Tricks of The Burglar Alarm Trade 0873645502, 9780873645508

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PALADIN PRESS BOULDER, COLORADO

| t 1

Tricks of the Burglar Alarm Trade by Mike Kessler

Copyright © 1990 by Mike Kessler ISBN 0-87364-550-2 Printed in the United States of America First published in 1984 by Mentor Publications Published by Paladin Press, a division of Paladin Enterprises, Inc., P.O. Box 1307, Boulder, Colorado 80306, USA.

(303) 443-7250 Direct inquiries and/or orders to the above address.

All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, no portion of this book may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the publisher. Neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for the use or misuse of information contained in this book.




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SHORT CIRCUITS. 2.2.00 ce cewccccnecccccnccccccccnensece ee CONTROLS ics cee eeis cieaecatremaTR

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TESTING WITH A METER........ pa eeamaa aria

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PROTECTING

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GLASS... 2c eee ence een w cece teen ence en eneneeee DETECTORs sc sivciiscwcccceeiwswaciens

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DEVICES... 2. -nce eee ce enn e cee ereeneeees

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THE PROXIMITY: SENSOR ccseccseinies cee cancewewmmmmaeeeesies

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THE SHUNT LOCK. .... cece eee e eee e eee eee nen ene enennnee

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TROUBLESHOOTING: 6 uss SNe SS NEUES REWER ence weew See

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PARTS & TECHNIQUES....ccsccccccccccceuns

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REFERENCE.....-222.2222025n 2 ene

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THE PHOTOELECTRIC AREA PROTECTION

———_____...

11

SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

TOOLS, COST

secesacens

—

(—

FOREWORD

4

Anything worth learning is worth learning well, and learning something well calls for some degree of effort. The objective of this book is to minimize that effort by avoiding the use of technical jargon,

cryptic

diagrams

and

references

to

electrical

doesn’t mean the information contained pages and burrow itseif into the casual

theory.

However,

in this book will reader’s brain.

jump

this

off

the

The “simplified" instructions packed with most do-it-yourself burgar alarm kits are usually quite easy to follow, leading one blindly through the haphazard. installation of a mediocre system; explaining

“how

to

do

it,”

without

a

word

about

what

one

is

doing,

or

why.

As

a

result there are thousands of so-called burglar alarms in current use, many of which can be defeated by the least sophisticated methods-—and

most

of

which

will

do-it-yourselfer walls.

malfunction

with

a

within

collection

of

a

few

months,

useless

often

hardware

Most burglars can easily recognize an improperly to defeat, do-it-yourself kit burglar alarm just by components: the often flimsy control box, drooping locks and improperly applied window foil with sloppy

leaving

fastened

the to

the

installed, simple Qlancing at its wires, cheap shunt connections. Many

of these packaged kits are relatively inexpensive (cheap), increasingly commonplace. Most contain essentially the same parts-—— with instructions to install them in essentially the

therefore type of same way,

therefore they are relatively easy to recognize and defeat by a number of simple methods. The most common of these methods is called "jumper-— ing." This is a technique used effectively by burglars to "by-pass" cheap or improperly installed alarm systems. There is a very simple countermeasure to the jumpering technique, but it is never explained in "simplified" instruction manuals, and rarely mentioned in books. In order to apply this countermeasure one must understand the jumpering

technique, which calls for closed-circuit burglar alarm This book explores the on concentrating

burglar

alarms,

thorough systems.

familiarity

with

the

nature

closed-circuit ("supervised") wiring in all closed govern that principles basic

ranging

from

those

found

in

tenement

of

detail, circuit

apartments

and

candy stores to those used in mansions and bank vaults. Once these principles are understood, they may be applied to any type of closedcircuit burglar alarm system. The best way to learn from this book is to read it through from cover to cover, passing over any word or segment that seems vague, or a bit too technical. Very often the answer to a question that arises in one section will be found in a following section, or in the next paragraph. None of the diagrams are schematic: line are simple others while pictorials, self-explanatory are some text. by accompanying supported is thoroughly drawing Each drawings.

It also

is true that true that one

Pictures:

The

the components system" (on a

Ne

“one picture is worth hands-on experiment is

serious

described workbench

reader

is

well

throughout or kitchen

vo

a thousand worth more

advised

to

words;" than a

obtain

a

and it’s thousand

sampling

this book and assemble table), and follow each

of

a "bench separate

alt

(— section

of

the

book

with

an

actual

experiment.

