Young Person's Occupational Outlook Handbook 978-1-59357-359-1

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Based on information from the U.S . Department of Labor

Also in JIST’s Young Person’s Handbook Series ™

Young Person’s Career Skills Handbook Young Person’s Character Education Handbook

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, Sixth Edition © 2007 by JIST Publishing, Inc. Published by JIST Works, an imprint of JIST Publishing, Inc. 8902 Otis Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46216-1033 Phone: 1-800-648-JIST Fax: 1-800-JIST-FAX E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.jist.com Note to educators. Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook is part of JIST’s Young Person’s Handbook Series. A corresponding workbook, Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook Activities, helps students get the most from this book. The Career & Life Explorer assessment matches student interests to OOH jobs. Exploring Your Career Options video inspires young people to consider their many job options. Call 1-800-648-JIST or visit www.jist.com for more information. Quantity discounts are available for JIST products. Have future editions of JIST books automatically delivered to you on publication through our convenient standing order program. Please call 1-800-648-JIST or visit www.jist.com for a free catalog and more information. Acquisitions Editor: Susan Pines Development Editor: Dave Anderson Database Work: Laurence Shatkin Cover Designer and Illustrator: Chris Sabatino Interior Illustrator: Chris Sabatino Interior Design and Layout: Marie Kristine Parial-Leonardo Proofreaders: Jeanne Clark, Paula Lowell Printed in the United States of America 12 11 10 09 08 07

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Young person's occupational outlook handbook / based on information from the U.S. Department of Labor ; by the editors at JIST. -- 6th ed. p. cm. -- (Young person's handbook series) Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-1-59357-359-1 (alk. paper) 1. Occupations--Juvenile literature. 2. Job descriptions--Juvenile literature. 3. Vocational guidance-Juvenile literature. I. JIST Works, Inc. II. United States. Dept. of Labor. HF5382.Y58 2007 331.702--dc22 2006032663 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in articles or reviews. Making copies of any part of this book for any purpose other than your own personal use is a violation of United States copyright laws. For permission requests, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com or (978) 750-8400. We have been careful to provide accurate information throughout this book, but it is possible that errors and omissions have been introduced. Please consider this in making any career plans or other important decisions. Trust your own judgment above all else and in all things. Trademarks: All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of their respective owners. ISBN: 978-1-59357-359-1

About This Book This book presents information on nearly 270 major jobs. These jobs cover 90 percent of the workforce, and you are very likely to work in one or more of them during your life. In looking over these jobs, we suggest that you consider every one that interests you. Remember that you are exploring job possibilities. The information will help you learn which classes to take and what additional training or education you will need to do that job. If a job requires more training or education than you think you can get, consider it anyway. There are many ways to finance an education, so don’t eliminate any job possibility too soon. The introduction will give you useful information to help you understand and use the book for career exploration. We hope this book will help you identify some new jobs to think about and some new possibilities to consider. We wish you a happy and successful future.

CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Introduction ............................................................................1 Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations..........................................................................9 Professional & Related Occupations ......................................39 Service Occupations ............................................................139 Sales & Related Occupations ..............................................167 Office & Administrative Support Occupations......................181 Farming, Fishing & Forestry Occupations ............................217 Construction Trades & Related Workers ..............................221 Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations ................243 Production Occupations ......................................................263 Transportation & Material Moving Occupations ..................285 Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces................................295 Appendix: More Job Information on the Web ....................297 Index of Job Titles................................................................313

TABLE OF CONTENTS Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations ..............................................9 Administrative Services Managers ..............................................................................10 Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations & Sales Managers ..................11 Computer & Information Systems Managers..............................................................12 Construction Managers ..............................................................................................13 Education Administrators ..........................................................................................14 Engineering & Natural Sciences Managers..................................................................15 Farmers, Ranchers & Agricultural Managers ..............................................................16 Financial Managers ....................................................................................................17 Food Service Managers................................................................................................18 Funeral Directors ........................................................................................................19 Human Resources, Training & Labor Relations Managers & Specialists ....................20 Industrial Production Managers ..................................................................................21 Lodging Managers ......................................................................................................22 Medical & Health Services Managers..........................................................................23 Property, Real Estate & Community Association Managers ........................................24 Purchasing Managers, Buyers & Purchasing Agents ....................................................25 Top Executives ............................................................................................................26 Accountants & Auditors..............................................................................................27 Appraisers & Assessors of Real Estate..........................................................................28 Budget Analysts ..........................................................................................................29 Claims Adjusters, Appraisers, Examiners & Investigators ............................................30 Cost Estimators ..........................................................................................................31 Financial Analysts & Personal Financial Advisors........................................................32 Insurance Underwriters ..............................................................................................33

Loan Officers ..............................................................................................................34 Management Analysts ................................................................................................35 Meeting & Convention Planners ................................................................................36 Tax Examiners, Collectors & Revenue Agents ............................................................37

Professional & Related Occupations ..............................39 Actuaries ....................................................................................................................40 Computer Programmers..............................................................................................41 Computer Scientists & Database Administrators ........................................................42 Computer Software Engineers ....................................................................................43 Computer Support Specialists & Systems Administrators ..........................................44 Computer Systems Analysts ........................................................................................45 Mathematicians ..........................................................................................................46 Operations Research Analysts......................................................................................47 Statisticians ................................................................................................................48 Architects, Except Landscape & Naval ........................................................................49 Landscape Architects ..................................................................................................50 Surveyors, Cartographers, Photogrammetrists & Surveying Technicians ....................51 Engineers ....................................................................................................................52 Drafters ......................................................................................................................53 Engineering Technicians..............................................................................................54 Agricultural & Food Scientists ....................................................................................55 Biological Scientists ....................................................................................................56 Medical Scientists........................................................................................................57 Conservation Scientists & Foresters ............................................................................58 Atmospheric Scientists ................................................................................................59 Chemists & Materials Scientists ..................................................................................60 Environmental Scientists & Hydrologists....................................................................61

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Geoscientists ..............................................................................................................62 Physicists & Astronomers............................................................................................63 Economists..................................................................................................................64 Market and Survey Researchers ..................................................................................65 Psychologists ..............................................................................................................66 Urban & Regional Planners ........................................................................................67 Social Scientists, Other................................................................................................68 Science Technicians ....................................................................................................69 Counselors ..................................................................................................................70 Probation Officers & Correctional Treatment Specialists ............................................71 Social & Human Service Assistants ............................................................................72 Social Workers ............................................................................................................73 Court Reporters ..........................................................................................................74 Judges, Magistrates & Other Judicial Workers ............................................................75 Lawyers ......................................................................................................................76 Paralegals and Legal Assistants ....................................................................................77 Archivists, Curators & Museum Technicians ..............................................................78 Instructional Coordinators ..........................................................................................79 Librarians ....................................................................................................................80 Library Technicians ....................................................................................................81 Teacher Assistants........................................................................................................82 Teachers—Adult Literacy & Remedial Education ......................................................83 Teachers—Postsecondary ............................................................................................84 Teachers—Preschool, Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle & Secondary ......................85 Teachers—Self-Enrichment Education........................................................................86 Teachers—Special Education ......................................................................................87 Artists & Related Workers ..........................................................................................88 Commercial and Industrial Designers ........................................................................89 Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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Fashion Designers ......................................................................................................90 Floral Designers ..........................................................................................................91 Graphic Designers ......................................................................................................92 Interior Designers ......................................................................................................93 Actors, Producers & Directors ....................................................................................94 Athletes, Coaches, Umpires & Related Workers..........................................................95 Dancers & Choreographers ........................................................................................96 Musicians, Singers & Related Workers........................................................................97 Announcers ................................................................................................................98 Broadcast & Sound Engineering Technicians & Radio Operators ..............................99 Interpreters and Translators ......................................................................................100 News Analysts, Reporters & Correspondents ............................................................101 Photographers ..........................................................................................................102 Public Relations Specialists........................................................................................103 Television, Video & Motion Picture Camera Operators & Editors ..........................104 Writers & Editors......................................................................................................105 Audiologists ..............................................................................................................106 Chiropractors ............................................................................................................107 Dentists ....................................................................................................................108 Dietitians & Nutritionists ........................................................................................109 Occupational Therapists ..........................................................................................110 Optometrists ..........................................................................................................111 Pharmacists ............................................................................................................112 Physical Therapists ....................................................................................................113 Physician Assistants ..................................................................................................114 Physicians & Surgeons ..............................................................................................115 Podiatrists..................................................................................................................116 Radiation Therapists ................................................................................................117

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Recreational Therapists ............................................................................................118 Registered Nurses ......................................................................................................119 Respiratory Therapists ..............................................................................................120 Speech-Language Pathologists ..................................................................................121 Veterinarians ............................................................................................................122 Athletic Trainers ........................................................................................................123 Cardiovascular Technologists & Technicians ............................................................124 Clinical Laboratory Technologists & Technicians......................................................125 Dental Hygienists......................................................................................................126 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers ............................................................................127 Emergency Medical Technicians & Paramedics ........................................................128 Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses ......................................................129 Medical Records & Health Information Technicians ................................................130 Nuclear Medicine Technologists................................................................................131 Occupational Health & Safety Specialists & Technicians ..........................................132 Opticians, Dispensing ..............................................................................................133 Pharmacy Technicians ..............................................................................................134 Radiologic Technologists & Technicians....................................................................135 Surgical Technologists ..............................................................................................136 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians..................................................................137

Service Occupations ....................................................139 Dental Assistants ......................................................................................................140 Massage Therapists....................................................................................................141 Medical Assistants ....................................................................................................142 Medical Transcriptionists ..........................................................................................143 Nursing, Psychiatric & Home Health Aides..............................................................144 Occupational Therapist Assistants & Aides ..............................................................145 Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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Pharmacy Aides ........................................................................................................146 Physical Therapist Assistants & Aides ......................................................................147 Correctional Officers ................................................................................................148 Firefighting Occupations ..........................................................................................149 Police & Detectives ..................................................................................................150 Private Detectives & Investigators ............................................................................151 Security Guards & Gaming Surveillance Officers......................................................152 Chefs, Cooks & Food Preparation Workers ..............................................................153 Food & Beverage Serving & Related Workers ..........................................................154 Building Cleaning Workers ......................................................................................155 Grounds Maintenance Workers ................................................................................156 Pest Control Workers ................................................................................................157 Animal Care & Service Workers................................................................................158 Barbers, Cosmetologists & Other Personal Appearance Workers ..............................159 Childcare Workers ....................................................................................................160 Fitness Workers ........................................................................................................161 Flight Attendants ......................................................................................................162 Gaming Services Occupations ..................................................................................163 Personal & Home Care Aides ..................................................................................164 Recreation Workers ..................................................................................................165

Sales & Related Occupations ........................................167 Advertising Sales Agents............................................................................................168 Cashiers ....................................................................................................................169 Counter & Rental Clerks ..........................................................................................170 Demonstrators, Product Promoters & Models ..........................................................171 Insurance Sales Agents ..............................................................................................172 Real Estate Brokers & Sales Agents ..........................................................................173

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Retail Salespersons ....................................................................................................174 Sales Engineers ..........................................................................................................175 Sales Representatives, Wholesale & Manufacturing ..................................................176 Sales Worker Supervisors ..........................................................................................177 Securities, Commodities & Financial Services Sales Agents ......................................178 Travel Agents ............................................................................................................179

Office & Administrative Support Occupations ..............181 Bill & Account Collectors ........................................................................................182 Billing & Posting Clerks & Machine Operators........................................................183 Bookkeeping, Accounting & Auditing Clerks ..........................................................184 Gaming Cage Workers ..............................................................................................185 Payroll & Timekeeping Clerks ..................................................................................186 Procurement Clerks ..................................................................................................187 Tellers........................................................................................................................188 Brokerage Clerks ......................................................................................................189 Credit Authorizers, Checkers & Clerks ....................................................................190 Customer Service Representatives..............................................................................191 File Clerks ................................................................................................................192 Hotel, Motel & Resort Desk Clerks..........................................................................193 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll & Timekeeping ..................................194 Interviewers ..............................................................................................................195 Library Assistants, Clerical ........................................................................................196 Order Clerks ............................................................................................................197 Receptionists & Information Clerks..........................................................................198 Reservation & Transportation Ticket Agents & Travel Clerks ..................................199 Cargo & Freight Agents ............................................................................................200 Couriers & Messengers ............................................................................................201 Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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Dispatchers ..............................................................................................................202 Meter Readers, Utilities ............................................................................................203 Postal Service Workers ..............................................................................................204 Production, Planning & Expediting Clerks ..............................................................205 Shipping, Receiving & Traffic Clerks ........................................................................206 Stock Clerks & Order Fillers ....................................................................................207 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers & Samplers, Recordkeeping ....................................208 Communications Equipment Operators ..................................................................209 Computer Operators ................................................................................................210 Data Entry & Information Processing Workers ........................................................211 Desktop Publishers....................................................................................................212 Office & Administrative Support Worker Supervisors & Managers ..........................213 Office Clerks, General ..............................................................................................214 Secretaries & Administrative Assistants ....................................................................215

Farming , Fishing & Forestry Occupations ......................217 Agricultural Workers ................................................................................................218 Fishers & Fishing Vessel Operators ..........................................................................219 Forest, Conservation & Logging Workers ................................................................220

Construction Trades & Related Workers ......................221 Boilermakers ............................................................................................................222 Brickmasons, Blockmasons & Stonemasons ..............................................................223 Carpenters ................................................................................................................224 Carpet, Floor & Tile Installers & Finishers ..............................................................225 Cement Masons, Concrete Finishers, Segmental Pavers & Terrazzo Workers ............226 Construction & Building Inspectors ........................................................................227 Construction Equipment Operators..........................................................................228

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Construction Laborers ..............................................................................................229 Drywall Installers, Ceiling Tile Installers & Tapers....................................................230 Electricians................................................................................................................231 Elevator Installers & Repairers ..................................................................................232 Glaziers ....................................................................................................................233 Hazardous Materials Removal Workers ....................................................................234 Insulation Workers ....................................................................................................235 Painters & Paperhangers ..........................................................................................236 Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters & Steamfitters ........................................................237 Plasterers & Stucco Masons ......................................................................................238 Roofers......................................................................................................................239 Sheet Metal Workers ................................................................................................240 Structural & Reinforcing Iron & Metal Workers ......................................................241

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations ..........243 Computer, Automated Teller & Office Machine Repairers........................................244 Electrical & Electronics Installers & Repairers ..........................................................245 Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers & Repairers ..........................246 Radio & Telecommunications Equipment Installers & Repairers..............................247 Aircraft & Avionics Equipment Mechanics & Service Technicians............................248 Automotive Body & Related Repairers......................................................................249 Automotive Service Technicians & Mechanics ..........................................................250 Diesel Service Technicians & Mechanics ..................................................................251 Heavy Vehicle & Mobile Equipment Service Technicians & Mechanics ..................252 Small Engine Mechanics ..........................................................................................253 Coin, Vending & Amusement Machine Servicers & Repairers..................................254 Heating, Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Mechanics & Installers ........................255 Home Appliance Repairers........................................................................................256 Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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Industrial Machinery Mechanics & Maintenance Workers ......................................257 Line Installers & Repairers ........................................................................................258 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General ..............................................................259 Millwrights................................................................................................................260 Precision Instrument & Equipment Repairers ..........................................................261

Production Occupations ..............................................263 Assemblers & Fabricators ..........................................................................................264 Food Processing Occupations....................................................................................265 Computer-Control Programmers & Operators ........................................................266 Machinists ................................................................................................................267 Machine Setters, Operators & Tenders—Metal & Plastics ........................................268 Tool & Die Makers ..................................................................................................269 Welding, Soldering & Brazing Workers ....................................................................270 Bookbinders & Bindery Workers ..............................................................................271 Prepress Technicians & Workers................................................................................272 Printing Machine Operators......................................................................................273 Textile, Apparel & Furnishings Occupations ............................................................274 Woodworkers ............................................................................................................275 Power Plant Operators, Distributors & Dispatchers..................................................276 Stationary Engineers & Boiler Operators ..................................................................277 Water & Liquid Waste Treatment Plant & System Operators ..................................278 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers & Weighers ....................................................279 Jewelers & Precious Stone & Metal Workers ............................................................280 Medical, Dental & Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians ..........................................281 Painting & Coating Workers, Except Construction & Maintenance ........................282 Photographic Process Workers & Processing Machine Operators..............................283 Semiconductor Processors ........................................................................................284

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Transportation & Material Moving Occupations............285 Aircraft Pilots & Flight Engineers ............................................................................286 Air Traffic Controllers ..............................................................................................287 Bus Drivers ..............................................................................................................288 Taxi Drivers & Chauffeurs ........................................................................................289 Truck Drivers & Driver/Sales Workers......................................................................290 Rail Transportation Occupations ..............................................................................291 Water Transportation Occupations............................................................................292 Material Moving Occupations ..................................................................................293

Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces ........................295 Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces ....................................................................296

Appendix: More Job Information on the Web ..............297 Index of Job Titles ......................................................313

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INTRODUCTION

This book is designed to help you explore a wide variety of jobs. This is important because your career choice is one of the most important decisions you will make in life. This book includes descriptions for 269 major jobs. The job descriptions answer questions such as these: • What do people in this job do all day? • What training or education will I need to do the job? • How much does the job pay? • Will the job be in demand in the future? • What classes should I take now to prepare me for this job? • What jobs are related to this one? The information in this book is based on another book called the Occupational Outlook Handbook (the OOH ). The OOH is published by the U.S. Department of Labor and is the most widely used source of career information available. Like the OOH, the Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook groups similar jobs together. This makes it easy to explore related jobs you might not know about. Because the job descriptions in the OOH are more detailed than the ones in this book, you can refer to the OOH for more information on jobs that interest you.

Tips to Identify Jobs That Interest You The table of contents lists all the jobs in this book, arranged into groups of similar jobs. Look through the list and choose one or more of the job groups that sound most interesting to you. Make a list of the jobs that interest you, and then read the descriptions for those jobs.

The Information in Each Job Description Each job description in this book uses the same format. They all include eight sections:

On the Job: This section has a short description of the duties and working conditions for the job. Subjects to Study: Here you’ll find some high school courses that will help you prepare for the job.

Discover More: This section has an activity you can do to learn more about the job, or a place to go for more information.

Related Jobs: This section lists similar jobs you can consider. Something Extra: This box has interesting, fun facts or stories related to the job.

Education & Training: This section tells you the education and training levels most employers expect for someone starting out in the job. Almost all jobs now require a high school diploma, so we do not include “high school graduate” as an option. Instead, we list the additional training or education the average high school graduate needs to get the job. Here are the abbreviations we’ve used for the levels of training and education: Short-term OJT = On-the-job training that lasts up to six months. Moderate-term OJT = On-the-job training that lasts up to a year. Long-term OJT = On-the-job training that lasts up to two or more years. Work experience = Work experience in a related job.

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Voc/tech training = Formal vocational or technical training received in a school, apprenticeship, or cooperative education program or in the military. This training can last from a few months to two or more years and may combine classroom training with on-the-job experience. Associate degree = A two-year college degree. Bachelor’s degree = A four-year college degree. Master’s degree = A bachelor’s degree plus one or two years of additional education. Doctoral degree = A master’s degree plus two or more years of additional education. Professional degree = Typically, a bachelor’s degree plus two or more years of specialized education (for example, education to be an attorney, physician, or veterinarian). Plus sign (+) = The plus sign indicates that you need work experience in a related job as well as formal education. For example, “Bachelor’s degree +” means that you need a bachelor’s degree plus work experience in a related job.

Earnings: Dollar signs represent the approximate range of average earnings for a job. $ $$ $$$ $$$$ $$$$$

= = = = =

$19,000 or less per year $19,001 to $25,000 per year $25,001 to $30,000 per year $30,001 to $55,000 per year $55,001 or more per year

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Job Outlook: This tells you whether the job is likely to employ more or fewer people in the future. Declining = Employment is expected to decrease. Little change = Employment is expected to remain about the same or increase as much as 8%. Average increase = Employment is expected to increase from 9% to 17%. Above-average increase = Employment is expected to increase from 18% to 26%. Rapid increase = Employment is expected to increase by 27% or more.

Using the Earnings and Job Outlook Information A

re lower earnings “bad” and higher earnings “good”? Is rapid growth in a job better than slow growth or a decline? Many people do not consider jobs if the jobs have low earnings or are not projected to grow rapidly. But we think you should look at earnings and growth as just two of several factors when you consider your job options. Here is some advice for looking at these important measures.

Earnings Information Median earnings for an adult worker in the United States are about $29,000 a year. A four-year college graduate has median earnings about $17,000 more than that per year. There is a clear connection between earnings and education, and it goes like this: The more you learn, the more you are likely to earn. But information on earnings can be misleading. Some people earn much more than the average, even in “low-paying” jobs. For example, some waiters and waitresses earn more than $50,000 a year, although the 4

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average earnings for these jobs are much lower. Likewise, some high school graduates earn much more than the average for four-year college graduates. Earnings also vary widely for similar jobs with different employers or in different parts of the country. Finally, young workers usually earn a lot less than the average because they have less work experience than the average worker in the same job. This book presents earnings information for the “average” person in the job. But you should remember that half of all people in any job earn more than average, and half earn less. So don’t eliminate a job that interests you based only on its average pay.

Job Outlook Information The U.S. Department of Labor, a part of the federal government, collects job information from all over the country. The department uses some of this information to guess which jobs are likely to grow and which will decline— and by how much. The most recent information projects job growth for the next six or seven years. Some jobs will grow faster than average. Others will grow slower than average. What’s more, some jobs are likely to employ fewer people in six years than they do now. But, as with earnings, job growth should be only one of the things you consider in planning your career. For example, jobs that employ small numbers of people may have rapid growth, but they won’t generate nearly as many new jobs as a slow-growing but large field like “cashier.” Don’t eliminate jobs that interest you simply because they are not growing quickly. Even jobs that are “declining” will have some new openings for talented people because workers leave the field for retirement or other jobs.

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Some Things to Consider Choosing your career is one of the most important decisions of your life. By exploring career options now, you will be better prepared to make good decisions later. Here are some things you should consider: Your Interests: Think about what interests you. Your hobbies, school subjects you like or do well in, sports and clubs, home and family chores, volunteer activities, and other things can be clues to possible careers. For example, if you play an instrument or like to listen to music, you might think about a job in the music industry. Your Values: It is important to look for a job that lets you do something you believe in. For example, if you want to help people, you will be happier in a job that allows you to do that. Or you may be able to find a hobby or volunteer job that lets you do this outside of your job. Either way, it’s worth thinking about. Education and Training: How much education or training are you willing to get? Most of the better-paying jobs today require training or education beyond high school. And more and more jobs require computer skills, technical training, or other specialized skills. It’s true that more education often results in more and better job opportunities. So you might want to consider getting a four-year degree or technical training after high school. For now, you should consider any job that interests you, even if you aren’t sure whether you can afford the training or education required. If you really want to do something, you can find a way. Earnings: What you earn at your job is important because it defines what kind of lifestyle you can afford. Higher-paying jobs usually require higher levels of training or education and/or higher levels of responsibility. Working Conditions: Would you like to work in an office or outside? Would you rather work by yourself or as part of a group? Do you want to be in charge? What kinds of people would you like to work with? These are just some of the things to consider in planning your career.

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Satisfaction: You will spend hundreds of hours working each year, and you will be happier if you are doing work you enjoy and are good at. Your interests and values can give you important clues to possible jobs. Skills: What skills do you have? What skills do you need to get the jobs you want? What skills can you learn or improve with more training or education? The skills you have already—and the skills you can develop in the future— are important parts of making good career decisions. Self-Employment: Did you know that 8 percent of all workers are selfemployed or own their own businesses today? Head to the library and you’ll find lots of books and other sources of information on this topic. If selfemployment appeals to you, don’t let anyone tell you “you’re too young.” Check it out!

Getting More Information As you can see, there are a lot of things to consider in planning your career or job options. This book can help you find the jobs that interest you. But when you’re done here, you’ll want to get more information. After you decide which jobs interest you, here are some places to learn more: Check out the Occupational Outlook Handbook: The OOH has more thorough descriptions for each of the jobs in this book, so you should start there. It’s available in the reference section of your library or at your local bookstore. Visit the Library: You can find the OOH and many other career books, magazines, and other resources at most libraries. Ask your librarian for help in finding what you want. Talk to People: Find people who work in jobs that interest you and “interview” them. Ask what they like and don’t like about the job, how to get started, what education or training you need, and other details.

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The Internet: You can find a lot of career information online. Throughout this book you will find suggested Web sites to visit. In addition, the appendix in the back of the book lists hundreds of useful Web sites as well. Your Teacher: Ask your teacher for ideas on other sources of career information. He or she might be able to help you find more information in your school library or from other sources. Remember, this book is only the beginning of your search for “the right career.” Don’t rule out any jobs because they seem out of reach or because they don’t pay enough. Follow your dreams, do your homework, and you’ll figure out how to get from here to there. “All our dreams can come true—if we have the courage to pursue them.” Walt Disney

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Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Administrative Services Managers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Administrative services man-

agers work for large and small r day ld winte ow o c a n H businesses and government tionist o door? es a recep of an outside in is h c le agencies. They manage the a b front mforta copy m meetHow co er desk sits in sk should the a e services that keep businesses id rh ut outs ’s de if his o cretary r printer be p e trivial ques- s e s in business including the a far from ld a compute ight seem lik ow a busines u h m o mailroom, food, security, These tors in design be? Sh door? tant fac ess facilities r m o k o r p o o parking, printing, purchasr im w sin re or ing t they a charge of bu nd efficient f u b , s n a ing, and payroll. In large tio s in ble anager mforta y. n a runs. M s that are co p companies, they may manm e co rea work a rofitable for th age other workers. In small ones, they may p ers and be responsible for any or all of these services themselves. Facility managers plan, design, and manage workplace facilities.

Subjects to Study English, math, speech, computer skills, economics, business courses

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Divide your class into groups of four or five. Have each group take a turn planning and directing a class activity. Groups will have to decide what supplies they need for their activity, who will bring them in, and how they will teach the activity. For example, you might teach your classmates to make paper fans or create an assembly line to produce gingerbread houses.

Related Jobs Job Outlook Average increase

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Office and administrative support worker supervisors and managers; cost estimators; property, real estate, and community association managers; purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents; top executives

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

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Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations & Sales Managers On the Job

SO

ME These workers help businesses TH Did you sell their products. Before a ING E X TRA know th 3 at it co 0-seco product ever goes on the sts nea n rly $2,5 about $ d television a 0 d durin assembly line, marketing 80,000 g the S 0,000 to run ing to c per sec uper Bo a onvince ond tha managers decide whether it wl? Tha t comp spendin you to t’ a s b g n u ie y m s th illions o spend will sell and who will buy it. might n tryf dollar eir products. ot even Im s on som agine chips. N se Advertising managers ething ow you e because th th a t pe e m y k ’v n anager decide what type of ads s try so ow why adve e gone to ge ople ti r tm o ti h n (and s a will work best. Promotions keep yo rd to be clev ing and mark ore e eting r u from and sales managers design changin to keep your atteng the c hannel) campaigns to let the public know about . the product. Public relations managers help companies create a good image in the community. All of these managers travel a lot, and job transfers are common.

Subjects to Study English, speech, journalism, art, computer skills, business courses

Discover More The next time you are watching TV or reading a magazine, study the commercials or ads closely. Some are funny, some serious, others just confusing. Are they effective? Do they make you want to buy the products they are promoting? How would you change an ad to make it more effective?

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Related Jobs Actors, producers, and directors; advertising sales agents; artists and related workers; demonstrators, product promoters, and models; market and survey researchers; public relations specialists; sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing; writers and editors Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

11

Computer & Information Systems Managers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Computer and information systems managers plan and direct computer labs in large and small companies and for the government. They hire computer programmers and support specialists. They manage and review the work in a business and help determine salaries. They decide what workers and are needed to do certain jobs, and often they are involved in the upkeep, maintenance, and security of computer networks.

ecuword s e t th r a he d (or a a guar en you h e w b y f a o ink s, m , the window s today orks o you th What d larm, barred g)? In busines tw e a o uter n nies rity? An ean-looking d often to comp m co pa n a m is ic t a r a t e e s ften thr lea . Am curity, o s— security on they store e t s s k e r g o ti m big etw informa eir syste ar on n and the lions each ye ts to “hack ” th s network so mil ntis any ’ spend uter scie into the comp tem’s weak p m o c ys break paying e the s to try to team can se , is t a e th in-hous . that the d correct them equipment n a points

Subjects to Study Math, physics, chemistry, computer science, speech, business courses

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Discover More Take a tour of your school’s computer lab. Does the lab instructor keep the computers in running order, or does the school use an outside contractor for that job? How often are the computers updated? Are they checked regularly for viruses? These are just a few of the questions a computer systems manager must answer.

Related Jobs Job Outlook Above-average increase

12

Computer programmers, computer software engineers, computer systems analysts, computer scientists and database administrators, computer support specialists and systems administrators

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Construction Managers On the Job

SO

ME Construction managers plan TH Did you and direct construction projING E X TRA ever wo r nder ho ials to ects. On small projects, they us w build them. In e? Sometime ers s are responsible for all the th C e envir choose what h ina, for brick fo mateonmen e x am r t decid people, materials, and equipes for less. In construction b ple, builders us ec N ment at a job site. They hire shingle orthern Califo ause much o e stone and f the la d roofs rnia, b n uilders o Mexico and schedule workers, make cannot d is tree, house n houses bec a u s se w u a a s d eo re often obe, w sure materials are delivered hich ke built fro f fire hazard oode . In ps them m mud on time, and oversee the bricks c cool in alled the hot safety of the work site. They often sun. work outdoors, and may be on call 24 hours a day to deal with delays, bad weather, and emergencies.

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, computer skills, drafting, business courses

Discover More Taking shop courses at school, building small projects at home, and apprenticing with a skilled craft worker are some ways you can learn more about the construction industry.

Related Jobs Architects, except landscape and naval; engineers; cost estimators; landscape architects; engineering and natural sciences managers

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

13

Education Administrators On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Education administrators are

like the managers of schools, al’s princip o r u o y e n v colleges, and universities. They d n to ha ice, an isht be fu r, a cushy off in ig m develop programs, monitor m d a it n a think work ye gain! Educatio nings they th n Do you o students’ progress, train nine-m ht? Think a any eve job? A und. M board meetrig o , r s r m teachers, and prepare budga le e l y b big pro rk long days ams or schoo hts, catching r o g ig w ets. They must communicate trators nd school pro ekends and n less array of e d tte w n a e s k t n with parents, students, r n s u o a u m nw ndg ace hey ofte k. And they f ok bags to ha T . s g employers, and the comin or bo paperw k—from lost up on e munity. They might be e w very crises e . school principals, college presidents or rs in locke deans, or school-district superintendents. Many education administrators begin their careers as teachers.

Subjects to Study English, speech, computer skills, statistics, psychology

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

14

Ask the principal or dean at your school if you can “apprentice” with him or her for a day, watching, asking questions, and helping out as needed. Does the workday end when school is out? Will you have to attend evening meetings? Are there aspects of the job you like or dislike?

Related Jobs Administrative services managers; office and administrative support worker supervisors and managers; human resources, training, and labor relations managers and specialists; counselors; librarians; instructional coordinators; teachers—preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary; teachers—postsecondary

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Engineering & Natural Sciences Managers On the Job

SO

ME Engineering and natural sciTH Twenty ence managers plan and direct ING E X TRA years a g a o, the ti lways b research, development, and tl r But in th ought up the e engineering production in large and small image manag e last tw of er women . In fac o decades, th a man in a la almost companies and research labs. t, today e field actively has op b coat. ’s e re ened to They hire engineers, Curren cruiting wom ngineering c o ts en at a ll levels mpanies are all eng tatistics show chemists, and biologists. of ine th women ering and sc e results: Nea employment. They manage and review ience m , althou rly 25 p a g ercent percen the work in a business or of t for all h that’s still b nagers today elow th are occupa e ti ons. averag lab and help determine e of 45 salaries. They also decide what workers and equipment are needed to do certain jobs. Most of them begin their careers as engineers or scientists and work their way up to managerial positions.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, chemistry, shop courses, computer skills, English, speech, business courses

Discover More Ask to shadow your own school lab coordinator for a day or two. What kinds of jobs does he or she perform on a regular basis? This might include supervising other workers and volunteers, keeping track of chemicals and other supplies, and preparing workstations.

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Related Jobs Engineers, mathematicians, agricultural and food scientists, atmospheric scientists, biological scientists, conservation scientists and foresters, chemists and materials scientists, environmental scientists and hydrologists, geoscientists, medical scientists, top executives Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

15

Farmers, Ranchers & Agricultural Managers On the Job EXTRA

Because of the chemicals and equipment used, farming and ranching are dangerous jobs. Farmers on crop farms work dawn to dusk through the growing season to produce the grains, fruits, and vegetables that feed the country. During the rest of the year, many work second jobs. On ranches, animals and watered every day and fences must be inspected regularly. Aquaculture farmers are responsible for raising fish. Farmers and ranchers must also have good business skills, as many of the farms in the United States are still family owned and operated.

S OM E T H

ING

an in re a m tu ic p s . fu g a cow most o er, and erhaps milkin ut others m r a f word r or p urse, b Say the iding a tracto s, of co eorgia tend g in th r s overall mers do those farmers in G in Florida far Fish e m armers plastic So image. is Citrus f er trees with th . it e h f is f ly d ll r d a n rs in th ha es of sm gs covering te Grape growe k la te e g e lar enin t sw ing. cold ev its from freez r just the righ s spend e are a o u f r f e s ape s. Th r at! their r r g e p k e ir a e e k m to st th to e ine alley te oducts m to w Napa V re selling the s there are pr a fo ness be ds of farmers must be fed in k many

Subjects to Study Education & Training Long-term OJT to Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Declining

16

Life sciences, shop courses, math, business, computer skills

Discover More Planting, tending, and harvesting your own vegetable or flower garden is a good way to learn about crop farming. To learn more about animal farming, you could raise a small animal through the 4-H program in your community.

Related Jobs Agricultural and food scientists; agricultural workers; purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Financial Managers On the Job

SO

ME Financial managers work for all TH Manag kinds of businesses. Many ING E X TRA ing a c o m it y. Not o pany ’s work for banks, credit unions, fi you to nly do the com nances is a h manag or insurance companies. uge res p any an e p Someti mes th the money, bu d its employe onsibilThey prepare financial e powe e t s abused th rely on e inve r giv , as wa reports and make sure the s the ca en to financ stors do as w pany b ell. ia se as lo in the b ed in Texas. T with Enron, a fficers gets business pays its taxes and n he an sands o kruptcy of th ir fraudulent energy comhas enough money to operactivity e comp f emplo re an y that wit ate. They watch over the h great ees’ and inve y and the los sulted stors’ s s of tho power avings, ucomes cash flow, manage the p great r espons roving ibility. company’s stocks, and communicate with investors. They also decide whether the business needs to borrow money, lend money, or invest in stocks and bonds.

Subjects to Study Math, English, business courses, accounting, writing, computer skills, speech, foreign languages

Discover More Learn more about investing in the stock market by checking out these sites on the Internet:

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

The Young Investor: www.younginvestor.com Kids’ Money: www.kidsmoney.org

Earnings

EduStock: http://library.thinkquest.org/3088/

$$$$$

Related Jobs Accountants and auditors; budget analysts; financial analysts and personal financial advisors; insurance sales agents; insurance underwriters; loan officers; securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents; real estate brokers and sales agents Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

17

Food Service Managers On the Job EXTRA

Food service managers select and price the food on a restauersity? iv n U r e rant’s menu. They hire and mburg ttend , rld to a d of Ha k r o o a w o e r train workers and manage h e B r ound th in Oak duct ou eve Have y come from ar ining school o r p staffing, payroll, and bookining tra ts nd Studen t mainta advertising a anager u m o b s ’ a keeping. They also oversee ld n , a r McDon ere, they lea ising workers pects of h v s r T a the preparation of food, e weeks, Illinois. iring and sup ir, and other sts two ald’s a h p la , e r g ty order supplies and ingredili t in a n on ain qu me , equip ement. The tr anage a McD y it c li b ents, and make sure the m pu nag lified to ant ma restaur uates are qua restaurant is clean and well ad and gr t. maintained. Many managers work nights an restaur and weekends, often under stressful circumstances.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Math, English, business courses, nutrition, family and consumer sciences, psychology, accounting

Discover More Education & Training Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

The best way to learn about the food industry is to work in it. Consider taking a summer job at a local restaurant waiting tables, busing tables, or washing dishes. If you prefer not to get your hands dirty, you can at least talk to someone who works in a restaurant about what they like best about the job.

Related Jobs Lodging managers, sales worker supervisors, food and beverage serving and related workers

Average increase

18

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Funeral Directors On the Job

SO

ME Funeral directors, also called TH More a morticians or undertakers, ING E X TRA nd mor e d p ays. An prepare bodies for burial or d peop eople are opti deal w le ng for someti ith cremation. When someone cr denber their ashes. “ mes choose u emation thes e ry ’s ash Star Tre nusual dies, they help the family ways to es were k ” crea shuttle; to c 1 r a 9 r G 6 r ied into 0s rock en plan the funeral, prepare the off the space o e Rodicon Ca n the s wrappe lifornia coas Janis Joplin’s obituary notice, and handle pace t; and d John Le were scattere Yoko O as a Christm the paperwork. Most are d n a n no. Per haps th s gift and deli on’s were Hunter licensed embalmers. v e er S. Thom s a cann pson, w trangest of all ed to his wife on! , ho had w Funeral directors are also his ash as author e s blaste businesspeople: They pred out o f pare bills, keep financial records, and hire and manage a staff. Most work long, irregular hours.

Subjects to Study Business courses, English, biology, chemistry, psychology

Discover More Take a class trip to a local funeral home. Ask the director about his or her job: Does the director do much counseling with grieving families? Does he or she also do embalming—preparing bodies for burial? Does the funeral home offer cremation services as well? Has the director had clients who have made unusual requests for their ashes?

Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Social workers, psychologists, physicians and surgeons

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

19

Human Resources, Training & Labor Relations Managers & Specialists On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

These workers find the best employees they can and match those new employees with jobs in their company. They interview job candidates and train new workers. They may travel to college campuses to find the best job applicants. They help to resolve conflicts among workers or workers and management. They also provide some employee training and are concerned with maintaining worker satisfaction.

imyour sw chg in r a e sit mun rview w job inte ack lunch and Would a to you go bring your s rview? ? Would the inte bber flippers u o g y in r ld u u u d r o r h s W o e ic ? c , suit sour pers andw alami s lers, fuzzy slip do. Human re ow up ing a s r u le t c os sh peop me in ople. M e dressed e p you co not, but some f o kinds e com ly Probab s interview all ttire, but som et the attena r e s to g manag riate busines es just m tu s o p c o in appr unbelievable st in almo employer. between n a tion of

Subjects to Study English, business courses, psychology, sociology, communication skills, writing, computer skills, foreign languages

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree to Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Discover More If your school has a conflict-resolution team, volunteer to participate. If it does not, set up a team in your classroom. The team’s job is to help out when two students are involved in a dispute. Team members hear both sides and come up with a fair solution. They might also teach conflict-resolution skills to other students.

Related Jobs Job Outlook Above-average increase

20

Counselors, education administrators, public relations specialists, lawyers, psychologists, social and human service assistants, social workers

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Industrial Production Managers On the Job These workers direct scheduling, staffing, equipment, quality control, and inventory in factories. Their main job is to get goods produced on time and within budget. They decide what equipment and workers to use and in what order. They also monitor the production run to make sure it stays on schedule and to fix any problems that arise.

SOM

ET

XTR HI You ha ve NG E day. Yo to have 10,0 00 ur as your widget painte widgets read y r widget packer. cannot run a by Wednestomorr t ow, bu Y th o e same u r wid t th day. O time n top o e bottoms wo get tops are arriving f that, y n’t be in charge o ur widg double until th e next e ti don’t e ven thin me if they ha t-assembling worker ve to w k abou on wee s ork t as ke assemb nds). You mu king widget w nights (and st ly o whethe line, when to decide the be rkers to work r to ha s r t u way to n e ach ma ve you mu run the chine, st decid your workers and work o e it all manag v by noo er! n. You’ ertime. And re a pr oductio n

A

Subjects to Study Math, English, shop courses, computer skills, business courses

Discover More Plan an assembly-line process for making a craft. How many workers do you need? What materials and equipment will you use? How long will it take to make the item? How much will it cost? These are the questions a manager must answer.

Education & Training Work experience

Earnings

Related Jobs

$$$$$

Engineers, management analysts, operations research analysts

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

21

Lodging Managers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Lodging managers hire, train,

and supervise the people who ons, a eservati tel r p u d work in hotels, motels, and e, mixe too cold—ho luggag s y t’ il g a a in d s th bed-and-breakfast inns. They is a gs on a room hild, m s, A lost c t’s too warm, e kinds of thin ommodation set room rates, handle billing, a cc es room th s deal with th ng with the a hese manorder food and supplies, and o r T , r e s manag omething is w the manager. rs, negotiator s e to oversee the day-to-day operbasis. If sts complain , problem-solv e ts u a g m l ations. Managers who work te lo ho dip rs, too! ust be te m it s s y r b e for hotel chains may organize and staff ag s ba metime and so a new hotel, refurbish an older one, or reorganize one that is not operating well. Most work more than 40 hours a week, often at night and on weekends.

Subjects to Study English, foreign languages, business courses, math, accounting, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Call a local hotel and ask if you can “shadow” the front desk manager for a day. Ask about job responsibilities. What kinds of hours are required? How does the manager handle unpleasant customers? What emergencies has he or she faced in the last year?

Related Jobs Food service managers; sales worker supervisors; property, real estate, and community association managers

Job Outlook Average increase

22

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Medical & Health Services Managers On the Job

SO

ME Medical and health services TH Imagin managers—also called health ING E X TRA e it’s 1 0 o degree f the sta care administrators—plan, s below it to wo ff members o z f your n ero outside, a organize, and supervise the rk. Mos nd half ursing t of the The do ho ctor on e delivery of health care. They call is s lderly residen me can’t ma Whose ke ts h tuc re determine staffing and are saf sponsibility is k in the snow ave the flu. e, it so ager, it fed, and well to make sure mewhere. equipment needs and direct ’s your cared f th e resid job! or? If y the public relations, marou’re th ents e manketing, and finances of hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, and doctor’s offices. They may be in charge of an entire organization or only one department within it. These managers earn high salaries, but they often work long hours.

Subjects to Study Math, English, speech, writing skills, business courses, psychology, health

Discover More To learn more about careers in the health-care field, try volunteering at a local nursing home or hospital in your community. Many have volunteers who read to or visit with patients and make small deliveries.

Related Jobs Insurance underwriters

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

23

Property, Real Estate & Community Association Managers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Property and real estate man-

agers oversee apartment buildound. look ar open a e k ings, rental houses, businesses, mall, ta all that e e at the in charge of r c ’ u la and shopping malls. They sell o p y e ho is urity, r xt time The ne ver wonder w rs provide sec ke sure the empty space to renters, pree ge ma y Did you operty mana ws, and watered. The e r c pare leases, collect rent, and r g P d space? s, hire cleanin e flowers are nts, an a r u ta lb s th handle the bookkeeping. nd re pen light bu mowed and stores a rtable, and o e e r a th s They also make sure the m n o o f law t fr an, com ect ren le ll c o c is o ll property is maintained and als ma ure the make s ss. handle complaints from renters. Commuine for bus nity association managers work for condominium or neighborhood owners’ associations. Many of these managers spend much of their time away from the office.

Subjects to Study Math, English, foreign languages, computer skills, business courses, accounting, shop courses

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

24

Discover More Visit an apartment complex in your community and spend a day with the manager. Ask about the best and worst parts of the job, problems he or she sees in a typical week, and what kind of training you need for this job.

Related Jobs Administrative services managers, education administrators, food service managers, lodging managers, medical and health services managers, real estate brokers and sales agents, urban and regional planners

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Purchasing Managers, Buyers & Purchasing Agents On the Job

SO

ME These workers look for the TH Were y best merchandise at the lowest ING E X TRA ou bor n y to ou a tr shop? price for their employers or endsett er? Buy Do you love the wo the ma rld ers for for resale. They find the best ll? de factorie , attending fa shion s partment stor Are s, and products, negotiate the price, es trave hows, v checkin gle for isiting g l go th and make sure the right arment done, th e best possible ut small bouti q ey can u p e r ic s . The es. A choices str amount is received at the on cloth oll through th nd when their y hago e e w th s racks right time. They study sales er shop , in sto malls and see ork is pers! r e th window eir records and inventory levs, and on els, identify suppliers, and stay aware of changes in the marketplace. Many spend several days a month traveling.

Subjects to Study Math, business courses, economics, English, speech, computer skills

Discover More Think of your family as a business. Help your parents compile a weekly “supplies” list. Then do some comparison-shopping. Call or visit several stores to see who offers the best prices on the things your family needs. Will you save money if you buy in bulk? Should you buy from more than one source? How much can you save using coupons? See how much money you can save your family “business” in one week.

Education & Training Work experience to Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers; food service managers; insurance sales agents; lodging managers; sales engineers; sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Little change

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

25

Top Executives On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Top executives make policies

and direct operations at busiompaailing c f ” g in nesses and government agenf “rescu s. He areer o sands of job im the c a cies. They decide a company’s e d u rned h t ng tho lap ma Al Dun n by eliminati is methods ea ainsaw Al go goals and make plans to meet Ch fte th ll, nies, o ig money, bu ” In the end, tock fe s s ’ them. They meet with other y n l. b A pa earned made a ainsaw is latest com d h a C h “ e o h h executives, boards of direcve is man w nicknam imself. When executi ed the p h ir f to d s e r d tors, government heads, and k o c to go ha irec rd of d thers. Being a rofit. a o b e consultants to talk about o th ap of firing just making n career a things that could affect their business. th ore about m They are responsible for the business’s ultimate success or failure, and so are always under pressure.

Subjects to Study English, business courses, accounting, speech, computer skills, psychology, math

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook

You can learn more about being a leader by running for the student council at your school, taking a leadership position in a club or organization, or helping to plan activities at your school, church, or home.

Related Jobs Administrative services managers; education administrators; financial managers; food service managers; advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers

Average increase

26

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Accountants & Auditors On the Job

SO

ME Accountants and auditors preTH In the 1 pare and check financial ING E X TRA 920s, a C big-talk apone reports and taxes. They work in b and he oasted that h g gangster n a for businesses and banks, the e owne was ne ar d the c med Al bring h ity of C im dow ly right. The government, and individuals. hicago police n—unti the day , see l . Capo Some are self-employed, ne was government a med helpless not for c finally to counta th conv nts running e murders he working as consultants or ordered icted and im saved he plan pris ned, bu o preparing people’s tax t for th r the illegal d oned, e taxes r returns. Most use computers in their he didn ug’t pay. work.

Subjects to Study Math, speech, business courses, economics, computer skills, accounting

Discover More With your teacher’s help, set up a banking system in your classroom. You can earn “class dollars” for good behavior, turning in work on time, and good attendance. You can spend those dollars on items from the “class store” or maybe on speEducation & cial privileges. Keep your bankbook up to date, recordTraining ing each dollar you earn and each one you spend at the Bachelor’s degree class store. At the end of each week, help your teacher perform an “audit” of the class’s earning and spending.

