia autumnitella ​62 Acrolepiopsis assectella ​62 betulella ​ 62 marcidella ​62 Acronicta aceris ​286 alni ​286 auricoma ​286 cinerea ​286 leporina ​286 menyanthidis ​286 psi ​286 rumicis ​286 strigosa ​286 tridens ​286 Actebia praecox ​328 Actinotia polyodon ​296 Adaina microdactyla ​118 Adela croesella ​32 cuprella ​32 reaumurella ​32

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 344

Adelidae ​ 32 Adoxophyes orana ​128 Adscita geryon ​170 statices ​170 Aedia funesta ​284 leucomelas ​284 Aethalura punctulata ​252 Aethes beatricella ​138 cnicana ​138 francillana ​ 138 hartmanniana ​138 margaritana ​138 piercei ​138 rubigana ​138 rutilana ​138 smeathmanniana ​138 tesserana ​138 williana ​138 Agapeta hamana ​136 zoegana ​138 Agdistis bennetii ​114 meridionalis ​ 114 tamaricis ​114 Aglossa pinguinalis ​180 Agonopterix alstromeriana ​ 74 angelicella ​76 arenella ​74 assimilella ​74 atomella ​72 bipunctosa ​74 ciliella ​74 cnicella ​76 conterminella ​72 curvipunctosa ​74 heracliana ​74 kaekeritziana ​74 liturosa ​72 nanatella ​74 nervosa ​74 ocellana ​ 72 pallorella ​74 propinquella ​74 purpurea ​ 72 putridella ​ 74 rotundella ​74 scopariella ​72 subpropinquella ​74 umbellana ​74 yeatiana ​76 Agriopis aurantiaria ​248 leucophaearia ​248 marginaria ​248 Agriphila geniculea ​192 inquinatella ​192 latistria ​192 selasella ​ 192 straminella ​192 tristella ​192 Agrius convolvuli ​204 Agrochola circellaris ​310 haematidea ​308 helvola ​ 308 litura ​308 lota ​308 lychnidis ​308 macilenta ​308 Agrotera nemoralis ​186 Agrotis cinerea ​330 clavis ​ 330 crassa ​330 exclamationis ​330 graslini ​330

ipsilon ​330 puta ​330 ripae ​330 segetum ​330 trux lunigera ​330 vestigialis ​330 Alabonia geoffrella ​70 Alchymist ​280 Alcis jubata ​252 repandata ​ 250 Alder Moth ​286 Aleimma loeflingiana ​130 Aleucis distinctata ​254 Alfalfa Moth ​ 160 Allophyes oxyacanthae ​290 Alsophila aescularia ​246 Altenia scriptella ​92 Alucita hexadactyla ​114 Alucitidae ​114 Amblyptilia acanthadactyla ​ 116 punctidactyla ​116 Amphipoea crinanensis ​300 fucosa paludis ​298 lucens ​298 oculea ​300 Amphipyra berbera svenssoni ​ 290 pyramidea ​290 tragopoginis ​290 Amphisbatis incongruella ​72 Anacampsis blattariella ​80 populella ​80 temerella ​80 Anania coronata ​184 crocealis ​184 funebris ​ 184 fuscalis ​182 hortulata ​ 184 lancealis ​182 perlucidalis ​184 stachydalis ​184 terrealis ​184 verbascalis ​184 Anaplectoides prasina ​336 Anarsia lineatella ​80 spartiella ​80 Anarta melanopa ​320 myrtilli ​320 trifolii ​320 Anatrachyntis badia ​78 Ancylis achatana ​148 apicella ​148 badiana ​ 148 comptana ​146 diminutana ​148 geminana ​148 laetana ​146 mitterbacheriana ​148 myrtillana ​148 obtusana ​146 paludana ​148 tineana ​148 uncella ​146 unculana ​148 unguicella ​ 146 upupana ​ 146 Ancylolomia tentaculella ​ 194 Ancylosis cinnamomella ​178 oblitella ​178 Anerastia lotella ​180 Angerona prunaria ​242

Angle Shades ​296 Small ​296 Angoumois Grain Moth ​82 Annulet ​256 Irish ​254 Scotch ​254 Anomalous ​290 Anorthoa munda ​318 Anthophila fabriciana ​120 Anticlea badiata ​218 derivata ​218 Anticollix sparsata ​226 Antigastra catalaunalis ​186 Antispila treitschkiella ​30 Antitype chi ​314 Antler ​320 Antonechloris smaragdaria ​ 258 Apamea anceps ​304 crenata ​ 304 epomidion ​304 exulis ​306 furva britannica ​304 lateritia ​304 lithoxylaea ​304 monoglypha ​304 oblonga ​304 remissa ​302 scolopacina ​ 304 sordens ​304 sublustris ​304 unanimis ​ 304 Apeira syringaria ​242 Aphelia paleana ​126 unitana ​ 126 viburnana ​126 Aphomia sociella ​172 zelleri ​172 Aplasta ononaria ​258 Aplocera efformata ​236 plagiata ​236 praeformata ​236 Aplota palpellus ​70 Apocheima hispidaria ​246 Apoda limacodes ​170 Apodia bifractella ​84 Apomyelois bistriatella ​176 Aporophyla australis pascuea ​ 314 lueneburgensis ​314 lutulenta ​314 nigra ​316 Apotomis betuletana ​142 capreana ​142 lineana ​ 140 sauciana ​142 semifasciana ​140 sororculana ​142 turbidana ​142 Apple Leaf Skeletoniser ​122 Apple Pith Moth ​108 Apple Pygmy ​22 Aproaerema anthyllidella ​ 80 Apterogenum ypsillon ​314 Archanara dissoluta ​302 neurica ​ 302 Arches, Beautiful ​316 Black ​266 Buff ​198 Dark ​304 Green ​336 Grey ​320



Jersey Black ​340 Kent Black ​338 Least Black ​338 Light ​304 Northern ​306 Reddish Light ​304 Scarce Black ​338 Silvery ​320 Small Black ​338 Archiearis notha ​238 parthenias ​238 Archinemapogon yildizae ​ 38 Archips crataegana ​124 oporana ​ 122 podana ​ 124 rosana ​124 xylosteana ​124 Arctia caja ​270 villica ​ 270 Arctornis l-nigrum ​266 Arenostola phragmitidis ​ 300 Argent and Sable ​226 Small ​216 Argolamprotes micella ​84 Argyresthia albistria ​64 bonnetella ​64 brockeella ​62 conjugella ​64 cupressella ​62 curvella ​64 dilectella ​ 62 glabratella ​62 glaucinella ​ 64 goedartella ​62 ivella ​ 62 laevigatella ​62 pruniella ​64 pygmaeella ​62 retinella ​64 semifusca ​64 semitestacella ​64 sorbiella ​62 spinosella ​ 64 trifasciata ​62 Argyresthiidae ​62–4 Argyrotaenia ljungiana ​124 Aristotelia brizella ​84 ericinella ​ 84 Aroga velocella ​88 Ash Bud Moth ​66 Aspilapteryx tringipennella ​ 46 Aspitates gilvaria ​256 ochrearia ​ 256 Assara terebrella ​178 Asteroscopus sphinx ​290 Asthena albulata ​224 Atethmia centrago ​312 Athetis hospes ​296 pallustris ​ 296 Athrips mouffetella ​86 rancidella ​86 Atolmis rubricollis ​272 Autographa bractea ​282 gamma ​282 jota ​282 pulchrina ​ 282 Autostichidae ​66 Autumnal Moth ​224 Small ​224 Axylia putris ​332

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INDEX  345 Bactra furfurana ​146 lacteana ​146 lancealana ​146 robustana ​146 Bankesia conspurcatella ​36 Barred Red ​254 Barred Straw ​222 Barred Yellow ​220 Batia internella ​68 lambdella ​68 lunaris ​ 68 Batrachedra pinicolella ​94 praeangusta ​94 Batrachedridae ​94 Beauty, Belted ​246 Bordered ​242 Brindled ​246 Dark Bordered ​242 Feathered ​250 Great Oak ​252 Lilac ​242 Lydd ​250 Mottled ​250 Oak ​246 Olive-tree ​250 Pale Brindled ​246 Pale Oak ​252 Pine ​316 Rannoch Brindled ​246 Satin ​250 Small Brindled ​246 Speckled ​252 Willow ​250 Bedellia somnulentella ​66 Bedelliidae ​66 Bee Moth ​172 Beet Moth ​90 Belle, July ​214 Lead ​214 Lesser ​276 Straw ​256 Yellow ​256 Bembecia ichneumoniformis ​ 168 Bena bicolorana ​340 Bird’s Wing ​296 Bisigna procerella ​68 Biston betularia ​248 strataria ​246 Black Collar ​328 Black Mountain Moth ​256 Black V Moth ​266 Black-banded ​316 Black-veined Moth ​256 Blackneck ​276 Levant ​276 Scarce ​276 Blastobasidae ​112 Blastobasis adustella ​112 lacticolella ​112 phycidella ​112 rebeli ​112 Blastodacna atra ​108 hellerella ​108 Blister Moth, Nut Leaf ​50 Pear Leaf ​66 Blood-vein ​212 Small ​212 Bohemannia pulverosella ​26 quadrimaculella ​26 Bollworm, Eastern ​340 Egyptian ​340 Bordered Grey ​250 Bordered White ​254 Borer, Currant Shoot ​34 Eggplant ​186 European Corn ​184