This

is

precisely

the

teaching method used in all classroom and correspondence courses on alarm a burglar of student Every it works! and electronics—security course is given a control panel, a coil of wire, one each of a variety is guided and parts; some miscellaneous and supply a power of sensors, is complet-— the course After experiments." “bench of number a through

It

is

system

recommended

to

set

up

to

a

readers

“bench

who

system"

intend

first.

to

install

After

a

burglar

becoming

glass

ter. with

(even

a

mirror),

To most novices, purpose. a serious

Security

a

electronics

and

practice

bench

system

is

a

field that presently offers ivated individual. Burglar

troubleshooting is

like

fascinating

golden alarms

a

world

set

of

with

the bench to a pane

with

of

alarm

thoroughly

familiar with each component and its particular function in system, stretch out a few yards of wire, apply a foil pattern

of

re-

they

or

conjunction

in

used

be

(To system. bench permanent and devices.) new components

a of part main of the testing

installation

actual

an

in

used

are

components

same

the

ed,

a

test

electric

ultimate

me-

trains-—-

gadgetry,

a

opportunities to any competent, motare definitely in, and the profit

potential in this business is impressive. A burglar alarm sideline can be operated out of a closet, using an ordinary car. And the initial is nominal. investment

For

example,

home,

then

price

should

ling

the

with

one the

at

purchase

while

will

way

same

least

practically

profit

so

do

no

start

a

friend

recover

of

more

cash

providing

your

to

for

the

up or

cost

equipment,

investment.

valuable

income.

is

install

of

both

thus

Each

of

we

sets

an

system

in

a

price.

fair

of

profitable

your

is

job

The

enab-

established

proficiency

are

own

generates

installation

of them more.

your

components,

inventory

As

have started up in exactly this way; many for of room plenty there‘s and today-ful

—-

at

subsequent

experience.

Thousands

a

neighbor--

highly

a

grows,

companies success-

The techniques and equipment described in this book are not restric-— ted to residential installations, but apply to commercial premises as well. In fact, commercial premises are usually easier to wire and of-— fer exceptionally high profits to the leasing installer: Ina leasing arrangement, the initial (installation) charge should absorb the cost

of

equipment;

agrees thly.)

age

or

vice size

the

system

remains

the

property

to provide service and maintenance under Service contracts should not provide for

tampering

is

the

cause

of

a

problem.

contracts range from 15.00 to 500.00 and sophistication of the individual

of

Leased

to

begin.

The

next

some hands-on experience. personal satisfaction, and

step Each cash

is

to

assemble

a

installer,

burglar

per month, system.

Whether the reader intends to install only his alarm system or to strike out on a =*7new career,

Place

the

contract (payable free service when depending

wha mondam-—

alarm

ser-

on

the

(or her) own burglar this book is a good

bench

step thereafter will savings-or handsome

system

and

be rewarding; profits.

get in

(—

THE

the

BASIC

S28 8 Seo

eS eS

alarm

system

BURGLAR

ALARM

>)

Sees cc see ee see

on arm iety

A

basic

ided

the

let-—

separate

re-

circuit,

the

segments

are

arm ly

Comme

ch ne

: ’

wired

yt

i i

(oe.

'

Solon be a

panel,

together

0

as

three

the

: '

shown

in

Fig.

segments,

circuit.

it ui

OQ)

oO

:: i

.

/\

,

7“

PROTECTIVE

BELL

BATTERY

~

CIRCUIT

BATTERY

,

(3 volts)

CONTROL CABINET Figure

8"

circular

gong

[1.5

t

2.

ROT

BELL CIRCUIT

| 15]

'

1!

aL

'

an

The

1-1.

re

WpesNpey | pinned T

eee

bell,

separate

protective

erences (Low nnn nnn en s es!

'

The

of

and

cowrRo INSTRUMENT zl oi

|

consists

control

ererscuas" +

™

mens--

burglar

bell

i-1

with

a

motorized

hammer

on

its

under-—

side, is normally enclosed in a protective steel cabinet, which should be securely mounted to an exterior wall, high enough to be inaccessible to tampering. A pair of 14 to i4 gauge wires are attached to the bell motor’s terminals, drawn through a wiring hole in the back of the hous— ing, drawn through a hole bored through the mounting surface and into

the

premises,

The

control

where

panel

they is

are

a

routed

square,

to

steel

the

control

panel.

electrical

cabinet

with

a

key-

operated ON/OFF switch mounted on its face. This cabinet is securely fastened to an interior wall, somewhere in a convenient, preferably concealed location within the premises. Inside this cabinet are the control instrument, which is the "brain" of the system, and a 6 volt

battery The

to

energize

protective

the

circuit

bell.

is

a

pair

of

22

to

20

gauge

wires,

which

are

routed through the interior of the premises. Although none are shown in this diagram, the various sensors (switches, detectors, trap circuits, etc.) used to monitor anticipated points of entry, (windows, doors, etc.), will be wired into the protective circuit. The protect-— ive circuit must be routed so it passes directly across, or close to each point to be protected by a sensor.

