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~ RHODRI JEFFREYS-JONES
We Know All About You shows how bulk
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‘spying came ofage in the nineteenth century, and supplies.an overarching narrative'cdnd “interpretation of what has happened since, covering the agencies, programs, personalities,
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technology, leaks, criticisms, and reform. Modern.
surveillance did not begin in the furtive corridors ° of Whitehall and the Pentagon atvall, but in the American Wild West, among the ruthless union-
busting private detective agencies. From there it. evolved in leaps and bounds through the erasof '» telegraph, telephone, and cable, into the age of
Facebook and Twitter. Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones’ delves
into the roles of credit agencies, private detectives, and phone-hacking journalists as yell as
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like theNSA-and GCHO government agencies
The author demonstrates that several presidents—_ Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lyndon B.. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon—conducted political surveillance, and
how British agencies have been under a'constant — cloud of suspicion for similar reasons. *
This broad history continues with an account of the = 1970s leaks that revealed the. mechanisms by
“which the FBI and CIA kept tabs on anti-Vietnam’ ‘War protestors, and.assesses the reform impulse
~ that then began in America and spread to Britain.
The end of the Cold War further undermined confidence in the need for surveillance; butif =~ returned witha vengeance after 9/11. The book) =~ 3
shows how reformers challenged that new: ~ “expansionism, receiving a fillip from the Wikileaks _and Snowden revelations, and offers an appraisal
- of legislative initiatives onboth sides of theAtlantic.“ . We Know All About You argues that governments _ have a record of abusing surveillance powers
once granted, demoristrating the need for proper:
~ controls, but also examines regulationTe in the’aR private sector.
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WE KNOW
ALL ABOUT YOU
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2022 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation
https ://archive.org/details/weknowallaboutyoOOOOjeff
WERKNOWV SATE ABOUT YOU The Story ofSurveillance in Britain and America
RHODRI JEFFREYS-JONES
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
PRESS
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
PRESS
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6DpP,
United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones 2017
The moral rights of the author have been asserted First edition published in 2017 Impression: 1
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955206 ISBN
978-0-19-874966—o
Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives ple
Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.
CONTENTS
List ofIllustrations Acknowledgements
vii
Introduction A Survey of Surveillance
The Private Eye Invades our Privacy
The Blacklist Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Incipient Surveillance State McCarthyism in America McCarthyism in Britain
109
COINTELPRO and 1960s Surveillance
An Age of Transparency
145
The Intensification of Surveillance Post-9/11
170
Private-Sector Surveillance in the
Twenty-First Century . Snowden 12.
185
201
Policy and Reform in the Obama—Cameron Era
220
Conclusion
243
CONTENTS
Appendix: Defining Surveillance
247
Notes
250
Bibliography
266
Illustration Credits
278
Index
279
vi
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
_.
Private CCTV around Orwell’s address
James McParland Ralph H. L. Van Deman and others Big Brother is listening to you Italian surveillance Arthur! UnAmerican leaker Anti-blacklist demonstration NN lhe A aN
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to acknowledge the help of a number of individuals who helped me prepare this book for publication: Paul Addison, David Anderson, Richard B. Bernstein, Alun Burge, Duncan Campbell, Doug Charles, Bob Cherny, Frank Cogliano, Malcolm Craig, Jane Dawson, Harry Dickinson, Owen Dudley Edwards, Sylvia Ellis, Neil Evans, Frances Goldin, Alex Goodall, Annette Gordon-Reed, Fabian Hilfrich, Louise Jackson, Jay Kleinberg, John
A. Logan, Chris Moran, Kathy Olmsted, David Omand, Lucy Parker, Damien Van Puyvelde, Charles Raab, Rob Singh, David Stafford, Pat Storey, and Reg Whitaker.
These men and women showed exceptional collegiality in advising me on research and in supplying critiques of my work in draft. Many corrections and improvements came from my private readers, and frank advice caused me to delete various ill-conceived passages. The idea for the book arose in conversation with Matthew Cotton at OUP, and he has been a most supportive editor. To all the foregoing, I am deeply grateful. If |have retained my sanity throughout these proceedings, it is thanks to the distractions of matrimony, and for that I am grateful,
as ever, to my wife Mary.
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