Three stories in Oneida 9781772822342

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N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man N a t i o n a l Museums o f Canada

Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme Musées n a t i o n a u x du Canada

Board o f T r u s t e e s

Conseil d'Administration

Dr. Sean B. Murphy Juge René J. Marin M. Roger B. Hamel Mme G i n e t t e Gadoury Mr. M i c h e a l CD. Hobbs M. Paul H. Leman Mr. R i c h a r d M.H. Alway Mr. Robert C. MacLeod Mr. A l e x C o l v i l l e Ms Jane Thompson Edwards M. C h a r l e s A. L u s s i e r Dr. L a r k i n Kerwin

Secretary

Mr. I a n C. C l a r k

General

Director N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man

Chairman Vice-président Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre Membre (Ex o f f i c i o ) Membre (Ex o f f i c i o )

Secrétaire général

Dr. W i l l i a m E. T a y l o r , J r . Directeur Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme

Chief Canadian Ethnology S e r v i c e

Crown C o p y r i g h t Reserved

A. McFadyen C l a r k Chef S e r v i c e canadien

d'Ethnolog ie

D r o i t s réservés au nom de l a Couronne

MUSEE NATIONAL DE L'HOMME COLLECTION MERCURE

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF MAN MERCURY SERIES ISSN

CANADIAN PAPER

ETHNOLOGY

0 3 1 6 - 1854

SERVICE

LE

No.73

SERVICE

DOSSIER

ISSN

CANADIEN

No.73

0316-1862

THREE STORIES IN ONEIDA EDITOR

: KARIN

STORYTELLER

MICHELSON

AND

TRANSLATOR : GEORGINA

NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA

NICHOLAS

MUSÉES NATIONAUX DU CANADA OTTAWA 1981

D'ETHNOLOGIE

OBJECT OF THE MERCURY SERIES The M e r c u r y S e r i e s i s a p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man, N a t i o n a l Museums o f C a n a d a , d e s i g n e d t o p e r m i t t h e r a p i d d i s s e m i n a t i o n of information p e r t a i n i n g t o those d i s c i p l i n e s f o r w h i c h t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man i s r e s p o n s i b l e . In t h e i n t e r e s t s o f making i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e q u i c k l y , As a normal p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s have been a b b r e v i a t e d . r e s u l t , e d i t o r i a l e r r o r s may o c c u r . S h o u l d t h a t be t h e c a s e , y o u r i n d u l g e n c e i s r e q u e s t e d , b e a r i n g i n mind t h e o b j e c t o f the S e r i e s . The o p i n i o n s e x p r e s s e d b y t h e a u t h o r s do n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t t h o s e o f t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man o r t h e F e d e r a l Government o f Canada.

BUT DE LA COLLECTION MERCURE L a c o l l e c t i o n M e r c u r e , publiée p a r l e Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme, Musées n a t i o n a u x d u C a n a d a , a p o u r b u t de d i f f u s e r r a p i d e m e n t l e résultat de t r a v a u x q u i o n t r a p p o r t a u x d i s c i p l i n e s p o u r l e s q u e l l e s l e Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme e s t responsable. Pour a s s u r e r l a prompte d i s t r i b u t i o n des e x e m p l a i r e s imprimés, o n a abrégé l e s étapes de l'édition. En conséquence, c e r t a i n s e r r e u r s de rédaction p e u v e n t s u b s i s t e r d a n s l e s e x e m p l a i r e s imprimés. S i c e l a s e présentait d a n s l e s p a g e s q u i s u i v e n t , l e s éditeurs réclament v o t r e i n d u l g e n c e étant donné l e s o b j e c t i f s de l a c o l l e c t i o n . L e s o p i n i o n s exprimées p a r l e s a u t e u r s ne reflètent p a s nécessairement c e l l e s d u Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme ou d u g o u v e r n e m e n t fédéral d u C a n a d a .

ii

ABSTRACT Three s t o r i e s i n O n e i d a , a N o r t h e r n I r o q u o i a n language, and an i n t r o d u c t i o n , a l s o i n O n e i d a , a r e g i v e n w i t h an i n t e r l i n e a r The s t o r i e s t r a n s l a t i o n a n d a morpheme-by-morpheme a n a l y s i s . were t o l d t o M r s . G e o r g i n a N i c h o l a s when s h e was a c h i l d a t t h e Oneida Reserve near London, O n t a r i o . The two A p p e n d i c e s l i s t t r a n s l a t i o n s and/or f u n c t i o n s o f s t r i n g s o f s y n t a c t i c p a r t i c l e s and some p h o n o l o g i c a l r u l e s o f O n e i d a .

RESUME C e t t e étude comprend t r o i s h i s t o i r e s en O n e i d a , une l a n g u e i r o q u o i s e du n o r d , e t une i n t r o d u c t i o n a u s s i en O n e i d a , a v e c une t r a d u c t i o n interlinéaire e t une a n a l y s e morphème à morphème. L e s h i s t o i r e s étaient racontées a Mme. G e o r g i n a N i c h o l a s p e n d a n t son e n f a n c e à l a réserve O n e i d a près de L o n d o n , O n t a r i o . L e s deux a p p e n d i c e s donnent l e s t r a d u c t i o n s e t / o u l e s f o n c t i o n s des séquences de p a r t i c u l e s s y n t a c t i q u e e t q u e l q u e s régies p h o n o l o g i q u e d'Oneida. L e s p e r s o n n e s désireuses de r e c e v o i r en français de p l u s a m p l e s r e n s e i g n e m e n t s s u r c e t t e p u b l i c a t i o n s o n t priées d ' a d r e s s e r l e u r s demandes à: Service canadien d'Ethnologie Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme Musées n a t i o n a u x du Canada O t t a w a , O n t a r i o K1A 0M8 The

c o v e r i l l u s t r a t i o n was done b y R.M.

iii

Deer.

CONTENTS

ONEDIA

STORIES

Introduction

1

The Widower a n d H i s L i t t l e

Girl

3

The Young F l i r t

7

Why t h e B e a r Has No T a i l

9

INTERLINEAR

TRANSLATION

Introduction

11

The W i d o w e r and H i s L i t t l e

Girl

15

The Young F l i r t

24

Why t h e B e a r Has No T a i l

28

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS O r t h o g r a p h i c and A b b r e v i a t o r y C o n v e n t i o n s

34

Introduction

36

The Widower a n d H i s L i t t l e

Girl

40

The Young F l i r t

49

Why t h e B e a r Has No T a i l

53

APPENDIX

I:

59

APPENDIX

II:

PARTICLE SEQUENCES PHONOLOGICAL RULES

REFERENCES CITED

60 62

iv

PREFACE Among t h e O n e i d a s , s t o r y - t e l l i n g h a s a l w a y s b e e n an i m p o r t a n t s o c i a l e v e n t . S t o r i e s were o f t e n t o l d o v e r a p e r i o d of t h r e e o r f o u r e v e n i n g s and c e r t a i n i n d i v i d u a l s w e r e known f o r t h e i r s k i l l i n k e e p i n g t h e i r a u d i e n c e s p e l l b o u n d u n t i l t h e v e r y end. In t h i s v o l u m e we p r e s e n t t h r e e s t o r i e s i n O n e i d a t o l d t o me by Mrs. G e o r g i n a N i c h o l a s o f the Oneida-of-the-Thames Reserve near London, O n t a r i o . I n an i n t r o d u c t i o n M r s . N i c h o l a s d e s c r i b e s t h e customs o f Oneida s t o r y - t e l l i n g , a t what t i m e o f y e a r s t o r i e s were t o l d and why, who t o l d t h e s t o r i e s , and t h e a t m o s p h e r e w h i c h s u r r o u n d e d t h e e v e n t . The t h r e e s t o r i e s a r e : 1) The Widower and H i s L i t t l e G i r l , 2) The Young F l i r t , and 3) Why t h e B e a r Has No Tail. First, for children The t e x t s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h r e e v e r s i o n s . and t h e i r p a r e n t s who u n d e r s t a n d e v e n a l i t t l e O n e i d a , t h e i n t r o ­ d u c t i o n and s t o r i e s a r e g i v e n i n O n e i d a . I n the second v e r s i o n , f o r s t u d e n t s o f O n e i d a and t h o s e who a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n O n e i d a c u l t u r e and o r a l l i t e r a t u r e , b u t who h a v e l i t t l e o r no e x p e r i e n c e i n l i n g u i s t i c a n a l y s i s , t h e O n e i d a t e x t i s g i v e n w i t h an i n t e r ­ l i n e a r , word-by-word t r a n s l a t i o n and, a t the bottom o f each page, a free translation. The t h i r d v e r s i o n i s a m o r p h o l o g i c a l a n a l y ­ s i s w h i c h i s i n t e n d e d f o r u s e by O n e i d a t e a c h e r s as a w o r k b o o k i n t h i s k i n d o f a n a l y s i s as w e l l a s f o r l i n g u i s t s who a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n Iroquoian languages. The i n t r o d u c t i o n and f i r s t s t o r y w e r e r e c o r d e d i n A p r i l , 1980, and t h e s e c o n d and t h i r d s t o r i e s w e r e r e c o r d e d i n J u l y , 198 0. A f t e r M r s . N i c h o l a s r e c o r d e d t h e t e x t s she r e d i c t a t e d them t o me s e n t e n c e - b y - s e n t e n c e so t h a t t h e y c o u l d be t r a n s c r i b e d . Note t h a t O n e i d a makes a d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n u t t e r a n c e - f i n a l and u t t e r a n c e - m e d i a l p o s i t i o n ; t h a t i s , a word may h a v e a d i f f e r e n t p r o n u n c i a t i o n when s a i d i n i s o l a t i o n o r a t t h e end o f a s e n t e n c e t h a n i n t h e m i d d l e o f a s e n t e n c e . The m o s t common f e a t u r e o f u t t e r a n c e - f i n a l forms i s t h e u n v o i c i n g of a w o r d - f i n a l vowel o r a v o w e l f o l l o w e d o n l y by a g l o t t a l s t o p . The u n v o i c e d v o w e l i s underlined i n the t r a n s c r i p t i o n . The t e x t s w e r e t r a n s l a t e d t w i c e ; f i r s t , M r s . N i c h o l a s w o u l d l i s t e n t o t h e t e x t s on one t a p e r e c o r d e r s t o p p i n g t h e t a p e a f t e r e a c h s e n t e n c e , and t h e n t r a n s l a t e t h e s e n t e n c e i n t o a n o t h e r t a p e recorder. T h i s s e n t e n c e - b y - s e n t e n c e t r a n s l a t i o n i s t h e one f o u n d a t t h e b o t t o m o f t h e page i n t h e s e c o n d v e r s i o n . Then, f o r the i n t e r l i n e a r t r a n s l a t i o n i n v e r s i o n two, Mrs. N i c h o l a s t r a n s l a t e d e a c h word i n t o E n g l i s h as e x a c t l y as p o s s i b l e . S o m e t i m e s , how­ e v e r , i t was i m p o s s i b l e t o f i n d an E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n , e s p e c i a l l y f o r t h e w o r d s r e f e r r e d t o by I r o q u o i a n l i n g u i s t s as " p a r t i c l e s " . These p a r t i c l e s a l s o o c c u r i n sequences i n w h i c h c a s e t h e e n t i r e s e q u e n c e c a n o f t e n be a s s i g n e d an a p p r o x i m a t e E n g l i s h t r a s l a t i o n . The s e q u e n c e s o f p a r t i c l e s w h i c h o c c u r f r e q u e n t l y i n t h e t e x t s are g i v e n , w i t h a t r a n s l a t i o n , i n A p p e n d i x I . A f t e r t h e t e x t s w e r e t r a n s c r i b e d and t r a n s l a t e d I a n a l y z e d them morpheme-by-morpheme. F o r e a c h w o r d I c o l l e c t e d a d d i t i o n a l f o r m s w h i c h show t h e shape and m e a n i n g o f e v e r y morpheme c o n t a i n e d i n the w o r d . The r e s u l t s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n v e r s i o n t h r e e . v