Earnings

Related Jobs

$$$$$

Budget analysts; cost estimators; loan officers; financial analysts and personal financial advisors; tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents; bill and account collectors; bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; computer programmers; computer software engineers; computer support specialists and systems administrators Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

27

Appraisers & Assessors of Real Estate On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Real estate appraisers and assessors estimate the value of all kinds of property, from farmland to shopping centers. Their evaluations are used to help decide property taxes, mortgages, or whether property is a good investment for a client. They spend much of their time and writing reports, but they also get out of the office frequently to do on-site evaluations.

ting as was ac on n o s r e f f million mas Je ent Tho he spent $15 . That id s e r P 3 e way, in 180 r when In som ppraise y the French ippi westward a te ta es wned b Mississ n 500 a real f land o hed from the g to more tha to be o e c ie ap tretc ame untin f land s s, amo chase, as it c piece o ky Mountain t the r u P s iana State a ould oc is R d u e e o it L th n U to w The e of the acres. today it million oubled the siz s purchased d wa known, e same land th time. If on. researching 90 billi cost $3

Subjects to Study English, math, business courses, economics, geography, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

28

Do your own appraisal of your house or apartment building. Write down all of the features you see (such as a garage, fireplace, or patio) and note the condition of both the land and the building. Is the roof in good shape? Does the lawn need work? Write up a report of everything you see that could be improved and show it to a parent or guardian.

Related Jobs Construction and building inspectors; real estate brokers and sales agents; urban and regional planners; claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners and investigators; cost estimators

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Budget Analysts On the Job

SO

ME Budget analysts help businesses TH Severa decide how much money they ING E X TRA l years a g s tories a o, new need in order to run and how sp b What w out the gover apers across best to spend that money. nment as goin the cou buying g n been b $700 to try ran uying it on? The Def They check reports and ense D il ems fro e without t seats ep m the s ch accounts during the year to ame co artment had . price. B ecking to see m panies ud whethe fo r mess, e get analysts make sure the business is were ca it was getting r years, nsuring ll af o th e v d in to a erprice staying within its budget clear u air d toilet t your tax do b p ll s u a ea th ying $4 r and spending its money 00 ham ts again. Ho s won’t be sp e ent on pefully m e r s as well they sto wisely. They also look for . pped ways companies can save money and use it more efficiently.

Subjects to Study Math, business courses, economics, computer skills, statistics, accounting

Discover More Imagine you are starting a business making widgets. Give yourself $10,000 to start, and then decide how to spend the money. Do you need employees? How much will you pay them? What equipment and supplies do you need? Do you have to rent work space? Make a budget for your business. Can you make a profit?

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings

Related Jobs

$$$$$

Accountants and auditors, cost estimators, economists, financial analysts and personal financial advisors, financial managers, loan officers, management analysts

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

29

Claims Adjusters, Appraisers, Examiners & Investigators On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Insurance claims adjusters and

claims investigators check to is used bills. Th kip ir e th make sure that claims filed are rm s y from to the te skipun awa r d le le covered by their company’s p h o s llector ut, whic mes pe Someti ed skipping o gators and co s, telephone policies. Then they decide all esti ffice sto be c nce inv g with post o en que a v r e u s y how much should be paid a In . m tracing ple by checkin reaus. They neighr e m r u o o b l e f and okay the payment. If a seria trace p s, and credit s, and worker s as tracking ie o n c a , p s the claim is not covered, r m e b co rou ily mem be as dange tive skills. m a f n they deny payment. tio ot tiga might n s inves bors. It it still require Appraisers travel to see damaged proput killer, b erty and assess how much the damage is worth. Sometimes investigators check out suspicious or unusual claims for fraud.

Subjects to Study Math, English, computer skills, economics, business courses, accounting, foreign languages, psychology, health

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

30

Ask your parents if they have ever filed a claim on their car, home, life, or health insurance. Find out what they did to file the claim. Did they talk to an adjuster? Was the claim paid? Did their insurance rate go up?

Related Jobs Cost estimators; bill and account collectors; medical records and health information technicians; billing and posting clerks and machine operators; credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks; bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; construction and building inspectors; accountants and auditors; private detectives and investigators; automotive body and related repairers

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Cost Estimators On the Job

SO

ME When a company is thinking TH A comp about developing a new prodING E X TRA any ca ll e v alue of d a cos uct, the owner needs to know t a load The ma of scra estimator to e p copp how much it will cost to pronager stimate er wa trouble th with th rned the estim in the Mojave e duce. What new machinery e job. W site, he Desert. ator th at he u will be needed? How much ing suc nderstood wh n the estimato he might hav e h prob y. The c lem ompan r arrived on and pu will materials cost? How y had b t the co s with thieve een ha s, it ha pp thrown many workers will be vd dug in a bu er inside. The a h n n uge pit p c , e h f r. The e o o r f s hired? A cost estimator r e a curity, it ttlesnak stimato guess, e and hig r peered into s on top of th had finds the least-expensive h-tailed e th it home e pit, made h copway to make the best ! is best product. Cost estimators decide what supplies to use, find the best prices, estimate labor costs, and report back to the owner.

Subjects to Study Math, computer skills, business courses, English, economics, statistics

Discover More Plan a business making birdhouses from craft sticks. Decide how many you will make, then find the total cost of producing them. Include all your building materials (craft sticks, glue, and paint, for example), supplies (how about a hot-glue gun?), and labor costs (what you pay your helpers). How much must you charge for your birdhouses to make a profit?

Related Jobs Accountants and auditors, budget analysts, economists, financial analysts and personal financial advisors, insurance underwriters, loan officers, market and survey researchers, operations research analysts Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

31

Financial Analysts & Personal Financial Advisors On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Financial analysts help busi-

nesses decide how to invest people . Most g in m ti is their money safely and wisely. tter of w low n a ma , but ho er after te h f o ig h Many are employed full-time is ll igh vesting and se even h ajor s m e o e Wise in rule buy low g d a by the companies they advise; e if high ople who m know th gh, and what pe that a e e s r o a others work as consultants, w th u a o low en ld it? Imagine r of 1929, un own, ultid o e e s helping many different comimagin eptemb rashing you’ve nts in S ld all come c ression. Now r and e tm s panies. Personal financial e o p inv wou reat De inancial advis ir life G later it e th th n f o e advisors provide the same m th g in nal resultin eing a perso hould do with b s mately f y kinds of services to indio e t th ssure lse wha e the pre e n o viduals. Many personal some telling advisors are self-employed. These workers ! s saving often put in more than 40 hours a week and may teach classes and seminars as well.

Subjects to Study Math, English, business courses, accounting, computer skills, economics, foreign languages

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

32

Discover More A good way to learn about investing is to do it yourself. Look through the financial pages of your newspaper or the Wall Street Journal. Pick two or three stocks—ones that look like safe investments or ones that seem to be growing. Pretend that you’ve invested $1,000 in each, then track them for a month. Will you make money or lose it?

Related Jobs Accountants and auditors; financial managers; insurance sales agents; real estate brokers and sales agents; securities, commodities, and financial services sales representatives

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Insurance Underwriters On the Job

SO

ME How much should an insurTH Are you ance company charge for ING E X TRA a “high u -risk ” d nder 2 insurance? That depends on riv 1 Here’s , your insuran er—or will y ou be? why. U how likely a customer is to c e com nderwr from a iters lo pany probab If you’re ll over have an accident. Using ok at a ly think the cou most li ccid s so. ntr kely to national statistics, underbe invo y to decide w ent statistics informa lv h ich driv ed in a tion to cc er cr People writers decide whether a under 2 eate a profile idents. They u s are s 1 o h e th f ig an a highhest ris person applying for insurrisk driv is k group d those over r e 70 are d sports er. s. ance is a good risk. They two of car—ju It also won’t the help if st so yo also help the company you driv u know . ea decide how much to charge. If they set the rates too low, the company will lose money. Too high, and the company will lose business to competitors.

Subjects to Study Math, statistics, economics, English, business courses, accounting

Discover More Talk with an insurance agent in your community. Ask about the company’s rates. Are rates higher for those under 21? Are there other groups the company considers high-risk? Do people who live downtown pay higher rates than those in the suburbs? Are rates higher for people who own sports cars or minivans? Why?

Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Accountants and auditors; actuaries; budget analysts; cost estimators; financial analysts and personal financial advisors; financial managers; loan officers; insurance sales agents; claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training

Job Outlook Little change

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

33

Loan Officers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

When you apply for a loan, you

must provide information on n to go you pla if o s your work, your assets and r, chools, roery yea p rises ev eed a loan. S n n a debts, and your credit rating. io lo it n ve st of tu obably rnment all ha ee college r p The co ll ’ u A loan officer will meet with ften s ge, yo l gove to colle d the federa oan officers o assumption you and help you fill out the n L a e . banks, students ents under th t good jobs lp e h e tm to application. Then he or she d inves aduate and g s). grams r as goo n g a ts l il n lo e looks through your informaw ir d stu the ents y back se stud a o p th t to a tion and helps the bank decide th ble us be a (and th whether to loan you the money; that is, the loan officer tries to predict whether or not you will pay it back.

Subjects to Study Math, accounting, English, speech, computer skills, business courses, psychology

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Ask for a loan application from your parents’ bank or credit union. Fill it out completely, including all of your sources of income, your savings, and your debts. Are you a good credit risk? Would you loan yourself money? Will your parents loan you money? And at what interest rate?

Related Jobs Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents; financial analysts and personal financial advisors; real estate brokers and sales agents; insurance sales agents

Job Outlook Little change

34

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Management Analysts On the Job

SO

ME Companies hire management TH Do you analysts to solve problems. ING E X TRA have w h c at it tak onsulta The work varies with each n e for a b ts are self-em s to be a con usiness sultant? client and from project to p loyed. , he M solve a T problem lping manag hey work on c any project. When a managee o is done r , they m or make a pr s find the be ntract ment team realizes there is a st o o must b e detail ve on to the duct. When th way to next cli -oriente e a little problem, it may call in a ent. Co ir work d, inde opinion nsultan p a e th te n de eir own d. They consultant to collect and . also sh nt, and more ts o tha uld enjo review information, figure y workin n g on out where and why the problem is happening, and decide how to fix it. The job may require frequent traveling. Some management analysts work for consulting firms. Others are self-employed consultants.

Subjects to Study English, math, business courses, economics, accounting, journalism, speech

Discover More Many consultants are self-employed. Interview people you know who are self-employed. How do they find their clients? Do they advertise? What do they like and dislike about being self-employed?

Related Jobs

Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings

Accountants and auditors; budget analysts; cost estimators; financial analysts and personal financial advisors; operations research analysts; economists; market and survey researchers; administrative services managers; financial managers; human resources, training, and labor relations managers and specialists; top executives

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training

$$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

35

Meeting & Convention Planners On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

These planners are responsible

for ensuring that meetings and is one people e lv n e e tw conventions come off without m f ten or a monu end tt eting o onvention is e a m a hitch. They coordinate every le p a ating uge c on peo Coordin planning a h ll over a milli ew cars are detail: arranging speakers and ut we e re n thing, b or example, w, whe onventions ar o h S locations, acquiring the necF to . Au e hc tal task ar. Suc ut also for th hicago e C y l g a u in essary equipment, and dealy the ann d for the com e attendees, b re than happ e o s th a m r t. c o e ing with any problems that a f w r e t o a n d sh o importa staurants wh es to sleep an ly n o t e may arise. They interact with no nd r ith plac otels a eople w p area h e s a variety of people and must have good o ide th to prov communication skills. The job is fast paced and requires a great deal of energy and sharp organization skills.

Subjects to Study English, math, business courses, speech, foreign languages

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

Ask your teacher whether you can plan the next class function, or ask your parents whether you can plan their next party or social event. Draw up a schedule of activities and a list of resources you will need (food, beverages, entertainment, decorations). Coordinate every aspect of the event from the guest list to name tags and see whether you can plan a successful gathering.

Related Jobs Food service managers; actors, producers, and directors; travel agents

Above-average increase

36

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Tax Examiners, Collectors & Revenue Agents On the Job

SO

ME Tax examiners, collectors, and TH As far revenue agents work for the ING E X TRA back a s a c n ollectin federal, state, and local govg taxes cient Egypt, g . Most Torah, overnm a the Bib ernments. They review tax le, and ncient books, ents have bee taxes. S n Hin includin ome kin returns to make sure people g the from ta gs colle du Sutras, m e x c n p te ti a o d y n payin ers; late animals and businesses are paying jewels. g r gov , cro To checks, day, the IRS a ernments dem ps, or slaves the right amount, send ccepts c anded m gold or no she harge cards, notices to those who have ep or c or elec oney orders, tronic f orn! p e rsona und tra made mistakes, and track nsfers— l but down those who are trying to avoid taxes altogether. Most work 40-hour weeks, except during tax season when overtime is common.

Subjects to Study Math, business courses, accounting, computer skills, English, foreign languages

Discover More From January until April, your local library stocks tax forms of all kinds. Pick up a 1040 EZ form and ask your parents or a teacher to help you fill it out based on your allowance or job earnings. Read through all of the deductions carefully—you never know which ones you will qualify for!

Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Accountants and auditors, budget analysts, cost estimators, financial analysts and personal financial advisors, financial managers, loan officers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training

Job Outlook Little change

Management & Business & Financial Operations Occupations

37

Professional & Related Occupations

Actuaries On the Job EXTRA

Actuaries analyze risk. Most of them design insurance plans ries , actua r e c n a r that will help their company u o suits. F e of ins owledg nesses in law d lifetime n k make a profit. They study stair e xpecte ert wit e of th Becaus called as exp fy about the e or killed in an tistics and social trends to n sti d are ofte they might te disable how s a e w in decide how much money an o m , r h le te diexamp of a person w d to de ust pay the in e s u is s y insurance company should earning This testimon e company m c t. n n a r e u charge for an insurance polid s c ac n in oney a m h c u icy. They then predict the amount of m y. s famil vidual’ money an insurance company will have to pay to its customers for claims. Some actuaries are self-employed and work as consultants.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Math, English, calculus, accounting, computer science

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

40

Professional & Related Occupations

Take a survey in your class. How many of your classmates have broken a bone or sprained an ankle? How many have stayed overnight in a hospital? How many have had their tonsils or appendix removed? Now separate the answers by boys and girls. Which group has had more medical emergencies? That’s the group you would charge more for insurance.

Related Jobs Accountants and auditors, budget analysts, economists, market and survey researchers, financial analysts and personal financial advisors, insurance underwriters, mathematicians, statisticians

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Computer Programmers On the Job

SO

ME Computer programmers write, TH Do you update, test, and maintain the ING E X TRA like to p P lay com ro Skate software that makes computp ever wo r, The Sims, o uter games li ke Tony ers work. They provide r mayb nder w e h Hawk’s compu ter pro o makes up g Final Fantasy detailed, step-by-step gramm ? a m puter g D id you es like ers. am these? instructions for the comCoast— e publishers Programmers It ’ s — w w to old g riting new ga many of them ork for computer. If the software does m a o big hit. mes, all of th es and addin n the West not produce the desired em hop g new tw ing to c result, the programmer reate th ists e next must correct the errors until the program works effectively. Some may work nights so that the computers are available to businesses during the day.

Subjects to Study Computer science, math, physics, electronics

Discover More The image you see on a computer monitor is made up of thousands of tiny dots. Color monitors use red, green, and blue dots. Use a magnifying glass to look at the screen, or use a drop of water to act like a lens. Get a tiny drop of water on your finger tip and touch it to your computer screen. (Be careful not to drip!) Do you see the dots?

Related Jobs Computer software engineers, computer scientists and database administrators, computer systems analysts, mathematicians, engineers, statisticians, operations research analysts

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Professional & Related Occupations

41

Computer Scientists & Database Administrators On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Computer scientists work as

researchers and inventors. base as data b jo g h in c Some work for universities, u w as no s test-gro ew, there w ne of the fas n , o o s while others work for research g a is years is is o ology Just 30 ator. Today, th use the techn unger workcompanies. Many work on tr ca yo adminis e U.S. And be ide open for rs io n e s cutting-edge technology such l w th is oo jobs in igh sch S. workforce nt field h e s m ’ y y a lo . p as virtual reality or robot f the U y of tod the em ct, man e than most o a f In design. Database adminis. s or er know m y d a e trators find ways to organize and store alr rs. ompute about c data. They work with large companies, maintaining the security and integrity of their computer networks. They work primarily in offices or laboratories.

Subjects to Study Computer science, math, shop and technology courses, statistics

Discover More Education & Training Associate degree to Doctoral degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook

What kinds of information backup systems does your school use? Ask your computer lab or media center specialist to show you the ways they store the information in the school’s computers. Some back up the information onto other computers, but many simply use writable CDs or Zip disks to store material.

Related Jobs Computer programmers, computer software engineers, computer and information systems managers, engineers, mathematicians, statisticians

Rapid increase

42

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Computer Software Engineers On the Job

SO

ME Computer software engineers TH Have y do research, design computers ING E X TRA ou hea r d p o ainful c and programs, and find new onditio f carpal tunn el synd n that o becom e inflam ro ways to use them in business. c ed. The curs when ten me? It’s a people dons in who do syndro They may identify problems me the wris How do lo t you av ts of work usin is common a in business, science, and oid car a split m ong pal tun g computer k keyboa ne rd eyboar while y engineering and then design ds. ou type or resting yo l syndrome? T u . r r y using lo M w ng per o r specialized computer softs is t ts im on portant, iods of time, b if you m a support ware to solve those probe sure ust typ to take frequen e for lems. This kind of work can result in t break s. eyestrain, backaches, and hand and wrist problems.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, computer science, communication skills, shop and technology courses

Discover More Did you know your computer gives out radio waves? Try this experiment and see. Get a small radio and set it on AM. Turn it on and find a spot between stations so that you just receive static. Now turn the radio up high and put it next to your computer. You should hear sounds from your computer on the radio!

Related Jobs Computer systems analysts, computer scientists and database administrators, computer programmers, computer support specialists and systems administrators, statisticians, mathematicians, engineers, actuaries

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Professional & Related Occupations

43

Computer Support Specialists & Systems Administrators On the Job EXTRA

What happens when a company’s computers suddenly y to ompan c a in begin crashing? They call in puters rs can the com sing compute mmunill a s the support specialist, the k o su king lin ple to c worker o t r e a p jo th a Networ s o w m troubleshooters of the como allo and a other s ers one an rmation. It als convenience e work r o m puter world. These workers o d r f n trade in -mail—a majo y. As more a ted trad s a w is a e d find and fix problems for e ated cate by businesses to nd more tim a en estim e r e o e f b r o s y businesses and individual r a r m h th e, wo ossip. It er year due to d onlin g e k d n n e li a th e , computer owners. Systems ar es on p ail and es, recip lose $54 billi to e-m d ing jok te s administrators help comla ie e vity r mpan that co orker producti panies decide what kind of w lack of system they need; then they design, install, t. Interne and support the organization’s computer network. They may work overtime if problems arise.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Math, physics, computer science, shop and technology courses

Education & Training Associate degree to Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

Discover More Call the tech support hotline for a computer company. (Ask your parents first; these calls may cost money, and many are long-distance.) Ask how the support person can fix a computer problem over the phone.

Related Jobs Computer programmers, computer software engineers, computer systems analysts, computer scientists and database administrators

Rapid increase

44

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Computer Systems Analysts On the Job

SO

ME Computer systems analysts are TH Compu primarily responsible for ING E X TRA ter softw o are an utdated assessing and meeting the dh lifespan almost as soo ardware ofte technology needs of other n n as yo for a p u buy it becomes ersona nearly l comp 6,000 . The a businesses. They help busiuter is compu Califor two yea verage ters be n ia a come o lone. C rs, and nesses and organizations be awa bsole omp re of th ese cha uter systems a te every day keep b decide what computer sysin n usiness n es on th ges in techno alysts have to tems will best help them logy so e cuttin g edge they ca . n grow or solve their problems. They often set up and test the new technology as well.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, computer science, business courses, shop and technology courses

Discover More Research the specifications and features of your computer at school or at home. How fast is the processor? How much RAM does it have? How big is the hard drive? What operating system is it running? Now compare it to one of the more expensive computers that just came on the market to see how outdated it is.

Related Jobs Computer programmers, computer software engineers, computer and information systems managers, computer scientists and database administrators, engineers, mathematicians, statisticians, operations research analysts

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

45

Mathematicians On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Mathematicians work in two areas: theory and applications. Theoretical mathematicians look for relationships between new math principles and old ones. This can help in science and engineering. Applied mathematicians use math to solve problems in business, government, and life. Many mathematicians teach at colleges and universities.

me? you na n a c s atician t John mathem ? How abou odern s u o m ewton any fa f the m e film How m s? Sir Isaac N the creator o f th a r s bject o o schizoPythag ash? Nash wa s and the su o had ls ic a N rm s h o e s n b a o For ess. Du ly, N of ec ln te il y a r e n o th e tu r game th l Mind. Unfo years battling tom of Fine tifu ny u a Phan a m e t B won A as the spen n d w n o a hantom y. n p k ia e n s e a th r w ph ter, eor he rsity. La t time, ame th ing tha inceton Unive mics for his g o Pr Hall at l Prize in Econ everyday e b the No

Subjects to Study Algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, logic, computer science, physics, statistics

Discover More Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Declining

46

Professional & Related Occupations

To try your hand at some fun and challenging math activities, visit the MathCats at www.mathcats.com, or the Galileo gallery of math puzzles at www.galileo.org/ math/puzzles.html.

Related Jobs Actuaries; statisticians; computer programmers; computer systems analysts; computer scientists and database administrators; computer software engineers; operations research analysts; teachers—postsecondary; teachers— preschool, kindergarten, middle, elementary, and secondary; engineers; economists; market and survey researchers; financial analysts and personal financial advisors; physicists and astronomers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Operations Research Analysts On the Job

SO

ME Operations research analysts TH Airlines help businesses operate effiING E X TRA are fam o ous for n time, ciently by applying matheb for fligh operations re eing late. To search help th matical principles to ts and em sta an m passen y gers fly aintenance, e alysts set up problems. First, analysts schedu ing at d stimate much f le iffe s ue the num define and study the probber of sider h l is needed fo rent times, an ow ma r d e d a e c cid h ny fligh can see lem. Next, they gather ts an a flight. When y e how what a ir li n o b e n ig job th runs ea ou cone ever information by talking gets an ch day, at is. T h y where y with people and choosing on time e wonder is th ou ! at anywhich mathematical model they will use. Finally, they present their findings and recommendations to the company’s management.

Subjects to Study Math, statistics, computer skills, English, communication skills, logic, business courses

Discover More Take a walk through your school building. Now, using graph paper, make a map of the building, including all the classrooms, offices, restrooms, cafeteria, and exits. Using your map, plot the most direct, effective way to deliver mail to each classroom and office. Then plot the most efficient exit route from each classroom.

Related Jobs Computer systems analysts, computer scientists and database administrators, computer programmers, engineers, mathematicians, statisticians, economists, market and survey researchers, computer and information systems managers, management analysts Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Professional & Related Occupations

47

Statisticians On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Statisticians collect information

from surveys and experiments. is safe dicine e m le p w o They decide where and how to er a ne ther pe ll wheth pany tell whe es the te r gather the information, who to c a com n a do How do answer How ca e? How can an another? e h T to survey, and what questions crib t rate? eys re th to pres uct mo unemploymen agency surv s d o r to ask. They use the informap e An e like on formula now th s is statistics. th k a t n m e s m tion they collect to make n se govern badly to questio , and u f these s the answers ndents reacts o predictions about the econll a to o e b. compil ntage of resp , jo le a p s o omy or to assess various pe ce r ha hat per duct, o to tell w e, likes a pro social problems. This helps business and in a medic government leaders make decisions. Because computers play such a big role in collecting and analyzing data, statisticians need to know as much about computers as they do about math.

Subjects to Study Math, algebra, statistics, economics, business courses, sciences, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Little change

48

Professional & Related Occupations

The next time you go to a sporting event like a football or baseball game, take a notebook and pen with you. Try to keep track of the statistics of one team or of key players. At the end of the game, add up your figures and provide a summary of the team’s or players’ performance.

Related Jobs Mathematicians, operations research analysts, computer systems analysts, computer scientists and database administrators, computer programmers, computer software engineers, engineers, economists, market and survey researchers, computer and information systems managers, management analysts Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Architects, Except Landscape & Naval On the Job

SO

ME Architects design buildings and TH Archite other structures. They make ING E X TRA cture c a n p b le, the sure buildings are functional, bell tow e a tricky bu siness. city of e r for a c Tak Pis safe, and economical. They began a. Before it w ertain cathed e, for examas even to lean ra draw plans of every part of a —whic comple l in the Italian kinked. h is wh te T d (in 1 h e y th Lea building, including the 174), it for mo re than ning Tower of e top section is still Pisa ha 800 ye neers a plumbing and electrical sysar s re still finding s now, and a been leaning tems. They also help rchitectu new wa ys to ke ra ep it pr l engichoose a building site and decide opped up! what materials to use. Most architects today use computers in their work, and many are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Math, English, drawing courses, drafting, computer science, shop and technology courses

Discover More What does your dream house look like? Using graph paper, draw a room-by-room floor plan of your ideal home. Include all the elements you would like—maybe a fireplace, an exercise room, a game room, or a spa. Don’t forget the practical rooms—everyone needs a kitchen and a bath!

Related Jobs Construction managers, landscape architects, engineers, urban and regional planners, interior designers, commercial and industrial designers, graphic designers

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

49

Landscape Architects On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Landscape architects make areas

such as parks, malls, and golf draw had to ts c e it courses beautiful and useful. rs, arch ey use ompute nd. Today, th ideo simuc e r They decide where the buildo f ays be s by ha stems and v olor. y In the d scape design c s ) ll ings, roads, and walkways will (CAD s in fu nd their la -aided design see their idea ge, the archigo, and how the flower garr n ts te a compu g time eir clien to make a ch in th v t a le s — to dens and trees should be ts lations nt wan ck of a mouse the clie li c if , e arranged. They create n th e Th ith do it w n a c t c designs, estimate costs, and check that te ney. and mo the plans are being carried out correctly. They also must make sure their designs are environmentally friendly. Some work for major companies, but many are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Math, botany, ecology, drafting, art, geology, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

50

Professional & Related Occupations

Design a flower garden that will grow in your area’s climate. What colors do you want? Should you use tall plants, short ones, or a combination? Do you want all spring-bloomers or plants that will bloom at various times? Check catalogs and local nurseries for prices. How much will your garden cost? How much maintenance will it need?

Related Jobs Architects, except landscape and naval; surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians; engineers; urban and regional planners; conservation scientists and foresters; biological scientists; medical scientists; environmental scientists and hydrologists; geoscientists Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Surveyors, Cartographers, Photogrammetrists & Surveying Technicians On the Job

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ME These workers measure and TH Satellite map the earth’s surface to set ING E X TRA s are c h A anging “Globa official land, air, and water the wa y satellite l Positioning System surveyors wo boundaries. They may check s to loc ” uses ate poin places radio s rk today. a ts old legal documents for ignals receive radio receiver on the earth. from rc The sur a information and write veyor at once an collect inf t the desired ormatio p . Such a n from oint, and the and us reports. They work outseveral ed to tr receiver can also ace sate time we doors in all kinds of though a road system be placed in llites t a ca . th An e world weather and may travel was fla d to think at r one t! long distances to work sites. Cartographers use the information surveyors gather to prepare maps and charts. Photogrammetrists analyze aerial photographs to help make detailed maps.

Subjects to Study Algebra, geometry, trigonometry, drafting, computer science, English, geography, geology, photography

Discover More Make a map of your neighborhood, showing how to get from your house to your school. Include all streets and important landmarks, bodies of water or forests, malls or business districts, parks and playgrounds—anything that acts as a landmark in your area. If you gave someone at school your map, could the person get to your house?

Related Jobs Engineers; architects, except landscape and naval; landscape architects; environmental scientists and hydrologists; geoscientists; urban and regional planners Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

51

Engineers On the Job EXTRA

Engineers design machinery, buildings, and highways. They s ers? It’ e in g in also develop new products and ithout e out eng world w and age. With no intera e new ways of making them. in s, u imag is day nd dam , and no a s Can yo possible in th e g Some engineers test the no brid im shuttles t parks. nearly ld have ers or space n u e o m w e quality of products. Some s e u w m irlin neers, s, no a whirls at the a t of our lives y a w h supervise production in facig state h sters or tilt-a- st every aspec a o o c lm r a tories. They may work in e . ll ro lay fects rk to p ring af o e w e in to g laboratories, offices, and construction En ome from h today, sites. Most engineers specialize to work in a particular industry or with particular materials, for example, aerospace engineers, agricultural engineers, chemical engineers, and mechanical engineers.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Math, physics, chemistry, shop and technology courses, drafting, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

You’ve probably made paper airplanes before, but have you experimented with your design in order to increase their flight? Have you tried using heavier or lighter paper, or different kinds of glue, or cut flaps in the wings? Using different designs and materials, make five different paper airplanes and do a series of test flights. What design worked best and why?

Related Jobs Job Outlook Average increase

52

Professional & Related Occupations

Architects, except landscape and naval; engineering and natural sciences managers; computer and information systems managers; computer programmers; computer software engineers; drafters; engineering technicians; sales engineers; science technicians Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Drafters On the Job

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ME Drafters prepare the drawings TH Why ar used to build everything from ING E X TRA e bluep r in d rafting, ts blue? spacecraft to bridges. Using over sp drafters would Before comp rough sketches done by othec ute p light w ial chemically lace their orig r-aided as shon tr inal e ers, they produce detailed a ted wh e on th several ite pap drawing e m c o in m er. A b utes, a technical drawings with spewas pla righ nd then bined sheets ced in o th f paper t e specia a deve paper cific information to create a for l lo tur treated ping so paper lution. origina ned blue eve finished product. Drafters T r l tracin ywhere he resu gh lt: The ex perfect use handbooks, tables, calnegativ ad blocked th cept for whe r e imag e e blueprin the li ght, c e of the t! culators, and computers origina reating a l drawin to do their work. Many g—a specialize in architecture, electronics, or aeronautics.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, drafting, art and design courses, computer skills, shop and technology courses

Discover More Try making your own drawing of a building or some kind of machine. You can use either paper and pencil or a computer drawing program. You can find books about drafting at the library.

Related Jobs Architects, except landscape and naval; landscape architects; commercial and industrial designers; engineers; engineering technicians; science technicians; surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Professional & Related Occupations

53

Engineering Technicians On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Engineering technicians use sci-

ence, engineering, and math to t of es a lo lv o v in solve problems for businesses. tte, a ficiently duct ef , King C. Gille idea of o r p They help engineers and scia e 1895 cturing with th Manufa and testing. In an, came up t years develentists with experiments and h g sm plannin ttle-cap sale . He spent eig product for develop models of new o e b is d Boston ble razor bla ss-produce h e founded is a a h s equipment. Some supervise m his mpany a dispo methods to , the co ns have used e y th a d g production workers or o T in c. op ica e publi t Amer s th o to m d le check the quality of sa an er. illions, r anoth worth m at one time o products. Like engineers, they often n inventio specialize in an area such as mechanics, electronics, or chemicals. Some may be exposed to hazards from equipment, chemicals, or toxic materials.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, chemistry, electronics, shop and technology courses, drafting

Discover More Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

What’s the simplest way to boil an egg? Easy, right? Just put the egg in a pan of boiling water and cook it. Now think about the reverse. How complicated can you make the job? On paper, draw an egg-boiling machine. Make it as complicated and ridiculous as you can.

Related Jobs Science technicians; drafters; surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians; broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators

Average increase

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Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Agricultural & Food Scientists On the Job

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ME Agricultural scientists study TH Will ch farm crops and animals. They ING E X TRA ickens h a th tch in s e lack look for ways to control pests p o sent fer f gravity wou ace? Scientists ld affec and weeds safely, increase tilized c wonde t hicken r space s eggs in hatching egg ed how huttle. crop yields with less labor, s, so th to spac Some o flight. O ey e aboa f the eg f the on rd the and save water and soil. gs did The sp e s th a n t surviv ace chic o ed, som t survive the k (the as They may specialize in e eggs tronauts ens returned did hatc to Ea too them) to plant, soil, or animal scih. be stud k enough oth rth safe and sound ie e r food d furth ence. Many work outdoors supplie er. s with in all kinds of weather. Food scientists work in the food processing industry, at universities, and for the government. They look for new food sources and preservatives and help ensure that our country’s food supply is safe.

Subjects to Study Biology, environmental science, physics, chemistry, math, business, life sciences, nutrition, family and consumer sciences

Discover More Set up a growing experiment of your own. Choose a plant and get a package of seeds at a garden center. Now plant the seeds in four containers. Put two containers on a sunny windowsill and two in a shady spot. Water one in the window and one in the shade every day. Water the other two only once every four or five days. Which seeds grow best?

Related Jobs Biological scientists; chemists and materials scientists; conservation scientists and foresters; farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers; veterinarians; landscape architects Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

55

Biological Scientists On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Biological scientists study living

things and their environment. Severe RS, or A S d e in They do research, develop new ase call people e ew dise began killing r n e ly th medicines, increase crop d , a w as ne rome, nt 2, a de In 200 piratory Synd the disease w t could preve amounts, and improve the es se tha Acute R China. Becau ations se was a ic e d is e environment. Some study d m e r n souther accinations o f air travel, th gical scientists v o lo specialty areas such as o were n . And because Canada. Bio tify the virus s n it a e e y id r a viruses, ocean life, plant life, u a to w c ra or on ble g as fa orking were a in w d d ll n a ti a e s r or animal life. They may sp tion are into ac . They sprang es the disease ent it. work in company, college, v us an pre c that ca t a th or government labs, or as high school tion vaccina biology teachers.

Subjects to Study Math, biology, botany, chemistry, zoology, physics, computer science, environmental studies

Discover More Education & Training Doctoral degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

56

Professional & Related Occupations

Study the effects of acid rain on plant life. Get two small potted plants from a garden center. Keep them in the same place. Water one daily with regular tap water. Water the other with “acid rain” you make by adding a half teaspoon of white vinegar to two and a half teaspoons of tap water. Which plant grows better?

Related Jobs Medical scientists, agricultural and food scientists, conservation scientists and foresters, physicians and surgeons, dentists, veterinarians

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Medical Scientists On the Job

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ME Medical scientists research TH Did you human diseases in order to ING E X TRA know th g at peop ood fo improve human health. Most r le once rettes a you? Early TV tho medical scientists do basic s a refr a ds prom ught smokin eshing, medica gw oted sm he ls research to learn more about oking c as risk for cientists to pr althy way to r igaov ela lu viruses, bacteria, and other mation ng cancer an e that smokin x. It took d g b scientis ased on their heart disease puts people a infectious diseases. Then . Supply ts help researc t people h is on this information is used to e way m ing inforlive lon ger, he edical althier develop vaccines, medicines, and lives. treatments for many diseases. While some work in clinics or hospitals, most work in government, university, or private industry labs.

Subjects to Study Chemistry, biology, math, physics, computer science

Discover More Take a walk in the woods or the park and look for piles of leaves and fallen tree limbs and sticks. Notice that at the bottom of the piles, the leaves and sticks have started to crumble and fall apart. What causes this? Special microbes such as bacteria eat up dead material such as leaves and sticks and turn it into a powder called compost. Take some of the compost home and put it on your houseplants or in your garden. Does it help your plants grow bigger?

Related Jobs Biological scientists, agricultural and food scientists, physicians and surgeons, dentists, veterinarians

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Doctoral degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Professional & Related Occupations

57

Conservation Scientists & Foresters On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Foresters and conservation sci-

entists manage, use, and proMount called f te o ta e s tect natural resources such as c orth fa hington in Was ff the entire n of acres o n water, wood, and wildlife. a lc o ds 0, a vo blowing oyed thousan t nothing , d In 198 te p Foresters supervise the use of ns eru ch tha t destr St. Hele tain. The blas ground so mu e U.S. Forest timber for lumber compan th u g, the h the mo heated than replantin lone, to watc st d n a t nies. Range managers overa s of fore years. Rather the blast site , the fir . Today ing. r e n v fo w a o see and protect range lands w le s e it to gr ow ecided ered on lings—are gr d v o e c ic e t. r v s r e so that the environment is Se for tain sap a new rs and e moun how th fe—wildflowe , there will be not damaged. Soil conserf li so signs o red years or vationists help farmers save the soil, water, nd In a hu and other natural resources. All of these workers spend time outdoors in all kinds of weather.

Subjects to Study Math, chemistry, biology, botany, ecology, agriculture, computer science, economics, business courses

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Little change

58

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Foresters understand that for every tree that is cut down, a new tree must be planted. Ask your parents if you can pick out a tree from a local nursery and plant it in your yard, taking into consideration the tree’s needs for sunlight and space. Or talk to your teachers at school about the possibility of organizing a tree planting event. For more information on how to plant trees, visit this Web site: www.kidsface.org/pages/plant.html.

Related Jobs Engineers; agricultural and food scientists; biological scientists; environmental scientists and hydrologists; geoscientists; farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Atmospheric Scientists On the Job

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ME Atmospheric scientists, comTH Even w monly called meteorologists, ING E X TRA ith adv a n s ced wa ometim study the atmosphere (the air rn e caused s difficult to a ing from me teorolo that covers the earth) for its void th by Moth gists, it e destr ricane uction Katrina er Nature. In effects on our environment. that ca is late Au hit in F Louisia n be gu lo na, wit The most well-known area h partic rida, Mississip st of 2005 H city of uru pi, Ne lar doing $ w Orleans. K ly devastating Alabama, an of their work is weather illi d 7 e destruc 5 billion in da ng at least 1, ffects on the forecasting. They also study 6 tive hu m 0 a 0 g p e, eo rricane in Ame it is considere ple and trends in the earth’s climate rican h d the m istory. ost and apply their research to air-pollution control, environmental studies, air and sea transportation, and defense. Meteorologists often work nights, weekends, and holidays at weather stations.

Subjects to Study Math, chemistry, physics, computer science, statistics, environmental science

Discover More Contact a local TV station in your area and ask to become one of its weather watchers. Hang a thermometer outside—a little way away from your home. Take daily readings. Place a large, rimmed dish on a flat surface outside to measure rain or snowfall. Call your reports in to the TV station and watch the weather report for your information.

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Related Jobs Environmental scientists and hydrologists, geoscientists, physicists and astronomers, mathematicians, engineers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

59

Chemists & Materials Scientists On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Chemists and materials scien-

tists look for and use new It’s mists? e h c t s u la information about chemicals p ho like wit would be no s. rld be s e o r la w e g and other materials. They r e th e ould th , no fib tarters, What w agine. For s aint, no glue ing, our develop new paints, fibers, im sid cp hard to lon, no acryli e aluminum als it p s o adhesives, drugs, and other h v y n ha ur tic, no ouldn’t pensive silk, o cars (if they w s e s u products. They also develop r mists Our ho e would be ex ines, and ou ls! Che work. ic s e d o e e h h processes that save energy ty m w n f o en ld pa empty e wood modern wor e v b a h ld u ld and reduce pollution. wo ou the at all) w ls that make ia existed r They make improvements in agriculture, te a em make th medicine, and food processing. Most work in manufacturing firms or teach at colleges and universities. Their line of work can be dangerous.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, chemistry, biology, computer science, business courses

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Have you ever mixed Mentos and diet soda? First stack a dozen Mentos candies on top of one another, using paper or an index card to keep them stacked together. Open a full 2-liter bottle of diet soda. Then drop the roll of candies all at once into the bottle and stand back. You might want to do this outdoors as the resulting eruption can get messy.

Related Jobs Job Outlook Little change

60

Professional & Related Occupations

Agricultural and food scientists, biological scientists, medical scientists, engineers, physicists and astronomers, science technicians

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Environmental Scientists & Hydrologists On the Job

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ME Environmental scientists and TH The av hydrologists study the earth ING E X TRA erage f a m w il ater pe and humans’ impact on it. r day w y goes throug shower a h abou s hing c s, Many are involved in water t than on and flushing lothes and dis 70 gallons of toilets. hes, ta e billio conservation and the preserking Americ n glass doesn’t ans es o in vation of natural resources. lawns g clude the am f tap water p drink more ou er day. re This of the r en and flowe nt of water u All of these scientists play sed to rs grow easons k in e h g ep y g r d eater s . These an important role in mainupplies rologists are are jus c o t so o f fresh nstantly taining a healthy environwater. searchin me g for ment, designing waste-disposal sites, and cleaning up polluted land and water.

Subjects to Study Math, computer science, chemistry, physics, geology

Discover More You don’t have to have a college degree to begin thinking of ways to help maintain the environment. Make a list of ten things you can do to help—such as turning off lights when you leave the room or buying recycled paper—and share the list with your parents, friends, and teachers.

Related Jobs Conservation scientists and foresters; atmospheric scientists; science and engineering technicians; physicists; chemists; engineers; surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians

Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

61

Geoscientists On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Like environmental scientists

and hydrologists, geoscientists —the mology olis e s is also study the earth, though eology st seism lds in g of the bigge day in ie f t s they focus on its composition e tt e g to the ho And on appenin wn for its h One of arthquakes. ll ti s and geologic history. Many fe tory is is kno rs, study o riments in his ll town 50 yea a 1 t m s s are involved in the search for la is e h e e ogy exp California. T uakes: For th thquak f r a e 6 , q natural resources while othld e ber o Parkfie attern of earth a magnitud Septem d p in e r c k n c la ers concern themselves with u ie u r to tr g e s g re has exp rs. The latest ere somethin ld ie f k r a cleaning up the environPa ye rs th 0 to 30 searche every 2 ally giving re ment. Oceanographers fin 2004, study the world’s oceans and coastal waters, bout. write a and geologists study rock formation to learn more about the history of the Earth.

Subjects to Study Math, computer science, chemistry, physics, geology

Discover More Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

62

Professional & Related Occupations

Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates of the earth’s surface move. You can see the same effect by cracking the shell of a hard-boiled egg. The thin shell represents the earth’s crust, moving around on the slippery mantle. Move the pieces of shell around. What happens when they collide? Eggquake!

Related Jobs Engineering technicians; science technicians; engineers; surveyors; cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians; physicists and astronomers; chemists and materials scientists; atmospheric scientists; environmental scientists and hydrologists Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Physicists & Astronomers On the Job

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ME Physicists study the matter that TH In the e makes up the universe. They ING E X TRA arly 19 4 d 0s, phy efense also study forces of nature sicists w la entific b b in Los Ala o mos, N rking at a se such as gravity, motion, and reakthr c ew Me ough. T chain o xico, m ret U.S. he fe the nature of energy, electroade a s droppe vents that led y split an ato cim, sett d d magnetism, and nuclear ing off and Na by the U.S. du irectly to the a a g ring W orld W tomic bombs regrette asaki, Japan. interactions. They use their a r II on Se d Hiroshim they as their work on veral of thos studies to design medical e scien sured th a the bom ti sts late e e ir b r ed in th . p r equipment, electronic e atom lace in the h For better or istory b ic age. worse, ooks a devices, and lasers. nd ush Astronomers study the moon, sun, planets, galaxies, and stars. Their knowledge is used in space flight and navigation. Many teach in colleges and universities.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, chemistry, computer science, geology, astronomy

Discover More One of the easiest ways to begin to learn more about astronomy is to become an amateur star-gazer. Even without a telescope (though it certainly helps to have one, or at least a pair of binoculars), you can use a star chart to help you identify planets and constellations. Also listen to the news for special observation events like meteor showers or lunar eclipses.

Education & Training Doctoral degree

Earnings $$$$$

Related Jobs Engineers, chemists and materials scientists, atmospheric scientists, environmental scientists and hydrologists, geoscientists, computer systems analysts, computer scientists and database administrators, computer programmers, mathematicians Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Little change

Professional & Related Occupations

63

Economists On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

rowing for bor t y a p rest tha t people fee tha mount of inte cards, a tr x e is the . The a ouses, credit rest Interest e bank th inte rs, h m o r f s for ca to day. These Board n a money lo n y pay o om da Reserve is people nges fr ederal th a F h e c th e r y use of and mo determined b airman. Beca ity by the Fed v h e ti c r c a s a o it s f g o y te ra er db et to a whisp nounce k mark and an t power, even ause the stoc c n importa rve Board can e s eral Re own. up or d

Economists study how people use resources like land, labor, raw materials, and machinery to make products. They monitor inflation, interest rates, and employment levels. They use their studies to advise businesses and government agencies.

Subjects to Study

Math, English, economics, business courses, computer science, accounting

Discover More Do you ever hear your parents complain about the rising price of gasoline? Keep track of the price of premium gas at your local station each day over the course of several weeks. Plot the price changes on a graph. Are there days each week when the prices are the highest? On days when the prices are higher, are there Education & any related events in the news that might have caused the Training increase? Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook

Related Jobs Accountants and auditors; actuaries; budget analysts; financial analysts and personal financial advisors; financial managers; insurance underwriters; loan officers; purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents; management analysts; market and survey researchers

Little change

64

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Market and Survey Researchers On the Job

SO

ME Market and survey researchers TH A mark tell businesses about the best ING E X TRA et rese a r p cher m hone a ways to sell a product based ig s a certa king restaura ht spend her nts why in bran day on on information they gather do the tele th groups of cons f crackers. O ey didn’t buy through interviews and quesumers more o r she m new pr to f o ig d th h u t e c in ts and tionnaires. Market research your pa give th office in the e vite rents h eir opin vening ave be someo analysts might also develop ions. M to test en app ne aybe yo roache ions. M with a clipbo u advertising brochures and or d a ar ar t the m all by malls b ket survey co d wanting to commercials, sales plans, m a ecause sk your they ca panies often survey opinhave o n easily there. and product promotions ffices in find lots of peop such as rebates and givele to aways. Some analysts are self-employed and must travel to work for different clients.

Subjects to Study Economics, psychology, English, sociology, math, statistics

Discover More Take a survey in your class. Buy several different kinds of tortilla chips, then do a blind taste test: blindfold several classmates, then have them taste the chips. Keep a tally of which ones they prefer. Ask why they prefer one brand over another. These are the kinds of market surveys that researchers perform.

Related Jobs Economists, psychologists, sociologists, statisticians, urban and regional planners

Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

65

Psychologists On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Psychologists study the way

people think, feel, and act. ople. help pe e to is s They work to understand, o k se hypn and then ma times u e c e n m explain, and change people’s a o tr r. s deep ehavio logists Psycho a client into a a problem b r the suggesbehavior. They may conduct g be ut They p ns for changin ht not remem planted deep training programs, do market o ig ti re sugges the person m wake, they a problem e th y a h b t research, or provide counselAlthoug n he or she is are triggered ho wan ople w e e d h p n w a r ing. They may also work s o s f n tio ful ear. ciou ubcons sis can be use overcome a f s e th with mentally ill individuin r o r. Hypn eight, o behavio oking, lose w als. Psychologists work with schools, sm to quit businesses, and health-care centers to help people deal with stress and changes in their lives, such as divorce and aging.

Subjects to Study English, psychology, statistics, communication skills, biology, physical sciences, computer science

Discover More Education & Training Master’s degree to Doctoral degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook

Try this experiment: Get a small fish in a bowl. Feed it at the same time every day. Each time you feed the fish, just before you put the food in the water, tap on the side of the bowl. Soon, when your fish sees you tap on the bowl, it will look for food on the water’s surface. That’s called conditioning!