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 345

Peach Twig ​80 Borkhausenia fuscescens ​68 minutella ​68 Boxworm Moth ​188 Brachionycha nubeculosa ​290 Brachmia blandella ​82 inornatella ​ 82 Brachylomia viminalis ​314 Brass, Burnished ​282 Scarce Burnished ​280 Slender Burnished ​280 Brick ​310 Bright-line Brown-eye ​322 Brimstone Moth ​242 Brindle, Clouded ​304 Clouded-bordered ​304 Feathered ​314 Golden-rod ​312 Scarce ​304 Slender ​304 Small Clouded ​304 Yellow-barred ​238 Brindled Green ​314 Southern ​314 Brindled Ochre ​316 Brindled White-spot ​252 Broad-barred White ​324 Brocade, Antirrhinum ​288 Beautiful ​322 Dark ​316 Dusky ​302 Flame ​314 Great ​334 Light ​320 Mediterranean ​294 Pale-shouldered ​322 Sombre ​314 Splendid ​322 Toadflax ​288 Broom Moth ​322 Broom-tip ​236 Brown Scallop ​226 Brown Silver-line ​240 Brown-line Bright Eye ​326 Brown-tail ​266 Brussels Lace ​256 Bryophila domestica ​292 raptricula ​292 Bryotropha affinis ​84 basaltinella ​84 boreella ​84 desertella ​84 domestica ​82 politella ​84 senectella ​84 similis ​ 84 terrella ​84 Bucculatricidae ​42–4 Bucculatrix albedinella ​42 bechsteinella ​44 cidarella ​44 demaryella ​44 frangutella ​42 maritima ​42 nigricomella ​42 thoracella ​44 ulmella ​44 Buckleria paludum ​118 Bud Moth ​148 Nut ​152 Pine ​158 Spruce ​152 Buff-tip ​262 Buff, Reddish ​292 Small Dotted ​302 Bupalus piniaria ​254 Burnet Companion ​278

Burnet, Five-spot ​170 Narrow-bordered Fivespot ​170 New Forest ​170 Scotch ​170 Six-spot ​170 Slender Scotch ​170 Transparent ​170 Burren Green ​296 Butterbur ​298 Cabbage Moth ​322 Cabera exanthemata ​254 pusaria ​254 Cacao Moth ​ 180 Cacoecimorpha pronubana ​ 126 Cadra cautella ​180 Calamia tridens ​296 Calamotropha paludella ​190 Callimorpha dominula ​270 Callisto denticulella ​46 Calliteara pudibunda ​268 Callopistria juventina ​292 latreillei ​292 Calophasia lunula ​288 platyptera ​ 288 Caloptilia alchimiella ​44 azaleella ​44 betulicola ​44 cuculipennella ​44 elongella ​44 falconipennella ​46 hemidactylella ​ 46 populetorum ​44 robustella ​44 rufipennella ​ 44 semifascia ​46 stigmatella ​44 Calybites phasianipennella ​ 46 Cameo ​298 Cameraria ohridella ​54 Campaea margaritata ​254 Campion ​324 Camptogramma bilineata ​ 216 Capperia britanniodactylus ​ 118 Capua vulgana ​122 Caradrina clavipalpis ​294 flavirena ​294 kadenii ​294 morpheus ​294 Carcina quercana ​72 Carpatolechia alburnella ​92 decorella ​ 92 fugitivella ​92 proximella ​92 Carpet, Arran ​222 Autumn Green ​222 Balsam ​214 Barberry ​226 Barred ​228 Beautiful ​218 Beech-green ​222 Blue-bordered ​220 Broken-barred ​220 Chalk ​214 Chestnut-coloured ​220 Cloaked ​216 Common ​216 Common Marbled ​222 Cypress ​220 Dark Marbled ​222 Dark-barred Twin-spot ​ 216

Devon ​224 Dotted ​252 Flame ​216 Galium ​216 Garden ​214 Green ​222 Grey ​236 Grey Mountain ​218 Grey Pine ​220 Juniper ​220 Large Twin-spot ​216 Least ​208 Marsh ​228 Netted ​220 Oblique ​214 Pine ​218 Pretty Chalk ​226 Red ​214 Red Twin-spot ​216 Red-green ​222 Ringed ​250 Ruddy ​216 Sandy ​228 Scorched ​238 Sharp-angled ​218 Silver-ground ​216 Sloe ​254 Spanish ​214 Spruce ​220 Striped Twin-spot ​224 Twin-spot ​228 Water ​224 Waved ​224 White-banded ​218 Wood ​216 Yellow-ringed ​218 Carsia sororiata ​236 Caryocolum alsinella ​90 blandella ​ 90 blandelloides ​90 blandulella ​90 fraternella ​90 kroesmanniella ​90 marmorea ​90 tricolorella ​90 vicinella ​90 viscariella ​90 Case-bearer, Apple and Plum ​ 96 Betony ​104 Clover ​98 Larch ​100 Large Clover ​96 Large Gold ​100 Lesser Lichen ​36 Lichen ​36 Pistol ​98 Small Clover ​98 Castniidae ​166 Cataclysta lemnata ​194 Catarhoe cuculata ​216 rubidata ​216 Catephria alchymista ​280 Catocala conjuncta ​278 electa ​278 elocata ​278 fraxini ​278 nupta ​278 nymphagoga ​278 promissa ​278 sponsa ​278 Catoptria falsella ​192 furcatellus ​192 margaritella ​ 192 permutatellus ​192 pinella ​192 verellus ​192



Cauchas fibulella ​32 rufimitrella ​32 Cedestis gysseleniella ​56 subfasciella ​56 Celaena haworthii ​298 Celypha aurofasciana ​144 cespitana ​142 lacunana ​142 rivulana ​144 rosaceana ​142 rufana ​142 striana ​142 woodiana ​142 Cepphis advenaria ​240 Ceramica pisi ​322 Cerapteryx graminis ​320 Cerastis leucographa ​332 rubricosa ​332 Cereal Stem Moth ​ 60 Cerura erminea ​260 vinula ​260 Charanyca trigrammica ​294 Charissa obscurata ​256 Cherry Bark Moth ​146 Chesias legatella ​236 rufata ​236 Chestnut ​310 Barred ​332 Beaded ​308 Black-spotted ​310 Dark ​310 Dotted ​310 Flounced ​308 Red ​332 Red-headed ​310 Southern ​308 Chevron ​220 Chiasmia aestimaria ​240 clathrata ​240 Chilo phragmitella ​190 Chilodes maritima ​294 Chimabachidae ​70 Chimney Sweeper ​228 China-mark, Beautiful ​194 Brown ​194 Ringed ​194 Small ​194 Chinese Character ​ 196 Chionodes distinctella ​88 fumatella ​88 Chloantha hyperici ​296 Chlorissa cloraria ​258 viridata ​258 Chloroclysta miata ​222 siterata ​222 v-ata ​228 Chocolate-tip ​264 Scarce ​264 Small ​264 Choreutidae ​120–2 Choreutis diana ​122 pariana ​122 Choristoneura hebenstreitella ​124 Chrysoclista lathamella ​110 linneella ​110 Chrysocrambus craterella ​ 192 linetella ​192 Chrysodeixis acuta ​280 chalcites ​280 Chrysoesthia drurella ​82 sexguttella ​ 82 Chrysoteuchia culmella ​190 Cidaria fulvata ​220 Cilix glaucata ​196 Cinnabar ​270

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346  346 

INDEX

Cirrhia gilvago ​308 icteritia ​ 308 ocellaris ​308 Clavigesta purdeyi ​158 Clay ​326 Dotted ​336 Ingrailed ​332 Plain ​338 Purple ​332 Square-spotted ​336 Triple-spotted ​336 Clearwing, Currant ​168 Dusky ​168 Fiery ​168 Large Red-belted ​168 Orange-tailed ​168 Raspberry ​166 Red-belted ​168 Red-tipped ​168 Sallow ​168 Six-belted ​168 Thrift ​168 Welsh ​168 White-barred ​168 Yellow-legged ​ 168 Cleora cinctaria ​250 Cleorodes lichenaria ​256 Clepsis consimilana ​126 rurinana ​126 senecionana ​ 126 spectrana ​126 Clifden Nonpareil ​278 Clostera anachoreta ​264 curtula ​264 pigra ​264 Clothes Moth, Brown-dotted ​ 40 Case-bearing ​40 Common ​40 Cloud, Pale-shouldered ​296 Purple ​296 Silver ​318 Clouded Border ​238 Clouded Buff ​270 Clouded Silver ​254 Clover, Marbled ​290 Shoulder-striped ​292 Clover Moth, Spotted ​290 Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla ​116 Cnephasia sp. ​128 asseclana ​128 communana ​130 conspersana ​ 130 genitalana ​130 incertana ​128 longana ​130 pasiuana ​130 pumicana ​130 stephensiana ​128 Cochylidia implicitana ​138 rupicola ​138 Cochylimorpha straminea ​136 Cochylis atricapitana ​140 dubitana ​ 140 flaviciliana ​140 hybridella ​ 140 molliculana ​ 140 nana ​140 pallidana ​140 roseana ​140 Cocksfoot Moth ​60 Codling Moth ​160 Coenobia rufa ​302 Coenocalpe lapidata ​226 Coenophila subrosea ​338 Coenotephria salicata ​224

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 346

Coleophora adjectella ​94 adspersella ​104 ahenella ​96 albella ​ 94 albicans ​104 albicosta ​100 albidella ​98 albitarsella ​ 96 alcyonipennella ​ 98 alnifoliae ​94 alticolella ​102 amethystinella ​98 anatipennella ​98 argentula ​ 104 artemisicolella ​102 atriplicis ​102 badiipennella ​94 betulella ​100 binderella ​96 caespititiella ​100 calycotomella ​98 clypeiferella ​ 104 conyzae ​98 currucipennella ​100 deauratella ​98 discordella ​98 flavipennella ​ 94 follicularis ​104 frischella ​98 galbulipennella ​102 genistae ​98 glaucicolella ​100 gryphipennella ​94 hemerobiella ​98 ibipennella ​ 100 idaeella ​96 juncicolella ​96 kuehnella ​100 laricella ​100 lassella ​102 limoniella ​94 limosipennella ​96 lineolea ​98 lithargyrinella ​98 lixella ​100 lusciniaepennella ​96 lutarea ​94 lutipennella ​94 mayrella ​98 milvipennis ​94 nutantella ​104 ochrea ​100 orbitella ​96 otidipennella ​100 paripennella ​104 pennella ​100 peribenanderi ​ 102 prunifoliae ​96 pyrrhulipennella ​100 salicorniae ​104 salinella ​ 102 saturatella ​98 saxicolella ​ 102 serratella ​96 solitariella ​ 104 spinella ​ 96 sternipennella ​102 striatipennella ​104 sylvaticella ​102 taeniipennella ​102 tamesis ​100 trifolii ​96 trochilella ​ 102 versurella ​102 vestianella ​102 vibicella ​100 violacea ​96