I would l i k e t o thank John N i c h o l s o f t h e Department o f A n t h r o p o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Western O n t a r i o , Mike F o s t e r o f the N a t i o n a l Museum of Man, E l d a Antone, Research A s s o c i a t e a t t h e Department o f A n t h r o p o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Western O n t a r i o , Mercy D o x t a t o r o f t h e S t a n d i n g Stone S c h o o l a t Oneida and Reg Henry o f t h e Woodland I n d i a n C u l t u r a l - E d u c a t i o n a l C e n t r e i n B r a n t f o r d , O n t a r i o f o r t h e i r e d i t o r i a l a d v i c e and encouragement. I would e s p e c i a l l y l i k e t o thank Mrs. N i c h o l a s f o r h e r p a t i e n c e d u r i n g o u r p r o j e c t and f o r h e r d e d i c a t i o n t o t h e Oneida language which made our work t o g e t h e r such a p l e a s u r e . I am g r a t e f u l t o t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man f o r an E t h n o g r a p h i c F i e l d Research C o n t r a c t which enabled Mrs. N i c h o l a s and me t o work t o g e t h e r on a p r o j e c t we are p l e a s e d t o share w i t h o t h e r s . F i n a l l y , I thank t h e p e o p l e o f Oneida f o r t h e s u p p o r t and enthusiasm they have shown me. For those Oneida speakers and s t u d e n t s o f Oneida who a r e n o t f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e orthography used i n t h i s volume, an e x p l a n a t i o n of i t i s g i v e n i n Antone e t a l . , T e k a l i h w a t e : t h a ' , 1 9 8 1 : v - v i i and i n M i c h e l s o n and D o x t a t o r , Oneida Language D r i l l s , 1981:1. Both are a v a i l a b l e from t h e C e n t r e f o r t h e Research and Teaching o f Canadian N a t i v e Languages a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Western O n t a r i o . The c o v e r i l l u s t r a t i o n i s an o r i g i n a l drawing by R. M. Deer done e s p e c i a l l y f o r t h i s volume.

Karin Michelson Centre f o r t h e Research and Teaching of Canadian N a t i v e Languages Department o f A n t h r o p o l o g y U n i v e r s i t y o f Western O n t a r i o London, O n t a r i o N6A 5C2

vi

ONEIDA STORIES INTRODUCTION

1

2

3

THE WIDOWER AND HIS L I T T L E GIRL

4

5

6

7 THE YOUNG F L I R T

8

9

WHY THE BEAR HAS NO T A I L

10

INTERLINEAR

TRANSLATION

INTRODUCTION

Sekoli Karin. T h i s i s w h a t y o u w a n t me t o d o . You w a n t me t o t e l l you a s t o r y . Oneidas don't t e l l s t o r i e s i n s p r i n g t i m e . As soon a s t h e snow g o e s away t h e y s t o p . They w o n ' t , t h e y j u s t won't t e l l any more s t o r i e s , no m a t t e r how much a n y o n e b e g s them t o . They s a y a s n a k e w i l l c r a w l i n b e d w i t h them i f t h e y do s o . I t i s y o u r f a u l t i f i t c r a w l s i n b e d w i t h me. Maybe, I s h o u l d go and s t a y o v e r n i g h t w i t h y o u , so i t w i l l c r a w l i n w i t h y o u t o o . A g r e e d ? When I was a l i t t l e g i r l I remember 11

12

I u s e d t o be so g l a d when w i n t e r came. I w o u l d h e a r t h e e l d e r s t e l l stories again. Men d i d m o s t o f t h e s t o r y - t e l l i n g . A neigh­ b o u r o f my g r a n d m o t h e r u s e d t o be good a t t e l l i n g s t o r i e s . He h a d l o t s of s t o r i e s . T h e r e ' s a l o t t h a t I d o n ' t remember t h a t he t o l d . We o f t e n w e n t t o v i s i t my g r a n d m o t h e r and s o m e t i m e s we e v e n s t a y e d overnight. As s o o n as s h e saw us c o m i n g s h e w o u l d s t a r t p e e l i n g p o t a t o e s , p e e l i n g c a r r o t s , making k u n j u n , f r y i n g s a l t p o r k . We c h i l d r e n u s e d t o s e t t h e t a b l e and when we g o t t h r o u g h she w o u l d s e n d me down t o t h e b a s e m e n t t o b r i n g up a j a r o f f r u i t t h a t she

13

had p r e s e r v e d . The f o o d t a s t e d so g o o d . When we g o t t h r o u g h e a t i n g , we w o u l d h u r r y up and p u t t h e s t u f f away. We w o u l d g a t h e r up t h e d i s h e s , one w o u l d wash d i s h e s , t h e o t h e r w o u l d w i p e d i s h e s , t h e o t h e r w o u l d p u t d i s h e s away i n a c u p b o a r d . Our g r a n d f a t h e r seems t o know a s s o o n a s we f i n i s h e d , he w o u l d k n o c k on t h e d o o r and t h e y , he and h i s w i f e , w o u l d come i n . Then we w o u l d p u t t h e c h a i r s a l l around t h e f i r e . S o m e t i m e s i t w o u l d be k i n d o f c o l d and s h e w o u l d g i v e u s e a c h a q u i l t t o w r a p a r o u n d i n .

14

We w o u l d s i t t h e r e and w a i t , s i t q u i e t l y and w a i t f o r h i m t o begin. A l l o f a s u d d e n he w o u l d s a y , " i h e h " . I d o n ' t know w h a t t h a t means b u t t h a t ' s w h a t he w o u l d s t a r t w i t h . T h a t ' s when we knew he was g o i n g t o b e g i n t e l l i n g s t o r i e s .

15 THE WIDOWER AND

HIS L I T T L E GIRL

Once upon a t i m e t h e r e was a w i d o w e r who l i v e d i n a h o u s e i n t h e woods and he had a l i t t l e g i r l . She was a n i c e g i r l . She d i d t h e t i d y i n g up and had h i s m e a l s r e a d y when he came home from work. He b e g a n t h i n k i n g t h a t maybe i t w o u l d be b e t t e r i f he g o t m a r r i e d a g a i n so h i s l i t t l e g i r l w o u l d h a v e more t i m e t o play. N o t f a r away l i v e d a l a d y , a w i d o w , and she had two g i r l s . He t h o u g h t he w o u l d go t h e r e and s e e h e r . I n t h e e v e n i n g , when t h e y had f i n i s h e d e a t i n g

16

he s a i d , " I ' l l be b a c k i n a l i t t l e w h i l e . I want t o go t h e r e and v i s i t h e r . " He l e f t . T h a t ' s w h e r e he w e n t . They a g r e e d t h a t t h e y would j o i n f a m i l i e s . Tomorrow t h e y w o u l d g e t m a r r i e d . Then he came b a c k and he t o l d h e r ( h i s d a u g h t e r ) t h a t he was g e t t i n g married again. She d i d n ' t s a y a n y t h i n g b e c a u s e s h e f e l t he was lonesome because h e r mother had d i e d . I n t h e m o r n i n g he l e f t t o be m a r r i e d . A f t e r i t was o v e r he came b a c k a f t e r h i s l i t t l e girl. They h a d a g r e e d t h a t t h e y w o u l d

17

move i n t o h e r p l a c e b e c a u s e i t was b i g g e r . She ( h i s d a u g h t e r ) had j u s t f i n i s h e d p a c k i n g when he came b a c k a f t e r h e r . Then t h e y l e f t and w e n t t h e r e t o l i v e . She was s o n i c e when t h e y a r r i v e d . She showed h e r w h e r e h e r s l e e p i n g q u a r t e r s w o u l d b e . They (man a n d w i f e ) g o t up e a r l y i n t h e m o r n i n g . She made h i m b r e a k f a s t a n d she made h i s l u n c h . And he l e f t t o go t o w o r k . A s s o o n a s he was o u t o f s i g h t s h e w e n t up t o wake h i s d a u g h t e r . "Come o n , g e t u p ! You h a v e a l o t o f w a s h i n g t o d o ,

18

there's a b i g p i l e of washing." She jumped up and s t a r t e d c a r r y i n g water. She s t i r r e d up t h e f i r e and p u t t h e p a i l s on f o r t h e w a t e r t o h e a t . W h i l e s h e was w a i t i n g f o r t h e w a t e r t o h e a t s h e g a t h e r e d up t h e d i r t y c l o t h e s a n d c h a n g e d t h e s h e e t s . When s h e f i n i s h e d s h e got h e r s e l f a l i t t l e b i t of b r e a k f a s t . B u t she c o u l d n ' t e a t v e r y much b e c a u s e , s h e , t h e woman, k e p t y e l l i n g a t h e r t o h u r r y u p . So t h e n she washed t h e d i s h e s t h e y had u s e d . She p u t on t h e t u b a n d p u t t h e t h i n g s i n . She t o o k down t h e w a s h b o a r d a n d s t a r t e d s c r u b b i n g the c l o t h e s . When s h e f i n i s h e d

19

she r i n s e d them o f f . When s h e f i n i s h e d a l l o f t h a t she hung o u t the c l o t h e s . She h a d a l o n g l i n e o f c l e a n , w h i t e c l o t h e s . I t was j u s t a b o u t noon when s h e f i n i s h e d . Then h e r ( t h e widow's) g i r l s g o t u p . And t h e y b e g a n y e l l i n g , t h e y w a n t e d h e r t o f i x them some­ t h i n g t o e a t . So s h e f i x e d them a l l s o m e t h i n g t o e a t . As s o o n a s t h e y g o t t h r o u g h e a t i n g t h e y jumped up, t h e y r a n o u t t o p l a y . So she had t o do t h e c l e a n i n g up a g a i n , s h e washed d i s h e s a g a i n . She was j u s t f i n i s h e d when

20

she ( t h e widow) a p p e a r e d a g a i n and s a i d , "You c a n ' t go o u t t o p l a y u n t i l y o u g e t t h r o u g h s c r u b b i n g t h e f l o o r . " So s h e s t a r t e d t o s c r u b the f l o o r . When s h e f i n i s h e d w a s h i n g t h e f l o o r s h e w e n t o u t a n d g o t t h e c l o t h e s o f f t h e l i n e and f o l d e d them u p . And a s s h e f i n i s h e d a l l t h a t i t was a l r e a d y t i m e f o r h e r t o s t a r t t o c o o k a g a i n s i n c e h e r f a t h e r was c o m i n g home. So s h e s t a r t e d t o c o o k . She was j u s t a b o u t t h r o u g h when t h e o l d l a d y a p p e a r e d , "You c a n go o u t and p l a y f o r a w h i l e . " S h e , t h e o l d l a d y , was t h e one b u s y i n t h e k i t c h e n when he came home. T h i s i s t h e way t h i n g s w e r e ,

21

t h e y were making a s l a v e o u t o f h e r . T h i s went on f o r a few weeks. One e v e n i n g w h i l e t h e y w e r e e a t i n g s u p p e r he was p r a i s i n g them, how i n d u s t r i o u s t h e y w e r e . I t was a l w a y s s o n i c e and t i d y w h e r e t h e y w e r e l i v i n g , and t h e f o o d was a l w a y s o n t h e t a b l e when he g o t home. T h i s l a d y t h a t g i v e s l u c k , she was w a t c h i n g t h i s f a m i l y and how t h e y w e r e l i v i n g . She c o u l d n ' t h e l p h e r s e l f s o she a p p e a r e d . She h a d o n a w h i t e d r e s s d e c o r a t e d w i t h s e q u i n s . Then s h e t o l d him how much o f a s l a v e t h e y w e r e m a k i n g o u t o f h i s d a u g h t e r .

