Bioremediation for Environmental Sustainability: Toxicity, Mechanisms of Contaminants Degradation, Detoxification and Challenges 9780128205242, 0128205245

Table of contents :
Title-page_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environmental-Sustainability
Front-matter
Bioremediation for Environmental Sustainability
Bioremediation for Environmental Sustainability
Copyright_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environmental-Sustainability
Copyright
Dedication_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environmental-Sustainability
Dedication
Contents_2020_Bioremediation-for-Environmental-Sustainability
Contents
List-of-contributors_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environmental-Sustainability
List of contributors
Editor-biographies_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environmental-Sustainability
Editor biographies
Preface_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environmental-Sustainability
Preface
Acknowledgements_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environmental-Sustainability
Acknowledgements
Chapter-1---Bioremediation--principles-and-ap_2021_Bioremediation-for-Enviro
1 Bioremediation: principles and applications in environmental management
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Principles of bioremediation
1.2.1 Microorganisms used in bioremediation
1.3 Types of bioremediation
1.3.1 In situ bioremediation
1.3.1.1 Intrinsic in situ bioremediation
1.3.1.2 Enhanced in situ bioremediation
1.3.1.3 Bioaugmentation
1.3.1.4 Biostimulation
1.3.1.5 Bioventing
1.3.1.6 Bioslurping
1.3.1.7 Biosparging
1.3.2 Ex situ bioremediation
1.3.2.1 Biopiling
1.3.2.2 Landfarming
1.3.2.3 Bioreactors
1.3.2.4 Biofilters
1.3.3 Phytoremediation
1.3.3.1 Phytoextraction
1.3.3.2 Phytodegradation or rhizodegradation
1.3.3.3 Phytostabilization
1.3.3.4 Phytotransformation
1.3.3.5 Rhizofilteration
1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of bioremediation
1.5 Factors affecting bioremediation
1.5.1 Scientific or environmental factors
1.5.2 Nontechnical factors
1.6 Application of bioremediation in environmental management
1.6.1 Bioremediation of organic pollutant
1.6.2 Bioremediation of metal
1.6.3 Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
1.6.4 Bioremediation of rubber waste
1.6.5 Bioremediation of agricultural waste
1.7 Biotechnology and bioremediation
1.7.1 Application of genetically engineered microbes
1.7.2 Application of molecular probe and biosensors
1.7.3 Application of biosurfactant
1.8 Future aspects of the bioremediation technique
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter-2---Phytoremediation-of-heavy-metal-contam_2021_Bioremediation-for-E
2 Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils: recent advances, challenges, and future prospects
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Heavy metal: pollution and toxicity profile
2.3 Phytoremediation strategies for heavy metal-contaminated soils
2.3.1 Phytostabilization
2.3.2 Phytovolatilization
2.3.3 Phytoextraction
2.3.4 Rhizofiltration
2.3.5 Phytodegradation
2.4 Metal hyperaccumulating plants and selection criteria
2.4.1 Selection criteria for hyperaccumulator plant species
2.4.2 Metal hyperaccumulating plants
2.5 Mechanism of heavy metals phytoremediation
2.6 Merits and demerits of phytoremediation
2.6.1 Merits
2.6.2 Demerits
2.7 Advances in phytoremediation technology
2.7.1 Microbe-assisted phytoremediation
2.7.2 Chelate-assisted phytoextraction
2.7.3 Eletrokinetic phytoremediation
2.7.4 Nanophytoremediation
2.7.5 Phytomining
2.8 Challenges and future prospects
2.8.1 Challenges in phytoremediation of heavy metals
2.8.2 Future prospects
2.9 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-3---Advances-in-bioremediation-of-hexavalent-c_2021_Bioremediation-f
Bioremediation of inorganic contaminants
3 Advances in bioremediation of hexavalent chromium: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and microbial alleviation strategies for e...
3.1 Chromium
3.2 Chromium(VI) and its biological effects
3.2.1 Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity
3.3 Heavy metals mitigation strategies
3.3.1 Biosorption mechanism
3.3.1.1 Bioaccumulation mechanism
3.3.1.2 Reduction of heavy metal ions by microbial cells
3.4 Microbial remediation capacity of hexavalent chromium
3.4.1 Bacterial remediation
3.4.1.1 Fungi remediation
3.4.1.2 Algae remediation
3.4.1.3 Consortium
3.5 Future outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-4---Arsenic--environmental-contamination--_2021_Bioremediation-for-E
4 Arsenic: environmental contamination, health hazards, and bioremediation approaches for detoxification
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sources of arsenic
4.2.1 Natural sources
4.2.2 Anthropogenic sources
4.3 Environmental contamination
4.3.1 Status of arsenic contamination
4.4 Arsenic toxicity
4.4.1 Health effects
4.5 Biological approaches for the removal of arsenic
4.5.1 Resistance towards arsenic
4.5.2 Microbial removal of arsenic
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter-5---Potential-application-of-endophytes-in-bior_2021_Bioremediation-
5 Potential application of endophytes in bioremediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants and growth promotion: mechan...
