World War II in the Philippines: Manila, Bicolandia and the Tagalog Provinces [4] 9715420605

Citation preview

NF

II in the Philtppines

World War

I\,IANILA, BIC OI,AD{DIA AI\D THE TAGALOG PROVINCES PI

PI

c^o^YAx PI

A8n l. oSmevrd

.l..er. sua

Sa^

Mam

c

rsl 8€t c

Jmr

Pr.

ft ldaioao

tCtJ

8tv

6

POLr,lo

$gerrun6r6en

rdtafl^rtc

t

r

LwUf

,o

tS

Uad. 8.r

+ ,(

9rr.tt*tt Ut t^lt l C{,

&rl^I (i Ptr

+t^^rlo.{

I

6 EuAnS

.6lrl^n^ 6

8=

I

lASt s

959.9035 SoSlm

Generoso

I.l{.t

r

tt"

t.

hra^A/aa h"

C*!ua rE.

P Salazar Fernando R. Reyes Leonardo Q. /VuvaJ

0

I

\t I

n -

O

VFP Veterans Federation of the Philippines (Chartered under Republic Act No. 2640)

World Wur II in the Philippines

MANILA, BICOLAI{f)IA AND THE TAGALOG PRO\rTNCES

by Generoso P. Salazar Fernando R. Reves

Leonardo Q. Nuval

\ZE"ERANS FEDERATION ,TO

"U

PHILIPPINES

)esoqt+j 1995 .UI{IYERSITY CF SA}I CARLIIS L.

,.-", :l,iul"Y

,d

l,,l

Copyright 1996 by the flc l1{t'r'l'1 udql Veterans Federation of the Philippines.

tatl

Reprinted April 1996

'

A1I

rights reserved.

rsBN 97L-542-049-4 (4-vol. set - ISBN 971-542-060-5)

University of the Philippines Press

DEDICATION

% tfie meffory of Wencestno q,'liruons, Sr., pbneer guerrdfa feader of tfie Eico[ and tagabg {hoaincu.

FOREWORD MANILA, BICOLANDIA AND THE TAGALOG PROVINCES is the fourth volume in the book series World War II in the Philippines. This and the third volume, BATANES AND NORTH LUZON, depict in clear and simple terms the Japanese strategy for the capture of Manila, capital of the country

and seat of the Philippine Government. The North Luzon and Bicol landings of the enemy to seize airfrelds for their use preceded two (2) giant prongs, one from the north and the other from the south, to form the pincers that moved against the US$FE defenders. The reaction of a conquered Bicolandia emerged when the Iate Congressman Wenceslao Q. Vinzons and his few men went up in arms in Camarines Norte. This was followed by youngster supportive activities in Rizal Province, particularly in the town of San Juan. After the fall of Bataan to the enemy, the Guerrilla or Resistance Movement vigorously took shape.

This book pays tribute to the USAFFE officers and men who defended southern Luzon, the guerrillas and the civilians who lent support to the Resistance Movement by being involved in non-combat activities like the Home Guards, propagandists and intelligence assets. And lastly, gratefulness is due to the American Liberatlon Forces for their reconquest ofthe areas covered by this book.

Emmanuel V. de President Veterans Federation of the Philippines

Manila October 1995

CONTENTS Page

vIt tx

Foreword

Acknowledgment

Part I Historical Narrative 1.

Introduction

2.

WarBreaksOut!

5

I

....

The Japanese War Machine 4. The Fall of the Philippines 5. The Puppet Philippine Republic . 6. Onward to Manila

11

D.

Part

L7 .

21 27

II

Report of Operations of the South Luzon Force, USAFFE The South Luzon Force, Pictorial Review

US$FE

.