22

She ( h i s d a u g h t e r ) s a t t h e r e and l i s t e n e d b u t she n e v e r s a i d a w o r d . Then t h e l a d y t h a t g i v e s l u c k s a i d , "Your d a u g h t e r i s so w e l l - m a n n e r e d , she d o e s n ' t e v e n j e r k t h i n g s a r o u n d , she d o e s e v e r y t h i n g she i s t o l d . " He r e a l l y f e l t u n h a p p y a t w h a t he h e a r d . He j u s t made t h i n g s t o u g h e r f o r h e r by g e t t i n g m a r r i e d a g a i n . And t h e l u c k - g i v e r s a i d , " T h i s i s w h a t I w i l l do f o r h e r , I am going t o g i v e her l u c k , your l i t t l e g i r l . B e c a u s e she i s s u c h a n i c e g i r l , she w o r k s h a r d and i s w e l l - m a n n e r e d . E v e r y s t e p she t a k e s t h e r e w i l l be a s i l v e r c o i n . "

23

The l a d y ' s d a u g h t e r s a s k e d , "What l u c k a r e y o u g o i n g t o g i v e u s ? " The l u c k - g i v e r s a i d , " I t ' s n o t up t o me t h e k i n d o f l u c k I g i v e y o u , i t ' s j u s t how y o u e a r n e d y o u r l u c k , t h a t ' s t h e l u c k y o u ' l l get." She s a i d , " E v e r y t i m e one w i l l s p e a k a s n a k e w i l l come o u t o f h e r m o u t h . And t h e o t h e r , a f r o g w i l l come o u t . " And t h e n he g r a b b e d h i s l i t t l e g i r l ' s arm. They went o u t and w e n t back t o t h e i r c a b i n . And t h e y became v e r y w e a l t h y , he and h i s daughter.

24 THE YOUNG F L I R T

Once upon a t i m e a g r o u p o f young b o y s was s t a n d i n g a r o u n d a store, talking. They were t a l k i n g a b o u t who h a d t h e b e s t g i r l ­ friend. T h e r e was one b o y who c o n s i d e r e d h i m s e l f n i c e - l o o k i n g . And he s t a r t e d , Oh, he h a d s o many g i r l f r i e n d s ! Sometimes he h a d two, t h r e e g i r l f r i e n d s d u r i n g t h e n i g h t because a l l t h e young g i r l s r e a l l y l i k e d h i m . W h i l e t h e y were t a l k i n g , t h e y saw a y o u n g g i r l c o m i n g down t h e r o a d .

25

She was r e a l l y d r e s s e d up. Her s h o e s w e r e r e a l l y s h i n y . She had a n i c e , p r i n t e d s k i r t on. And she had a b r i g h t r e d b l o u s e on. She had on a b i g b r i m h a t . They c o u l d n ' t see h e r f a c e t o see w h a t she l o o k e d l i k e . She had l o n g h a i r and i t was a b i t curly. And now t h e y o u n g f e l l o w s a i d , " I f o u n d a n o t h e r g i r l ­ friend. J u s t watch!" He f i x e d h i s c l o t h e s and combed h i s h a i r . When she came n e a r he s p o k e t o h e r . She d i d n ' t e v e n

26

l o o k a t h i m , s h e j u s t k e p t r i g h t on g o i n g r i g h t p a s t h i m . Then he f o l l o w e d h e r . He k e p t t a l k i n g w i t h h e r and f l i r t i n g w i t h h e r . She w o u l d n ' t s a y a n y t h i n g , s h e w o u l d n ' t l o o k , she j u s t k e p t r i g h t on g o i n g . Then he b e g a n t o wonder so he g r a b b e d h e r t o l o o k a t her. He was s t a r t l e d when he saw what s h e l o o k e d l i k e . Her f a c e was o n l y b o n e s . She was o n l y a s k e l e t o n . He g o t so s c a r e d t h a t he j u s t s t o p p e d r i g h t t h e r e , he c o u l d n ' t go on any f u r t h e r .

27

He j u s t s t o o d t h e r e . The y o u n g b o y s who w e r e s t a n d i n g a r o u n d o u t s i d e t h e s t o r e b e g a n t o l a u g h a t him. They w e r e l a u g h i n g a t him b e c a u s e t h e y t h o u g h t t h e y f o u n d someone who d i d n ' t w a n t , who c o u l d n ' t be b o t h e r e d w i t h him. They w e r e j u s t s t a n d i n g t h e r e laughing. F i n a l l y , he was a b l e t o move, so he t u r n e d a r o u n d b a c k t o where t h e y o u n g b o y s w e r e s t a n d i n g . He c o u l d n ' t t e l l them what h a p p e n e d t o h i m b e c a u s e he was so s c a r e d t h a t he s t i l l couldn't t a l k . And so t h i s young f e l l o w s t o p p e d b e i n g so c o c k y .

28 WHY

THE BEAR HAS NO

TAIL

Once upon a t i m e , t h e b e a r had a l o n g t a i l , j u s t l i k e t h e f o x ' s t a i l now. The way i t h a p p e n e d was t h a t i t was w i n t e r t i m e b u t i t was a r e a l n i c e d a y , t h e s u n was s h i n i n g . They had t h e u r g e t o go f o r a w a l k , t h e b e a r a n d t h e f o x . O n l y t h e f o x was on t h e o t h e r side of the r i v e r . I t was w a l k i n g a r o u n d , l o o k i n g a r o u n d . They A l l o f a s u d d e n , he ( t h e f o x ) were wandering a l o n g t h i s r i v e r . n o t i c e d a b l a c k s p o t f a r away on t h e i c e . He d e c i d e d h e ' d go and see w h a t i t was.

29

He w e n t t o see w h a t was h a p p e n i n g . The c l o s e r he g o t t h e more he c o u l d s e e . F i n a l l y , he c o u l d s e e i t was a young f e l l o w and he had a c h a i r t h a t was s i t t i n g on t h e i c e . He c o u l d see t h a t t h e boy was f i s h i n g . T h e r e was a s t i c k s t a n d i n g t h e r e and e v e r y t i m e he c a u g h t a f i s h he w o u l d hang t h e f i s h on t h e s t i c k . It was a m a z i n g how many he had s t r u n g o u t (on t h e s t i c k ) . And he smacked h i s l i p s t h i n k i n g how good t h e f i s h w o u l d b e , t h e y w e r e such n i c e f i s h . He w e n t s n e a k i n g a l o n g v e r y s l o w l y s o t h a t t h e

30

b o y w o u l d n ' t n o t i c e h i m . When he g o t c l o s e enough t o r e a c h t h e s t i c k he p u l l e d up t h e s t i c k v e r y q u i c k l y and q u i c k l y he w a l k e d away a c r o s s t h e i c e . He w a l k e d v e r y f a s t , he d i d n ' t w a n t t h e y o u n g f e l l o w t o n o t i c e t h a t he h a d s t o l e n h i s f i s h . Then he met the bear. He ( t h e f o x ) h a d t h e s t i c k i n h i s mouth w i t h t h e f i s h h a n g i n g f r o m i t . The b e a r s a i d , "Where d i d y o u g e t a l l t h o s e fish?" He ( t h e f o x ) s a i d , "Oh, I c u t a h o l e i n t h e i c e and I s t u c k my t a i l i n t h e r e a n d

31

a f i s h w o u l d b i t e on i t , t h e n I p u l l e d my t a i l o u t a g a i n . Then I p u t my t a i l b a c k i n . " He s a i d , " I h a v e t o go o n , I'm i n a hurry." So he w e n t v e r y f a s t . T h e n , t h e b e a r w a n t e d some f i s h . The b e a r s t r u g g l e d t o c u t a h o l e i n t h e i c e u n t i l f i n a l l y he made a h o l e b i g enough t o p u t h i s t a i l i n . Then he p u t h i s t a i l i n t h e r e and he s a t t h e r e . He was s i t t i n g t h e r e f o r a w h i l e and he decided to check. He p u l l e d h i s t a i l o u t o f t h e w a t e r and t h e r e

32

w e r e no f i s h , b u t t h e n he remembered t h e f o x t e l l i n g h i m n o t t o g i v e u p . He s a i d i t s o m e t i m e s t a k e s a l o n g t i m e f o r them t o b i t e . Then he p u t h i s t a i l b a c k i n a g a i n . The h o t s u n made t h e b e a r very sleepy. He f e l l a s l e e p . When he woke up a g a i n t h e s u n w a s n ' t s h i n i n g a n y m o r e , i t was d a r k . Then he remembered h i s t a i l was s t u c k i n s o m e t h i n g and he t h o u g h t t h e r e m u s t be a l o t o f f i s h on i t , b i t i n g i t . Then he s t o o d up b u t he c o u l d n ' t p u l l h i s t a i l out. Then he t h o u g h t he w o u l d h a v e t o u s e a l l o f h i s s t r e n g t h

33

to p u l l h i s t a i l out. He f i x e d h i s f o o t i n g , t h e n he j e r k e d . I t r e a l l y h u r t h i m . When he l o o k e d he d i d n ' t h a v e a t a i l . When he l o o k e d he n o t i c e d i t h a d f r o z e n o v e r w h i l e he was w a i t i n g t o c a t c h some f i s h . H i s t a i l was s t u c k i n t h e i c e . T h a t ' s t h e r e a s o n , i t i s s a i d , t h a t he h a s no t a i l , t h e b e a r .

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ORTHOGRAPHIC AND ABBREVIATORY CONVENTIONS The t e x t s a r e w r i t t e n i n a p h o n e m i c o r t h o g r a p h y u s i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g symbols: a e i 0 A u

Vowels l o w , c e n t r a l , unrounded m i d , f r o n t , unrounded h i g h , f r o n t , unrounded mid, back, weakly rounded mid, c e n t r a l , unrounded, n a s a l h i g h , back, rounded, n a s a l

n 1 w y

Résonants alveolar nasal alveolar lateral velar glide palatal glide

k t s

Obstruents v e l a r stop a l v e o l a r stop alveolar fricative

h

Laryngeals g l o t t a l stop laryngeal glide

:

Suprasegmentals accent (higher pitch) vowel l e n g t h

?

