Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services: 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer ... III (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4556) 3540732829, 9783540732822

Table of contents :
Title Page
Foreword
Organization
Table of Contents
Part I Web and Media Accessibility and Usability
Accessibility Guidelines Management Framework
Introduction
Related Work
Guidelines Management Framework
Characteristics of the Framework
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Accessibility Evaluation for Multimedia Content
Introduction
Issues Faced by Screen Reader Users
Fundamental Techniques for Flash Accessibility
Accessibility Issues
Survey Method
Criteria for the Survey
Survey Tool and Detailed Method
Selection of Survey Sites
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Tenuta: Strategies for Providing Guidance on Usability and Accessibility
Introduction
Tenuta Support Action
Training Courses
On Site Support
Context of Use
Expert Evaluation
On-Site Workshop
Follow-Up Activities
Example Case Studies
eParticipate
EuroWorkSafe
Medical Web Site
Conclusions
References
Remote Navigability Testing Using Data Gathering Agents
Introduction
The Usability Lab
State of the Art in Remote Testing
Ergolight
WebMetrics NIST
ANTS
Conclusions
References
Enabling Accessibility and Enhancing Web Experience: Ordering Search Results According to User Needs
Introduction
Method
Procedure
Results
User Defined Elements
Discussion
Algorithms
Algorithm for Short-Sighted Users
Algorithm for Blind Users
Algorithm for Motor Restricted Users
Algorithm for Dyslexic Users
How the System Works
How the System Works for a Specific User
Conclusion
References
An Evaluation of Accessibility of Hierarchical Data Structures in Data Broadcasting -Using Tactile Interface for Visually-Impaired People-
Introduction
Hierarchical Structures and Presentation Methods in Data Broadcasting and the Web
Communication of Menu Screen Structure in Data Broadcasting by the Tactile Navigation
Composition and Moving Function of Tactile Navigator
Tactile Presentation of Menu Screen Composition in Data Broadcasting
Evaluation of Accessibility of Hierarchical Structures
Purpose of Experiments
Evaluation Experiments in Regard to Presentation of Hierarchical Structures
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Web Accessibility Compliance of Government Web Sites in Korea
Introduction
Overview of Korean Web Accessibility Legislations and Standard
Web Accessibility Policies in Korea
Korean Web Contents Accessibility Guidelines
Web Accessibility Compliance of Korean Government Web Sites
Evaluation Methodology
Results
Conclusions
References
Appendix 1: Evaluation Web Sites
Usability Evaluation of Korean e-Government Portal
Introduction
Objectives of the Study
Related Research
Usability Evaluation
Korean e-Government Portal
Usability Evaluation
Evaluation Results
Results of the Usability Tests
Post-Test Interview Results
Conclusion
References
Accessibility Evaluation of Korean e-Government
Introduction
Objectives of the Study
Related Studies
Korean e-Government Portal
Accessibility Evaluation
Guideline 1. Provide a Text Equivalent for Every Non-text Element
Guideline 2. Don’t Rely on Color Alone
Guideline 9. Design for Device-Independence
Guideline 12. Provide Context and Orientation Information
Conclusion
References
The Potential of Web Accessibility in China: A Hypothesis on Its Impact on the Global Web Interface
Introduction
A Survey on Chinese Web Accessibility
Methodology
Results of Bobby Evaluation
Results of Manual Heuristic Evaluation
Results
Language, Dialects and Other Barriers
Challenges and Potentials
Conclusion
References
Restoring Semantics to BML Content for Data Broadcasting Accessibility
Introduction
Background
Research Framework
Present Situation of Accessibility in Data Broadcasting Services
Requirements Analysis
Requirements of User Interface and Basic Concept of Common API
Technical Issues of BML Content
Broadcast Service Requirements
Study on Possible Solutions
Design of Transcoding Method
Template-Engine Mechanism
Consideration of Authoring and Distribution of Template Rules
Description Scheme of Transcoded Content
System Prototyping
Conclusion
References
Making Multimedia Internet Content Accessible and Usable
Introduction
Accessibility Issues of Internet Multimedia Contents
Multimedia Accessible Browser
Overall Architecture
Flash Transcoding Proxy
DOM-Based Interface
User Interface
Implementation
Related Work
