Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition, Volume 6: 1886-1890 9780253372062, 0253372062

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Writings of Charles S. Peirce

Volume 6

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This volume is dedicated to

JOHN GALLMAN

Amicus librorum

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Conjectural south elevation of Peirce,s Milford~ Pennsylvania, horne in 1888-the year that Charles and Juliette bought the house. The simple farmhouse would be buried within a series of major expansions during the final twenty-six years of Peirce,s life; today it serves as a Park Service facility within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Adapted from a 1983 National Park Service Historic Structure Report by Penelope Hartshorne Batcheler.

Writings of

CHARLES S. PEIRCE A CHRONOLOGICAL EDITION Volume 6 1886-1890 EDITED BY THE PEIRCE EDITION PROJECT

General Editor ANDRE DE TIENNE, Associate Editor CORNELIS DE W AAL, Assistant Editor CATHY L. CLARK, Editorial Associate LUISE H. MORTON, Research Associate NATHAN HOUSER,

Textual Editor ALBERT LEWIS, Associate Editor D. BRONT DAVIS, Technical Editor LEAH CUMMINS, Editorial Associate DIANA D. REYNOLDS, Editorial Assistant

JoNATHAN

R.

ELLER,

Indiana University Press Bloomington and Indianapolis

Preparation of this volume has been supported in part by grants from the Program for Editions of the National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency.

COMMITll:E ON SCHOLARLY EDITIONS

AN APPROVED EDITION MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

© 2000 by Peirce Edition Project All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses;> Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (Revised for volume 6) Peirce, Charles S. (Charles Sanders), 1839-1914. Writings of Charles S. Peirce VoL 6: Peirce Edition Project Includes bibliographies and indexes. Contents: v. 1. 1857-1866.-v. 2. 1867-1871.[etc.]-v. 6. 1886-1890 1. Philosophy. L Peirce Edition Project II. Title B945.P4 1982 191 79-1993 ISBN 0-253-37201-1 (v. 1) ISBN 0-253-37206-2 (v. 6) 1 2 3 4 5 04 03 02 01 00

The Peirce .E dition Project Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Editors Nathan Houser, Director Jonathan Eller, Textual Editor Andre De Tienne, Associate Editor Albert Lewis, Associate Editor Camelis de Waal, Assistant Editor D. Bront Davis, Technical Editor Cathy L. Clark, Editorial Associate Leah Cummins, Editorial Associate Luise H. Morton, Research Associate Diana D. Reynolds, Editorial Assistant

Contributing Editors (Vol. 6) Douglas Anderson Irving Anellis Joseph Dauben Randall Dipert Webb Dordick

lvor Grattan-Guinness Carl Hausman Daniel Merrill Emily Michael Jose Vericat J. Jay Zeman

Advisory Board John D. Barlow Lucia Santaella Joseph L. Brent Arthur W. Burks Vincent Colapietro DonL. Cook Joseph Dauben Gerard Deledalle Randall Dipert UmbertoEco John Gallman Susan Haack Karen Hanson Peter Hare

Robert H. Hirst Christopher Hookway Paul Nagy Klaus Oehler HelmutPape Hilary Putnam Don D. Roberts, Chair Richard Robin Sandra Rosenthal Israel Scheffler Thomas A. Sebeok Thomas L. Short William A. Stanley Paul Weiss

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Contents

Preface Chronology Bibliographical Abbreviations in Editorial Matter Introduction 1.

Boolian Algebra-Elementary Explanations

2. 3. 4.

CORRESPONDENCE COURSE ON THE ART OF REASONING [Circular for Course on the Art of Reasoning] {Follow-up Letter to Circular} A Few Specimens of Exercises in the Art of Rea• sorung

5. 6. 7.

•••

Xlll

. XlX

XXIII XXV

1

10

15 19

21

13.

Directions to Agents [Letter to New Students] [Orientation Letter to Marie Noble] [Letter to Noble on the Nature of Reasoning] [Reasoning Exercises: Number Series, Relational Graphs, and Card Gatnes} Boolian Algebra [Three Lessons] {Two Letters from J. B. Loring on Algebra Lessons] [Reply to Loring] [Additional Exercises in Boolian Algebra}

54 56 58

14. 15.

[Science and Immortality] Logical Machines

61 65

8.

9. 10. 11. 12.

.

1X

33

35 37 41 50

CONTENTS

X

THE PEIRCE-GURNEY DISPUTE OVER

18. 19.

