Workbook for Merrill's Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures (Incomplete) [12 ed.] 9780323292290

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Answers to Exercises Ritht l::itct:ll dcl:"'llt.'i"li\c ('( lhc X·r.'l) lub.: 20. ln1~c 1\ 21. lntag"'ition. and (2) in the n1:&rlll('r in \lo:hich the IR wa:i; po$itioned wll'~"

28. Pbco: 1hcn' in :i p11ncturc·rroor cont:iincr. 29. u. 1-\

chr ~utomati~Uy :M.lju)t' 10 11'tc ~i1c (1( 1hc IR. (Autorna1h: l'Ollim..-itor~ do not allow the field S.ltc I() be l;'lrgct ttl:lln Ille IR.)

S9. Tn1-c

60. Tru-c 61. 1:al$C'. Shuncring Only ihcs the dispb~·cd i1na1;c 1bc ;1ppc;w.,1.ncc Qf prop:r wllim:uion :ind~ n(JI pru· l 4. d

S. \\'ed;c 6. 7. S.

9.

14. Cont:ll.'.t

15.

b

10. b 71. :1

78.

R:~iogr.tpbcrs 1nu).t use cx1rcmc ~u1ion when l'lU"lun1ir1g ntid rcnlO\in3 rolllpc"n{O:lling fihC'('( 011 lhc ~-ollinl.i.~or wllik 1bc J.·r.l} cube i) O\Ct lbc p:uicn1.

E•erclH 2

b b !I

ln5plr:uion (inhala11on) alld c:>.pirattn (l"" ""L11i(>n) ln,1,ir:11ion Stow, dtt-p bf'-c:uhing 1\nlct'(lpc)~tcrior

F T T F

s. ,,

7. T

8. ,, 9. T 10. F Exerclae 3 J• :'I 2. b

J. cl 4. b

s. "

6. b

'"

89. "

s. b

90. 22-in,

S•lf-T••t: P~llm ln.ory St•P• In R.adlography

6.a 7.:. S. d 9.b 10. d

I. 2. ;\. 4.

6. T

79. 1\ u1on1:ttic c:>.po~urc con1rol lSQ. A1t1cri~n SOCicty Of R~tIOjlC 1·cchn0k>ii~~ SI. lnr:1sc rc«ptQr &2. C:int proper IS. R:ldiu.. (l~tcr:il) and uln:-(1nedk1J) 16. Disial 17. Proximal IS. Oi1;iaJ 19. Pro).imal 20. d 21. C' 22. :l 23. d

2. H 3. II 4.

u

5. 1-1 6. H 7. R. U

8. II 9. u 10. H 11. R 12. u 13. u 14. 11

IS. H

24. (" 15. b

Ex•rels• 12 I. :1 2. b.c. d.c-. r .l. b. (' 4. b. c. d. c-. r

26. n 27. b. c. f 28. b ?9. HunH:ro11hiar. hun1crorat1i.l1. and ''""Jlulohun1cr.1I 30. Coronoid foss:::i (:111tcnor s11rfxc}: olc'1"".inon fossa

5.' 6. g

(po$tcritK ..urf:icc)

7. b. (' Exercise 13 I.

m

2. b ). h 4. (

5. q

6. j 7.' s.
n.-p..rti.d nc,;o. ~~ • 3 iKh

I•. R! fVR""'111 o. lR. h.IDd t11pUmcd 4•! J'O'•

(j

laercl-

7: Posftlonlnt1 for lM llltow

4Y1•r -... ""for -KC) pxiocn&fpM"I "'""'" .,.,,, fl""innllM) k iattC'rc-nt dlJn lbcM Pf'O\ldtd n..\ ~"' ~w rtfk.n P""1Kwi1ns rra:undtn 10 http ,..,., ~..., ~

~tik )

mci..t •

• llUIDC'f o( rold1u~ and ulna parnlkl ..-11h IR; 111.'lflj 3\1 .. of t1111b al11Md "'itb IR lol'lg a.'\i.s • Pc-rptndic-ubr: cntc-1" clbo• jo1n1