Screen Readers and Self-talking Browsers
Web Content Adaptation
Conclusions and Future Work
An Evaluation of Mobile 3D-Based Interaction with Complex Multimedia Environments
A Novel 3D-Based Interaction Model for Human-Environment- Interaction
The Evaluation
Results and Discussion
References
Detection of Layout-Purpose TABLE Tags Based on Machine Learning
Introduction
Proposed Method
Basic Idea
Tag Design Attributes for Classification Rules
System Configuration for the Proposed Method
Evaluation of the Proposed Method
Evaluation Method
Decision Trees Obtained by ID3
Evaluation of Classification Accuracy
Conclusion
References
The Usability of Accessibility Evaluation Tools
Introduction
Method
Participants
Tools Evaluated
Procedure
Results
Results for Site Valet
Results for Wave
Results for Cynthia Says
Results for Bobby 5.2
Results for Deque Ramp
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Accessibility Works: Enhancing Web Accessibility in Firefox
Introduction
Changing Page Elements
Changing Page Geometry
Banner Text and Spoken Text
Dynamically Constructed DOMs
Conclusions
References
Improving Accessibility for Existing Websites Spanning Multiple Domains
Introduction
Improving Accessibility Using JavaScript
Enhancement for Multiple Domains
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Large Scale Web Accessibility Evaluation - A European Perspective
Introduction
Accessibility Benchmarking Across Europe
The EIAO Approach
Presentation of the Collected Evaluation Results
Concluding Remarks
References
The BenToWeb XHTML 1.0 Test Suite for the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 - Last Call Working Draft
Introduction
Testing and Comparing Evaluation and Repair Tools
Other Accessibility Test Suites
Structure of the Test Suite
The Development and Evaluation Process
Current Status of the Test Suite
Size of the Test Suite
Interpretation of WCAG Success Criteria
Comprehensiveness of the Test Suite
Variability in the Test Suite
Ongoing and Future Work
References
DHTML Accessibility Checking Based on Static JavaScript Analysis
Introduction
DHTML Accessibility and Its Formalization
UI Widgets and Accessibility Metadata
Formal Description for Accessible UI Widgets
Checking DHTML Accessibility
Static Program Analyses
Verifying the Accessibility of UI Widgets
Experiments
Related Work
Conclusion
References
A Unified Web Evaluation Methodology Using WCAG
Introduction
The WAB Cluster
UWEM, Aims and Requirements
Target Audience of the UWEM
Automatic, Expert and User Testing
Claiming Conformance
Tests and Structure of Tests for Conformance Evaluation
Aggregation and Reporting of Test Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Improving Accessibility Through the Visual Structure of Web Contents
Introduction
Visual Structure and HTML Source Code Structure
Survey of Information Structure in HTML Source Code
Experiment on Visual Information Structure
Outline of the Experiment
Procedure
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Editing a Test Suite for Accessibility of Interactive Web Sites
Introduction
Test Case Development for HTML
Developing a Test Suite
Partitions
Editor for Test Cases
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Part II Universal Access to Information and Communication
Discrimination and Perception of the Acoustic Rendition of Texts by Blind People
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Using Speech Recognition and Intelligent Search Tools to Enhance Information Accessibility
Introduction
Search and Retrieval of Keyphrases
Note Finder Personal Search Engine
Evaluating SR Multimedia Transcripts and Note Finder
Further Work
Conclusion
References
Critical Success Factors for Automatic Speech Recognition in the Classroom
Introduction
The Lecture Content
Evaluation of Results
Dependent Variables
General Observations
References
Developing and Evaluating a TriAccess Reading System
Introduction
System Developing
Features Analysis
System Creating
System Overview
Usability Evaluating
Method
Results
Discussions and Conclusions
References
CAT Motor: An Innovative System to Detect the Behavior of Human Computer Interaction for People with Upper Limb Impairment
Introduction
System Development
Idea of System Design
Method of System Development
Feature of System
Evaluation Program
Motion Detection System
Cursor Detection Program
Analysis Program
Conclusions
References
The BIC Model: A Blueprint for the Communicator
Introduction
Biological or Built-in Constraints
The Interaction Engine
Conventions
Summary
References