PHANTASMS OF THE LIVING Criticism on Phantasms ofthe Living: An Examination of an Argument of Messrs. Gurney, Myers, and Podmore Remarks on Professor Peirce's Paper (by E. Gurney) Mr. Peirce's Rejoinder Remarks on Mr. Peirce>s Rejoinder (by E. Gurney)

101 142

20. 21.

Number Logic of Number

155 156

A GUESS AT THE RIDDLE [Contents] Chapter I. Trichotomy [Chapter III.] The Triad in Metaphysics Chapter IV The Triad in Psychology Chapter V. The Triad in Physiology Chapter VI. The Triad in Biological Development Chapter VII. The Triad in Physics

166 168 181 182 188 199

16.

17.

22. 23.

24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

36. 37. 38. 39.

[Trichotomic] Pendulum Observations at Fort Conger Reflections on the Logic of Science Note on the Analytical Representation of Space as a Section of a Higher Dimensional Space Ordinal Geometry [Mathematical Monads] Review of Stock's Deductive Logic Report on Gravity at the Smithsonian, Ann Arbor, Madison, and Cornell {Reasoning} On a Geometrical Notation On the Numbers of Forms of Sets

74 82

203

211 216 246

260 263 268 271 275 354 357

360

CONTENTS

40. 41. 42. 43. 44.

45. 46. 47.

The Formal Classification of Relations Dual Relatives Notes on Geometry of Plane Curves without Imaginaries Review of Noel's The Science of Metrology [Logic and Spiritualism] Herbert Spencer's Philosophy Review of Collins's Epitome ofthe Synthetic Philosophy .:'Outsider" Wants More Light

Editorial Symbols Annotations Bibliography of Peirce's References Chronological Catalog, January 1887-April1890 Supplement to W5 Chronological List, 1884-1886 Essay on Editorial Theory and Method Textual Apparatus Headnotes, Textual Notes, Emendations, Rejected Substantives, Alterations, Line-End Hyphenation Line-End Hyphenation in the Edition Text Index

.

XI

363 368 372

377 380

395

401 402

413

417 506 512 531

534 557

672 673

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Preface This is the sixth volume of the chronological edition of the writings of Charles S. Peirce, started in 1975 under the leadership of Max H. Fisch and Edward C. Moore and expected to run to thirty volumes. The edition is selective but comprehensive and includes all writings, on any subject, believed to shed significant light on the development of Peirce~s thought. The selections are edited according to the guidelines of the Modem Language Association:>s Committee on Scholarly Editions, and Volume 6 has been awarded the Committee's seal as an approved edition. During the six years since Volume 5 appeared, the Peirce Edition Project has been reorganized and its production methods revamped to more fully integrate computing technology at all stages of operation and to put a system in place that can better support parallel volume editi11g. The integrity and continuity of the edition has remained a principal concern, but there have been a few changes in policy and practice that should be noted. These changes concern (1) the manuscript base that supports the edition, (2) the expected publication order of forthcoming volumes, and (3) the internal organization and style of the volumes. 1. The Peirce Edition Project will no longer attempt to definitively reorganize all of Peirce's manuscripts and to assign new chronologically-determined manuscript numbers. That effort, which involved only a virtual reorganization as the manuscript originals are not physically located in Indianapolis, was found to be unnecessarily time-consuming because it required the thorough study and reorganization of all Peirce's manuscripts, including many that were not candidates for publication. For the purposes of the chronological edition, a less definitive rearrange~ent of manuscripts is satisfactory, one that integrates every manuscript within a unified chronology of all of Peirce's writings, but which accepts in many cases the manuscript arrangements of the holding archives. The chronological catalogs beginning with this volume will number Peirce:>s writings in their order of composition year by year, after the style of the Burks catalog in Volume 8 of the Collected Papers, and manuscripts will be identified by their Robin numbers (for Harvard:>s Houghton Library collection) or by standard archive identifiers (for other collections). Future volumes will continue to be chronological, with their published texts generally identified by selection number and title

...

XIII

.

XIV

PREFACE

rather than by a newly assigned manuscript number. (See the introduction to the Chronological Catalog, pp. 512-14, for further discussion.) 2. Plans for forthcoming volumes are now being reconsidered and some revisions have already been made. For example, some advance work has been assigned on tl1e manuscripts for Peirce,s 1901-02