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Phytoremediation
5.3 Endophytes
5.4 Remediation of organic pollutants by endophytes
5.5 Remediation of heavy metal pollutants by endophytes
5.6 Mechanisms of endophytes in remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants
5.6.1 Phytohormones production
5.6.2 Siderophore production
5.6.3 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase
5.7 Molecular approaches for remediation of pollutants by endophytes
5.8 Advantages and disadvantages
5.9 Challenges of endophytes in remediation of soil pollutants
5.10 Conclusion and future prospects
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter-6---Fungi--a-promising-tool-for-bior_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environ
6 Fungi: a promising tool for bioremediation of toxic heavy metals
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Heavy metals: types, sources, and effects
6.2.1 Sources of heavy metals and their toxic effects
6.3 Need for bioremediation
6.4 Metal–fungi interactions
6.4.1 Biosorption
6.4.2 Bioaccumulation
6.4.3 Biomineralization
6.4.4 Biotransformation
6.5 Use of dead fungal biomass
6.6 Fungal bioremediation: the future
6.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter-7---Phytoremediation-of-mercury-in-soils_2021_Bioremediation-for-Env
7 Phytoremediation of mercury in soils impacted by gold mining: a case-study of Colombia
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Colombia
7.3 Phytoremediation of mercury-contaminated soils
7.3.1 Phytoextraction studies in Colombia
7.3.2 Case-study: assessment of a phytoremediation process of mercury-contaminated soils by artisanal and small-scale gold ...
7.3.2.1 Plant development
7.3.2.2 Chemical processes involved in phytoremediation practice
7.3.2.3 Phytoremediation efficiency
References
Chapter-8---Enzymatic-degradation-of-lignocellulo_2021_Bioremediation-for-En
8 Enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic waste: bioremediation and industrial implementation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Lignocellulosic waste
8.2.1 Lignin
8.2.2 Cellulose
8.2.3 Hemicellulose
8.3 Lignocellulolytic enzymes
8.3.1 Lignin-modifying enzymes
8.3.1.1 Lignin peroxidase
8.3.1.2 Manganese peroxidase
8.3.1.3 Laccase
8.3.1.4 Cellulase
8.3.1.5 Endocellulase
8.3.1.6 Exocellulase
8.3.1.7 Cellobiase
8.3.2 Hemicellulase
8.3.2.1 Xylanase
8.3.3 Arabinanase
8.3.3.1 Galactanase
8.3.3.2 Mannanase
8.4 Recent advancement in the biodegradation of lignocellulosic wastes
8.5 Rot fungi in biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste
8.6 Industrial application
8.6.1 Enzyme production
8.6.2 Animal feed
8.6.3 Antioxidant production
8.6.4 Biofuel production
8.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter-9---Environmental-hazards-and-biodegrada_2021_Bioremediation-for-Env
9 Environmental hazards and biodegradation of plastic waste: challenges and future prospects
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Classification of plastics
9.2.1 Nonbiodegradable plastics
9.2.2 Biodegradable plastics
9.2.2.1 Biobased biodegradable plastics
9.2.2.1.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates
9.2.2.1.2 Polylactic acid
9.2.2.2 Fossil-based biodegradable plastic
9.2.2.2.1 Polyethylene succinate
9.2.2.2.2 Polycaprolactone
9.2.2.2.3 Polyvinyl alcohol
9.3 Environmental pollution and health hazards from plastic waste
9.4 Methods for plastic degradation
9.4.1 Photooxidative degradation
9.4.2 Thermal degradation
9.4.3 Catalytic degradation
9.4.4 Biodegradation
9.4.4.1 Biodegradation mechanisms
9.4.4.1.1 Solubilization
9.4.4.1.2 Ionization
9.4.4.1.3 Hydrolysis
9.4.4.1.4 Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis
9.4.4.1.5 Microbial degradations
9.4.4.2 Methods for biodegradation
9.4.4.2.1 Soil burial method
9.4.4.2.2 Compost method
9.4.4.2.3 Pure culture method
9.4.4.2.4 Aerobic degradation in the presence of sewage sludge
9.5 Future prospects
9.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter-10---Biosurfactant-enhanced-bioremediation-o_2021_Bioremediation-for
