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English Pages 323 Year 2016
Appreciating Local Knowledge
Appreciating Local Knowledge Edited by
Elisabeth Kapferer, Andreas Koch and Clemens Sedmak
Appreciating Local Knowledge Edited by Elisabeth Kapferer, Andreas Koch and Clemens Sedmak This book first published 2016 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2016 by Elisabeth Kapferer, Andreas Koch, Clemens Sedmak and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-9066-9 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-9066-3
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface
ix
Acknowledgements
xi
Chapter I Different Kinds of Knowledge—Epistemological Approaches ELISABETH KAPFERER ,QWURGXFWLRQ
CLEMENS SEDMAK 2QLRQVVRLOVDQGZDWHULQJSODQWV /RFDONQRZOHGJHDQGORFDOHSLVWHPLFMXVWLFH
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Chapter II Different Settings of Knowledge—Spatial Approaches ANDREAS KOCH ,QWURGXFWLRQ ELISABETH DONAT / MADELEINE KOCH ([SORULQJVRFLDODQGVSDWLDORSSRUWXQLWLHVWRPRYHZLWKLQDFLW\ $UHVLGHQW¶VSHUVSHFWLYHRQXUEDQPRELOLW\
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Table of Contents
ANDREAS KOCH 'HWHFWLQJSDWWHUQVRIHPHUJHQFH LQXUEDQVHJUHJDWLRQVLPXODWLRQZLWKORFDONQRZOHGJH THEO VURDUBAKIS / RAONI RAJÃO /RFDONQRZOHGJHDQGUHPRWHVHQVLQJ Identifying deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia ALICE NATARAJA GARCIA SANTOS :LQGHQHUJ\LQ%UD]LODQGVRFLRHFRORJLFDOFRQÀLFWV 7KHUROHRINQRZOHGJHLQSRZHUVWUXJJOHV
Chapter III Different Settings of Knowledge—Social Approaches ANDREAS KOCH ,QWURGXFWLRQ LAURA M. WESTHOFF Expertise and local knowledge DW+LJKODQGHU5HVHDUFKDQG(GXFDWLRQ&HQWHU STEFAN TOBLER &RPEDWWLQJSRYHUW\UHTXLUHVDORFDODSSURDFK $5RPDQLDQSHUVSHFWLYH MÁRTON LENDVAY 3RVWVRFLDOLVWFRPPXQLW\DQGORFDONQRZOHGJH (WKQRJUDSKLHVRIZDWHUPHORQSURGXFWLRQLQ+XQJDU\
Table of Contents
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Chapter IV Different Kinds of Transfer—Socio-Cultural Approaches ELISABETH KAPFERER ,QWURGXFWLRQ SHALINI PANJABI 5HÀHFWLRQVRQRUDOFXOWXUHDVORFDONQRZOHGJH DE-VALERA N. Y. M. BOTCHWAY ³:KHQWKHµJOREDO¶PDUJLQDOL]HVWKHµLQGLJHQRXV¶´ 0DUFXV*DUYH\DQG.ZDEHQD'DPXDKDVPRUWDUWRWKHEULFNV RIthFHQWXU\$IURFHQWULFUHOLJLRXVUHIRUPDWLRQ THOMAS KURZ / THOMAS LAMPOLTSHAMMER /RFDONQRZOHGJHDVDGULYLQJIRUFHIRULQWHUFXOWXUDO FRUSRUDWHGHYHORSPHQW