••nd

-

UtC'r.d • .\ 1nthcs t7.6cml pt'O\itul and 1.h'ul Iii) l.bt clhowt • ~.111itd l l ~ of abk. aff«W'd •pr« limb • 'UIM" pbnc and r6tlag Oii Lilok; C'l"""" tk\t"J ~ de'~"' mcdi.:d 'Gtf:.tt °" IR. h#IJ ¥inJ •11\t 1n 1:Mrr.:kl po\illOn l l u1ncr..1 rpk'OC'IJ~k·~ and 'l) l.I rot;;ill°" pos11lo.1 j UWllC') C7.6cm) PN\IOl.U .ind J1~1 ..110 ll:;c C'IOOw JOint and I il'K'h (2.Scm) on t~ • Stated~ (nclof Wik. :.t.ffKtc'J upptt limb in ,,,an:< r1-c MW,! fC'-) lins Oft t.i! ~t;)tcd 10 pix-< lirsr :ind Sv. )0101 ?. To rtc\·C'nt tol.lt!Oft of 1br boot', of tbC' forc::ann 3. A. ~t~-di.-1 cpkrM'ld) k U. l.3tC'~I n p.r\KC-")'. Exe rcise g: PosftJonlng ol the Upper Limb I . Fi~t IOC&:JC';ltJ>OPh:lhnge:al joint 2 . AP proj¢-ction J. Prox.in1al interpb.tl.i.ngn pmilic.>n 34. l.iucr:>.lly (c>.tcm:llly) 3?. 1·ruc 13.tcrnl v. i1h the thun1b

~idc

35. T"''O 36, r ..r one c>.1)()-.ur..· 1hc hun1crus i-. p.11':\llcl a1MI in ~"On· &lC1 "'ith tM IR: ror the other c.>.posurt 1llc f0ttam1 is parall4.'I and in contxt \\'ilh lhf' IR. 37. Angled 4.S &:grcl'\ a""'9Y from chc shoulder 38. EpiUbt body-taic.t .1m1 up Wld '""'' fore· at11l Clfl ~ or rc.-.c-11 >lCf()\\ oppo.;:itt .)h()u lId 40.d

'I.

s. •

l I , t'

11. d

2' d

6. b

I:!. d

18 d

l• d

36.d

$ECTK>N 1: OSTEO\.OOY AND AATHAOLOGY OF THE \.OWEA LIMB

Ex•re-IM 1 A. Ph:iL-..1£C" 8. ~tr-1a1.~IJ C. Thr'-il' I). ~1..-di~I c1,11wlfa.n1 E. Lnttm>cdi.-te tvncifonn F. l..:iittQI cunelf,w1n

G.

l 1\ P ollliqu.c ihouklitr ((ir~y mcthJJ I

Ii. Cuboid I. T.llu~

4i APK.lf*b 6 Inf~~ pnl)C'-"bOoC~frftl.'< llWGlodl 1. T~ ~t. Jl"OO\c tFi'1. ftkloJlfK"".d..OO) 8 At'&• )OlfllS(P~ mc'tbcdl ~ Tr.-..-~ bier.Al \JK'Mlldc:t", l...-ttftlr.'C' nk'•hi~ 10. IAllC"r.al '>Q(lllla fOI" bod) 11. "" ihoukkr. Ultotm:al rout~R

JO.•

CHAPTER I: LOWIA UM&

2. AP 'Mukkr. C''-1.:m:.il mca11a.1 fll"•ll(lft

.a PA . ,._.1 c-b,ick

35. ('

:?9. b

~;i,1cuLv

J. c~.. K. DDul i~..J L-

i-•11't

IDIPt of

"'"' ((l(lt Pn)x,im.al IMC"~Jnl JIC"M ri&h• ((1(11

~

d.1111.

!Pl,. of i«ODd di.I-It..

~t. l>i"-11 rl\.U.in" l\g :L"i5 ot rooc aligned with lon8 axis of IR Perpendicular 10 third ~11'P joint AP al..ial Collimate 10 I ir1 juld rc:Ocn~ pl..MlW 5'1rf.k-C' ot foot P"J'"'llCICIC'd \Mio..~ P~•br. cntdS rile'~·•"' m,.i•~

M•'ttft

m.JIK•h l.oitc:QI

• Ccllhn,.tc 10 I itl(h (2 5..-en) on :ill )idc~ cf 1he ,1nkk iall\t 8 inehe.-. (18\:nl) "'"• 10 include httl ;il'ld ~· MC'Utlf"') b.l.\c • TumtJ oa :Jf«U'J •111.k i.111ul .mklt 1$ tt~•t'I$ oa Likr.11 "'rl'X'.:rpc:nd.-:ular, cntc:" 111nl k jo:>i11t n1id>A~1, l'>ct\\C.:fl the' n~l lcoh AP obllq!H" tudial toe.dl!OG fi.-'f inon:i,.c jollAt • ('CIU1n•M 10 I i.dl fl ~C'flllJ Otl .di tj&., ('( lhc .n1 It .and S 1M'bt• C18 tm) "°"I co mtlulk lhC'