Conveying Browsing Context Through Audio on Digital Talking Books
Introduction
Audio Presentation Techniques in Rich Digital Talking Books
Experimental Setting
Procedure
Results
Testing Phase Results
Conclusions
References
An RFID-Based Point-and-Listen Interface Providing Library Access for the Visually Impaired
Introduction
Project Overview
Prototype Implementation Process
Deployment Environment
Hardware and Software Implementation
RFID Requirements
Distribution of Information
Power Considerations
Creating the New Database
Interaction
Hardware and Software Implementation
RFID Requirements
Distribution of Information
Power Considerations
Creating the New Database
Interaction
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Performance Evaluation of Voice Interaction as a Universal Web Interface
Introduction
Method
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Task and Instructions
Results
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Fisheye Views of Java Source Code: An Updated LOD Algorithm
Introduction
The Standard Fisheye Algorithm
Methodology
Participants
Procedure
Results
Discussion
Conclusions and Further Work
References
A Bayesian Network Approach to Semantic Labelling of Text Formatting in XML Corpora of Documents
Introduction
Semantic Interpretation of Text Formatting
Interpretation by the Readers
Set of Semantic Labels
Classification Features and Methodology
Bayesian Networks
The Final Model
Results
References
Winsight: Towards Completely Automatic Backtranslation of Nemeth Code
Introduction
Nemeth Math Braille Code
Overview of the Winsight System
Conclusion
Authoring Tools for Structuring Text-Based Activities
Introduction
Text Comprehension
Authoring Tools
ReTuDiS and ReTuDiS$Auth$
ReTuDiS System
ReTuDiSAuth
Text Structuring with RETUDIS$Auth$
Text structure
Questions and Alternative Answers
Dialogue Structure
Evaluation
Conclusions
References
VoxBoox: A System for Automatic Generation of Interactive Talking Books
Introduction
Talking Books
Recorded Cassettes
Daisy Talking Books
The VoxBoox System
Navigation of HTML and VoiceXML Documents
Usage Scenario for the VoxBoox System
VoxBoox System Architecture
Future Work
Conclusions
An On-Screen Keyboard for Users with Poor Pointer Control
Introduction
Related Work
Keyboard Description
Experiment
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Multimodal Technology for Municipal Inspections: An Evaluation Framework
Introduction
Laboratory Evaluations for Mobile Field Data Entry
Mobile Municipal Technology Evaluation Framework
Methodology
Client Interviews
Inspection Shadowing
Application of the Framework
Conclusions
References
The Effects of Spatially Enriched Browsing Shortcuts on Web Browsing of Blind Users
Introduction
Related Work and Rationale
The Application Framework
Ontologies
Annotations
Utilisation
User-Centered Evaluation Experiment
Subjects
Environment and Tasks
Protocol
Instruments and Measures
Results
Conclusions and Further Research
References
Chatting with an AAC(Augmentative/Alternative Communication Device)
A Flexible On-Screen Keyboard: Dynamically Adapting for Individuals’ Needs
Introduction
On-Screen Keyboards
Selection Technique
Selection Technique
Features to Improve Performance
Design and Method
Chorded Input Method
Scanning Input Method
Point-and-Click Input Method
Study Methodology
Participant
Materials and Apparatus
Procedure
Result and Discussion
Conclusions
References
Evaluation of RSVP and Display Types on Decoding Performance of Information Extraction Tasks
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Apparatus and Stimuli
Design
Procedure
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
A Large Scale Study of English-Chinese Online Dictionary Search Behavior
Introduction
Related Work
Dict.cn Search Interfaces
Query Analysis
Query Length
Query Difficulty
Query Distribution
Queries Per Day
Repetitive Queries
Query Based User Clustering
Conclusions
References
Design of Computer Integrated Safety and Health Management System
Introduction
Background Information
Methodology
Results and Discussions
Discussions
Future Works
References
Sensor-Driven Adaptation of Web Document Presentation
Introduction
Chameleon Architecture and Functionality
System Modules
Adaptation Through Abstract Policies
Selected Implementation Issues
Wireless Sensor Network and Middleware
Abstract User Interface Languages
Adaptation Through Cascading Style Sheets
Performance Evaluation
Evaluation Setup
Evaluation Results
Related Work
Conclusions
References