virgaureae ​102 vitisella ​96 wockeella ​104 Coleophoridae ​94–104 Colobochyla salicalis ​276 Colocasia coryli ​284 Colostygia multistrigaria ​ 222 olivata ​222 pectinataria ​ 222 Colotois pennaria ​246 Comibaena bajularia ​258 Commophila aeneana ​138 Concolorous ​302 Conformist ​310 Confused ​304 Conisania andalusica barrettii ​324 Conistra erythrocephala ​310 ligula ​310 rubiginea ​310 rubiginosa ​ 310 vaccinii ​310 Coptotriche angusticollella ​ 36 marginea ​36 Coranarta cordigera ​320 Cork Moth ​40 Corn Moth ​40 Cornutiplusia circumflexa ​ 282 Coronet ​288 Barrett’s Marbled ​324 Marbled ​324 Varied ​324 Coscinia cribraria bivittata ​ 272 Cosmia affinis ​312 diffinis ​312 pyralina ​ 312 trapezina ​312 Cosmopolitan ​328 Cosmopterigidae ​78 Cosmopterix lienigiella ​78 orichalcea ​78 pulchrimella ​78 scribaiella ​78 zieglerella ​78 Cosmorhoe ocellata ​220 Cossidae ​ 166 Cossus cossus ​166 Costaconvexa polygrammata ​ 216 Cousin German ​338 Crambidae ​ 180–196 Crambus ericella ​190 hamella ​ 192 lathoniellus ​192 pascuella ​190 perlella ​192 pratella ​192 silvella ​190 uliginosellus ​190 Craniophora ligustri ​288 Crassa tinctella ​68 unitella ​68 Cream-bordered Green Pea ​ 340 Crescent ​298 Crescent Striped ​304 Crimson Speckled ​272 Crocallis dardoinaria ​244 elinguaria ​244 Crocidosema plebejana ​154 Crombrugghia distans ​116 laetus ​116 Cryphia algae ​292

Crypsedra gemmea ​298 Cryptoblabes bistriga ​172 Ctenoplusia limbirena ​280 Cucullia absinthii ​288 asteris ​ 288 chamomillae ​288 lychnitis ​288 umbratica ​288 verbasci ​288 Cybosia mesomella ​272 Cyclophora albipunctata ​212 annularia ​212 linearia ​ 214 pendularia ​212 porata ​212 punctaria ​212 puppillaria ​212 ruficiliaria ​212 Cydalima perspectalis ​188 Cydia amplana ​162 conicolana ​160 coniferana ​160 cosmophorana ​ 160 deshaisiana ​162 fagiglandana ​162 illutana ​ 160 medicaginis ​160 microgrammana ​160 nigricana ​160 pomonella ​160 servillana ​160 splendana ​162 strobilella ​160 ulicetana ​160 Cymatophorima diluta hartwiegi ​ 198 Cymolomia hartigiana ​144 Cynaeda dentalis ​188 Dagger, Dark ​286 Grey ​286 Marsh ​286 Reed ​286 Scarce ​286 Dahlica inconspicuella ​36 lichenella ​36 triquetrella ​ 36 Daphnis nerii ​206 Dart, Archer’s ​330 Coast ​328 Crescent ​330 Deep-brown ​314 Double ​334 Garden ​328 Great ​330 Heart and ​330 Northern ​336 Northern Deep-brown ​314 Sand ​330 Shuttle-shaped ​330 Square-spot ​328 Stout ​334 White-line ​328 Woods’s ​330 Dasycera oliviella ​70 Dasypolia templi ​316 Dasystoma salicella ​70 December Moth ​200 Deilephila elpenor ​208 porcellus ​ 208 Deileptenia ribeata ​250 Delicate ​326 Delplanqueia dilutella ​174 Deltote bankiana ​284 deceptoria ​284 pygarga ​284 uncula ​284

Dendrolimus pini ​202 Denisia albimaculea ​68 augustella ​68 similella ​68 subaquilea ​ 68 Denticucullus pygmina ​302 Depressaria badiella ​76 chaerophylli ​76 daucella ​76 douglasella ​76 pimpinellae ​76 pulcherrimella ​76 radiella ​76 sordidatella ​76 ultimella ​76 Depressariidae ​72–76 Dew Moth ​274 Diachrysia chrysitis ​282 chryson ​280 Diacrisia sannio ​270 Dialectica scalariella ​46 Diamond-back Moth ​ 60 Diaphora mendica ​270 Diarsia brunnea ​332 dahlii ​332 florida ​332 mendica ​332 rubi ​332 Diasemia reticularis ​186 Diasemiopsis ramburialis ​ 186 Dicallomera fascelina ​268 Dichagyris flammatra ​328 Dichomeris alacella ​82 derasella ​ 82 juniperella ​80 marginella ​82 ustalella ​82 Dichrorampha acuminatana ​ 158 aeratana ​158 alpinana ​160 flavidorsana ​160 montanana ​160 petiverella ​160 plumbagana ​160 plumbana ​158 sedatana ​ 158 senectana ​158 sequana ​158 simpliciana ​158 sylvicolana ​158 vancouverana ​158 Dicycla oo ​312 Digitivalva perlepidella ​62 pulicariae ​62 Diloba caeruleocephala ​ 286 Dioryctria abietella ​176 schuetzeella ​174 simplicella ​176 sylvestrella ​ 174 Diplodoma laichartingella ​ 36 Ditula angustiorana ​122 Diurnea fagella ​70 lipsiella ​70 Dog’s Tooth ​322 Dolicharthria punctalis ​186 Donacaula forficella ​196 mucronella ​196 Dot Moth ​322 Dotted Border ​248 Double Kidney ​312 Double Line ​324 Double Lobed ​306 Douglasiidae ​66

17/10/2014 14:38

INDEX  347 Drab Looper ​226 Drab, Clouded ​316 Lead-coloured ​318 Northern ​318 Drepana curvatula ​196 falcataria ​ 196 Drepanidae ​196–8 Dried Currant Moth ​180 Drinker ​202 Drymonia dodonaea ​260 ruficornis ​260 Dryobota labecula ​314 Dryobotodes eremita ​314 roboris ​314 tenebrosa ​314 Dun-bar ​312 Duponchelia fovealis ​186 Dypterygia scabriuscula ​ 296 Dysauxes ancilla ​274 Dyscia fagaria ​256 Dyseriocrania subpurpurella ​ 18 Dysgonia algira ​280 Dysstroma citrata ​222 truncata ​222 Dystebenna stephensi ​110 Eana incanana ​128 osseana ​128 penziana ​ 128 Ear Moth ​300 Ear, Crinan ​300 Large ​298 Saltern ​298 Earias clorana ​340 insulana ​340 vittella ​340 Early Grey ​290 Early Moth ​254 Eccopisa effractella ​178 Ecliptopera silaceata ​222 Ectoedemia agrimoniae ​30 albifasciella ​28 angulifasciella ​30 argyropeza ​28 atricollis ​30 atrifrontella ​28 decentella ​28 erythrogenella ​ 30 hannoverella ​28 heckfordi ​28 heringella ​28 heringi ​28 intimella ​28 louisella ​28 minimella ​30 occultella ​30 quinquella ​28 rubivora ​30 septembrella ​28 sericopeza ​ 26 subbimaculella ​28 weaveri ​28 Ectropis crepuscularia bistortata ​252 crepuscularia crepuscularia ​ 252 Eggar, Grass ​200 Oak ​200 Pale ​200 Small ​200 Egira conspicillaris ​318 Eidophasia messingiella ​60 Eilema caniola ​274 complana ​274 depressa ​272

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 347

griseola ​ 272 lurideola ​272 pygmaeola ​274 sororcula ​ 274 Elachista adscitella ​106 albidella ​ 108 albifrontella ​106 alpinella ​ 106 apicipunctella ​106 argentella ​106 atricomella ​106 biatomella ​106 bisulcella ​106 canapennella ​108 consortella ​108 freyerella ​108 gangabella ​106 gleichenella ​106 humilis ​108 kilmunella ​106 luticomella ​106 maculicerusella ​108 obliquella ​106 orstadii ​108 poae ​106 regificella ​106 rufocinerea ​108 serricornis ​108 stabilella ​108 subalbidella ​106 subnigrella ​108 subocellea ​ 106 trapeziella ​108 triatomea ​106 Elachistidae ​104–8 Elaphria venustula ​294 Electrophaes corylata ​220 Elegia fallax ​172 similella ​172 Elophila nymphaeata ​194 Ematurga atomaria ​254 Emerald, Blotched ​258 Common ​258 Essex ​258 Grass ​258 Jersey ​258 Large ​258 Light ​254 Little ​258 Small ​258 Small Grass ​258 Southern Grass ​258 Sussex ​258 Emmelina argoteles ​120 monodactyla ​120 Emperor ​202 Enargia paleacea ​312 Enarmonia formosana ​146 Endothenia ericetana ​146 gentianaeana ​144 marginana ​144 nigricostana ​144 oblongana ​144 quadrimaculana ​146 Endotricha flammealis ​180 Endromidae ​202 Endromis versicolora ​202 Endrosis sarcitrella ​68 Engrailed ​252 Small ​252 Ennomos alniaria ​242 autumnaria ​242 erosaria ​ 244 fuscantaria ​242 quercinaria ​242 Entephria caesiata ​218 flavicinctata ​218

Enteucha acetosae ​20 Epagoge grotiana ​122 Epermenia aequidentellus ​ 120 chaerophyllella ​120 falciformis ​120 Epermeniidae ​120 Ephestia elutella ​180 kuehniella ​180 unicolorella ​180 Epiblema cirsiana ​156 cnicicolana ​156 costipunctana ​156 foenella ​ 156 scutulana ​156 sticticana ​156 turbidana ​156 Epicallima formosella ​70 Epichnopterix plumella ​38 Epichoristodes acerbella ​ 126 Epinotia abbreviana ​150 bilunana ​152 brunnichana ​150 caprana ​150 cinereana ​152 cruciana ​ 150 demarniana ​ 152 immundana ​150 maculana ​150 mercuriana ​150 nanana ​152 nemorivaga ​150 nisella ​152 pygmaeana ​152 ramella ​ 152 rubiginosana ​ 152 signatana ​150 solandriana ​150 sordidana ​150 subocellana ​152 tedella ​152 tenerana ​152 tetraquetrana ​152 trigonella ​150 Epione repandaria ​242 vespertaria ​242 Epiphyas postvittana ​128 Epirrhoe alternata ​216 galiata ​216 rivata ​216 tristata ​216 Epirrita autumnata ​224 christyi ​224 dilutata ​224 filigrammaria ​224 Epischnia asteris ​176 Erannis defoliaria ​248 Erebidae ​ 264–80 Eremobia ochroleuca ​298 Eriocrania cicatricella ​18 salopiella ​18 sangii ​18 semipurpurella ​18 sparrmannella ​18 unimaculella ​18 Eriocraniidae ​18 Eriogaster lanestris ​200 Eriopsela quadrana ​148 Eriopygodes imbecilla ​328 Ermine, Apple ​54 Bird-cherry ​54 Buff ​268 Orchard ​54 Spindle ​56 Thistle ​178 Water ​270