10 Biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons: potential issues, challenges, and future prospects
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Microbes and biosurfactant production
10.3 Biosurfactant as potential agent for hydrocarbon bioremediation
10.3.1 Lower surface tension
10.3.2 Low critical micelle concentration
10.3.3 Increase solubility
10.3.4 Emulisification power
10.3.5 Low toxicity
10.3.6 Enhancing biodegradability
10.3.7 Chemical stability at extreme environmental conditions
10.3.8 Biodegradability
10.4 Characteristics of biosurfactants
10.4.1 Types of biosurfactants
10.4.1.1 Glycolipids
10.4.1.2 Lipopeptides
10.5 Genetic mechanism of biosurfactant production in hydrocarbon degradation
10.6 Biosurfactant-mediated bioremediation
10.7 Commercial production of biosurfactants
10.8 Challenges in biosurfactant commercialization
10.8.1 Economic constraints
10.8.2 Technical constraints
10.8.3 Virulence factors
10.8.4 Variation in biosurfactant activity in in-situ applications
10.8.5 Antagonistic effect on other beneficial microbes
10.8.6 Inability to culture novel biosurfactant producing strains
10.9 Strategies for improvement of biosurfactant production
10.9.1 Optimization of growth conditions
10.9.1.1 Shift to waste raw materials for biosurfactants
10.9.1.2 Optimization of nutrients in culture media
10.9.1.3 Media formulation for biosurfactant production
10.9.1.4 Improvement in aeration system
10.9.1.5 Improvement in fermentation phase
10.9.2 Improvement in downstream processing
10.9.3 Strategies for strain improvement
10.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter-11---Halophiles-in-bioremediation-of-pe_2021_Bioremediation-for-Envi
11 Halophiles in bioremediation of petroleum contaminants: challenges and prospects
11.1 An introduction to the oil industry
11.2 Halophiles and their significance in oil industry
11.3 Microbial activity in oil reservoirs
11.3.1 Halophilic microbial community thriving in oil reservoirs
11.3.2 Microbial-enhanced oil recovery
11.3.3 Controlling detrimental microbial activity in oil production
11.4 Biodegradation of hydrocarbons at high salinity
11.4.1 Hydrocarbon metabolism in halophiles
11.4.2 Bioremediation of oil-contaminated saline soils
11.4.3 Biological cleanup of marine oil spills
11.4.4 Waste management of saline drill cuttings and fluids
11.4.5 Treatment of saline produced wastewater in oil plants
11.5 Oxidation of sulfur compounds in haloalkaliphilic conditions (gas biological sweetening, treatment of sulfidic spent c...
11.6 Prospects for halophiles in oil industry
11.7 Final conclusion
Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-12---Microbe-driven-generation-of-react_2021_Bioremediation-for-Envi
12 Microbe-driven generation of reactive oxygen species for contaminant degradation
12.1 Biological production of reactive oxygen species for contaminant treatment
12.1.1 Biological production of superoxide (radical) for contaminant removal
12.1.1.1 Widespread production of extracellular superoxide
12.1.1.2 Manganese(II) oxidation by biological •O2−production
12.1.1.3 Denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by biological •O2− production
12.1.2 Biological production of hydrogen peroxide
12.1.2.1 Biological hydrogen peroxide production involved degradation of lignin
12.1.2.2 Biological hydrogen peroxide production involved biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
12.1.3 Microbially driven hydroxyl radical production for pollutant degradation
12.1.3.1 Microbially driven Fenton reaction during anaerobic-aerobic transition
12.1.3.2 Microbially driven Fenton reaction under aerobic conditions
12.2 Reactive oxygen species production mediated by microbes–mineral interaction
12.2.1 Iron oxides
12.2.2 Clay minerals
12.3 Microbe-driven reactive oxygen species generation in natural environments
12.3.1 Marine ecosystems
12.3.2 Freshwater
12.3.3 Subsurface sediments
12.3.3.1 The formation of reactive oxygen species by iron oxides in sediments
12.3.3.2 The formation of reactive oxygen species by reduced organic matter