Note t h a t t h e o b s t r u e n t s a r e v o i c e d i n t e r v o c a l i c a l l y and wordi n i t i a l l y before vowels; elsewhere they are v o i c e l e s s . The s e q u e n c e s t s y and t s i a r e p r o n o u n c e d [ d 3 ] , t h s y and t h s i a r e pronounced [tζ]. U n d e r l i n e d v o w e l s i n d i c a t e v o i c e l e s s v o w e l s which o c c u r i n u t t e r a n c e - f i n a l p o s i t i o n (see Lounsbury, 1953: 33-34). C a p i t a l i z e d l e t t e r s r e p r e s e n t e p e n t h e t i c v o w e l s . The s o n o r a n t c o n s o n a n t s (n 1) and g l i d e s (w y) a r e g r o u p e d t o g e t h e r by I r o q u o i a n i s t s a s " r e s o n a n t " c o n s o n a n t s b e c a u s e t h e y t r i g g e r c e r t a i n phonological processes. The a b b r e v i a t i o n s u s e d i n i d e n t i f y i n g morphemes i n t h e s e c o n d l i n e o f t h e m o r p h o l o g i c a l a n a l y s i s a r e g i v e n below. In recent y e a r s W a l l a c e C h a f e and o t h e r I r o q u o i a n l i n g u i s t s h a v e d i s c u s s e d a l t e r n a t i v e t e r m i n o l o g i e s t o t h e one u s e d by L o u n s b u r y ( 1 9 5 3 ) , ( s e e , f o r e x a m p l e , M i t h u n a n d Woodbury, 1980) . However, I h a v e d e c i d e d t o use L o u n s b u r y ' s terms s i n c e h i s work i s t h e s t a n d a r d r e f e r e n c e f o r Oneida and, i n a d d i t i o n , these a r e t h e terms w i t h w h i c h Oneida t e a c h e r s a r e most f a m i l i a r . 34

35 AMB AOR CAUS CIS COIN CONT CONTR DAT DIM DIST DU FUT IMP INCH INDEF INST ITER JOIN NEG

ambulative a o r i s t mode causative cislocative coincident continuative contrastive dative diminutive distributive dualic f u t u r e mode i m p e r a t i v e mode inchoative i n d e f i n i t e mode instrumental iterative stem-joiner negative, negative particle

NOM NSF NUM P PART PERF PL PLUR POSS PROG PUNC PURP REF REM SRF SER TRANS UN 0

nominalizer noun s u f f i x numeral syntactic particle partitive p e r f e c t i v e aspect perfective plural pluralizer p o s s e s s i v e pronoun progressive punctual aspect purposive reflexive remote p a s t semi-reflexive s e r i a l aspect translocative i n f e c t i v e (undoer) empty morph

P r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x e s d i s t i n g u i s h c a t e g o r i e s o f p e r s o n , number, gender. The f o l l o w i n g a b b r e v i a t i o n s a r e u s e d : 1 f i r s t person 2 second person unspecified t h i r d person M masculine F feminine-indefinite Z feminine-zoic N neuter inclusive IN EX exclusive unspecified singular d dual plural p dp non-singular The f e m i n i n e - i n d e f i n i t e g e n d e r i n c l u d e s r e f e r e n c e t o p e r s o n s i n g e n e r a l ( ' p e o p l e ' ) a n d i n d e f i n i t e r e f e r e n c e t o any p e r s o n ('some­ one') as w e l l a s r e f e r e n c e t o a r e s p e c t e d f e m a l e p e r s o n . The f e m i n i n e - z o i c i n c l u d e s r e f e r e n c e t o a f e m a l e p e r s o n and any animal. A p r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x may be s u b j e c t i v e ( a b b r e v i a t e d S) o r o b j e c t i v e ( a b b r e v i a t e d 0) o r t r a n s i t i v e . I n a t r a n s i t i v e pro­ nominal p r e f i x t h e s u b j e c t o r agent i s separated from t h e o b j e c t or p a t i e n t by a s l a s h . I n t h e t h i r d v e r s i o n o f t h e t e x t s t h e morphemes a r e g i v e n i n t h e i r u n d e r l y i n g r e p r e s e n t a t i o n ( i n a more a b s t r a c t t h e o r e t i c a l f r a m e w o r k t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n w o u l d p r o b a b l y be c o n s i d e r e d i n t e r ­ m e d i a t e between u n d e r l y i n g and s u r f a c e ) so as t o i l l u s t r a t e t h e most common m o r p h o p h o n e m i c p r o c e s s o f O n e i d a . These p r o c e s s e s are d e s c r i b e d i n Appendix I I . A l s o i n Appendix I I a r e the r u l e s which p r e d i c t s t r e s s and vowel l e n g t h . and

36

INTRODUCTION

37

38

39

40

THE WIDOWER AND HIS L I T T L E GIRL

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49 THE YOUNG F L I R T

50

51

52

53 WHY THE BEAR HAS NO T A I L

54

55

56

57

58

APPENDIX I PARTICLE

SEQUENCES

The s t r i n g s o f p a r t i c l e s l i s t e d b e l o w o c c u r f r e q u e n t l y i n t h e texts. I t s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t , i n t h e t e x t s , t h e same p a r t i c l e may o c c u r i n b o t h s t r e s s e d and u n s t r e s s e d v a r i a n t s d e p e n d i n g on where t h e p a r t i c l e o c c u r s i n t h e i n t o n a t i o n a l , o r r h y t h m i c a l , p a t t e r n o f t h e s e n t e n c e (the word " s e n t e n c e " i s used l o o s e l y here). I t was f e l t t h a t t h e s t r e s s s h o u l d be m a r k e d a s i t o c c u r s i n t h e tape r e c o r d i n g , t h e r e b y i n d i c a t i n g t h e rhythm p r e s e n t i n O n e i d a s p e e c h , w i t h t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h a t someone e l s e r e a d i n g t h e s e t e x t s o r t e l l i n g t h e same s t o r i e s may s t r e s s the p a r t i c l e s d i f f e r e n t l y . "well that's

why'

'just i n a l i t t l e

while'

' j u s t as soon a s ' 1

r i g h t away'

'that's i t ' ' t h a t ' s when' ' t h a t ' s when' 'because' 'O.K., a l r i g h t ' 'then

again'

•also ( i t ) ' ' t h a t ' s when t h i s o n e ' ' t h a t ' s when t h a t o n e ' i n d i c a t e s change o f s u b j e c t i n d i c a t e s change o f 'this very 'the

i n s t a n t , no m a t t e r w h a t '

o t h e r one'

' a n o t h e r one 'even t h o u g h ' 59

subject

still'

APPENDIX I I PHONOLOGICAL RULES I n t h e f o l l o w i n g r u l e s "C" r e f e r s t o o b s t r u e n t s ( t k s) and r e s o n a n t c o n s o n a n t s (n l w y ) , "R" r e f e r s t o r e s o n a n t c o n s o n a n t s , and "V" r e f e r s t o v o w e l s . 1.

h i s l o s t w o r d - i n i t i a l l y b e f o r e C.

2.

h i s l o s t b e f o r e Ch and b e f o r e a w o r d - f i n a l

3.

h i s lost after

4.

h i s l o s t b e t w e e n two o b s t r u e n t s ( t h e f e a t u r e i d e n t i f i e s obstruents). [-sonorant] [-sonorant]

5.

h i s l o s t b e t w e e n s and a r e s o n a n t

6.

?

C.

CC. [-sonorant]

consonant

i s l o s t b e f o r e h.

7.

An 1 w h i c h b e l o n g s t o l o s t i f the p r e f i x i s pheme i n t h e word ( i n is lost only before a

8.

The s e q u e n c e a + i i s r e p l a c e d by A i f t h e a i s t h e f i n a l e l e m e n t o f a p r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x and t h e i i s t h e i n i t i a l e l e m e n t o f a v e r b o r noun s t e m .

9.

The s e q u e n c e ( w ) a ( ) + w a i s r e p l a c e d by u when t h e s e q u e n c e i s c o n t a i n e d i n morphemes w h i c h r e p r e s e n t a p r e p r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x + p r o n o m i n a l p r e f i x ( + noun/verb stem).

10.

11.

the masculine pronominal p r e f i x i s p r e c e d e d b y a t l e a s t one o t h e r mor­ a s i n g u l a r s u b j e c t i v e p r e f i x the 1 stem b e q i n n i n q i n a , i , o r C ) .

?

I n a sequence

o f two v o w e l s t h e f i r s t v o w e l i s d r o p p e d .

(Note t h a t r u l e 10 m u s t a p p l y a f t e r r u l e 7; n o t e a l s o t n a t i n a s e q u e n c e o f two v o w e l s , w h e r e t h e f i r s t v o w e l i s u , o, o r e, and t h e s e c o n d v o w e l i s a o r i , t h e s e c o n d v o w e l , and not the f i r s t v o w e l , i s dropped.) An i i s i n s e r t e d i n i t i a l l y i n v e r b f o r m s w h i c h h a v e f e w e r t h a n two v o w e l s ( r u l e 10 a p p l i e s a f t e r r u l e 8 b u t b e f o r e r u l e 1).

60

61 12.

W and

13.

W i s dropped before

14.

W and

15.

The

the

y a r e v o c a l i z e d w o r d - f i n a l l y and

a round

before

a word-final

?

vowel.

y are dropped w o r d - i n i t i a l l y

i n nouns

only.

s e q u e n c e hkw+ha becomes khwa.

The r u l e s i n 16. t o 18. a s s i g n word s t r e s s and v o w e l l e n g t h ; r u l e s i n 19. a r e c o n d i t i o n e d by t h e p o s i t i o n o f s t r e s s .

16.

The p e n u l t i m a t e v o w e l o f a word i s s t r e s s e d . Note t h a t n e i t h e r e p e n t h e t i c e (represented E i n the morphological a n a l y s i s ) n o r t h e s t e m - j o i n e r v o w e l ( r e p r e s e n t e d A) " c o u n t " i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e p e n u l t i m a t e v o w e l i f t h e y a r e i n an open s y l l a b l e , t h a t i s i f t h e y p r e c e d e CV.

17.

A s t r e s s e d v o w e l i s l e n g t h e n e d i f i t i s i n an o p e n s y l l a b l e , o r i f i t i m m e d i a t e l y p r e c e d e s hR o r C . The h and ? a r e subsequently deleted. ?

18.

The s t r e s s s h i f t s f r o m a p e n u l t i m a t e , l e n g t h e n e d v o w e l I f the r e ­ f o l l o w e d by a s i n g l e C t o t h e f i n a l v o w e l . s u l t i n g s t r e s s e d vowel i s w o r d - f i n a l the penultimate vowel i s shortened. But, i f the r e s u l t i n g s t r e s s e d vowel i s f o l l o w e d by ? t h e s t r e s s e d v o w e l i s l e n g t h e n e d and t h e ? is lost.

19.

A post-tonic A post-tonic l o w e d by RV.

?

h

i s r e p l a c e d by h i f i t i s f o l l o w e d by CV. ( i n c l u d i n g h from ) i s l o s t i f i t i s f o l ­ And, i s l o s t f o l l o w i n g V:CV and b e f o r e RV. ?

?

REFERENCES CITED

A n t o n e , A n g e l a , e t a l . 1981. Tekalihwaté:tha . D e p a r t m e n t o f I n d i a n A f f a i r s and N o r t h e r n D e v e l o p m e n t , O n t a r i o R e g i o n . 1

L o u n s b u r y , F l o y d G. 1953. Oneida Verb Morphology. U n i v e r s i t y P u b l i c a t i o n s i n A n t h r o p o l o g y 48.

Yale

M i c h e l s o n , K a r i n , and M e r c y D o x t a t o r . 1981. Oneida Language Drills. L o n d o n , O n t . : The C e n t r e f o r R e s e a r c h and T e a c h i n g of Canadian N a t i v e Languages, U n i v e r s i t y of Western O n t a r i o . M i t h u n , M a r i a n n e , and H a n n i Woodbury, e d s . 1980. Northern Iroquoian Texts. IJAL-NATS M o n o g r a p h No. 4. Chicago: U n i v e r s i t y of Chicago P r e s s .

