AMDO TIBETAN LANGUAGE: An Introduction to Normative Oral Amdo. ༄༅།། ཨམ་སྐད་ལམ་འཇུག། ཨམ་སྐད་སྤྱི་མཚན་ཁོལ་ཕྱུང་མ། [43, 1 ed.]

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AMDO TIBETAN LANGUAGE

www.dpalldan.com

The author has pursued interests in ethnology, linguistics, and literary translation for 20 years. His upbringing in a Tibetan tribe, education in Tibetan language and literature and proficient knowledge of English, Chinese, and German, have given him a broad base for professional pursuits. This latest book was inspired by teaching Tibetan for more than a decade at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. He is currently at work on a theoretical grammar of modern Tibetan and a novel providing an overview of his tribe in the 1895–1960 era.

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Cover design by Renchin Jolma www.BeyondHerKitchen.com

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úûăă ŞŎāǧŇāřŎāŖȸĹă ŞŎāǧŇāȦŢāŎŐʼnāĸŬřāʈĻāŎă



AMDO TIBETAN LANGUAGE An Introduction to Normative Oral Amdo

by ŇŊřāǷʼnāŌȇāŚŢŜă

Dpal ldan bkra shis

ASIAN HIGHLANDS PERSPECTIVES (AHP) is a trans-disciplinary journal focused on the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions, including the Southeast Asian Massif, Himalayan Massif, the Extended Eastern Himalayas, the Mongolian Plateau, and other contiguous areas. HARD COPY: www.lulu.com/asianhp; ONLINE: www.plateauculture.org/asian-highlands-perspectives; E-MAIL: [email protected] ISSN (print): 1835-7741; (electronic): 1925-6329; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONTROL NUMBER: 2008944256; CALL NUMBER: DS1.A4739; SUBJECTS: Uplands-Asia-Periodicals; Tibet, Plateau ofPeriodicals EDITORIAL BOARD: Andrew Smith, Arizona State University; Barbara Brower, Portland State University; Bianca Horlemann, Humboldt University; Bill Bleisch, China Exploration & Research Society; Charlene Makley, Reed College; Daniel Berounský, Charles University; Daniel Miller, US AID; Emily Yeh, University of Colorado; Fernanda Pirie, University of Oxford; Geoffrey Samuel, Cardiff University; Gray Tuttle, Columbia University; Hildegard Diemberger, University of Cambridge; Huadan Zhaxi (Dpal ldan bkra shis ŇŊřāǷʼnāŌȇāŚŢŜ), Humboldt University; Jermay Jamsu ('Gyur med rgya mtsho ŖʀŘāŎŪŇāȢāŎŐǓ), Independent Scholar; Juha Janhunen, University of Helsinki; Katherine Morton, Australian National University; Keith Dede, Lewis and Clark College; Keith Slater, SIL International, East Asia Group and University of North Dakota; Mark Bender, The Ohio State University; Mark Turin, University of British Columbia; Paul K Nietupski, John Carroll University; Sarah E Fraser, Northwestern University; Sienna Craig, Dartmouth College; Toni Huber, Humboldt University; and Veronika Zikmundova, Charles University. OPEN ACCESS, COPYRIGHT, AND PUBLISHING FEES: AHP is a green, open access journal. We charge no publishing fees. All works published in AHP are subject to a Creative Commons, AttributionNonCommercial 3.0 Unported. License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/deed.en_US. Contributing authors may self-archive and disseminate their work. KEYWORDS: Tibetan, language, dialogue, grammar COVER DESIGN: Rin chen sgrol ma ŘŢʼnāĽŪʼnāȤŬřāŎă

CITATION: Dpal ldan Bkra shis. 2016. Amdo Tibetan Language: An Introduction to Normative Amdo Tibetan. Asian Highlands Perspectives 43. SUMMARY: Amdo Tibetan Language has nineteen chapters, a section on verb conjugation, a section on grammar, three appendices, and a bibliography. Numerous exercises, dialogues, texts, and special phrases are also provided. Each chapter consists of course texts, grammar notes, exercises, a vocabulary list, examples, and supplementary grammar. The texts focus on daily Tibetan life. Sentences are short and syntactically not overly complex. Exercises provide focus-related examples to reinforce chapter contents and include dialogues, sentences, and phrase completion. Dialogues are a major focus and provide a backdrop of communication for practice. Language notes deal with various grammatical, syntactic, and semantic points. An English-Tibetan wordlist is at the end of each chapter. The supplemental grammar section addresses grammatical concepts, new phrasal words, and function words and phrases. Certain phrases and compound words that have not appeared in contemporary dictionaries are provided with English equivalents.

BACK COVER: ȂŬŎāŊāŊŬŖŢāŞāŋāŎŢĻāȜŢĻāŌɁʼnāŇĻāŌɁʼnāŊŬŖŢāɆāŘŌŜāŐāʗŇă The author's father and his six siblings and their descendants. The oldest, Sha wo 'tsho ŚāŌŬāŖŐǓ, was born in 1934 and the youngest,

Lha mo yag ȅāŎŬāŗĹ, was born in 1952. Their descendants live in Bao'an ņŬāȢāŔĻ and Gua shi ze ŎĹŘā ȂŪāŔĻ townships, Reb gong ŘŪŌāĹŬĻ County, Rma lho ȀāȅŬ Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon ŎŐǓāǭŬʼn Province. The photo was taken in August 2013 by the author in Gua shi ze Township.

All photographs at the beginning of each chapter were taken by Dpal ldan bkra shis unless otherwise indicated. ©2016 Asian Highlands Perspectives. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, licensed, distributed, displayed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without express prior written permission from Asian Highlands Perspectives. Clip art in this publication is used with permission from Microsoft.

Contents Preface Abbreviations Appendix I: Verb Conjugation Appendix II: Grammar Index Appendix III: Answer Key

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Chapter 1 Text One Pronouns 1.1 Pronouns and possessive pronouns Note-1: verb "to be": ;A/ Text Two Text Three 1.2 Pronouns and possessive pronouns Verb "to be": ;A/ Note-2: existential verb: ;R. 1.3 Verb "to be":