Sc,ucd ""''

Of

"urine: w1lh t.m."C tl\lcn-\110:'°' Coll1m.1tt t0 I i~h Cl-~cml t.>n .111 sidt.s of tht Mll:IC' and 8 iocht~ f 13cn•l t.u.11 to• 1nclltlk the httl • !w.1fN Of ~pine •1th lr.r.o« C\t~-ndcd. an\lot W' .....-.omtc po...ruoa •t11k t'oo& '' foratil) htkl • Ut\Cf'""' anJ. C"\~.nft ""'"'' (flt t•'O ~~ C'\pc>'MlfC')

~l.1llffil! in :Jin:\'lonite po•lhon; rooc in..c:nt'd ·""' ~\ \"tt.:.I

Pcrptndttul:w. cn1cn IM'!k~ joinl mid"''J.) bcl\\tI< J \ll'lll COIMl) IC'

D. Lattr.al fenKlr.al ro11d) le I!. l:at,tr.al dbl.1l 1lL1te,.u F. 1\f~'$.fC $.}l()uld l"l:nilioning ttmi.ndcN 10 Mlp your learning the 11)()1'1.)

1.

;\P a:>.~

10 x 12 inch('s (24 x .lOcm) • Sup.i11 nc:x~ f t)t l."Olnfon •

8.

9. 10. 11. 12.

~1SP r ar.illi:I: ~1( 1>

1>crpcndkul3t

• Perpendicular. t'nlt'ts 31 lc\•cl of I.he ASIS a~ to 3 point ~·ifl('llt ~ (9cn1) pol>tcrior. The >Upi1M.: 11(>,ilion pl;)CC$ the .;ic-run1 c!()-.cr I() tltt IR th:ln the prone po:>iuon dot's. A pc(1)C'ndi..·ul:tr L'enlr:\I r:ty \.\'ill C:IU~C Ilic ~uni 10 :lppe.11 (Orc)hortenrojcc:1io11 (h)pttt).t cio1dt-Med 'b)' tk pc.>•trrior n~in., o( LIM' \('nt-br-.il tl\11.ht"• fli\IC \uperlnlf!Cl'~-d.. aoo the ''~.s oot .w1k'rtn1ro!'ral Col~n .t. I . :.

61. ti

22."

41 d

62.a

2~.b

43. ,.

2.&. (' 25 d

.... < •5 J 46
t • 14 x 17 inthc\ (:_\$ x 4'.icn1); >.mlllcr ror \!noil1cr p;iticnt)/I~ :.lnJ.tOmy of intcrC".)t 45.&:gr« upright or recun1bc:n1 po:ueriur OO!tque pc>titil()n; :1n:ltOOl)' or lnzere(I pl:K"cd cl()'>er 10 IR • 11-tSP :.1145 "'-'1.r~c-S fr0tn IR pl~nr • Pcrpcndicu1~r and er31 column should b< .supcrimpoSC'd. but tho)( on the im:.4JC'· arc. out. b. No ,f'odow or the "nn or it._, ..on liS 15.d 20.d ZS.a

Review

5. 5 m1nutcS; 10 3.110"'' Ou;it 10 5enlc :\rid :i.ir 10 ri~ 6. ExtcnJ the ;inns \\'Cli :100,·c 1bc hc;td. 7.

i111hc irnage. 6. 11'1c sbQou!dc:N w·ould h:1\e 10 br rolkd forn•lld with lhc- backs or lh(' hands r('$1ing k>\lo' Qn lbe hips 10 f\"ln()\C the M:apu].IC rrl.lln tbc lung~. The pa1ien1 \l>Ould nttd 10 step lO hi" or her IC'fl 10 pl:itt ~·I SP in 1hc ''1th bOlh $.OOll!dcr$ in cont:"t('I "·ith the \ 'Ctlic:d ~rid t,k\k·c.

CHAPTER 11: LONG BONE MEASUREMENT

Position• I. Supine l . Prot1e .l.