62

MERCURY SERIES PUBLICATIONS

PUBLICATIONS DE LA COLLECTION MERCURE Chaque d i v i s i o n du Musée n a t i o n a l de l'Homme ( l e s d i v i s i o n s de l ' H i s t o i r e , l'éducation et des a f f a i r e s c u l t u r e l l e s , et l e s programmes n a t i o n a u x , l e S e r v i c e canadien d ' E t h n o l o g i e , l a Commission archéologique du Canada, l e Centre canadien d'études sur l a c u l t u r e t r a d i t i o n e l l e et l e Musée canadien de l a G u e r r e ) , f o u r n i t des a r t i c l e s à l a C o l l e c t i o n Mercure. On peut l e s commander de l a source c i - d e s s o u s , en adressant une demande accompagnée d'un chèque libellé au nom du Receveur général du Canada.

Each component of the N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man, (History, Educational and C u l t u r a l A f f a i r s and N a t i o n a l Programmes D i v i s i o n s , Canadian Ethology S e r v i c e , A r c h a e o l o g i c a l Survey o f Canada, Canadian Centre f o r F o l k C u l t u r e S t u d i e s and the Canadian War Museum), p r o v i d e s papers f o r p u b l i c a t i o n i n the Mercury S e r i e s . These are a v a i l a b l e from the f o l l o w i n g address on r e c e i p t of a cheque made payable t o the R e c e i v e r General o f Canada.

Order S e r v i c e s Publishing Division N a t i o n a l Museums o f Canada Ottawa, O n t a r i o K1A 0M8

S e r v i c e des commandes D i v i s i o n de l'édition Musées nationaux du Canada Ottawa (Ontario) K1A 0M8

At present the Canadian Ethnology S e r v i c e Mercury S e r i e s c o n s i s t s o f the f o l l o w i n g papers:

Le S e r v i c e canadien d ' E t h n o l o g i e déjà contribué à l a C o l l e c t i o n Mercure l e s numéros s u i v a n t s :

a

1972 No.

1

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF TRADITIONAL KUTCHIN CLOTHING IN MUSEUMS. Judy Thompson. 92 p. $1.00

A n a l y s i s and comparison of Kutchin costumes l o c a t e d i n North American European museums, t a k i n g two garments o f the N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man (Canadian Ethnology S e r v i c e ) as s t a r t i n g p o i n t . No.

2

SARCEE VERB PARADIGMS.

Eung-Do Cook.

51 p.

$1.00

O u t l i n e of the ways i n which Sarcee v e r b stems can be c l a s s i f i e d i n t o paradigmatic s u b - c l a s s e s whose i n f l e c t i o n a l behaviours are d e s c r i b a b l e regular processes.

63

and

as

64

No.

3

GAMBLING MUSIC OF THE COAST SALISH INDIANS. Wendy Bross S t u a r t . 114 p . $1.25

Study o f the p a r t i c u l a r v a r i a t i o n s o f the S l a h a l game and the music which accompanies i t . S l a h a l i s an I n d i a n game p l a y e d on the Northwest c o a s t among the S a l i s h p e o p l e s i n B r i t i s h Columbia and Washington S t a t e .

1973 No. 4 O.P.

ETHNOLOGY DIVISION: Annual Review, 1972. 52 p., 13 p l a t e s , 2 maps, on r e q u e s t .

No.

A THOUSAND WORDS OF MOHAWK.

5

E d i t e d by B a r r i e Reynolds.

Gunther M i c h e l s o n .

186 p .

$2.00

B r i e f , r e l a t i v e l y n o n - t e c h n i c a l i n t r o d u c t i o n t o Mohawk grammar f o l l o w e d by a r o o t l i s t from Mohawk t o E n g l i s h and E n g l i s h t o Mohawk. No.

6

INKONZE: Mag i c o - R e l i g i o u s B e l i e f s o f C o n t a c t - T r a d i t i o n a l Chipewan Trading a t F o r t R e s o l u t i o n , NWT, Canada. David M e r r i l l Smith. 21 p. 75

Study o f the r o l e o f s u p e r n a t u r a l 1 y adept people o f a Chipewan group, i n r e l a t i o n t o c u r i n g , d i v i n a t i o n , s o c i a l c o n t r o l , a g g r e s s i o n , foodquest and leadership. No.

7

THE MIDDLE GROUND: S o c i a l Change i n an A r c t i c Community, 1967-1971. J o e l S. S a v i s h i n s k y and Susan B. Frimmer. 54 p., 1 map, 2 f i g u r e s , 2 t a b l e s . $1.25

Study which from a h o l i s t i c p e r s p e c t i v e examines v a r i o u s s t r e s s e s , sources and coping techniques w i t h i n the C o l v i l l l e Lake Community with s p e c i a l emphasis upon the p e o p l e ' s response t o the s o c i a l and economic changes which have o c c u r r e d w i t h i n r e c e n t y e a r s . No.

8

A GRAMMAR OF AKWESASNE MOHAWK. 249 p . $2.50

Nancy B o n v i l l a i n .

P r e s e n t a t i o n o f the g e n e r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f Mohawk; d e f i n i t i o n o f the word and word f o r m a t i o n , completed by a d i s c u s s i o n o f the phonemics and morphophonemics. The major p a r t o f the grammar i s concerned with the s t r u c t u r e and use o f the v e r b s .

65

1974 No.

9

PEOPLE OF TETLIN, WHY ARE YOU SINGING? 241 p., 6 maps, Marie-Françoise Guédon. 14 c h a r t s , 26 f i g u r e s . $3.00

Study o f the s o c i a l l i f e of the Upper Tanana Indians whose l i f e i s based on m a t r i l i n e a l k i n groups d i v i d e d i n t o two m o i e t i e s . The apparent d i s c r e p a n c i e s between the d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s o f t h e i r s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n are d i s c o v e r e d to be a normal aspect of the s o c i a l system. No.

10

PAPERS IN LINGUISTICS FROM 1972 CONFERENCE ON E d i t e d by M i c h a e l K. F o s t e r . 118 p. $1.50

IROQUOIAN RESEARCH.

Two of the f i v e papers by N. B o n v i l l a i n and H. Woodbury d e a l with noun i n c o r p o r a t i o n i n Mohawk and Onondaga. The paper by M. Mithun d e a l s with word o r d e r i n T u s c a r o r a . The remaining two papers, one on Mohawk by G. M i c h e l s o n , the other on E r i e by R. Wright, pose e t h n o h i s t o r i c a l q u e s t i o n s based on l i n g u i s t i c a n a l y s i s o f primary s o u r c e s . No.

11

MUSEOCINEMATOGRAPHY: Ethnographic F i l m Programs o f The N a t i o n a l Museum on Man, 1913-1973. David W. Zimmerly. 103 p., 22 f i g u r e s . $1.50

T h i s paper d e t a i l s the h i s t o r y o f ethnographic filmmaking at the N a t i o n a l Museums o f Canada d a t i n g from the Canadian A r c t i c e x p e d i t i o n o f 1913-17, when George H. W i l k i n s shot what may be the e a r l i e s t scenes o f Eskimo f i l m e d anywhere, to 1973. A c a t a l o g u e o f f i l m s and footage i s i n c l u d e d along w i t h b i o g r a p h i c a l notes on the more important filmmakers, as w e l l as d e t a i l e d shot l i s t s of s e l e c t e d f i l m s . No.

12

ETHNOLOGY DIVISION: Annual Review, 1973. E d i t e d by B a r r i e Reynolds. 65 p., on r e q u e s t .

No.

13

RIDING ON THE FRONTIER'S CREST: Mahican Indian C u l t u r e and C u l t u r e Change. Ted J . B r a s s e r . 91 p., 5 p l a t e s , 1 map. $1.25

T h i s study c o n t a i n s a d e t a i l e d summary o f the h i s t o r y and changing c u l t u r o of the Mahican i n d i a n s , o r i g i n a l l y i n h a b i t i n g the Hudson V a l l e y i n New York S t a t e . S i n c e the h i s t o r y o f the Mahican i s c l o s e l y i n t e r r e l a t e d with t h a t o f t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g I r o q u o i s Conference, i t a l s o c o n t r i b u t e s to a more balanced view o f I r o q u o i s h i s t o r y .

66

No.

14

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ATHAPASKAN LANGUAGES. R i c h a r d T. P a r r . 330 p., 5 maps. $3.50

T h i s b i b l i o g r a p h y b r i n g s t o g e t h e r the r e l e v a n t m a t e r i a l s i n l i n g u i s t i c s , a n t h r o p o l o g y , archaeology, f o l k l o r e , and ethnomusicology f o r the Athapaskan I n d i a n languages. A p p r o x i m a t e l y 5,000 e n t r i e s , o f which o n e - f o u r t h have been annotated, as w e l l as maps and census f i g u r e s . No.

15

SOME ASPECTS OF THE GRAMMAR OF THE ESKIMO DIALECTS OF CUMBERLAND PENINSULA AND NORTH BAFFIN ISLAND. Kenn Harper. 95 p., 1 map. $1.25

T h i s study a n a l y s e s some o f the grammar o f two d i a l e c t a l a r e a s o f C e n t r a l Cumberland P e n i n s u l a and North B a f f i n I s l a n d . While not d e a l i n g Arctic: i n d e t a i l with a l l a s p e c t s o f the Eskimo grammar, i t c o n c e n t r a t e s on an a n a l y s i s o f noun and v e r b s t r u c t u r e s . I t a l s o i n c l u d e s the use o f the dual p e r s o n . No.

16

AN EVALUATIVE ETHNO-HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE MALECITE INDIANS. M i c h a e l H e r r i s o n . 260 p. $2.75

T h i s b i b l i o g r a p h y aims at a complete coverage o f primary s o u r c e s , both p u b l i s h e d and u n p u b l i s h e d , f o r M a l e c i t e e t h n o l o g y . A n n o t a t i o n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r the student and complete q u o t a t i o n s from those i n a c c e s s i b l e works which c o n t a i n l i t t l e t h a t i s r e l e v a n t . No.

17

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST CONGRESS OF THE CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SOCIETY. E d i t e d by Jerome H. Barkow. 226 p. $3.00

In t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n , the r e a d e r w i l l f i n d ten o f the major papers p r e s e n t e d d u r i n g f i v e o f the S e s s i o n s . A l s o i n c l u d e d are d i s c u s s i o n summaries o f t h r e e S e s s i o n s where no formal papers were p r e s e n t e d . No.

18

KOYUKUK RIVER CULTURE. A n n e t t e McFadyen C l a r k .

282 p., 5 maps.

$3.25

The Koyukuk R i v e r C u l t u r e i s a comparative study o f s e l e c t e d a s p e c t s o f the m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e o f the Koyukuk Koyukon Athapaskan Indians and t h e Kobuk and Nunamiut Eskimos who share c o n t i g u o u s areas i n i n t e r i o r Northern A l a s k a .

67

No.

19

ETHNOBOTANY OF THE BLACKFOOT INDIANS. John C. H e l l s o n and Morgan Gadd. 138 p., 37 p l a t e s .

$2.00

T h i s study documents B l a c k f o o t p l a n t use as i t was p r o v i d e d by e l d e r l y informants l i v i n g today, s c h o o l e d i n the t r a d i t i o n o f p l a n t u s e s . Uses o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 100 s p e c i e s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n t o p i c a l form: r e l i g i o n and ceremony, b i r t h c o n t r o l , m e d i c i n e , horse m e d i c i n e , d i e t , c r a f t and folklore. No.