White ​268 Willow ​56 Esperia sulphurella ​70 Ethmia bipunctella ​78 dodecea ​76 quadrillella ​76 terminella ​78 Ethmiidae ​76–8 Etiella zinckenella ​174 Eublemma ostrina ​276 parva ​276 purpurina ​276 Eucarta virgo ​292 Euchoeca nebulata ​224 Euchromius cambridgei ​ 190 ocellea ​190 Euclidia glyphica ​278 mi ​280 Eucosma aspidiscana ​154 campoliliana ​154 cana ​154 conterminana ​ 154 hohenwartiana ​154 lacteana ​154 metzneriana ​154 obumbratana ​154 pupillana ​ 154 rubescana ​154 tripoliana ​154 Eucosmomorpha albersana ​ 146 Eudarcia richardsoni ​38 Eudemis porphyrana ​140 profundana ​140 Eudonia alpina ​190 angustea ​ 188 delunella ​ 190 lacustrata ​188 lineola ​190 mercurella ​190 murana ​188 pallida ​190 truncicolella ​190 Eugnorisma depuncta ​338 glareosa ​338 Eulamprotes atrella ​86 immaculatella ​86 unicolorella ​86 wilkella ​86 Eulia ministrana ​136 Eulithis mellinata ​222 populata ​220 prunata ​220 testata ​220 Euphyia biangulata ​216 unangulata ​218 Eupithecia abbreviata ​230 abietaria ​230 absinthiata ​234 assimilata ​234 centaureata ​ 234 denotata denotata ​234 distinctaria ​232 dodoneata ​230 egenaria ​232 exiguata ​234 expallidata ​234 extensaria ​234 haworthiata ​ 230 icterata ​236 indigata ​ 232 innotata ​232 insigniata ​234 intricata ​234 inturbata ​230 irriguata ​232

lariciata ​232 linariata ​ 230 millefoliata ​234 nanata ​232 phoeniceata ​232 pimpinellata ​232 plumbeolata ​230 pulchellata ​ 230 pusillata ​232 pygmaeata ​ 230 satyrata ​234 simpliciata ​232 subfuscata ​236 subumbrata ​236 succenturiata ​236 tantillaria ​232 tenuiata ​ 230 tripunctaria ​232 trisignaria ​234 ultimaria ​230 valerianata ​ 234 venosata ​230 virgaureata ​232 vulgata ​234 Euplagia quadripunctaria ​ 270 Euplexia lucipara ​296 Eupoecilia ambiguella ​ 138 angustana ​138 Euproctis chrysorrhoea ​ 266 similis ​266 Eupsilia transversa ​312 Eurois occulta ​334 Euspilapteryx auroguttella ​ 46 Eustroma reticulata ​220 Euthrix potatoria ​202 Euxoa cursoria ​328 nigricans ​328 obelisca grisea ​328 tritici ​328 Euzophera cinerosella ​178 pinguis ​ 178 Evergestis extimalis ​188 forficalis ​188 limbata ​188 pallidata ​188 Exapate congelatella ​128 Exile 306 Exoteleia dodecella ​92 Fagivorina arenaria ​252 Falcaria lacertinaria ​196 Falseuncaria degreyana ​ 140 ruficiliana ​140 Fan-foot ​274 Clay ​274 Common ​274 Dotted ​274 Dusky ​274 Jubilee ​274 Plumed ​274 Shaded ​274 Small ​274 Feathered Ear ​320 Feline ​260 Fern ​226 Festoon ​170 Figure of Eight ​286 Fisher’s Estuarine Moth ​ 298 Flame ​332 Flame Shoulder ​332 Radford’s ​332

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348  348 

INDEX

Footman, Buff ​272 Common ​272 Dingy ​272 Dotted ​272 Feathered ​272 Four-dotted ​272 Four-spotted ​272 Hoary ​274 Muslin ​272 Orange ​274 Pigmy ​274 Red-necked ​272 Rosy ​272 Scarce ​274 Small Dotted ​272 Speckled ​272 Forester ​170 Cistus ​170 Scarce ​170 Four-spotted ​284 Fox Moth ​202 Friedlanderia cicatricella ​190 Frosted Green ​198 Frosted Orange ​298 Frosted Yellow ​240 Fruit Moth, Apple ​64 Cherry ​64 Plum ​ 162 Furcula bicuspis ​260 bifida ​260 furcula ​260 Gagitodes sagittata ​228 Galleria mellonella ​172 Gandaritis pyraliata ​222 Garden Pebble ​188 Gastropacha quercifolia ​202 Gelechia cuneatella ​88 muscosella ​88 nigra ​88 rhombella ​88 senticetella ​88 sororculella ​88 Gelechiidae ​80–94 Gem ​214 Scar Bank ​280 Silvery ​292 Stephens’ ​282 Tunbridge Wells ​280 Geometra papilionaria ​258 Geometrician ​280 Geometridae ​208–58 Ghost Moth ​20 Gillmeria ochrodactyla ​116 pallidactyla ​ 116 Glacies coracina ​256 Globia algae ​302 sparganii ​302 Gluphisia crenata ​262 Glyphipterigidae ​60–2 Glyphipterix forsterella ​60 fuscoviridella ​60 haworthana ​60 schoenicolella ​ 62 simpliciella ​60 thrasonella ​60 Gnophos dumentata ​254 obfuscata ​254 Goat Moth ​166 Gold Spangle ​282 Gold Spot ​284 Lempke’s ​284 Gold Triangle ​180 Golden Twin-spot ​280 Goldwing ​288 Gortyna borelii lunata ​298 flavago ​298

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 348

Gothic ​338 Beautiful ​306 Bordered ​324 Feathered ​320 Gracillaria syringella ​46 Gracillariidae ​ 44–54 Grammodes stolida ​280 Graphiphora augur ​334 Grapholita caecana ​162 compositella ​ 162 funebrana ​162 gemmiferana ​162 internana ​ 162 janthinana ​164 jungiella ​162 lathyrana ​162 lobarzewskii ​162 lunulana ​162 pallifrontana ​162 tenebrosana ​162 Green-brindled Crescent ​ 290 Greenweed Flat-body Moth ​ 72 Grey ​324 Grey Birch ​252 Grey Chi ​314 Grey Scalloped Bar ​256 Griposia aprilina ​314 Gymnancyla canella ​178 Gymnoscelis rufifasciata ​228 Gynnidomorpha alismana ​ 136 permixtana ​136 vectisana ​136 Gypsonoma aceriana ​156 dealbana ​154 minutana ​154 oppressana ​156 sociana ​156 Gypsy Moth ​266 Habrosyne pyritoides ​198 Hada plebeja ​322 Hadena albimacula ​324 bicruris ​ 324 caesia mananii ​324 compta ​ 324 confusa ​324 irregularis ​324 perplexa perplexa ​324 Handmaid ​274 Haplotinea insectella ​42 Harpella forficella ​70 Harpyia milhauseri ​260 Hawk-moth, Bedstraw ​206 Broad-bordered Bee ​206 Convolvulus ​204 Death’s-head ​204 Elephant ​208 Eyed ​204 Hummingbird ​206 Lime ​204 Narrow-bordered Bee ​ 206 Oleander ​206 Pine ​206 Poplar ​204 Privet ​206 Silver-striped ​208 Small Elephant ​208 Spurge ​206 Striped ​208 Willowherb ​206 Hawthorn Moth ​66 Heart and Club ​330 Heart Moth ​312

Heath, Common ​254 Latticed ​240 Hebrew Character ​318 Setaceous ​336 Hecatera bicolorata ​324 dysodea ​324 Hedya atropunctana ​142 nubiferana ​142 ochroleucana ​142 pruniana ​142 salicella ​142 Helcystogramma lutatella ​82 rufescens ​ 82 triannulella ​82 Helicoverpa armigera ​292 Heliodinidae ​66 Heliothis maritima ​292 nubigera ​292 peltigera ​292 viriplaca ​290 Heliozela hammoniella ​30 resplendella ​30 sericiella ​ 30 Heliozelidae ​30 Hellinsia carphodactyla ​118 chrysocomae ​118 lienigianus ​ 118 osteodactylus ​ 118 tephradactyla ​118 Hellula undalis ​188 Helotropha leucostigma ​298 Hemaris fuciformis ​206 tityus ​206 Hemistola chrysoprasaria ​ 258 Hemithea aestivaria ​258 Hepialidae ​ 20 Hepialus humuli ​20 Herald ​264 Herminia grisealis ​274 tarsicrinalis ​ 274 tarsipennalis ​274 Heterogenea asella ​170 Highflyer, July ​218 May ​218 Ruddy ​218 Hippotion celerio ​208 Hodebertia testalis ​186 Hofmannophila pseudospretella ​68 Hollyhock Seed Moth ​82 Homoeosoma nebulella ​178 sinuella ​178 Honeysuckle Moth ​58 Hook-tip, Barred ​196 Beautiful ​276 Dusky ​196 Oak ​196 Pebble ​196 Scalloped ​196 Scarce ​196 Hoplodrina ambigua ​294 blanda ​294 octogenaria ​ 294 superstes ​ 294 Horehound Longhorn Moth ​ 32 Horisme tersata ​226 vitalbata ​226 Hornet Moth ​166 Lunar ​168 Horse Chestnut ​242 House Moth, Brown ​68 White-shouldered ​68 Hydraecia micacea ​298 osseola hucherardi ​298 petasitis ​298