12.3.3.3 The formation of reactive oxygen species by sulfate
12.3.3.4 Removal of contaminants in sediments environment
12.3.3.5 Dechlorination of trichloroethylene in natural sediments
12.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter-13---Role-of-microbial-enzymes-for-biodegrada_2021_Bioremediation-fo
13 Role of microbial enzymes for biodegradation and bioremediation of environmental pollutants: challenges and future prospects
13.1 Introduction
13.2 A general reaction of bioremediation
13.3 Role of microbial enzymes
13.4 Microbial oxidoreductases
13.4.1 Microbial oxygenases
13.5 Monooxygenases
13.5.1 Microbial dioxygenases
13.6 Microbial laccases
13.7 Microbial peroxidases
13.8 Classification of peroxidase enzymes
13.9 Microbial lignin peroxidases
13.9.1 Microbial manganese peroxidases
13.9.2 Microbial versatile peroxidases
13.10 Microbial hydrolases
13.10.1 Microbial lipases
13.10.2 Microbial cellulases
13.10.3 Microbial proteases
13.11 Phosphotriesterases
13.12 Haloalkane dehalogenases
13.13 Nanozymes
13.13.1 Nanomaterial-based biomimics (nanobiomimics)
13.14 Conclusion
References
Chapter-14---Phytoremediation-of-distillery-efflu_2021_Bioremediation-for-En
14 Phytoremediation of distillery effluent: current progress, challenges, and future opportunities
14.1 Background
14.2 Consumption of water in distilleries
14.3 Maillard reaction products and analysis of distillery effluent decolourization using characteristic light absorbance o...
14.4 Phytoremediation strategies for remediation of contaminated environment
14.5 Success stories of phytoremediation of melanoidins containing distillery waste
14.6 Challenges and future opportunities
14.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter-15---Environmental-contamination--toxicity-pro_2021_Bioremediation-f
15 Environmental contamination, toxicity profile and bioremediation approaches for treatment and detoxification of pulp pap...
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Paper production and chemicals used in the pulping process
15.3 Characterization and toxicity profile of pulp paper wastewater
15.3.1 Organic pollutants of pulp paper industry effluent
15.3.1.1 Resin and fatty acids
15.3.1.2 Surfactants and plasticizers
15.3.1.3 Chlorinated compounds
15.3.1.4 Biocides
15.3.1.5 Dioxins and furans
15.3.2 Inorganic metallic and inorganic nonmetallic pollutants
15.3.3 Gaseous pollutants and their health hazards
15.4 Treatment approaches for paper industry effluent
15.4.1 Physicochemical treatment approaches (primary treatment)
15.4.1.1 Sedimentation
15.4.1.2 Flotation and filtration
15.4.1.3 Advanced oxidation and ozonation processes
15.4.2 Biological treatment approaches (secondary treatment)
15.4.2.1 Aerobic treatment
15.4.2.1.1 Activated sludge systems
15.4.2.1.2 Aerated Lagoons
15.4.2.2 Anaerobic treatment
15.4.3 Emerging treatment approaches (tertiary treatment)
15.4.3.1 Membrane filtration
15.4.3.2 Adsorption and activated carbon
15.4.3.3 Membrane bioreactors
15.5 Management and discharge limits of pulp paper industry wastewater
15.6 Challenges and future prospects
15.7 Summary and conclusion
References
Chapter-16---Machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence_2021_Bioremediatio
16 Machine learning and artificial intelligence application in constructed wetlands for industrial effluent treatment: adva...
16.1 Natural and constructed wetlands: “Wise use” concept
16.2 Machine learning and artificial intelligence
16.2.1 Artificial neural networks
16.2.2 Extreme learning machine
16.3 Bioremediation modeling
16.3.1 Process (mechanistic)-based modeling
16.3.2 Optimization tools: particle swarm optimization
16.3.3 Integrated laboratory simulation–optimization approach
16.4 Major challenges and recommendations-for indian polluted sites
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter-17---Environmental-contamination--toxicity-pr_2021_Bioremediation-fo
17 Environmental contamination, toxicity profile and bioremediation technologies for treatment and detoxification of textil...