Effectiveness of Communication Process Support for Senior Citizens with Information Machines
Introduction
Senior Citizens’ Inclination to Use IT Services
IT Services in the View of Senior Citizens
Barriers to IT Use by Senior Citizens
Overview of Experiment
Experimental Machines and Participants
Systems and Services Provided for Verification of Experiment
Mechanisms for Promoting Usage
Actual Use (Experiment Results)
Acceptance of IT Services by Senior Citizens
Effectiveness of Technical Support
Information and Communication Machine Acceptance and Usability
Effectiveness of Supports for Promoting Usage
Support for Promoting Use by Senior Citizens, and Issues
References
Technology Advances and Standardization Toward Accessible Business Graphics
Introduction
Existing Accessibility Standards for Business Graphics
Survey
Survey of Existing Business Graphics
Survey for Graphical Taxonomies
Survey for Interface Technologies
Toward Accessible Business Graphic Standards
Mechanisms for Attaching Data Models
Generalization of “Connectors”
Preservation of Alignment Information
Conclusion
References
Auditory Accessibility of Metadata in Books: A Design for All Approach
Introduction
The Proposed Architecture
Production Task
Presentation Task
User Modeling
Dialog and Navigation Manager
Logical Document Analysis
Type of Elements
Semantics of Meta-data
Delivering Books into Acoustic Modality
Conclusions
References
Enhancing the Usability of Real-Time Speech Recognition Captioning Through Personalised Displays and Real-Time Multiple Speaker Editing and Annotation
Introduction
Visual Indication of Pauses
Personalised and Customisable Display
Real-Time Editing
Multiple Speaker Transcriptions
Further Work
Conclusion
References
A Study on the Straight-Line Drawing Tasks for the Non-sighted People
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Materials
Procedures
Results
Between Rulers
Between Tasks
Conclusions
To Draw a Line in a New Way
Implication for Future Work
References
Performance of Different Pointing Devices on Children with Cerebral Palsy
Introduction
Method
Participants
Instruments
Procedure
Data Analysis
Results
Clicking and Double Clicking
Pointing and Selecting
Dragging
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Part III Learning and Entertainment
User Modeling for Intelligent Interfaces in e-Learning
Introduction
Lessons from KnowledgeNet
Lessons from Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT)
Lessons from the Open University, Netherlands
Lessons from Self-study Acceleration with Graphic Evidence (SAGE)
Lessons from Advanced Joint English Teaching
Overall Lessons
References
Ubiquitous Access to Learning Material in Engineering
Introduction
Content Engineering Driven by Didactic Knowledge
Structure Mapping
ELIE - Powered by SCHOLION
Conclusions
References
ICT Educational Tools and Visually Impaired Students: Different Answers to Different Accessibility Needs
Introduction
Different E-Learning Tools for Different Visual Needs
What Do We Exactly Mean with the Term “E-Learning Tools”?
E-Learning Tools and the Needs of Visually Impaired Students
The Needs of Visually Impaired Students and the Laws in Force
Conclusions
References
Modeling Content and Expression of Learning Objects in Multimodal Learning Management Systems
Introduction
Content Versus Expression
Content of a Learning Object
Expression of a Learning Object
Accessible Learning Objects
Agents Affecting These Transformations
Modeling Content
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Entertainment and Ambient: A New OLDES’ View
Introduction
Current Landscape
Concept Vision
Method
Basic Concept
SW Infrastructure
Local Infrastructure
Pilots Project
Infrastructure Integration
Results and Discussion
Diabetes Case Study
OLDES’ Benefits
Conclusion
References
Virtual and Mixed Reality Interfaces for e-Training: Examples of Applications in Light Aircraft Maintenance
Introduction and Motivation
The Specific Case of Aircraft Maintenance
Background and Related Work
Issues in Ultralight/Light Sport Aviation Training
System Architecture and Implementation
The Learning Engine
Content Typology
Hardware/Software
User Interaction Combining Learning Engine with Learning Content
Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Holistic Approach to the Evaluation of E-Learning Systems
Introduction
eLSE Methodology
eLSE Activity Flow
Empirical Validation of the PB Inspection
Results
Conclusions
References
How Can HCI Factors Improve Accessibility of m-Learning for Persons with Special Needs?