20

FROM THE EARTH TO BEYOND THE SKY: An Ethnographic Approach to f o u r Longhouse I r o q u o i s Speech E v e n t s . M i c h a e l K. F o s t e r . 448 p., 8 t a b l e s , 16 f i g u r e s . $5.00

T h i s study i s an a n a l y s i s o f f o u r s t r u c t u r a l l y r e l a t e d r i t u a l s o f the Longhouse I r o q u o i s o f Southern O n t a r i o : the T h a n k s g i v i n g Address, the Great Feather Dance, the S k i n Dance and the Tobacco I n v o c a t i o n . T r a n s c r i b e d and t r a n s l a t e d t e x t i n c l u d e d as a p p e n d i c e s .

1975 No.

21

BELLA COOLA CEREMONY AND ART. Margaret A S t o t t . 153 p., 11 f i g u r e s ,

16 p l a t e s .

$2.25

The aim of t h i s study i s to lend e t h n o l o g i c a l importance t o a c o l l e c t i o n o f m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e , by r e v e a l i n g the r e l a t i o n s h i p o f B e l l a Coola ceremonialism and a r t with other a s p e c t s o f s o c i e t y , and o f f e r i n g an a n a l y t i c a l summary o f B e l l a C o o l a a r t s t y l e . Contemporary ceremonialism and a r t are a l s o d e s c r i b e d and a n a l y s e d . No.

22

A BASKETFUL OF INDIAN CULTURE CHANGE. Ted J . B r a s s e r . 121 p., 74 f i g u r e s . $2.00

A n a l y s i s o f the d e c o r a t i v e p a t t e r n s on a b o r i g i n a l woven and woods p l i n t b a s k e t r y , which r e v e a l s the t e n a c i o u s s u r v i v a l o f b a s i c a r t i s t i c concepts o f a b o r i g i n a l o r i g i n . The woodsplint t e c h n i q u e was adopted by the Indians to adapt t h e i r c r a f t s to White Market. E t h n o h i s t o r i c a l v a l u e o f museum c o l l e c t i o n s i s demonstrated. No.

23

PAPERS OF THE SIXTH ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE, E d i t e d by W i l l i a m Cowan. 399 p. $4.50

1974.

The S i x t h algonquian Conference was h e l d i n Ottawa, October 4-6, 1974. I t was an i n t e r - d i s c i p l i n a r y c o n f e r e n c e embracing archaeology, h i s t o r y , ethnology and l i n g u i s t i c s , and t h i s c o l l e c t i o n comprises most o f the papers p r e s e n t e d .

68

No. 24

CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SERVICE: Annual Review, 1974. E d i t e d by B a r r i e Reynolds. 71 p., 13 p l a t e s , 2 maps, on r e q u e s t .

No. 25

A CONTEXTUAL STUDY OF THE CARIBOU ESKIMO KAYAK. Eugene Y. Arima. 275 p., 3 maps, 31 f i g u r e s . $3.25

A f t e r a d i s c u s s i o n o f the p l a c e o f m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e s t u d i e s i n modern a n t h r o p o l o g y , t h e author shows t h e c o n t i n u i t y o f the C a r i b o u Eskimo kayak form from the B i r n i k c u l t u r e . The r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f g e n e r a l kayak development i s g i v e n i n d e t a i l as w e l l as a thorough coverage o f c o n s t r u c t i o n and use o f the kayak. No. 26

A PLACE OF REFUGE FOR ALL TIME: M i g r a t i o n o f the American i n t o Upper Canada 1830-1850. James A. C l i f t o n . 152 p., 3 maps, 7 p l a t e s . $2.25

Potawatomi

T h i s monograph c o n t a i n s a study o f t h e movement o f a l a r g e p o r t i o n o f the Potawatomi I n d i a n t r i b e from t h e s t a t e s o f Indiana, I l l i n o i s , W i s c o n s i n and M i c h i g a n i n t o Upper Canada i n t h e p e r i o d 1830-1850. I t a l s o examines the Canadian evidence t o shed some l i g h t on not w e l l understood f e a t u r e s o f Potawatomi s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n and e c o l o g i c a l a d a p t a t i o n s i n the f i r s t decades o f t h e 19th c e n t u r y . No. 27

PROCEEDINGS: Northern Athapaskan Conference, 1971. E d i t e d by A. McFadyen C l a r k (2 v o l s ) . 803 p., 14 maps, 13 f i g u r e s , 23 t a b l e s . $9.25

The seventeen papers on Northern Athapaskan r e s e a r c h i n ethnology, l i n g u i s t i c s , and a r c h a e o l o g y p u b l i s h e d i n these two volumes were p r e s e n t e d at t h e N a t i o n a l Museum o f Man N o r t h e r n Athapaskan Conference i n March 1971. The papers a r e p r e f a c e d by a s h o r t i n t r o d u c t i o n which o u t l i n e s t h e r a t i o n a l e and accomplishments o f the Conference. No. 28

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND CONGRESS, CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL. I £ I I . E d i t e d by J i m Freedman and Jerome H. Barkow. 723 p., 2 maps, 31 f i g u r e s , 9 t a b l e s , 3 p l a t e s . $10.75

These Proceedings a r e o f t h e Second Annual Conference o f t h e Canadian Ethnology S o c i e t y , h e l d i n February 1975 a t Winnipeg, Manitoba. The f i r s t volume i n c l u d e s papers p r e s e n t e d a t two o f the e i g h t s e s s i o n s : "Myth and C u l t u r e " and "The Theory o f Markedness i n S o c i a l R e l a t i o n s and Language". In the second volume a r e grouped t h e papers r e a d a t t h e s i x remaining s e s s i o n s : "Contempory Trends i n C a r r i b b e a n Ethnology", " A f r i c a n Ethnology", "Anthropology i n Canada", "The Crees and the Geese", " E a r l y M e r c a n t i l e E n t e r p r i s e s i n A n t h r o p o l o g i c a l P e r s p e c t i v e s " and " V o l u n t e e r e d Papers". An a b s t r a c t i n French and E n g l i s h precedes each paper.

69

1976

No.

29

A PROTO-ALGONQUIAN DICTIONARY. $3.25 210 p.

George F.

Aubin.

T h i s d i c t i o n a r y c o n t a i n s n e a r l y 2,3000 P r o t o - A l g o n q u i a n r e c o n s t r u c t i o n s . Each e n t r y c o n t a i n s : the Proto-Algonquian r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , i t s source and E n g l i s h g l o s s and the forms c i t e d i n support o f the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n . An E n g l i s h - P r o t o - A l g o n q u i a n index i s a l s o i n c l u d e d . No. 30 O.P.

CREE NARRATIVE: E x p r e s s i n g the p e r s o n a l meanings o f events. Richard J . Preston. 316 p., 3 f i g u r e s , 1 photograph. $3.50

N a r r a t i v e o b t a i n e d from the E a s t e r n Cree Indians o f James Bay, Quebec, are c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e i r v a r i o u s f u n c t i o n s w i t h i n the Cree c u l t u r e . The author p r i v i l e g e s an i n d u c t i v e approach f o r t h i s study. No.

31

CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY, 1975. David Brez C a r l i s l e . 359 p., 127 p l a t e s .

E d i t e d by $4.50

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s 7 papers on e t h n o l o g i c a l s u b j e c t s . Four of them are on m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e (Day, Damas, Arima and Hunt), one on r i t u a l s ( S t e a r n s ) , one on g e n e r a l ethnography (Smith), one on e t h n o h i s t o r y ( G i l l e s p i e ) and one on c u l t u r a l change (Rogers and Tobobondung). No.

32

ESKIMO MUSIC BY REGION: A Comparative Circumpolar Study. Thomas F. Johnston. 222 p., 38 p l a t e s , 9 m u s i c a l t r a n s c r i p t i o n s . $2.75

Study of A l a s k a n Eskimo music, as p a r t o f a d i s t i n c t western m u s i c a l complex, compared w i t h Eskimo music i n C e n t r a l and E a s t e r n Canada and Greenland.

70

Les d o s s i e r s s u i v a n t s sont distribués g r a t u i t e m e n t par l e Chef du S e r v i c e canadien d ' E t h n o l o g i e , Musée n a t i o n a l de 1'Homme :

The f o l l o w i n g papers are being d i s t r i b u t e d g r a t i s by the C h i e f , Canadian Ethnology S e r v i c e , N a t i o n a l Museum of Man:

No. 33 O.P.

LA CULTURE MATERIELLE DES INDIENS DU QUEBEC: mocassins et toboggans. C a r o l e Lévesque. 156 p., 47 f i g u r e s , 28 p l a n c h e s .

Une

étude de r a q u e t t e s ,

C e t t e étude sur l a f a b r i c a t i o n et l a décoration des r a q u e t t e s , des mocassins et des toboggans dans l e s communautés i n d i e n n e s du Québec concerne à l a f o i s des o b j e t s p r o d u i t s au 19 siècle et d ' a u t r e s p r o d u i t s actuellement. E l l e s ' i n s c r i t dans une approche récente de l a c u l t u r e matérielle où l a p r o d u c t i o n e s t étudiée en f o n c t i o n des reppoïrs sociaux à l'intérieur d e s q u e l s e l l e s'insère. e

1977 No. 34 O.P.

A PRACTICAL WRITING SYSTEM AND SHORT DICTIONARY OF (KWAKIUTL). David McC. Grubb. 251 p., 1 p l a t e .

KWAKW'ALA

The purpose of t h i s work i s t o p r e s e n t a p h o n e m i c a l l y a c c u r a t e , p r a c t i c a l s p e l l i n g system of Kwakw'ala, the language o f the Kwagulh (Kwakiutl) people. The f i r s t s e c t i o n d e a l s with the use of the p r a c t i c a l orthography w h i l e the second s e c t i o n i s a two-way, c r o s s - i n d e x e d dictionary: E n g l i s h - Kwakw'ala. No. 35 O.P.

THE INDIVIDUAL IN NORTHERN DENE THOUGHT AND COMMUNICATION: A Study i n S h a r i n g and D i v e r s i t y . Jane C h r i s t i a n and P e t e r Gardner. 419 p.

M.

The volume r e p o r t s some of the p r e l i m i n a r y f i n d i n g s o f a c o l l a b o r a t i v e study o f thought and communication among members o f one Mackenzie d r a i n a g e Dene community. S u b p r o j e c t s , on a s p e c t s o f communication and l e a r n i n g , on shared and d i v e r s e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s and p r o c e s s e s having t o do with t r a p p i n g , f i s h i n g , and e x p l o i t a t i o n o f moose, are r e p o r t e d . No. 3 6 O.P.

SHAMATTAWA: The S t r u c t u r e of S o c i a l A l g o n k i a n Band. David H. Turner and 12 p l a t e s , 8 f i g u r e s .

R e l a t i o n s i n a Northern Paul Wertman. 124 p.,

T h i s study aims to t e s t a t h e o r y o f North A l g o n k i a n s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n developed through a s t r u c t u r a l a n a l y s i s o f A u s t r a l i a n h u n t e r - g a t h e r e r s o c i e t i e s and a c r i t i c a l r e a d i n g of Northern A l g o n k i a n l i t e r a t u r e .

71

No. 37 O.P.