Related Jobs Counselors, physicians and surgeons, social workers, teachers—special education

Above-average increase

66

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Urban & Regional Planners On the Job

SO

ME Urban and regional planners TH Have y develop programs that encourING E X TRA ou hea r d W th hereas age growth in certain commumost cit e term planne in and d comm ie s simp op nities and regions. They plotted en businesse ly grow as m unity? s, plan ore peo in deta make plans for the best use ned co il befor Disney mmunit ple move e C th o e r p fir oration ie of land and study the area’s Florida built a st house is bu s are th planne ilt. The town. It at’s made to schools, hospitals, parks, d com ’s lo drive fr called Celeb ok like an old munity in roads, and other facilities r om Dis a ney Wo tion, and it’s fashioned bored a to see whether they meet rld (you an eas t Disne y da know, in y World ). case yo y ’s the needs of the commuu get nity. They also deal with legal codes and environmental issues, and a majority of them work for local governments. They often travel to inspect the features of the land to help in their planning.

Subjects to Study Math, English, speech, government, psychology, computer science, sociology, geography

Discover More Plan a town on graph paper. Include all the roads, houses, schools, churches, and parks. Don’t forget hospitals, police and fire stations, gas stations, sources for water and electricity, a shopping district, and a town center. A Starbucks is optional.

Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Related Jobs Architects, except landscape and naval; engineers; landscape architects

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

67

Social Scientists, Other On the Job EXTRA

There are many kinds of social scientists. Anthropologists study the origins and development of human society, ancient ways of life, languages, tools, and archaeological remains around the world. Geographers study how physical geography affects politics and culture. Historians research and the past. Political scientists study political systems and public policy. Sociologists study social behavior and groups as well as religious, political, and business organizations.

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? How movies s e n o J y is Indiana at archaeolog e th f o h any t’s w spend ou seen y? Think tha chaeologists inning m Have y r a m Mu ost en beg v e M e h ! T e in r t a o u f g be abo ka ting subjects ut? Thin pent sif ure all abo arching their s more are s c at ult ese month , deciding wh n iting e years r h T are exc und e r dig. o r f e jo t c a th a , f m 00 rti se a every a hen. Of cour human in 2,0 st h g u o r st th Ju dw g the fir d gold. ed it an produc . Imagine bein tomb and fin rs. ts nt lde momen nter an ancie y rolling bou e n a years to ect to dodge interpret xp don’t e

Subjects to Study English, history, political science, sociology, mathematics, geography

Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Discover More Imagine it is the year 3,010 and anthropologists are studying humans from our day and age. How do you think they will describe us? What about our way of life, technology, culture, and beliefs will they find interesting, puzzling, or humorous? Write a couple of paragraphs analyzing our society from their point of view.

Related Jobs Job Outlook Average increase

68

Professional & Related Occupations

Economists; lawyers; statisticians; news analysts, reporters, and correspondents; social workers; psychologists; teachers; counselors; archivists, curators, and museum technicians Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Science Technicians On the Job

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ME Science technicians use science TH Finding and math to solve research ING E X TRA new us e ta s for ag nt to ar problems. They also investir ton Ca eas that grow icultural crop s can b rver ’s w gate, invent, and help those c e impo ork is a r Carver, rn excell ops. George the son improve products. They set Washin ent exa for two of slave g m Southe ple of th s, deve up, operate, and maintain rn lo potato. is His wo crops: the pe ped hundreds . rk an made h lab equipment, monitor o im a na helped the So ut and the sw f uses e u ti et th o nally re ’ experiments, and record cognize s economy an d scien d results. They may specialize in agritist. culture, biology, chemistry, or other sciences. Their work tends to be more practical in nature. Some work outdoors and may be exposed to chemicals or radiation.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, shop and technology courses, computer science

Discover More Science technicians need good eye-hand coordination and a good ability to follow written instructions. You can hone your skills by putting together model cars or model ships. Are the directions in the kit clear and easy to follow? How would you change them to make them clearer?

Related Jobs Engineering technicians, broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators, drafters, clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, diagnostic medical sonographers, radiologic technologists and technicians Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

69

Counselors On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Counselors help people with

their problems; the work they od. ke or flo a u q th r do depends on the people they a in an e to stay. our rything and a place y e , v s e serve. School counselors help d r g thes, edit ca e losin Imagin find food, clo cense and cr ds. The prob students with personal, social, st s li rien You mu st your driver ’ ers or f unselors are b m e and behavioral problems. m o lo ily yc You’ve ven fam ing. That’s wh ictims find the e e b y College placement counhelp v whelm car, ma at way, m over isasters. They ger. Th e n e a s r selors help students decide s o d lem ief in after bout their gr t h g u o a on careers and find jobs. br ne. and talk not alo basics— ow they are Rehabilitation counselors help people kn victims

with disabilities and addictions. Employment counselors help people decide what kinds of jobs they want and help them find work.

Subjects to Study English, speech, psychology, social studies, sociology, computer skills, communication skills

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree to Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

70

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Talk to your school counselor about this job. What are the most difficult and most rewarding parts of the job? Find out what professional organizations he or she belongs to. Write to one of those organizations or visit their Web sites to learn more about counseling.

Related Jobs Teachers; social and human service assistants; social workers; psychologists; physicians and surgeons; registered nurses; occupational therapists; human resources, training, and labor relations managers and specialists

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Probation Officers & Correctional Treatment Specialists On the Job

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ME Many people who are conTH What h victed of crimes are placed on ING E X TRA appens w b ut is ca hen a m probation instead of being p Utah b tured in Florid an commits a ut sent to jail. Probation officers a c prisone will serve her ? Or a woma rime in Ohio rs are s n is con sentenc supervise these people, makim e in Illi victed in airplan n e—with ply handcuff ing sure they stay out of ed and ois? Sometim a guar prisone es put on d, rs a regula , flights? who are too of course. Bu trouble. Correctional treatr t d They h ave the angerous for what about Service ment specialists work with ir c ommer op o cial prisone erates a flee wn airline! Th people in jails and prisons, t of pla rs from e U.S. M nes the one pla tight se y use to arshals curity m ce to a evaluating their progress, nother. transpo ust be on thos rt Im planning special proe flights agine how ! grams, and counseling offenders. All of these specialists work with criminal offenders, some of whom are dangerous.

Subjects to Study English, speech, psychology, social studies, criminal justice, sociology

Discover More Call your state’s Department of Corrections, explain your interest in the job, and ask to interview a probation officer. What are the best parts of the job? What are the worst? Does the officer work from 9 to 5, or is he or she on call 24 hours a day? You can get more information on this job from the American Probation and Parole Association at www.appa-net.org.

Related Jobs Social workers, social and human service assistants, counselors, police and detectives, correctional officers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

71

Social & Human Service Assistants On the Job EXTRA

Social and human service assistants are in the business of of ave lots ol or h u o y helping people. They might at scho le? Do g peop volunteering end their in lp work in a food bank, train e h sp me enjoy orkers , pend ti w n s e e r u d Do you ic o il v y r h mentally handicapped adults cial se e? Do ped, c patienc mmunity? So the handicap ay for these to do a job, or supervise o p , c e ly in your ing the elder . Although the ers receive th k s lp r groups of teenagers in a day o ie omedays he rvice w e famil -incom low, social se difference in s w lo program. They evaluate d an often is they make a s n io it s g clients’ needs, help them fill in po of know reward each day. out the paperwork to get benefits, keep fe one’s li records, and file reports with social service agencies. They work in offices, hospitals, group homes, and private agencies.

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Subjects to Study English, speech, psychology, sociology, writing skills

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$

You can check out the social service field by volunteering at a food bank, an adult day-care center, a mental-health institution, or a community center in your neighborhood.

Related Jobs Social workers; counselors; childcare workers; occupational therapist assistants and aides; physical therapy assistants and aides; nursing, psychiatric and home health aides

Job Outlook Rapid increase

72

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Social Workers On the Job

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ME Social workers work with peoTH Do peo ple to help them find soluING E X TRA ple tell y e ou you njoy he tions to their problems. They ’re a g lp oo problem ing your frie nds fig d listener? D might help a client find s? If so o ure out , social you. A solution you so w housing, a job, or health s to the to day. cial worker ’s ork might be ir jo a O care. They deal with issues find aff n Monday, yo b is never the good field fo r or u same f ro nant te dable housin might help a like child abuse, poverty, g, on T n elder m day enager, ues ly c and on child in unplanned pregnancy, alcoWedne day counsel a lient a foste s r d v pre h ic a o y e, the r hol or drug abuse, and ewards me. Like man visit an abus gothers. ed y often c jobs in ome fr criminal behavior. They om kno social serwing yo help people cope with u helpe d serious illnesses and crisis situations. They may work in hospitals, social service agencies, group homes, government agencies, or schools.

Subjects to Study English, communication skills, psychology, biology, sociology, history, foreign languages

Discover More Talk to the counselor at your school about this job. Ask about the training and the kinds of situations he or she deals with on a daily basis. Ask whether he or she can help you set up a peer-counseling service at your school.

Related Jobs Counselors, probation officers and correctional treatment specialists, psychologists, social and human services assistants

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree to Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

73

Court Reporters On the Job EXTRA

These workers put spoken words into writing. They make ay are d to s w o notes using shorthand or a s deaf y TV sh at man aptioning help closed th d stenotype machine, which e c te ou noti losed c lp crea pute h m o ts Have y aptioned”? C c is prints shorthand. They also c nked to cription “closed joy TV. Trans l equipment li how. The use audio recordings and s n e ia e u people g. Using spec id on th V screen. Yo a s g in T e in computer voice translation caption type what is b bottom of the ute button on m e y e e th th th t software. They are often , a s s d es w. er e printe tions if you pr aptioned sho r a s d r c responsible for helping wo dap these c a close can see hile watching judges and attorneys access informaw your TV tion. Sometimes they type as fast as 200 words per minute. Because they are the only ones recording what is being said, they must be accurate.

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Subjects to Study English, word processing, spelling, foreign languages, computer skills, communication skills

Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

74

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Watch an actual court case on TV. Find the court reporter in the courtroom and watch what he or she does. Listen to all the statements made by the lawyers, witnesses, and judge. Try to imagine correctly recording every word they say.

Related Jobs Secretaries and administrative assistants; medical transcriptionists; receptionists and information clerks; human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping; paralegals and legal assistants; data entry and information processing workers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Judges, Magistrates & Other Judicial Workers On the Job

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ME Judges, magistrates, and other TH Not all judicial workers oversee trials ING E X TRA judges w ju ear tra dges b and make sure that everyone dit o to choo th at the state ional black r obes. In follows the court rules. They se their and fed o the bas f ic black wn attire. Tho eral level are act, preside over all types of permitte , there ugh mo Chief J are us d st cases, from traffic tickets to had fou tice of the Sup some excep of them go fo tions. F r r gold reme C orm bars on o posedly murder trials. In court cases the slee urt William Re er inspire d v hnquis ju e b s of his dges o without a jury, the judge t f the M y an opera h gown, r a e o supr saw. An bes ins yland C decides the verdict. All implicit tead of black. ourt of Appe d the seven ,o als wea A judges work for the govr red tops an f course, so y formal dress d ou won c flip-flop ernment, either local, ’t find ju ode is still s. dges in state, or federal. Nearly all tank judges have law degrees.

Subjects to Study English, writing skills, public speaking, government, history, foreign languages, psychology, computer science, criminal justice

Discover More Have a mock trial in your social studies class. Different students can be lawyers for the prosecution and the defense, the defendant, the witnesses, the jury, and the judge. The judge has the final say about what evidence can and cannot be presented.

Related Jobs Counselors, lawyers, paralegals and legal assistants, private detectives and investigators

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

75

Lawyers On the Job EXTRA

Lawyers give people advice about the law and their rights. They represent people in court, presenting evidence that supports a client’s position, asking questions, and arguing their case. Lawyers must do research to find the information they need to their cases. They must have good reading, writing, and speaking skills. There are a number of areas that lawyers may specialize in from corporate to criminal law.

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good njoy a e u o y d t? Do arly an e a poin to argue cle f their u g r a jury o love to be able Do you awyers must the judge and wyers spend L La e ? debate ely to convinc out arguing. g witnesses, b iv a s nin and persua isn’t all ases, questio w la points, t u ir c B e ir . th e ts t r th in g po m is po ourtroo searchin cases that sup c e r e s th r u ho h in er for oth The brief flas brary. . looking w la th in e li g the of time ts studyin support lo y ted b suppor

Subjects to Study English, speech, government, history, foreign languages, psychology, computer skills, logic

Education & Training Professional degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook

Discover More Organize a class debate. Pick a topic you feel strongly about, take a position, and argue your side. Be sure you do some research first—read articles and books on the topic and find out what other people think of it. Can you change your opponents’ minds?

Related Jobs Paralegals and legal assistants; judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers

Average increase

76

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Paralegals and Legal Assistants On the Job

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ME Paralegals help lawyers prepare TH Paraleg their cases. They do research ING E X TRA als tod a y S pecial use com and write reports that lawyers so of infor ftware packa puters to do use to present their argutheir re m ges an d se topic a ation at their nd rece finger ti the Internet p arch. ments in court. They may u ive a li p t a wor ject. Th s . They st o ld ey also s meet with clients to get use com f all documen imply enter a of pap er need ts p u o te n rs th ed to s help to information about a case, upport to organize th at subday ’s p c e a a volume s to r e a s. legals d take we but they do not argue cases s o in on These progra eks! e ms day wo in court or set fees. Some rk that used paralegals have a wide variety of tasks, while others specialize in one area of the law, such as tax law or publishing law.

Subjects to Study English, business courses, computer skills, foreign languages, logic

Discover More Contact a law firm or a legal-aid society in your area. Ask to talk to a paralegal. Find out what his or her duties involve. Ask how he or she became interested in the occupation and what kind of training the job requires. Also feel free to visit this Web site hosted by the National Association of Legal Assistants: www.nala.org/whatis.htm

Related Jobs Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators; occupational health and safety specialists and technicians

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Associate degree to Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

77

Archivists, Curators & Museum Technicians On the Job EXTRA

These workers choose, buy, and care for collections of books, asso or ic P n a m records, art, and other items more th rvice, for exa y e t much n S u a s o k m b for libraries and museums. r a a d rs care tional P is country, an and Curato gelo. The Na th d The items might also include n ities in designe ut Michela ates 378 facil at are p t th h s y ig coins, stamps, plants, paintla m r p e s ple, op eums and dis hese curator lcano o v a T s r . u o ings, sculptures, or even anihave m d by curators t Yellowstone ht be in my a ig ine y m ta la y mals. They may also work in p e a dis m r th r Jim r a wolf St. Helens. O k Douglass o g field. e th e g with records on paper, film, to nt ric excitin at Mou pers of Frede varied, a display a s p ’ or computers. They plan It e of th sites. charge their historic exhibits, educational programs, and tours. at Carter Most work with the public and may travel to add to their collections.

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Subjects to Study English, speech, history, art, chemistry, physics, business courses, accounting

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree to Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Visit a museum or zoo in your area. Ask the tour guide about the collection. Who decides what to buy for the collection? Where do the exhibits come from? What would you like to see in the exhibit that’s not already there?

Related Jobs Artists and related workers; librarians; social scientists, other

Job Outlook Average increase

78

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Instructional Coordinators On the Job

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ME Instructional coordinators TH What h develop teaching materials, ING E X TRA appens w p assing hen a s train teachers, and assess s c in a sp tandardized te hool district’s ecialist school programs. They often s students ts ? Mos to As scho ols acr help research t often, the dis aren’t specialize in a specific suboss the trict ca empha and so cou lls lve the sis ject, such as language arts, problem grow ra on these tests ntry place m ore an pidly. B , this jo d more . u b field employ math, or gifted and talented is expe ed only t keep in min cted to d, the s as long programs. Most work for pe as the district cialist is school districts or independent sees go od resu lts! consulting firms, and they spend time traveling between schools. The work can be stressful and involve long hours. Many instructional coordinators are former teachers and school administrators.

Subjects to Study English, social sciences, business courses, psychology, computer science, foreign languages

Discover More Call your school district’s main offices and ask to interview the instructional coordinator or curriculum specialist. Does that person work only during the school year or year-round? What are the best and worst parts of the job?

Related Jobs Teachers; education administrators; counselors; human resources, training, and labor relations managers and specialists

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Professional & Related Occupations

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Librarians On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Librarians help people use the

library and its materials. They ldest of the o the e n o s help people find the books dria wa ed in Egypt in m Alexan d o r f n f o u e o y r r they need and fill out applicaF e a . h anyw history yal Libr The Ro st libraries in lieved to hold veral buildtions for library cards. They se ge s be and lar used in rately burned ., it wa o C H . . B s may give talks on how to use y k r e o 3 centu 700,000 bo ve been delib . What also y a to r h the library or read to chil40,000 s thought to mains a myste st librarians a ir e w f r it e o s , dren during special proh s o w y ing much th ough b w o th h , n is w grams. Some manage other do stery s a my ooks. remain or overdue b workers, prepare budgets, and order df charge materials for their libraries. They may shelve books, rd

update files, and design special displays. They must be very computer literate and keep up with changes in technology.

Subjects to Study English, literature, accounting, social sciences, business courses, psychology, computer science

Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Discover More Take a tour of your school’s library. Does your librarian order the books for your library? How does he or she decide which books to order? What guidelines does your school district provide? Ask whether you can look through the publishers’ catalogs and circle some titles that look interesting to you.

Related Jobs Job Outlook Little change

80

Professional & Related Occupations

Archivists, curators, and museum technicians; teachers; computer and information systems managers; computer scientists and database administrators

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Library Technicians On the Job

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ME Library technicians help librarTH What h ians order, shelve, and organING E X TRA appens w d oesn’t h hen yo ize library materials. They u want loan sy ave? You can a stem. T help people find materials order it book your lib his me rary book fr th roug ans tha om ano and information. Some may t your li h the interlibr ther lib and the a brary b rar n loans orrows ry also help maintain audiovisearch the boo y, usually one th e th k in your one tha e records of o to you. Your state, sual equipment, prepare libraria ther lib t has th n ra e In just displays, and supervise a few d book you wa ries, find the can ays, the closest nt, and other support staff. They ke book is in your y in an order. h ands! answer questions, help patrons check out materials, and may send out notices to people with overdue books. Some work in school libraries, helping students find information they need for research.

Subjects to Study English, literature, accounting, computer skills, business courses

Discover More Check your local library for volunteer opportunities. You might be put to work shelving books, helping at the checkout counter, supervising small children during reading programs, or straightening up at the end of the day.

Related Jobs

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Library assistants, clerical; medical records and health information technicians

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

81

Teacher Assistants On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Teacher assistants help children

in the classroom and school hool your sc in s a m , o cafeteria or on the playground ll classro After a lot rgarten er assistants. a e d is and field trips. Sometimes in s k teach to the ear-old s Walk in e likely to see five- and six-y help teacher they pay special attention to rs e u’r , or mor . These worke ring children and yo ty n e individual students or small tw to le f room o erson to hand ing papers, tu e lots of v y p a p groups who need more help for one ing crafts, co . They must h confusion, r s d a n m p a e o r with a subject. They help o e p r s s ois by ning cla lerance for n n. a le c d e teachers by grading papers, an h to ildr e, a hig rom small ch f patienc s keeping attendance records, typing, g u joy h and en filing, ordering supplies, helping out in the computer lab, or preparing class lessons.

Subjects to Study English, communication skills, computer skills, math, foreign languages, speech, psychology

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook

Volunteer to help care for younger children at your school, church, or a local day-care center or youth organization. You might help them with schoolwork, play games, or teach a craft.

Related Jobs Teachers—preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary; teachers—special education; librarians; childcare workers; library technicians; library assistants, clerical; occupational therapist assistants and aides

Average increase

82

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Teachers—Adult Literacy & Remedial Education On the Job

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ME Adult literacy and remedial TH Did you education teachers teach basic ING E X TRA know th p at a sig opulati skills courses—writing, reado nifican t read? E n in the U.S. cannot portion of the ing, and math—to adults and ven pe ople w r adult e sometim ad or s ho g tr e out-of-school youths. They hard to s have trouble raduate from uggles to g high sc r also work with people who a drive et and hold a eading. This ho r ’s licen m jo akes it ol b , to pay se. Wit imposs want to update their job very bills, o hout re ible to r even a g d e in t g skills to get ahead skills or prepare for the , in toda y ’s soc it’s nearly GED exam. An increasing number iety. teach English as a second language to non-native speakers. Many work part-time, at night, or on the weekends.

Subjects to Study English, communication and writing skills, math, social sciences, foreign languages

Discover More Contact your local library about literacy programs they are currently running and ask whether they need volunteers. They may have you read stories to younger kids or become a reading tutor for someone learning the language.

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Teachers—preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary; teachers—special education; counselors; social workers

Bachelor’s degree

$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

83

Teachers—Postsecondary On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Postsecondary teachers work at

colleges, community colleges, whitek of a in th u s universities, and research facilis yo big cla or. Do profess lecturing in a oung y y it e ties. They specialize in one s r r a e n lty a univ led ma niversity facu nd racial c ta c Picture e p field, such as history, physics, nic a and u d, bes bearde day ’s college n, of every eth ear tweed or journalism. They do w e o T ll room? men and wom e of them sti are t s o M m , research and write articles . eir and old nd (though so than lecture e u rch in th en r o a o r e g m s and books about their findk e c r o d th ba al nd they ind of origin as and u. e A id ). ts w a k e ings. Most professors hold co me ut n b for yo d in so to learn abo e the jo b involve t e h v advanced degrees. While ig lo is m you field. If m to others, th many schools do not hold classes during e teach th the summer months, faculty still work year-round, preparing lectures, attending seminars, and conducting research.

Subjects to Study English, math, speech, sciences, social sciences, foreign languages, computer science

Education & Training Work experience to Professional degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

84

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Visit a college campus and sit in on a class or two. Watch the professor and think about how the class resembles or differs from your classes at school. Talk to the professor after class and ask about the job.

Related Jobs Teachers—preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary; education administrators; librarians; counselors; writers and editors; public relations specialists; management analysts

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Teachers—Preschool, Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle & Secondary On the Job

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ME Teachers help students learn in TH Think a school. They plan lessons, preING E X TRA bout th e Y c ou hav pare tests, grade papers, and e to fin hallenges of being a d some are at wo on write reports of students’ w year, b rk. This is ha e to watch yo orking paren t. rd eno ut in th u r kids progress. They meet with ugh du e summ especia ring the while you e r ll s y a to n ugh. O d parents and school staff to about te ne of th on Christma school a s e thing their kid ching is that talk about grades and probs many break, it’s they ge s. This te ac t the sa c them p lems. Some teach a specific me day hers like lan vac uts down on s off as child-c ations are cos and ac grade; others teach one ts and tivities lets for the subject to students in many grades. whole family. Most work more than 40 hours a week, and some work second jobs during the summer months. Many supervise school activities such as clubs and sports teams.

Subjects to Study English, social studies, math, sciences, psychology, foreign languages, computer science

Discover More Talk with your school counselor about programs such as peer tutoring or cadet teaching in your school. You can help younger students who are having trouble with a subject or grade papers for a teacher.

Related Jobs Teachers—postsecondary; counselors; teacher assistants; education administrators; librarians; childcare workers; public relations specialists; social workers; athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

85

Teachers—Self-Enrichment Education On the Job EXTRA

Self-enrichment teachers usually know a lot about a certain suballroom b , g in d ik ject and are willing to share king, h classes offere e hi, coo k e C ta th i f a le what they know with students T o p , s. Peo orking t some Woodw these are jus ation program interesting. (mostly adults) who are eager uc d g— dancin nrichment ed ey are fun an ching a te r to learn. They may teach o e th ls through rses because ce nove you can be n a m o u r s o classes in cooking, literature, , y these c it’s discussing igital camera ere and enjo d r th e a e th b e art, financial planning, spire s h W ts to to u ss wan e how n la c o e e m ituality, or any number of so in th eryone subject. e sure ev th t other topics. Most self-enrichment u g abo learnin classes are informal and are designed for individuals who just want to improve themselves, enrich their lives, or just learn more about a topic.

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Subjects to Study English, social studies, social sciences, computer science, art, dance, physical education

Education & Training Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

86

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Call a local community college or high school and ask for the catalog of continuing-education courses. Find a class that interests you, then call the school and ask whether you can sit in on a session of that class

Related Jobs Teachers—preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary; dancers and choreographers; artists and related workers; musicians, singers, and related workers; recreation workers; athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Teachers—Special Education On the Job

SO

ME Special education teachers TH Say “sp work with students who have ING E X TRA ecial ed u c cation” lassroo disabilities. Most work in elem and ma only pa s for learnin g-disab ny people on mentary, middle, or high rt of th ly think led stud e pictu classes re. S of ents. B fo schools, but some work with ut that’ disabilit r students wit pecial educa s ti h ie o m s n , e covers and em ntal ha toddlers and preschoolers. classes ndicap otiona fo s, phys educati r gifted and ta l problems. They prepare classes to ical It also on clas lented inc se s interve meet their students’ needs, ntion p s spread from tudents. Spec ludes rog ial p abled a grade papers, and write dults. It rams to conti reschool and nued c ’s a wid earlylas e and g reports. They may teach rowing ses for disfield. academic studies or life skills. They meet with parents, counselors, school psychologists, and occupational or physical therapists to come up with the best school plan for each student.

Subjects to Study English, social studies, math, sciences, psychology, foreign languages, computer science, art, dance, physical education

Discover More Arrange with your teacher to spend a day observing a special education class at your school. Watch how the teacher interacts with the students. You might be able to help out by reading to younger children or tutoring them.

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Psychologists; social workers; speech-language pathologists; audiologists; counselors; teacher assistants; occupational therapists; recreational therapists; teachers— preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

87

Artists & Related Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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Artists use a variety of methods

and materials to communicate t other en mos s h w e through art. They might use tim a Mose 70s, a er late ment, Grandm job: She h oil paints, watercolors, penin s ew he wa retire letely n inter p m When s e thinking of o c cils, clay, chalk, or even scrap ar an pa d at a people her han amous Americ r style, which y tr metal to create their work. to f e decided n artist. This n the farm. H wn as o n k a is o Visual artists are usually e becam scenes of life d might paint, il d h e c d r called graphic artists or fine a o c ay re s the w le b m e s artists. Graphic artists use art to meet re ism. primitiv the needs of business clients, such as stores, ad agencies, and publishing firms. Fine artists create artwork to sell and display in museums or galleries. More than half are self-employed and must use good business skills to be successful.

Subjects to Study Art, drawing, drafting, computer skills, English, business courses

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT to Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

88

Professional & Related Occupations

The best way to prepare for this career is to take art classes, visit museums, study the styles of other artists, and practice, practice, practice.

Related Jobs Architects, except landscape and naval; archivists, curators, and museum technicians; commercial and industrial designers; fashion designers; floral designers; graphic designers; interior designers; landscape architects; photographers; woodworkers; computer software engineers; desktop publishers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Commercial and Industrial Designers On the Job

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ME These individuals are responsiTH One of ble for the look, feel, function, ING E X TRA the mo r a e ctually quality and safety of most of concer famous storie ns Posts of ind pieces of it Note the products we use everyday. s—thos ustrial design researc paper you se e litt e he They combine knowledge of but ultim r at 3M set o all over desks le colored ut to m and off ately o art, engineering, and busiak ices. A n barely stuck. T ly developed e a stronger adhesiv hree ye a weak the com ness to create sketches and e ars er o p with th any discovere later, a fellow ne that just models that are then used e stuff d he co researc an u stick, b her at in production. Often comut could d use them as ld coat scrap s of pa bookm everyw be lifte pe a here. d off w mercial and industrial ith ease rks. They wou r . ld Now th designers specialize in one ey are product or another, from automobiles to furniture. They are sometimes involved in testing and marketing products as well, and many of them are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Art, drawing, drafting, business courses, English, computer skills

Discover More On paper, design a brand-new minivan or sports car. Be sure to design both the exterior and interior. Will it have fold-down seats? A navigation system? Where will people put their cups? What kind of wheel rims do you want? Don’t forget the safety features. Check out automobile magazines for ideas.

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Related Jobs Artists and related workers; architects, except landscape and naval; engineers; landscape architects; drafters; computer software engineers; desktop publishers; fashion designers; graphic designers; interior designers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

89

Fashion Designers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Fashion designers create the

clothing, shoes, and accessories ashion re the f n a e s e worn by billions of people. ilan—th , fashio aris, M in these cities and P , n o They research fashion trends, d rich rk, Lon ry year or the f s New Yo meccas. Eve le s e ty sketch designs, select materis y ’s ir new sometim ight industr out the des of m t a r u o a o tr als, create prototypes, and y p s , r . ls se designe ing the er-thin mode n the runways h tc a W p . o oversee the production of famous clothes on su rs the outfits -edge design s a g e u in w lo tt u y their items. Some even u ll ic C rid tua ion e. who ac obably no on for their fash styles r e d n work designing costumes wo les , pr ut real dish sty swer is y put o e th The an gether outlan n for movies, television, and e to es. Th ers put grab headlin plays. Well over half of all to ar. shows can we s u f fashion designers work in either California o t the res or New York.

Subjects to Study Family and consumer sciences, art, drawing, business courses, English, computer skills

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Little change

90

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Talk to your teacher and principal about having a fall or spring fashion show. Head a committee to help with the planning, including choosing styles, models, and music. Charge a small entrance fee and give the proceeds to a local charity.

Related Jobs Artists and related workers; commercial and industrial designers; floral designers; graphic designers; interior designers; demonstrators, product promoters, and models; photographers; purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents; retail salespersons; textile, apparel, and furnishing occupations Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Floral Designers On the Job

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ME Floral designers select flowers, TH The av greenery, ribbons, and conING E X TRA erage c o s $ t for flo 500 to tainers and produce arrangew $ put it in 1,500. If tha ers at a wed ding ra t sound ments for decoration and to conte nge s like a is $22, xt: The lo 000. T a v t, it help from e special occasions. Most work r age tota he goo people s to l bill fo d ne w r a wed independently or in small there w ill continue to ws for floral ding d ill alwa g ys be a et married d esigners is tha shops doing designs for spee t market s for their pite the cost, cial events like weddings and so service s. funerals. Others work in the wholesale floral business or in the floral departments in grocery stores. Floral designers often work under deadlines (the flowers need to be fresh, after all).

Subjects to Study Botany, biology, family and consumer sciences, art, business courses, English

Discover More If you have a flower garden at home, ask your parents whether you can pick a selection of them and make a table arrangement (be sure to ask for a vase as well). Alternatively, go to the grocery store and select a bouquet with a variety of flowers. Take it home and separate each stem; then make your own original arrangement instead.

Related Jobs Artists and related workers, commercial and industrial designers, fashion designers, graphic designers, interior designers, landscape architects

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

91

Graphic Designers On the Job EXTRA

Otherwise known as graphic artists, these designers decide le gnizab o c e r t s the best way to communicate a o d by a f the m ” one o iginally create idson, who , h s message in print, film, or eleco o r e “Sw lyn Dav r a mod, was o o ld r r a o C The Nik w d o tronic format. Some graphic in the name ight, f symbols esign student under, Phil Kn has become designers develop the layout ” d o f osh graphic the company e “Swo rewarded for th n e th of newspapers and magato n justly sold it . Since of $35 idson has bee mpany. m u zines, while others work in s t v co es and Da utions to the , n o ic advertising on packaging and marketan trib ign con her des ing materials. Perhaps the hottest trend in graphic designing is developing material for Web pages. Graphic designers are expected to be familiar with the latest computer design software.

S OM E T H

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Subjects to Study Art, drawing, drafting, business courses, English, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

92

Professional & Related Occupations

On paper, create a new logo for your school. You might want to create a new mascot and motto as well. Consider how the logo might appeal to parents, students, and teachers alike. What colors look best together? What overall message do you want the new logo to send? Where in the school would you expect to see it?

Related Jobs Artists and related workers; commercial and industrial designers; fashion designers; floral designers; interior designers; computer software engineers; drafters; desktop publishers; advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers; photographers; writers and editors Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Interior Designers On the Job

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ME Interior designers are responsiTH Perhap ble for designing and arrangING E X TRA s you h a v C e hinese ing the physical space within practic heard of Fen e stems with ac g Shui. hie a building, whether it’s a T fr Throug ving harmon om Taoism a his ancient nd is co h a car y with y home, hospital, theater, ef n o you ca n incre ul arrangeme ur surroundin cerned restaurant, or office. They ase the gs. nt of sp origina flo ace, it lly base is belie d on a w of positive scientif experiment with colors, texved e c ic calcu nergy. ombina Though la ti b ti o o on, it h n of ph th a fa tures, furniture, lighting, as rece d and ilosoph a supe ntly be and space to create a safe, rstition en view y and in the U ed as nited S functional, and pleasing atmosphere. tates. More and more often they are involved in planning the layouts of buildings as well.

Subjects to Study Art, business courses, English, computer skills, family and consumer sciences, shop courses

Discover More On paper, redesign a room of your home. Check out magazines for ideas. Get paint and wallpaper samples from the hardware store. Will you recover the furniture in new fabric? Hang new drapes? Replace the flooring? Decide on a color scheme and draw the room.

Related Jobs Artists and related workers; architects, except landscape and naval; commercial and industrial designers; fashion designers; floral designers; graphic designers; landscape architects

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

93

Actors, Producers & Directors On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Actors, producers, and directors

make words come alive actors y most ait h w s t’ through plays, TV shows, and they w gh. Tha r is tou ther job while a to d c e a films. Actors play characters, n n n it as a Pitt do at ano Making ast part-time xample, Brad California. speaking the lines written in t le ne t in or e work a reak. F stauran nd comedien e b r ig d the script and adding their b o o A for their uit for a fast-f a carpenter. cosmeti r lo r a p s s y a own movements. Directors funeral le. The chicken Ford worked d as a d peop e a n k e r o d o is choose plays and scripts, r w n r o Ha rk erg i Goldb “I’d rather wo p o o h select the actors, and conW g, bservin cian, o ve.” duct rehearsals for productions. Produco don’t m ers arrange the financing and decide the size of the production and the budget. Directors and producers often work under tight deadlines and stressful conditions.

Subjects to Study English, speech, drama, music, dance, art, photography, business courses

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT to Bachelor’s degree +

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook

You can learn more about the theater by auditioning for a role in a school or community play. If being on stage is not for you, try working backstage, making props, working the lights or sound system, or helping with costumes and makeup.

Related Jobs Announcers; dancers and choreographers; musicians, singers, and related workers; writers and editors; fashion designers; top executives

Average increase

94

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Athletes, Coaches, Umpires & Related Workers On the Job

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ME From football to ice skating, TH Do you professional athletes train ING E X TRA have w h le at it tak te? The every day to stay in top physie facts: E answer, sadly s to be a pro fession very ye cal condition for competi, is pro a ar in A men pla merica bably not. He l athy high tion. Coaches organize, lead, , rough re are school basketb th ly 1 mil foo a lion yo e teach, and referee indoor pros? T ll and baseba tball; anothe u n g r5 o ll. 2 out o put it in persp How many m 00,000 play and outdoor games such as fe ective, ake it to co profess very 10,000 volleyball and soccer. Some high sc nsider this: O the ional s ports c hool ath n statistic ontra also teach specific skills, letes ev ly about :T er sign just fou he average p ct. Here’s an a r years o rofessio such as weight training, . nal spo ther sobering r ts caree tennis, and gymnastics. r lasts Umpires make sure everyone follows the rules and sometimes have to make tough decisions. All of these jobs are very competitive.

Subjects to Study Physical education, nutrition, biology, anatomy, sports education

Discover More Participate in sports or physical-fitness activities at your school or local gym or YMCA. Take classes in an activity that interests you, then ask whether you can be a team member, team manager, or coach’s assistant.

Related Jobs Dietitians and nutritionists; physical therapists; recreation workers; fitness workers; recreational therapists; teachers—preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

95

Dancers & Choreographers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Dancers express ideas and sto-

ries through the movement of e of t the ag uch a ts r ta their bodies. Dance styles tart m nally s traditio sses usually s al audig in in include classical ballet, modn a la ssio ballet tr gular ballet c st profe training ir f Pointe ir e r e ern dance, tap, jazz, and difough ave th ut the 12, alth ost dancers h r 18. B ers never o 7 1 ferent folk dances. Dancers e c r M ya dan earlier. several me the sional ballet r ti o f e t u th o perform in musicals, operas, y tions b tice for profes ancers work , most are d c 0 l a 3 a r h n e p c TV shows, movies, music r a io d a s te an ey fes ost pro By the time th and move into M . s d videos, and commercials. en y. ys very da erforming da p hours e Dancers must be strong, ir e ith th . done w horeography coordinated, and dedicated. Choreograc ing and

phers create dances and teach dancers. They may work for one company or on a freelance basis. Those who operate their own studios must have good business skills.

Subjects to Study Music, dance, physical education, drama, English, history

Education & Training Long-term OJT to Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

96

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Sign up for dance classes at a local studio. Try several styles, from ballet to tap to swing. Ask the teacher about the job. Does he or she work at another job in addition to teaching? Does he or she perform with a dance company? Be sure to attend dance performances as well.

Related Jobs Actors, producers, and directors; musicians, singers, and related workers; fashion designers; barbers, cosmetologists, and other personal appearance workers; athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Musicians, Singers & Related Workers On the Job

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ME Musicians and singers play TH Did you instruments and perform vocal ING E X TRA ever wo b nder w efore th music. They may perform hat fam ous mu hit it big ey were famo us? So alone or in groups, before sicians early, b m d from o e bscurity ut others had , like Britney id live audiences or in record. Garth Spears to work as a nig , Brooks their w h ing studios. Composers , for in ay up Mariah tclub bounce s ta r n Carey worked while waiting ce, beefed up salon. write original songs for to be d As for n ig h ts Madon is as a ja she did bands, orchestras, or na—th nitor in covered. counte e a u r lt beau D im d o uty at th a nuts. singers. Conductors lead e Time te material g ty s Squa re Dun irl— musical groups such as kin’ orchestras, dance bands, and ensembles. Most musicians work nights and weekends and must travel to perform. Because it’s so hard to support themselves with music, many take other jobs as well. Many musicians work in cities with recording studios, such as New York, Los Angeles, and Nashville.

Subjects to Study Vocal music, instrumental music, English, creative writing, business courses

Discover More Participate in your school band, orchestra, or choir. Audition for a role in a school or community musical. Take lessons to learn a musical instrument.

Related Jobs Precision instrument and equipment repairers; actors, producers, and directors; announcers; dancers and choreographers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Long-term OJT to Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

97

Announcers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Radio announcers (or disc jock-

eys) plan and perform radio fore tellves be athe s m e programs. They may choose ilies g rtain th to ente d earlier, fam d to o d and play music, interview le e p n a ten id peo 1940s and lis , and e r e th n What d in in guests, and write program shows after d ? Well, evision e radio sterns, variety ays were as th d n material. Television announcu d e o p ered ar , comedies, W stars in those of the makeu s ll io ers and newscasters prepare mysterie operas. Rad rs—without a p ta a s o s V and present the news, T n s e y’ ev as toda course. r la u p weather, and sports, although most po s, of tabloid or the specialize in one of these areas. They may work unusual hours, including very early in the morning and very late at night. When emergency situations arise, they must be there to cover them for the news.

Subjects to Study English, public speaking, drama, foreign languages, electronics, computer skills

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Associate degree

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Declining

98

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Ask the principal at your school if you can make the morning announcements one day. Write out your “intro” and try to make it humorous or catchy. Can you entertain your audience members while you keep them informed? That’s the job of an announcer.

Related Jobs News analysts, reporters, and correspondents; interpreters and translators; actors, producers, and directors; musicians, singers, and related workers; broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators; publicrelations specialists; writers and editors Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Broadcast & Sound Engineering Technicians & Radio Operators On the Job

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ME Broadcast and sound engineerTH Did you ing technicians work with ING E X TRA ever wo s n ound— electronic equipment to maybe der how a m oviema blast o th e hum ke fa record and transmit radio made b star explodin of a spacecra r got a certain ft g? The y sound and television programs. soundtr engine or the sives to mixers, a c ck in u a s b in bage to g They operate, install, and dubbin corn fla everything fr a movie is g, soun om exp kes. Us d mixe movie repair microphones, TV loing a p rs sit a screen r ocess c t a con and ad music. cameras, tape recorders, a s o lled d le Th th facing the which b e sounds are e special-effe and antennas. They often ct soun then m ecome d s the m ix ovie’s s ed on one m s and work holidays, weekends, oundtra aster ta pe, ck. and evenings for news programs. When disasters happen, they must be on the scene to record the news. Setting up equipment sometimes requires heavy lifting and climbing.

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, physics, electronics, English, computer skills

Discover More Build your own electronic equipment using a hobby kit. Check a toy or hobby store to see what kind of equipment is available. Operating a “ham” or amateur radio is great experience for this occupation.

Related Jobs Engineering technicians, science technicians, electrical and electronics installers and repairers, computer support specialists and systems administrators, communications equipment operators

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Associate degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

99

Interpreters and Translators On the Job EXTRA

Interpreters and translators convert spoken and written words ns merica at’s A e iv f h from one language into ry T t of eve home? Chione ou n English at , t h a another. These language speis th n know er tha ak Spa lanDid you language oth ple who spe r e cialists also relay concepts and eo a me oth o speaks n 50 million p ussian, or so ple wh o e p ideas between languages. r R a o f , e more th nch, German rowing need nd thes a h s li g e g s r They must thoroughly gencie een En ine the nese, F o imag interpret betw government a comS . e understand the subject g a gu nd nd em slate a esses a help th n in a to s tr u s r b n about which they are transca lato any ges. M need for trans langua t . lating. They also need to be n s r e e n urg custom ir e have a th h sensitive to other cultures. This work can te wit munica be sporadic, and many interpreters and translators work part time.

S OM E T H

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Subjects to Study English, speech, foreign languages, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

100

Professional & Related Occupations

The United Nations is an assembly of representatives from countries all over the world. The UN’s job is to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to help solve international problems, and to promote human rights and freedoms. Its headquarters in New York employs many translators. Learn more about the UN at www.un.org/ Pubs/CyberSchoolBus.

Related Jobs Teachers, announcers, writers and editors, computer software engineers, court reporters, medical transcriptionists

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

News Analysts, Reporters & Correspondents On the Job

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ME News analysts, reporters, and TH Though correspondents gather inforING E X TRA it migh t f ront of s mation and write articles or the cam eem glamoro us often c e ra, rep all deliver reports about events orters a at times to b e in every p ed upon to d o dang nd correspon re around the world. Some take dents a erous w corresp caution is tak re ork. Th en ondents photographs or shoot ough deadly often fin to ensure the situatio ir d them ns 2003, selves in safety, war videos. Radio and television had cla . The war in poten Iraq, b im years la reporters often report “live” egun in tially ter, nea ed the lives o Ma f r were k from the scene of crimes illed in ly the same n 67 journalists rch of umber the Vie three tnam c or disasters. The work is onflict. of journalists as usually hectic and stressful and the deadlines are tight. Reporting can be dangerous work and requires long hours, irregular schedules, and lots of travel.

Subjects to Study English, journalism, social studies, history, creative writing, speech, computer skills, foreign languages

Discover More Collect three or more newspapers that are all reporting on the same story. Read the reports and then make notes about how each newspaper’s story differs from the others. The facts may be the same, but one paper may choose to play up sensational aspects while another pushes a different viewpoint.

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Writers and editors, public relations specialists, announcers, interpreters and translators

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Little change

Professional & Related Occupations

101

Photographers On the Job EXTRA

Photographers use cameras to record people, places, and tory ord his It c e r to events on film. Most specialize meras apers. their ca s and newsp , a phoe s u in commercial, portrait, or ts e Eldon urnalis agazin Photojo events for m In 1992, Dan , went to journalistic photography. ws rk. is irer and ne ous wo delphia Inqu Because of h r e g n Commercial photographers a a d il re. can be r from the Ph ine the s to the e m li a f p p e e u may take school or wedding h food s ment th pular tograp to docu an delivering t was not po ear a li a pictures or photos for ads. m a g y So U.S. be y—a move th . Less than a alia. e th , k r tr s r Portrait photographers wo de Som oun aged c Somalian lea by a mob in war-rav e th work in studios, taking th a e f to d me o with so n was stoned pictures of people for ldo later, E 2 years old. 2 special occasions. Journalistic photographers s He wa work for newspapers and magazines.

S OM E T H

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Subjects to Study English, journalism, photography, art, creative writing, business courses

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Average increase

102

Professional & Related Occupations

Take photos of special people and places in your life. Try using different kinds of film and different lenses. For example, use black-and-white film to photograph your neighborhood. Use a telephoto lens to take pictures of small flowers and insects. Create a portfolio of what you consider to be your best work and show it around.

Related Jobs Architects, except landscape and naval; artists and related workers; commercial and industrial designers; fashion designers; graphic designers; news analysts, reporters, and correspondents; television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Public Relations Specialists On the Job

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ME Public relations specialists TH Who ta work to present a good image ING E X TRA kes the h th eat e White of their clients to the public. House? head-on whe you’ve n there If you ne Their job is to make sure the The pre ver seen a W answered “th ’s a scandal in e hite Ho ss secre clients’ good news is spread use new president,” tary is House th s a e n con d li n the wo far and wide and to put a press s rld. Wh k between th ference. ecretar e White e n scan yw and trie positive “spin” on bad news. s to de ho faces repo dal strikes, it fu ’ rters, a taries o They write press releases nswers s the ften ref se the situatio q e n u th r . es to F e world ormer the pos and speeches and set up .” press s tions, ition as e cre“the to “photo opportunities” of ughest job in their clients doing good things. Many work more than 40 hours a week. In an emergency, they may be on call around the clock.

Subjects to Study English, creative writing, journalism, psychology, sociology, computer skills, speech, foreign languages

Discover More Write a weekly press release for your class, announcing some good news or interesting event. Be sure the release is honest but puts forth the best possible image. Keep it short and snappy to be sure it gets attention!

Related Jobs Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers; demonstrators, product promoters, and models; news analysts, reporters, and correspondents; lawyers; market and survey researchers; sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

103

Television, Video & Motion Picture Camera Operators & Editors On the Job EXTRA

Camera operators work behind the scenes on TV shows, docug mmakin r il f in mentaries, motion pictures, possible Among othe m . what’s il f p f o e m u and industrial films. They g w G ta orrest ood vie red vin dy, e n n For a g t the movie F ced and alte e K shoot the film you see on ren John F. spli today, makers g hands with ath. Or take m il f screen, sometimes from high e in de tricks, th e hero shak nedy ’s rd of n o L e K e r th th te up on scaffolding or flat on to show n 30 years af Gollum from rough CGI r a th te th h c d c a e their bellies on the ground. r te r te a a o m ch cre s in e of the , a character Rapid change rofess a c e They may work long, irregth p ies agery). anding gs mov the Rin r-generated im ing and dem ular hours in places all over te xcit (compu ake this an e the world. Film editors m nology to. in t e look at the hundreds of hours worth of film g sion to shot for a project and decide which scenes to include and which to cut to produce the final product.

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Subjects to Study English, journalism, photography, art, business courses, electronics

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

104

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Use a digital camcorder to make your own movie. These cameras let you load your movie onto a computer and then alter the images in countless ways. Give your leading lady green hair, edit in an explosion or two, drop in a few aliens, and make your own science-fiction flick.

Related Jobs Artists and related workers, broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators, photographers, graphic designers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Writers & Editors On the Job

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ME Writers write novels and nonTH So you fiction books, articles, scripts, ING E X TRA want to w be a w rite? N plays, poems, and ads. They rite e Trollop xt time you fe r, but you ca e. This n must also be able to sell what el that Eng way, co ’t find time to time at nsider the pos lish novelist they have written. Editors Anthon in the 1 t office books y , ye 80 tha choose the stories and books time? H t are still in p t managed to 0s worked fu ll rint tod e wrote write d a o of pag that publishing houses will es ever by the clock— y. How did he zens of y da produc a day w print. Magazine editors ing a s find the ill prod y. Trollope o et num n u S c c o e e as m unless wrote, ber choose articles for publicauch as “Three nothing you have tw a h m o a u n rs o ought to stoppin f tion and assign stories to g you. ull-time jobs, write.” th ere sho writers. Many of them also uld be write stories and articles. Editors also review, rewrite, and correct the work of writers. Technical writers write training manuals, catalogs, assembly instructions, and project proposals.