Hydrelia flammeolaria ​224 sylvata ​224 Hydria cervinalis ​226 undulata ​226 Hydriomena furcata ​218 impluviata ​218 ruberata ​218 Hylaea fasciaria ​254 Hyles euphorbiae ​206 gallii ​206 livornica ​208 Hypatima rhomboidella ​80 Hypena crassalis ​266 obesalis ​ 266 obsitalis ​266 proboscidalis ​264 rostralis ​264 Hypenodes humidalis ​274 Hypercallia citrinalis ​76 Hyphoraia testudinaria ​270 Hypochalcia ahenella ​176 Hypomecis punctinalis ​252 roboraria ​ 252 Hyppa rectilinea ​296 Hypsopygia costalis ​180 glaucinalis ​180 Hysterophora maculosana ​ 136 Idaea aversata ​210 biselata ​210 contiguaria britanniae ​210 degeneraria ​210 dilutaria ​ 210 dimidiata ​210 emarginata ​210 fuscovenosa ​210 humiliata ​210 muricata ​208 ochrata ​ 208 rusticata ​208 seriata ​210 serpentata ​208 straminata ​210 subsericeata ​210 sylvestraria ​210 trigeminata ​210 Incurvaria masculella ​34 oehlmanniella ​34 pectinea ​34 praelatella ​34 Incurvariidae ​ 34 Infurcitinea albicomella ​38 argentimaculella ​38 Ipimorpha retusa ​312 subtusa ​312 Isophrictis striatella ​84 Isotrias rectifasciana ​122 Isturgia limbaria ​240 Jodia croceago ​310 Jodis lactearia ​258 Jordanita globulariae ​170 Jumping Bean Moth ​162 Juniper Webber ​82 Kentish Glory ​202 Kitten, Alder ​260 Poplar ​260 Sallow ​260 Knot Grass ​286 Light ​286 Korscheltellus fusconebulosa ​ 20 lupulina ​20 Lacanobia contigua ​322

oleracea ​322 splendens ​ 322 suasa ​ 322 thalassina ​322 w-latinum ​320 Lace Border ​210 Lackey ​200 Ground ​200 Lacosoma chiridota ​196 Laelia coenosa ​268 Lampronia capitella ​34 corticella ​ 34 fuscatella ​34 luzella ​ 34 morosa ​34 Lampropteryx otregiata ​224 suffumata ​224 Laothoe populi ​204 Lappet ​202 Pine Tree ​202 Small ​202 Larentia clavaria ​218 Large Tabby ​180 Lasiocampa quercus ​200 trifolii ​200 Lasiocampidae ​200–2 Laspeyria flexula ​276 Lateroligia ophiogramma ​ 306 Lathronympha strigana ​162 Latin ​292 Latreille’s ​292 Leaf Miner, Apple ​64 Firethorn ​50 Horse Chestnut ​54 Laburnum ​64 Rose ​22 Least Owlet ​114 Leek Moth ​62 Lenisa geminipuncta ​300 Leopard Moth ​166 Leopard, Reed ​166 Leucania comma ​326 loreyi ​328 obsoleta ​326 putrescens ​ 326 Leucinodes orbonalis ​186 Leucochlaena oditis ​306 Leucodonta bicoloria ​262 Leucoma salicis ​266 Leucoptera laburnella ​64 lathyrifoliella ​66 malifoliella ​66 spartifoliella ​64 Levipalpus hepatariella ​72 Ligdia adustata ​238 Light Brown Apple Moth ​ 128 Limacodidae ​170 Limnaecia phragmitella ​78 Liquorice Piercer ​162 Lithophane furcifera furcifera ​ 310 lamda ​310 leautieri hesperica ​310 ornitopus lactipennis ​310 semibrunnea ​ 310 socia ​310 Lithosia quadra ​272 Lithostege griseata ​236 Litoligia literosa ​306 Lobesia abscisana ​144 botrana ​144 littoralis ​144 occidentis ​144 reliquana ​144 Lobophora halterata ​236

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INDEX  349 Lobster Moth ​ 260 Lomaspilis marginata ​238 Lomographa bimaculata ​254 temerata ​254 Longalatedes elymi ​300 Loxostege sticticalis ​180 Lozotaenia forsterana ​126 Lozotaeniodes formosana ​ 128 Luffia ferchaultella ​36 lapidella ​36 Lunar Double-stripe ​280 Luperina dumerilii ​300 nickerlii ​ 300 testacea ​300 Luquetia lobella ​72 Lutestring, Common ​198 Oak ​198 Poplar ​198 Satin ​198 Lychnis ​324 Striped ​288 Lycia hirtaria ​246 lapponaria scotica ​246 zonaria ​246 Lycophotia porphyrea ​332 Lygephila craccae ​276 pastinum ​276 Lymantria dispar ​266 monacha ​266 Lyme Grass ​300 Lyonetia clerkella ​64 prunifoliella ​64 Lyonetiidae ​64–6 Lypusidae ​70–2 Macaria alternata ​240 brunneata ​240 carbonaria ​ 240 liturata ​240 notata ​240 signaria ​240 wauaria ​240 Macdunnoughia confusa ​ 280 Macrochilo cribrumalis ​274 Macroglossum stellatarum ​ 206 Macrothylacia rubi ​202 Magpie Moth ​238 Magpie, Clouded ​238 Small ​184 Maiden’s Blush ​212 Malacosoma castrensis ​200 neustria ​200 Mallow ​218 Mamestra brassicae ​322 Many-lined ​216 Marasmarcha lunaedactyla ​ 116 Marbled Beauty ​292 Marbled Brown ​260 Dusky ​262 Lunar ​260 Marbled Green ​292 Marbled Grey ​292 Marbled White Spot ​284 Marbled, Beautiful ​276 Pretty ​284 Purple ​276 Rosy ​294 Shining ​292 Small ​276 March Moth ​246 Marsh Mallow Moth ​298 Marsh Moth ​296 Marsh Oblique-barred ​274

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 349

Martania taeniata ​228 Meal Moth ​180 Indian ​178 Mecyna asinalis ​186 flavalis ​186 Mediterranean Flour Moth ​ 180 Megalographa biloba ​282 Meganola albula ​338 strigula ​338 Melanchra persicariae ​322 Melanthia procellata ​226 Menophra abruptaria ​248 japygiara ​250 Merrifieldia baliodactylus ​ 118 leucodactyla ​118 tridactyla ​118 Merveille du Jour ​314 Scarce ​286 Mesapamea didyma ​306 secalis ​306 Mesogona acetosellae ​308 Mesoleuca albicillata ​218 Mesoligia furuncula ​306 Mesotype didymata ​228 Metalampra cinnamomea ​ 68 italica ​68 Metzneria aestivella ​84 aprilella ​84 lappella ​ 84 metzneriella ​84 Micropterigidae ​18 Micropterix aruncella ​18 aureatella ​18 calthella ​18 mansuetella ​18 tunbergella ​ 18 Miller ​286 Miltochrista miniata ​272 Mimallonidae ​196 Mimas tiliae ​204 Minoa murinata ​226 Minor, Cloaked ​306 Haworth’s ​298 Least ​302 Marbled ​306 Middle-barred ​306 Rosy ​306 Rufous ​306 Tawny Marbled ​ 306 Minucia lunaris ​280 Mirificarma lentiginosella ​ 88 mulinella ​88 Mistletoe Marble ​142 Mniotype adusta ​316 satura ​ 316 Mocha ​212 Birch ​212 Blair’s ​212 Dingy ​212 False ​212 Jersey ​212 Moitrelia obductella ​172 Moma alpium ​286 Mompha bradleyi ​110 conturbatella ​110 divisella ​110 epilobiella ​110 jurassicella ​110 lacteella ​110 langiella ​ 110 locupletella ​112 miscella ​112 ochraceella ​110

propinquella ​110 raschkiella ​112 sturnipennella ​110 subbistrigella ​110 terminella ​ 112 Momphidae ​110–12 Monochroa conspersella ​86 cytisella ​86 hornigi ​86 lucidella ​86 lutulentella ​86 moyses ​86 niphognatha ​86 palustrellus ​86 tenebrella ​ 86 Monopis crocicapitella ​40 imella ​42 laevigella ​40 monachella ​42 obviella ​40 weaverella ​ 40 Mormo maura ​296 Morophaga choragella ​38 Mother of Pearl ​186 Mother Shipton ​280 Mottled Grey ​222 Mouse Moth ​290 Mullein ​288 Mung Moth ​186 Muruca vitrata ​186 Muslin Moth ​270 Muslin, Round-winged ​272 Musotima nitidalis ​194 Myelois circumvoluta ​178 Mythimna albipuncta ​326 conigera ​326 favicolor ​326 ferrago ​ 326 impura ​326 l-album ​ 326 litoralis ​ 326 pallens ​326 pudorina ​ 326 straminea ​326 turca ​324 unipuncta ​326 vitellina ​326 Naenia typica ​338 Narycia duplicella ​36 Nascia cilialis ​182 Nemapogon clematella ​40 cloacella ​40 falstriella ​ 40 granella ​ 40 ruricolella ​40 variatella ​40 wolffiella ​40 Nematopogon metaxella ​32 pilella ​32 schwarziellus ​32 swammerdamella ​ 32 Nemaxera betulinella ​38 Nemophora cupriacella ​32 degeerella ​32 fasciella ​ 32 metallica ​32 minimella ​32 Neofaculta ericetella ​80 Neofriseria peliella ​86 Neosphaleroptera nubilana ​ 128 Nephopterix angustella ​176 Nepticulidae ​20–30 Netted Mountain Moth ​240 Nettle-tap ​ 120 Ni Moth ​ 280