37

65

Part III The Guerrilla Movement The Bicol Guerrillas The Hunters ROTC Guerrillas

83 99

Marking's Fil-American Guerrillas Fil-American Irregular Tloops (FAIT) 34th Guerrilla Division

L73 2L7 2L9

Free Philippines

223 235

Bulacan Military Area USPIF (Anderson) . President Quezon's Own Guerrillas

Allied Intelligence Bureau (Philippine Net)

247

25L 253

Fil-Am Cavite Guerrilla Force US$FE Luzon Guerrilla ArmY Force

Thelfukbalajap...

263 265 269

The Military Intelligence Senrice The Chinese Guerrillas

27t 275

Part W The Military Prisoners Epilogue

Notes

.

Bibliography Index

32L 449

45t 459 463

ILLUSTRATIONS Page

President Manuel L. Quezon taking his oath of office on November 15, 1935 President Quezon with Lieutenant General MacArthur during the Commonwealth Days . . . . Aunit of the new Philippine Army marches on the Luneta during a Commonwealth Day Parade . . . . The US$FE as deployed in December 1941 The frrst enemy troop landings The US Naval Base of Sangley Point burns after enemy bombing Fire in the Port Area, Manila afber enemy aerial attack The typical Japanese sentry Lieutenant General Homma triumphantly enters Malacaflang Palace in January 1942 Quezon's Cabinet in exile, l-r, Vice President Sergio Osmefla, Col. Andres Soriano, Ambassador Miguel Elizalde, MLQ, Major General Basilio Valdez and Auditor General

JaimeHernandez

... ....

Premier Tojo arives in Manila in 1943 Jose P. Laurel, Sr. takes his oath as President of

65

66 66 67 68 69 69 70 7L

72 72 73

Philippine legal tender during the Japanese

Occupation....... The Leyte landings in October 1944 marking the return of theAllied Forces, mainly the Americans The American landings on Luzon, Lingayen GuIf shores on January 1945 by the Sixth Army and at Nasugbu, Batangas on January 31, 1945 by the EighthArmy

74

75

76

rl

l,cgislltt,ivc lltr i ltl i rrg lrclot't: ittrrl of'M:tnil:r in 1941-r (lniversit.y ot'the Philippines after lltr,rl llnll ,rl't.ltrr llrl ll;rl I lr. o(' Manila in 1945 'l'lui Mrrrrrl;r llol,cl, :rlso after the battie 'l'lr. rl,rv llrr.Arnrrrican civilian internees at the I lrr rvr,r'H it,.y of Santo Tomas campus were l'l r,, l'lr

rrll

r

lr

I r ; r; rr t

I

lrr, ll:rl,l,lc

ltlrt't rtlr,rl W,'1,,,rrlilr, (|. Vinzons ( l,\,rrr rr,,r' S:rlv:t(lor Escudero lIlrr. llrrrrl,crs ROTC military prisoners in

Mrrnlrrrglrtpa . . l',l31111,glrtr [:rnding of the ].lthAirborne

77

78 78

79 95 95 167-9

'l'1r,,

lln,rrrrort

'l'lrn llrrrrt,ors preparing for demobilization at ( lrrnll) Murphy 'l'lrtr ( lunmanding Officers of the Hunters ROTC (

lrrorrillas

'l'lrl kr,.y rirnking officers, l-r: Lt. Col. Tereso Pia, lol. Frisco San Juan and Lt. Col. nurnuel de Ocampo 'l'lrr. l,'rn;rl Organizational Chart of the Marking

170

L70

t7t

1,1,. (

l,lrrr

(irrcrrillas

,'irlrrrl.ion Map of the seizure of Ipo Dam M;rrking and Yay

l;r, l)ttm

Mrrrliirrg andYay pose for a marriage picture 'l'wo of the Marking Guerrillas at the Muntinglupa l'rison Wlrr.n Lt. Col. Straughn was captured . . 'l'lrc Military Prisoners in Muntinglupa 'l'lrc May L6, 1942 anti-Japanese leaflet 'l'hrr prisoners in Muntinglupa . . llMA Commanding Officer Alejo Santos . l,'il-American mopping up operations east of