Subjects to Study English, creative writing, journalism, computer skills, history, psychology

Discover More Submit a story to a local newspaper or magazine. Check out The Writer’s Market for those publications that encourage young writers, such as Stone Soup. You could also enter a writing contest.

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs News analysts, reporters, and correspondents; interpreters and translators; announcers; public relations specialists

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

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Audiologists On the Job S OM E T H

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Audiologists work with people

who cannot hear as well as they 95, rica 19 e m A s r should. They use audiometers, um, Mis s restored he ing r McCall k to e a c e n o p computers, and other testing to d s s l gh fe unti r White d throu hearing te a Heathe most of her li ic n devices to diagnose hearing a af commu fully in ademy was de 02. She quite success c 0 A 2 and balance disorders. They n in a on hearing ing and lived Lesser atlin w a M f o e c le n r n e n recommend treatments such and da af actress Ma movie Childr ding a stint o e e lu e D c th h . T in as hearing aids, implants, or ld in , r n s o le le wo r her ro several TV ro political aide o f d r a surgery. They work in hosAw ad as a d has h g role God an nd a recurrin pitals, nursing homes, and a Seinfeld g. schools. Those who work in private pracin West W tice also must have good business sense.

Subjects to Study English, math, physics, chemistry, biology, psychology

Discover More Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

You have probably had a hearing test at school. The next time hearing tests are being done at your school, ask the nurse or other person giving the test to tell you more about it. How does it measure hearing loss? What happens if a student is found to have a hearing loss?

Related Jobs Occupational therapists, optometrists, physical therapists, psychologists, recreational therapists, counselors, speechlanguage pathologists

Job Outlook Average increase

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Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Chiropractors On the Job

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ME Chiropractors help people who TH What d have problems with their musING E X TRA oes a c h h iroprac eadach cles, nerves, or skeleton, espetor hav es? As e to do result f it turns o w rom po cially the spine. They or postu ut, quite a lo ith treating the spin t. Head re, tens al cord examine patients, order tests, ac io . realign ment e Using massa n, or a misali hes can and take X rays. They treat ge, hea gnmen xercise can he s an t of t therap lp y, and headac people who s d techniques, patients by massaging or uffer fr he om per chiropractors headac s. They also adjusting the spinal colsis teach p hes in the firs eople h tent or chron treatme t ic umn. They also use water ow to p p nt of a lace, w revent ll. hich m ig ht be th and heat therapy. They e best stress nutrition, exercise, and reducing stress in treatment. They do not prescribe drugs or perform surgery. Many are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Health, biology, anatomy, nutrition, chemistry, physics, psychology, math

Discover More Aromatherapy is the practice of using different smells to relax, calm, or energize yourself. Try an experiment at home. Buy several different scented candles. Each evening at dinner, light a different candle. (Get your parents’ permission first!) How do the different scents affect your mood (or your appetite)?

Related Jobs Athletic trainers, massage therapists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, physicians and surgeons, podiatrists, veterinarians

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Professional degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

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Dentists On the Job S OM E T H

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Dentists help people take care

of their teeth. They remove years, 7,000 ly r a te teeth and straighten them with n ea ing for ome of the tr n, practic lo s y n e b e a iz braces, repair broken teeth, e B n b have ncient t recog Dentists you might no dentistry. In a yers, and and fill cavities. They may h as ra althoug d back then sed worms, p Ages, dentists replace a patient’s original e s u u ” dle all ments dentists ay. In the Mid hough about “ , le p m teeth with a “bridge” of false to ns—alt oth dec for exa treat to e first surgeo hich they did to s teeth. They may also perb r w th , he sidered remove teeth n think of. n o c e r a form surgery to treat gum we uc was ition yo uld do they co ly every cond disease. They teach people how to ar treat ne brush, floss, and care for their teeth to prevent problems. They wear masks, gloves, and safety glasses to protect themselves from infectious diseases. Many are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Biology, anatomy, chemistry, physics, health, math, business courses

Discover More Education & Training Professional degree

Earnings $$$$$

The next time you visit your dentist—and before you have to open wide—ask him or her about the job. What kind of training is available in your area? What is the best part of the job? What’s the worst? Is your dentist bothered that so many people are afraid of dentists?

Related Jobs Chiropractors, optometrists, physicians and surgeons, podiatrists, psychologists, veterinarians

Job Outlook Average increase

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Dietitians & Nutritionists On the Job

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ME Dietitians and nutritionists TH What’s plan, prepare, and serve meals ING E X TRA your fa v s orite fo alad, o in clinics, schools, nursing od r eat affe a big, greasy ? Is it a healt homes, and hospitals. They hy, low cts our burger -fa liv w 65% of Americ es in countles ith fries? The t help prevent and treat illan adu food w s ways. ing hab e lts C its can nesses by teaching clients to lead to are overweig urrently abou diabete ht, and t obesity s, hear , lo td ba Learnin eat properly. Some specialg to ea isease, and c w energy and d eatertain k th differen ize in helping overweight inds of fatigue, ce in yo ealthy foods canc n u o r w life tod or critically ill patients, or ay and will make a h er. tomorr uge ow. in caring for kidney or diabetic patients. Those supervising kitchen workers may be on their feet most of the day in a hot, steamy kitchen. Some are selfemployed and act as consultants.

Subjects to Study Health, nutrition, family and consumer sciences, biology, chemistry, English, accounting

Discover More Plan and help prepare a healthy, low-fat meal for your family for each day of the week. Be sure to include grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and foods high in protein.

Related Jobs

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Food service managers, registered nurses

Job Outlook Above-average increase

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Occupational Therapists On the Job S OM E T H

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Occupational therapists help

people with disabilities become gs, of settin s d in k w independent and productive. rk in all did you kno t ists wo u p B h a r it . e They may help a patient learn w ls th a k ational mes to hospit ls? Many wor ke a m Occup s o o h o id to use a wheelchair or work ursing presch lping k from n also work in ren, he m ready for d il h c on a new skill. They also d e y e that the entally delay nities to get th children play m tu help patients find jobs and r s, and helping develop e and oppo involve s, work puzzle m t ti h t s ig develop job skills. They lo m up rk ilitie This wo nge their ab . l. o o h usually work in hospitals, sc ors alle that ch ons and sciss y games a schools, or rehab centers. Some provide r c use learn to home health care. The job can be tiring, and therapists must sometimes lift patients and move heavy equipment.

Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, physics, health, art, psychology, English, foreign languages

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Volunteer at a local nursing home to help with activities. You might teach a stroke victim to knit, read to a person whose sight is fading, or simply visit someone whose family is far away.

Related Jobs Audiologists, chiropractors, physical therapists, recreational therapists, respiratory therapists, speech-language pathologists

Job Outlook Rapid increase

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Optometrists On the Job

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ME Optometrists examine people’s TH We all eyes to diagnose vision probING E X TRA know th a w t in the e will b lems and eye diseases. They fu e using profess lasers to ture (if the mo ionals prescribe glasses and contact vies a zap are alr In LASIK eady u each other. B re right) eye sur lenses and treat certain eye sing la portion gery, d sers to ut medical oc o disorders. Some optometrists front o f your cornea tors use a las treat patients fy — er . clearer our eye—to r the clear cove to vaporize a work especially with the eshape vision. ring ov it, ultim e elderly or children. Others ately re r the sulting in develop ways to protect workers’ eyes from on-the-job strain or injury. Many are selfemployed and work evenings and weekends to meet their patients’ schedules.

Subjects to Study Physics, chemistry, biology, anatomy, psychology, speech, math

Discover More With your teacher, contact a local optometrist and ask him or her to visit your school, talk about the job, and do a basic vision screening.

Related Jobs Chiropractors, dentists, physicians and surgeons, podiatrists, psychologists, veterinarians

Education & Training Professional degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

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Pharmacists On the Job S OM E T H

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Pharmacists measure and sell

medication to people who are uesering q w s e s n e a sick when a doctor says they th s job is public, rmacist’ ork with the h it a h w p need it. They must know y d a reme art of cists w A big p ause pharma take this cold of this wart?” about the correct use, compoec nI tions. B ge from “Ca ow do I get rid expert for sition, and effects of drugs. n e H a th might r reliever?” to “ makes them es have s a c l a r e , They tell patients about e in this pa cial knowledg e. In fact, sev octors’ errors d e k li p g s a in medicines, including reacs ir h r e atc cto Th and do pharmacists c ts n e ti tions and possible side pa of ported ffects. been re life-saving e effects, and answer questions. Those in ith often w hospitals and clinics advise doctors and nurses on drugs and their effects. Most pharmacists spend much of the workday on their feet. They may wear gloves and safety masks when working with drugs. Many work nights and weekends.

Subjects to Study Math, biology, chemistry, physics, social sciences, English, foreign languages

Education & Training Professional degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

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Discover More Talk to a pharmacist and ask about the training needed for this job. Ask how he or she keeps up with new drugs that hit the market every day. Then, just for fun, ask about the most ridiculous question he or she has ever been asked on the job.

Related Jobs Pharmacy technicians, pharmacy aides, biological scientists, medical scientists, chemists and materials scientists, physicians and surgeons

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Physical Therapists On the Job

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ME Physical therapists work with TH Have y accident victims, stroke ING E X TRA ou eve r h s e ome ne patients, and people with disw weig ard the term p ht-loss cal the rapists miracle assive exercis abilities. They evaluate can he e? It’s ; able to it’s sim lp patie n m patients and make plans to nts who ply a way ph ot pist stre ove their mu y h s iscle av tc help them recover their flexibilit hes the patien s for a long e not been time. T y. Grad t’s join he ther ts u her ow physical abilities and relieve an musc ally, the patie and muscles n le to t c s is b . build egins to e with The pa pain. They may use elecweights tient ca move h . n then tricity, heat, or cold to begin to is or exerrelieve pain, reduce swelling, or increase flexibility. They work in hospitals, clinics, and private offices. Physical therapists must be strong enough to move patients and heavy equipment.

Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, anatomy, English, foreign languages

Discover More Talk to the gym teacher at your school about this kind of work. Ask him or her to help you put together an exercise plan to help you build your own strength and endurance.

Related Jobs Audiologists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, recreational therapists, counselors, respiratory therapists, speech-language pathologists

Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

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Physician Assistants On the Job S OM E T H

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Physician assistants always work

under the supervision of a tates, nited S ities U e th n in physician. They handle many unities commu , s l comm supply. Some ie a r it u n r of the routine but timeu , comm short y small In man octors are in at all. In such health care consuming tasks physicians rs ld ary medica esident docto are the prim -day basis, do, such as taking medical r ) o y-to (PAs have n e clinic n a da istants o th s s s ts it a n is e n v ti records, examining patients, doctor ll the physicia . They see pa can ca isits. A s v r A e e P id ic and ordering X rays and e f v f o th o pr routine week, though s. g n li d n ie tests. They also treat minor ha nc ys a emerge two da one or r advice or in injuries. They often work weekends fo doctor and evenings, and may make house calls or go to nursing homes to check on patients. Physician assistants are usually on their feet for long periods of time.

Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, math, psychology, English, foreign languages, anatomy, nutrition

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Discover More To learn more about this job, check out the Web site of the American Academy of Physician Assistants: www.aapa.org/geninfo1.html.

Related Jobs Audiologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, registered nurses, speech-language pathologists

Job Outlook Rapid increase

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Physicians & Surgeons On the Job

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ME Physicians help people who are TH When a sick or have been hurt. They ING E X TRA woman n goes in ight, w examine patients, perform h to labo r often w o does she ca tests, prescribe treatments, ork as ll? Her in the middle part of doctor! of the share th ag O e and teach people about hours a work of deliv roup practice bstetricians ering b nd on so that health care. Surgeons perwe ab th the wee k, a dif ekends and h ies who arrive ey can ferent d olidays and ha form operations on patients after . Each octor is ndle em n ig o e s n o h r g me nig t of with life-threatening illness hts to s encies. That w call to deliver pend a b a a y , bies o and injuries. Physicians b stetricia t home ns get with th e ir own work in hospitals, clinics, and private familie s. practice. Many work 60 hours a week or more. They may be on call for emergency visits to the hospital. Most doctors must travel frequently from their offices to hospitals to care for patients.

Subjects to Study Physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, health, nutrition, English, math

Discover More Call your local hospital and ask about volunteer opportunities. Many have programs that let young people visit with or read to patients, deliver packages, greet visitors, and help with the library cart.

Related Jobs Chiropractors, dentists, optometrists, physician assistants, podiatrists, registered nurses, veterinarians

Education & Training Professional degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

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Podiatrists On the Job EXTRA

Podiatrists diagnose and treat diseases and injuries of the foot t has foo en s n a ic r m e and lower leg. They may treat s four Am es as likely a leone in e m t ti e a s r corns, calluses, ingrown toeo th u h know are fo lprit? T omDid you ? And women lems! The cu c e nails, bunions, and arch s perts r ob problem erious foot pr That’s why ex occasionally. problems. They also treat s . ly s to have -heeled shoe high heels on sensible, wide h r d ankle and foot injuries, gant hig t women wea rs recommen a to c th o d deformities, and infections. d n r, e m . ea yday w r tennis shoes r e v e r They take care of foot problems o Fo t shoes toed, fla caused by diseases such as diabetes. They prescribe medications and order physical therapy. They set broken bones and perform surgery. Podiatrists usually run their own small businesses, but they may also visit patients in nursing homes and perform surgeries at hospitals.

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Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, physics, anatomy, health, English

Discover More Education & Training Professional degree

Earnings $$$$$

For more information on this job, see the careers section of the Web site for the American Podiatric Medical Association: www.apma.org/careers.htm.

Related Jobs Athletic trainers, chiropractors, massage therapists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, physicians and surgeons

Job Outlook Average increase

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Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Radiation Therapists On the Job

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ME Radiation therapists use TH Cancer machines to administer radiaING E X TRA is the c a p use of le per y tion treatment to cancer de e discove ar and more ath for nearly patients. The machines projred eac than a h million 500,000 peo can Ca n ncer So year as well, ect high-energy X rays that accord ew cases are ciety. Y with ex in e e t g r m c to is o e and a st canc shrink and sometimes checku ers are the Amerihealt ps third of . And of cour hy diet, not to preventable destroy cancerous cells. se cancer m cases a , it pays not to ention routin Therapists advise patients re the r e s moke, esult of and perform the treatment. They tobacco as a use. most often work in hospitals and cancer treatment centers. Great care is taken to prevent overexposure to the radiation.

Subjects to Study English, anatomy, psychology, physics, chemistry, biology

Discover More To learn more about radiation therapy and the work therapists perform, visit the National Cancer Institute’s Web site at www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/radiationtherapy-and-you.

Related Jobs Radiation technologists and technicians, diagnostic medical sonographers, nuclear medicine technicians, dental hygienists, respiratory therapists, registered nurses, physicians and surgeons.

Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

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Recreational Therapists On the Job S OM E T H

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Recreational therapists help

people with medical problems ut putow abo ecH ? r e n improve their health and wellities dir rty plan orn pa people? Activ b la being. They teach patients r e help a natu s for th Are you gift to work to n fun activitie r woodworkgames, arts and crafts, dance, pla ur r ts, o ting yo rsing homes afts, ar ide groups fo r c h music, and sports activities. c u a ts n tors in might te s; bring in ou and y s e ie h il T . m g ts a These activities help patients n. residen nize sing-alon e residents’ f the law it n a v o g in r ic o r regain skills they’ve lost n o ; pic ing ms; er or a progra n l in ia d c l e because of illness or injury and sp ecia to a sp friends improve their state of mind. They work closely with medical staff in hospitals and nursing homes. They must be strong enough to move patients and equipment and to participate in activities.

Subjects to Study English, speech, communication skills, anatomy, psychology, health, art, music, dance, physical education

Discover More Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Volunteer some time each week at a nursing home in your neighborhood. Ask the activities director whether you can help him or her plan and carry out activities for the residents. You might help with an art project, read to a patient, or call out numbers in the Bingo game.

Related Jobs Occupational therapists, physical therapists, recreation workers

Job Outlook Little change

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Registered Nurses On the Job

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ME Registered nurses care for the TH You mig sick and injured and help peoING E X TRA ht know k now th that nu ple stay well. In clinics, hospia rses he lp docto on one t if you have surgery ? Acco tals, and nursing homes, they rding to , your li rs, but did yo more r u fe migh eg sev provide much of the day-tot depen ing sur istered nurses eral studies, d ge hospita h day care for patients, under ls w becaus ries than thos ave lower de a e it’s o e th rates ith w it h fewe ften a n a bad a doctor’s supervision. They foll r nurse urse wh reactio s. That’ own o to g n e o s ry. It’s take patient histories, give a fact: a drug or com tices if a patie Nurses nt has plicatio shots and medicines, and save liv ns from es. surteach patients about helping with their own care. Some assist in surgeries. Nurses work nights, weekends, and holidays, and they often work long shifts. They must be able to cope with emergencies and high stress.

Subjects to Study Health, biology, chemistry, physics, anatomy, psychology, nutrition, English, foreign languages

Discover More One of the best ways to learn about working in the medical field is to volunteer at a hospital or nursing home. You might organize activities, visit with patients, deliver supplies, or help with basic patient care.

Related Jobs Emergency medical technicians and paramedics; licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses; massage therapists; medical and health services managers; nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides; occupational therapists; physical therapists; physician assistants; respiratory therapists; social workers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Professional & Related Occupations

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Respiratory Therapists On the Job EXTRA

Respiratory therapists care for patients with breathing probnd days, a sufl a r e v lems, from premature babies se air, we ter for without nd if we out wa t h u it B w to heart attack victims. They . s e can liv several week w minutes. A e die. e People r f w o , f perform tests, connect food r only a utes or more in without damage afte l in a m ic e it r patients to machines that in c in so or n fer bra of air f therapists are owning, and d e iv r help in breathing, and ent, dr are dep y respiratory ed h n, accid athing restor w te f s teach patients how to use O t’ a . s re Th cy room t have their b cur. n e g r e c these machines at home. em no mus victims r treatment ca stroke e Therapists may also help in surgery by th any o before removing mucus from a patient’s lungs so that he or she can breathe more easily. Those in hospitals spend most of their time on their feet. They must be able to work calmly in emergencies.

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Subjects to Study Health, biology, chemistry, anatomy, physics, English

Discover More Education & Training Voc/tech training to Associate degree

Earnings $$$$

Asthma is on the rise in the United States, especially among children. Talk to someone who has asthma and find out what type of medicine or therapy he or she uses to prevent or treat asthma attacks.

Related Jobs Registered nurses, occupational therapists, physical therapists, radiation therapists

Job Outlook Above-average increase

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Speech-Language Pathologists On the Job

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ME Sometimes called speech theraTH People pists, speech-language patholING E X TRA who stu tt s er often moothly ogists work with people who choir o when they sp can speak an d sing rw eak as cannot speak well. They m part of tists use hen reciting a grou ore the Ple d this f teach patients how to p, as in dge of act to in who stu Alle a ve tte improve their language worn in r. It looks like nt a device th giance. Scien at help the ear. a small sp like he skills. They may teach sign or she The aid make hearing aid th eople is sp s it sou a speak m language to non-speaking nd to th t is ore flue eaking in a e g per n r oup, so tly. patients, and they also he or s son he can work with people who have swallowing difficulties. Some conduct research on how people communicate.

Subjects to Study English, foreign languages, speech, biology, chemistry, physics, psychology

Discover More Speech therapists help clients learn to speak clearly. Practice your speaking skills by recording yourself while reading. Play back the recording and listen to your speaking skills. Are you clear and understandable? If not, practice speaking in front of a mirror and watch how you make the sounds.

Related Jobs

Education & Training Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Audiologists, occupational therapists, optometrists, physical therapists, psychologists, recreational therapists

Job Outlook Average increase

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Veterinarians On the Job EXTRA

Veterinarians care for pets, farm animals, zoo residents, and laba oo has r the z e th t oratory animals. They set brophant a roat? O n an ele has a sore th n-staff vete h ken bones, treat injuries, w s o appen giraffe os have ese doctors o z What h che? Or the t s o prescribe medicine, perform ls. Th ha ed? M stomac s a tooth pull r their anima all kinds of surgery, and vaccinate anio d f r d e lion ne s to help care e programs fo to sharks an s n is e mals against diseases. They erinaria iet and exerc and flamingo s and, when d m s a e y r e th g k teach people how to care for o e n n r v o p a pla from m ise breeding ts probably h — ls a v e im r animals. Most veterinarians an pe oo v They su ! gery. Z lizards. , perform sur t in the world treat animals in private ry lis necessa diverse client clinics or hospitals and work 50 hours or st the mo more a week. They may work nights and weekends. Those treating large animals travel to farms or ranches to see their patients. A number of veterinarians engage in research.

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Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, physics, zoology, English

Education & Training Professional degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook

Discover More Visit an animal shelter and talk to the workers about volunteer opportunities. Some shelters let volunteers come in to feed, bathe, play with, and pet the animals.

Related Jobs Chiropractors, dentists, optometrists, physicians and surgeons, podiatrists, biological scientists, medical scientists, animal care and service workers, veterinary technologists and technicians

Average increase

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Athletic Trainers On the Job

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ME Athletic trainers specialize in TH Injuries the prevention and treatment ING E X TRA are com a mon in voiding of injuries to muscles and s scrapes them. Sprain ports—there s and s simply bones, most often related to are a d is no trains, injuries im bruises can ofte e a dozen, b injury playing sports, trainand ut the m and eq n be av uipmen oided w ore ser ing, or exercising. They are t. T ious injuries it are the he two most h the proper training commo importa ankles also heavily involved in the n sites and kn n fo ee and no t to have the rehabilitation process. They right sh s. Thus it is a r sports t to ove lways oes, gu rstress your bo work in hospitals and clina dy by p rds, and brac es, u shing to ics, but also with college and profeso hard . sional sports teams. Many of them work long hours, and night and weekend work is common.

Subjects to Study Health, physical education, biology, anatomy, physics, chemistry

Discover More If your school has sports teams, it probably has an athletic trainer that it consults in case of injury or for education. See if you can interview that person and ask him or her what training was required for the job.

Related Jobs Emergency medical technicians and paramedics, physical therapists, physician assistants, registered nurses, licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses, recreational therapists, occupational therapists, respiratory therapists

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

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Cardiovascular Technologists & Technicians On the Job S OM E T H

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Cardiovascular technologists

and technicians help doctors ) test diogram . A r a c o tr treat heart and blood vessel c al exam KG (ele or an E art of a physic G by f k diseases. They use a variety of s a s often or as p inisters an EK t, and n o ti Doctor a r s tests, monitor the results, prean ope chnician adm s arms, che s. before te nt’ impulse r e l ti a la a u ic p pare patients for procedures, c tr s c a a cardiov electrodes to the heart’s ele st, in which g s te and sometimes assist in surattachin achine record e is the stress e technician c m th ti c A e a il gery. They may schedule . r s h p n lw leg commo n a treadmil r e th o o patient appointments, type An lks ent wa G test. the pati his or her EK doctors’ reports, keep patient files, and rs monito care for the testing equipment. They usually work in hospitals and clinics and may work evenings and weekends.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, communication skills, math, computer skills, health, biology, anatomy

Discover More Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$

Talk to an EKG supervisor or a cardiologist at your local hospital. Ask a technician about on-the-job training opportunities in your area. The hospital staff can tell you more about this job.

Related Jobs Diagnostic medical sonographers, nuclear medicine technologists, radiation therapists, radiologic technologists and technicians, respiratory therapists

Job Outlook Rapid increase

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Clinical Laboratory Technologists & Technicians On the Job

SO

ME These workers do medical tests TH Cancer to help detect, diagnose, and ING E X TRA is a de a a d re help treat diseases. They match ing doc ly disease, bu t today smears tors win ’s scree blood types, test for drug levdetect the wa nin cervica r breast agains l cance cancer, t this kil g tests els, and look for abnormal r, mam and bio suspicio ler. Pap mog ps u cells. They analyze test adminis s tissues are c ies help deter rams find mine w an te he analysis rs the test, he cerous. After results and send them back the doc ther . It is th or she tor s e a e n la nd d decid to doctors. Special equipes whe b technician w s it to a lab f e r th or s are in ho tests e ment allows them to do the bus r they are ca ncerou the samples iness o s. Thes f saving more than one test at a e work lives. time. They may work nights and weekends. They wear gloves and masks to protect themselves from infections and diseases.

Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, physics, computer skills, math

Discover More Rub slices of white bread against different surfaces: a trash can, your hair, the inside of your desk, the floor, dirt, whatever. Seal each piece in a plastic bag with a label telling what it touched. Let the bags sit for a week, then look at them through a magnifying glass. Which surface generated the most mold? (Important: When you’re finished, throw the bags away without opening them. Mold can make you sick!)

Related Jobs Chemists and materials scientists, science technicians, veterinary technologists and technicians

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Associate degree to Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

125

Dental Hygienists On the Job EXTRA

Dental hygienists examine patients’ teeth and gums to r st, eithe of ti n e d find disease. They help denvisit the d or because end fraid to ha a a y f e e tists by cleaning patients’ r o th a eople rience rs. Part m e th t Many p f a bad expe rd from othe u teeth, taking and developing ea eo nts to p becaus ries they ’ve h lking to patie d having a X rays, and applying fluoride n to ta s ra horror occupa duties is ommunicato is s t’ th is in n treatments. They teach ie good c portant tal hyg r the r ” is im t is, the easie Being a e . n e s n patients how to brush and a a e at em en hair-sid laxed the pati c “ d o floss their teeth correctly. go re e more tion. Th be. Many work part-time for more than ill exam w one dentist, and they often work on weekends and evenings. They wear gloves and masks to protect themselves from diseases.

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Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, health, nutrition, anatomy, English, foreign languages

Discover More Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

126

Professional & Related Occupations

Dentists contend that flossing is just as important as brushing and recommend doing it at least once a day. Take an anonymous survey of your class and other classes, asking how often people brush and floss their teeth. The results might surprise you. Better yet, they might make you want to become a dental hygienist.

Related Jobs Dental assistants, medical assistants, occupational therapist assistants and aides, physical therapist assistants and aides, physician assistants, registered nurses

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Diagnostic Medical Sonographers On the Job

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ME Sonographers use special TH Ultraso machines that send sound ING E X TRA unds a r e p very he regnan waves through the body to lpful in t These im woman is ca rrying m determining w diagnose illness. Doctors use ages sh he ore tha more f ow twin etu n one b ther a s, triple the results of these tests to a McCau ses growing ts by , and s ins gh ometim . find tumors, check growing reveale ey ’s surprise ide. Imagine e s d B in 199 7 when obbi woman seven babies fetuses, and make medical a ! Mrs. M n in reco rd cCaugh ultrasound but her decisions. Sonographers are ey was record ed history to de th w Texas d on their feet for long perielivered as short lived liver live septu e first as Nke octuple m Chu plets, ts only ods and may have to lift kwu of a year later. patients. Most work normal hours, although they may be on call for emergencies.

Subjects to Study Health, biology, math, shop courses, computer science, English

Discover More To learn more about sonography, visit an obstetrician’s office and ask to watch an ultrasound. The sonographers use the machine to actually “see” inside a womb and show images of a growing baby. You might need them to point out key features like eyes and fingers as they go.

Related Jobs Cardiovascular technologists and technicians, clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, nuclear medicine technologists, radiologic technologists and technicians, respiratory therapists

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Professional & Related Occupations

127

Emergency Medical Technicians & Paramedics On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Emergency medical technicians

(EMTs) and paramedics drive o such ere is n h T ? T ir ambulances and give emerr an EM ies, the y like fo to emergenc ey might a d l gency medical care. They a Th nd a typic orns respo to day. T m y M a e What’s E d th e determine a patient’s medical ecaus e from ent in a thing! B ever the sam of a car accid and deliver condition at the scene, stabi, n h e e c jobs ar st on the scen victim at lun le to b a e b k ir t c f lize the patient, then drive ver be the e a heart atta er. EMTs mus n they ne iv in e v s d e u r him or her to the hospital. y a , b c b ing be a taxica ny situation— ner. in y b They work outdoors in all a ba or calm in nd the next c u remain o r kinds of weather, and the work can be a hat’s know w very stressful. Some patients may become violent, and EMTs may be exposed to diseases. They are often on call and work long hours any day of the week.

Subjects to Study Driver’s education, health, biology, chemistry, anatomy, English, foreign languages

Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$

Discover More Check with the Red Cross in your area to register for a first-aid or CPR course. You can learn how to save another person’s life and be helpful in different kinds of emergencies.

Related Jobs Air traffic controllers, firefighting occupations, physician assistants, police and detectives, registered nurses

Job Outlook Rapid increase

128

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses On the Job

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ME Licensed practical nurses TH Some L (LPNs) take care of sick and ING E X TRA PNs wo r w k as pr orking injured people. They are ivate-d f uty in-hom or a hospital e care supervised by doctors or regor clinic nurses. Inste to patie ad of , these hours a nts. Th d istered nurses. They help ey may nurses provid their du ay caring for e work 8 a tie to 12 patients with bathing, dresspatient’ s involve car single patien t. In so ing for s me cas oth own ho family as well ing, and personal hygiene; es, . At nig er members mes an h of the d th t, f eir pati amilies most re feed them; and care for ents’ fa , milies w but some actu turn to their their emotional needs. hile the a y provid lly live with e care. They keep their patients as comfortable as possible. Licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) are the same as LPNs, except that they are licensed to work in California and Texas. Nurses must be strong enough to lift patients and able to deal with stress.

Subjects to Study Health, anatomy, psychology, first aid, nutrition, family and consumer sciences, English, foreign languages

Discover More Licensed practical nursing courses are offered in some high school vocational programs. Talk to your school counselor about these programs and find out whether any are available through high schools in your area.

Related Jobs Emergency medical technicians and paramedics; medical assistants; nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides; registered nurses; social and human service assistants; surgical technologists

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

129

Medical Records & Health Information Technicians On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

These workers organize and keep track of patients’ medical records. First, they make sure all the right forms have been signed. Then they put the information into a computer file. Finally, they code the information so that it can be pulled up easily. They may work day, evening, or night shifts. Health technicians must be computer literate and pay close attention to details.

edical your m f o ld o ah ncer, e gets y of ca r n o to e is m h a so e you pens if ur family has t to hir an p o a n h e t a id Wh Or if yo t dec al bills. ? Well, s migh records le, a busines or high medic sign you up. f mp to rtain for exa ou are at risk t decide not have ce h a y h u o e ig y s u m if a y c n suc ing be compa d hous nfidentiality is s e c ie n n e a r d u be co ins ician ld even s. That’s why mation techn te and u o c u Yo ion for n priva l condit ealth in ormatio f medica in this job. H in ’ ts atien e big issu ble to keep p a e must b information secure.

Subjects to Study English, math, computer skills, anatomy, biology

Discover More Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$

The American Health Information Management Association offers an independent-study program for health information technicians. You can write to the association at 919 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, or check out its Web site: www.ahima.org.

Related Jobs Medical transcriptionists

Job Outlook Rapid increase

130

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Nuclear Medicine Technologists On the Job

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ME Nuclear medicine technologists TH What d give radioactive drugs to ING E X TRA o docto r b s do w one pa patients. These drugs help he in? On e answ n a child is co get a c er is to lear pic doctors diagnose and treat mplain tur use nu medicin clear m ing of e is use e of what’s in diseases. Using a camera, the edic side the d for ca lung sc an rd bones. ine to technologist follows the Nuclea nuclear s, for older p iac tests, for r bone s eo m cans, f adminis edicine techn ple, and for drug as it enters the or childre ologists ter the n. A te with pe a patient’s body and records ople of sts. They mus re the ones w nd t a ho p h ll a a ages so tients a ve the drug’s effects using that the a good rapp cine do t ease. After o y can h all, the n’t sou magnetic resonance imagelp put rt nd like words n a u comfor c ing (MRI). Technologists ting co lear and med mbinati ion! must keep accurate, detailed patient records. Technologists must also be careful to keep from being exposed to too much radiation. They wear badges that measure radiation levels.

Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, physics, math, computer science

Discover More You can get more information about this job by writing to the Joint Review Committee on Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology, #1 2nd Avenue East, Suite C, Polson, MT 59860-2320, or visit their Web site at www.jrcnmt.org.

Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$$

Related Jobs Cardiovascular technologists and technicians, clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, diagnostic medical sonographers, radiation therapists, radiologic technologists and technicians, respiratory therapists Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Professional & Related Occupations

131

Occupational Health & Safety Specialists & Technicians On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

These workers help keep work-

places safe and workers healthy. most ed the r e f f u s Nearly half work for federal, . r, the U.S . Months late s y 2001, r r , to to 1 c state, or local government 1 is e h r tembe ack in ety insp On Sep g terrorist att ealth and saf rld Trade Cen agencies to enforce rules on o tin g lh devasta occupationa cene of the W and collectin health and safety. The rest s k s r ir e New Yo working at th nd soil sample workers. The p a ll work for companies to u were sti se, testing air ue and clean dics, construc c p e s a e m ll r a o ensure that their workplaces r c a m at ter ,p fro mples fighters nt much time oia e s ir F d o . are operating safely. They blo sp spe grim asbesto rs who s were finding ers, and othe finite signs of cks might be identify hazardous condirk de 11 atta / tion wo ero showed 9 e th tions and practices and Z that ome. Ground hich means ars to c e y r w make recommendations for o f — soning more victims g fixing them. They also check that dangerous claimin materials are stored and used properly.

Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, physics, geology, English, computer science

Education & Training Associate degree to Master’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

132

Professional & Related Occupations

Discover More Government health and safety specialists use rules established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), part of the U.S. Department of Labor. You can learn more about OSHA from its Web site: www.osha.gov.

Related Jobs Construction and building inspectors, correctional officers, financial examiners, fire inspectors, police and detectives

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Opticians, Dispensing On the Job

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ME Dispensing opticians work for TH When w eye doctors, making glasses ING E X TRA as the f ir g uess th s and contact lenses according is centu t eye surgery 1000 B p ry? Or to the doctors’ orders. They .C.? Lo in the 1 erformed? W ould yo ng befo 800s? ancien u Ho t su re also keep customer records, ple’s ey rgeons were glasses were w about in in r e e s v m . e E nted, oving c vidence track inventory, and help being p atarac indic er ago—a formed in Ind ates that this ts from peocustomers find frames that surgery nd pro bably w ia more than was fit them well. Many work 3,000 ithout a years nesthes ia! evenings and weekends or parttime. They must be careful with the glass-cutting machinery and chemicals they use to make lenses.

Subjects to Study Physics, anatomy, algebra, geometry, mechanical drawing

Discover More Visit an optical store in your community. Look through the wide selection of eyewear and decide which frames best fit you. Use the opportunity to talk to one of the dispensing opticians about this job.

Related Jobs Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers, precision instrument and equipment repairers

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

133

Pharmacy Technicians On the Job S OM E T H

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Pharmacy technicians help

licensed pharmacists provide l supe herba “My th h it medicines and other healthalong w drug work?” dicine t e ie ” d m ? care products to patients. In r is is e oes th take th give h “Can I m taking?” “D hat should I cy workers pharmacies they help measure t I’ r. W rma plemen nning a feve eople ns pha p o ti h s it e and prepare medications, w u u r l a fq baby is kinds o cause they de kers must be e th e r e r handle telephone calls, work d good These a every day. B pharmacy wo ers nee d k , e r k in o s a w a the cash register, stock p e e in es ar sick or l. In short, th e r a o shelves, and perform other wh lpfu and he patient ills! clerical duties. They can also work in sk people hospitals and nursing homes, helping to deliver and dispense medicine. They do most of their work standing, and they may work nights and weekends, since many pharmacies are open 24 hours a day.

Subjects to Study Math, computer skills, chemistry, biology, health, English

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

134

Professional & Related Occupations

Visit your local pharmacy and ask the pharmacist if you can “apprentice.” He or she might let you help out with stocking or cleaning shelves. While you work, watch the pharmacist on the job and ask about training opportunities in your area.

Related Jobs Pharmacists, pharmacy aides, dental assistants, licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses, medical transcriptionists, medical records and health information technicians, occupational therapist assistants and aides, physical therapist assistants and aides, surgical technologists Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Radiologic Technologists & Technicians On the Job

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ME Radiologic technologists and TH The firs technicians work in hospitals ING E X TRA t X ray e n v er take amed C and clinics. They operate the n by accid onrad Roentg was by a Ge rman s machines that take X-ray picen, wh ent. He cientist o gen ra ys as h called them X discovered th tures or magnetic resolution is colle e mq r of radia a ys (rath ague ti er than uite pictures of people’s bones human on was unkno s suggested) becaus Roentw b e ring an ody was actu n. The first X and internal organs. They ally a p ray of th the type d all. ic e tu re of h must wear badges that is wife’ s hand, measure the amount of radiation they are exposed to on the job. These workers might work nights or weekends and might be on call during odd hours. They are on their feet most of the day and must be strong enough to lift patients.

Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, physics, math, computer science

Discover More You can get more information about this job by writing to the American Society of Radiologic Technologists, 15000 Central Ave. S.E., Albuquerque, NM 871233917, or visit their Web site at www.asrt.org.

Related Jobs Cardiovascular technologists and technicians, clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, diagnostic medical sonographers, nuclear medicine technologists, respiratory therapists

Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

135

Surgical Technologists On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Surgical technologists set up

equipment in the operating from patient a t n e v room, prepare patients for sure e ia to pr er, som snesthes Today, howev e a n a e gery, and take patients to and t s u u . ho octors surgery r surgery wit e, an g in Most d r u r from the operating room. jo pain d riing ma upunctu feeling ndergo are using ac eedles into va u e r They help the surgical team a s n patients stead, doctor ce the serting n in O f o . g e In “scrub” and put on gloves, c lin o thesia. . We d e practi trol fee Chines ody that con feels no pain t n masks, and surgical clothie c an of the b e, the patient ! ts r a p e s c ing. During an operation, ou pla hom s are in trying this at needle d they help with supplies and instrun e omm not rec ments and operate lights and equipment. After the operation, they restock the operating room. Surgical technicians must be able to stay calm and steady in stressful circumstances.

Subjects to Study Health, biology, chemistry, math, anatomy, English, foreign languages

Discover More Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

Surgical technicians must be comfortable dealing with operations of all kinds. One way to test your tolerance for this is to take a biology course in which you dissect an animal. Another way is to watch informational television programs where actual surgeries are performed.

Related Jobs Dental assistants, licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses, clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, medical assistants

Rapid increase

136

Professional & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Veterinary Technologists and Technicians On the Job

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ME Veterinary technologists and TH Veterin technicians perform many of ING E X TRA ary tec h n h ologists elp put the same duties for a veteriand tec sick an emotio im hnician als to s nally, b narian that a nurse would for so leep. It ut they thing y ’s diffic ften have to know th ou can ult for a physician, including hana do for quick, an anim t it’s usually th them a n d th dling laboratory and clinical eo ek al the nee dle. Th nly pain for th that is in pain indest ey also . It’s e anim ers to f work such as urine and al is th often h eel bett e a e v s r e tick o to help n this d blood tests. They may work the pet’ with ifficult d s ownay. in private vets’ offices, zoos, research facilities, and other places where veterinarians work. Some of the work can be unpleasant and even dangerous.

Subjects to Study Biology, math, chemistry, zoology, communication skills

Discover More Volunteer to help out at your local Humane Society or vet’s office. Watch the veterinary technicians at work and see the kinds of things they do to help the vet and the animals. It’s often unpleasant work, but you do get to be around animals!

Related Jobs Animal care and service workers, veterinarians

Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Professional & Related Occupations

137

Service Occupations

Dental Assistants On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Dental assistants help dentists

during patient exams and treatas decay w ove th o to t m ments. They schedule appointved tha ay to re le belie s. The only w ainful p o e ments, keep patient records, p ap e gum ies ago the is was h b T m Centur y worms in th . u th n handle billing, and order supb the too nesthesia to f caused a to pull e job o s o th a n d w plies. Those with lab duties d a y a h a h t t the dec ecause they assistan tist yanked ou s t’ s ti b n , e clean removable dentures the den time calming process Often, the d t. n while d s w n ir e o f p d and make temporary crowns a s t e en ar nts the pati ental assista them down. g in ld d for teeth. They wear gloves ho ing ay, of pinn th. Tod the too fears instead and masks to protect themselves from ’ patients diseases and germs. Many work evenings and Saturdays, and they spend a good part of their time on their feet.

Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, health, business courses, math, computer skills, psychology

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Visit your dentist’s office and ask about careers in this field. Does your dentist employ an assistant? What does he or she do? Ask the assistant about training and the job.

Related Jobs Medical assistants, occupational therapist assistants and aides, pharmacy aides, pharmacy technicians, physical therapist assistants and aides

Job Outlook Rapid increase

140

Service Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Massage Therapists On the Job

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ME These therapists use massage to TH What m treat muscle pain, relieve ING E X TRA akes a S a w s it turn stress, rehabilitate sport s out. B edish massag flowing e Swed a sic Swe injuries, and promote general is m heart to assage strok dish massage h? Not much , es, ofte in help w volves health. Massage therapists n in the ith circu from a long, d la s ir y ti s e te o c tion of n. Thou mo can specialize in 80 different gymna the gh th stics tea f movements develop e name com cher, th Swedis types of massage. Some e e e h mass age we actual techn d by a Swedis s work in hospitals, nursing iques f re deve h or loped b y a Du a homes, or sports facilities, though a tchman . good number operate out of private offices or travel to homes and businesses. Massage therapy is physically demanding work and requires therapists to be on their feet most of the day.

Subjects to Study English, psychology, physical education, anatomy, business courses

Discover More The best way to learn more about massage therapy is to practice it. Start by giving shoulder rubs, as that is often a source of muscular tension. Be sure to try out a variety of motions. Also visit your local library for guides on how to give a proper massage.

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Physical therapists, physical therapist assistants and aides, chiropractors

Voc/tech training

$$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Service Occupations

141

Medical Assistants On the Job EXTRA

Medical assistants help keep your doctor’s office running a baby g in ld o a smoothly. They answer Does h u have ildren? ll you that yo t in a h c ll phones, greet patients, scheda like sm ople te assistan u. PediDo you r day? Do pe g a medical o y ule appointments, arrange for b for ou ein make y kids? If so, b t be just the jo en, have a hospital admissions and tests, r h h ig g hild way wit office m must enjoy c d love helpin s ’ n ia ic handle billing, and file n pediatr ical assistants and chaos, a d e e is m o records. They may take n ic or atr rance f le to h medical histories, explain treatments hig . people to patients, and help doctors with exams. They also may prepare and perform laboratory tests. They must have good people skills. Many work evenings and weekends.

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Subjects to Study Math, health, biology, computer skills, office skills, English, foreign languages

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$

Ask your own doctor if you can spend a day in the office watching what the medical assistants do. Maybe you can help file papers, answer phones, or make copies.

Related Jobs Dental assistants, medical records and health information technicians, occupational therapist assistants and aides, pharmacy aides, physical therapist assistants and aides

Job Outlook Rapid increase

142

Service Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Medical Transcriptionists On the Job

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ME Medical transcriptionists listen TH Why w to dictated recordings made by ING E X TRA ould an y o d ne nee octor s doctors and transcribe them d a writ a tions, s ys during sur te gery? In n version of urgeon into medical reports, letters, s often what lo ing wh ng, com talk into at plex op a and other written materials. a tape then tra they are doin erarec g n They use a special headset, later, th scribed and f and finding. T order, describ iled e hose ta pes are double doctor can sim . If a compli using a foot pedal to pause c -check a p ti ly o n go ar his or h compli the tape when necessary, er work back to the fil ises cation. es and , lookin g for clu and type the materials into es to th e a computer, editing it for grammar and clarity. Some transcriptionists work in doctor’s offices or hospitals, but many work as freelancers from home.

Subjects to Study Computer skills, English, anatomy, biology, foreign languages

Discover More Make a recording of yourself or a friend reading material out loud from a book or magazine. Then try typing the material from the recording without making any mistakes. Even if the person on the recording reads slowly, you’ll have to type fast to keep up!

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Court reporters; human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping; receptionists and information clerks; secretaries and administrative assistants; medical assistants; medical records and health information technicians

Job Outlook

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Voc/tech training

$$$

Above-average increase

Service Occupations

143

Nursing, Psychiatric & Home Health Aides On the Job EXTRA

Nursing and psychiatric aides care for patients in hospitals, ities lth facil staff a e h l nursing homes, and mental menta other es and or ts than m n s o e th ti h n a health clinics. Home health g o p nursin ct with pend m Aides in e more conta tients often s elationships aides care for patients in the pa av se r often h do. Because uild clo their special b s e home. All of these workers s id r a s membe ese homes, aides a ce a n e e e s lu f th ts in feed, bathe, and dress n years in . Many patie e can greatly m id e a . th g e patients, help them get in f h in li n wit car tlook o and a u , o s d d n n a and out of bed, take temperatures frie e s attitud patient’ and blood pressures, and set up equipment. They report any signs or changes to doctors or nurses. Most work some weekends and evening hours. They must be strong enough to lift and move patients.

S OM E T H

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Subjects to Study Health, nutrition, anatomy, communication skills, English, psychology

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Volunteer at a nursing home in your community. You might be asked to read to patients, make deliveries, help with activities, or just visit with a patient who is lonely.

Related Jobs Childcare workers, licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses, medical assistants, occupational therapist assistants and aides, personal and home care aides, physical therapist assistants and aides, registered nurses

Job Outlook Rapid increase

144

Service Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Occupational Therapist Assistants & Aides On the Job

SO

ME Occupational therapist assisTH Some p tants help therapists in clinics, ING E X TRA eople e n s joy the pendin rehab centers, nursing homes, g 9 torture. eight hours a -to-5 routine . But fo and home health care proOccup d ay beh r many a with m , entally tional therapis ind a desk w grams. They help injured o disable t uld be homes a s s is ta d nts who an ad patients regain use of damw shoppin d facilities ea ults may trav el to se ork ch day, g, teac v hing th ta e apply f aged muscles. They might ral king cli em coo or assis ents gr k ta in o n g c ce, or d e s help patients learn to use riving th kills, helping ry them em on wheelchairs or other devices. They errand s. also help mentally disabled patients learn living skills like cooking and keeping a checkbook. Occupational therapy aides keep patient records and set up equipment. These workers must be strong enough to lift and move patients and equipment.

Subjects to Study Psychology, anatomy, physical education, communication skills, English, health

Discover More Try teaching younger children an outdoor activity or game. Plan out the activity, decide whether it’s appropriate for their age group, then teach the children how to play. Watch to make sure they play fairly and safely.

Related Jobs Occupational therapists, dental assistants, medical assistants, pharmacy aides, pharmacy technicians, physical therapist assistants and aides

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Associate degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Service Occupations

145

Pharmacy Aides On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Pharmacy aides help licensed

pharmacists by answering e phar lping th ome e h in phones, stocking shelves, and c has be ical role y a crit records. This la o p s running the cash register. s h e cy aid atient ars, wit tion Pharma intain good p r in recent ye ip r They also maintain patient a ve e presc macy m ortant than e than on on has more e r o files, prepare insurance m p s r t g more im ericans takin e average pe e pharmacis h th m T papers, and take inventory that h year. many A time. In fact, led eac ons to ensure which a il t f a s of medicines and supplies. n g o u , dr ripti icati raction te n presc of those med in te g n u a Some also clean pharmacy dr th k ep trac e a bad must ke t doesn’t hav fatal. equipment. They may n en the pati serious or eve work evenings or weekends; some even e could b

work overnight shifts in 24- hour pharmacies.