Niditinea fuscella ​40 Nine-spotted ​274 Noctua comes ​334 fimbriata ​334 interjecta caliginosa ​334 janthe ​334 janthina ​ 334 orbona ​334 pronuba ​ 334 Noctuidae ​280–338 Nola aerugula ​338 chlamitulalis ​340 confusalis ​338 cucullatella ​338 Nolidae ​338–40 Nomophila noctuella ​186 Nonagria typhae ​300 Nonconformist ​ 310 Nothris congressariella ​80 verbascella ​80 Notocelia cynosbatella ​156 incarnatana ​156 roborana ​156 rosaecolana ​156 tetragonana ​156 trimaculana ​158 uddmanniana ​156 Notodonta dromedarius ​260 torva ​260 tritophus ​262 ziczac ​ 260 Notodontidae ​ 260–4 November Moth ​224 Pale ​224 Nudaria mundana ​272 Nutmeg ​320 Large ​304 Nyctegretis lineana ​178 Nycteola revayana ​340 Nycteoline, Oak ​340 Nyctobrya muralis ​292 Nymphula nitidulata ​194 Oak, Dusky Scalloped ​244 Scalloped ​244 Oblique Striped ​214 Ochropacha duplaris ​198 Ochropleura leucogaster ​ 332 plecta ​332 Ochsenheimeria taurella ​58 urella ​60 vacculella ​60 Ocnerostoma friesei ​56 piniariella ​56 Odezia atrata ​228 Odontopera bidentata ​244 Odontosia carmelita ​262 Oecophora bractella ​70 Oecophoridae ​68–70 Oegoconia caradjai ​66 deauratella ​66 quadripuncta ​66 Oidaematophorus lithodactyla ​118 Oinophila v-flava ​42 Old Lady ​ 296 Olethreutes arcuella ​144 Oligia fasciuncula ​306 latruncula ​306 strigilis ​306 versicolor ​306 Olindia schumacherana ​122 Olive ​312 Olive Crescent ​276 Omphaloscelis lunosa ​310 Oncocera semirubella ​174

Operophtera brumata ​224 fagata ​224 Opisthograptis luteolata ​242 Opogona omoscopa ​42 Opostega salaciella ​30 Opostegidae ​30 Orache Moth ​296 Orange Moth ​ 242 Orgyia antiqua ​268 recens ​268 Oria musculosa ​302 Ortholepis betulae ​172 Orthonama obstipata ​214 vittata ​214 Orthosia cerasi ​318 cruda ​318 gothica ​318 gracilis ​ 318 incerta ​316 miniosa ​316 opima ​318 populeti ​318 Orthotaenia undulana ​142 Orthotelia sparganella ​60 Ostrinia nubilalis ​184 Ourapteryx sambucaria ​244 Oxyptilus parvidactyla ​116 Pachetra sagittigera britannica ​ 320 Pachycnemia hippocastanaria ​242 Pachyrhabda steropodes ​ 112 Pachythelia villosella ​38 Pale Shining Brown ​320 Pale Shoulder ​284 Pale Stigma ​ 308 Palpita vitrealis ​186 Pammene albuginana ​164 argyrana ​164 aurana ​164 aurita ​164 fasciana ​ 164 gallicana ​166 germmana ​164 giganteana ​164 ignorata ​ 164 obscurana ​164 ochsenheimeriana ​ 164 populana ​ 164 regiana ​164 rhediella ​164 spiniana ​ 164 splendidulana ​164 trauniana ​164 Pancalia leuwenhoekella ​78 schwarzella ​78 Pandemis cerasana ​124 cinnamomeana ​124 corylana ​ 124 dumetana ​ 124 heparana ​124 Panemeria tenebrata ​288 Panolis flammea ​316 Papestra biren ​322 Parachronistis albiceps ​94 Paracolax tristalis ​274 Paracorsia repandalis ​180 Paracrania chrysolepidella ​ 18 Paradarisa consonaria ​252 Paralipsa gularis ​172 Parametriotidae ​108–10 Paranthrene tabaniformis ​ 168 Parapoynx stratiotata ​194

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350  350 

INDEX

Parascotia fuliginaria ​276 Parasemia plantaginis ​270 Parastichtis suspecta ​314 Paraswammerdamia albicapitella ​56 nebulella ​56 Parectopa ononidis ​44 Parectropis similaria ​252 Pareulype berberata ​226 Parornix alpicola ​48 anglicella ​46 betulae ​46 devoniella ​46 finitimella ​48 scoticella ​46 torquillella ​48 Parsnip Moth ​76 Pasiphila chloerata ​228 debiliata ​ 230 rectangulata ​ 230 Passenger ​280 Paysandisia archon ​166 Pea Moth ​160 Peach Blossom ​198 Peacock Moth ​240 Peacock, Dusky ​240 Sharp-angled ​240 Tamarisk ​240 Pearl, Beautiful ​186 Madder ​186 Rusty-dot ​184 Pechipogo plumigeralis ​274 strigilata ​274 Pediasia aridella ​194 contaminella ​194 fascelinella ​ 194 Pelochrista caecimaculana ​ 154 Pelosia muscerda ​272 obtusa ​272 Pelurga comitata ​218 Pempelia genistella ​174 palumbella ​174 Pempeliella ornatella ​174 Pennisetia hylaeiformis ​166 Pennithera firmata ​218 Peppered Moth ​ 248 Perconia strigillaria ​256 Peribatodes ilicaria ​250 rhomboidaria ​250 secundaria ​250 umbraria ​250 Periclepsis cinctana ​122 Peridea anceps ​262 Peridroma saucia ​328 Perittia obscurepunctella 104 Perizoma affinitata ​228 albulata ​228 alchemillata ​228 bifaciata ​ 228 blandiata ​228 flavofasciata ​228 minorata ​228 Petrophora chlorosata ​240 Pexicopia malvella ​82 Phalera bucephala ​262 Phalonidia affinitana ​136 manniana ​ 136 udana ​136 Phaulernis dentella ​120 fulviguttella ​120 Pheosia gnoma ​262 tremula ​ 262 Phiaris micana ​144 palustrana ​144 schulziana ​144 Phibalapteryx virgata ​214

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 350

Phigalia pilosaria ​246 Philedone gerningana ​122 Philedonides lunana ​122 Philereme transversata britannica ​ 226 vetulata ​226 Phlogophora meticulosa ​296 Phoenix ​220 Small ​ 222 Photedes captiuncula expolita ​302 extrema ​302 fluxa ​302 minima ​ 302 morrisii ​302 Phragmataecia castaneae ​ 166 Phragmatobia fuliginosa ​270 Phtheochroa inopiana ​136 rugosana ​136 sodaliana ​136 Phycita roborella ​176 Phycitodes binaevella ​178 maritima ​ 178 saxicola ​178 Phyllocnistis citrella ​54 saligna ​ 54 unipunctella ​ 54 xenia ​54 Phyllodesma ilicifolia ​202 Phyllonorycter acerifoliella ​54 anderidae ​52 blancardella ​ 48 cerasicolella ​50 comparella ​54 coryli ​50 corylifoliella ​ 50 dubitella ​50 emberizaepenella ​52 esperella ​50 froelichiella ​52 geniculella ​54 harrisella ​48 heegeriella ​ 48 hilarella ​50 hostis ​48 joannisi ​ 54 junoniella ​48 klemannella ​52 lantanella ​50 lautella ​52 leucographella ​50 maestingella ​50 messaniella ​48 muelleriella ​48 nicellii ​52 oxyacanthae ​48 platani ​48 quercifoliella ​48 quinqueguttella ​ 52 rajella ​52 roboris ​48 sagitella ​54 salicicolella ​50 schreberella ​ 52 scopariella ​50 sorbi ​48 spinicolella ​50 stettinensis ​ 52 strigulatella ​52 trifasciella ​54 tristrigella ​52 ulicicolella ​50 ulmifoliella ​ 52 viminiella ​50 Phylloporia bistrigella ​34 Phymatopus hecta ​20

Phytometra viridaria ​276 Pima boisduvaliella ​174 Pine Leaf-mining Moth ​158 Pine Resin-gall Moth ​158 Pine Shoot Moth ​158 Pinion, Brown-spot ​308 Lesser-spotted ​312 Lunar-spotted ​312 Pale ​310 Pretty ​228 Tawny ​310 White-spotted ​312 Piniphila bifasciana ​144 Plagodis dolabraria ​240 pulveraria ​240 Platyedra subcinerea ​82 Platyptilia calodactyla ​114 gonodactyla ​114 isodactylus ​116 Platytes alpinella ​194 cerussella ​194 Plemyria rubiginata rubiginata ​220 Pleuroptya ruralis ​186 Pleurota aristella ​70 bicostella ​ 70 Plodia interpunctella ​178 Plume Moth, White ​118 Plume, Beautiful ​116 Breckland ​116 Brindled ​116 Brown ​ 116 Citron ​118 Cliff ​114 Common ​120 Crescent ​116 Dingy White ​118 Dowdy ​116 Dusky ​118 Gentian ​116 Goldenrod ​114 Gregson’s ​116 Hemp Agrimony ​118 Hoary ​116 Horehound ​118 Mugwort ​118 Plain ​118 Reedbed ​120 Rose ​116 Saltmarsh ​114 Saxifrage ​116 Scarce Goldenrod ​118 Scarce Light ​116 Short-winged ​118 Small Goldenrod ​118 Small Scabious ​116 Spotted White ​118 Tamarisk ​114 Tansy ​116 Thyme ​118 Triangle ​114 Twin-spot ​116 Western Thyme ​118 Wood Sage ​118 Yarrow ​116 Plusia, Dewick’s ​280 Golden ​282 Plusia festucae ​284 putnami gracilis ​284 Plutella haasi ​60 porrectella ​ 60 xylostella ​60 Plutellidae ​60 Poecilocampa populi ​200 Polia bombycina ​320 hepatica ​320 nebulosa ​320

Polychrysia moneta ​282 Polymixis flavicincta ​316 lichenea ​316 xanthomista statices ​316 Polyphaenis sericata ​296 Polyploca ridens ​198 Poplar Grey ​288 Porrittia galactodactyla ​118 Portland Moth ​328 Povolnya leucapennella ​46 Praydidae ​66 Prays fraxinella ​66 oleae ​ 66 ruficeps ​66 Processionary, Oak ​260 Pine ​260 Prochoreutis myllerana ​120 sehestediana ​120 Prodoxidae ​ 34 Prolita sexpunctella ​86 Prominent, Coxcomb ​262 Great ​262 Iron ​260 Large Dark ​260 Lesser Swallow ​262 Maple ​262 Pale ​262 Pebble ​260 Plumed ​262 Scarce ​262 Swallow ​262 Tawny ​260 Three-humped ​262 White ​262 Proserpinus proserpina ​206 Protarchanara brevilinea ​ 302 Protolampra sobrina ​338 Protoschinia scutosa ​290 Proutia betulina ​36 Pryopteron muscaeformis ​ 168 Psammotis pulveralis ​184 Pselnophorus heterodactyla ​ 118 Pseudargyrotoza conwagana ​ 136 Pseudatemelia flavifrontella ​ 70 josephinae ​72 subochreella ​70 Pseudeustrotia candidula ​ 292 Pseudococcyx posticana ​ 158 turionella ​158 Pseudoips prasinana britannica ​340 Pseudopanthera macularia ​ 242 Pseudopostega crepusculella ​ 30 Pseudosciaphila branderiana ​ 140 Pseudoswammerdamia combinella ​56 Pseudotelphusa paripunctella ​ 92 scalella ​92 Pseudoterpna coronillaria ​ 258 pruinata ​ 258 Psoricoptera gibbosella ​88 Psyche casta ​38 Psychidae ​36–8 Psychoides filicivora ​42 verhuella ​42