Introduction
Basic Accessibility Guidelines for Designing and Structuring Accessible m-Learning Applications
Design Guidelines for m-Learning Considering HCI Factors and Tools
Practical Example of Usage of m-Learning in Technical Environment
Usability Testing
Conclusions
References
Accessible and Adaptive e-Learning Materials: Considerations for Design and Development
Introduction
Related Works and Project Related e-Learning Framework
Basic Guidelines for Designing and Structuring Future Accessible and Adaptive Learning Management System
Accessible e-Learning Materials - Basic Guidelines
Adaptive e-Learning Material - Basic Guidelines
Accessible and Adaptive e-Learning Application - ECDL e-Learning Example
Pedagogical and Usability Testing - Results
SUMI Evaluation
Pedagogical Effectiveness
Course Effectiveness
Conclusions
References
Web 2.0 Technology: Future Interfaces for Technology Enhanced Learning?
Introduction
Theoretical Background
The Project LearnLand
LearnLand Technical Background
Usability Tests
Results
Discussion
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Computer Interface for Learning and Using Virtual Instrument
Introduction
Concept of Virtual Instrument
New Way to Virtual Instrument
Module Instrument
MI and Requirement-Driven
Example of Virtual Digital Oscilloscope
Conclusion
References
Agents in m-Learning Systems Based on Intelligent Tutoring
Introduction
Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Mobile Intelligent Tutoring
Agents in Mobile Intelligent Tutoring
Example Agent Infrastructure
Agent-Based Mobile Intelligent Tutoring Model
Conclusion
References
Digital Game-Based Learning: An Agent Approach
Introduction
Online Games
Related Work
Games and Learning
Game-Based Learning
Situated Learning in Games
Social Interactions in an MMORPG
Belief Desire Intention (BDI) Paradigm
Non Player Character (NPC)
A BDI NPC
Goals
Behavior
Social Interactions
Decision Maker
Experiments
Set-Up
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
References
A Haptic Based Interface to Ease Visually Impaired Pupils’ Inclusion in Geometry Lessons
Introduction
State of the Art on 2D Command Gestures
System Description
General Description
System Functionalities
Command Gesture Based Interaction
Experiments
First Experiment: Gestures Learning
Second Experiment: Performing a Typical Exercise
Discussion
Current Work
Future Work
Conclusion
References
Unified Design of Universally Accessible Games
Introduction
Background and Related Work
The Design Process
Abstract Task-Based Game Design
Polymorphic Specialization with Design Alternatives
Appropriateness Analysis for the Design Alternatives
Compatibility Analysis Among Design Alternatives
Prototyping, Usability and Accessibility Evaluation
Abstract Task-Based Game Design and Action Games
Conclusions
References
Universal Design Within the Context of e-Learning
Introduction
Related Work
An Approach to Inclusive Design in e-Learning Environment
Learner-Centred Design Paradigm
"Context of Use" Approach
Individualized Approach
Pedagogical Framework
Guideline Framework
Conclusion and Future Research Directions
References
Designing Intelligent Interfaces for e-Learning Systems: The Role of User Individual Characteristics
Introduction
Background
Research Method
Subjects
Research Instruments
Procedure
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Providing Universal Accessibility Using Connecting Ontologies: A Holistic Approach
Introduction
Related Work
Connecting Ontology
Exploiting Ontology Design Patterns
Generic Accessibility Pattern
Memory Recall Pattern
Perception Effect Pattern
Outcome of Ontology Design Patterns
Accessibility Framework
Example Use Case
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Immersive Digital Games: The Interfaces for Next-Generation E-Learning?