SOME GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS OF LABRADOR INUTTUT (ESKIMO): A Survey o f t h e I n f l e c t i o n a l Paradigms o f Nouns and V e r b s . Lawrence R. Smith. 98 p., 59 t a b l e s .

T h i s grammatical s k e t c h surveys t h e nominal and v e r b a l paradigms o f t h e d i a l e c t i n c u r r e n t usage among the Laborador I n u i t o f t h e A t l a n t i c C o a s t .

1978 No. 38 O.P.

SWAN PEOPLE: A Study o f t h e Dunne-za Prophet Robin R i d i n g t o n . 132 p., 20 p l a t e s .

Dance.

The prophet dance, a complex o f b e l i e f s and p r a c t i c e s among n o r t h w e s t e r n n a t i v e people, i s s t u d i e d from the myths and o r a t o r i e s c o l l e c t e d among the Dunne-za o r Beaver Indians o f the upper Peace R i v e r . No. 39 O.P.

NEIGHBORS AND INTRUDERS: An E t h n o h i s t o r i c a l E x p l o r a t i o n o f the Indians o f Hudson's R i v e r . E d i t e d by Laurence M. Hauptman and Jack C a m p i s i . 285 p., 29 p l a t e s , 3 f i g u r e s .

U t i l i z i n g new a r c h a e o l o g i c a l , e t h n o h i s t o r i c a l and l i n g u i s t i c p e r s p e c t i v e s , t h e p r e s e n t volume i s aimed as a s t a r t i n g p o i n t f o r f u t u r e i n t e r - d i s c i p l i n a r y r e s e a r c h i n t h e f i e l d o f study o f the Indians o f the Hudson R i v e r . No. 40

PAPERS FROM THE FOURTH ANNUAL CONGRESS, 1977. CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SOCIETY. E d i t e d by R i c h a r d J . P r e s t o n . 431 p., 15 t a b l e s , 14 f i g u r e s , 3 maps.

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s s e l e c t e d papers p r e s e n t e d a t t h e F o u r t h Annual Congress o f t h e Canadian E t h n o l o g y S o c i e t y i n H a l i f a x , February 23-27, I t i n c l u d e s papers on s u b j e c t s such as m a r i t i m e ethnology, Micmac 1977. r e s e a r c h , f o l k l o r e , f r i e n d s h i p , p r o p e r t . and ownership, wage l a b o u r m i g r a t i o n , and t h e concept o f s t r a n g e r . No. 41

THE EFFECTS OF ACCULTURATION ON ESKIMO MUSIC OF CUMBERLAND PENINSULA. M a i j a M. L u t z . 167 p., 5 maps, 2 t a b l e s , v i n y l r e c o r d .

The purposes o f t h i s study a r e as f o l l o w s : to examine the types o f music which a r e performed and l i s t e n e d t o i n Pangnirtung today, t o d i s c u s s the c u l t u r a l c o n t e x t o f the music, t o p l a c e p r e s e n t - d a y music i n a h i s t o r i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e , and f i n a l l y t o f o r m u l a t e reasons and j u s t i f i c a t i o n s f o r changes that have taken p l a c e i n music.

72

No.

42

A PRACTICAL DICTIONARY OF John Asher Dunn. 155 p.

THE

COAST TSIMSHIAN LANGUAGE.

T h i s T s i m s h i a n / E n g l i s h d i c t i o n a r y o f more than 2250 e n t r i e s g i v e s to researchers p r a c t i c a l t r a n s c r i p t i o n , morphological information, English g l o s s e s and p h o n e t i c t r a n s c r i p t i o n , showing the l o c a l v a r i a n t s . No. 43 O.P.

CONTEXTUAL STUDIES OF MATERIAL CULTURE. David W. Zimmerly. 58 p., 29 f i g u r e s .

Edited

by

T h i s c o l l e c t i o n o f f i v e papers surveys the g e n e r a l f i e l d of m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e s t u d i e s and i n c l u d e s s p e c i f i c r e c e n t c o n t e x t u a l s t u d i e s o f North American I n d i a n and Eskimo m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e . No.

44

ALGONQUIN DIALECT RELATIONSHIPS IN NORTHWESTERN QUEBEC. Roger G i l s t r a p . 70 p., 4 i l l u s t r a t i o n s .

T h i s r e p o r t examines d i a l e c t r e l a t i o n s h i p s ( l e x i c o n , phonology and grammar) which e x i s t between the f i v e A l g o n q u i n communities o f Amos, Lac Simon, Winneway, Maniwaki and Rapid Lake of northwestern Quebec. No. 45 O.P.

A SURVEY OF Lawrence R.

THE DERIVATIONAL POSTBASES OF Smith. 128 p.

LABRADOR INUTTUT (ESKIMO).

The c o r e o f t h i s work i s a d i c t i o n a r y o f d e r i l v a t i o n a l p o s t b a s e s i n c u r r e n t usage by the I n u i t of the Labrador Coast. Each e n t r y i n c l u d e s the I n u t t u t form i n phonemic orthography, morphophonemic s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , a semantic c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n i n E n g l i s h , notes on i d i o s y n c r a t i c p r o p e r t i e s and examples o f use. An i n t r o d u c t i o n to Labrador I n u t t u t word-formation i s a l s o p r o v i d e d .

1979 No. 46 O.P.

ESKIMO ECONOMICS: An Aspect o f C u l t u r e Change at Rankin I n l e t . W i l l i a m Hugh Jansen I I . 162 p., 11 i l l u s t r a t i o n s .

T h i s r e p o r t i s an i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o the development o f f o u r d i s t i n c t economic s t r a t e g i e s by the Eskimos o f Rankin I n l e t , Northwest Territories: economic s p e c i a l i z a t i o n ; economic g e n e r a l i z a t i o n ; e n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p ; and, dependence upon s o c i a l a s s i s t a n c e . No. 47 INUIT ADOPTION. Lee Guemple. 131 p. O.P. T h i s study o f f e r s a d e s c r i p t i o n and a n a l y s i s o f the s o c i a l and c u l t u r a l a s p e c t s o f t r a d i t i o n a l and contemporary a d o p t i v e p r a c t i c e s among the Inuit.

73

No. 48 O.P.

SOLSTICE-ALIGNED BOULDER CONFIGURATIONS IN SASKATCHEWAN. A l i c e B. Kehoe and Thomas F. Kehoe. 73 p., 8 p l a t e s , 15 f i g u r e s .

E l e v e n Saskatchewan p r e h i s t o r i c boulder c o n f i g u r a t i o n s are i n v e s t i g a t e d to determine whether t h e i r r o c k c a i r n s and l i n e s are l i k e l y to have been a l i g n e d to a s t r o n o m i c a l phenomena. No. 49 O.P.

CASE AND CONTEXT IN INUKTITUT (ESKIMO). Ivan Kalrnar. 159 p., 1 map.

The author i n v e s t i g a t e s the use o f the three simple sentence types with both s u b j e c t and o b j e c t i n the I n u k t i t u t language. No.

50

CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN LINGUISTICS. E r i c P. Hamp, Robert Howren, Quindel King, Brenda M. Lowery and R i c h a r d Walker. 118 p., 7 t a b l e s , 1 f i g u r e .

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s f i v e papers on l i n g u i s t i c s u b j e c t s : t h r e e are on the Athapaskan languages o f Dogrib (Howren 1968), C e n t r a l C a r r i e r (Walker 1966), and C h i l c o t i n (King 1968); one on B l a c k f o o t (Lowery 1964); and, one on A l g o n q u i n (Hamp 1974). No.

51

CONTES INDIENS DE LA BASSE COTE NORD DU Rémi Savard. 99 p.

SAINT LAURENT.

Ce volume c o n t i e n t quatorze contes montagnais provenant de François B e l l e f l e u r de La Romaine et de P i e r r e P e t e r s de S a i n t - A u g u s t i n sur l a Basse Côte Nord du S a i n t Laurent. I l s ont été r e c u e i l l i s de 1970 à 1975. No.

52

THE CONTEXT OF THE INFORMANT NARRATIVE PERFORMANCE: From S o c i o l i n g u i s t i c s t o E t h n o l i n g u i s t i c s at F o r t Chipewyan, A l b e r t a . Ronald S c o l l o n . 80 p., 1 map.

The a u t h o r demonstrates how n a r r a t i v e s t r u c t u r e at F o r t Chipewyan, A l b e r t a i s h i g h l y s e n s i t i v e t o the s i t u a t i o n o f the n a r r a t i v e performance. No. 53 O.P.

HOOPER BAY KAYAK CONSTRUCTION. David W. Zimmerly. 118 p., 84 f i g u r e s , 89 photographs, 1 map, 5 blueprints.

T h i s i l l u s t r a t e d monograph d e t a i l s the c o n s t r u c t i o n process o f a 4.6 m (15') Bering Sea-type kayak made i n the Yupik Eskimo-speaking community o f Hooper Bay, A l a s k a i n October and November of 1976. I n s t r u c t i o n s and f u l l - s i z e b l u e p r i n t s f o r the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a working r e p r o d u c t i o n o f t h i s kayak are i n c l u d e d .

74

No.

54

SUFFIXES OF THE BAFFIN ISLAND.

ESKIMO DIALECTS OF CUMBERLAND PENINSULA AND Kenn Harper. 123 p.

NORTH

T h i s paper a n a l y z e s the d e r i v a t i o n a l s u f f i x e s o f the two c l o s e l y r e l a t e d The Eskimo d i a l e c t s o f Cumberland P e n i n s u l a and North B a f f i n I s l a n d . s u f f i x e s are presented i n a d i c t i o n a r y format and a l l v a r i a n t s o f a s u f f i x are l i s t e d i n a l p h a b e t i c a l sequence. No.

55

A REFERENCE GRAMMAR FOR THE John Asher Dunn. 91 p.

COAST TSIMSHIAN LANGUAGE.

T h i s i s a n o n - t e c h n i c a l i n t r o d u c t i o n to the phonology, morpholohy, and syntax of Coast T s i m s h i a n as spoken i n M e t l a k a t l a , A l a s k a , Port Simpson, K i t k a t l a , H a r t l e y Bay, and P r i n c e Rupert, B r i t i s h Columbia. It c o n t a i n s s e c t i o n s on p r o n u n c i a t i o n , sound changes, word f o r m a t i o n (morpholohy), syntax, b a s i c sentence types and t h e i r grammatical r e l a t i o n s h i p s and p r o v i d e s an e x p l a n a t i o n of the p r a c t i c a l o r t h o g r a p h y c u r r e n t l y i n use. No. 56 O.P.

ASPECTS OF INUIT VALUE SOCIALIZATION. Jean L. B r i g g s . 63 p.

T h i s volume t a k e s a s e r i o u s look at " p l a y " i n I n u i t s o c i e t y by a r g u i n g t h a t " p l a y " c o n t a i n s p r o c e s s e s e s s e n t i a l t o the c r e a t i o n , maintenance and i n t e r n a l i z a t i o n o f the c e n t r a l v a l u e s o f I n u i t s o c i e t y . No. 57 ATHAPASKAN WOMEN: L i v e s and Legends. J u l i e C r u i k s h a n k . 202 p. O.P. T h i s volume c o n t a i n s e x c e r p t s i l l u s t r a t i n g the changing themes i n Athapaskan c u l t u r e which were taken from i n d i v i d u a l b o o k l e t s p r e v i o u s l y prepared by the author on the f a m i l y and p e r s o n a l h i s t o r y and legends o f seven Athapaskan women l i v i n g i n the Yukon T e r r i t o r y . No.

