Ujjvaladatta's commentary on the Uṇādisūtras [Reprint 2022 ed.] 9783112691328

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UJJYALADATTA'S

COMMENTARY ON THE UNADISUTRAS.

EDITED FROM A MANUSCRIPT IX THE LIBRARY OF THE EAST INDIA HOUSE

BY

TBEODOR

AUFEECHT.

BONN: A D O L P H

MARCUS.

1859.

TO

H. H. WILSON ESQ., BODEN PROFESSOR OF SANSKRIT IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, ETC. ETC. ETC.

THIS VOLUflE IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

BY THE EDITOR.

PREFACE.

T h e Unddisutras the a c k n o w l e d g e d

are

rules

for d e r i v i n g ,

verbal

roots

of the

from

Sanskrit, a

number of appellative n o u n s , by means of a species of s u f f i x e s , w h i c h , though nearly called krits,

allied

to the s o -

are not commonly used for the purposes

of derivation.

T h e y take their name from the suffix

un (that is u w i t h an indicatory n), by w h i c h the w o r d s karu,

vdyu,

pdyu,

jdyu,

mdyu,

are formed in the first sutra. w o r d s derived by an unddi

svddu,

A

sddhu,

peculiarity

dpie,

of

all

is, that, w h e t h e r they be

substantives or adjectives, they do not e x p r e s s a g e neral or indefinite a g e n t ,

but r e c e i v e an individual

signification, not necessarily resulting from the c o m bination of the suffix with a v e r b a l root. like karu from kri, 'to do', or vdyu, meant

only

'doing',

'blowing',

If w o r d s

from vd, c to b l o w ' ,

or 'the

doer',

'the

b l o w e r , there w o u l d h a v e been no necessity for the native grammarians to separate the «modi-words from those formed by the common l a w s of derivation. But the fact that 'the doer', 'the b l o w e r , dividualised

into 'an

sufficiently important

h a v e been

artisan', 'the w i n d ' , to

warrant

the

appeared

collection

such w o r d s as these in a separate treatise.*)

inof

Besides,

*) Karu seems to have been intentionally placed at the beginning of the work, in order to show, by its meanings of 'doing' and 'an artisan', the transition from a hrit to an unadi.

VI

Preface.

w e lind that the ftrtf-suffixes (as for instance a , aka, tri) a r e , in w h o l e classes of verbs, employed for the same purpose, and subject to the same g r a m matical laws. The unddi-suffixes, on the contrary, seem in both respects to baffle the efforts of the grammarian w h o tries to bind them to a definite rule. L a s t l y , it must be confessed that the derivations given of unddi-words are very frequently arbitrary and whimsical. W h o would believe, for instance, that tarku, a spindle', is, by the transposition of the initial and final consonants, derived from krit (kart), 'to break 5 , ndku, 'an a n t - h i l l ' , from nam, 'to bend', amisha, 'flesh', from am, to go', kapila, 'tawny', from kam, 'to love', mayura, 'a peacock', from mi, to hurt' ? Keeping in view these difficulties, it is not surprising that certain grammarians, such as Gargya (Nir. I, 12) and Patanjali, denied the possibility of deriving the unddi-words from verbal roots. In Patanjali s commentary on Panini w e meet repeatedly with the sentence: scni^^spqqrrvT nrfircrf^giTfSr, "the unadis are crude forms without origin"; and another g r a m marian tells u s : saTTsjf?! m \ armf^ craT "the unadiwords are perfect as they a r e " ; thus expressing the opinion that it is impossible to apply to them the same grammatical rules to which w e are accustomed in other words. Another grammatical school, however, ventured to derive all nouns without exception from a verbal root, and proved the possibility of such an u n d e r t a k ing, on the one hand, in the Nirukta, on the other, in the unddisutras. Ydska s a y s : H T i n ^ r n m r i s n i t f H sttcft-

VII

P r e f a c e .

Era^r irpbyqau, "(All) nouns derive their origin from verbs; so says Qdkatdyana, and so agree all commentators (of the Vedas.)" With this sentence w e must combine a kdrikd in Patanjali's commentary on Pdnini

III, 3, 1 :

•TR Pat.

rtt

^

^HsFTT^

3s3PT: I

STOSTÌ

ÓTOKTÌI

^ÌH

I

TO

^f*.