At of

\

One end of the protective circuit is connected to the control panel. the other end is an independent power supply, consisting of a pair 1.5 volt ignition cells, wired together to form a 3 volt battery.

_

J

[ctor duty lantern

The any

above, there is a separate power supply, battery), inside the control cabinet for

protective way!

circuit

power

supply

does

not

the

bell

circuit

in

of a wired control panel: is the control instrument, a electro-mechanical relays,

VIND2ID

119g OL

Fig. 1-2 is a closer look at the inside Fastened to the inside of the cabinet door circuit board upon which are mounted two shown as A & B.

serve

(a 6 volt, heavyringing the bell.

N

6 Volt Battery

Figure Situated

between

these

two

section (body) of the ON/OFF {not shown) is pulled through connected to the key-switch.

relays

if

1-2 is

a

hole

through

key-switch protrudes. A this hole from behind

Situated below the relays and key-switch Six, Separated terminals, numbered 1 thru 6. dressed to Relay A, which is the bell relay.

;

which

the

rear

pair of wires the board and

is a connecting Terminals 1 & Terminals 3 &

strip with 2 are ad4 are also

v

addressed to Relay A. Terminals is the protective circuit relay.

5 & & are addressed to Relay B, Note the connections to these

inals: The bell circuit wiring is connected to Terminals volt battery, (for the bell), is connected to Terminals

protective circuit is connected bell and protective circuits is rear

of

by

short

a

the

cabinet.

pair

of

The

16

6

to

14

volt

to Terminals S & 6. The drawn through "knockout" battery

gauge

is

wires.

attached

1 3

&

2. &

wiring holes

to

sme termA

4.

six The

for in

the the

Terminals

3

&

4

Imagine that the components we’ve covered thus far are set up ona test bench, arranged as shown in Fig. i-i: Rotating the key-switch to the ON position will arr» the system, meaning it is "set up” to function as a burglar alarm. The way to activate the alarm is to somehow inter-— rupt the flow of current through the protective circuit, which may be done either by disconnecting the batte ry-—- or cutting a wire. The following is a detailed explanation of how the control instrument governs

the

separate

Relay

A

functions

is

the

bell

of

the

bell

relay.

and

When

protective

the

circuits.

properly

rated

power source is applied to it, (6 volts in this example), its contacts are pulle d together, "latching" in place and Providing a conductive path between the power source (at terminals 3 & 4) and the bell. There are two opens in the path between the power supply attac hed to Terminals 3 & 4: one is controlled by the key ive circuit, @ust be turned interrupted.

Switch, the other is controlled by the protect-— (Relay B.) In order for the bell to ring, the key switch ON and the flow of Protective circuit current must be

Relay B is the protective circuit relay. It of the key-switch. The protective circuit is the 3 volt battery, and will remain energized

visory”

current

flow

is

not

interrupted.

throughout the protective circuit cause it monitors the status of the

is called circuit.

cuT NIRS .

oO

CONTROL. PANEL

Cools, tT t

PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT

The

is totally independent constantly energized by as long as this "“super— flow

of

3

"supervisory"

volt

energy

current

be-

CONNECT CUT ENDS TO

surtcu rernrnacs

ee 1.5

Figure

1-3

Burglars are not so accomodating as to deliberately disconnect the protective circuit battery or cut a wire to de-energize the prote ctive circuit relay and cause an alarm, so some form of switching device (sensor) must be applied to each point of potential entry and wired into

the

protective

circuit.

Fig.

3

1-3

shows

how

to

wire

any

sensor.

J

attached

and

stripped

to

B

(CLOSED?

rt

PROTECTIVE

the

1-4,

Fig.

closed

A

remains

open--

switch

B is held battery.

Relay circuit. tective circuit the protective

therefore

|

%

The

nie

CIRCUIT 7

circuit 7 Figure

relay

are

ends

device.

SUITCH

¢CLOSED>

In

severed

switching

through continuity electrical switch. light of an ordinary

to vwake or break as a means serves device in the example as circuit, the protective

BELL

the

cut,

the

of

terminals

the

is

pair

circuit

protective

the

of

“leg”

[...

1-4

continuity

provides

through

of flow by the closed relay when that Note

the

bell

cannot

(OPEN?

the

pro-

from current B is closed,

ring.