3. 1llC' 1>;11icn1 :1~;1tS to be ro1;1tl-d, b«-:1usc lbc dis· t:tll'"t' from the :-1crnal end~ of the cla\tcle 10 lhc ' 'enC"bral col111nn j( no1 l-qa.1I on bolh Sk1l°' 4. lk-cauk the ra1i.:1u arp..."at' 10 be slightly ro~ltcd into tht RPO p"iti)' 100\ ing 1he kft shoulder po$1erior (1\P) 6. Und.."f 1hc nffCCl\-d l'"t aoo On top or the 1abk: 7. Flex th\lld be radiogr.\1>hC'~ of lhc r.M.liu~ :>.00 vlna d. I to 111 inch.:..!1 (2.5 to J .2c1n) latpuhnonary rc:t-usiei1;.11i0n

12. \\'a tct?Olublc, iodinlted n1cdiurn I). S:di\~lt)' i;,l:lnd poi~ :ire in cloM: pro,.hnit)'.

27. ~fc11or '~hick :1cckk1n (.iun,~t v.-ound

29. c.-rcb\.'iiol:u~'flll projcctioo b. Sub1n'""

6.

\Crtcb~I bod)·

:i.

7.d S. ti

11. tt 12. a

Review I. A . :.las::il stp1un1 Na~1>h:ir) "" C. U\ula D . Epiglouis

n.

1:_ Vocal (Oki!> f. Laryn.(

O. l...31)ngr.d ph:ll")n.'i II. Soft p.'lbtc I. Piriform rcn

E~pbagus

r:. Thyroid ronibsc

H. ~1 ..-~nt).('1t1wfln& co)On I;. A~cnding eolon F. VC'miifo:m 3.pp('ndi~ G. Siginoid To the le\ el Of the 3.ntcnOr superior ili)C SpillCS I l ips :ind fC'inuB $bould ~ "'JlC'rinipowd.

JJ,

3

29. 30. 31.

32.

56. d

5 7. S11ppon the p:11icn1 on :i r.adioluccnl p:.d. 58. Arca from tl)c: tk.:i.utc-~ lO 1ti... tL'C't\lm 59. a. Righi later.ti d«ubilu( b. Uf1 latcroJ dccubi1u.s 60. a. Fig. 17·38 b. Fii. 17.;;7

c. Fig. 17·37 Fi~. 17·>8 ~·. Fig. 17·38

d.

f. Fig. 17·37 6 1. II i.li lov•cr-,cncr.1lly 2 10; inclK"-.li' (S 11.> 7.6c1n) b«au\C of 1lw: Sr.l' i1aliorol eff«1. 62-. a. Upright b. Liquid b:ariu1n c:ui ~ .)('(·n M'llling to lhC' IO\\t:r lc-,·c-t.s of d'ic- «>Ion.

63. 1.g

5. a

2.c

6.b

35. ('

J.. c

36. A. Sigmoid

J.d

1.f 8. h

B. S:K'run1 C. Rectum I). Pubic ')·nl11h~'("j,.

37.

~ I Mhagi11al

S• lf·T• •t: An.etomy and Po• ttlonfn9 of th• Allmenta.ry Canal

39. True

I. d 2.a

11 .b 12.d

3. c

.&I. ;\ . l.eft cotk Oo:).U!c 6. Tr.ln,\"Ct'M!' colon C. Rifhl colic nt'x1:1rc

3$. llbc crt"Sb·

.ao. ThJe

o. lk-.(;el)l,finl; w the k,·.:1 of the :interior 'upc· rior ili:K spinci; .JS. The inf.:rior m:11g.1n of th!: pubic /1.)1nph)'Sis 46. ;\. Dc-)('..-ndini; ~-olon 8 . Sign10«1 C. R«tun1 47, PA ohliqu..-: RAO .J!t 1.~: 4$ 49. Right $0. Right colk SI. A. L..-(1 colic fkXUtC' R. Riglu coli.: llcxutcC. Oc-~c11ding oo!011 D. Asecnding co)On E. Sign1oiJ F. R«tun1

S2. I.AO S:\. l..4:li ~l ie S4. JS 10 45 degttcs SS. 1\. 1..4:0 "'Ii.:: f'kxurc n. 'Jhn.s,o:r'/1.C coloo C. Ri1h1 colic fl.:xur..: O. Oe..ccndinJ L-0100 ~. AscC'ndi!li cok>n F. Sign1oid

•••

21.a

31. d

41. d

32. :t

I;\.. 3

s.r

11. o

12. c I). tn 14. c IS. i

13. 4S tkgr\~~ 14. The \'c-in h:.1$ httn itu«'r$.Sfully rc-r~tr.ltcd by the 1tcc.-dlc. IS. Rcn10,-c the needle ;1nd ;,1ppt~ direct prc;.'-'!oUR; 10 the pu..ccurc sue. 16. (; 17. (;