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Textile industry reviews
17.3 Environmental pollution and toxicity profile of textile effluent
17.4 Treatment approaches for textile effluent
17.4.1 Physicochemical treatment
Adsorption
Coagulation/flocculation
17.4.2 Biological methods
Bacterial treatment
Fungal and yeast treatment
Algal treatment
17.4.3 Enzymatic treatment
17.4.4 Plant treatment
17.4.5 Constructed wetland
17.4.6 Combined treatment
17.4.7 Mechanism of dyes degradation and decolorization
17.5 Prospects and challenges
17.6 Conclusion and recommendation
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter-18---Emerging-green-technologies-for-biol_2021_Bioremediation-for-En
18 Emerging green technologies for biological treatment of leather tannery chemicals and wastewater
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Pollution and toxicity profile of contaminants in tannery wastewater
18.3 Emerging green technologies for biological treatment of leather tannery chemicals and wastewater
18.3.1 Bioremediation
18.3.2 Phytoremediation
18.3.3 Microbe-assisted phytoremediation
18.3.4 Electrobioremediation
18.3.5 Anammox
18.3.6 Microbial fuel cell
18.3.7 Bioflocculants
18.3.8 Constructed wetland
18.3.9 Bioreactor technology
18.3.10 Combined advanced oxidation and biological treatment
18.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-19---Bioremediation-of-environmental-conta_2021_Bioremediation-for-E
19 Bioremediation of environmental contaminants: a sustainable alternative to environmental management
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Bioremediation
19.3 Some types of environmental contaminants
19.3.1 Heavy metals
19.4 Hydrocarbons
19.5 Bioremediation of environmental contaminants
19.5.1 Heavy metal remediation mechanisms by microorganisms
19.6 Mechanism of hydrocarbon degradation
19.7 Bioremediation strategies/options to guarantee a sustainable environment
19.8 In situ bioremediation
19.9 Bioattenuation
19.10 Biostimulation
19.11 Bioaugmentation
19.12 Bioventing
19.13 Biosparging
19.14 Ex situ bioremediation
19.15 Bioreactors
19.16 Soil biopiles
19.17 Composting
19.18 Land farming
19.19 Phytoremediation
19.20 Genetic engineering approaches
19.21 Mycoremediation
19.22 Steps involved in bioremediation techniques
19.23 Factors influencing bioremediation technology
19.24 Physicochemical factors
19.25 Biological factors
19.26 Climate change
19.27 A sustainable alternative to environmental management
19.28 Future prospects
19.29 Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter-20---Application-of-microalgae-in-industrial-ef_2021_Bioremediation-
20 Application of microalgae in industrial effluent treatment, contaminants removal, and biodiesel production: Opportunitie...
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Microalgae
20.2.1 Algae: the natural indicator of water quality
20.3 Microalgae in industrial effluent treatment and contaminants removal
20.3.1 Pharmaceutical industry
20.3.2 Dye-containing industrial wastewater
20.3.3 Heavy metal remediation
20.3.4 Remediation of agroindustrial wastewater
20.3.5 Phycoremediation of organic pollutants
20.3.6 Phycoremediation of municipal wastes and wastewater
20.3.7 Remediation of wastes and wastewater treatment using microalgal consortia
20.4 Microalgal biosorbents for wastewater treatment and contaminants removal
20.5 Cultivation and harvesting of microalgae
20.6 Microalgae as an environmental biorefinery: production of biofuel and bioactive compounds
20.6.1 Processing, components extraction, and biodiesel production
20.6.2 Microalgal bioactive compounds
20.7 Factors affecting phycoremediation (microalgal remediation)
20.7.1 Nutrients
20.7.2 Temperature
20.7.3 Light
20.7.4 Salinity and pH
20.8 Opportunities, challenges, and future prospects
20.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter-21---Applications-of-microbial-laccases-in-bi_2021_Bioremediation-fo
21 Applications of microbial laccases in bioremediation of environmental pollutants: potential issues, challenges, and pros...
