Table of contents : 1. Introduction to the Myth -- 2. The Myth About Marx's and Engels' War Policy -- 3. The "Special Russian Position" and the Second International Tradition -- 4. Defeatism in the Russo-Japanese War -- 5. Lenin in 1914: The Four Formulas -- 6. The Rest of the Record: Before 1917 -- 7. Comparison: Other Antiwar Socialists -- 8. The Abandonment of Defeatism in 1917 -- 9. After Lenin: Revival and Reinterpretation -- Appendix: Some Authorities on "Defeatism."