Pterapherapteryx sexalata ​ 238 Pterophoridae ​114–20 Pterophorus pentadactyla ​118 Pterostoma palpina ​262 Ptilodon capucina ​262 cucullina ​262 Ptilophora plumigera ​262 Ptocheuusa paupella ​84 Ptycholoma lecheana ​124 Ptycholomoides aeriferana ​ 124 Pug, Angle-barred ​232 Bilberry ​230 Bleached ​234 Bordered ​236 Brindled ​230 Campanula ​234 Channel Islands ​230 Cloaked ​230 Common ​234 Currant ​234 Cypress ​232 Dentated ​226 Double-striped ​228 Dwarf ​232 Fletcher’s ​232 Foxglove ​230 Freyer’s ​234 Golden-rod ​232 Green ​230 Grey ​236 Haworth’s ​230 Juniper ​232 Larch ​232 Lead-coloured ​230 Lime-speck ​234 Maple ​230 Marbled ​232 Marsh ​230 Mottled ​234 Narrow-winged ​232 Netted ​230 Oak-tree ​230 Ochreous ​232 Pauper ​232 Pimpinel ​232 Pinion-spotted ​234 Plain ​232 Satyr ​234 Scarce ​234 Shaded ​236 Slender ​230 Sloe ​228 Tawny-speckled ​236 Thyme ​232 Toadflax ​230 Triple-spotted ​234 V ​228 Valerian ​234 White-spotted ​232 Wormwood ​234 Yarrow ​234 Purple Bar ​220 Purple-bordered Gold ​208 Puss Moth ​260 Pyla fusca ​172 Pyralidae ​ 172–80 Pyralis farinalis ​180 lienigialis ​180 Pyrausta aurata ​182 cingulata ​ 182 despicata ​182 nigrata ​182 ostrinalis ​ 182 purpuralis ​182 sanguinalis ​182

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INDEX  351 Pyroderces argyrogrammos ​ 78 Pyropteron chrysidiformis ​168 Pyrrhia umbra ​290 Quaker, Common ​318 Powdered ​318 Red-line ​308 Small ​318 Twin-spotted ​318 Yellow-line ​308 Ranunculus, Feathered ​316 Large ​316 Small ​324 Raspberry Moth ​34 Recurvaria leucatella ​92 nanella ​92 Rest Harrow ​258 Retinia resinella ​158 Rheumaptera hastata ​226 Rhigognostis annulatella ​60 incarnatella ​60 Rhizedra lutosa ​300 Rhodometra sacraria ​214 Rhodophaea formosa ​174 Rhopobota myrtillana ​148 naevana ​148 Rhyacia lucipeta ​334 simulans ​332 Rhyacionia buoliana ​158 logaea ​158 pinicolana ​158 pinivorana ​158 Ringed Border ​238 Rivula sericealis ​264 Rivulet ​228 Barred ​228 Blomer’s ​226 Grass ​228 Heath ​228 Small ​228 Roeslerstammia erxlebella ​ 42 Roeslerstammiidae ​42 Rosy Marsh Moth ​338 Royal Mantle ​216 Rufous, Slender-striped ​226 Small ​302 Rusina ferruginea ​296 Rustic ​294 Ashworth’s ​336 Autumnal ​338 Black ​316 Brown ​296 Clancy’s ​294 Common ​306 Dotted ​332 Dumeril’s ​300 Flounced ​300 Heath ​336 Hedge ​318 Lesser Common ​306 Light Feathered ​330 Lorimer’s ​294 Mottled ​294 Neglected ​336 Northern ​334 Oak ​314 Porter’s ​296 Powdered ​294 Rosy ​298 Sandhill ​300 Six-striped ​336 Southern ​334 Square-spot ​336 Vine’s ​294

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 351

Sabra harpagula ​196 Salebriopsis albicilla ​172 Sallow ​308 Angle-striped ​312 Barred ​308 Bordered ​290 Centre-barred ​312 Dusky ​298 Dusky-lemon ​308 Orange ​306 Pale-lemon ​308 Pink-barred ​308 Satellite ​312 Saturnia pavonia ​202 Saturniidae ​202 Saxon ​296 Scalloped Hazel ​244 Scalloped Sack-bearer ​ 196 Scarce Aspen Midget Moth ​ 54 Scarce Brown Streak ​70 Scarce Crimson and Gold ​ 182 Schiffermuelleria grandis ​68 schaefferella ​68 Schoenobius gigantella ​196 Schrankia costaestrigalis ​ 276 taenialis ​276 Schreckensteinia festaliella ​ 120 Schreckensteiniidae ​120 Sciota adelphella ​174 rhenella ​174 Sclerocona acutellus ​184 Scoliopteryx libatrix ​264 Scoparia ambigualis ​188 ancipitella ​188 basistrigalis ​188 pyralella ​188 subfusca ​188 Scopula emutaria ​212 floslactata ​212 imitaria ​212 immorata ​210 immutata ​212 marginepunctata ​ 212 nigropunctata ​210 ornata ​ 210 rubiginata ​210 ternata ​212 Scorched Wing ​ 240 Scotopteryx bipunctaria cretata ​214 chenopodiata ​214 luridata plumbaria ​214 mucronata ​214 peribolata ​214 Scrobipalpa acuminatella ​88 artemisiella ​ 90 clintoni ​90 costella ​90 instabilella ​88 nitentella ​88 obsoletella ​90 ocellatella ​90 salicorniae ​88 samadensis ​ 90 suaedella ​ 88 Scrobipalpula tussilaginis ​ 90 Scythrididae ​ 112–14 Scythris crassiuscula ​114 empetrella ​ 114 fallacella ​112 grandipennis ​112 inspersella ​114

limbella ​114 picaepennis ​114 siccella ​ 114 Scythropia crataegella ​66 Scythropiidae ​66 Sedina buettneri ​300 Selania leplastriana ​162 Selenia dentaria ​244 lunularia ​ 244 tetralunaria ​244 Selidosema brunnearia ​250 Semioscopis avellanella ​72 steinkellneriana ​72 Senta flammea ​328 Seraphim ​236 Small ​238 Sesamia nonagrioides ​306 Sesia apiformis ​166 bembeciformis ​168 Sesiidae ​166–8 Setina irrorella ​274 Shaded Broad-bar ​214 Shark ​288 Chamomile ​288 Shears ​322 Dingy ​314 Glaucous ​322 Tawny ​324 Shell, Dingy ​224 Scallop ​226 Yellow ​216 Shoot Moth, Bramble ​156 Elgin ​158 Spotted ​158 Short-cloaked Moth ​338 Shoulder Stripe ​218 Shoulder-knot, Blair’s ​310 Grey ​310 Minor ​314 Rustic ​304 Sideridis reticulata marginosa ​324 rivularis ​324 turbida ​ 322 Silurian ​328 Silver Barred ​284 Silver Hook ​284 Silver-lines, Green ​340 Scarce ​340 Simyra albovenosa ​286 Siona lineata ​256 Sitochroa palealis ​182 verticalis ​ 182 Sitotroga cerealella ​82 Skin Moth ​40 Small Purple-barred ​276 Small Scallop ​210 Smerinthus ocellata ​204 Snout ​264 Beautiful ​266 Bloxworth ​266 Buttoned ​264 Paignton ​266 Pinion-streaked ​276 White-line ​276 Sophronia semicostella ​86 Sorcerer ​284 Sorhagenia janiszewskae ​78 lophyrella ​78 rhamniella ​78 Spaelotis ravida ​334 Spargania luctuata ​218 Sparganothis pilleriana ​122 Spatalistis bifasciana ​130 Speckled Yellow ​242 Spectacle ​280 Dark ​280

Sphingidae ​204–8 Sphinx ligustri ​206 pinastri ​206 Spilonota laricana ​148 ocellana ​148 Spilosoma lubricipeda ​268 lutea ​268 urticae ​270 Spinach ​222 Dark ​218 Northern ​220 Spiris striata ​272 Spodoptera cilium ​292 exigua ​ 292 littoralis ​294 Spoladea recurvalis ​186 Spotted Sulphur ​284 Sprawler ​290 Rannoch ​290 Spring Usher ​248 Spruce Seed Moth ​160 Spuleria flavicaput ​110 Square Spot ​252 Double ​336 Fen ​332 Small ​332 Standfussiana lucernea ​334 Star-wort ​ 288 Stathmopoda pedella ​112 Stathmopodidae ​ 112 Stauropus fagi ​260 Stegania cararia ​238 trimaculata ​ 238 Stenolechia gemmella ​94 Stenoptilia annadactyla ​116 bipunctidactyla ​116 millieridactyla ​ 116 pneumonanthes ​116 pterodactyla ​116 scabiodactylus ​ 116 zophodactylus ​116 Stephensia brunnichella ​104 Sterrhopteryx fusca ​38 Stictea mygindiana ​144 Stigmella aceris ​22 alnetella ​22 anomalella ​22 aurella ​24 auromarginella ​24 basiguttella ​26 betulicola ​22 catharticella ​22 centifoliella ​22 confusella ​20 continuella ​24 crataegella ​22 dryadella ​ 26 floslactella ​ 24 glutinosae ​22 hemargyrella ​26 hybnerella ​24 incognitella ​26 lapponica ​20 lemniscella ​ 24 luteella ​22 malella ​22 mespilicola ​ 24 microtheriella ​22 myrtillella ​24 nylandriella ​22 obliquella ​24 oxyacanthella ​22 paradoxa ​ 22 perpygmaeella ​ 26 plagicolella ​24 poterii ​ 26 pyri ​22