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Emerging and reemerging environmental pollutants
21.2.1 Phthalates
21.2.2 Polychlorinated biphenyls
21.2.3 Alkylphenol ethoxylates and alkylphenols
21.2.4 Plastic additives: bisphenol A
21.2.5 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
21.3 Bioremediation techniques
21.3.1 Laccase: sources, properties, and catalytic mechanisms
21.3.2 Applications of microbial laccases in bioremediation of environmental pollutants
21.4 Technical considerations in large-scale environmental applications of microbial laccases
21.4.1 Challenges: overcoming an unfavorable life cycle assessment
21.5 Prospects: novel laccases and culture conditions for optimum laccase activity
21.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter-22---Immobilized-fungal-technology--a-n_2021_Bioremediation-for-Envi
22 Immobilized fungal technology: a new perspective for bioremediation of heavy metals
22.1 Introduction
22.1.1 Mechanism of heavy metal resistance in fungi
22.1.2 Factors affecting biosorption
22.2 Immobilization of biosorbents and its advantages
22.2.1 Immobilization methods used for fungi
22.2.2 Fungal immobilization techniques used for heavy metal removal
22.2.2.1 Entrapment
22.2.2.2 Entrapment in calcium alginate beads
22.2.2.3 Entrapment in carboxymethylcellulose beads
22.2.2.3.1 Fungal organisms: Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC-20696)
22.2.2.4 Immobilization within loofa sponge
22.2.2.4.1 Fungal organisms: Penicillium simplicissimum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium
22.2.2.5 Entrapment using polyvinyl alcohol–sodium alginate beads
22.2.2.5.1 Fungal organisms: Penicillium janthinillum (strain GXCR)
22.2.2.6 Entrapment using polysulfone matrix beads
22.2.2.6.1 Fungal organisms: Mucor rouxii, Rhizopus nigricans (NCIM 880)
22.2.2.7 Cross-linking with glutaraldehyde solution
22.2.2.7.1 Fungal Organism: Irvingia gabonensis (TU-GM14)
22.3 Challenges to overcome
22.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter-23---Challenges-in-bioremediati_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environmenta
23 Challenges in bioremediation: from lab to land
23.1 Introduction
23.1.1 Bioremediation
23.1.2 Types of Bioremediation
23.1.2.1 Ex situ Bioremediation Strategies
23.1.2.2 Windrows
23.1.2.3 Bioreactor
23.1.2.4 Biopile
23.1.2.5 Land farming
23.1.2.6 In situ bioremediation techniques
23.1.3 Enhanced in situ bioremediation
23.1.3.1 Bioslurping
23.1.3.2 Bioventing
23.1.3.3 Phytoremediation
23.1.3.4 Intrinsic bioremediation
23.2 Identification of challenges
23.2.1 Gaps in bioremediation
23.2.1.1 Microbial bioremediation challenges
23.2.1.2 Challenges in aromatic hydrocarbons
23.2.1.3 Challenges in heavy metals
23.2.1.4 Challenges in bioaugumentation
23.2.2 Factors Influencing Bioremediation
23.3 Addressing challenges and gaps
23.3.1 Microbial community analysis
23.3.1.1 Types of metagenomics
23.3.1.1.1 Process involved in microbial community analysis
23.3.2 Applications of metagenomic analysis from lab to land
23.4 Integration of remote sensing and GIS for bioremediation
23.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-24---Water-stable-metal-organic-fram_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environ
24 Water-stable metal–organic framework for environmental remediation
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Stable metal–organic framework
24.2.1 M4+ carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.2.1.1 Ti4+ carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.2.1.2 Zr4+ carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.2.1.3 Ce4+ carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.2.2 M3+ carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.2.2.1 Al3+ carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.2.2.2 Fe3+ carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.2.2.3 Cr3+ carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.2.3 M2+ azolate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.2.4 M+ azolate-based metal–organic frameworks
24.3 Metal–organic frameworks as adsorbents for decontamination
24.3.1 Inorganic contaminants
24.3.1.1 Adsorptive removal of toxic heavy metal ions
24.3.1.1.1 Adsorptive removal of arsenic
24.3.1.1.2 Adsorptive removal of cadmium
24.3.1.1.3 Adsorptive removal of chromium
24.3.1.1.4 Adsorptive removal of mercury
24.3.1.1.5 Adsorptive removal of halide ions
24.3.1.2 Nuclear wastes
24.3.2 Metal–organic frameworks for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater
24.3.2.1 Organic dyes
24.3.2.2 Organic industrial products/wastes
24.3.2.3 Adsorptive removal of agrochemicals
24.3.2.4 Adsorptive removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
24.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter-25---Biogenic-nanoparticles-for-removal-of-hea_2021_Bioremediation-f
25 Biogenic nanoparticles for removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from water and wastewater: advances, challenge...
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Nanoparticles: overview and applications
25.3 Green synthesis of nanoparticles (biogenic nanoparticles)
25.4 Techniques for characterization of nanoparticles
25.5 Nanoparticles for heavy metals removal from water and wastewater
25.6 Nanoparticles for organic pollutants’ removal from water and wastewater
25.7 Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of contaminants removal
25.8 Advances, challenges, and future prospects
25.9 Conclusions
References
Index_2021_Bioremediation-for-Environmental-Sustainability
Index