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PREFACE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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CHAPTER I DIFFERENT KINDS OF KNOWLEDGE— EPISTEMOLOGICAL APPROACHES
INTRODUCTION ELISABETH KAPFERER
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ONIONS, SOILS, AND WATERING PLANTS:
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND LOCAL EPISTEMIC JUSTICE CLEMENS SEDMAK Onions Sally Morgan dLVFXVVHVDFODVKRIHSLVWHPLFFXOWXUHVLQKHUDXWRELRJUDSK\ ³0\3ODFH´+HULOOLWHUDWHJUDQGPRWKHU³1DQ´ EHOLHYHGLQWKHHI¿FDF\RI RQLRQVDVSRZHUIXOWRROVWRHUDGLFDWHJHUPV²VKHZRXOGSXWRQLRQVDOORYHU WKHKRXVHLQFOXGLQJWKHEHGURRPVZLWKDOOWKHROIDFWRU\VLGHHIIHFWV6DOO\ FKDOOHQJHGWKLVNQRZOHGJHFODLPDVD\HDUROGKLJKVFKRROVWXGHQW³, DUULYHGKRPHIURPVFKRRORQHGD\ZLWKWKHIDFWVRIDVFLHQFHOHVVRQIUHVKO\ imprinted in my brain, and proceeded to inform Nan that when it came to HUDGLFDWLQJ JHUPV RQLRQV ZHUH WRWDOO\ XVHOHVV´7KH UHDFWLRQ ZDV KDUVK ³1DQZDVFURVVVKHVDLGKLJKVFKRROKDGJRQHWRP\KHDG´6DOO\SURFHHGHG WRJHWULGRIWKHRQLRQVLQKHUURRP³,ZDONHGLQWRP\URRPÀXQJEDFNWKH FXUWDLQVDQGFROOHFWHGXSDOOWKHRQLRQTXDUWHUVWKDWVDWQHDWO\DORQJP\EHGURRPZLQGRZVLOO,KHVLWDWHGDWSLFNLQJXSWZRRIWKHP7KH\ZHUHVOLJKWO\ PROG\DQGWKH\ORRNHGDWPHDVLIWRVD\UHPRYHXVDQG\RX¶OOJHWDGHDGO\ GLVHDVHMXVWOLNH\RXU*UDQGPRWKHUVD\V,JUDVSHGWKHPFRXUDJHRXVO\ZLWK P\EDUHKDQGVDQGÀXQJWKHPGUDPDWLFDOO\LQWKHNLWFKHQELQµ1RPRUH RQLRQV¶,WROG1DQTXLHWO\EXW¿UPO\«,ZDVWU\LQJWREHUDWLRQDODERXW WKHZKROHWKLQJ$IWHUDOO,ZDVVWXG\LQJVFLHQFH´ Needless to say, Sally’s JUDQGPRWKHUGLGQRWJLYHXSWKDWHDVLO\DQGFRQWLQXHGWRVPXJJOHRQLRQV LQWR6DOO\¶VURRP :KDWGRHVWKLVRQLRQLQFLGHQWWHOOXVDERXWORFDONQRZOHGJH" /RFDO NQRZOHGJHLQWKLVFDVHLV³SHUVRQDO´LHFRQQHFWHGWRDQDXWKRULW\¿JXUH ³WUDGLWLRQDO´LHZLWKDKDELWIRUPLQJKLVWRU\ DQG³ORRVHO\MXVWL¿HG´LH MXVWL¿HG ZLWK UHIHUHQFH WR DXWKRULW\ DQG WUDGLWLRQH[SHULHQFH ORFDO NQRZOHGJH LQ WKLV FDVH LV FKDOOHQJHG E\ ³XQLYHUVDO FODLPV´ EDVHG RQ WKH FODLPVRI³VFLHQWL¿FHYLGHQFH´ /RFDONQRZOHGJHLQWKLVFDVHLVOLQNHG WR DXWKRULWLHV WKDW KDYH PRUH WKDQ MXVW HSLVWHPLF EXW DOVR VRFLDO SRZHU
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CHAPTER II DIFFERENT SETTINGS OF KNOWLEDGE— SPATIAL APPROACHES
INTRODUCTION ANDREAS KOCH