58

CHIPEWYAN MARRIAGE.

Henry S. Sharp.

108

p.,

17 f i g u r e s .

T h i s volume i n v e s t i g a t e s the o p e r a t i o n o f the k i n s h i p system o f the M i s s i o n Chipewyan. It examines the u t i l i z a t i o n o f k i n s h i p terms, and c o n f l i c t i n h e r e n t i n t h i s group of C a r i b o u - E a t e r Chipewyan and an a n a l y s i s of m a r r i a g e and the r o l e of a f f i n e s i s i n c l u d e d . No.

59

EIGHT INUIT MYTHS/INUIT UNIPKAAQTUAT PINGASUNIARVINILIT. T r a n s c r i b e d and t r a n s l a t e d by A l e x . S p a l d i n g . 102 p.

E i g h t N a s s i l i n g m i u t ( C e n t r a l A r c t i c I n u i t ) myths a r e g i v e n a r o u g h l y morphemic t r a n s l a t i o n as w e l l as a l i t e r a r y t r a n s l a t i o n i n t o E n g l i s h with p r e f a c e and g l o s s a r y i n c l u d e d .

75

No.

60

INUIT SONGS FROM ESKIMO POINT Ramon P e l i n s k i , Luke Suluk, Lucy Amarook. v i n y l record.

122

p.,

12

illustrations,

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s f o r t y - o n e I n u i t songs o f the t r a d i t i o n a l genres o f the a j a j a i t , animal songs and c h i l d r e n ' s game songs c o l l e c t e d i n Eskimo P o i n t , N.W.T. i n 1977. A l l songs appear i n I n u k t i t u t with E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n s and are accompanied by the m u s i c a l n o t a t i o n .

1980 No.

61

THE KYUQUOT WAY: Susan M. Kenyon.

A Study o f a West Coast (Nootkan) Community. 193 p., 8 f i g u r e s , 9 t a b l e s .

T h i s i s an account o f a modern West Coast (Nootkan) Indian community i n h i s t o r i c a l perspective. Contemporary settlement p a t t e r n s , house s t y l e s , economic o c c u p a t i o n s , s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n , p o l i t i c a l developments and c e r e m o n i a l a c t i v i t i e s and the e v o l u t i o n of these forms are d i s c u s s e d . No.

62

PAPERS FROM THE FIFTH ANNUAL CONGRESS, 1978. CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SOCIETY. E d i t e d by Joan Ryan.

150

p.,

4 figures.

T h i s volume c o n t a i n s a b s t r a c t s and s e l e c t e d papers p r e s e n t e d at the Annual Congress of the Canadian Ethnology S o c i e t y i n London, February 23-26, 1978. No.

63

THE 314

Fifth

HARE INDIANS AND THEIR WORLD. Hiroko Sue Hara. p., 5 maps, 55 f i g u r e s , 15 p l a t e s , 25 t a b l e s .

T h i s paper d e s c r i b e s the l i f e o f the Hare Indians o f the F o r t Good Hope a r e a , i n the Mackenzie R i v e r b a s i n o f the Northwest and Yukon T e r r i t o r i e s i n an h i s t o r i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e . No.

64

CANOE CONSTRUCTION IN A CREE CULTURE TRADITION. J . Garth T a y l o r . 112 p., 2 maps, 9 f i g u r e s , 52 p l a t e s .

T h i s study examines E a s t e r n Cree canoe c o n s t r u c t i o n from a v a r i e t y o f a n t h r o p o l o g i c a l and h i s t o r i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e s . The f u l l y d e t a i l e d and i l l u s t r a t e d t e c h n i c a l a s p e c t s o f canoe c o n s t r u c t i o n are combined with a d e s c r i p t i o n o f the s o c i a l and economic f a c t o r s , the canoe b u i l d e r ' s view of these a c t i v i t i e s through myth and song and a d i s c u s s i o n o f the c o n t i n u i t y and change i n a l l a s p e c t s o f t r a d i t i o n a l canoe c o n s t r u c t i o n .

76

No.

65

ALGONQUIN ETHNOBOTONY: An I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f A b o r i g i n a l A d a p t a t i o n i n Southwestern Quebec. M e r e d i t h Jean B l a c k . 266 p., 15 t a b l e s , 4 maps.

T h i s monograph compiles e t h n o b o t a n i c a l d a t a r e p o r t e d and p u b l i s h e d f o r a l l A l g o n k i a n speaking groups i n e a s t e r n North America w i t h e t h n o b o t a n i c a l d a t a from f i e l d s t u d i e s w i t h A l g o n q u i n bands i n t h e Ottawa R i v e r d r a i n a g e and Cree bands i n t h e S t . Maurice d r a i n a g e i n an attempt to r e s o l v e some e c o l o g i c a l and h i s t o r i c a l problems i n western Quebec. No.

66

THE INUIT LANGUAGE IN SOUTHERN LABRADOR FROM 1694 TO 1785/ LA LANGUE INUIT AU SUD DU LABRADOR DE 1694 A 1785. Louis-Jacques Dorais. 56 p., 1 map/1 c a r t e .

T h i s monograph c o n s i s t s o f word and a f f i x - l i s t s , as w e l l as grammatical o b s e r v a t i o n s , c o n c e r n i n g t h e language o f t h e Southern Labrador I n u i t from 1694 to 1785. They were c o l l e c t o d from w r i t t e n t e x t s o f t h i s p e r i o d and show t h a t t h e language o f t h e s e 18th c e n t u r y I n u i t i s almost i d e n t i c a l w i t h t h a t o f t h e i r contemporaries i n the E a s t e r n Canadian A r c t i c . Ce t r a v a i l présente sous forme de l i s t e s de mots e t d ' a f f i x e s a i n s i que de remarques grammaticales l e s données l i n g u i s t i q u e s c o n t i n u e s dans l e s t e x t e s d'époque p r o t a n t s u r l e s I n u i t s du Labrador méridional, de 1694 à 1785. I l nous permet de c o n s t a t e r qu^ l a langue i n u i t de 1 8 siècle était, à peu de choses près, semblable à c e l l e q u i e s t parlée a u j o u r d ' h u i dans l ' A r c t i q u e o r i e n t a l c a n a d i e n . e

No.

67

THE TRAPPERS OF PATUANAK: Toward a S p a t i a l E c o l o g y o f Modem Hunters. Robert Jarvenpa. 272 p., 22 t a b l e s , 9 f i g u r e s , 6 maps, 40 p l a t e s .

T h i s study d e v e l o p s an a n a l y t i c a l framework t h a t t r e a t s s p e c i a l a r r a n g e ments o f human p o p u l a t i o n s as a fundamental form o f e c o l o g i c a l a d a p t a t i o n f o r s u b a r c t i c Indian s o c i e t i e s . The g e o g r a p h i c a l m o b i l i t y o f commercial f u r t r a p p e r s and f i s h e r m e n from t h e E n g l i s h R i v e r Chipewyan community o f Patuanak, Saskatchewan i s employed as a v a r i a b l e f o r e x p l a i n i n g t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f economic s u b s i s t e n c e c y c l e s and ongoing p r o c e s s e s o f s e t t l e m e n t system change. No.

68

NORTH WAKASHAN COMPARATIVE ROOT LIST. N e v i l l e J . L i n c o l n and John C. Rath. 426 p., 1 map.

T h i s book c o n t a i n s a l i s t i n g o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2650 r o o t s from the v a r i o u s North Wakashan languages, namely H e i l t s u k ( B e l l a B e l l a and Klemtu), Oowekyala ( R i v e r s I n l e t ) , H a i s l a ( K i t i m a t ) and Kwakwala ( A l e r t Bay, Port Hardy, e t c . ) . Each r o o t i s i l l u s t r a t e d w i t h l e x i c a l words from t h e language where i t i s r e p r e s e n t e d , cognate words being brought t o g e t h e r under a s i n g l e e n t r y and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e d t o each o t h e r as they o c c u r a t d i f f e r e n t p o i n t s i n the a l p h a b e t i c a l o r d e r . The r o o t l i s t i s preceded by c o n c i s e p h o n o l o g i e s o f each language and an e x p o s i t i o n o f t h e t e c h n i q u e s used t o i s o l a t e r o o t s i n North Wakashan.

77

No. 69 O.P.

PERSISTENT CEREMONIALISM: The P l a i n s Cree and S a u l t e a u x . Koozma J . T a r a s o f f . 247 p., 5 diagrams, 92 p l a t e s .

T h i s monograph c o n t a i n s t r a n s c r i p t s o f taped i n t e r v i e w s , p a r t i c i p a n t o b s e r v a t i o n s and sketches and photographs c o l l e c t e d i n t h e mid-1960s on the Rain Dance and Sweat Bath F e a s t o f t h e P l a i n s Cree and Saulteaux. It i l l u s t r a t e s how t h e s o c i a l group (the r i t u a l e l d e r s i n p a r t i c u l a r ) c o n t r i b u t e t o the i d e n t i t y , s t a b i l i t y and s u r v i v a l o f the n a t i v e c u l t u r e .

1981 No. 70

ANALYSE LINGUISTIQUE ET ETHNOCENTRISME: Mot en I n u k t i t u t . Ronald Lowe. 126 p.

E s s a i sur l a S t r u c t u r e du

L'analyse que propose l a présente étude de l a s t r u c t u r e du mot i n u i t , dans l e cadre de l a psychomécanique du langage, remet en cause l a v i s i o n nettement indo-européenne du langage à l a q u e l l e c o n d u i s e n t l a p l u p a r t des modèles, a n c i e n s et récents, de l a l i n g u i s t i q u e . No. 71

THE IDENTITY OF THE SAINT FRANCIS INDIANS: 2 maps, 4 f i g u r e s .

Gordon M. Day.

157 p.,

T h i s study attempts t o i d e n t i f y t h e contemporary language and c u l t u r e o f the S a i n t F r a n c i s Indians by t r a c i n g t h e i r o r i g i n s i n t h e w r i t t e n r e c o r d , g e n e a l o g i e s , o r a l t r a d i t i o n and i n language. The purpose i s t o a s s i g n the l i n g u i s t i c and e t h n o g r a p h i c d a t a o b t a i n e d from the S a i n t F r a n c i s Indians i n t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y to t h e t r i b e s known at the time o f white c o n t a c t i n the seventeenth c e n t u r y . No. 72

THE CHANGING ECONOMIC ROLES FOR MICMAC MEN AND WOMEN: An Ethnohistorical Analysis. E l l i c e B. Gonzalez. 157 p., 7 maps, 8 f i g u r e s , 12 t a b l e s .

T h i s study examines t h e a l t e r a t i o n and a d a p t a t i o n o f Micmac male and female r o l e s i n Nova S c o t i a over a p e r i o d o f f o u r hundred y e a r s i n the context o f the broader changes which t h e i r s o c i e t y e x p e r i e n c e d as i t i n t e r a c t e d with t h e dominant European c u l t u r e . No. 73

THREE STORIES IN ONEIDA: E d i t e d by K a r i n M i c h e l s o n . t r a n s l a t e d by Georgina N i c h o l a s . 77 p.

T o l d and

Three s t o r i e s i n Oneida, a Northern I r o q u o i a n language, and an i n t r o d u c t i o n , a l s o i n Oneida, a r e g i v e n w i t h an i n t e r l i n e a r t r a n s l a t i o n and a morpheme-by-morpheme a n a l y s i s .