Laguna Bay. Some of the AIB personnel

t71^

2l]2L2 2L3 2L3 214

2t5 2t8 22t-22 232 233 245

250

26t

Somc Ohinese civilians imprisoned in Muntinglupa Mt. Arayat in Pampanga, first base of the Wha Chi guerrillas. Shown below is their battle flag . . . . 'l'he Wha Chi leaders. Left-to-right: Major Chai Chien Hwa (Political Offrcer), Colonel Huang Chiek (Tloop Leader) and Ong Se Chiong (Chief of Staf0 The guerrillas prior to attachment with the US 11th Airborne Division in L945 . The guerrillas as attached to the 11th Airborne Division on March 3, 1945 The Manila Chinese Community sends off the

guerrillastobattle

316 317

318 318 319

...,....

The Chinese guerrillas assembled at Liliw, Laguna The Chinese Heroes Memorial Hall at the Chinese Cemetery in Manila

.

319 320

320

World War II in the Phtlippines

MANILA, BICOLAI{DIA AD{D THE TAGALOG PROVTNCES

Part I Historical Narrative*

'

Introduction War Breaks Out! The Japanese War Machine The Fall of the Philippines

a

The Puppet Philippine Republic

a

Onward to Manila

Introduction

I

5

1

Introduction The first day of'the Pacific War of World War II, December 7:rnd 8, 1941 on the trvo sides of the International Date Line, {oiled and cancelled the Defense Plan of the Commonwealth of the Philippines as drawn years before by the United States ofAmerica, the Mother Country. This war plan was codenamed IiAINBOW V, which superseded WAR PLAI{ ORANGE TI{REE. The RAINBOW plan provided that should the Philippines be attacked, USAFFE supply lines, the sea lanes, should be l.d o -- "'[j ao c Ix o;'i > o hntr

-v!^-.iH

Q

fr : -.: = a zt--O rn'.i c$zrE'- i q'h; o P ".5 ({ i a ji l-lIo.X

B

o.r

6; ,-63 59EiI qrr-'c '= O

Z--XoH

-r lrr

t. O

Ef,

l.i r () t H; 0)EI

.: jj H LU :- cnfu o N::!' )i = -1.Y ^ \UV H r-l -LU-!_J 0) d+

^.-i'i t-.]ltra> f,Hla) :LV^UY

#>.:

EItsE E3 rE

E;*

HE;:p;EI+ifr:

i

EHH

i

a^

u; E : : < 3 ;; E lE' 6: P hF dE*3:'gc E: :

S: HEEi;

aE Q tsrn do.rEi.^s (!'d;... EE J.=i($ F v 3 tr cg X( Fti'.a9

E

sgg

sX#9 E-+;E

;E!fE{EE3g3H *(r.--ou^d!v.)'-

i-tf

;I tlt

i

tD q)-

x

Ll

41 \

trNra oLo

- Et >34

s{ \-JJolo

o

I

l^,-J

BORNEO

-4

V

The initial USAFFE deployment

in 7947.

$

67

68 / rueNr,e, BICoLANDIA AND THE TAGALoG PRovINCES

r

a-"-'-a'a

CHIN

I rTl rtl rio llE . sr 1O

l.\\

ot

1l\t o d FoRxosA

t I

,

at

.*l$

sTA0eo

FRfr I P€SCADOtr5

l>< lr

,, ,*

BATAX

ADVA

I.

N

CE

JAPANESE LAN DIN GS

o GUIX

c-20 Drcrhb.r l94l

l,

:

Eor@l@ r lLSa

$, LUZOX

o lilNooRo

hc

('e

L

"Y FANAY

xEon

q

i

.#.^,,, s sTl0El FROT

AHAO

&t*

iruru

c!t

loRxEo

,'

4n

.v su

o

\ The

initial

,

Japanese landings

in the Philippines

lLi-

l't