Introduction
Game Design
Didactic Design
Adaptive Interventions
Adaptive Influencing of Learning Situations in a Game
Non Invasive Microadaptivity
Abstraction Within the Learning Engine
The Cognitive Framework Behind Adaptivity
Conclusion
References
Methodology and Application in a Technologically Enhanced Environment: The Case of the Writing Center at the Hellenic American Union and the Hellenic American University
The Writing Center at the Hellenic American Union/University
Rationale
The Design of the Writing Center
Learning at the Writing Center
The WRC as a Distance Tutoring Environment
The WRC as an Onsite Tutoring Environment
Application: WAC and the WRC
The WRC as a Classroom Environment
References
The Role of Web-Based Learning Environments in Fostering Collaboration
Introduction
A Blended Learning Approach
Discussion Boards: Supporting Student-to-Student Collaboration
Case Study
Data Collection and Analysis
Supporting Social Interaction and Fostering Personal Agency
Discussion
Conclusions
References
The Virtual Paddle: An Universal Interaction for Accessible Video Games
Introduction
Game Devices
Video Games Adapted for Disabled People
A User-Centered Design
Questionnaire
Brainstorming
Paper Prototypes
Experiment
Testing Environment
Protocol
Subjects
Data Collection
Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Learning by e-Learning: Breaking Down Barriers and Creating Opportunities for the Visually-Impaired
Introduction
Related Works
Interacting Via Screen Reader and Voice Synthesizer
Accessibility and Usability Issues in e-Learning
Learning Management Systems
Learning Objects
Design Criteria
Interface Overview
Order of Content Blocks
Quick Comprehension of the Most Important Events
Simple Keyboard Interaction
Multimedia
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Designing Games to Address ‘Mute English’ Among Children in China
Introduction
Methodology
User and Product Research
Design
Mute English
Findings and Design Implications
Drills-Based, Competitive Pedagogy
Scaffolding Pronunciation
Parental Involvement
Scheduling
Foreign Avatar
Model Pronunciation
Game Design Schemes to Elicit Speech
Related Work
Some Commercially Successful Technological Designs
Conclusion
References
Identification of Threat of Isolation as a Result of Work with a Computer in Free Time
A Purpose of Undertaking a Problem of Isolation, That Is a Role of a Human in an Organization
Isolation of a Man Working with a Computer as a Threat
Elements of Reducing Threats of Isolation, i.e. Active Recreation and Team Games
The Method of Measurement of Isolation Caused by Work with a Computer in Free Time
Analysis of Results of Measurement of a Level of Isolation During Work with a Computer in Free Time
Interpretation of Results
Final Remarks
References
Reaching Beyond the Invisible Barriers: Serving a Community of Users with Multiple Needs
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
The User Centered Model
The Program Under Study
The Modules
Data Sources and Methodology
Findings
Phase 1 and 2: Validation of Content and Instructional Design Integrity
Phase 3: Controlled Usability
Phase 4: Real Life Usability
Conclusion
References
Some Aspects of the Development of Low-Cost Augmented Reality Learning Environments as Examples for Future Interfaces in Technology Enhanced Learning
Introduction
Related Work
Design and Development of MIBB
Material Used as Content
Interaction
A First Usability Test
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Students’ Attidudes Towards Novel Interfaces in E-Learning
Introduction
E-Learning at Vienna University of Technology
Overview of the Literature
Description of the Study
Results
Conclusion
The Impact of m-Learning in School Contexts: An “Inclusive” Perspective
Introduction
Defining m-Learning
M-Learning and Students’ Inclusion
M-Learning and Inclusion: Main Challenges
M-Learning and Inclusion: Main Changes
Conclusions
References
Instructional Technology and Faculty Development: How iWRITE Challenges Course Design and Teaching Methods
Introduction and Background: The Design and Aims of iWRITE
Reflection and Reconfiguration
Teamwork: Insider and Outsider Contributions
Team Tensions
Making Problems Transparent
Resistance and Adaptation
Conclusion
References
Technology-Mediated Provision of Models: Observational Learning for First Year Students
Introduction and Background
Initial Resistance to the “Modeling” Function of iWRITE
Advantage of iWRITE: For Students
Advantages of IWRITE: Specific Student Experience
