Table of contents : Transdermal Drug Delivery Copyright Dedication Contents List of figures List of tables Preface Acknowledgment 1 Transcutaneous drug administration Passive transdermal therapeutic systems References 2 Anatomy of the human skin References 3 Basic principles of transdermal drug delivery Transdermal drug delivery experiments Selection of transdermal drug delivery candidates Physico-chemical determinants of percutaneous penetration Molecular weight Partition coefficient Solubility Diffusion coefficient Ionization Biological factors and transdermal drug delivery Age Hydration References 4 Elastic liposomes and other vesicles Alpha-tocopherol Insulin Sodium stibogluconate Minoxidil and caffeine Asenapine Gap junction protein Tetanus toxoid Ondansetron Surfactant-based elastic vesicles Niosomes Ethosomes Cucurmin Ovalbumin Griseofulvin Terbinafine Transethosomes References 5 Chemical permeation enhancers Terpenes Water Azone Pyrrolidone and derivatives Alcohols Esters Dimethyl sulfoxide Fatty acids Glycol ethers Surfactants Peptides Amino acid derivatives Ceramide-like penetration enhancers Oleodendrimers Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents References 6 Microemulsions Transdermal delivery of indomethacin with microemulsion Percutaneous transport of α-santalol through breast skin and mammary papilla Skin delivery of propranolol-loaded microemulsions The Influence of microemulsion on the percutaneous transport of tetramethylpyrazine The influence of microemulsion on the transcutaneous delivery of testosterone Transdermal microemulsion loaded with methyl dihydrojasmonate The effect of microemulsion on the transcutaneous permeation of dencichine Skin delivery of clotrimazole-loaded microemulsions Skin delivery of the tetrapeptide PKEK with microemulsions Microemulsion for the skin delivery of bee-venom phospholipase A2 (Api m 1) Transcutaneous delivery of metronidazole with microemulsion Repaglinide microemulsion gel for percutaneous transport The influence of microemulsion on the transcutaneous delivery of cyclosporine Transcutaneous delivery of lapachol with microemulsion Microemulsion for the skin transport of zidovudine Percutaneous transport of ropivacaine-loaded microemulsion Celecoxib microemulsion-based gel for transdermal delivery Skin delivery of imiquimod with microemulsion References 7 Prodrugs Skin delivery of siRNA with prodrugs Skin transport of bioengineered carboxymethyl cellulose-doxorubicin prodrugs The effect of ester promoieties on the percutaneous transport of ketorolac Percutaneous penetration of apomorphine prodrugs Skin delivery of polymer conjugated prodrug of all-trans retinoic acid Skin delivery of naproxen prodrugs Transdermal delivery of natrexone prodrugs Transcutaneous permeation of haloperidol prodrugs Skin delivery of fexofenadine prodrugs Prodrugs of phenolic compounds Polyoxyethylene esters as prodrugs of selected nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for transdermal delivery Transdermal delivery of phenylalanyl-glycine prodrugs Skin permeation of atenolol and propranolol esters The transcutaneous penetration of theophylline prodrugs Transdermal delivery of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates Percutaneous transport of thalidomide prodrugs Transdermal delivery of cytarabine prodrugs Transdermal permeation of acetylsalicylic acid prodrugs References 8 Microneedles Solid microneedles Fabrication Transdermal drug delivery with solid microneedles Dissolving microneedles Hollow microneedles Coated microneedles Dip coating Electrohydrodynamic atomization Inkjet printing Three-dimensional printing Spray coating Partial immersion Nitrogen gas jet coating Polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly Hydrogel-forming microneedles References 9 Iontophoresis, magnetophoresis, and electroporation Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of therapeutic agents Ranitidine Methotrexate Penbutolol sulfate Almotriptan malate 3-Fluoroamphetamine Acyclovir Granisetron Memantine Ketoprofen Dexamethasone Donepezil 3-Fluoroamphetamine Magnetophoresis WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY ETP ETP-mediated transdermal delivery of doxepin Using ETP to transport calcein Delivering fentanyl across the human skin with ETP Percutaneous transport of metoprolol with ETP ETP-mediated transdermal delivery of nalbuphine The effect of ETP on the transdermal permeation of doxorubicin Delivery of iron with ETP ETP-mediated transdermal delivery of Kb-binding ovalbumin-peptide SIINFEKL Transcutaneous transport of neostigmine via ETP Skin delivery of sinomenine hydrochloride by ETP Skin delivery of methotrexate via ETP Percutaneous transport of tetracaine via ETP ETP-mediated transcutaneous permeation of alniditan ETP-assisted skin permeation of heparin Transdermal delivery of domperidone via ETP ETP-mediated transdermal penetration of diphtheria toxoid Percutaneous transport of insulin via ETP ETP-mediated percutaneous delivery of andrographolide The effect of ETP on the percutaneous absorption of genistein ETP-assisted skin transport of insulin The influence of ETP on the transcutaneous penetration of terazosin ETP-mediated delivery of vaccines against Trypanosoma cruzi ETP-mediated skin delivery of pDNA vaccine that codes for the influenza nucleoprotein (PR8) References 10 Sonophoresis Mechanism of transdermal sonophoresis Acoustic streaming Cavitation Rectified diffusion Cellular-level effect Thermal effect Transdermal sonophoretic delivery of therapeutic agents Methotrexate Gemcitabine Sinomenine Penbutolol Propranolol Ketoprofen Diclofenac Galantamine Rivastigmine Lercanidipine hydrochloride Insulin Heparin Histamine Caffeine References 11 Laser and other ablation technologies Heat References 12 Mathematical modeling of transdermal drug delivery Artificial neural network Macroscopic models References Index