IS. b 19. :.1. b. int ~ inn

29. c. d 30. A. 1:ronton:tsal (n:asofrontal) D. Nas:il boDC C . Anterior 1l.'m.I spine: o( the

n\~illl\

Exe rel•• 2: Po•ltlonln9 fOf' Zy9omaUc Arehe• I. Trut '2. P.ll.;c (The Z)goni;11i< a1. rctpcndk-ul;.tr 16. a. •\0 de$.~" caud:.ld b. 37 dcg.ri-oe,. tau(lol1la1ic an.'ficS

:i1)1.f odj."lt..o.c:nt ..tru(IU!C~ n1:t)' C:\C:ludc the \ 'Ctl('X.) 10. A. ()t>c-ipital bone R. '.\tandiblr C. Z)'$.01n.ltiC.)

9. a. c

10. 1\ . COnd)lc ft . ;\·l ;L'\tOid J>fUC,'"S C. 1:r.'IC1ur... of the m3.ndiboL'lr r.'lll11.1s (). ll-O1M11bul;ar body. b. P~ilioa the hC'~ .,o trot tM uppcnnos1 &ilk of tl'IC' mandible v.·ill be proj«t1,"tl . :l.bo\C 1he ni:and1bul:;11 bod)' ,.liMer to the IR. S•tf·T• •t: Radl ogrophyot tho Fo-e-lal 8onos

I. a 2. a .l. 3

6.d 7. :1 8.d 9. 3

5. d

10.b

~.d

11.b 12.c 13.d 14. b IS.ti

16.d 17.d 18.3 19. d 20.b

CHAPTER 22: PARAHASAb S INUSES

R• vf•w J. Front:iil. s-phellOtd:"tl. cll'l1~icbl, :'Ind n1:ii,ill:u-y

z.

A.. Sphcnoi and arc \U~rin1po~d O\;,:r the ,sinus.;-'i, 4. O~IL should be plac-cd at a IS-dtgrec angle fronl I.he ~t11r,1I roy 10 dc:n1on~mtc the pc:1rou.). ridt1:' in 1hc lo'"cr third of the ortlit~ artd out or superin1position of the ~nttrior cthmokt ~inu~C'$.

$. 1bc llCln)U) ridge~ )Upl.'filtljJll.>~ the Ooor or tl1c n\:IJI• lll:1rr $.inus.:s.

6. Tho: patient's bi.·3d rnu)I be tilted OOck rurthc'r r.o pl:ice O~IL ::1t ~1 37-d..~{ll'lgl;,: rrotn the IR pl:D: to proj«:t the pctrous ridges hc'IO\\' the m:l.'(ilbfy sinui;c$. 7. Tbc 1n.1o'ilh the IR bt'c;;;lU)(' thC' n«l '-''aS cxtcnckd 100 fat or the \C:rtic:il IR bolder '"b 111t«I 100 f:U- to..,,-;ird 1hc p.11it'n1 (:llSSuming 1he C"t'ntr.a.I roy \\,..as c-orrttd)• dir.:Clt'd).

Exercl•• 2: EwluaUng Radlograph• of th• Parana••I $ 1nu•••

sinusts

C. Pu' ridge O. Sphcnoidal ;i.;inu:K") E. ~f:uillat)' sinus

30.

45, True 46. TNl"

.i. f\ilnM>n.U')'

SECTION 2: RADIOGRAPHY OF THI Q_IACULATORY SYITl!M

§. 1\ f1t:lk\

5. 6. 1. S. 9.

\ '('Ill\

). The ri-.k l.l(C\tr,.l•-.it~n i ~ wJ~X'J. tn()~ hN) r;111' ('~ br ttX'IWd (« ~!«tl\C' ••JC'('t.tOn: !he pxlitftl t.., br p;htl 1111fWJ "' DttdeJ; .-1 the cAlcitt ,.,.. ~ Q(cly k(I 11' thl- bod~ •·tl1k tlk" t.MJ.l()tr.lptl\ att

Anc1 ...•lc' r luns €. ~IM.ldk lobe of f11ng F. Riihl pulM¢or>.V)' ,.ltnk OcJturc

H. A'$C'Cnding :1t1n3

P.·l. St o•n~h

I. Body or ~!cmunl

N . 1,,cft IQbc or Iher

J. Lc(I ~ttrium K. Righi \Clltti