Advantages of iWRITE: General Findings
Advantages of iWRITE: For Instructors
Conclusion
Future Research
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
English for Academic Purposes in Israel: Perceptions of E-Learning from the Perspectives of Learners and Teachers
Introduction
The Study
The Research Questions
Method
Findings and Discussion
Implementation of E-Learning in HE
Student Perceptions
Teacher Perceptions
Conclusion
References
AudioStoryTeller: Enforcing Blind Children Reading Skills
Introduction
AudioStoryTeller
Navigation Model
Control
Interfaces: Audio and Visual
Usability Evaluation
Sample
Instruments
Procedure
Results
Cognitive Evaluation
Sample
Instruments
Procedure
Results
Conclusions
Discussion
References
Basic Skills Training to Disabled and Adult Learners Through an Accessible e-Learning Platform
Introduction
ALPE Service
ALPE Platform
ALPE Courses
Methodology for Developing Standard-Based Accessible Courses
Adaptation of the e-Learning Courses to Suit End User’s Needs
Market Validation Process
End User Evaluations
Methodology
First Outcomes from the Evaluation and Future Tasks
Conclusions and Future Works
References
Interface of Online Mini-Go-Game with Pen Input Guide for the Blind
Introduction
Background of the Mini-Go-Game
Co-operative System Using Pen Input Guide
Pen Input Guide
Sound Feedback
Game Program
Conclusion
References
Enhancing Universal Access – EEG Based Learnability Assessment
Introduction and Motivation for Research
Theoretical Background: Brainwaves, Arousal, Relaxation
Arousal and Cognitive Performance
Psychophysiologic Methods and Usability
Hypothesis and Experimental Setting
Results and Discussion
Conclusion and Future Outlook
References
Learning Through Exploration, Autonomy, Collaboration, and Simulation: The 'all-in-one' Virtual School of the Hellas Alive!© Online, Language-Learning Platform
Introduction
The Hellas Alive!© Virtual School: Overall Description
Learning Through Exploration
Exploration Through Unified Access in the Hellas Alive!© Virtual School
Learning Through Autonomy
Autonomy in the Hellas Alive!© Virtual School
Learning Through Simulation
Simulation in the Hellas Alive!© Virtual School
Learning Through Collaboration
Collaboration in the Hellas Alive!© Virtual School
Integration in the Hellas Alive!© Virtual School
Conclusion
References
Co-learn: Collaborative Learning Engine a Vision for Pervasive Collaboration in E-Learning
Introduction
Motivation
Related Works
$Co-Learn$: Collaborative Learning Engine
$Co-Learn$ Research Challenges
An Illustrated Example
Evaluation
Conclusions
References
Effects of Group Composition in Collaborative Learning of EFL Writing
Introduction
Participants, Group Compositions, PBL Lessons, Automatic Writing Assessment, and Discussions
Participants
Group Compositions and the Pretest
PBL Lessons
Automatic Writing Assessments
Peer Conferences and Student-Teacher Conferences
Results
Scores of Automatic Writing Assessments
Students’ Reflections on Learning
Discussions
References
Part IV Universal Access to eServices
E- Health System for Coagulation Function Management by Elderly People
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Experimental Websites
Experimental Parameters
Statistical Analysis
Results
Differences Between Age Groups
Difference Between Websites
Discussion
References
Feed the Dragon Wisely: Designing for Childhood Awareness as a Means of Lifelong Obesity Prevention
Introduction
Background
Research
Existing Programs/Products Targeting at Childhood Obesity Education
Childhood Learning
Children and Computers
Design Concept and Evaluation
Design Concept
Prototype
Evaluation Study
Results
Discussion
Refinement for the Design
Strategy
References
2D Numeric-Based Voice-Driven Browser for the Visual Impairments
Introduction
Related Works
2D Numeric-Based Voice-Driven Browser
Voice Interaction
2D Vocal Web Page Content Creations
Conclusions
References
Case Study of Applying Wireless Technologies into Healthcare Industry in China and UK
Introduction
Characteristics of Healthcare in China and UK
Preconditions of Wireless e-Health in China and UK
Wireless e-Health Scenarios in China and UK
Home Monitoring
Community Scenario
Hospital Scenario
Exemplary WEHealth Solutions in China and UK
Conclusion
References
Attitude Toward Wireless Applications in Healthcare Industry in China
Introduction
Infrastructure of WEHealth
Investigation
Design of Questionnaire
Method of Investigation
Result Analysis
Requirement Analysis
Acceptability
