Ancient Greece : a sketch of its art, literature & philosophy viewed in connexion with its external history from earliest times to the age of Alexander the Great

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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY

HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE

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GREAT NATIONS ANCIENT GREECE

GREAT NATIONS /« active preparation

ROME FRANCE

GERMANY IRELAND

By H. L. HaveU, B.A. By Professor W. H. Hudson By T. W. RoUeston By Eleanor HuU and

Professor Stanley Lane-Poole

SCOTLAND By R. L. MEDIEVAL ITALY

Mackie, M.A.

By H. CotteriU,

B.

M.A.

IBB>ES-J9Bi^iB.«i

^5

I

2.

White Attic Lekythus REii-Fir,iiKF,p

Lekythus

ANCIENT GREECE & A SKETCH OF

ITS

4RT LITERATURE

PHILO

SOPHY VIEWED IN CONNEXION WITH ITS EXTERNAL HISTORY FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO THE AGE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT

BY

H.

B.

COTTERILL

M.A.

Translator of the " Odyssey " Editor of " Selections from the Inferno" Goethe's "Iphigenie" Milton's "Areopagitica" Virgil's " Aeneid "

I

and VI

etc.

NEW YORK FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY PUBLISHERS E,y,

Df 11

l\.^8?>3

,

77

PRINTED AT THE BAULANTYNE PRESS LONDON

ENGLAND

PREFACE

WHEN

the attempt is made in a book ot this size to give a continuous account of the external history of Greece, and into this framework to fit a number of sketches descriptive of its art, hterature, and philosophy, as well as other matters, it is of course necessary to omit many details and to rely on whatever skill one may happen to possess in selection and combination. In regard to antiquities and literature, I have drawn attention chiefly to what is extant and of general interest, and have trusted to description, illustration, and quotation rather than to disquisition and criticism. The Sections appended to each chapter treat subjects that are closely connected with the period

covered by the chapter. Any of these Sections can be omitted without seriously interrupting continuity. Temples, Dress, Coins, and Vases have been relegated to Notes at the end of the volume, seeing that they are not specially connected with any one period. The letters B.C. (but not a.d.) have been generally omitted, as unnecessary in a book on Ancient Greece. To name in full all the books that one has to use in such work is unnecessary, but, since space did not always allow of exact reference on occasions when I annexed a fact or a sentiment, it is right that I should here acknowledge my obligations to Baikie, Berard, Bergk, Berthe following modern writers noulU, Buchholz, Burrows, Bury, Busolt, Butcher, Archer Butler, Chamberlain (Grundlagen), Christ, Dawkins, Deussen, Diehl, Donaldson, Dorpfeld, Dussaud, Sir A. J. Evans, Frazer {Pausanias), Furtwangler, E. Gardner, P. Gardner, Gomperz, Grote, Hall, Miss Harrison, Head, Hill, Hogarth, Holm, V :

PREFACE

Mahatty,

Lang, W. I.eaf Lowy, A. Murray, G. Murray, MelTzer. iover, Mosso. A. S. RidgeRawlinson, Canon Rawlinson, pJev Petrie Sir H. SchucMt, RitteTand Preller, Schlegel, Schliemann H. B. Walters, Tsountas, Smith, W. Smith, Smith. G.

Hommel

(Chronology). A.

^

wt

A H

Wilamowitz.'wood (Efhesus).

Zeller,

Zimmermann.

Also in regard to the illustrations, my thanks are due to Mr. Hasluck, of the British School in Athens, and (especially in regard to vases) to Professor H. Thiersch, of Freiburg, as well as to many others whose names are mentioned in the I^ist. Some of the illustrations supplied by F. Bruckmann and Co. others are from their fine series of Greek and Roman Portraits ;

are from Bernoulli's Griechische Ikonographie. The autotypes of coins in Plates I-VI are reproductions which I was permitted

by the courtesy of the

Director of the British

Museum to make

from Mr. Head's official Guide to the Coins of the Ancients. In quoting Herodotus I have, with the permission of Mr. John Murray, frequently made use of Canon Rawlinson's version, and in translating Thucydides I sometimes accepted the guidance of Dale. For the compilation of the index I am indebted to Mr. C. C. Wood. H. B. Freiburg im Breisgau, March 191

Vl

C.

CONTENTS I.

The

Aegaean Civiwzation Supremacy Sections

A. I/anguage

:

and

:

Tim

Achaean i

Writing.

The

B.

Old

Religion. C. The Homeric Age' and Homer. D. Chronology of Aegaean and other Contemporary Civilizations. '

II.

The Dark Age

74

Dipylon Antiquities. B. Hesiod A. C. The Phoenicians and some other Nations during the Dark Age.

Sections

III.

'

:

'

From the First Olympiad to Peisistratus Sections A. Egypt and Cyrene. B. I/ydia Eastern Kings. C. The Games. D. The Poets.

.

:

IV.

113 of

The Age of Peisistratus and the Rise of '

Persia

172

a. Poets and Philosophers. Sculpture and Architecture.

SECTIONS

V.

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