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7KLVLVWKHGRPLQDWHG²DQGKHQFHSDVVLYHO\H[SHULHQFHG²VSDFH>«@ ,WRYHUOD\VSK\VLFDOVSDFHPDNLQJV\PEROLFXVHRILWVREMHFWV´ :KLOH ³UHSUHVHQWDWLRQV RI VSDFH´ PD\ EH VHHQ DV WKH OHYHOOLQJ HIIHFWV RI JOREDOLPSDFWVRQORFDOLGLRV\QFUDVLHVWKH³UHSUHVHQWDWLRQDOVSDFHV´IRUP WKHVSDWLRWHPSRUDOUHVXOWVRIORFDOWUDQVODWLRQVRIWKHIRUPHUWKHGLDOHFWLF V\QWKHVLV DPDOJDPDWHV LQWR WKH ³VSDWLDO SUDFWLFH´ ZKHUH ORFDO DQG JOREDO NQRZOHGJHRIFRPPXQLWLHVPHUJHVWRJHWKHU The second direction, in a sense, draws attention to the origins and HIIHFWVRIWKHSURGXFWLRQRIVSDFHVDQGLVDWULEXWHWRDFWRUQHWZRUNWKHRU\ %UXQR/DWRXU GLVFDUGVWKHLGHDRIPRGHUQLW\DVD³ZRUNRISXUL¿FDWLRQ´EHOLHYLQJLQDQRQWRORJLFDOGLFKRWRP\RIKXPDQVDQGQRQKXPDQV DQG IDYRUV WKH ³ZRUN RI WUDQVODWLRQ´ WKDW LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ QHWZRUNV RI UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQGLYHUVHVHWWLQJVRIREMHFWVLQDZLGHVHQVH 7KHZRUNRI WUDQVODWLRQLVWKXVWKHW\SHRIZRUNZHVKRXOGDSSUHFLDWHEHFDXVHLWDOORZV XVWRLQWHJUDWHDEVWUDFWJOREDOWUHQGVLQWRVSHFL¿FORFDOFRQWH[WVDQGH[WHQG ORFDO NQRZOHGJH HJ LQ PHGLFLQH WRZDUGV D JOREDO GHPDQG /DWRXU¶V S FODLPWKHUHIRUHLV³WRUHORFDWHWKHJOREDO´³WRUHGLVWULEXWHWKH ORFDO´DQG³WRFRQQHFWWKHVLWHVUHYHDOHGE\WKHWZRIRUPHUPRYHV´ $OOIRXUFRQWULEXWLRQVLQWKLVFKDSWHUGHDOZLWKWKHVHWHQVLRQVRIJOREDO ORFDO²JORFDO²UHODWLRQVKLSV WKRXJK LQ GLIIHUHQW ZD\V DQG DW GLIIHUHQW LQWHQVLWLHVElisabeth Donat and Madeleine Koch address the topic of a spatially inspired local knowledge on mobility and action spaces at the city OHYHO³E\WKLQNLQJDERXWSHRSOHPRYLQJWKURXJKWLPHDQGVSDFHZLWKWKHLU LQGLYLGXDODQGPDQLIROGSXUSRVHVFDSDELOLWLHVDQGGHPDQGV$VDQHPHUJHQWSURSHUW\PRELOLW\LWVHOIOHDGVWRVRFLRVSDWLDOLQFOXVLRQDQGH[FOXVLRQ SURFHVVHVDQGVRFKDOOHQJHVWKHXUEDQSODQQLQJV\VWHPLQSUDFWLFHDQGUDLVHV TXHVWLRQVDERXWVSDWLDOMXVWLFHDWDVRFLHWDOOHYHO´7KH\WLHWKHLUWKHRUHWLFDO UHÀHFWLRQVWRDQHPSLULFDOVXUYH\GRQHLQWKHFLW\RI6DO]EXUJ$XVWULDLQ order to detect mobility patterns that correlate with the kind of knowledge SHRSOHKDYHRIWKHLUHQYLURQPHQW²VSHFL¿FDOO\RIWKHWUDQVSRUWDWLRQLQIUDVWUXFWXUH Andreas Koch GHOLQHDWHV WKH SKHQRPHQRQ RI XUEDQ VHJUHJDWLRQ²WKH VLPXOWDQHRXV SURFHVV RI DUFKLWHFWXUDO VRFLDO DQG FXOWXUDO XSJUDGLQJ RI LQQHUFLW\ GLVWULFWV DQG WKH GLVSODFHPHQW RI SHRSOH ZKR DUH XQDEOH RU XQZLOOLQJWRSD\IRUWKLVXSJUDGHPLJUDQWVWKHXQHPSOR\HGVLQJOHSDUHQW KRXVHKROGVWKHHOGHUO\ ²DVDWHQVLRQEHWZHHQPLFURPRWLYHVDQGPDFUR EHKDYLRU+RXVHKROGVHTXLSSHGZLWKORFDONQRZOHGJHRIGLIIHUHQWTXDOLW\ GXHWRGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIVRFLDOQHWZRUNVDQGWLPHVRIUHVLGHQFHVHHPWR VKDUHDFRPPRQSUHIHUHQFHIRURWKHUKRXVHKROGVZLWKVLPLODUVRFLDOFKDUDF