Subjects to Study English, foreign languages, biology, chemistry, computer skills, business courses

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $

Job Outlook Average increase

146

Service Occupations

Talk with the pharmacist at your local drug store. What opportunities are available for students wanting to work part-time? Maybe you’ll land a job!

Related Jobs Pharmacy technicians, cashiers, stock clerks and order fillers, dental assistants, licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses, medical transcriptionists, medical records and health information technicians, occupational therapist assistants and aides, physical therapist assistants and aides, surgical technologists

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Physical Therapist Assistants & Aides On the Job

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ME Physical therapist assistants TH When L help physical therapists care ING E X TRA eBron J a to mes pu for help for patients in hospitals, nursll therapis ? A sports m s a muscle, w ing homes, and home health ho doe edicine t specia sh speciali lizing in worker s help s t is a p e turn s p care programs. They help o rts-rela athlete hysical tion, an ted in s pre d patients recovering from help in they are on h pare their bo juries. These d and du emerge ring sp ies for compe n work w injuries or disease improve orting e ti ith an a cies. After an vents to injury o thlete to tone an their mobility, relieve pain, r d h il could p agility. Of co elp him or he lness, they and regain muscle use. urse wit r rebuil robably dm hL hire the Surgeo eBron’s salary uscle They may help with exern Gene , he ral. cises, give massages, and apply hot/cold packs. Physical therapy aides keep equipment in good order, move patients to and from the treatment area, and help with record keeping.

Subjects to Study Health, anatomy, physical education, communication skills, psychology

Discover More Ask your gym teacher to show you some exercises you can use to strengthen your own muscles. Then teach these exercises to family members or friends. Set up a regular exercise schedule for yourself.

Related Jobs Physical therapists, dental assistants, medical assistants, occupational therapist assistants and aides, pharmacy aides, pharmacy technicians

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Associate degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Service Occupations

147

Correctional Officers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Correctional officers guard peo-

ple who are awaiting trial and ustralia ny of A s lo o c e those who have been convicted urderer used th ngland thieves and m alia, E , s of crimes. They keep order 0 0 ustr te 17 victed ed to A istakenly il a In the la prison. Con s d and enforce rules in jails or nd an ge ners m to as a hu ships in Engla . Some priso d te c e prisons and assign and supern e n d d boarde iles from hom ountry was co . Others trie m c m o vise inmates’ work. They 12,000 that the island walk to freed from again. to d d r e g a v help inmates with personal e e in h d li y e r tr be d died re neve ay is descend e n a w a d n in d a problems and report any Ch ea n to pe by s a’s populatio to esca li a bad behavior. To prevent tr f Aus Much o e exiles. escapes, they stand guard in towers and at es from th gates. They work indoors and outdoors under very stressful and potentially dangerous conditions. Many work nights and weekends. These workers must be strong and able to use firearms.

Subjects to Study Physical education, driver’s education, psychology, sociology

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Discover More Some state prisons give tours to the public or to school groups. Check to see whether you can visit one to learn more about this job.

Related Jobs Security guards and gaming surveillance officers, police and detectives, probation officers and correctional treatment specialists

Job Outlook Little change

148

Service Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Firefighting Occupations On the Job

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ME Firefighters protect people TH Firefigh from the dangers of fires. ING E X TRA ters wh o D battle w uring th They must stay physically fit il from sta e hot, dry mo dfires are a special and strong. At the scene of a nths of te to sta br la est fire s. They te, helping lo te summer, th eed. fire, they rescue victims, percal fire may ju zone to fighters ey travel mp d form emergency medical battle f they ge ig fire lines. If from air plan ores t tr a fire tr themse apped, they avels to into a fire aid, and operate and maindrop to lves wit o h the gro quickly and until th tain equipment. During und an e fire h a special fire proofed d cover as pass on figh ed their shifts, firefighters live ten tin the ma g the flames. over them, ge t. They wait rket. tu It’s one at the fire station. Most of the h p, and keep ottest jo work 50 hours a week or bs on more. Forest firefighters may parachute into a fire area to put out fires and dig a fire line. Firefighting is one of the most dangerous jobs in the U.S. economy.

Subjects to Study Physical science, chemistry, driver’s education, physical education

Discover More Tour the fire station in your neighborhood. Ask the firefighters about their jobs, the training they receive, and the risks of the job. Then ask them if you can slide down the pole.

Related Jobs

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Emergency medical technicians and paramedics, police and detectives

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Service Occupations

149

Police & Detectives On the Job S OM E T H

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Police, detectives, and special

agents protect people from tates nited S estiU e th crime and violence. They u of Inv fficers in ment o Federal Burea es such e c r o patrol highways, issue traffic f n law e te crim of the The top ecial agents cops investiga , drug smug tickets, and help accident vicsp p ing are the FBI. These to ism, kidnapp t the FBI Acad tims. They also collect evir r a o rro in ice, gation eries, te ial agents tra to a field off b b o r k dence and investigate signed g. Spec as ban d spyin d are then as ometowns. n a , crimes. Police detectives g n h an gli irginia ere near their V in y often testify in court about their em wh not any usually cases. Most work some evenings and weekends. Police work is dangerous and stressful.

Subjects to Study English, psychology, sociology, chemistry, physics, driver’s education, physical education, foreign languages

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT to Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Police officers often check for fingerprints at the scene of a crime. Make your own fingerprinting kit with talcum powder, a paintbrush, and a magnifying glass. Dust the powder lightly on a solid, shiny surface such as a doorknob. Blow gently. The powder will blow away, except where the greasy marks are. Brush the powdered spots lightly with the paintbrush and examine the prints with the glass.

Related Jobs Job Outlook Average increase

150

Service Occupations

Correctional officers, private detectives and investigators, security guards and gaming surveillance officers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Private Detectives & Investigators On the Job

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ME Private detectives and investiTH Say “pr gators work for lawyers, insurING E X TRA ivate d e te m ctive” a acho m ance companies, and other n danglin ovie detective d many peo ple thin kinds of businesses. They s in tre g from ko nc th detectiv es thes eir lips. But d h coats with c f gather information for trials, e days id you igarette est ass kno are s et track down people who owe detectiv is an ability to women? A d w that many e e agen te b le c ti n ve’s d in cies ofte other w companies money, and conn use w to the backgr greatomen. oun T o in h m e to gym duct background checks. s, shop se female sle en to investig d, so o ate u p u th in t callin Some are self-employed g atten g malls, and s can follow s tion to e us ven res themse and specialize in searching trooms pects lves. withfor missing persons or finding information for divorce cases. They may spend long hours watching a person or place, hunting for clues, and interviewing people. They often work irregular hours and travel, and the work may be dangerous.

Subjects to Study English, psychology, sociology, chemistry, physics, driver’s education, physical education, foreign languages

Discover More An investigator’s main job is collecting information. Use your investigative skills to find interesting information about this job. What can you find at the library or on the Internet that you didn’t know before?

Related Jobs Bill and account collectors; claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators; police and detectives; security guards and gaming surveillance officers; accountants and auditors; financial analysts and personal finance advisors Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Service Occupations

151

Security Guards & Gaming Surveillance Officers On the Job S OM E T H

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Guards protect property from

fire, theft, vandalism, and ing by like be s at u o y o r D break-ins. They patrol the for hou n. ndent? e indepe n work alone m u h o tc area, usually on foot, or check y a ll ple ca night w ds ofte Do peo Security guar who work as usinesses people entering and leaving b ? e yourself specially thos e protection, . The s r te it the area. Guards may carry a e m m s o a time— e them with s rds tran h a central a u g t h it id ig nightstick or gun. Most To prov s give their n tain contact w the expected e in at a m ta ti in s m e work some nights and k e m c to th e e so se thes d does not ch ond to a call, u s d r a r weekends, and the work gu ua esp If the g r her. oesn’t r station. if he or she d eck on him o can be dangerous. Gaming h or ne to c o times, e m o surveillance officers work in casinos and ds s tion sen gaming parlors, watching for people who are trying to cheat the system.

Subjects to Study English, driver’s education, psychology, physical education, communication skills, computer skills

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Work experience

Earnings $$

Discover More Call a security company in your area and ask if you can speak with someone who hires security guards. Ask that person about the skills you would need to be a guard. Does the company provide training?

Related Jobs Correctional officers, police and detectives, private detectives and investigators

Job Outlook Average increase

152

Service Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Chefs, Cooks & Food Preparation Workers On the Job

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ME Chefs and cooks plan and TH Did you make meals in restaurants, ING E X TRA know th S at not a ome w schools, cafeterias, and hospio ll chefs menus rk for airlines wo tals. They supervise other for ona n d cruis rk in restaura board operati e ships nts? m ng their ea , workers, order supplies, and own ca ls. Some are planning ties—fr om Op tering c s plan menus. Kitchen workra ompan elf-employed vate ch , ies. Ma efs to c h Winfrey to ny cele Mick Ja ook for cooking ers help chefs and cooks by b g r the ige g kings a roup might b m. But the m r—employ pr chopping vegetables, measost pre ind que e those stig en w These e uring ingredients, and stirlite che s, prime minis ho prepare m ious fs even ters, an e have th d presid als for ring soups and sauces. eir own ents. club! They also keep the kitchen clean and wash dishes. These workers are on their feet all day in crowded, hot kitchens. Most work evenings and weekends, and many work part-time.

Subjects to Study Family and consumer sciences, nutrition, math, health

Discover More Cook a three-course meal for your family. Ask a parent to help you look through some cookbooks or look for recipes online. Be sure to pick an appetizer, a main course, and a dessert. Of course you may need some help from other members of the family to put it all together.

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Work experience

Earnings $

Related Jobs Food processing occupations, food service managers, food and beverage serving and related workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

Service Occupations

153

Food & Beverage Serving & Related Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Food and beverage service workers deal with customers in restaurants. They take food orders, fill drink orders, serve food, prepare the bill, and may accept payment. Other workers clean dirty tables and reset them with silverware and napkins. These workers spend hours on their feet. They carry and must serve customers quickly and courteously. Most work evenings and weekends, and many work part-time.

b for d first jo e r o n o h le, a timee flexib urant is the hours ar taurant ta s e r g in a ke res s ecause Workin esses ta . Movie actor And, b tr . c le a p o d e n s d k p a e a y s it e r n r a to b w ma iring ac for their big r Aniston all p s a n y ia n it e d ma wa nnif ome and Je ile they ood. C jobs wh Kevin Bacon, ed in Hollyw rant. And San n u t, io it e ta it P s n d e d o r u a t Br ey a ny ’s bou while th ked in a Den der. In fact, a onald’s tables r n o te w r McD arey a ba ing at a k r Drew C ck worked as o w up llo ill end dra Bu icans w r . s e e m v li A ir in ten t in the in o p heavy trays e at som

Subjects to Study English, foreign languages, math, speech, family and consumer sciences

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $

Discover More The best way to learn about the restaurant industry is to work in it. Look for a part-time job at a fast-food restaurant. Or talk to friends who have worked in one. Find out what they liked and disliked about the job. What hours and days did they work? How much did they make in tips, if any?

Related Jobs Job Outlook Average increase

154

Service Occupations

Flight attendants, gaming services occupations, retail salespersons

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Building Cleaning Workers On the Job

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ME Building cleaning workers keep TH What w offices, schools, hospitals, ING E X TRA ould yo u u nder a do if yo hotels, and other public p Or a sm illow? Or a s u found a dia buildings clean and in good m uit a housek ll child in the case full of c ond ring a eeper, b sh in a condition. They clean, th room? you mig call the If you’r a closet? h t f r ju o n s e t t desk. repair, empty trash cans, sive, un These w shrug your sh a hotel usual, o orke ulde an rooms paint, and mow lawns. they cle d downright rs routinely fin rs and b a d expe iz g n e a . People t on the rr Cleaning supervisors assign nin a hu e things in th road a e v e rry to p re apt en their jobs, supervise workers, to leav child! e behin ack up and d anyth and order supplies. These ing— people often work evenings and weekends. The work can be dirty and strenuous.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, family and consumer sciences, physical education

Discover More Talk to the janitor at your school. Make a list of all the chores and different tasks he or she does. What is the best part of the job? What is the worst part of the job?

Related Jobs Pest control workers, general maintenance and repair workers, grounds maintenance workers

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Work experience

Earnings $

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Service Occupations

155

Grounds Maintenance Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Grounds maintenance workers

care for lawns, trees, gardens, r peroes you ? D ? e id and other plants and keep the ts rk ard wo u’re ou hen yo sh air, and h w t grounds free of litter. They s d ie happ e, fre ur min Are you volve sunshin uscles and yo be just what may prune, feed, and water m ht y in fect da ke using your ing work mig prune, weed, gardens and mow and water li p a nt, Do you If so, landsc ers pla our k y r o If w l. ? e u r s lawns at private homes and beautif e the togethe king for. The o c areas y, this could b li lo b e u r public places. They also p ’ u e yo to mak r pride and jo w o m d u maintain athletic fields, golf yo an umb is green th u. courses, cemeteries, and parks. They yo job for work outside in all kinds of weather. Many are selfemployed and work seasonally.

Subjects to Study Biology, zoology, botany, driver’s education, business math

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT to Work experience

Earnings $$

Plant some flowers around your home or in a pot inside. Start with some easy annuals like snapdragons, petunias, or marigolds. Next, try something trickier, like orchids or roses. Can you make your flowers grow?

Related Jobs Agricultural workers; farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers; forest, conservation, and logging workers; landscape architects; biological scientists

Job Outlook Above-average increase

156

Service Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Pest Control Workers On the Job

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ME Pest control workers find and TH Did you kill roaches, rats, mice, spiING E X TRA ever wo to nder w our en ders, termites, ants, bees—all hat all th new in vironment? T terest in hat que e chemicals kinds of pests that invade we use stion h organic develop as p do in p people’s homes and offices. the oils g pesticides u esticides. Tod rompted a ay sing na fr They use chemicals, poisontural in ’s scientists a cayenn om pennyroy gredien re al and e pepp er, euc ts s per spo ous fumes, traps, and elecres, rap garlic, peppe alyptus plants uch as rmint le es Their re , trical equipment to aves, g cipes m eed, canola r o a ig b il ssh , u h t they a a t not m eliminate pests. They ake go nd baking so opand oth re far easier o da. d sala o er man travel to homes and -made n the environ d dressings, ment th chemic offices to perform their als. an DD T work, often crawling and climbing into tight places. They wear protective gear, including respirators, gloves, and goggles. Some work evenings and weekends.

Subjects to Study Biology, chemistry, zoology, physical education, computer skills, math

Discover More Learn more about the kinds of bugs that inhabit your state by starting a bug collection. Find as many different kinds of insects as possible, then mount them on heavy-duty white cardboard using straight pins. Identify them using a field guide from the library, then label each specimen you find and learn about its habitat, food, and natural prey.

Related Jobs Building cleaning workers; grounds maintenance workers; carpenters; electricians; heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Service Occupations

157

Animal Care & Service Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Animal care and service workers

feed, water, bathe, and exercise enge. al chall als e r a e animals in clinics, kennels, and e anim o can b in a zo ind of food th them. ls a zoos. They play with the aniim d k n g the a t know what d when to fee s a Feedin s h n u c u mals, watch them for illness pers m need, a d imals s Zookee ch they ul feeding an als might nee u m or injury, and clean and w o f . need, h t be very care rs. Exotic anim red or grown s e to u d repair their cages. Kennel They m rs, and alliga e specially or ds of picky e e b r g t d ti s n u , ! staff care for cats and dogs; u s s r m h n at lio rke for ool wo foods th plan menus h l c s ia e c r e p stable workers groom, sp ke ust pers m —just li Zookee a daily basis exercise, and care for horses; and on eaters zookeepers care for wild and exotic animals. They may work outdoors in all kinds of weather. The work can be dirty and dangerous. Many work weekends and nights, and some travel with animals to sports events or shows.

Subjects to Study Life sciences, zoology, biology, chemistry, physical education

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $

Job Outlook Above-average increase

158

Service Occupations

Discover More You can learn more about this occupation by volunteering at a zoo or animal shelter. You might play with or cuddle small animals, clean cages, put out food and water, or take animals for walks.

Related Jobs Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers; agricultural workers; veterinarians; veterinary technologists and technicians; veterinary assistants; biological scientists; medical scientists

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Barbers, Cosmetologists & Other Personal Appearance Workers On the Job

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ME These workers help people TH In Holl look their best. They cut, ING E X TRA ywood’ s “ c an mea beauty shampoo, style, color, and wars,” n a going b the differen ce betw ny small adv perm hair. They may fit cusroke. T antage een ge hat’s w their ha tting a hy ir tomers for hairpieces, shave role an often. H styles, their w actors and ac d ard tre a male customers, and give the late irstylists in Tin robes, and th sses change st se e newest styles and tre ltown must sta ir looks so facial massages and advice nds. A stars’ w y curren sty hims ca and we on makeup. Many cosmen beco list who cater t with althy a m s the sta s tologists are trained to give rs them e almost as w to the ell kno selves. wn manicures. They also keep customer records and order supplies. These workers spend a lot of time on their feet. Many work part time, and many are selfemployed.

Subjects to Study Communication skills, business courses, accounting, speech, health

Discover More Set up a beauty salon at home and practice on yourself or a friend. Look through magazines for the latest styles, then wash and style your friend’s hair.

Related Jobs Massage therapists, fitness workers

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Voc/tech training

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Service Occupations

159

Childcare Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Childcare workers care for chil-

dren under the age of five. ften, nter? O e c e r a g Those caring for infants and a day-c s. Youn ed into ntrolled chao quietly. lk a toddlers may change diapers, w r ou eve like barely co ead or color d. u lo t Have y r u s o k d heat bottles, and rock chilne loo esks an run, and sing f person the sce sit at d o t l, ’ d e n e in o dren to sleep. Those caring h k d l n artw cia ust childre ance, c It takes a spe re workers m d t, u o for preschoolers serve meals, They sh w they learn. Childca althy o is age. nd have a he h th s n play games, read stories, and t’ e a r a Th ild with ch nt, and calm, k r o w organize activities to help to tie tive, pa be crea umor! the children socialize and learn new fh sense o skills. A third of these workers actually run childcare services out of their homes. The work can be tiring, and workers must be strong enough to lift and move children.

Subjects to Study English, child development, psychology, family and consumer sciences, art, music, drama, health, speech

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $

Discover More The easiest way to learn about this job is to baby-sit or help someone else take care of young children. It’s also a good way to pick up a couple of bucks.

Related Jobs Teacher assistants; teachers—preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary; teachers—special education

Job Outlook Average increase

160

Service Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Fitness Workers On the Job

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ME Fitness workers help people TH How m work out and get healthy. ING E X TRA uch exe r r cise is esearch They teach proper exercise en e But nea rs have deba ough? Scienti sts, doc ted this methods and lead exercise rly all a to a g physica l activit ree that a half nd the answe rs, and groups. Personal trainers rs vary. y a day healthy an hou is r a work one-on-one with indihour o nd your energ enough to ke of moderate f exercis ep you y up. H r he e yet to ave you viduals to help them reach day? had yo art ur half their fitness goals. Group exercise instructors, on the other hand, lead sessions of a particular activity like yoga or aerobics. Naturally these workers must be in good shape, though they are still prone to injury.

Subjects to Study Physical education, biology, chemistry, psychology, dance

Discover More Plan a weekly exercise routine for you and your family, making sure you to get some kind of exercise each day of the week. This could include both indoor and outdoor activities, from doing an aerobics video workout to riding bikes to just taking a walk. See whether you notice a difference in your energy and appearance after a few weeks of this routine.

Related Jobs

Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers

Job Outlook Rapid increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Service Occupations

161

Flight Attendants On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Flight attendants help keep air-

line passengers safe and comen— e wom r e r u w o y ts fortable. In an emergency, they wever, ttendan flight a en. Today, ho a ll a t help passengers react calmly a s d wom man a to be th It used ung, unmarrie likely to be a hile flight and quickly. They also stock W yo as f mostly t is just young, either. ong, many o n a d the plane with food, drinks, n e tt ll str flight a hey ’re not a fit and y of the y ll a T ic s . blankets, first-aid kits, and the wa oms be phy woman ts must nts have gone en, working m are n a d other supplies. During the n e m att ds me require e women and ic backgroun ld o e flight, they serve food and th thn tur of all e urs. Ma ay. d to dinosa , and people s drinks and answer quesie ds dly sk and da s fly the frien tions. They may administer first aid to u helping passengers who become ill. They work irregular hours, travel extensively, stay on their feet, and must remain calm in emergencies.

Subjects to Study English, communication skills, foreign languages, speech, first aid, health, physical education

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Discover More For more information on becoming a flight attendant, visit the Web site for the Association of Flight Attendants: www.afanet.org.

Related Jobs Emergency medical technicians and paramedics, firefighting occupations

Job Outlook Average increase

162

Service Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Gaming Services Occupations On the Job

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ME Most gaming services workers TH Say the are employed by casinos— ING E X TRA word c a th sin ink of L places where people play as Veg o, and most world. as, Ne people va Bu games of chance for money. immed iately the U.S t today, there da—gaming capital ., from are cas Supervisors oversee the gamo Mississ in State. S f the os in sta ipp ome op tes all ing tables and workers. Slot erate o i to Illinois to Americ across nr an W of sellin reservation la iverboats, oth ashington attendants watch over the er g n that ga dreams. And ds. But all ar s on Native slot machines, making sure e in the mbling remem riv be bu bling riv everything is working erboat erboat in Illin r, what happe siness ois stay in Illino ns on s on th is. smoothly. Gaming dealers at gam operate games such as blackjack, craps, and roulette. All gaming workers must be licensed and have good customer-relations skills.

Subjects to Study English, foreign languages, math, business courses, psychology

Discover More You can learn the rules for different card and table games used in casinos, and about casino careers, by checking out www.americangaming.org. Or ask a parent or friend to teach you how to play.

Related Jobs Security guards and gaming surveillance officers, sales worker supervisors, cashiers, retail salespersons, gaming cage workers, tellers

Education & Training Work experience to Voc/tech training

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Service Occupations

163

Personal & Home Care Aides On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Home health and personal care

aides help elderly, disabled, and paned com in a tr a o seriously ill patients to live at ple wh hen it’s pet? W ay, many peo who help a t o home instead of in a nursing n d a pet on. To onkeys rform When is disabled pers ve trained m e p home. They clean, do launa ha animals wners, ion for lchair-bound e little o s e ir h e dry, prepare meals, and help T th e . y e r are wh independentl fetch items fo emern a e , in with personal hygiene. They v s them li usehold task or help rs to live at o n call f e e h n v e w le also check the patient’s o p d . ve eir an sim phone, imals allow th ionship and lo e th l pulse and blood pressure dia an an Trained provide comp gency. y and give medication. Aides keep records e th and home, of each patient’s condition and progress. They often work part-time and weekend hours.

Subjects to Study Family and consumer sciences, nutrition, health, first aid, English, foreign languages

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $

Job Outlook

Set up your own “rent-a-kid” service in your neighborhood. Can you help out in your neighbors’ homes by cleaning, ironing clothes, running errands, or doing yard work to earn extra money?

Related Jobs Childcare workers; nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides; occupational therapist assistants and aides; physical therapist assistants and aides; social and human services assistants

Rapid increase

164

Service Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Recreation Workers On the Job

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ME Recreation workers often work TH People as camp counselors or coaches, ING E X TRA from a ll w walks o ilderne organizing leisure activities at f s Teenag s with Outwa life can get a rd Bou ers, sen parks, health clubs, camps, taste o nd f the io groups can tak r citizens, sch expeditions. tourist sites, and other ool gro e two-w There, ups, an the eek tre places. They teach people db ks ing, an y go hiking, white-w into the mou usiness d back country ntains. ater ra help th how to use recreation fti s e adve nturers kiing. Outwar ng, rock clim their te equipment properly and bd b amwor u k, while ild their self- Bound trainer confide s safely. They often work making nce an sure th d ey are nights and weekends. Recreation safe. workers may work in state and national parks, health clubs, or even on cruise ships. Many work part time.

Subjects to Study English, communication skills, business courses, accounting, physical education, swimming, art, music, drama, sports

Discover More Call your local YMCA, YWCA, Boys’ or Girls’ Club, or community center and volunteer to help out. You might be asked to watch younger children, teach them games, or help maintain equipment.

Related Jobs Counselors, probation officers and correctional treatment specialists, psychologists, recreational therapists, social workers

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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165

Sales & Related Occupations

Advertising Sales Agents On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Advertising sales agents do

exactly what the name sugradio on the d n u n o o f gests—they sell advertising, s, Ads are spaper where. ines and new chools, as y r e including space in publicav e agaz our s sing is Adverti ision, in our m and shoes, in part of our tions, signs and billboards, v ts as g and tele s, on our shir nd now ow are payin a , s and television and radio w d r sn evie billboa ovie pr me advertiser n their forem r u o time. Some work with busio long part of hat’s right, so orary tattoos ple with T p o . e m s P te nesses to decide what forms ie t. d r c ea bo du als to w particular pro u id iv d of advertising will work in a pitching apply. heads t o best. Others work for media companies n need bangs to sell the space they have for advertising. The work can be stressful due to irregular hours and sales quotas.

Subjects to Study Math, English, communication skills, computer skills, business courses, art, journalism, economics

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

If your school has a newspaper, find out how you can get involved in its production. Contact local businesses around your school like grocery stores and restaurants to see if they would be willing to buy advertising space in your school paper. Or simply see if they would be willing to sponsor a charity fund drive, and then plan one with your class.

Related Jobs Job Outlook Average increase

168

Sales & Related Occupations

Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers; insurance sales agents; real estate brokers and sales agents; sales engineers; sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing; securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Cashiers On the Job

SO

ME Cashiers add up customers’ TH A cash bills, take their money, and ING E X TRA ier rece iv c es a sp ash dra give change. They also fill out ec wer at cashier the beg ific amount o f charge forms for credit cards inning counts of each money in a th she is r espons is “ bank ” of work sh and give receipts. Cashiers ible. At m if counts the end oney, for whic t. The th are responsible for the h he or of the s sales in e bank again hift the fo an ca drawer rmation. Mos d compares money they collect during the tota shier t emplo comes l to y u s e p h r ortages s short o their shifts. They cannot ccasion understand if the can ge a t th lly, but you fire leave their cash drawers repeate e d. d without permission from their supervisor. Cashiers use cash registers, scanners, and computers regularly.

Subjects to Study Math, English, communication skills, computer skills, business courses

Discover More Volunteer to work as a cashier at a church, club, or family rummage sale. Make sure you have enough money in the cash drawer to make change for the customers. Save the tags from the items paid for at your cash drawer. Add the total sales to the amount that was in your cash drawer before the sale. Then count the money in your drawer. Does it balance?

Related Jobs Tellers, counter and rental clerks, food and beverage serving and related workers, gaming cage workers, postal service workers, retail salespersons

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $

Job Outlook Little change

Sales & Related Occupations

169

Counter & Rental Clerks On the Job EXTRA

Counter and rental clerks take orders, figure out fees, receive ol, ur scho lerks o y t a e payment, and accept returns. c al danc Rental a form rental clerk. t n to e r They answer questions about o g ts en lan to with a ny stud ight. a n m ig If you p robably deal b lp e e what kinds of items are in lp anies h s for th n. you wil r comp nd accessorie r the occasio a e w stock and how much they la o at form dos, gowns, a a limousine f go to prom t e t x n r cost. They must know about their tu dents even re for a couple to ou might sta Y t . tu s s s r o c a e the company’s products, ll e m o So rag dd the ave rly a thousan t, c a f services, and policies. Some In ea ays is n nowad w. fill out forms and tickets by hand, but no saving most use computers and scanners. They generally spend long periods of time on their feet.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Math, English, communication skills, computer skills, business courses

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $

Go to a video store and rent a video or DVD. Watch what the rental clerk does to rent the item to you and to make sure that you will return it. If the store isn’t busy, stop and ask questions about the job.

Related Jobs Tellers, cashiers, food and beverage serving and related workers, gaming cage workers, postal service workers, retail salespersons

Job Outlook Above-average increase

170

Sales & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Demonstrators, Product Promoters & Models On the Job

SO

ME Demonstrators show products TH Nearly to customers, either in retail ING E X TRA everyon e b ut how recogn stores or in private homes. iz a nize he bout Ellen Sir es Kate Moss r name Product promoters try to ot? We and Tyr ll, or a her han ds. The face, but you you might no Banks, convince stores to carry new t y ’ve be thing fr m recogight ju e om sof products. They may set up t drinks n photograph st recognize model, ed to a wrists, nd she makes cell phones. S holding every displays in stores or host taperin he’s a a living g ha hands special activities to show aren’t y fingers, and h showing off h nd er slim our bes ealthy else? T nail off their products. Models t fe he models modeling ind ature, how ab s. If your ,h u o pose for photographs to may no air models, a stry uses foot ut something models t be in nd eve display clothing, makeup, n , Vogue, but you lip models. Y leg our fac r earlo and other accessories. They bes mig e ht! also wear designer clothes during fashion shows and work in television commercials. All of these workers travel as part of their jobs.

Subjects to Study Communication skills, marketing, math, photography, speech, sociology, foreign languages

Discover More Do a product demonstration for your class. Design a catchy poster and slogan, write a script, and come up with a gimmick to draw people’s attention. Try to convince your classmates that your product is one they definitely want to have.

Related Jobs Actors, producers, and directors; insurance sales agents; real estate brokers and sales agents; retail salespersons; sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Average increase

Sales & Related Occupations

171

Insurance Sales Agents On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Insurance agents sell insurance

policies to people and businot all ts. But e s s p a u o ir r e nesses. Insurance policies prog rotect th us insurance polio ce to p n e m c a a r tect the people and companies f n u a s e ur Th buy in odd ins clude ouses. h e r m People o o s s who buy them against differare car n has issued ese policies in eling to assets v o a th d n tr f o o L ts ent kinds of losses. Common e u f a o Som Lloyd’s cosmon of a crocodile years. n t ia n s e s c u e e R s r policies include health, life, cies in insurance for verage in cas gs, a singer ’ le o t c s n ; l’ e n e and car insurance. Insurid o d c ti o ta ac mous m ste buds. space s a f IR a M g e ta ance agents and brokers th ’s urin and ins od critic attack; rds, and a fo help people choose the policies that best ho vocal c meet their needs. Agents work for a single insurance company. Insurance brokers are independent and sell insurance for several different companies.

Subjects to Study Math, accounting, economics, government, psychology, sociology, speech, computer skills

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

172

Sales & Related Occupations

Discover More Ask your parents what kinds of insurance they have. How did they choose their insurance plans? Do they receive insurance through their employers?

Related Jobs Real estate brokers and sales agents; securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents; financial analysts and personal financial advisors; financial managers; insurance underwriters; claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Real Estate Brokers & Sales Agents On the Job

SO

ME Real estate agents and brokers TH Locatio help people buy and sell ING E X TRA n, loca ti o e n, loca state a homes and rental properties. tio n money d it is certainly n. It’s the ma Real estate agents show you wo ntr reflecte uld ment in d in the a of real San Die spend on a homes, help buyers get one-be prices. The two-sto go cou droom r ld y h b o uy yo use financing, and make sure ap price o f a hou in Toledo. Ca u a four-bed artr se in S s oom e $700,0 the contract conditions are in poin an Fran 00, wh t: The a , c is e c r h verage e o o a use go is more met. Brokers may sell es for $ s in Topeka, th a n li K k 1 an e home 04,000 houses and rent and man. . There sas, the aver a ’s certa inly no ge age properties. These place workers must know and understand their local housing market. They also must have a real estate license.

Subjects to Study Math, English, accounting, economics, business courses, communication skills, computer skills, psychology

Discover More You can usually find free real estate and rental magazines at grocery stores or drugstores. Look through one to find out what homes and properties are available in your community. How much do homes and apartments in your area cost? Then flip through and see if you can find your dream house. How much does it cost?

Education & Training Work experience to Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Insurance sales agents; retail salespersons; sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing; securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents; property, real estate, and community association managers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

Sales & Related Occupations

173

Retail Salespersons On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Retail salespersons help cus-

tomers choose and buy all eone ing som hy d n e p s W kinds of items, from sweaters aid for rs do. to get p rsonal shoppe y? Some e k li and makeup to lumber and u mone hat pe ould yo How w ney? That’s w to spend their pping, and plumbing. Their primary job o o u else’s m eone pay yo o their own sh personal is to interest customers in m A d o s t to op. nts would t get ou ave time to sh mer who wa g ’ n a c whatever products they are ’t h custo orkin people ply don clothes for a busy w im a s r s o r f selling. They also fill out e s y u oth rie might b obe or groce r e p p o r sales checks, take payment, sh rd te a wa to upda bag purchases, and give change and parent. receipts. Most sales workers are responsible for keeping track of the money in their cash registers.

Subjects to Study Math, English, communication skills, computer skills, psychology

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $

Job Outlook

Watch the sales workers the next time you go shopping. What jobs do they do? How do they approach customers? How do they help you? Does their mood or approach affect your desire to buy their products?

Related Jobs Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing; securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents; counter and rental clerks; real estate brokers and sales agents; purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents; insurance sales agents; sales engineers; cashiers

Average increase

174

Sales & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Sales Engineers On the Job

SO

ME Sales engineers work for comTH We’ve panies that produce complex ING E X TRA all hea r d S the jok ales en products—such as chemicals es abo g ut trave vacuum ineers are a lin far cry or technical tools. They help cleaner f r om the g salesmen. Their c s and en ustome people c y customers decide which c lopedia rs are la pedd need s s doorp r g e e c ia a to-doo ling lized se nd sma products or services will from p r. rvices a ll busin rod esses th nd pro and fro uction mach work best for them. Selling d at u c ts ine m huge — compo databa ry to dry-clea everything is an important part of the ne se syste n ms to ti ing chemicals travel a nts. They don job, but sales engineers ny elec , ’t go d lot. Som trical oor-toroad, r e spen d o a d or, but cking u also help their customers th p frequ months at a time on ey do ent-flye learn to use the products r miles th e ! they buy. They also may help companies produce better materials based on customer feedback.

Subjects to Study Math, chemistry, biology, physics, English, foreign languages, psychology

Discover More For more information on becoming a sales engineer, contact the Manufacturers’ Agents National Association at www.manaonline.org, or the Manufacturers Representatives Educational Research Foundation at www.mrerf.org.

Related Jobs Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers; engineers; insurance sales agents; purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents; real estate brokers and sales agents; sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing; securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Sales & Related Occupations

175

Sales Representatives, Wholesale & Manufacturing On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Manufacturing and wholesale

sales representatives sell prodsion. ommis paid c n o ucts to businesses, government id are pa eck, they get tatives h n c e e y r s a o agencies, and other institue p r m les rep regular they sell, the o n r o Most sa f receiving a e le r tions, often traveling for sevo ans litt he mo Instead their sales: T r no sales me s. Salespeople eral days or weeks at a time. o n k o t w ec based ing tha ake. Fe ns big paych w m o y n e k th ls They answer questions ea money ales m their bil Many s get and pay . y e about their products and n o m bud table. arn to ic d le e t r s p u show clients how the products can m un come is their in meet their needs and save them money. They also take orders and resolve problems or complaints about their merchandise.

Subjects to Study Math, English, speech, communication skills, accounting, business courses, psychology, foreign languages, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

176

Sales & Related Occupations

Think of some businesses in your community (such as hospitals, grocery stores, and restaurants) that might order products from manufacturers’ sales representatives. What kind of products would each of these businesses buy?

Related Jobs Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers; insurance sales agents; purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents; real estate brokers and sales agents; retail salespersons; sales engineers; securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Sales Worker Supervisors On the Job

SO

ME Sales worker supervisors work TH Many p in all kinds of stores—dress ING E X TRA eople in w our eco eek ho shops, toy stores, convenience u n They lik rs—8 A .M. to omy work sta stores, and bakeries to name ndard e havin 5 P.M., wo g knowin M g exactl evenings and onday throu rka few. They hire, train, and gh Frid y when weeken thrive o ay. they wil ds free n supervise workers. They also l work. and who en different hou Bu rs. jo workin ys working ev Maybe you’r t other people make the schedule of who g on a e a nig enings. ht pers Satu O middle will work what hours. They on of the w rday and ta r maybe you k prefer it in e ’ e g s not c k a s o d order supplies, keep the ay off in th r and we owded. Retail at you can hit the ekends manag th books, make bank ers ofte e beach whe but hav their ow n work e time n n thing deposits, and often wait off dur . ing the nights week to on customers. Most work do evenings and weekends, and they spend a lot of time on their feet.

Subjects to Study Math, English, psychology, business courses, communication skills, computer skills

Discover More Visit a shop in your neighborhood and ask the manager if you can help out after school one or two days a week. You might help stock shelves or clean up. Watch the manager at work and ask about the best and worst parts of the job.

Education & Training Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Financial managers, food service managers, lodging managers, medical and health services managers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Little change

Sales & Related Occupations

177

Securities, Commodities & Financial Services Sales Agents On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Securities and commodities

sales agents buy and sell stocks, erage trial Av the s u d In bonds, and other financial s w Jone e person was the the Do f m d o a e s products for clients who want h d s r e al? Th w publi ou hea Have y ll Street Journ . Charles Do mation about to invest in the stock market. oth Wa for ror the ehind b e financial in all Street Jou b e c They explain terms and the r o v f W a driving paper that g into the market aver- l w e r g y il advantages and disadvanr t stock dustria first da s. That pape the firs Jones In ol ie d e n w p a o p tages of different investlo D e m v e ho co also de wn as th ished high sc w o o n k D e l. ments. Financial service na cam er fin hich be he nev age, w Interestingly sales agents usually work ). e. should Averag ou definitely for banks. They contact potential cusy (though tomers to sell their bank’s services, which might include retirement planning and other investment services.

Subjects to Study Math, English, communication skills, computer skills, speech, accounting, economics, psychology, government, business courses

Education & Training Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Discover More Find the stock market listings in the business section of your newspaper. Ask a parent or teacher to explain them to you. Listen to the stock market report on news programs or look up some stocks on the Internet.

Related Jobs Insurance sales agents, real estate brokers and sales agents, financial analysts and personal financial advisors

Job Outlook Average increase

178

Sales & Related Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Travel Agents On the Job

SO

ME Travel agents make hotel, airTH While th line, car-rental, and cruise ING E X TRA e majo r th ity e Baha reservations for people and mas or of travel age more u nts pla family n nu businesses. They plan group cr climb u sual destinati uises, some s getaways to ons. W p Moun pecializ tours and conferences. They hether tK through it’s pla e in the Bw ilimanjaro or nning a tell clients what papers they indi Im agents tr acking pe ou Though t there who c netrable Fore gorillas need to travel in foreign st, ther an plan it ea tainly b probably wo th countries. They must be uldn’t b at exotic trip re e mem orable. e chea p, it wo for you. up-to-date on cultural and uld cer political issues, restaurants, and tourist attractions.

Subjects to Study Communication skills, computer skills, geography, English, foreign languages, history, math, business courses

Discover More What foreign country are you curious about? Read about that country and find it on a map. Then find an Internet site where you can learn more about life in that country. Finally, make a list of all the places you would like to visit in your life.

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks

Voc/tech training

$$$

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Sales & Related Occupations

179

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Bill & Account Collectors On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Bill and account collectors keep

track of accounts that are overt of s a deb e U.S. ie r r a c due and try to collect payment sehold rom th an hou g to figures f d to the ic r e on them. Some are employed m mpare ccordin erage A The av n $18,000, a is nothing co ment, which by collection agencies; others a at is vern more th eserve. But th tes Go national debt ta S work directly for companies d R e l e nit is Federa f the U n dollars. Th s all across th o t b e d o r such as stores, hospitals, or current e than 8 trilli reign investo r o f o m d n s banks. They use computers t! a e a th ow .S. both U ing to collect to d e y and special software to keep track of ow e tr Imagin globe. clients, and they spend a lot of time on the phone. Because money can be a sensitive matter, collectors must have good people skills while still being persistent.

Subjects to Study Math, English, computer skills, business courses, accounting, psychology, foreign languages

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Spend half a day in the collection office of your local hospital. Talk to the collectors and ask about their most interesting cases. Many have wild stories about people going to great lengths to escape paying their bills.

Related Jobs Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks; loan officers; interviewers

Job Outlook Above-average increase

182

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Billing & Posting Clerks & Machine Operators On the Job

SO

ME Billing and posting clerks keep TH You pro records of customers’ charges ING E X TRA bably k n w ow wha hen it c and payments. They calculate t o refers to mes to study the word cra mming ing for the total amount due from a unexpla me tests bill and in often in ed charges— . But cramm ans customer and prepare a ing als contests itiated usually o by on you o detailed bill showing any r phon charge r services. Th scam artists e offering ese uns you for cru se fr and it o new charges and payments. ften jus rvices you did pulous individ ee t o n uals s ’ n how t ev Billing machine operators the bill. Sneaky s up as “Mis en want or g cellane e . print out bills and ous cha t, rges” invoices, which are then sent to customers.

Subjects to Study Math, computer skills, office skills, English, accounting, bookkeeping, business courses

Discover More Ask your parents to show you some of the bills they receive. What information is included on each bill? Ask what the terms “transaction date” and “closing date” mean. See if there are any additional charges that your parents can’t explain.

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Payroll and timekeeping clerks; bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; tellers; order clerks

Moderate-term OJT

$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

183

Bookkeeping, Accounting & Auditing Clerks On the Job EXTRA

Bookkeeping and accounting clerks keep records of all the their spend y e th money their company spends of how of business. t ucp track s u e o e s ’ k o y and receives. They prepare t g n s might compa ses mu Busines therwise, they e crucial to a t helps manreports, post bank deposits, ar en ;o money bookkeepers eing sp all of the b is y and pay bills. Auditing clerks e n te fit ate Accura wing how mo ns that bene , accur it d u a o io x check the financial records n cess. K ke good decis case of a ta trouble out of a In s . s m s e s e of other employees in an r e in e s y ag bu plo y ’s em can keep the n a p m organization and correct s co l record financia S! any errors they find. These clerks must be e IR with th careful in their work in order to ensure the accuracy of financial records. They also must be comfortable using computers.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Math, office skills, computer skills, English, business courses, accounting

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Keep your own financial records. Use a notebook to record any money you receive from allowance, gifts, or chores. Then record how you spend your money. Keep your receipts and banking records in a file.

Related Jobs Bill and account collectors; billing and posting clerks and machine operators; brokerage clerks; credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks; payroll and timekeeping clerks; procurement clerks; tellers

Job Outlook Little change

184

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Gaming Cage Workers On the Job

SO

ME Gaming cage workers, also TH Many p called cage cashiers, work in ING E X TRA eople th p ink of c laces. S casinos and other gaming asin ome ar ing pla e , but m os as exotic, ces mu companies. The “cage” they any are glamor st deal w ou not! W ith ang stand on the o rkers in s work in is the central deposiir feet f ry and have h gamo u r p ad too tory for money, chips, and much to set customers long hours; from o — the dr some o f profess r people’s cig ink—and bre paperwork. They do credit athe th whom ion. arettes. e T sm u rnover checks on people who want is high oke in this to open a casino credit account and sell gambling chips, tokens, and tickets. They use cash registers, adding machines, and computers to add up transactions. They must follow strict rules and regulations when handling money.

Subjects to Study Math, business courses, English, foreign languages

Discover More To learn about careers in the gaming industry, check out the Web site for the American Gaming Association: www.americangaming.org.

Related Jobs Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks; gaming service occupations; sales worker supervisors; cashiers; retail salespersons; tellers

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

185

Payroll & Timekeeping Clerks On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Payroll and timekeeping clerks

make sure that workers get re a These a en? s it f e b n their paychecks on time and inge be ployer. Fringe term fr k m e ic e s th r , that the checks are for the s u d y r o lida from y ou hea and ho nd s n Have y tra payment o ti right amount. Payroll clerks vaca ex ce, a s kind of t include paid ition assistan fringe benefit figure a worker’s pay by h tu s , ig b’ efits m surance etimes, a jo e. For n in o h e lt v a ti m e c adding up the hours worked o eaters n attra days, h unts. S e disco -paying job a g in movie th e. e y lo and subtracting taxes, insurp er kin re em e a low ople like wor t movies for f k a m n e ance, and other deductions. ca ep lates le, som n see all the examp a Timekeeping clerks collect timecards c y e the becaus from employees and check them for errors. Many of these clerks perform other additional clerical tasks, such as file management and data entry.

Subjects to Study Math, office skills, computer skills, English, accounting

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

186

Ask your parents to show you their paycheck stubs. Notice the difference between the “gross” and “net” earnings. Find out what costs (such as insurance, taxes, and savings plans) are taken out of the paycheck. These are called “deductions.”

Related Jobs Bill and account collectors; billing and posting clerks and machine operators; bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; gaming cage workers; procurement clerks; tellers

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Procurement Clerks On the Job

SO

ME Procurement clerks order the TH Procure supplies and materials compaING E X TRA ment c le b rks use usiness nies need to stay in business. d e ogy, m s. Today, how to be vital em any cle They keep track of orders, e ployees ver, wit rks are systems being r h advances in of most . Orde making sure they arrive on eplaced rs can techno plies ge be p lby t schedule at the right price ters tha low. For exam laced autom automated atically tk ple, ma as supn whenev eep track of and meet the company’s stock a y stores use c er supp n a li d sh s e o s go be p me com needs. These clerks perlow a s lace reorders regispanies to e t le wil order in form inventory checks, ventory l always need vel. Of cours yesterd . e, B a rea u t a there a y. keep spreadsheets, and re fewe l human bein r g today th place orders when stocks an are short. They work in companies of all sizes and all kinds.

Subjects to Study Math, office skills, computer skills, English, foreign languages

Discover More Try keeping track of inventory in your kitchen at home. Make a simple spreadsheet on graph paper or on the computer, noting how much of each item your family has on hand. When you notice something is getting low, write it down on a list hanging on the refrigerator so that it gets bought on the next grocery trip.

Related Jobs Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents; order clerks; file clerks; secretaries and administrative assistants; receptionists and information clerks

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Declining

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

187

Tellers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Tellers work for banks, credit

unions, and pension funds. autobank ’s ir e e th k a e They cash checks, make e to us ash, m days lik ) to take out c e convene s e deposits and withdrawals, and th r eople (ATMs ATMs a y, seven . y e n Many p er machines o a m accept loan payments. They rs a d tell e deposit 24 hou mated at som th m ts, and e t n n e th use computers to keep ie m e n y s e loan pa use you can u so conv to see an e r a y a e ls records. Tellers begin work c fact, th ient be dividua er than use eek. In ging in th r w a a r a h l c before the bank opens by s a y d w da rte withdra ave sta a h e s k k a n counting the cash in their ba to m person actual drawers and end the workday by accu! chine the ma rately balancing their cash drawers with the day’s receipts. They must be friendly with customers, even when customers are rude to them.

Subjects to Study Math, English, communication skills, computer skills, foreign languages, accounting

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Little change

188

Discover More Open a savings or checking account at your local bank or credit union. Ask the teller to explain how to make deposits and withdrawals and how to use the ATM. Watch what the teller does as he or she helps you.