SUITCH ¢ OPEN > 1.5]

31.5

¢CLOSED>

3 volts

PROTECTIVE crrRcu1Tt 7 ee

BELL crrcurT 7

cece

2

Figure

In

1-5

Fig.

causing B, operational)

closed, to

turn

it

the to and

switch open. relay

activating the

key-switch

the to

(pictured)

1-5

is

open,

which

is the key-switch Whenever A will relay open, B snaps

The

alarm. the

OFF

only

way

to

de-energizes

Relay

(system ON turned snap Simultaneously

disengage

the

bell

is

position.

an intherefore fast, extremely is B of Relay action The drop-out only need circuit protective the through flow current of terruption Restorcircuit. the bell to activate a second of a fraction for occur it has once relay the bell not release will circuit ing the protective latched

Ns

in.

ke

ae

a

THE

To

present

described line ions

this

in

the

concept

foregoing

configuration, that call for

are rare. In several rooms about

a

area

Of

PROTECTIVE

in

its

CIRCUIT

simplest

section

is

form,

separate

coverage,

protective

ina

short,

containing only one sensor. While such a short run of wire and just

most cases a protective circuit of a premises, on different

dozen,

the

depicted

or

how

sensors.

many

Regardless

sensors

it

there are situatone sensor, they

will be levels, of

a

routed and will

protective

contains,

circuit

straight-—

the

through contain circuit’s

basic

principle

remains the same: The protective circuit should always be perceived as a pair of wires with a power supply and a number of switches connected in series. The open ends of the pair are attached to a Pair of screw

terminals In

like this

in

the

control

panel,

(5

&

6.)

electrical terminology the word series means a continuous string, a group of people holding hands in a circle. To further clarify analogy, remember that the words circle and circuit derive from a common root: Compare Fig. 2-1 Fig. 2-2 (next

SUITCHES

diagrams and you will find the only difference is that the protective circuit in Fig. 2-2 has four sensors

{

CONTROL PANEL

wired Fig.

tery of

in 2-1

is

series, has only

diagrams

same

thing,

circuit,

PROTECTIVE —>» 1.9

Figure

[L.

2-1

wire

components

In Fig. 2-1 producing a

we see circle

other

exactly of

the

series

a

connecting

together.

side

Otherwise,

continuous,

consisting of

the

panel.

depict a

Fig.

single a

number

2-1

is

a series circuit, so is Fig. 2-2. If this simple principle is clearly understood, the following sections will present no problems.

a

Fig. 2-2 control

is a protective panel, a pair

extending out sensors wired

Of

on

control

both

of

while the one in two, and the bat-—

situated

the

string

CIRCUIT BATTERY

with the diagram in page.) Study both

that a "pair" of wires of connected components.

is

to a battery in series.

just

a

circuit: of wires and

convenient

four

way

'

CONTROL

'

PANEL

hs '

11.5]

La

[1.5

Ee.

of current the flow depicts 2-2 Fig in arrows line of The phantom the (including circuit protective entire the through battery, the from the of each through panel), in the control relay circuit protective a of is representative diagram This to the battery. and back sensors, on windows as a row of four such installation, straightforward simple, the

same

wall.

a dozen for about call installations most mentioned, previously As more on and rooms in different are situated which points, protected one at circuit a protective To begin of a premises. level one than

a

carry

and

point

given

things be doing would point circuit a protective tribute page. >? (next

diagram

this

Study

that

find

way easier in is shown

disto 2-3 Fig.

circuit"

(running

“main

the

duplicate

exact is an few additions:

to the battery) panel the control from a with 2-2, in Fig. circuit protective

consecutive

each

to

wires

of

A much the hard way. a premises throughout

you'll

and

pair

continuous

of

the

to it convenient makes installation hypothetical of this The layout one (on windows four at one end of a row of panel control the Situate the wall. of end other the at in a closet the battery and put wall) them.) (Count sensors. four it contains and circuit" “main is the This

This

them.) way aS "loop"

sensor the of

a A

a

is

roof-hatch, also

loop, A third circuit, at C.

seen

where

complicated ing ee

with of

they

as

a huge wires,

it

are

at

cellar

the

into

B

and

etc.),

door,

one

is

sensor,

is

it

into

tied

seen

the

tied

into

same as

known

sensor,

one

only

contains

now

is

circuit

in

A,

at

circuit

main This

Loop

B.

containing

loop the

(proA. main

(from the battery and back circuit this around and no loops are added, many no matter how that

arrows Follow the see and you’ll again) matter

tied

is

connected. be would circuit. protective

loop

Another tecting

circuit

of the location sensors——- count

another at (seven doors,

started and two

is circuit separate A second, five windows covering premises,

connected,

might

circle-(loops.)

seem

in

the

final

diagram by

produced

6

effect

form,

in

will

be

Principle

interconnecting

the

we

several,

same.

are

As

deal-

separate )

yy, b-----—------—»----

—f] ¥

-——--—-=-=,

Bisa ent the

the

tere ee -------- ~é------------- “—--------

t es

|

Ore

ive

is2-3

MAIN

y

Dowie