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References /DWRXU%UXQR 5HDVVHPEOLQJWKH6RFLDO2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV /DWRXU%UXQR :H+DYH1HYHU%HHQ0RGHUQ&DPEULGJH0DVVDFKXVHWWV+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV /HIHEYUH+HQUL 7KH3URGXFWLRQRI6SDFH0DOGHQ86$%ODFNZHOO 3XEOLVKLQJ
EXPLORING SOCIAL AND SPATIAL
OPPORTUNITIES TO MOVE WITHIN A CITY.
A RESIDENT’S PERSPECTIVE ON URBAN MOBILITY
ELISABETH DONAT / MADELEINE KOCH 1. Interest & aim “AllHYHU\GD\DFWLYLWLHVUHTXLUHWKHQHJRWLDWLRQRIVSDFHDQGWLPH´-DUYLV E\LQGLYLGXDOVWRPHHWWKHPXOWLSOHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIZRUNIDPLO\ DQGRWKHUVRFLDOQHWZRUNVDVZHOODVJHQHUDOVRFLHW\%HVLGHVWKHLQGLYLGXDO PRELOLW\WKDW¿WVWKHGLVWLQFWQHHGVRIDSHUVRQPRELOLW\SDWWHUQVRIYDULRXV VRFLDOJURXSVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKGLIIHUHQWOLIHVW\OHVHPHUJHDVDFRQVHTXHQFH RIWKHFRRUGLQDWLRQRIWKLQJVDQGSHRSOHLQVSDFHDQGWLPH5HVWUDLQWVRQ PRELOLW\EHDUVRFLDOFRQVHTXHQFHVVXFKDVOLPLWDWLRQVWRVRFLDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQ6KRYH EHFDXVHHYHQWRGD\PRVWHYHU\GD\SUDFWLFHVHJZRUNLQJGDLO\VKRSSLQJFDWFKLQJXSIULHQGVHGXFDWLQJRQHVHOIWDNLQJFDUHRI RWKHUVUHTXLUHFRSUHVHQFH 6KHOOHU 8UU\GUDZDWWHQWLRQLQWKHLUDUWLFOH³7KH1HZ0RELOLW\ 3DUDGLJP´WRWKHLGHDWKDWWKHUHLVDODFNRINQRZOHGJHDERXWKRZSHRSOH DQGWKLQJVPRYHVXSSRUWHGE\FKDQJLQJREMHFWVDQGWHFKQRORJLHV7KHDFWXDO IUDJPHQWHGVRFLRWHPSRUDORUGHUWKHFKDQJLQJUHTXLUHPHQWVRILQGLYLGXDO À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¿FSRVLWLRQLQVSDFH 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVSDSHULVWRDGGUHVVWKHWKHPHRI³PRELOLW\DFWLRQ VSDFHVDQGORFDONQRZOHGJH´ZLWKLQDFLW\E\WKLQNLQJDERXWSHRSOHPRYLQJ WKURXJKWLPHDQGVSDFHZLWKWKHLULQGLYLGXDODQGPDQLIROGSXUSRVHVFDSD-
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SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
MENTAL HEALTH PERSONAL BELIEFS
Networks: weak and strong ties
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