Related Jobs Bill and account collectors; billing and posting clerks and machine operators; bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; gaming cage workers; brokerage clerks; credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Brokerage Clerks On the Job

SO

ME Brokerage clerks record the sale TH Think y and purchase of stocks, bonds, ING E X TRA ou hav e D wh uring b and other investments. They ull mar at it takes to you wil k l take o ets (when sto be a brokera may contact customers, take ge cler rders, te cks are money k? ge ll th orders, and inform clients of back. D ey ’ve made, your custome nerally rising), rs an u changes in their accounts. howeve ring bear ma d hear lots of how much rkets (w r, you m hen sto happy feedthat he ight be Most workers assist stock cks or she the one has los age cle who m are falling), brokers, for whom they t rks nee ust tell money. d the p a clien t take calls from clients, eople s At these time s, brok kills of e a r f uneral write up order tickets, and process directo r! paperwork. Technology is changing their jobs today, as many now use special computer programs to process transactions.

Subjects to Study Math, business courses, office skills, computer skills, English, foreign languages, accounting

Discover More You can learn more about the investment industry by checking out these Web sites on the Internet: The Young Investor

www.younginvestor.com

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Kids’ Money www.kidsmoney.org EduStock http://library.thinkquest.org/3088/

Related Jobs Bill and account collectors; billing and posting clerks and machine operators; bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; order clerks; tellers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

189

Credit Authorizers, Checkers & Clerks On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Credit clerks collect and con-

firm information that people out a s taken a h o h give when they apply for rd or w Credit redit ca credit history. l start crec a s credit. Sometimes they invesa wil who h has a s. You e ie r m o to Anyone uy something s is tigate further by verifying b these h time you buy loan to eep track of st time, ir f n o e employment or financial k ls th il s y bureau r credit histor n’t pay your b ake a habit m u o information. Credit checkers o d be able ating y credit. If you t. If you ow tha ou might not h n s o l il research credit records and g w rt ,y thin dit repo r bills on time u want. e r c r u decide whether customers yo you t yo paying or the car tha of not or businesses have enough good credit to e s a hou to buy pay for what they want to buy. Credit authorizers approve charges on existing accounts.

Subjects to Study English, communication skills, computer skills, math

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Ask your parents if they know what information is in their credit histories. What credit cards do they have? Ask them if they have a house or car loan. How much do they owe on their loans? Then, for fun, ask them if they will get you your own credit card (provided you don’t have one already).

Related Jobs Bill and account collectors, loan officers, insurance underwriters

Job Outlook Declining

190

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Customer Service Representatives On the Job

SO

ME Customer service representaTH Did you tives work directly with cusING E X TRA know th p at 30 y ump yo tomers, answering questions, ears ag ur own o you d the car g as? Or ? When taking orders, and solving idn carry y people thing a our ow ’t have to s custo c n o m problems. Many work for grocerie plain th mer se bering s to at “the rvice a a ti m r e’s no nymore e when utilities, such as electric or such se s uch , ” c o th mp rv e some c ices. But custo anies paid e y are rememgas companies or cable TV x ompan mer se ie rvice is tra to provide learnin companies. They may hanalive a g that c s and stores. nd well And Am onsum better c in ers dle billing mistakes, erican us industr always tomer service are willing to y is . Reme right! p arrange for customers to mber, th ay more for e custom have services switched on er is or off, and listen to lots of complaints. These workers spend a lot of time on the phone, and the work can often be repetitious and stressful.

Subjects to Study English, foreign languages, psychology, office skills, computer skills

Discover More The next time you have a problem with a product or service, pay special attention to how the customer service representative handles it. He or she must stay calm under pressure, be polite and helpful, and work quickly and efficiently. That’s provided you get around to talking to a real live human being, of course.

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Related Jobs Tellers; insurance sales agents; securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents; retail salespersons; computer support specialists; gaming services occupations Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

191

File Clerks On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

File clerks sort, store, retrieve,

and update office records filed g as a workin y b s s e s according to a company’s sysbusine firm se about a clerk at a law e comt lo tem. They examine incoming a nc n learn ample, a file . Insura claim d e r You ca a x p e information and mark it with re pre pes of k. For file cler l documents a ut different ty any can help a number or letter code. o p a b g how le clerks learn a clerk in a com learning in e e They store the information pany fil orking as a fil re interested a W u o . s y in a paper file or enter r m r e fo eth ess. ide wh kind of busin c e d u the information into a computer file. yo at bout th more a When someone in the company needs information from a file, the clerk retrieves it. Because most filing is done electronically nowadays, filing clerks must be as comfortable around computers as they are around cabinets.

Subjects to Study English, office skills, math, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Set up a filing system at home using a file cabinet, folders, or a simple cardboard box. Keep your report cards, medical records, information about sports and activities, and your financial records in it. Make sure everything is clearly labeled and easy to find.

Related Jobs Receptionists and information clerks; stock clerks and order fillers

Job Outlook Declining

192

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Hotel, Motel & Resort Desk Clerks On the Job

SO

ME Hotel, motel, and resort desk TH So just clerks help guests check in and ING E X TRA what is th m e differ otel (be out of the inn, using compute nicer o sides a letter)? nce between r offer ers to assign rooms. They a hotel In ge more s the mo ervices neral hotels te and st agre answer questions about the than m n ed-upo rooms otels. B d to be n dis ha ut perh local area and the establishwherea ve to be acce tinction is th aps at s ss outside at a motel the ed from insid at a hotel, th ment itself. They keep e e . So the r n what ooms are ac corridors, records of room assigncessible does th at mak f e a hos rom the ments and collect payment from tel? guests. In smaller motels, desk clerks may also act as bookkeepers and switchboard operators.

Subjects to Study Math, English, geography, psychology, communication skills, speech, computer skills, foreign languages

Discover More If you were a desk clerk at a hotel or motel in your town, what places would you suggest that guests visit? Which restaurants would you recommend? Make a visitor’s guide for your community.

Related Jobs Counter and rental clerks, customer service representatives, receptionists and information clerks, retail salespersons

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

193

Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll & Timekeeping On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Human resources assistants

work with people who are ment govern l a r e d applying for jobs in their comtain r the fe work fo curity. To main is often o d pany as well as with newly t a nies th with se panies like th d Compa s concerned n m a o hired workers. They explain ay ks in c loyees are alw ersonnel cler dges for emp k into a new company rules, dress codes, p c a , b he security fication s might also c redit and ti n e id pay policies, and benefits. c e prepar ersonnel clerk ooling, and h P c s . s , r s They also maintain o b it vis t jo e’s pas e y lo p employee records and notify employem y. l histor crimina ees of job openings in the company. When conflicts arise at work, human resources workers help mediate them.

Subjects to Study English, psychology, communication skills, office skills, computer skills, speech

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

194

Get a job application from a business and look at the kind of information it asks for. Practice filling one out. If you can’t get an application from a business, check the library for books with examples of job applications.

Related Jobs Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; communications equipment operators; customer service representatives; data entry and information processing workers; order clerks; receptionists and information clerks; secretaries and administrative assistants; stock clerks and order fillers

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Interviewers On the Job

SO

ME Interviewers help people comTH Busines plete consumer surveys. New ING E X TRA ses use s T urveys hey mig accounts clerks help people to get a ll kinds ers to f ht place a for ill it ou m in a fill out bank account or of t and s m people agazin information. end it in e to call and charge card applications. . Some consum shamp times th ask reade o r o s th a nd ask ey buy They might work with peopanies what b ey hire or wh us their pr e this informa at TV shows th rand of ple face to face, on the teleoducts. tion to ey watc help th phone, or by mail. Some em sell h. Commore o f interviewers get financial and medical information before admitting patients to a hospital. Others verify information or create new files. All must have good people skills.

Subjects to Study English, communication skills, math, psychology, sociology, foreign languages

Discover More Take a survey to find out what books your friends are reading. Ask for each book’s title and author. Has the person read other books by that author? What kinds of books are your friends reading? Do you notice any trends?

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Procurement clerks, customer service representatives, bill and account collectors

Short-term OJT to Moderate-term OJT

$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

195

Library Assistants, Clerical On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Library assistants help librarians

by working at the desk that e to he cam er, n e h w v lends and collects books, issur man , howe s a poo d. In America y. When a w ie ing library cards, and repairg tr n us Carne Scotla teel ind ost of his s e Andrew d States from th ing books. They may provide llars in ite gave m ss the the Un millions of do industry, he ro c a s special help to people who ie e e it r. he mad is interest in th oday, many c the money M T h . 0 can’t see well or to students to n 2,50 he sold way to charity blic libraries ore tha u a p m e e e n looking for assignment r e r tu a f r e fo eir tal ther owe th to y ll tr A n . u materials. They file books co ted ie dona Carneg libraries. when they are returned or left out and ie Carneg collect fines for overdue books. Many of them work part-time, making the job appealing to retirees, students, and others who need a flexible schedule.

Subjects to Study English, math, computer skills, office skills

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook

Volunteer to clerk in your school library. Learn about the computer systems used in libraries to keep track of books, loans, overdue fines, and interlibrary loans. It’s a long way from the old-fashioned card file.

Related Jobs File clerks; human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping; order clerks; receptionists and information clerks; reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks; librarians; library technicians

Average increase

196

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Order Clerks On the Job

SO

ME Order clerks receive and fill TH Do you requests for machine parts, ING E X TRA like to s c hop by atalogs movie rentals, clothing, foods, phone, ? If so, half of orderin you de al with and all kinds of other items. g thing all orde s order c r clerks sales, a lerks. M from work in nd man After completing the order, ore tha wholes y of the clerks r n ale or ec m work they send it to the proper retail They a eive orders b in cata lso han log sale y mail, dle cus e And th department to be filled. tomer q -mail, fax, o s. These ey mus r ph ue t remem is alwa They may fill orders from ber the stions and co one. ys righ m t!” old rule other employees inside a , “The plaints. custom er business, from salespeople, or from customers. Most work regular workday hours, but some must work nights and weekends.

Subjects to Study Math, English, foreign languages, computer skills, office skills

Discover More Look through a catalog and read the directions for placing an order. Fill out the order form for the products you’d like to buy. Make sure you give all the information asked for on the form. Figure out what your order would cost, including tax and shipping charges.

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Stock clerks and order fillers; hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks

Short-term OJT

$$$

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

197

Receptionists & Information Clerks On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Receptionists greet customers

on the phone and in person anizaan org the in e r e f and refer them to the proper ngs wh part o ho belo an important ompaw w o person or department. Makn c ey are larger onists k n o Recepti use of this, th ompanies. In ti a ing a good first impression is entific ca tc tion. Be ystem at mos give visitors id to the proper an important part of this job, s r t o security ptionists migh escort a visit itors and the e is c to as the receptionist is the first meet v nies, re sk someone a e first to s characters. r th o s e person most customers or r d r a n ca iou hey ofte ms or suspic T . e ic f clients meet. Some receptionists are of oble spot pr first to responsible for coordinating incoming and outgoing mail as well. Information clerks file papers, make copies, do basic data entry, and may also be asked to answer phones in the front office.

Subjects to Study English, communication skills, speech, computer skills, psychology, foreign languages, business courses, office skills

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Volunteer to be a greeter or an usher for a school play, a sports event, or a dance. Help people with their questions and concerns. Do you enjoy working with the public?

Related Jobs Dispatchers, secretaries and administrative assistants, customer service representatives

Job Outlook Above-average increase

198

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Reservation & Transportation Ticket Agents & Travel Clerks On the Job

SO

ME Reservation and transportation TH Many p ticket agents make and conING E X TRA eople b e c long to ontact firm travel and hotel reservathe clu b when automobile c tell the lub the tions, answer questions about tra Then th vel clerk whe y are plannin s. Members re they e trave g a trip rates and routes, and sell l clerk route fo maps o want to go a . They r th e nd whe tickets. Travel clerks plan ut the m trip. Th road co n. e ma ost n trips. It struction, alte p provides in convenient trips and offer travel suggesrn formati also sh o ows ho ative routes, and ho tions. They tell their clients w man and sce n about w long y miles nic side it will ta the trip about tourist attractions, ke. will cov er quality hotels, and good restaurants. These clerks and agents might work for travel clubs, airlines, hotels, or other businesses.

Subjects to Study English, math, geography, communication skills, computer skills, history, psychology, foreign languages

Discover More Look through travel magazines or the travel section of a newspaper. Pick somewhere you would like to visit and send for information about it or look up information about it on the Internet.

Related Jobs Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks; travel agents; flight attendants; counter and rental clerks; order clerks; customer service representatives; receptionists and information clerks

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

199

Cargo & Freight Agents On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Cargo and freight agents sort

cargo according to where it is ay, it faraw iris v to t a going, determine shipping ith an ou wan l? Do y eight agent w rs have e v a rates and other costs, and tr r carrie love to ing a f d Do you ces? If so, be you. Many air ees work. An then track the shipments. la loy or exotic p t be the job f merican emp travel on their They take orders from cush A e line mig offices where employees fre dby, but it’s n s ir tomers and arrange for oversea nes offer the have to fly sta ll irli ’ a ! u d o y pickup of items for delivery y n in f , a m ’ll rse Of cou flyer deal you . s e n to loading platforms. They also check pla ntt freque the bes on missing or damaged items. Cargo and freight agents work for air and railroad carriers, trucking services, and department stores. Some work in warehouses or outside on loading platforms may be required.

Subjects to Study Math, English, foreign languages, business courses, bookkeeping, geography

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

Call a freight service in your town and ask if you can spend a day shadowing a freight agent. Pay attention to the kinds of tasks he or she performs. Ask about the best and worst aspects of the job.

Related Jobs Couriers and messengers; shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks; weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping; truck drivers and driver/sales workers; postal service workers

Declining

200

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Couriers & Messengers On the Job

SO

ME Messengers and couriers drive, TH Have y walk, or ride bicycles to pick ING E X TRA ou alw a y b s wante e your up and deliver letters and d to ru o n vices m wn boss? If s o, cour your own bu packages that must be delivight be siness a ier and perfect are self nd m fo -emplo ered quickly—usually within yed. All r you. Many essenger serand a o c it f e th ll ta p e k se work es is re hone. Y a single city. Most work for place to liable ou’ll s ers p ply turn lace. When y pend your da transportatio courier services, although n ou’re r o eady to ys moving fro And m ff the phone! some work for law firms m ean do c J lo u s s e t beware shop, s gs. imof bad and many others are selfweathe r. employed and provide their own vehicles. Some messengers are paid by how many deliveries they make and how far they travel.

Subjects to Study English, foreign languages, driver’s education, geography

Discover More Start your own local courier service. Offer to deliver letters and packages at your school, church, or local hospital. You will pick up your packages at the main office and deliver them to other rooms in the building, or perhaps to other buildings.

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Postal service workers; truck drivers and driver/sales workers; shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks; cargo and freight agents

Short-term OJT

$$

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

201

Dispatchers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Dispatchers receive emergency

calls, find out where help is ency t emerg y a c e ir d s needed and how serious the r mes pla patche ncy dis s, they someti children e g r e situation is, and send police, m ly do e ccident scene perators tell ns o ti c Not on o u a tr 1 s firefighters, or ambulances to s to the ing lives. 91 give in service av parent, nd tell callers s d in e r the scene. Dispatchers in le ju o a d direct r lp a sick or in re in shock, ch bloo w u m e a o h transportation coordinate how to g people who from losing to ers never kno e in h n tc lp o a e e arrivals and departures of p h m is r d so fo ey revent s. Emergency , but th p k r o to w w shipments to meet specific ho rive ey go to help ar when th n before e time schedules. All disp p ce. ill ha what w ake a differen patchers keep records of the calls they m always

receive and what they do about them. This kind of work can be stressful, especially in emergency situations.

Subjects to Study English, computer skills, communication skills, psychology, foreign languages

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Learn how to contact emergency help in your community. Visit a fire or police station and ask for permission to watch a dispatcher work.

Related Jobs Air traffic controllers, communications equipment operators, customer service representatives, reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks

Job Outlook Average increase

202

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Meter Readers, Utilities On the Job

SO

ME Meter readers check electric, TH Techno gas, water, or steam meters at ING E X TRA logy is c h in anging the num businesses and houses and this field ber of systems record how much has been allow c jobs. New au and causing a decli ompan tomate custom ne dm ies er used. They also inspect the years b s from a centr to monitor m eter-reading e a e f l te o p r r e oint. s and b meters for damage and conthe becaus ill e most se systems re But it will be place a many older h traditio tact repair workers if ll o na m m human l meters. And es and buildin eter readers, needed. They may turn off beings gs the new in chec tamper systems still use the services if the customer king m ing. canno eters fo r dama t replace does not pay the bill and ge or turn on services for new customers. These workers drive or walk on their routes and spend a lot of time outdoors.

Subjects to Study Math, computer skills, business courses, bookkeeping

Discover More Check the electric or gas meter on your own house or apartment. Track your family’s use for one month. How much electricity or gas did you use? Now check the bill from the utility company. Do your figures match up? How much does the company charge per unit?

Related Jobs

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

203

Postal Service Workers On the Job EXTRA

The U.S. Postal Service delivers billions of pieces of mail each re often and a n ig s week. Postal workers sort mail or de em— printing r printed on th the in s r o for delivery, sell stamps, weigh r e r e with e e numb ke for instanc p that Stamps able than th m a T packages, and help customers older. alu dish sta more v e as they get tamp—a Swe green. It was file claims for damaged s f lu o y gain va ost expensive nge instead recentl g It . 5 a m r 8 packages. Mail sorters prey in 18 ellow-o world’s e findin ted in y 4-year-old bo llars! Imagin in r p pare incoming and outgoing s 1 do wa ed by a n two million r e v o c mail for delivery. Mail dis tha r more sold fo ur mailbox. carriers deliver the mail to homes and yo that in businesses on foot or by car in all kinds of weather. They also pick up mail from homes and businesses on their route.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study English, physical education, driver’s education, communication skills, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Declining

204

Find out who delivers your mail and talk to your carrier about his or her job. Does your carrier walk or drive? What are the working hours? What does your carrier like or dislike about the job?

Related Jobs Cashiers; counter and rental clerks; file clerks; shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks; couriers and messengers; truck drivers and driver/sales workers; inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers; material moving occupations

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Production, Planning & Expediting Clerks On the Job

SO

ME These clerks coordinate the TH Have y flow of information, work, ING E X TRA ou hea r d te the term mp age and materials within or basis to ncies? They s s personnel s up up among offices. They set and c worker ompanies tha ply workers o ply services o s full-ti r n t d a temp review schedules, estimate o n’t wan me. Ma expedit orary t or ne n y in p g e r o c d lerks a costs, keep inventory of those cies rath re actu duction, plan e ning, a ally em work. T r than the co materials, inspect and mpanie ployed by te nd his me mp a a s in w n n s o le assemble materials, and benefit s. But it ss job securit hich they do genw it y ’s th , of cou hout m order replacements when aking a a good way rse, an eir to d lo often c n h g e ck out term co supplies are low. Most a job mmitm e nt. work in manufacturing companies and in wholesale trade or grocery stores.

Subjects to Study Math, computer skills, business courses, bookkeeping, English

Discover More Visit your local grocery and ask if you can spend a day with the people who do this job. You might help take inventory, order new supplies, answer phones, or check on overdue shipments. Don’t forget to ask lots of questions.

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Cargo and freight agents; shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks; stock clerks and order fillers; weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping

Short-term OJT

$$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

205

Shipping, Receiving & Traffic Clerks On the Job S OM E T H

EXTRA

Traffic clerks keep records of all freight coming in and leaving a company and make sure the company is charged correctly. Shipping clerks keep records on all outgoing shipments. They fill orders from the stockroom and direct workwho load products onto trucks. Receiving clerks check materials coming into the warehouse, make sure they are in good condition, and send them to the right departments.

ING

erate. uses op o h e r a way w puter ged the handheld com re n a h c s ods mo ers use logy ha Techno rehouse work m check in go veyer belts e a con ove Many w which help th s even have le to m e , b e s s a r u e e o n r h n a e on sca war that them. G robots . Some quickly mputers and ple can move . co peo oard run by ter than ncil and clipb s a f ls ers materia ays of the pe d are the

Subjects to Study Math, computer skills, business courses, bookkeeping

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Make a list of basic items you use every day, such as toothpaste, tissues, soap, and shampoo. Or make a list of the supplies you use at school. Check your personal inventory. What items do you need to restock?

Related Jobs Stock clerks and order fillers; production, planning, and expediting clerks; cargo and freight agents; postal service workers

Job Outlook Little change

206

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Stock Clerks & Order Fillers On the Job

SO

ME Stock clerks receive, unpack, TH An inve and check materials into the ING E X TRA ntory is m h as on h ade up stockroom. They keep records a has if it nd. A busine of all the pro ducts a of items entering and leaving ss mus is goin tk g b the mo st popu to be success now what pro usiness the stockroom and report ful. Bar lar way ducts it the bla code sy to track ck strip damaged or spoiled prodes stems a in use ha re nd-held you see on it ventory. Bar codes a ems yo scanne keep th ucts. Order fillers bring u buy. r rs to re e e inven Stoc ad to on the items to the sales floor and back o ry accurate. C bar codes. T k clerks h f this b heck o ook. stock shelves. They also ut the b is helps ar code gather items for shipment in mailorder companies. Many stock clerks work for department or grocery stores. The work can be physically strenuous.

Subjects to Study English, math, computer skills, physical education, bookkeeping

Discover More Visit a grocery, retail, or warehouse-style store. Are there any stock clerks working on the floor? If so, notice how they organize products on the shelves. Ask what they like about the job.

Related Jobs Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks; production, planning, and expediting clerks; cargo and freight agents; procurement clerks

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

207

Weighers, Measurers, Checkers & Samplers, Recordkeeping On the Job EXTRA

Just as the job titles imply, these workers weigh, measure, and s have ism a r g check materials, supplies, and ro rice d news p res of p elf, but ral TV to e s v y e r equipment to keep records. s e h s c in gro n the s nt year In rece on a practice e one price o h register. Most of their duties are clerid rtis cas reporte s. They adve on the ncy and pay p u s cal. They make sure that the g ie c pa rin crepan r price tice the discre take along a e h ig h r, amounts, quality, and value o anothe ppers don’t n a bad idea to wn the price o t o d d o h s n n k r t a of things the company is s s a ’ lf o M e. It she p. M her pric time you sho ing or on the t save ig h e buying matches what was th s ry tis eet eve pany ’s adver r. You might ju tally sh m te ordered and paid for. They o is c g the sh re listed in gainst the ca use weight scales, counting a check it ney! tools, tally sheets, computers, and calculators o m some in their work.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Math, computer skills, business courses, bookkeeping

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook

Go along on a grocery-shopping trip with your parents. Take a tally sheet and a calculator. Record the price listed on each item and check it against the amount the cashier rings up. Keep a running total on the calculator as you go and check that amount against the cashier’s as well.

Related Jobs Cargo and freight agents; production, planning, and expediting clerks; shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks; stock clerks and order fillers; procurement clerks

Declining

208

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

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Communications Equipment Operators On the Job

SO

ME Most communications equipTH Do you ment operators are telephone ING E X TRA love to ta p eople? lk on th operators, helping customers Can yo e phon stances u stay c e find the phone numbers they ? If so, alm un ? Do you like telepho der stre you. Th helping ne ssf es need, place collect calls, or answer e workers spe operator ma ul circumy be th ing que nd their make overseas calls. These e job fo sti over th r e world ons and talk days (or nigh ing wit ts and in ) ply wan operators are employed by h people all kind t so fro distanc help locating large telephone companies. e, but te a phon f situations. M m all e le d ost n e p u pressed hone o Switchboard operators perator mber or diali simpeople victims ng long s out of have ta un work in offices, hospitals, lked tant da til the police suicide, helpe ds thro a and hotels helping to ugh de rrived, and e d calm accide livering ve n babies! n talked exp t route incoming and outgoecing phone calls. Communications equipment operators work in offices, usually wearing portable headgear that frees their hands for typing. They may work nights and weekends.

Subjects to Study English, public speaking, computer skills, foreign languages

Discover More For more information about a career as a communications equipment operator, contact the Communications Workers of America, 2725 El Camino Ave., Sacramento, CA 95821; (916) 484-9421. Or check out their Web site: www.cwa-union.org.

Related Jobs Dispatchers; hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks; customer service representatives; receptionists and information clerks; reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Declining

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

209

Computer Operators On the Job EXTRA

Computer operators supervise computer hardware systems g a com in d il u b and keep them working . In ught of ise you les first tho r might surpr r a o h h smoothly. They watch for and C w d know answe n name nalytical ia c ti Do you r when? The a try to prevent computer athem d an a O puter? 30, a British m chine he calle it ran on problems. On a daily basis, a 8 o s d about 1 designed a m ctricity then, tons an 5 1 d le e e they might check the come the Babbag here was no e weigh T rototyp bage is called . p e t s puter’s controls and load in ir g f en ab fact his arles B In h ! C m ! a h tapes, paper, and discs as ste hig ht feet was eig computing. needed. When there is a computer f father o error, they must locate and solve the problem. Computer operators may be required to work evening, night, and weekend shifts.

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Subjects to Study Math, English, communication skills, computer science, computer skills

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Declining

210

How do blind people use computers? Visit your local library and ask whether it has any talking or Braille computers. (Braille is a special kind of raised writing that blind people “read” with their fingertips.) Sit in front of the computer, close your eyes, and try to use it.

Related Jobs Computer software engineers; computer programmers; computer support specialists and systems administrators; data entry and information processing workers; computer systems analysts; secretaries and administrative assistants

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Data Entry & Information Processing Workers On the Job

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ME Information processing workTH Just ho ers set up and type reports, ING E X TRA w fast c a S n tella Pa letters, manuscripts, and mailjunas ty you type? Th e world 1946. p ed 216 Ov ing labels. They may have re aged 1 er a one-hou words in one cord holder 49 wor r span, m inute other office duties as well, ds per to beat minute Margaret Ha back in is n o . Of co t how f mma a such as filing, answering can “te ast yo urse verxt” only on —creating m u can type, b the new recor telephones, and sorting d es ut e Arttu H finger, or in th sages on a ce how fast you mail. Data entry workers arrki o ll e p c h a on se f Finlan d, only of world reco e with fill out forms that appear rd hold a thum er b. on computer screens or enter lists of items or numbers. Sometimes they also proofread and edit documents. These workers are susceptible to wrist, neck, and back injuries from prolonged sitting and typing.

Subjects to Study English, office skills, computer skills, spelling and grammar

Discover More Before you begin a career in this field, you must type at least 50 words per minute accurately. One way to learn to type faster is by typing to music. Start with something moderately slow (like a love song), and then work up to faster and faster beats. The more you practice, the easier it becomes!

Related Jobs Dispatchers, communications equipment operators, court reporters, medical records and health information technicians, secretaries and administrative assistants, computer operators

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Declining

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

211

Desktop Publishers On the Job EXTRA

Desktop publishers use computers to format text, photos, ee last thr thod e th in e charts, and other graphic eley type m asticall ged dr the hot create n d a e h ments to produce newsletters, s c u s ad to rinters ing ha Publish In the past, p sed molten le ages of text. magazines, calendars, business u p s. ce decade aterials. They phs, and full sible on s o p cards, newspapers, books, a r im m g ne rly to print l letters, para as nea ethod has go w e g a a and other publications. individu hanges to a p e hot type m our own th c y , y g in a s in s Most work in firms that d k C a o a M surp et. T taP e was s odo. Sitting a tions that far uickly, p ty e handle commercial printing th d q ca e publi es easily and y of the the wa u can produc g n and in newspaper plants, a ch yo making lead at all! , home, ld o f but many are selflten rks o the wo r go near mo e employed. This is one of the 10 fastestv and ne growing jobs in the U.S.

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Subjects to Study Computer skills, office skills, art, graphic design, photography, English, business courses

Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Discover More Use a personal computer at home or school to design your own newsletter, or volunteer to work on your school newspaper or yearbook. Look through several magazines and newsletters—what catches your eye? What would you change? Can you think of a more attractive way to present the material?

Related Jobs Job Outlook Above-average increase

212

Artists and related workers; commercial and industrial designers; news analysts, reporters, and correspondents; prepress technicians and workers; public relations specialists; writers and editors

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Office & Administrative Support Worker Supervisors & Managers On the Job

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ME These supervisors and manTH Many s agers make sure their employING E X TRA upervis o r o s ther sta ees work efficiently. If tes or e and manage rs mee lite con ven oth tw fe supplies are low or equipe togethe rences. Office r countries by ith people in s in sev r using a ment needs to be repaired, eral loc ttending sate a satell ple atte la it n e ti d ons are s in ig g ca nal they order new supplies or worker linked s all ov n see and he so that all of ar one er the w the peo anyone contract with a repair seranothe orld ca having r. n T m to b his way e eet tog en mor leave h vice. They train new , e than sit e fun to fly o ome. (Thoug ther without employees, plan their ut to To h it mig ting at k your co h nferenc yo for a meeti t have work, and check their e table ng rath er in Wich progress. They evaluate their employees’ ita.) work habits, recommend pay raises and promotions, and sometimes must fire a worker. They can be found in nearly every sector of the economy.

Subjects to Study English, communication skills, computer skills, business courses, math, speech, psychology

Discover More Volunteer to manage a group project. Assign different parts of the project to different people and check their progress. You’ll notice that everyone has his or her own way of doing things. What differences do you notice in the way each person works? How do they respond to your leadership?

Related Jobs Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; customer service representatives; data entry and information processing workers; office clerks, general; receptionists and information clerks; order clerks Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

213

Office Clerks, General On the Job S OM E T H

EXTRA

General office clerks work in all kinds of businesses, from doctors’ offices to banks, from big law firms to small companies. Because a business’s needs change from day to day, a clerk’s job duties do, too. These workers file, type, keep mailings, and proofread documents for mistakes. Senior clerks may be responsible for supervising other workers.

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-level n entry a t e g to e good rience h expe These jobs ar ny and c u m d a n’t nee l office clerk. a comp d work You do ra oor of e oo d n g e e e g th v a u ha ot in o o vel f y r job as If u . o entry-le . tacts get y n n a o c to e s s d y u an n job wa erience r best, you ca n even better p x e in ga you ne to a and do ping sto p habits te s a b as records, prepare clerk jo

Subjects to Study English, word processing, computer skills, math, office skills, bookkeeping, accounting, business courses

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Little change

214

Can you type? Typing well is important in this and almost any other job. Many offices require clerks to type at least 60 words per minute. Take a typing class, practice, and become a good typist.

Related Jobs Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; communications equipment operators; customer service representatives; data entry and information processing workers; order clerks; receptionists and information clerks; secretaries and administrative assistants; stock clerks and order fillers; tellers

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Secretaries & Administrative Assistants On the Job

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ME Secretaries and administrative TH In the p assistants help keep offices ING E X TRA ast, pe o g ple tho ophers organized and running ug , and ma young wome ht of secretar n who smoothly. They schedule de coff typed, ies as low-lev ee. Tod secreta answer e ay ’s re ry now appointments, maintain files, ed pho l ality is is a kin of the o n m e s do uch dif ff type correspondence, greet ferent. , women ice schedules f junior execu A tiv an w confide orking as sec d key inform e, the keeper visitors, and answer teleation. M retaries ntial in fo often h e Most b phone calls. They work ave acc n and usiness rmation and th p e e e s g o s to o compa ple kno od as it with office equipment n w that s secre a comp y credit card. taries! any is o such as computers, fax nly as machines, and copiers. They may supervise clerks and other office workers. Some, such as medical and legal secretaries, do highly specialized work.

Subjects to Study English, spelling and grammar, speech, computer skills, office skills, math

Discover More Talk to the secretaries at your school about their training and job duties. Develop some office skills, such as typing, filing, and word processing.

Related Jobs Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks; receptionists and information clerks; court reporters; human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping; computer operators; data entry and information processing workers; paralegals and legal assistants; medical assistants; medical records and health information technicians

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Office & Administrative Support Occupations

215

Farming, Fishing & Forestry Occupations

Agricultural Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Agricultural workers plant,

grade, and sort farm products. ed? be milk ieve w o c y ir They work with food crops, you retr st a da day mu red? How do re only a s animals, trees, and plants. e any tim et shea you make su of s d How m n do sheep g in o k They may work indoors or t te How d ? Wha st a few How of m beehives? eeding r ju b e e r outdoors, in all kinds of r a a o e fr honey animals ffective? Thes st answer. g n o tr s e u , working conditions. Many rkers m healthy afe and s are s gricultural wo e id c work long, irregular hours in ti s a pe estions u q e th plants and on farms. Some work as inspectors, of ensuring that the nation’s food supply is safe. More than 8 out of 10 agricultural workers are farmworkers and laborers. Farming is one of the most dangerous jobs in the U.S.

Subjects to Study Physical education, shop courses, driver’s education, biology, botany

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT to Work experience

Earnings $

Job Outlook

Plant a garden in your yard or at a community plot. Try your hand at growing some food items: Broccoli, peppers, and tomatoes are easy starters. Look for nonchemical ways to control bugs and other pests. When your crop is ready, make a salad and treat your family to dinner!

Related Jobs Fishers and fishing vessel operators; forest, conservation, and logging workers; grounds maintenance workers; animal care and service workers; veterinary technologists; veterinarians

Declining

218

Farming, Fishing & Forestry Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Fishers & Fishing Vessel Operators On the Job

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ME Fishers and fishing vessel operTH Moby D ators catch and trap fish and ING E X TRA ick, He r s man M tory of seafood for the country’s elville’s a c larly vin sea captain’ s obses lassic book, te restaurants and grocery dictive sive ba white w lls the months ttle ha c stores. The boat’s captain epic ba hasing down le. Ahab and with a particu the hug ttle tak his crew plans and oversees the fishes th eb hunting s is illega e captain’s li east, and the pend groups f ing, hires crew members, . But sa l for all but a e. These day final s, wh f il e o a w r t s on fis a time and arranges for the day’s hing ve Native Americ aleon the m s o an sels still ents—th c catch to be sold. The first ough fe ean, battling spend m f a w of th mate is the captain’s assisem, if a tigue and the onths ny, hav e e wood letant and is in charge when the captain is en legs . not on duty. The boatswain helps the captain oversee the deckhands, who carry out the sailing and fishing operations. These workers may spend weeks or even months at sea, away from family and friends. The work is hard and sometimes dangerous, and employment can be seasonal.

Subjects to Study Physical education, shop courses, navigation, math, first aid

Discover More Take a boating-safety course to learn more about sailing. To find one near you, check out BoatSafe Kids at www.boatsafe.com/kids/index.htm, which has information on classes, online courses, books, activities, and other Web sites.

Related Jobs Water transportation occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Declining

Farming, Fishing & Forestry Occupations

219

Forest, Conservation & Logging Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Forest and conservation workers

help develop and protect reign at is fo gth e g a forests by planting new trees, lo gu e with wn lan as its o you spent tim t job titles. h fighting the pests and diseases b jo n mes a mple, if some differe etters fasa x e Someti r o r that attack trees, and helping iders. F u would hea ees. Choker s to outs tr yo kidded s , n s e r w b e to control soil erosion. Timo k d r to t o ging w d buckers cu nd logs d riggers u o r a ) n s n a ber cutters and loggers cut Fallers el chain e landing. A es on th ide wir ers (ste k u to o g h s d down thousands of acres of c r n ten sa tracto e cable ed) by th g e g tl a r n forests each year for the (d ma and dis set up timber that is used for wood and paper s. the log products. Forest, conservation, and logging workers work outdoors in all kinds of weather. Their work is demanding and dangerous.

Subjects to Study Physical education, first aid, shop courses, botany, biology

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Learn to identify the different kinds of trees in your area. Study a tree identification book and then visit a forest or park. How many trees can you identify?

Related Jobs Conservation scientists and foresters, grounds maintenance workers, material moving operators

Job Outlook Little change

220

Farming, Fishing & Forestry Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Boilermakers On the Job S OM E T H

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Boilermakers build boilers, vats, and other large tanks used for storing liquids and gases. Boilers supply steam for electric engines and for heating and power systems in buildings, factories, and ships. Because most boilers last for 35 years or more, repairing and maintaining them is of a boilermaker’s job. These workers use dangerous equipment, lift heavy items, and may work on ladders or scaffolding.

workonly to the r e f e r used to bers of rmaker , today mem e il con o b s jobs in term oiler f e b o th e ty d e ie il a m me var Wh a wide actually ring. So ers who ers’ union do nd manufactu Others make ak s. ,a boilerm ship-building d oil refinerie alls. Some , n n a lf b structio r plants rs, or even go , while others e w o p s ll n work o chinery, heate rd, and brick e workers ca s a a e o m b th ll y f v a o a w he nt, . All inerals e ceme produc l and other m oa kers. mine c oilerma b a big part s e lv themse

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, blueprint reading, welding

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

222

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Most boilermakers belong to labor unions. Find out which labor unions are active in your community. Contact one and ask about what the union does and how people become members. Or visit the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers’ Web site at www.boilermakers.org.

Related Jobs Assemblers and fabricators; machinists; industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers; millwrights; pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters; sheet metal workers; tool and die makers; welding, soldering, and brazing workers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Brickmasons, Blockmasons & Stonemasons On the Job

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ME These workers lay sidewalks TH You ma and patios, build fireplaces, ING E X TRA y have h c eard o amp, b and install ornamental exterifB u year, th t have you he oy Scout Cam ors on buildings. Brickmae Intern ard of p and M a c Mason ry Cam tional Mason asonry Camp hurch sons work with firebrick ry Institu p on Sw ? Each week e te an ac linings in furnaces and with mason h summer, ar ’s Island in M sponsors a ry appr chitects a entices , engin ine. For one to desig bricks. Blockmasons work eers, a spend n and nd aw build a way, w with concrete blocks. orkers challen eek working f togethe g r o in b m u g ilding p severa new p r Stonemasons work with and mo lans translate l fields learn roject. This to rtar. from p natural and artificial aper to gether how actual stones. They often build bricks walls on churches, office buildings, and hotels. These workers are outdoors in all types of weather. They must be strong enough to move heavy materials. Many are selfemployed.

Subjects to Study Math, mechanical drawing, shop courses, art, physical education

Discover More You can learn more about brick and stonework training programs by checking out the International Masonry Institute’s Web site at www.imiweb.org. Or call the Institute at 1-800-562-7464.

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers; cement masons, concrete finishers, segmental pavers, and terrazzo workers; plasterers and stucco masons

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

Construction Trades & Related Workers

223

Carpenters On the Job S OM E T H

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Carpenters do all kinds of con-

struction work, including were . Boys e d a ir tr e woodworking, concrete work, family ht by th y was a ad been taug ded tr n e drywall work, and many other p r n a who h ast, ca were h carpenls o to In the p their fathers, d jobs. They replace doors, by kills an t. Some taught them. S on to the nex rs or grandfa e r o f windows, and locks; repair e b e rati fathers e gene from their fath oodworking n o m o r wooden furniture; hang trade king w down f arn the st learn by ta le ll ti s kitchen cabinets; and install . o s s ter ym tice ut toda ming appren b , s r e machinery. They work with hand and th co and be classes power tools and read blueprints. Carpenters form the largest group of building trade workers. Most work in new construction or remodeling. Others are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, mechanical drawing, carpentry, math

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Try a simple carpentry project such as building a doghouse, a shelf, or a flower box. First, get a plan and gather the materials you need. Be sure you know how to use your tools safely before you begin.

Related Jobs Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons; cement masons, concrete finishers, segmental pavers, and terrazzo workers; electricians; pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters; plasterers and stucco masons

Job Outlook Average increase

224

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Carpet, Floor & Tile Installers & Finishers On the Job

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ME Carpet installers put carpet in TH Some p new or old buildings and ING E X TRA eople e n o joy wor thers p houses. Floor layers install k refer tr aveling ing 9 to 5 in with th eir han an offic flooring foundation materials f r om pla ds, e. layers tr ce to p lace, w But avel to and interactin such as rubber and linoleum, o people rking pull ou g with pe ’s h to which act as sound dampers. hard p ld carpets, an omes and to ople. Carpet hy d lay d office b o u stretchin sical work—c Tilesetters use grout to arrying wn new carpe ildings, g and ti r n o d n a ll g. It’s a iling do s y they a apply ceramic tiles to floors wn a n of carpeting re in a a e a n w carp n d meeti and walls. All of these et—bu nd ng new ew place, wo te rking o p e o p le. n a new very installers work regular dayjob, time hours, but some work evenings as well. These workers spend their days kneeling, bending, stretching, and lifting heavy rolls of carpet and other materials.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, physical education, math, art

Discover More Carpet installers must measure rooms precisely. Using a tape measure and a calculator, measure a room in your house. Include nooks, bends, and closets. Take the total width of the room and multiply by the total length to get the square footage.

Related Jobs Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons; carpenters; cement masons, concrete finishers, segmental pavers, and terrazzo workers; drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers; painters and paperhangers; roofers; sheet metal workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Construction Trades & Related Workers

225

Cement Masons, Concrete Finishers, Segmental Pavers & Terrazzo Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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Cement masons and concrete

finishers use a mixture of ad to roads le ing ll A “ n cement, gravel, sand, and d xpressio ad buil d the e took their ro nk were r a e water to build home patios, h r mans t ou eve hest ra Have y he ancient Ro en of the hig . At the heigh huge dams, and miles of m ds ?T Rome” Roman intain the roa from ly d n le O roads. They pour the cons . a ly ad m thserious ild and erent ro pire, to Nor f u if b d to 9 2 crete and smooth the finf the em n into parts allowed man Empire, e tches o v o e e R tr s d e ished surface. Segmental t n s th a e ell of the farth e Middle East, ds were so w to e m pavers lay out flat pieces of Ro roa n d th ore tha t-block ope an ern Eur Those cemen e lasted for m masonry to form paths, a. av of Afric d that they h patios, playgrounds, and cte constru ars. driveways. Terrazzo workers add marble e y 2,000 chips to the surface of concrete to create decorative walls, sidewalks, and panels. These workers spend their days outdoors, bending, stooping, and kneeling. Most wear kneepads and water-repellent boots for protection.

Subjects to Study Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

226

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Shop courses, blueprint reading, mechanical drawing, physical education, math

Discover More Most arts and crafts stores offer decorative concrete molds for making your own stepping stones. These kits require you to mix and pour the concrete, make imprints, and design and place decorative tiles. Ask a parent if they can help you make one for a friend or family member.

Related Jobs Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons; carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers; drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Construction & Building Inspectors On the Job

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ME Construction and building TH In 198 inspectors make sure that the ING E X TRA 9, a m a g C nitudeentral A country’s buildings, roads, 6. more th sia. Thousan 8 earthquake ds of b sewers, dams, and bridges are an 25, hit Arm uild 00 enia in was hit with an 0 people. A y ings collapse safe. They may check electrid, killin ear late people even la g r, rger ea died. W cal or plumbing systems, rthquak San Francisc hy the bridges o differen e, yet o in Cali nly 62 ce? Bu fo Those c elevators, or the beams and ildings, odes a rnia must me r o n e ads s t d a s th ved tho trict bu girders on skyscrapers. ilding c , and usands e inspectors odes. w of lives ho enfo They climb high ladders, . rce the m crawl through underground tunnels, and squeeze into tight spaces to do their jobs.

Subjects to Study Math, geometry, algebra, drafting, shop courses, computer skills

Discover More Inspectors often use photographs in their reports. Practice your photography skills by taking pictures of building details in your neighborhood. Do you see anything that might be unsafe?

Related Jobs Carpenters; plumbers; electricians; architects, except landscape and naval; construction managers; engineers; cost estimators; drafters; engineering technicians; surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians

Education & Training Work experience

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Construction Trades & Related Workers

227

Construction Equipment Operators On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Construction equipment opera-

tors drive and operate the huge ack of n the b w o d g ” machinery used in building ne slidin a-dabba-do! t Flintsto s b e b d g a e r r y construction, road building F “ la all seen crane yelling ider this: The s s We’ve n n u e r and repair, and demolition. ell, co e Mem ntosau his Bro ok like fun? W entified is th the ground— They might operate cranes, id lo e ove Does it scientists hav feet ab ing. Still think 5 7 d r e tractors, scrapers, backhoes, u ry build dinosa , which tower r crane s four-sto first that towe f the u r a u f pavers, cement mixers, a o is t h r ch of the heig ride? Conside cab 275 feet g ly n ti h it g s u tamping machines, or n ro the sit in a ble tha up for outinely ore comforta though we r you’re y hoists. They work outa d rs to lot m ssume, a e operato t least it’s a (w doors in every kind of head !A ground a dinosaur ’s er). f h weather at construction sites, o it on top ctually tried e a t ’ shipping docks, airports, mines, and on the haven nation’s highways. The pay for these jobs can be high, but the work may slow down in bad weather, reducing earnings. The work schedule can be erratic as well, often requiring late night and early morning shifts.

Subjects to Study Electronics, shop courses, science, physical education

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Discover More To learn more about jobs operating these huge machines, check out the Web site of the International Union of Operating Engineers, which offers apprenticeships and training programs: www.iuoe.org.

Related Jobs Job Outlook Average increase

228

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Truck drivers and driver/sales workers, material moving occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Construction Laborers On the Job

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ME Construction laborers do a TH Who b wide range of physically ING E X TRA uilt the g r th eat pyr e phar demanding jobs. They build amids a of pharao ohs, you are skyscrapers and houses, hs fund sadly m Egypt? If you ed the answer istaken was co buil .C ns roads, and mine shafts. They Using o truction labor ding of the p ertainly, the ers yr n remove waste materials and worker ly the technolo who did the amids, but it s cut hu a g ctual b y o f an ge ston into bu help tear down buildings. es from cient times, th uilding. ilding b lo es qu the buil The work can be dangerding sit cks, moved th arries, shape e d e e f s m e the , et, laye and th from th ous when they work at e quarr m even b r upon layer. en raised the ies to m hund y mode It great heights, remove hazrn stan ’s a spectacu reds of d la a r rds. buildin ardous chemicals, or work g feat, underground. Some work at construction only during the warmer months.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, physical education, driver’s education

Discover More Offer your services to your family or neighbors the next time they are planning a construction project. You might help build a porch or deck, pave a driveway, or haul materials to and from the worksite.

Related Jobs Material moving occupations; forest, conservation, and logging workers; grounds maintenance workers

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Construction Trades & Related Workers

229

Drywall Installers, Ceiling Tile Installers & Tapers On the Job EXTRA

In most buildings, the walls and ceilings are made of drywall. teriors f in ll a w y o r Drywall and ceiling tile workhave d his mix s today satile finish. T nstruction e m ers fasten drywall panels to a o h the co odern h a ver eir th t c Most m rywall is suc evolutionized e p building’s framework. Then x ed dr arket e surbecaus nd cardboar day ’s m is a perfect to they fill the joints between in a gypsum d most people ywall. Drywall holds up well r it n d boards and prepare the wall a g, and trade, hed in s. be finis or wallpaperin rative finishe to s for decorating. They may ll wa co g paintin ay ’s de d r o to f d e c n put metal or gypsum lath on walls, a fa aneling under p ceilings, and frameworks for support. These workers spend their days standing, reaching, and bending. They work on ladders and high scaffolding and wear masks so that they don’t breathe in the dust from their work. Many are self-employed.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Shop courses, carpentry, physical education, math

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Visit a hardware store or lumberyard and look at the drywall pieces. Ask the sales workers how the boards are cut and what tools drywall workers use.