regiella ​22 roborella ​26 ruficapitella ​26 sakhalinella ​ 22 salicis ​24 samiatella ​ 26 sorbi ​24 speciosa ​26 splendidissimella ​24 suberivora ​ 26 svenssoni ​26 tiliae ​22 tityrella ​24 trimaculella ​24 ulmivora ​22 viscerella ​22 Stilbia anomala ​290 Stored Nut Moth ​172 Straw Dot ​264 Straw, Bordered ​292 Eastern Bordered ​292 Scarce Bordered ​292 Streak ​236 Streamer ​218 Strophedra nitidana ​166 weirana ​166 Subacronicta megacephala ​ 288 Surreptitious ​166 Suspected ​314 Swallow-tailed Moth ​244 Swammerdamia caesiella ​ 56 pyrella ​56 Sweet Gale Moth ​286 Swift, Common ​20 Gold ​20 Map-winged ​20 Orange ​20 Sword-grass ​312 Dark ​330 Red ​312 Sycamore ​286 Synanthedon andrenaeformis ​ 168 culiciformis ​168 flaviventris ​168 formicaeformis ​168 myopaeformis ​168 scoliaeformis ​168 spheciformis ​ 168 tipuliformis ​168 vespiformis ​168 Synaphe punctalis ​180 Syncopacma cinctella ​80 larseniella ​80 polychromella ​ 80 sangiella ​80 taeniolella ​80 Syndemis musculana ​126 Syngrapha interrogationis ​ 282 Synthymia fixa ​288 Syntomis phegea ​274 Tachystola acroxantha ​70 Taleporia tubulosa ​36 Tapestry Moth ​40 Tathorhynchus exsiccata ​276 Tawny-barred Angle ​240 Tebenna micalis ​120 Telechines vialis ​172 Telechrysis tripuncta ​76 Teleiodes flavimaculella ​92 luculella ​ 92 sequax ​92 vulgella ​92

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352  352 

INDEX

Teleiopsis diffinis ​92 Tethea ocularis octogesimea ​ 198 or ​198 Tetheella fluctuosa ​198 Thalera fimbrialis ​258 Thalpophila matura ​296 Thaumetopoea pityocampa ​ 260 processionea ​260 Thera britannica ​220 cognata ​220 cupressata ​220 juniperata ​220 obeliscata ​220 Theria primaria ​254 Thiodia citrana ​148 Thiotricha subocellea ​82 Thisanotia chrysonuchella ​ 194 Tholera cespitis ​318 decimalis ​320 Thorn, August ​242 Canary-shouldered ​242 Dusky ​242 Early ​244 Feathered ​246 Large ​242 Little ​240 Lunar ​244 Purple ​244 September ​244 Thumatha senex ​272 Thyatira batis ​198 Thyme Moth ​90 Thyrididae ​172 Thysanoplusia orichalcea ​ 280 Tiger, Cream-spot ​270 Garden ​270 Jersey ​270 Patton’s ​270 Ruby ​270 Scarlet ​270 Wood ​270 Tiliacea aurago ​308 citrago ​306 Timandra comae ​212 Tinagma ocnerostomella ​66 Tinea columbariella ​40 pellionella ​40 semifulvella ​40 trinotella ​40 Tineidae ​38–42 Tineola bisselliella ​40 Tischeria dodonaea ​36 ekebladella ​ 36 Tischeriidae ​36 Tissue ​226 Scarce ​226 Tooth-striped, Barred ​238 Early ​238 Tortricidae ​122–66 Tortricodes alternella ​128 Tortrix, African Carnation ​ 126 Barred Fruit-tree ​124 Bilberry ​126 Carnation ​126 Cereal ​130

Moths 2014 pp342-352.indd 352



Chequered Fruit-tree ​124 Cyclamen ​126 Dark Fruit-tree ​124 Flax ​128 Fruitlet Mining ​164 Green Oak ​130 Grey ​128 Holly ​148 Larch ​152 Large Fruit-tree ​124 Light Grey ​128 Marbled Orchard ​142 Plum ​142 Red-barred ​122 Rose ​124 Strawberry ​130 Summer Fruit ​128 Timothy ​126 Variegated Golden ​124 Willow ​ 150 Tortrix viridana ​130 Trachea atriplicis ​296 Treble Brown Spot ​210 Treble Lines ​294 Treble-bar ​236 Lesser ​236 Manchester ​236 Purple ​236 Tree-lichen Beauty ​292 Triangle ​170 Triaxomera fulvimitrella ​38 parasitella ​ 38 Trichiura crataegi ​200 Trichophaga tapetzella ​40 Trichoplusia ni ​280 Trichopteryx carpinata ​238 polycommata ​238 Trifurcula cryptella ​26 immundella ​ 26 squamatella ​ 26 Trigonophora flammea ​314 Triodia sylvina ​20 Triphosa dubitata ​226 Triple-lines, Clay ​ 214 Trisateles emortualis ​276 True Lover’s Knot ​332 Turnip Moth ​330 Tussock, Dark ​268 Nut-tree ​284 Pale ​268 Reed ​268 Tuta absoluta ​90 Twenty-plume Moth ​114 Tyria jacobaeae ​270 Tyta luctuosa ​284

Udea decrepitalis ​186 ferrugalis ​184 fulvalis ​ 184 lutealis ​184 olivalis ​186 prunalis ​184 uliginosalis ​184 Umber, Barred ​240 Brassy Waved ​250 Dark ​226 Mottled ​248 Scarce ​248 Small Waved ​226 Waved ​248

Uncertain ​294 Underwing, Beautiful Yellow ​ 320 Blossom ​316 Broad-bordered White ​ 320 Broad-bordered Yellow ​ 334 Copper ​290 Dark Crimson ​278 French Red ​278 Guernsey ​296 Langmaid’s Yellow ​334 Large Yellow ​334 Least Yellow ​334 Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow ​334 Lesser Yellow ​334 Light Crimson ​278 Light Orange ​238 Lunar ​310 Lunar Yellow ​334 Minsmere Crimson ​278 Oak Yellow ​278 Orange ​238 Pearly ​328 Red ​278 Rosy ​278 Small Dark Yellow ​320 Small Yellow ​288 Straw ​296 Svensson’s Copper ​290 Upperwing, Orange ​ 310 Uresiphita gilvata ​182 Utetheisa pulchella ​272 V-Moth ​240 Vapourer ​268 Scarce ​268 Veneer, Garden Grass ​190 Pearl-band Grass ​192 Rush ​186 Water 194 Venusia blomeri ​226 cambrica ​ 226 Vestal ​214 Vine Moth ​138 European ​144 Viper’s Bugloss ​324 Vitula biviella ​178 Wainscot, Blair’s ​300 Brighton ​302 Brown-veined ​302 Bulrush ​300 Common ​326 Devonshire ​326 Fen ​300 Fenn’s ​302 Flame ​328 L-album ​326 Large ​300 Maize ​306 Mathew’s ​326 Mere ​302 Morris’s ​302 Obscure ​326 Rush ​302 Shore ​326 Shoulder-striped ​326



Silky ​294 Small ​302 Smoky ​326 Southern ​326 Striped ​326 Twin-spotted ​300 Webb’s ​302 White-mantled ​302 Watsonalla binaria ​196 cultraria ​196 Wave, Bright ​208 Common ​254 Common White ​254 Cream ​212 Dorset Cream ​238 Dotted-border ​210 Dwarf Cream ​210 Grass ​256 Isle of Wight ​210 Lesser Cream ​212 Lewes ​210 Mullein ​212 Ochraceous ​208 Plain ​210 Portland Ribbon ​210 Riband ​210 Rosy ​212 Satin ​210 Silky ​210 Single-dotted ​210 Small Dusty ​210 Small Fan-footed ​210 Small White ​224 Small Yellow ​224 Smoky ​212 Sub-angled ​210 Tawny ​210 Weaver’s ​210 Welsh ​226 Waved Black ​276 Wax Moth ​172 Lesser ​172 Webworm, Cotoneaster ​86 Old World ​188 Wheeleria spilodactylus ​ 118 White Colon ​322 White Satin ​266 White Spot ​324 White-marked ​332 White-pinion Spotted ​254 White-point ​326 White-speck ​326 White-spotted Sable Moth ​ 184 Whittleia retiella ​38 Willow, Dark Mottled ​292 Pale Mottled ​294 Small Mottled ​292 Winter Moth ​224 Northern ​224 Wormwood ​ 288

Xanthia togata ​308 Xanthorhoe biriviata ​214 decoloraria ​214 designata ​216 ferrugata ​216 fluctuata fluctuata ​214 montanata ​216

quadrifasiata ​216 spadicearia ​216 Xestia agathina ​336 alpicola alpina ​336 ashworthii ​336 baja ​336 c-nigrum ​336 castanea ​336 ditrapezium ​336 rhomboidea ​336 sexstrigata ​336 triangulum ​336 xanthographa ​ 336 Xylena exsoleta ​312 solidaginis ​312 vetusta ​312 Xylocampa areola ​290 Y, Beautiful Golden ​282 Essex ​282 Plain Golden ​282 Scarce Silver ​282 Silver ​282 Yellow Horned ​198 Yellow V Moth ​42 Yellow-tail ​266 Yponomeuta cagnagella ​56 evonymella ​ 54 irrorella ​56 malinellus ​54 padella ​ 54 plumbella ​56 rorrella ​56 sedella ​56 Yponomeutidae ​54–6 Ypsolopha alpella ​58 dentella ​ 58 horridella ​58 lucella ​ 58 mucronella ​58 nemorella ​58 parenthesella ​ 58 scabrella ​58 sequella ​58 sylvella ​58 ustella ​58 vittella ​58 Ypsolophidae ​ 58–60

Zanclognatha lunalis ​274 zelleralis ​274 Zeiraphera griseana ​152 isertana ​ 154 ratzeburgiana ​ 152 Zelleria hepariella ​56 oleastrella ​56 Zeuzera pyrina ​166 Zygaena exulans subochracea ​170 filipendulae stephensi ​ 170 lonicerae latomarginata ​ 170 loti scotica ​170 purpuralis ​170 trifolii decreta ​170 viciae argyllensis ​170 Zygaenidae ​170

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