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Users and Trust: The New Threats, the New Possibilities
Introduction
Known Issues in Trust
The 2007 Update on Trusting Behaviour and Attitudes
The Study
The Outcomes of the Interviews with Users
The New Issues in Trust
Trustworthy Design
Access to Understandable Information
Emphasizing the Emotional Side of Trust
Understanding Perception of Risks
On the Social Nature of Trust
Conclusions
References
Ontology-Based User Preference Modeling for Enhancing Interoperability in Personalized Services
Introduction
Related Work
Our Approach
Describing User Preferences
Domain Ontologies
User Preference Description Language (UPDL)
Acquisition of User Preferences
Architecture of Personalized Services Using UPDL
Conclusion
References
A Non-visual Approach to Improving Collaboration Between Blind and Sighted Internet Users
Introduction
Related Work
Architecture
Approach
Step 1: Observations and Analysis of Blind Users Performing Tasks with a Haptic Device
Steps 2 & 3: Developing and Presenting Scenarios and Prototypes
Step 4: Evaluating and Refining Sensations
General Discussion
Conclusions and Further Work
References
Idea Movement of Aging Citizens: Lessons-Learnt from Innovation Workshops
Introduction
Idea Movement of Aging Citizens
Innovation Workshops
Aging Persons as Idea Generators
Discussion
Future Work
References
Accessing e-Government Services: Design Requirements for the Older User
Introduction
Benefits of Online Forms for Older Adults
Form Access
Form Completion
Form Submission
Online Forms for Older Adults: Design Challenges
Previous Research Summary
Older Adults’ Design Requirements
Validating and Extending the Online Form Design Requirements
Key Findings and Discussion
Conclusions and Future Research Directions
References
An Accessible Platform for Conference Administration and Management
Introduction
Background
Conference Management Platform Description
Methodology
Accessibility Evaluation
Accessibility Issues
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Service Science: Applications of Observation to Real World Business
Introduction
Approaches to Service Science
Definition of Service Science
Definition of Service Science
Methodology of Service Science
Examples of Service Science for Customers
Direct Interactions Between Customers and Employees
Interactions at Event Sites Organized by the Corporation
Home Appliances That Customers Use
Examples of Service Science for Employees
Field Operations (Construction Field, Plant Operation)
Conclusion
References
VoiceBlog for Blind and Weak-Eyed People
Introduction
Problems with Screen Readers
Overview of the System
Cascading User Interface
User Interface for Blind and Weak-Eyed People
Evaluation by Blind and Weak-Eyed People
Discussion
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Inflection of In-Situ Ergonomics in Service Engineering
Introduction
Direct Observation Method
In-Situ Ergonomics
The Service Engineering Application Example That Using In-Situ Ergonomics Method
Data Specification
Survey Content
Overall Result
The Result According to Electric Pot
Consideration
Conclusion and Proposal
References
Distributive Medical Management System
Introduction
Goal of the Distributive Medical Curricula Architecture
Structure and Interfaces
Background
Global Treatment Protocols Via Advanced Distributed Learning
Distributed Medical Curricula Architecture (DMCA)
DMCA Design
Architecture
DMCA Key Features and Capabilities
Demonstrating the DMCA: Integration with Raven Wedge
DMCA Enhancement
USUHS Online Preparedness Education Program
DMCA Technical System
Conclusion
References
Basic Consideration for Various Interfaces from Viewpoint of Service
Introduction
Classification of Service
Characteristics of Three Classification of Service
A Screen Design Example Corresponded to Three Classification of Service
Discussion
References
Specialized Design of Web Search Engine for the Blind People
Introduction
Methods
Basic Design Structure of SSEB
Constructing SSEB
Results and Discussion
The Searching Time
The Correct Rate
The Analysis of the Subjective Questionnaires
Discussion
Conclusions
References
The Augmented Patient Chart: Seamless Integration of Physical and Digital Artifacts for Hospital Work
Introduction
Hospital Patient Charts: A Case Study
The Augmented Patient Chart
General Working Characteristics of the Digital Pen and Paper
System’s Mode of Interaction and Operation
Evaluation
Purposes of the Evaluation and Methods
Results
Conclusions
References
Author Index