Related Jobs Carpenters; carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers; insulation workers; plasterers and stucco masons

Job Outlook Little change

230

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Electricians On the Job

SO

ME Electricians work with the sysTH Benjam tems that provide electricity to ING E X TRA in Fran k u lin ndersta homes and businesses. They nding o contributed a trical c f electr great d ha may install wiring, heating, ic eal to o prove th rges (positive ity, including naming ur and ne at lightn and air-conditioning sysgative) the ele have se ing wa an cs en dra tems, or make repairs to wings o a form of ele d helping to kite in r cartoo a lighte ctricity. Yo ns ning sto While it such systems. They must rm, tryin of Franklin f u may is true ly g th ing a F r a to harn anklin follow government rules himself t he performe ess ele c e d tricity. w ls a e he pr this exp and building codes to obably s not in the c onducti eriment, would have b n ensure their own safety een ele g path, or ctrocute and the safety of the buildings they d. work on. Electricians may work nights and weekends and be on call 24 hours a day. Many are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, electronics, mechanical drawing, science, blueprint reading

Discover More Can you get power from a lemon? Try this experiment using a strip of copper, a strip of zinc, a small flashlight bulb, and a lemon. Insert the metal strips into the lemon, close together but not touching. Now put the end of the light bulb on the zinc and the end of the copper on the threads. The acid in the lemon should make the bulb light up.

Related Jobs Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers; line installers and repairers; electrical and electronics installers and repairers; electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Construction Trades & Related Workers

231

Elevator Installers & Repairers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Elevator installers and repairers

assemble, install, repair, and vendern in ce o m a replace elevators and escalavator is vices sin t the ele sing lifting de owered by a th tors. They repair and update k ht thin ere p een u You mig people have b arly devices w 1800s that older equipment and install e te t tion. Bu century. These n’t until the la machine, new equipment. They also s is a h the 13th animals. It w e its debut. T possible. r d s r o a test the equipment to make people rn elevator m ade skyscrape of the Sears e m d p , o to y sure it works properly. it m e ic th tr the by elec limb stairs to d e r e w c These workers must have a po to ! to work e trying Imagin ry day to go thorough knowledge of electricity and ve Tower e electronics. They may be on call 24 hours a day to help out in an emergency.

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, science courses, electronics, physics

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$$

Learn about apprenticeship programs by visiting the Web site of the International Union of Elevator Constructors at www.iuec.org.

Related Jobs Boilermakers, electricians, electrical and electronics installers and repairers, industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers, sheet metal workers, structural and reinforcing iron and metal workers

Job Outlook Average increase

232

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Glaziers On the Job

SO

ME Glaziers cut, install, and TH You’ve remove all kinds of glass and ING E X TRA probab ly y ou kno heard plastics in doors, windows, o w how it’s ma f or seen stain portion de? Th showers, and baths. They ed glas of glas ese swo s, Most sta ined gla rk in window days, only a s but do often use glass that is precut mall been p s ss toda is actu ainted and mounted in a frame. with sil y is actually c ally “stained been c .” ver oxid le olo e or po ar glass that’ glass w red in its mo They may use cranes to lift ts m lte e e builder know about to n state. The e tal glass that’ large, heavy pieces into s in the s arliest day is f colored Far Eas rom 30 and pu place. Once the glass is t used blic bu 6 B . C ., when it for w ildings. indows mounted, glaziers secure it in hom es with bolts, cement, metal clips, or wood molding. Glaziers work outdoors in all kinds of weather. They sometimes work on ladders and high scaffolding.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, math, blueprint reading, mechanical drawing

Discover More Make your own “stained glass” creation by getting a window-hanger kit from your local craft store. These kits contain metal frames and small, colored beads. You simply fill the frame with beads and then put it in the oven to melt the beads so that they look like glass.

Related Jobs Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons; carpenters; carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers; cement masons, concrete finishers, segmental pavers, and terrazzo workers; painters and paperhangers; automotive body and related repairers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Construction Trades & Related Workers

233

Hazardous Materials Removal Workers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

These workers identify, remove,

package, transport, and dispose comwas a d a le , of materials that are dangerous s e 1970 n researchers ially until th e c h t, e T a p to human beings. They might s th e t? know ans— se pain Did you edient in hou is toxic to hum paint from deal with asbestos, lead, or d gr ld mon in oving that lea le scraping o g leadin s a radioactive materials. They le r p p re ir peo began d been ing the years, a n r h o o is ls F o il . p s wear protective clothing, n childre s and window s and slowly g disabilities e ll in m a n o r w h a including coveralls, gloves, ir le ir the to the n lead st into a u c d g d in le shoe covers, face shields, fil on ad pois ren. kids. Le r IQs in child and respirators. They must follow strict e and low safety guidelines, and the work may require climbing or crawling into tight spaces. They may be called on to work overtime to meet deadlines or handle emergencies.

Subjects to Study Math, chemistry, biology, physical education

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Rapid increase

234

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Do you know what kinds of hazardous materials are present in your community? To find out, check out Environmental Defense’s Scorecard at www.scorecard.org. Just type in your ZIP code and you’ll get a complete list of what pollutants are being released into the environment near you and who is releasing them.

Related Jobs Painters and paperhangers; insulation workers; sheet metal workers; power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers; water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Insulation Workers On the Job

SO

ME Builders put insulation in TH Have y buildings to save energy by ING E X TRA ou eve r h w eard o as once keeping the heat in during f asbes widely to buildin gs acro used for insu s? It’s a mate the winter and the heat out ss Ame rial tha lation in effectiv rica t e. ho during the summer. Insulaexpose Unfortunately . It is fire-resis mes and d , ta it to n a t it. Insu and ve tion workers cement, staple, asbesto lation w lso causes ca ry s ncer in orkers and ma must wear sp wire, tape, or spray insulap w e h o o ple d ecial p sks to p rotectiv eal with revent tion between the inner and e cloth asbesto ing, s conta minatio gloves, outer walls or under the roof of a n. building. They often use a hose or blowing machine to spray a liquid insulation that dries into place. These workers must wear protective suits, masks, and respirators. Many are selfemployed.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, blueprint reading, physical education

Discover More Head to your local hardware store and check out the different kinds of insulation. Ask the sales worker about each kind. Ask your parents what kind of insulation your home has. If you live in an apartment building, ask the building manager.

Related Jobs Carpenters; carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers; drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers; roofers; sheet metal workers

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Construction Trades & Related Workers

235

Painters & Paperhangers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Painters and paperhangers make

walls look clean and attractive rolled a d and e h s u r by applying paint or wallpaper a wide imply b inters s , painters use lls. They a p t to them. They paint outside a to be th walls. Today to jazz up wa or , e iz It used to s le n e walls with special paints that olor o chniqu r, marb single c colors and te g-roll, splatte n also use protect the walls from f a a o ,r yc range painter sponge surface. The a , , il s c y n a te d y t weather damage. Painters might s int onto a fla rders. These limited only b o a b p — r r le e to mix paints to match colors, p p a r p a o p sti or wall f interior dec é u q li p o then brush and roll the ap ind t as a k ation. can ac in g paints onto surfaces. Sometimes they a er im his or h rag-roll, splatter, or sponge on a second coat of paint in a different color. Paperhangers apply sizing and wallpapers and add decorative borders. Many are self-employed and work outdoors or seasonally.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, art, math, physical education

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

Try your painting skills by refinishing an old piece of furniture. First, sand off the old finishing. Then clean the surface completely. Apply two or three even coats of a new color and then coat the surface with a clear finish.

Related Jobs Carpenters; carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers; drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers; painting and coating workers, except construction and maintenance; plasterers and stucco masons

Average increase

236

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters & Steamfitters On the Job

SO

ME Plumbers install and repair TH We ma water, waste disposal, ING E X TRA y think o v f in enience drainage, and gas pipe sys, or ma door plumbin you kn y g as a be we ow tha tems in homes and other just tak mod t cultur e flush to it for gra ern cone s as fa ilets att buildings. They also install nte r back ached The Ind as 260 d. But did to u a s n V 0 e alley C showers, sinks, toilets, and B.C. h house, ivilizati laborate sew pa age sys ad advanc ving the way on had one appliances. Pipelayers, piptem? in es and f the Rom or Egyptian p nearly every efitters, and steamfitters lu an aqu educts. mbing install and repair the pipe systems used in manufacturing, creating electricity, and heating and cooling buildings. These workers may work nights and weekends, or be on call 24 hours a day. They must be strong enough to lift heavy pipes. Many are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, drafting, blueprint reading, physics, physical education, math

Discover More Tour your home or school and look at the pipe work in the bathrooms and kitchen. Are the pipes lead, stainless steel, plastic, or copper? Are the joints taped or welded? Are there other kinds of piping in the building?

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Related Jobs

Earnings

Boilermakers; electricians; elevator installers and repairers; heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers; industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers; millwrights; sheet metal workers; stationary engineers and boiler operators

Job Outlook

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

$$$$

Average increase

Construction Trades & Related Workers

237

Plasterers & Stucco Masons On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Plasterers apply plaster to walls

and ceilings to make them fires or of wall k in th y t h resistant and more soundan ou mig ols? M r, and y wimming po ause it te s proof. They also apply la p word ink of s l coating bec in pool Say the ut do you th o d o insulation to the outside of as a p ,b nly use ceilings rs use plaster commo d it is nonls a ic new or old buildings. They n m to ,a he contrac to the c easy to clean the next time p u d n create smooth or textured ent. So can sta ble and ck out is dura the environm own and che It r. finishes using trowels and te wa on ed d easy ool, div too long. n p a e ic th x combs. Skilled plasterers to in it e a dip don’t look at you tak t s sometimes specialize in complicated u J om. the bott decorative work. Stucco masons apply stucco finishes to exterior walls. Many plasterers and stucco masons are self-employed. Their work is physically demanding.

Subjects to Study Mechanical drawing, shop courses, art, drafting, blueprint reading, physical education, math

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

238

Construction Trades & Related Workers

Discover More Make garden stones for your home or school. Mix plaster of paris and pour it into a flat, round mold. Place marbles, beads, and small shells in patterns in the wet plaster. Allow the plaster to dry and then remove the mold.

Related Jobs Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons; cement masons, concrete finishers, segmental pavers, and terrazzo workers; drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Roofers On the Job

SO

ME Roofers install roofs made of TH In the 1 tar or asphalt and gravel, rubING E X TRA 970s, J a “ mes Ta Up on ber, metal, and other materiylor reth r from th e Roof.” In it , Taylor ecorded a son als. They may install or repair e worrie g calle sang a s of the rooftop d bout es , just re world a the tiles on private home c a laxing. slipper n p d in g s it ti In reali ng on y, s roofs, or repair old roofs on the ty, daydre cary places. They ’re rooftops can aming, be stee and ro n who ar other buildings. Some also o t a goo p, ofing is e carele d place n s o s t for or afra a good waterproof concrete walls id of he job for ights. those and floors. These workers do physically demanding work outdoors, including lifting, climbing, and stooping. They risk injury from slips, falls, and burns. The roofing industry has the highest accident rate of all construction work.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, mechanical drawing, physical education, math

Discover More Make a survey of roofing materials in your neighborhood. How many houses and buildings have asphaltshingled roofs? Are there any buildings in your area with metal roofs or wooden shingles? How many are missing shingles?

Related Jobs Carpenters; carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers; cement masons, concrete finishers, segmental pavers, and terrazzo workers; drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers; plasterers and stucco masons; sheet metal workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Construction Trades & Related Workers

239

Sheet Metal Workers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Sheet metal workers use large

sheets of metal to make ductkers in on wor ti la u s n in work for air-conditioning and sulatio t many ow tha sbestos—an in ow that n k y heating systems. They also d kn d to a y alrea did you ? In a surt u B You ma s were expose . s make roofs, rain gutters, sky0 uman es, too the 197 es cancer in h high exposur 1 percent of lights, outdoor signs, and 3 s d u n that ca tal workers ha 0s, more tha yard, and 8 e ip other products. They install 9 tion, sh sheet m in the late 1 onstruc estos-related n c e k in and maintain these products ta s r y ve rke asb etal wo wed signs of m t e e as well. They usually work o sh work sh refinery in shops or at the job site. They must s. disease be strong enough to lift heavy, bulky items. They wear safety glasses to protect their eyes, and they cannot wear jewelry or loosefitting clothing around the machinery they use.

Subjects to Study Algebra, geometry, mechanical drawing, shop courses, physical education

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

240

Construction Trades & Related Workers

To learn more about this job, write to the International Training Institute for the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Industry, 601 N. Fairfax St., Suite 240, Alexandria, VA 22314; or you can visit their Web site at www.sheetmetal-iti.org.

Related Jobs Assemblers and fabricators; machinists; machine setters, operators, and tenders—metal and plastics; tool and die makers; glaziers; heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Structural & Reinforcing Iron & Metal Workers On the Job

SO

ME These workers build the steel TH It took frames used to strengthen ING E X TRA 8,000 to a ns of ste nd a 2 bridges, high-rise buildings, 5 e bridge. 0-ton crane to l, 93,167 hig highways, and other struch-s All that build a crew o 5,000- trength bolts, f 14 iro and just 15 p foot dr tures. They install metal eople. nworke awthe brid That’s rs and g e th right. A at conn one cra stairways, window frames, South P ected th n or e cities e operator bu almost tland, Maine. decorative ironwork, and ilt o f Po 1, In only two mo rtland and experie 000 feet of g other metal products. ir nced ir nths th e onwork ders—which thing! just go y laid ers can Some erect metal storage es to sh accom o plish a tanks and other pre-made lmost a w, nybuildings. Structural and reinforcing metalworkers work outdoors in extremely high places, on scaffolding and beams. They must be strong enough to lift heavy pieces of metal.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, mechanical drawing, blueprint reading, physical education

Discover More You can learn more about the physics of bridge building by making your own bridge. Stack four books in two piles that are the same height, four inches apart. Now use an index card as a bridge between the stacks. How many pennies can you put on the card before the “bridge” collapses? Now move the books closer and arch your bridge. Will it hold more pennies?

Related Jobs Assemblers and fabricators; boilermakers; engineers; cement masons, concrete finishers, segmental pavers, and terrazzo workers; welding, soldering, and brazing workers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Construction Trades & Related Workers

241

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

Computer, Automated Teller & Office Machine Repairers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Computer repairers install and

fix computers and equipment ration e Decla th g in n it used with computers. Office for wr also a famous know he was opy is n machine repairers work on o s id you e first c s Jeffer Thoma ndence, but d n invented th riter wrote a copiers, typewriters, cash regw so pe of Inde In fact, Jeffer orked. As the chine, a secisters, and mailing equipw a ? y r invento Here’s how it nected to a m e another cop n . d y e o ment. Some repairers work displa ine ma machin t with a pen c e is on e mach n in th e h c m to a on both computers and u c d m te y do connec his early cop ille, Virginia. n e p d T v office equipment. Autoon nt. ttes ocume Charlo of the d n’s home in mated teller repairers install and fix rso at Jeffe ATMs at banks and credit unions. These repairers work in many industries, and some are on call 24 hours a day to make emergency repairs.

Subjects to Study Math, computer science, physics, shop courses, electronics

Discover More Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

244

Do you know how to hook up a computer? Ask the teacher in your school’s computer lab to show you how to connect a computer’s cables to the printer or scanner. Ask whether the school uses a power-surge protector to prevent electrical overload.

Related Jobs Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators, electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers, electrical and electronics installers and repairers, industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers, radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Electrical & Electronics Installers & Repairers On the Job

SO

ME These workers install and TH Since th repair equipment in factories. ING E X TRA e first b a te n rritory, About one-third of them armies ds of nomads to thro h started ave be ww work for the federal governa e Ages, w eapons at th n coming up rguing over eir ene with ne arriors ment, many for the Departmies. D w ways used ca horses, uring th ta a ment of Defense. They e Midd powde nd even man pults to launc le ra ure into h enemy stones, dead to an e nd the first g install radar, missile conuns bro camps. nd. Tod ug a Gunmissile trols, and communication s to the y ’s warriors u ht that kind o s ir f e lo wa ta c ading m ompute rg systems on ships, on airrs to gu rfare anure o ets—which is ide nto a c a lot cle craft, on tanks, and in atapult aner th ! an buildings. Other electronic equipment repairers work for telephone companies, at hospitals, and in repair shops.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, science courses, shop courses, electronics

Discover More You can work on electronics projects in a science club or 4-H club. Ask your teacher whether one of these clubs meets at your school.

Education & Training Voc/tech training

Related Jobs Broadcast and sound technicians and radio operators; computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers; electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers; radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers; industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

245

Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers & Repairers On the Job EXTRA

These workers install and repair radios, TV sets, stereos, camon to catch ushn o ti n eras, video games, and other that p ew inve for a n did you know nd color s e d home electronic equipment. a c ke de mple, 896? A until the It can ta ublic. For exa invented in 1 t u They run tests to find prob29? B st ep with th were fir nstrated in 19 in America. s e n lems and adjust and replace o h e p emo n us button s first d as in commo aiting for us to a w n parts. They sometimes use day, w televisio either item w there to ars! n t , u s o 0 complicated equipment to 6 is 19 gy r ye chnolo t not know fo te t a h help them detect problems. Most W h We mig notice? work in repair shops or in service departments at larger stores. They may make home visits to fix equipment. Some are selfemployed.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Math, science courses, shop courses, electronics, physics

Discover More Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$

Visit a home electronics repair shop in your area. Ask the technicians whether you can watch as they make repairs and run tests.

Related Jobs Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators; computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers; electrical and electronics installers and repairers; radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers

Job Outlook Little change

246

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Radio & Telecommunications Equipment Installers & Repairers On the Job

SO

ME These workers install, repair, TH Comm and maintain complex teleING E X TRA unicatio n la s equip st 100 phone and radio equipment. ment h y as chan touch w ears. Before g 1876, Most work either in a phone ith peo if you w ed a lot in th ple acr ter or g e oss tow anted to o to the company’s central office or n, you ir hous g people e t in h ad to w e. Toda in Mon in the field at customers’ rite a le y, g or thro tugh the olia or Zimba you can conn ect with bwe in Interne village. homes or offices. Others stantly t. We h by ave be work on equipment for come a phone global cable TV companies, railroads, or airlines. Some work nights and weekends, and they may be on call to handle emergencies.

Subjects to Study Math, science courses, shop courses, electronics, physics

Discover More Take apart an old telephone and look at its insides. Can you follow the wires to their sources? Can you figure out what the different parts do? Now, can you put it back together?

Education & Training Long-term OJT to Voc/tech training

Related Jobs Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators; computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers; electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers; electrical and electronics installers and repairers; line installers and repairers; engineering technicians

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

247

Aircraft & Avionics Equipment Mechanics & Service Technicians On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Aircraft and avionics mechanics

and service technicians inspect d pert a goo ame a th w airplanes for problems. They s ho t those tistics s el? Sta raid to fly, bu along the v a tr make repairs and test equipir fe is a riving are af ty e f How sa f Americans twice about d a S ment to make sure it is worktional k eo centag ten don’t thin to the U.S. Na e killed b to ing properly. Some work on f ly o e g people . Yet accordin mes more lik ident. So c ti l c te several different types of o intersta you are twenty an airplane a d jet to scho e r n , il a te r c th n a planes, whereas others spet u h Co ac iden uto acc ld start taking a n a cialize in just one type. in u you sho maybe Some mechanics even specialize in one ay. each d part of an aircraft, such as the engine or electrical system of a DC-10. Sometimes they work inside, but often they work outdoors.

Subjects to Study Math, physics, chemistry, electronics, computer science, mechanical drawing

Discover More Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

To find out more about aircraft mechanics, write to the Flight Safety Foundation, 601 Madison Street, Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314. Or visit its Web site at www.flightsafety.org.

Related Jobs Electricians, electrical and electronics installers and repairers, elevator installers and repairers

Job Outlook Average increase

248

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Automotive Body & Related Repairers On the Job

SO

ME Automotive body repairers fix TH Did you cars and trucks damaged in ING E X TRA know th p at som lastic? accidents. They straighten e If can use these parts a cars have pa rts mad bent bodies, hammer out re dam heat fro ef ag the dam m a ho t-air we ed, a body re rom aged p dents, and replace parts that pairer art in v lding g soft. Th e u en the can’t be fixed. Their supervirepaire ry hot water to n or simply p its orig r u inal sh ape an can mold the make the pla t sors usually decide which d put it stic softene back o d part parts to fix, which ones to n the c into ar. replace, and how long the job should take. In large shops, some repairers specialize in one type of repair, such as installing glass or repairing doors.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, automotive body repair, science courses, math

Discover More A model car has many of the same body parts as a real car. Buy a model car kit and build and paint the model. Can you customize the car so that it reflects your personality?

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Related Jobs Automotive service technicians and mechanics; diesel service technicians and mechanics; painting and coating workers, except construction and maintenance

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

249

Automotive Service Technicians & Mechanics On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Automotive mechanics and

service technicians repair and of the It’s one . 0 0 5 service cars, trucks, and vans ut you e Indy rd of th racing pros. B e a car at a e h that have gas engines. ly to rac probab r ear for You’ve vents of the y expensive it is ange all fou Mechanics must be quick and e s ch ow d biggest w just h rew mechanic ach race. An o n k accurate when they are diagt o c e might n example, pit- times during in tires 0 0 4 , r 8 n nosing mechanical probIndy. Fo racecar seve ,200. That’s $ eplace an r a 1 $ n to o ts lems. During routine service ts s s s e o c co tir of tires u suppose it t e s h c o work, mechanics inspect, ea oy What d alone. adjust, and replace vehicle parts. They ? engine usually follow a checklist to make sure they examine parts that might cause a future breakdown. Some mechanics are selfemployed. This job is becoming more and more technically demanding as automobiles become more complex.

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, automotive mechanics, electronics, computer skills

Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

Discover More Do you know someone who works on cars? Ask that person whether you can help or just watch while he or she works on a car. You can learn a lot by watching and listening as a mechanic works. You might even be able to help by handing him or her tools.

Related Jobs Automotive body and related repairers, diesel service technicians and mechanics, small engine mechanics

Average increase

250

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

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Diesel Service Technicians & Mechanics On the Job

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ME Diesel mechanics and service TH Diesel technicians repair and mainING E X TRA engine s a e re heav ngines. tain diesel engines in heavy ie engine They ’re also m r and last lo nger th trucks, buses, and other compre ore effic an gas s This m eans th ses its fuel—s ient because equipment such as tractors, o it use at mor a engine diesel e fue s le .L bulldozers, and cranes. They cars ha arge trucks, b l is available ss to do more . ve dies uses, tr to pow el ain er the diesel f spend a lot of time doing uel is m engines these s, and even some or days. B at your preventive maintenance to u local g e efficient, it might b t although as stati on. make sure that the equipe hard er to fin d ment operates safely, to prevent wear and tear, and to reduce expensive breakdowns. Most work in repair shops, but some work outdoors to repair equipment at construction sites.

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, automotive repair, electronics, computer skills

Discover More Do you know the differences between gas engines and diesel engines? You can find out by reading about engines and how they work. Check out some science books from the library and learn about both kinds of engines, or research it at www.howstuffworks.com/ diesel1.htm.

Related Jobs Aircraft and avionics equipment mechanics and service technicians, automotive service technicians and mechanics, heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics, small engine mechanics

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

251

Heavy Vehicle & Mobile Equipment Service Technicians & Mechanics On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

These mechanics and technicians repair the machinery used in construction, logging, and mining. They fix and maintain motor graders, trenchers, backhoes, bulldozers, and cranes. They service and repair diesel engines and other machine parts. They may also repair the lifts used to raise and lower scoops and shovels. These workers are outdoors in all kinds of weather.

logwn at a up o d s k a k it bre ply pac ld hinery c im a s t m ’ f n fie ca eo ig piec , the workers hat’s where a eb a n e Wh mine shop. T rkers drive sp e or a repair e th se wo the ging sit to in. The site to make g it in s in e r b m o d c k two r an ic o r n o w a the ech eek w m to e a s k r ic c v o tru nics ser bf uipped t be on the jo Many mecha q e y ll cia e igh site. tside th They m e next repair. ey ’re off to th of working ou th nce before epende d in e enjoy th p. hydraulic sho repair

Subjects to Study Math, automobile mechanics, physics, chemistry, shop courses

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT to Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

Visit a construction site and watch how the equipment moves and works. Talk to a construction worker about what happens when a machine breaks down.

Related Jobs Aircraft and avionics equipment mechanics and service technicians, automotive service technicians and mechanics, diesel service technicians and mechanics, industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers, small engine mechanics

Little change

252

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Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Small Engine Mechanics On the Job

SO

ME Small engine mechanics do TH If you ta routine engine checkups and ING E X TRA ke a jo b to in a re bring y repair everything from chains mecha our own pots taurant, you w nics ofte saws to yachts. The mechanic and pa ouldn’t n n expect their w ork. Mo must provide s, would you first talks with the owner to ? But st begin their ow the bas ning m ics, suc n hand try to understand the probec h tools fo power drills. A as wrenches, hanics start o r ut with s they g pliers, tools. E lem. Then he or she runs screwd ain exp xperien rivers, erience ce dollars tests to find the source of and , th investe d mechanics d in too might h ey collect mo the problem. In some re ls. ave tho usands o f areas, mechanics may work much more during the summer than they do in the winter because use of motorcycles, boats, and lawnmowers is more frequent. Many of these workers are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Math, small-engine repair, shop courses, science courses, electronics

Discover More Ask your parents or neighbor whether you can help them prepare the lawnmower for spring use or winter storage. As you work, ask about the various parts of the motor.

Related Jobs Automotive service technicians and mechanics, diesel service technicians and mechanics, heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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253

Coin, Vending & Amusement Machine Servicers & Repairers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

These servicers and repairers

check coin-operated machines ices, res, off to s . s e in m — that offer entertainment, soft ate ho ywhere re ever mes even priv candy, a s e drinks, snacks, sandwiches, in ti some coffee, g mach o e id Vendin ts, malls, and potato chips, v t and other items for sale. They s an ks, the late pens restaur oft drin ou can play p s a y h u retrieve money, stock the t b a Y h n You ca es, and toys. ite CD. But w doesn’t give r h d o machines, and make sure the sandwic hear your fav r quarters an need a u u r o o y o y e ts machines are clean and n a m e e om ga wh achine r toe fr That’s m u ? t o a y e n r n g r e o tu d f working properly. Amusee wh an in re bandag s to try ything you an And maybe a chine six time ment machine servicers a r. repaire u kicked the m and repairers work on yo where back. y e n arcade games, slot machines and jukeboxes. o your m These workers travel from place to place to make repairs. They may be outside in all kinds of weather.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, electronics, machine repair, math

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Little change

254

Discover More The next time you see someone servicing a vending machine, stop and talk with him or her. Ask about the best and worst parts of the job. How much time does the repairer spend on the road?

Related Jobs Electrical and electronics installers and repairers; electronic home-entertainment equipment installers and repairers; heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers; home appliance repairers

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Heating, Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Mechanics & Installers On the Job

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ME These mechanics help keep TH People people comfortable by ING E X TRA workin g o in this n the e installing and repairing heatjob can n have a air-con vironment. C FCs ar ditionin ing systems and air condie coola strong impac g and CFCs a t nts use re re dan tioners. They also help d in old gerous frigeration sys phere. e r te if Es m they es protect food and medicine cape in s. Particles o protects caped CFCs f to ea p radiatio lants, anima t away at the the atmosthat must be kept refrigerls, and ozone n. Noth la people in layer is ated. These workers mainfrom to yer that comple g on Earth w o il te muc l a s r ly e caref urvive if tain, diagnose, and correct ul to pr destroyed. R the ozo h espons otect th ne ib e envir problems within entire onmen le technician s t f rom CF heating or cooling systems. They may Cs. work for large companies or be self-employed. They also must conform to strict guidelines to help protect the environment.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, math, electronics, mechanical drawing, physics, chemistry, blueprint reading, physical education

Discover More Visit your local supermarket and ask to talk with someone who works in the frozen-food or dairy section. Ask how repairs are made to the cooling systems.

Related Jobs Boilermakers; home appliance repairers; electricians; sheet metal workers; pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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255

Home Appliance Repairers On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

These workers repair ovens,

washers, dryers, refrigerators, keep ries to tu n e c lr and other home appliances. used fo as deve d been refrigerator w es Harria h s They may also repair power e x icebo d Jam actical Though ld, the first pr urnalist name stralia to tools such as saws and drills. jo Au co things stralian ld enough in missioned by u A n First, they find the problem, a o m y c was co on system. oped b use it wasn’t n o is r r ti a a a c then they replace or repair H Ausrefriger son. Be nd store ice, century it sign a th a e 9 t d s 1 e faulty parts. At the same to v d to r ha 856 ack to fin ery in 1 lers headed b e first fridge w e r b time, they tighten, clean, a ve f th me-tra door o Thus, ti ld open the and adjust other parts if ou tralia w r. needed. They must keep good records, ee full of b prepare bills, and collect payments.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, electronics, math, science courses

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

Call a repair shop in your area and ask whether you can help in the shop for a day or two. Watch how the repairer works and help out by bringing tools, waiting on customers, or cleaning the shop.

Related Jobs Electrical and electronics installers and repairers; electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers; small engine mechanics; coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers; heating, airconditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers

Little change

256

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Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Industrial Machinery Mechanics & Maintenance Workers On the Job

SO

ME Industrial machinery workers TH Industr install and maintain the ING E X TRA ial mac h in a nd fix li ery me machines in factories or chanics tt downs. le problems must b before plants to keep the work on If a ma they ca e able to spo chine h there, m t use as e schedule. Their work such as chanics must a vibration th major breakfind the at shou a worn includes keeping machines ld repairs s b they m elt or loose b ource of the p n’t be ake at e r they sa and their parts oiled, tuned, a ob ring. Th early sta ve their e more lem, g e e m s , th ployers and cleaned. When repairs down th e more mon ey e road are needed, the repairer must work . quickly so that production is not delayed, which might cause the company to lose money. Sometimes this means making emergency repairs at night or on weekends.

Subjects to Study Mechanical drawing, math, blueprint reading, science courses, physics, electronics, physical education, computer skills

Discover More Contact the office of a factory in your area and ask for a tour. Watch the machinery used in production. Ask your guide what would happen to the production schedule if an important piece of machinery broke down.

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings

Related Jobs

$$$$

Aircraft and avionics equipment mechanics and service technicians; automotive service technicians and mechanics; diesel service technicians and mechanics; elevator installers and repairers; heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers; heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Little change

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

257

Line Installers & Repairers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Line installers and repairers lay

the wires and cables that bring as a cable h g u o r e electricity, phone service, and pass th bles ar on can Fiber-optic ca ds carry ti a m cable TV signals into our r o n t! a uch inf ir? A lo These tiny str a h n to How m a ls . homes. They clear lines of signa f glass s a hum wide a tiny strands o and cable TV these strands tree limbs, check them for , f e re made o phone servic o powerful a than e r o , m S y y it . damage, and make emerelectric inesses an carr nd bus ptical fibers c one time! a s e gency repairs when needed. m ho at of o sations e pair r n e v o n t o a This job can be dangerous because th ec 0 phon 100,00 installers and splicers work underground, high above ground, and with various chemicals and electricity. They work outside in all kinds of weather.

Subjects to Study Math, physical education, shop courses, science courses, electronics

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Contact the human resources department of your local electric company, telephone company, or cable TV company. Ask about the kinds of jobs they have and what kind of training they require.

Related Jobs Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators, electricians, radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers

Job Outlook Little change

258

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General On the Job

SO

ME General maintenance and TH These d repair workers have skills in ING E X TRA ays, jus t th about e ing abo many different crafts. They v worker ut computers eryone needs s. New , includ repair and maintain ing gen to know some bu controll era ed syste ildings someti machines, mechanical equipmes ha l maintenanc ms, req compu te v e u e ir r c in s o k g wo mpu ills. ment, and buildings and tems o ften ca For example, rkers to acqu ternb ire ne termina work on plumbing, electril. Gene e controlled f w air-conditio basic r ning r o a a m n l other s cal, and air-conditioning a centr kill to a maintenance al com sysw d puter orkers d to the and heating systems. They h ir vast reperto ave yet ire. build partitions, make plaster or drywall repairs, and fix or paint roofs, windows, doors, floors, woodwork, and other parts of building structures. They also maintain and repair specialized equipment and machinery found in cafeterias, laundries, hospitals, stores, offices, and factories.

Subjects to Study Mechanical drawing, electricity, woodworking, blueprint reading, science courses, math, computer skills

Discover More Spend a day on the job with your school custodian. You’ll find that they do much more than sweep the halls. They are responsible for making sure all the machinery in your school building works properly as well.

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Related Jobs Carpenters; pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters; electricians; heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers; electrical and electronics installers and repairers Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Job Outlook Average increase

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

259

Millwrights On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Millwrights install, repair,

replace, and take apart the s an rving a e s e r v a te f h machinery and heavy equipa , r years lwrights me mil t work for fou d attend o c ment used in many industries. e b n eople s mus me ours, a o h c g e Many p e. Apprentice b in n Most of them work in either b train ey ca tic appren ,800 on-the-jo ction before th loma or manufacturing or construc5 u ip t at leas s of class instr high school d s old. r r a u a tion. The wide range of 550 ho ts. They need at least 18 ye h e b ig r t facilities and the development of s lw u il m m nt, and le a iv u new technology require millwrights to keep their eq skills up-to-date—from blueprint reading and pouring concrete to diagnosing and solving mechanical problems. They work in a variety of settings from workshops to construction sites.

Subjects to Study Science courses, math, mechanical drawing, computers, shop courses

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

260

To see what kind of topics generally concern people who work as millwrights, go to the National Tooling and Machining Association Web site at www.ntma.org. Click on Resource Center, then Discussion Forum. This is where millwrights can share ideas and ask each other for advice to problems they have on the job.

Related Jobs Industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers; tool and die makers; structural and reinforcing iron and metal workers; assemblers and fabricators; heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics; welding, soldering, and brazing workers.

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Precision Instrument & Equipment Repairers On the Job

SO

ME This job title covers a wide TH A pian range of jobs. Precision instruING E X TRA o tuner ’ s v tools in arious ment and equipment repairers clude p k lie tuner ti inds of scrape ghtens fix watches and clocks, camrs. Usin rs, wire cutte or loos rs, g like the a tunin ens tu g fork, and eras, medical equipment, each o ning fork. Th the “A” string the f th en he o until it and even musical instrusounds r she s a piano e strings in r ets ela this wa y requir tion to that “ the pitch of tuners ments. They use hand A now us e electr es a good ea ” string. Tunin instruments and must have r, thoug onic de g vices to h many match good eye-hand coordination and pitch. pay attention to details. Many are self-employed and work in small workshops. Musical instrument repairers often must travel to fix instruments onsite.

Subjects to Study Shop courses, carpentry, physical education, math

Discover More Ask your band or orchestra teacher whether you can watch the next time he or she tunes the instruments or has a repairer come to work on them. Offer to help maintain the instruments.

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Associate degree

Related Jobs Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers; coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers; dental laboratory technicians; ophthalmic laboratory technicians; industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers; jewelers and precious stone and metal workers; electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations

261

Production Occupations

Assemblers & Fabricators On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

Assemblers and fabricators are

experienced and trained workmanud many t’s te a in ers who put together complio ave elim d a rob botics h bs are beyon in o e r n cated products such as d o n in jo tion a ork is d Automa jobs, but certa n assembly w rboxes. computers, appliances, and g ea isio facturin inside g for such jobs, of prec s t a lo h electronic equipment. Their c A u s s. enough replaced by abilitie each places, le ib x le e r f t work is detailed and must be ly to b hard-to obots are no less like orkers. r e r e s a u s done accurately. They follow a r c w le Be assemb anufacturing n io is c m e directions from engineers and use sevpr er than oth robots eral tools and precise measuring instruments. Some work in clean, well-lit rooms, while others work around grease, oil, and noise. They may have to lift and fit heavy objects.

Subjects to Study Math, science, computer education, shop courses, electronics

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$

Get a kit from an electronics store and assemble a radio or another piece of electronic equipment. Alternatively, building model cars, planes, or rockets helps develop your assembly skills.

Related Jobs Welding, soldering, and brazing workers; machine setters, operators, and tenders—metal and plastics; inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

Job Outlook Little change

264

Production Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Food Processing Occupations On the Job

SO

ME Food processing workers work TH In the 1 in grocery stores and producING E X TRA 800s, a F Swiss n irst, the tion plants. They may work a phorus brain contain turalist conne cted tw s phosp in a small market, in a large is foun o d in fis ing fish h. Ther horus. Second facts. helps d refrigerated room, or on an efore, h , phosevelop is foun ed d in mo the bra assembly line. Their work in. Actu ecided that e st food a guar ats all antee o , f gettin so eating fish y, phosphoru areas must be clean, but g an A s before . But it they are often cold and damp. couldn’ a test isn’t t hurt! Bakers produce cakes, breads, and other baked goods. Deli workers make salads and other side dishes. Butchers and meat, poultry, and fish cutters cut animal meat into small pieces to be sold to customers. These workers have the highest rate of work-related injuries and illnesses of any industry.

Subjects to Study Health, science courses, nutrition, family and consumer sciences, food preparation

Discover More Learn about the different cuts of meat, fish, and poultry. Visit the meat department of a grocery store near you to see the different cuts. Talk to the butcher and ask about the job.

Related Jobs

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$

Chefs, cooks, and food preparation workers

Job Outlook Average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Production Occupations

265

Computer-Control Programmers & Operators On the Job EXTRA

These workers use special computer-controlled machines es eir trad th n y r b a t to cut and shape products rkers le start ou stics wo gram. They k a la p m such as car parts, machine d l, n o a ion etal a ship pr profess rience. a Many m n apprentice h it parts, and compressors. They a king w le expe s through rom and wor valuab worker in w e g follow blueprints from engin f in e g eo , th gain learnin ey but inished title that lets p f n o is m ip neers. While they work they ing little apprenticesh urneymen, a rentice e ls. App ion. jo il th r k s n o must constantly monitor e f n h o e t W ss tradesm e a certain se learn a profe e y m e o c th readouts from the combe to ut hav w they ed way they began, b the ple kno a time-honor n g puter to make sure parts e in h in w re includ ships a nows for certa ncient texts, are being made properly. k ya No one oned in man ti Because of the machinery n are me they use, this can be a dangerous job. Bible.

S OM E T H

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Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, blueprint reading, drafting, physics, mechanical drawing, computer skills, electronics

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Discover More Visit a machining shop in your community and watch the programmers and operators at work. You may even be able to help by watching monitors and carrying parts.

Related Jobs Machinists; tool and die makers; machine setters, operators, and tenders—metal and plastics; welding, soldering, and brazing workers; computer programmers

Job Outlook Declining

266

Production Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Machinists On the Job

SO

ME Machinists make metal parts TH What d using lathes, drill presses, and ING E X TRA oes a c o f mpany or its o milling machines. They often ne d make th -of-a-kind m o when it nee d make specialized parts or achine e part. ? It hire s a special p M metal p art s a ma incers to achinists ma one-of-a-kind items for comchinist ke ever needs. ti n y to m y th So etal bit panies that produce everys—wha ing from hug antique me machinis tever th e ts even tools a ec work m nd mac collecto thing from cars to aking c lient hinery rs. The for op y yesterd computers. Most work in ay ’s to use today ’s te living museu ies of ols. ms and chnolo gies to machine shops and wear re-crea te safety glasses and earplugs. Because of the machinery they use and the coolants and lubricants for the machine, this can be a dangerous job.

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, blueprint reading, drafting, physics, mechanical drawing, computer skills, electronics

Discover More High school shops and vocational schools are some places you can find metalworking machines. Ask the instructor to show you how the machines work.

Related Jobs Tool and die makers; machine setters, operators, and tenders—metal and plastics; computer-control programmers and operators; welding, soldering, and brazing workers

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Production Occupations

267

Machine Setters, Operators & Tenders—Metal & Plastics On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

These workers fall into two

groups: those who set up ters compu ad y b d te h machines for operation, and c orkers tly affe en grea In the past, w ch part to e b those who tend the machines e v bs ha ology. ing ea These jo nces in techn and, measur computers do while they work. They may va y, yh s to and ad h machine b eprints. Toda achine m n work with drilling and boro c lu a e to set e at it met the b etting the siz e coms o th s , e th ing machines, milling and m be rs ensure ork, fro parts. Of cou e will always f the w r e o d h e h planning machines, or lathe T h t c . is u a th m fin own ensure ring the rate on their to u s ls a a e and turning machines. m pe sion don’t o ained profes puters tr They work according to r o f eed thly. some n n goes smoo blueprints and other instructions tio produc to turn out metal and plastic parts for everything from toasters to trucks.

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, blueprint reading, drafting, physics, computer skills, electronics

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Declining

268

Production Occupations

Discover More Take apart an old appliance at home, such as a toaster or alarm clock. Separate the appliance into as many individual pieces as possible. Now look at the variety of shapes and sizes. Each individual part was made by machine setters and tenders.

Related Jobs Machinists; tool and die makers; assemblers and fabricators; computer-control programmers and operators; welding, soldering, and brazing workers; inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Tool & Die Makers On the Job

SO

ME Tool and die makers are highly TH Today ’ skilled workers. Toolmakers ING E X TRA s tool a n d te chnolo die ma create tools that cut, shape, g kers ar progra y. They use c e on th ms to d ompute and form metal and other e cuttin raw an ge r-aided compu d test n ter dra d esign (C dge of materials. Die makers make ew par wing b a comp AD) ts and oar uter-co tools o dies, which are the forms ntrolled d. Then they part or n the s en m to scopes ol. These wor achine that m d the design used to shape metal in to ,m ke ak do their icrometers, g rs also use sp es the actual stamping and forging rinders ecial m jobs. T , mills, icroh sion an machines. Tool and die and fur d atten e work requir naces to es a gr tion to eat dea detail. makers must know about l of pre cimachining operations, mathematics, and blueprint reading. They must follow safety rules and wear protective clothing on the job. They spend a good part of the day standing and must be able to lift heavy items.

Subjects to Study Math, shop courses, blueprint reading, drafting, mechanical drawing

Discover More Using pen and paper, design a new tool to do something useful. Or think up a new use for an old tool. Can you convert an egg slicer to cut bagel chips? Can you think of a better tool for opening jars or cans?

Related Jobs Machinists; computer-control programmers and operators; machine setters, operators, and tenders—metal and plastics; welding, soldering, and brazing workers

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Production Occupations

269

Welding, Soldering & Brazing Workers On the Job EXTRA

These workers use the heat from a torch to permanently join metal parts. Because of its strength, welding is used to build ships, cars, aircraft, and even space shuttles. Welders may use a hand torch or a welding machine. They also use torches to cut and dismantle metal objects. must wear protective gear such as safety shoes and hoods with protective lenses to prevent burns and injuries. Some work outdoors on ladders or scaffolding.

S OM E T H

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guy ink of a th le p o e many p today ’s ry to er, and But many of ld e w ir histo word gles. ace the tr n a Say the hat and gog c r, the rd the wa nd they in a ha re women, a ar II. During t of workers sa hor ld W welder re so s sewives and of Wor e s w d r o a c y u is hese the ship of San Franc d training ho men. T n s a y d r b g a y in ld ip e ir song sh yh nh y bega bs traditionall ad a popular e th t a ” h th jo Riveter. s even s to do overall sie the o mother in R “ ” : s r them elde “lady w d named for Welders n a written

Subjects to Study Shop courses, blueprint reading, mechanical drawing, physics, chemistry

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

To learn more about this occupation, write to the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126-5699; or check out its Web site at www.aws.org.

Related Jobs Machinists; machine setters, operators, and tenders— metal and plastics; computer-control programmers and operators; tool and die makers; sheet metal workers; boilermakers; assemblers and fabricators

Job Outlook Little change

270

Production Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Bookbinders & Bindery Workers On the Job

SO

ME Bookbinders and bindery TH Did you workers use machines to ING E X TRA know th h a undred “bind” the pages of books and s of tho t some rare o library ld usands or magazines in a cover. These of dolla books are w orth starts to museum do rs? So wh wh f machines fold, cut, gather, worker all apart? The en one of the at does a s use s y call in se glue, stitch, sew, trim, and pec pages. a book treasures Then th ial tools and binder. che ey Th dle and wrap pages to form a book. thread. rebind the bo micals to res ese to in o T re k o g, man Bindery work is physically y rare b help prevent by hand, usin s it b o g o o in envir n hard. Workers stand, onmen k libraries no oks from dete eegloves. w requ tally co r io ratire patr ntrolled kneel, lift, and carry heavy ons to rooms and we items. Many work on ar assembly lines. Some work in hand binderies, and a few are self-employed.

Subjects to Study Math, English, art, shop courses

Discover More Bind your own book. First make an “end paper” by folding a sheet of heavy paper over your pages. Sew the pages into the end paper, using a heavy thread and needle. Paste each end paper to a heavy cardboard square. Now paste the squares onto a sheet of wallpaper. Cut the wallpaper to leave one inch of trim. Fold the trim over the cardboard squares and paste them down to make your book.

Related Jobs Prepress technicians and workers; printing machine operators; machine setters, operators, and tenders— metal and plastics Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Declining

Production Occupations

271

Prepress Technicians & Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Prepress technicians and work-

ers prepare materials for printustry ting ind in r p e ing presses. They do nged th ey use has cha ers. Today, th prepare g in typesetting, design page layh s nd p publi prepress work ers esign a k d r o Deskto to f w s o outs, take photographs, and jobs allow t ogram and the computer pr ese programs sic colors tha make printing plates. With a h h c T rb ely high-te for printing. the fou printer precis to in s ls personal computers, cusmateria te color photo puter tells the so that the ra m ly a o p c p p tomers can now show worke a e s Th to to rs use. r of ink s exactly. te lo in o r c p h ers how they want their all oto eac inal ph uch of how m tches the orig printed material to look. Prepress a blend m workers have different titles depending on their jobs. Most work at video monitors, but some work with harmful chemicals.

Subjects to Study English, electronics, computer skills, art, photography

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Learn how to use word processing and graphics programs on a computer. Industry standards include Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect, Adobe PageMaker and Photoshop, and Quark. Design your own greeting card, newsletter, or brochure.

Related Jobs Artists and related workers, graphic designers, desktop publishers, data entry and information processing workers, printing machine operators

Job Outlook Declining

272

Production Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Printing Machine Operators On the Job

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ME Printing machine operators TH Before prepare, run, and maintain the ING E X TRA the Mid d b le ecause printing presses in a pressmanus Ages, few pe group cripts h o of room. They check the paper ad to b ple could rea e copie d. That’ monas workers calle db ter ds s and ink, make sure paper and ex ies to copy bo cribes were e y hand. A p m o e k n p s s lo . ive pro feeders are stocked, and berg m cess. W It was a time yed by ad of scrib e the first prin hen a man n -consuming monitor the presses as they es out am ting pre of able to ss in 14 ed Gutenare running. Computerized the com work. But he 5 6, he also m Gutenb mon m ade bo put a lot presses allow operators to an for erg’s p oks ava th rin the mo ilst impo ting press is e first time in make adjustments at a conside history. rtant in v r e e d to be ntions control panel by simply in hum an histo one of ry. pressing buttons. These workers are on their feet most of the time. The work can be loud and physically demanding.

Subjects to Study Math, English, computer science, chemistry, electronics, physics

Discover More Try printing your own greeting cards with a woodblock printing kit. These kits are available at craft and hobby stores.

Related Jobs Machine setters, operators, and tenders—metal and plastics; bookbinders and bindery workers

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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273

Textile, Apparel & Furnishings Occupations On the Job EXTRA

Textile workers care for and operate the machines that e past, th In ? r is make textile goods. These ild labo try in th term ch pparel indus began e th goods are then used in all d r a uses in the ou hea ning ho a day. in Have y dren worked p s kinds of products, from hil ing in ours ild many c hildren work worked 13 h day, ch o T . y clothing to materials used in a C d . ad an country 5 A .M. nly two meals e U.S. But in t a s y tires. Apparel workers make g their da y received o ns in th ork lon conditio hildren still w hoes. the , h n c cloth, leather, and fur u te s f s c O id ws forb world, many g clothes and la r o b into clothing and other la the makin arts of s, often e g other p a products. They may also repair torn or w r low days fo damaged items, or resew them to fit a customer better. Upholsterers are skilled craft workers who make new furniture or repair old furniture.

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Subjects to Study Family and consumer sciences, sewing, shop courses, woodworking, art, math, computer skills

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook

Discover More Get a pattern for a simple sewing project from an arts and crafts store. Follow the pattern directions to make something you can wear.

Related Jobs Assemblers and fabricators; medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians; food-processing occupations; jewelers and precious stone and metal workers; woodworkers

Declining

274

Production Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Woodworkers On the Job

SO

ME Woodworkers make things TH If you th from wood and work in many ING E X TRA ink woo a dworke gain! W stages of the production rs from ca oodworkers m make only fu process. They use machines rniture, binets a ake a h jewelry u think . Some nd rocking ch ge variety of that cut, shape, assemble, airs to it speciali e guitars ms, fis ze in m and ba and finish wood to make usical in hing decoys a njoes. woode nd O s nf tru th make m lowers and je ers make knic ments such a doors, cabinets, paneling, we s k a shredd chines from w lry boxes. W knacks such a and furniture. Precision oodwo er. In fa s o o d — rk imagin ct, can pro e a wo ers even woodworkers use hand bably m if you can dr oden p eam it, ake it. aper a wood tools to make rare or cusworker tomized items. Most woodworkers handle heavy materials, stand for long periods, and risk exposure to dust and air pollutants. Some operate dangerous equipment.

Subjects to Study Math, computer skills, shop courses, woodworking, blueprint reading

Discover More Ask an adult to help you with a woodworking project, such as building a shelf or a wooden toy. You can get plans and materials for these projects at your local hardware store.

Related Jobs Carpenters, sheet metal workers, structural and reinforcing iron and metal workers, computer-control programmers and operators, machinists, tool and die makers

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Production Occupations

275

Power Plant Operators, Distributors & Dispatchers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Power plant operators control the machinery that generates electricity. They start or stop generators as power requirements change. Power distributors and dispatchers make sure that users receive enough electricity by planning for times when more electricity is needed and emergencies. These workers often work nights, weekends, and holidays.

ow the d to kn e e n r e h st plan dispatc r plant ispatchers mu During a e w o p use d tricity. ould a Why w orecast? Beca eeds for elec ning an air n f r ’s run weathe meet people town is e electricity. in e n r o to ahead e, when every st provide mo power to run u v gh a heat w er, the plant m provide enou tchers must t n s pa conditio zzards, it mu overtime. Dis s downed li b g in uch a During re work ncies s a e t g r a e th m heaters repared for e p also be es. handling n li power

Subjects to Study Math, physics, electronics, computer science, shop courses, English

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$$

Talk to someone at the public relations department of your local electric company. Find out where your electricity is generated. Can your class take a field trip to tour the plant?

Related Jobs Stationary engineers and boiler operators, water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators

Job Outlook Declining

276

Production Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Stationary Engineers & Boiler Operators On the Job

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ME Stationary engineers and boiler TH One of operators operate and mainING E X TRA the larg H est pow oover D tain equipment that provides er plan ts tors, th am on the C olorado in the U.S. is e plant air-conditioning, heat, and provide at the River. W towns in s lo it ventilation to large buildpower Nevada, Arizo w-cost powe h 17 generato serve r to citie na, and ings. This equipment may s 1 during the Gre .3 million pe California—e and ople. T n at Dep gram th supply electricity, steam, or he dam ough ression at crea was b a te s g d p u a ess wh jobs fo other types of power. These o was r the un rt of a federa uilt p l pror employ esident workers may work weeked. Ca at the ti n me (win y ends and holidays. They are exposed k, wink ou )? to heat, dust, dirt, and noise from the equipment. Hazards of the job include burns, electric shock, and injury from moving machinery parts.

Subjects to Study Math, computer science, mechanical drawing, shop courses, chemistry

Discover More Learn how to maintain and care for machines in your home such as the lawnmower and electric tools. Learn what tools to use, how to oil the machines, and how to keep them in good repair.

Related Jobs Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers; water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators; industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers; millwrights

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Production Occupations

277

Water & Liquid Waste Treatment Plant & System Operators On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Water treatment plant operators

make sure that the water you y is nt toda e tm a e drink is safe. Wastewater plant an and water tr pics in onverting oce moves to t s operators remove harmful pole tt c re the ho ess of process t is a h One of on—the proc T th r. lution from wastewater. They wate ater so ati desalin into drinkable ls from the w xpensive read meters and gauges and a e r r e an seawate nd other min ter. It is s such as the a w a p adjust controls. They take , scien the salt n use it for ta one in place . Today cess a y e c r c r a le s a water samples, perform s p c e s o o ec pe water is f using the pr but a n h , s s e s r e f c e o o analyses, and test and pr her sibility East, w the pos t a Middle g adjust chemicals in the in look tists are nia, too. water, such as chlorine. They work both for in Cali indoors and outdoors and may be exposed to dangerous gases. They may work day, evening, or night shifts; weekends; and holidays.

Subjects to Study Math, chemistry, biology, shop courses, health, environmental sciences

Discover More Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook

Call the water company in your community and ask whether your class can participate in a water-testing program. Many companies will send a representative to your school to teach a class on how to test the water at school and in your home for pollutants such as lead and harmful bacteria.

Related Jobs Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers; stationary engineers and boiler operators

Average increase

278

Production Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers & Weighers On the Job

SO

ME These workers examine and TH How do sort products before releasing ING E X TRA es a to y d compa uces is them to consumers. They n w inspecto ell made an y ensure that d safe each to may test by looking, listenrs to te for y it pro st pull, an d drop them. A toy in children? It h ing, feeling, tasting, weighires a toy to ure it to spector s m s e e ig e e ht poke whethe whethe ing, or smelling. Products young r it br , r it m ch produc ildren. Inspec ight be a cho eaks or meas must meet certain quality es an it tors wo k rk in ev ing hazard fo em for have a standards. Inspectors may sale. If ery ind r defect, ustr ap it great c reject a product, send it ost to th has to be rec roduct is late y that r found alled a e comp nd rep any. back to be fixed, or fix the laced a to t problem themselves. Inspectors work in all kinds of industries. Some move from place to place. Others sit on an assembly line all day.

Subjects to Study English, math, shop courses, blueprint reading, computer skills

Discover More Learn how to contact a company if you are not satisfied with a product. Check the packaging of some products in your home for a consumer telephone number or an address. Call them and see what they will do for you.

Related Jobs Construction and building inspectors, occupational health and safety specialists and technicians

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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279

Jewelers & Precious Stone & Metal Workers On the Job EXTRA

These workers use precious metals and stones such as gold the orld is w e th s and diamonds to make neckwels in ond wa mous je rat blue diam ceans and a f t laces, rings, bracelets, and s o the m 51-ca sed o One of mond. This 4 and has cros moners. But other jewelry. Some specialize ia om 0s gs to c Hope D the early 160 g its in in k r b m in one area, such as buying, o to r f s found in and passed it seem ed on k m c la lu b d ts n a e n e designing, cutting, repairing, contine to the b eaths have be s owners hav is due it d f e o 0 m l 2 selling, or appraising jewels. a a m f r n co a ve its More th the years, se headed, and Nat. s r e n This work requires a high n be ow gh . Throu ithsonia s, been the gem d by wild dog ee it at the Sm . degree of skill and attens .C ille been k icide. You can ashington, D tion to detail. Jewelers use su in W mitted Museum y r chemicals, sawing and drilling tools, and to is ural H torches in their work. Some are self-employed.

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Subjects to Study Math, art, mechanical drawing, chemistry, computer skills, blueprint reading

Discover More Education & Training Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$

Take a jewelry-making class at school or your local craft store. Try designing and selling your own jewelry pieces.

Related Jobs Precision instrument and equipment repairers; welding, soldering, and brazing workers; woodworkers; artists and related workers; fashion designers; retail salespersons; sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing

Job Outlook Declining

280

Production Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Medical, Dental & Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians On the Job

SO

ME Medical laboratory technicians TH What d construct artificial limbs, ING E X TRA id peop le tu res? Did do befo braces, and supports based on of Engla you know th re they had p prescriptions from doctors. at or n decay? d (1558–160 when Elizabe celain den3), she th I wa To mak Dental laboratory technis queen lost all e her fa pieces he of ce cians make the products royal c cloth under h appear fulle r front teeth to ou r, E er gold. T rt had ornam lips. Other m lizabeth put dentists use to replace he first ental te embers eth ma “d ivory, o decayed teeth. Using dende from of the r just c entures” were reated living d from th made from b silver or tists’ directions and molds onors! e teeth o of dead ne or of patients’ mouths, they or even make dentures (false teeth), crowns, and bridges. Ophthalmic laboratory technicians make the lenses for eyeglasses or for instruments like telescopes and binoculars.

Subjects to Study Science courses, art, shop courses, drafting, business math

Discover More Visit an optical store at your local mall. Most have ophthalmic labs on site. Ask whether you can watch the technician work on a pair of glasses. Try on some frames while you’re there.

Related Jobs Dentists; opticians, dispensing; precision instrument and equipment repairers

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Little change

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Production Occupations

281

Painting & Coating Workers, Except Construction & Maintenance On the Job EXTRA

Painting and coating machine operators cover everything d— e painte oes a r a t a from cars to candy with th d t what f things s e think o r furniture. Bu in n h paints, plastics, varnishes, a c c icke bably ting ma ring You pro , bikes, and w ll, paper-coa e v chocolates, or special solue cts. Sil ys cars, to achine do? W paper produ and tin onto tions. The most common n m r, o pe coating glossy finish es coat ver, cop il in s h c f a o e . methods of applying paints apply th rs spray a mix nd enrobing m ar, or cheese g A to u s . a n s c , a r and coatings are spraying li c te o p r r ir a ola ap aint a c make m melted choc p to u o s y s and dipping. These workers gla elp with goods might h . y bakery me skills that a must wear respirators over W ky sa e a Mil k a So the m u their noses and mouths to protect themlp yo also he selves from dangerous fumes. Most work in factories, but self-employed car painters may own their own shops.

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Subjects to Study Shop courses, art, chemistry

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT to Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

An auto body repair shop is one place you can watch spray painting in action. Call a shop and ask if you can watch the painters. You will probably have to watch from a distance because of the fumes.

Related Jobs Painters and paperhangers; woodworkers; machine setters, operators, and tenders—metal and plastics

Job Outlook Little change

282

Production Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Photographic Process Workers & Processing Machine Operators On the Job

SO

ME Photographic process workers TH Did you and processors develop film, ING E X TRA ever he h ar the orse ra make picture prints and ter c togethe ing, two hors m photo finis es cros h slides, and enlarge and r that th s the fin ? Sometimes e That’s ish line in why the human eye retouch photographs. They can’t te so clos re’s a c racetra e ll a c w m k h s e ic . r a at the The ca h also restore damaged and questio mera r finish li was first. n ne of m mine th about the finis ecords each faded photographs. Most of ost fin e h probab winner. This le , the photo is ish. If there’s these workers operate a ly hear used to d— “Th ads to anoth er phra determachines to complete their e came se you’ ra doe ve sn’t lie! tasks. They are sometimes exposed to ” chemicals and must wear gloves and aprons for protection. Some work in large labs, while others work in one-hour mini-labs.

Subjects to Study Math, art, computer science, photography

Discover More Does your school have a darkroom? If so, find out who develops the photos for the school newspaper and yearbook. Ask if you can watch them do their work. Better yet, see if you can be become a photographer for the newspaper or yearbook and learn to do it yourself.

Education & Training

Related Jobs

Earnings

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, computer operators, jewelers and precious stone and metal workers, prepress technicians and workers, printing machine operators, science technicians

Short-term OJT to Moderate-term OJT

$$

Job Outlook Declining

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Production Occupations

283

Semiconductor Processors On the Job EXTRA

Semiconductors, also known as microchips, are the tiny brains inside today’s computers. Semiconductor processors are the workers who make these microchips. They work in sterile areas and wear special coveralls called “bunny suits” to keep any dust away from the chips. Operspecial equipment to imprint information on tiny silicon wafers. Technicians maintain the equipment and check the chips for flaws. Semiconductor plants operate around the clock, seven days a week, so shift work is common.

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. It is f silicon rano t u o made San F actually rn part of the ation of t o n is e re Valley e south for its c Silicon en to th came known s, the industry iv g e the nam area that be t twenty year y has as n Valle ay cisco B s. Over the p at now Silico h products th tec hip microc ded, so h many high- t rich making lo p x e s it a go of milthere h ynonymous w people who umber s n e e t th s m e d o h n c a States. be hig ntions— area has the United e v e in th d in e an re fact, th anywhe them. In per capita of ators use s lionaire

Subjects to Study Math, physics, chemistry, computer science, electronics, shop courses

Education & Training Associate degree

Earnings $$$

Discover More To learn more about jobs as a semiconductor processor, write to the Maricopa Advanced Technology Education Center at 2323 West 14th St., Suite 540, Tempe, AZ, 85281, or visit their Web site at http://matec.org/ops/ career.shtml.

Related Jobs Assemblers and fabricators, engineers, science technicians

Job Outlook Declining

284

Production Occupations

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Transportation & Material Moving Occupations

Aircraft Pilots & Flight Engineers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

ity to an abil e b n a c ttribute dant s best a a flight atten welcome t’ o il p eoff, lp us mes a Someti himself. At tak ou folks to he first commer y t is a h e ig k h g b li g e’d lau im a ormin ced, “W be perf sure to give h he announ opilot. He’ll e ” b c stop. T y, so o our new g for us toda we come to a cing hard tw n in n u d e o n h b la s w , l a g cia ep ndin lause of app ery bumpy la a stop. Still, th came round v e to ic a ade xiing t’s vo plane m mes before ta the attendan h us. And it en e ti or thre pplauded. Th ks for flying w landing you a n ic a s Th wh h senger rcom: “ copilot know te in e over th et to let our rg don’t fo ” st. e ing many of the liked b

Aircraft pilots fly airplanes and helicopters, test aircraft, and sometimes fight forest fires. Pilots may work for large airlines, charter services, the government, or private businesses. They must plan flights, check the aircraft and weather conditions, and keep records of each flight. Flight engineers act as a third pilot on large aircraft, monitoring and operatinstruments and systems.

Subjects to Study English, math, computer skills, electronics, geography, physics

Education & Training Voc/tech training to Bachelor’s degree

Earnings $$$$$

Discover More If you are really interested in exploring this career, consider Aviation Career Education (ACE) Camp. This camp is designed for middle and high school students and lasts from one day to one week. For more information visit www.faa.gov/education_research/education/ student_resources/ace_camps/.

Related Jobs Job Outlook

Air traffic controllers

Average increase

286

Transportation & Material Moving Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Air Traffic Controllers On the Job

SO

ME Air traffic controllers are TH Do you responsible for the safe moveING E X TRA like com k puter g eep tra ment of airport traffic both in a c each o k of a lot of s mes in which f those mall, m the air and on the ground. you ha ob ve to o real hu man be jects as a rea ving objects? Using radar and visual obserImagin l-life air ings. Yo ensure e c ur job th vation, they direct landings, is to ke raft, carrying changin ey remain sa e p fe g cond itions th ly apart, and track of them trollers takeoffs, and ground move, stay aw at affec must b are of e able t them. weathe ment of aircraft. They keep to A r and tr affic, a track several ir traffic constress. aircraft, nd stay planes a safe distance apart calm u nder ex monitor during flights and inform treme pilots of current weather conditions. In emergencies they may search for missing aircraft. This can be a very stressful job.

Subjects to Study English, math, computer skills, physics, shop and technology courses, foreign languages, electronics

Discover More Call the U.S. Job Information Center in your area and ask for a copy of the Air Traffic Controller Announcement, which describes this job more fully. You can find the number in your Yellow Pages under U.S. Government, Office of Personnel Management. Or you can check the Web site for the National Air Traffic Controllers Association at www.natca.org.

Related Jobs Aircraft pilots and flight engineers

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Education & Training Long-term OJT

Earnings $$$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

Transportation & Material Moving Occupations

287

Bus Drivers On the Job EXTRA

Bus drivers transport people from place to place following a e s? Som u b l h o it o w time schedule and a specific ch d n the s s be equippe t belt o e e a s r e u a s route. Some drive people long b s l a o te wear at scho any other sta ill protect th e ir Do you u w distances within a state or ow req . And m y seat belts wn states n for all riders sa low do s ts l n il e throughout the country. w n s s lt lt po y. seat be ea. Pro rs say seat be an emergenc id e th e g Others drive only locally. studyin crash. But oth ate the bus in n 23 million a u a c th a v e in School bus drivers drive stur e s o . M kid es to ebate. ay in America d e it tak ly m e ti m e dents to and from school. th a ti ry d ay, it’s ses eve Either w ide school bu These workers deal with heavy traffic r students and many passengers, often in bad weather. Some work nights, weekends, and holidays; others travel overnight away from their homes. Many school bus drivers work part-time.

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Subjects to Study English, communication skills, math, driver’s education, first aid

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT to Moderate-term OJT

Earnings $$$

Take a ride on a city bus and talk to the bus driver about this job. What tests does your state require? Is special training required? Watch what the driver does to communicate with passengers and care for the bus, but don’t distract him or her too much.

Related Jobs Taxi drivers and chauffeurs, truck drivers and driver/sales workers

Job Outlook Average increase

288

Transportation & Material Moving Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Taxi Drivers & Chauffeurs On the Job

SO

ME Taxi drivers and chauffeurs TH Riding drive people in cars, limouING E X TRA in a lim o M usine is any mo sines, and vans. Taxi drivers a fridges dern limos fe ll about trave , flat sc ature d drive people to airports, ling in ree rin sty game s ystems, n televisions, k cabinets, m le. hotels, or restaurants. ChaufiniDVD p not to m comfy lay lea ention feurs pamper their passena ton o ers, and vide hot tub ther interior. o f leg ro Some s s or Ja cuz om and tre mer wh gers by providing extras like ich can zis. And then tch limos eve n th seat six wheels newspapers, drinks, music, . With teen—m ere’s the stre provide f e tc a a in h Hum tu k g worth in res like and television. These getting these th g it a party o n out of the car ere’s probab workers must lift heavy ly noth for. luggage and packages, drive in all kinds of weather and traffic, and sometimes put up with rude customers. Most taxi drivers and chauffeurs work nights and weekends.

Subjects to Study English, math, physical education, driver’s education

Discover More Take a taxi ride and talk to the driver. Ask about the best and worst parts of the job. Has he or she ever driven anyone famous?

Related Jobs Bus drivers, truck drivers and driver/sales workers

Education & Training Short-term OJT

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Above-average increase

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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289

Truck Drivers & Driver/ Sales Workers On the Job S OM E T H

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EXTRA

Truck drivers move and deliver

goods between factories, termial days r sever d o f t s la nals, warehouses, stores, and t n ood, a s migh ing run nly for gas, f two drivk c u homes. They maintain their tr s, stop o istance th ng run r e lo b h Long-d eeks. Drivers c a u trucks, check for fuel and oil, w eps in . On s or even nd unloading One driver sle . Sometimes make sure their brakes and a s r. e hauls. loading work togethe the other driv g n lo t n h o e lights work, and make ers mig the truck whil team drivers lenty of time s p a to t e k in g r minor repairs. They also t o il y e bu sw t, but th ther ’s driving)! couple lo d a ie r e r a load and unload the goods m hom ch o ren’t at lain about ea They a p they transport. They drive in heavy m (or co to talk traffic and bad weather. Some self-employed truckers may spend 240 days a year on the road.

Subjects to Study Math, driver’s education, physical education, accounting

Discover More Education & Training Short-term OJT to Moderate-term OJT

Earnings

Call a truck driver training school in your area. Ask whether you can visit the school and see the rigs they drive. Maybe an instructor will take you for a ride.

Related Jobs Bus drivers, taxi drivers and chauffeurs

$$$

Job Outlook Average increase

290

Transportation & Material Moving Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Rail Transportation Occupations On the Job

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ME This job includes railroad TH In the la workers as well as subway and ING E X TRA te 1800 to s, when travel, streetcar operators. Railroad the rail railroa wealthy peop r d cars. engineers operate locomotives le som oad was the etimes These c best wa rich, ex bou ars y pe that transport passengers and such as nsive materia were usually ght their own d ls s e . u c n S o ome ev ken ba r cargo. Conductors are organs thtubs, en had ated with .W barber lu xury ite folks sim hen they wa responsible for the cargo ’s chair ms nted to ply had s, and tr e pipe a le th vel, the d in sty and passengers on trains. eir cars se wea hitche and wa le. Most emp lt Brakemen remove cars and iters to loyed th d to a train a hy serve th nd trav eir own em on throw switches to allow the trip maids, chefs, . trains to change tracks. Railroads operate around the clock, seven days a week. Employees work nights, weekends, and holidays. Some spend several nights a week away from home.

Subjects to Study Math, geography, driver’s education, physical education

Discover More Visit a railroad station or ride a train or subway and watch the different workers. If they have free time, ask them about their jobs. What are the best and worst parts? Do they get to ride for free when they are offduty?

Related Jobs Bus drivers, truck drivers and driver/sales workers, water transportation occupations

Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Job Outlook Declining

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Transportation & Material Moving Occupations

291

Water Transportation Occupations On the Job EXTRA

Workers in water transportation operate all kinds of boats on at the Gre have n o s oceans, the Great Lakes, rivers, on ship ht and then orking ig w d a r tr s a r s h e canals, and other waterways. s f y in o a lot nt mar r 60 da Mercha ically work fo ruises involve ilors are hired Captains or masters are in p sa gc Lakes ty ff. These lon ecurity. Most onths m r te charge of a vessel and the o s in s b w o 30 day r little jo e. During the work at all. S e f f o d n crew. Deck officers or mates work a oyage at a tim n, there is no s simply v e z b e o jo n r f help the captain. Seamen o e e s r r e fo lakes a Most work th ter. e th n e a ? and deck hands do mainteit wh n the w they do being o e why do v nance, steer, and load and unload lo y e the becaus cargo. Pilots guide ships through harbors and narrow waterways. These workers are outdoors in all kinds of weather. Many spend long periods away from home. Working on ships can be exciting, but also dangerous and lonely.

S OM E T H

ING

Subjects to Study Math, physical education, swimming, first aid

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Voc/tech training

Earnings $$$$

Discover More Water transportation workers must be comfortable both on and in the water. Take swimming lessons at your local park or YMCA. Then sign up for a water-safety or firstaid course.

Related Jobs Fishers and fishing vessel operators, job opportunities in the armed forces

Job Outlook Little change

292

Transportation & Material Moving Occupations

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Material Moving Occupations On the Job

SO

ME Material moving equipment TH Crane operators and laborers load ING E X TRA safety is th a ere are big con and unload trucks and ships sites ar so many cran cern today. T ha ou using cranes, bulldozers, and e ous. In nd the countr s operating o t’s because n constr y, and 2004, forklifts. They move conthey ca a crane uction highwa nb co y, struction materials, logs, inspecte killing four p llapsed on a e very danger eo To d safety tr regularly, an ple. That’s wh ledo interstate and coal around factories, d oper y aining. c r a ne ators re warehouses, and construcceive s s are pecial tion sites. They sometimes set up, clean, and repair equipment. Most work outdoors in all kinds of weather. Others work inside warehouses or factories. The machinery may be noisy and dangerous.

Subjects to Study Shop classes, auto mechanics, driver’s education, first aid

Discover More Look for material moving machines in your community. What do they move? Are they used in any work except construction? How do the operators control the machines?

Education & Training Short-term OJT to Work experience

Related Jobs Bus drivers; construction equipment operators; machine setters, operators, and tenders—metal and plastics; rail transportation occupations; truck drivers and driver/sales workers; construction laborers

Earnings $$

Job Outlook Little change

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293

Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces

Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces On the Job S OM E T H

ING

EXTRA

The U.S. armed forces is the

country’s largest employer. e you prepar g in , s in r Maintaining a strong defense itary tra in docto oes mil ed forces tra computer d s b requires many activities, such jo he arm inds of logists, What k st anything. T ors, meteoro ipment repair as running hospitals, repairo vey equ for? Alm urnalists, sur loyers tronics p c m le e e ing helicopters, program, y s jo n r nurses, , pilots, sailo t workers. Ma ause they f ts c s a ming computers, and e speciali anics, and cr onnel b h ry pers d getting the c a e it il m operating nuclear reactors. , m s n er er g form line, honor, a in ir h e Military jobs range from lik cip bout dis know a clerical work to professional positions e. job don to construction work. People in the military must serve for a specified time and can be moved from one base to another. Many work nights, weekends, and holidays, and combat duty is always possible.

Subjects to Study Math, English, business, science courses, shop courses, physical education

Discover More Education & Training Moderate-term OJT to Work experience

Earnings $$$

Job Outlook Little change

296

Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces

Do you think you would enjoy military life? Talk to people who have served in the armed forces. Contact a recruiter to find out about a particular branch of the military. (Remember, though, that a recruiter’s job is to get people to join.) Check the Military Careers Web site at www.militarycareers.com to learn about specific jobs within the military, as well as information about all five branches of the military (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard).

Related Jobs Nearly any civilian job

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

APPENDIX More Job Information on the Web The Internet is a great place to find out more about jobs that interest you. Here are some Web sites that will get you started.

General Career Exploration and Reference Occupational Outlook Handbook Online

Career Voyages

www.bls.gov/oco/

CareerJournal.com

O*NET OnLine

www.careerjournal.com

http://online.onetcenter.org

JobProfiles.org

America’s Career InfoNet

www.jobprofiles.org

www.acinet.org/acinet/

JIST Publishing

Career Guide to Industries

www.jist.com

www.careervoyages.gov

www.bls.gov/oco/cg/

Management and Business and Financial Operations Occupations American Association of Advertising Agencies

American College of Health Care Administrators

www.aaaa.org

www.achca.org

American Board of Funeral Service Education

American Council for Construction Education

www.abfse.org/index.html

www.acce-hq.org

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants

Institute of Certified Professional Managers

www.aicpa.org

http://cob.jmu.edu/icpm

American Management Association

Institute of Internal Auditors

www.amanet.org

www.theiia.org

American Purchasing Society

Institute of Real Estate Management

www.american-purchasing.com

American Society of Farm Managers www.irem.org and Rural Appraisers Insurance Information Institute www.asfmra.org

www.iii.org

Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering

Insurance Institute of America

www.aacei.org

International Claim Association

Association of Higher Education Facilities Officers

www.claim.org

International Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education

www.appa.org

Association of Management Consulting Firms

www.chrie.org

www.amcf.org

Association of University Programs in Health Administration www.aupha.org

www.aicpcu.org

International Facility Management Association www.ifma.org

Community Associations Institute

Mortgage Bankers Association of America

www.caionline.org

www.mbaa.org

Financial Management Association International

National Association of Elementary School Principals

www.fma.org

www.naesp.org

Financial Planning Association

National Association of Secondary School Principals

www.fpanet.org

www.nassp.org

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National Association of State Budget Officers

National Restaurant Association Educational Foundation

www.nasbo.org

www.nraef.org

National Funeral Directors Association

Society for Human Resource Management

www.nfda.org

www.shrm.org

Professional & Related Occupations Aerospace Industries Association www.aia-aerospace.org

Alliance of Cardiovascular Professionals www.acp-online.org

American Association for Laboratory Animal Science www.aalas.org

American Association for Respiratory Care

American Academy of Actuaries

www.aarc.org

www.actuary.org

American Association of Bioanalysts

American Academy of Environmental Engineers

www.aab.org

www.aaee.net

American Academy of Forensic Sciences www.aafs.org

American Academy of Physician Assistants Information Center www.aapa.org

American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy www.aacp.org

American Association of Petroleum Geologists www.aapg.org

American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists

American Anthropological Association

www.aaps.org

www.aaanet.org

www.abanet.org

American Bar Association

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299

American Board of Opticianry www.abo.org

American Institute of Chemical Engineers

American Chemical Society

www.aiche.org

www.acs.org

American Institute of Graphic Arts

American Congress on Surveying and Mapping

www.aiga.org

www.acsm.net

www.aip.org

American Correctional Association

American Library Association

www.aca.org

www.ala.org

American Counseling Association

American Mathematical Society

www.counseling.org

www.ams.org

American Dental Association

American Meteorological Society

www.ada.org

www.ametsoc.org

American Design Drafting Association

American Nuclear Society

www.adda.org

American Dietetic Association

American Occupational Therapy Association

www.eatright.org

www.aota.org

American Geological Institute

American Physical Society

www.agiweb.org

www.aps.org

American Health Information Management Association

American Physical Therapy Association

www.ahima.org

www.apta.org

American Historical Association

American Planning Association

www.historians.org

www.planning.org

American Institute of Architects

American Podiatric Medical Association

www.aia.org

American Institute of Biological Sciences

American Institute of Physics

www.ans.org

www.apma.org

www.aibs.org 300

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American Political Science Association

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

www.apsanet.org

www.asme.org

American Probation and Parole Association

American Society of Radiologic Technologists

www.appa-net.org

www.asrt.org

American Psychological Association

American Society of Safety Engineers

www.apa.org

American Society for Clinical Pathology

www.asse.org

www.ascp.org

www.asanet.org

American Society for Engineering Education

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

www.asee.org

www.asha.org

American Society for Microbiology

American Statistical Association

www.asm.org

www.amstat.org

American Society of Agricultural Engineers

American Therapeutic Recreation Association

www.asae.org

www.atra-tr.org

American Society of Agronomy

American Translators Association

www.agronomy.org

www.atanet.org

American Society of Civil Engineers

American Veterinary Medical Association

www.asce.org

American Sociological Association

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists

www.avma.org

www.ashp.org

www.archaeological.org

American Society of Landscape Architects

Association for Career and Technical Education

www.asla.org

www.acteonline.org

Archaeological Institute of America

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Association for Computing Machinery

Institute for Operations Research and Management Science

www.acm.org

www.informs.org

Association of American Colleges and Universities

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

www.aacu.org

www.ieee.org

Association of American Geographers

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society

www.aag.org

Association of American Medical Colleges

www.computer.org

www.aamc.org

www.iienet.org

Association of Computer Support Specialists

Junior Engineering Technical Society (JETS-Guidance)

www.acss.org

www.jets.org

Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry

Marketing Research Association

www.opted.org

Materials Research Society

Association of Surgical Technologists

www.mrs.org

www.mra-net.org

www.ast.org

Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society

Biomedical Engineering Society

www.tms.org

www.bmes.org

National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences

Council of American Survey Research Organizations www.casro.org

302

Institute of Industrial Engineers

www.naacls.org

Council on Chiropractic Education

National Association for Business Economics

www.cce-usa.org

www.nabe.com

Division of Education, American Dental Hygienists’ Association

National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service

www.adha.org

www.napnes.org

Appendix: More Job Information on the Web

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

National Association for the Education of Young Children

National Center for State Courts

www.naeyc.org

National Clearinghouse for Professions in Special Education

National Association of Broadcasters www.nab.org

National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians www.naemt.org

National Association of Legal Assistants www.nala.org

National Association of Schools of Art and Design

www.ncsconline.org

www.special-ed-careers.org

National Court Reporters Association www.ncraonline.org

National Federation of Paralegal Associations www.paralegals.org

National High School Athletic Coaches Association www.hscoaches.org

http://nasad.arts-accredit.org

National League for Nursing

National Association of Schools of Dance

www.nln.org

http://nasd.arts-accredit.org

National Association of Schools of Music http://nasm.arts-accredit.org

National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration www.naspaa.org

National Association of Schools of Theater http://nast.arts-accredit.org

National Organization for Human Service Education http://nationalhumanservices.org

National Workforce Center for Emerging Technologies www.nwcet.org

Pharmacy Technician Certification Board www.ptcb.org

Professional Photographers of America

National Association of Social Workers

www.ppa.com

www.socialworkers.org

www.prsa.org

Public Relations Society of America

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Society for American Archaeology

Society of Nuclear Medicine

www.saa.org

www.snm.org

Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration

Society of Petroleum Engineers

www.smenet.org

Society for Technical Communication

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Vocational and Adult Education

www.stc.org

www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ovae

Society of American Archivists

U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration

www.archivists.org

Society of Broadcast Engineers www.sbe.org

www.spe.org

www.osha.gov

Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography www.sdms.org

Service Occupations American Association of Medical Assistants

American Gaming Association

www.aama-ntl.org

American Jail Association

American Association for Medical Transcription

www.corrections.com/aja/

www.americangaming.org

www.aamt.org

Association of American Pesticide Control Officials

American Council on Exercise

http://aapco.ceris.purdue.edu

www.acefitness.org

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

American Dental Assistants Association

www.fbi.gov

www.dentalassistant.org

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Humane Society of the United States

National Cosmetology Association

www.hsus.org

National Dog Groomers Association of America

International Association of Firefighters

www.salonprofessionals.org

www.nationaldoggroomers.com

www.iaff.org

National Restaurant Association

International Executive Housekeepers Association

www.restaurant.org

www.ieha.org

Professional Lawn Care Association of America

National Animal Control Association www.plcaa.org www.nacanet.org Tree Care Industry Association National Association for Home Care www.TreeCareIndustry.org www.nahc.org

National Child Care Information Center www.nccic.org

Sales & Related Occupations American Rental Association

International Fabricare Institute

www.ararental.org

www.ifi.org

American Society of Travel Agents

International Foodservice Distributors Association

www.astanet.com

Independent Insurance Agents of America www.iiaa.org

Insurance Vocational Education Student Training (InVEST) www.investprogram.org

www.ifdaonline.org

Manufacturers’ Agents National Association www.manaonline.org

Manufacturers’ Representatives Educational Research Foundation www.mrerf.org

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National Association of Convenience Stores

National Retail Federation

www.nacsonline.com

Retail, Wholesale, and Department Store Union

National Association of Health Underwriters

www.nrf.com

www.rwdsu.info

www.nahu.org

Securities Industry Association

National Association of Realtors

www.sia.com

www.realtor.org

National Automobile Dealers Association www.nada.org

Office & Administrative Support Occupations Air Transport Association of America

Association for Suppliers of Printing, Publishing and Converting Technologies

www.airlines.org

www.npes.org/education/index.html

American Institute of Professional Bookkeepers

Communications Workers of America

www.aipb.org

Association of Computer Operations Management (AFCOM) www.afcom.com

Association of Credit and Collection Professionals www.acainternational.org

Association of Public Safety Communications Officials www.apco911.org

www.cwa-union.org

Council on Library/Media Technicians http://colt.ucr.edu

Educational Institute of the American Hotel and Lodging Association www.ei-ahma.org

Graphic Arts Information Network www.gain.net

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International Association of Administrative Professionals

National Management Association

www.iaap-hq.org

United States Postal Service

Legal Secretaries International

www.usps.com/about/

www.nma1.org

www.legalsecretaries.org

National Academies of Emergency Dispatch www.emergencydispatch.org

Farming, Fishing & Forestry Occupations American Forest & Paper Association

National FFA Organization

www.afandpa.org

New England Small Farm Institute

Forest Resources Association

www.smallfarm.org

www.forestresources.org

Society of American Foresters

Marine Technology Society

www.safnet.org

www.mtsociety.org

U.S. Forest Service

www.ffa.org

www.fs.fed.us

Construction Trades & Related Workers American Society of Home Inspectors

Association of Construction Inspectors

www.ashi.org

www.iami.org/aci/home.cfm

Associated General Contractors of America

Brotherhood of Boilermakers

www.agc.org

Floor Covering Installation Contractors Association

www.boilermakers.org

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International Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental, and Reinforcing Iron Workers

National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors

www.ironworkers.org

www.phccweb.org

International Association of Electrical Inspectors

National Center for Construction Education and Research

www.iaei.org

www.nccer.org

International Masonry Institute

National Concrete Masonry Association

www.imiweb.org

International Union of Elevator Constructors www.iuec.org

National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA)

International Union of Operating Engineers

www.necanet.org

www.iuoe.org

www.glass.org

International Union of Painters and Allied Trades

National Insulation Association

www.iupat.org

National Joint Apprenticeship Training Committee (NJATC)

Laborers’ International Union of North America www.liuna.org

Laborers—AGC Education and Training Fund www.laborerslearn.org

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www.ncma.org

National Glass Association

www.insulation.org

www.njatc.org

National Roofing Contractors Association www.nrca.net

National Association of Home Builders

Operative Plasterers’ and Cement Masons’ International Association of the United States and Canada

www.nahb.org

www.opcmia.org

Appendix: More Job Information on the Web

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Painting and Decorating Contractors United Brotherhood of Carpenters of America and Joiners of America www.pdca.org

www.carpenters.org

Sheet Metal Workers International Association www.smwia.org

Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations ACES International (Fiber Optics, Electronics, and Communications Professionals)

Custom Electronic Design and Installation Association

www.acesinternational.org

International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

Air-Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) www.acca.org

Association of Equipment Management Professionals www.aemp.org

www.cedia.org

www.ibew.org

International Society of Certified Electronics Technicians www.iscet.org

Automotive Service Association

ISA—The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society

www.asashop.org

www.isa.org

Automotive Youth Educational Systems (AYES)

National Automatic Merchandising Association

www.ayes.org

www.vending.org

Computing Technology Industry Association

National Tooling and Machining Association

www.comptia.org

www.ntma.org

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Professional Aviation Maintenance Association

SkillsUSA-VICA www.skillsusa.org

www.pama.org

Production Occupations American Public Power Association www.appanet.org

National Association of Dental Laboratories

American Society for Quality

www.nadl.org

www.asq.org

Precision Machine Products Association

American Textile Manufacturers Institute

www.pmpa.org

www.atmi.org

American Water Works Association

Precision Metalforming Association Educational Foundation

www.awwa.org

www.pmaef.org

American Welding Society

Semiconductor Industry Association

www.aws.org

www.sia-online.org

Graphic Communications Council

Woodworker’s Central

www.teched.vt.edu/gcc

www.woodworking.org

Manufacturing Jewelers and Suppliers of America mjsa.polygon.net

Transportation & Material Moving Occupations A Career Afloat www.marad.dot.gov/acareerafloat

American Public Transportation Association

Air Line Pilots Association

www.apta.com

www.alpa.org

American Trucking Association www.trucking.org

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Association of American Railroads www.aar.org

National School Transportation Association

Federal Aviation Administration

www.schooltrans.com

www.faa.gov

United Motorcoach Association

National Limousine Association

www.uma.org

www.limo.org

Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces Military Career Guide Online www.todaysmilitary.com

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INDEX OF JOB TITLES A Accountants and Auditors, 27 Actors, Producers, and Directors, 94 Actuaries, 40 Administrative Services Managers, 10 Advertising Sales Agents, 168 Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations, and Sales Managers, 11 Agricultural and Food Scientists, 55 Agricultural Workers, 218 Air Traffic Controllers, 287 Aircraft and Avionics Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians, 248 Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers, 286 Animal Care and Service Workers, 158 Announcers, 98 Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate, 28 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval, 49 Archivists, Curators, and Museum Technicians, 78 Armed Forces, 296 Artists and Related Workers, 88 Assemblers and Fabricators, 264 Athletes, Coaches, Umpires, and Related Workers, 95 Athletic Trainers, 123 Atmospheric Scientists, 59 Audiologists, 106 Automotive Body and Related Repairers, 249 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics, 250

B Barbers, Cosmetologists, and Other Personal Appearance Workers, 159 Bill and Account Collectors, 182 Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators, 183

Biological Scientists, 56 Boilermakers, 222 Bookbinders and Bindery Workers, 271 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks, 184 Brickmasons, Blockmasons, and Stonemasons, 223 Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators, 99 Brokerage Clerks, 189 Budget Analysts, 29 Building Cleaning Workers, 155 Bus Drivers, 288

C Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians, 124 Cargo and Freight Agents, 200 Carpenters, 224 Carpet, Floor, and Tile Installers and Finishers, 225 Cashiers, 169 Cement Masons, Concrete Finishers, Segmental Pavers, and Terrazzo Workers, 226 Chefs, Cooks, and Food Preparation Workers, 153 Chemists and Materials Scientists, 60 Child Care Workers, 160 Chiropractors, 107 Claims Adjusters, Appraisers, Examiners, and Investigators, 30 Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians, 125 Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers, 254 Commercial and Industrial Designers, 89 Communications Equipment Operators, 209

Computer and Information Systems Managers, 12 Computer Control Programmers and Operators, 266 Computer Operators, 210 Computer Programmers, 41 Computer Scientists and Database Administrators, 42 Computer Software Engineers, 43 Computer Support Specialists and Systems Administrators, 44 Computer Systems Analysts, 45 Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers, 244 Conservation Scientists and Foresters, 58 Construction and Building Inspectors, 227 Construction Equipment Operators, 228 Construction Laborers, 229 Construction Managers, 13 Correctional Officers, 148 Cost Estimators, 31 Counselors, 70 Counter and Rental Clerks, 170 Couriers and Messengers, 201 Court Reporters, 74 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks, 190 Customer Service Representatives, 191

D Dancers and Choreographers, 96 Data Entry and Information Processing Workers, 211 Demonstrators, Product Promoters, and Models, 171 Dental Assistants, 140 Dental Hygienists, 126 Dentists, 108 Desktop Publishers, 212 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers, 127 Diesel Service Technicians and Mechanics, 251 Dietitians and Nutritionists, 109 Dispatchers, 202

314

Index

Drafters, 53 Drywall Installers, Ceiling Tile Installers, and Tapers, 230

E Economists, 64 Education Administrators, 14 Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, 245 Electricians, 231 Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers, 246 Elevator Installers and Repairers, 232 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics, 128 Engineering and Natural Sciences Managers, 15 Engineering Technicians, 54 Engineers, 52 Environmental Scientists and Hydrologists, 61

F Farmers, Ranchers, and Agricultural Managers, 16 Fashion Designers, 90 File Clerks, 192 Financial Analysts and Personal Financial Advisors, 32 Financial Managers, 17 Fire Fighting Occupations, 149 Fishers and Fishing Vessel Operators, 219 Fitness Workers, 161 Flight Attendants, 162 Floral Designers, 91 Food and Beverage Serving and Related Workers, 154 Food Processing Occupations, 265 Food Service Managers, 18 Forest, Conservation, and Logging Workers, 220 Funeral Directors, 19

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

G

L

Gaming Cage Workers, 185 Gaming Services Occupations, 163 Geoscientists, 62 Glaziers, 233 Graphic Designers, 92 Grounds Maintenance Workers, 156

Landscape Architects, 50 Lawyers, 76 Librarians, 80 Library Assistants, Clerical, 196 Library Technicians, 81 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses, 129 Line Installers and Repairers, 258 Loan Officers, 34 Lodging Managers, 22

H Hazardous Materials Removal Workers, 234 Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers, 255 Heavy Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Service Technicians and Mechanics, 252 Home Appliance Repairers, 256 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks, 193 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping, 194 Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Managers and Specialists, 20

I Industrial Machinery Mechanics and Maintenance Workers, 257 Industrial Production Managers, 21 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers, 279 Instructional Coordinators, 79 Insulation Workers, 235 Insurance Sales Agents, 172 Insurance Underwriters, 33 Interior Designers, 93 Interpreters and Translators, 100 Interviewers, 195

J-K Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers, 280 Job Opportunities in the Armed Forces, 296 Judges, Magistrates, and Other Judicial Workers, 75

M Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders— Metal and Plastic, 268 Machinists, 267 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General, 259 Management Analysts, 35 Market and Survey Researchers, 65 Massage Therapists, 141 Material Moving Occupations, 293 Mathematicians, 46 Medical and Health Services Managers, 23 Medical Assistants, 142 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians, 130 Medical Scientists, 57 Medical Transcriptionists, 143 Medical, Dental, and Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians, 281 Meeting and Convention Planners, 36 Meter Readers, Utilities, 203 Millwrights, 260 Musicians, Singers, and Related Workers, 97

N News Analysts, Reporters, and Correspondents, 101 Nuclear Medicine Technologists, 131 Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides, 144

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Index

315

Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, 261 Prepress Technicians and Workers, 272 Printing Machine Operators, 273 Private Detectives and Investigators, 151 Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists, 71 Procurement Clerks, 187 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks, 205 Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers, 24 Psychologists, 66 Public Relations Specialists, 103 Purchasing Managers, Buyers, and Purchasing Agents, 25

O Occupational Health and Safety Specialists and Technicians, 132 Occupational Therapist Assistants and Aides, 145 Occupational Therapists, 110 Office and Administrative Support Worker Supervisors and Managers, 213 Office Clerks, General, 214 Operations Research Analysts, 47 Opticians, Dispensing, 133 Optometrists, 111 Order Clerks, 197

P-Q Painters and Paperhangers, 236 Painting and Coating Workers, Except Construction and Maintenance, 282 Paralegals and Legal Assistants, 77 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks, 186 Personal and Home Care Aides, 164 Pest Control Workers, 157 Pharmacists, 112 Pharmacy Aides, 146 Pharmacy Technicians, 134 Photographers, 102 Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators, 283 Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides, 147 Physical Therapists, 113 Physician Assistants, 114 Physicians and Surgeons, 115 Physicists and Astronomers, 63 Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters, 237 Plasterers and Stucco Masons, 238 Podiatrists, 116 Police and Detectives, 150 Postal Service Workers, 204 Power Plant Operators, Distributors, and Dispatchers, 276

316

Index

R Radiation Therapists, 117 Radio and Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, 247 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians, 135 Rail Transportation Occupations, 291 Real Estate Brokers and Sales Agents, 173 Receptionists and Information Clerks, 198 Recreation Workers, 165 Recreational Therapists, 118 Registered Nurses, 119 Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks, 199 Respiratory Therapists, 120 Retail Salespersons, 174 Roofers, 239

S Sales Engineers, 175 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, 176 Sales Worker Supervisors, 177 Science Technicians, 69

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, 215 Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents, 178 Security Guards and Gaming Surveillance Officers, 152 Semiconductor Processors, 284 Sheet Metal Workers, 240 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks, 206 Small Engine Mechanics, 253 Social and Human Service Assistants, 72 Social Scientists, Other, 68 Social Workers, 73 Speech-Language Pathologists, 121 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators, 277 Statisticians, 48 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers, 207 Structural and Reinforcing Iron and Metal Workers, 241 Surgical Technologists, 136 Surveyors, Cartographers, Photogrammetrists, and Surveying Technicians, 51

T Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents, 37 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs, 289 Teacher Assistants, 82 Teachers—Adult Literacy and Remedial Education, 83

Teachers—Postsecondary, 84 Teachers—Preschool, Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary, 85 Teachers—Self-Enrichment Education, 86 Teachers—Special Education, 87 Television, Video, and Motion Picture Camera Operators and Editors, 104 Tellers, 188 Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Occupations, 274 Tool and Die Makers, 269 Top Executives, 26 Travel Agents, 179 Truck Drivers and Driver/Sales Workers, 290

U-Z Urban and Regional Planners, 67 Veterinarians, 122 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians, 137 Water and Liquid Waste Treatment Plant and System Operators, 278 Water Transportation Occupations, 292 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping, 208 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Workers, 270 Woodworkers, 275 Writers and Editors, 105

Young Person’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, © JIST Works

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