The Works of William Sanders Scarborough : Black Classicist and Race Leader 9780199771080, 9780195309621

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The Works of

William Sanders Scarborough

The Works of William Sanders Scarborough Black Classicist and Race Leader

ij Edited by

Michele Valerie Ronnick Foreword by

Henry Louis Gates Jr.

Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2006 Oxford University Press Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York, 10016 www.oup.com/us Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Scarborough, W. S. (William Sanders), 1852–1926. [Selections. 2006] The works of William Sanders Scarborough : Black classicist and race leader / edited by Michele Valerie Ronnick. p. cm. ISBN-13: 978-0-19-530962-1 (acid-free paper) ISBN-10: 0-19-530962-6 (acid-free paper) 1. African Americans—History—1877–1964. 2. African Americans—Civil rights—History. 3. African Americans—Social conditions—To 1964. 4. African Americans—Education— History. 5. United States—Race relations. 6. United States—Politics and government— 1865–1933. 7. African Americans in literature. 8. Classical literature—History and criticism. 9. Greek language. 10. Scarborough, W. S. (William Sanders), 1852–1926—Travel. I. Ronnick, Michele V. II. Title. E185.6.S33 2006 973’.0496073—dc22 2006016675

For my brothers, Michael and David

“Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.” —Horace Mann, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, 1859

Table of Contents

Foreword

xv

Acknowledgments

xix

Introduction

xxiii

Military 1. The Negro as an Army Officer, Christian Register, August 18, 1898, pp. 933–934. 2. From Spade to Sword, Christian Register, February 23, 1899, pp. 207–208. Speeches 1. Our Political Status, a speech delivered on April 29, 1884, at the Colored Men’s Inter-state Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and printed at Xenia, Ohio, by Torchlight Job Rooms. 2. Why I Am a Republican, a speech delivered at the Lincoln Club of Columbus, Ohio, and printed in the Detroit Plaindealer, August 3, 1888. 3. The Party of Freedom and the Freedman—A Reciprocal Duty, a speech delivered on February 11, 1899, at the Lincoln Day Banquet, Dayton, Ohio, and printed in Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence, edited by Alice Dunbar (New York: Bookery Publishing, 1914). 4. The Negro Graduate—His Mission, a commencement address printed in the Atlanta University Bulletin, June 1908. Journalism 1. Journalism and Colored Journalists, People’s Advocate, November 12, 1881. vii

1 3 5 9

11 20

24 29 37 39

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2. Journalism and Colored Journalists, No. II, People’s Advocate, November 26, 1881. 3. Journalism and Colored Journalists, No. III, People’s Advocate, February 4, 1882. Introductions to Books 1. Preface to William S. Scarborough, First Lessons in Greek (New York: A. S. Barnes, 1881), pp. iii–v. 2. Introduction to Wesley J. Gaines, African Methodism in the South, or Twenty-Five Years of Freedom (Atlanta: Franklin, 1890), pp. ix–xi. 3. Introduction to James Monroe Gregory, Frederick Douglass, the Orator (Springfield, Mass.: Willey, 1893), pp. 5–12. 4. Introduction to Benjamin Tucker Tanner, The Color of Solomon—What? (Philadelphia: A.M.E. Book Concern, 1895), pp. v–viii. 5. Introduction to J. M. Conner, Doctrines of Christ, or The Teachings of Jesus (Little Rock, Ark.: Printing Department of Shorter University, 1897), pp. viii–xiii. 6. Introduction to Horace Talbert, The Sons of Allen (Xenia, Ohio: Aldine Press, 1906), pp. vii–ix. Book Reviews 1. Review of Theophilus Gould Steward’s My First Four Years in the Itineracy of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, in the Christian Recorder, December 13, 1877. 2. Review of Daniel Payne’s A Treatise on Domestic Education, in the Christian Recorder, August 27, 1885. 3. Review of H. M. Turner’s Genius and Theory of Methodist Polity, in the Christian Recorder, September 17, 1885. 4. Hale on the Art of Reading Latin, in Education 8 (November 1887): 198–202. 5. Review of Benjamin Tucker Tanner’s Dispensations in the History of the Church, in the A.M.E. Church Review 16 (1900): 360–366. 6. Review of Booker T. Washington’s The Future of the American Negro, in Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 16 (November 1900): 145–147. Obituaries 1. Bishop Payne as an Educator, Christian Recorder, January 25, 1894. 2. Obituary of William Hayes Ward, Independent, September 11, 1916. viii

42 44 47 49 51 53 57 60 63 65

67 70 75 78 82 87 91 93 96

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Biographies 1. Prof. Richard T. Greener: His Commendable Career and Claims to Recognition, Christian Recorder, February 9, 1882. 2. Hon. Frederick Douglass: One of the Most Distinguished and Honored Citizens on the American Continent, Cleveland Gazette, March 20, 1886. 3. Henry Ossian Tanner, Southern Workman 31 (December 1902): 661–670. 4. Alexandre Dumas, Southern Workman 32 ( July 1903): 313–317. 5. Alexander Sergeivitch Pushkin, Part I, Southern Workman 33 (March 1904): 162–165. 6. Alexander Sergeivitch Pushkin, Part II, Southern Workman 33 (April 1904): 234–236. 7. Roosevelt: The Man, the Patriot, the Statesman, Voice of the Negro 1, no. 9 (1904): 391–393. 8. Daniel Alexander Payne, Southern Workman 33 (December 1904): 683–688. 9. The Poet Laureate of the Negro Race, A.M.E. Church Review 31 (1914): 135–143. 10. Warren G. Harding: A Brand New President with the Old-Fashioned Belief “All Men Up and No Man Down,” Competitor 3 (1921): 7–8. Travel Narratives 1. Vacation Notes: The Cesnola Collection, Christian Recorder, August 29, 1878. 2. Summer Saunterings, No. II, Christian Recorder, September 9, 1886. 3. Summer Saunterings, No. III, Christian Recorder, September 16, 1886. 4. Summer Saunterings, No. IV, Christian Recorder, September 23, 1886. 5. Summer Saunterings, Concluded, Christian Recorder, October 21, 1886. Educcation in General 1. The Utility of Studying the Greek, part 1, Christian Recorder, April 12, 1883. 2. The Utility of Studying the Greek, part 2, Christian Recorder, August 2, 1883. ix

97

99

101 104 110 115 119 122 125 130 137 141 143 145 149 152 155 159 161 164

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3. The True Aim of Education, Southern Teachers’ Advocate 1, no. 2 (September 1905): 1–5. 4. Personal Influence: The President’s Opening Address, Sodalian 8, no. 1 (October 1913): 1–6. 5. What Should Be the Standard of the University, College, Normal School, Teacher Training and Secondary Schools (Durham, N.C.: National Training School, 1916). Education of Blacks 1. Echoes from the South, Christian Recorder, June 29, 1876. 2. Our Schools and Their Needs, Christian Recorder, March 23, 1882. 3. The New South and Hampton’s Part in It, Southern Workman 25 (October 1896): 194–195. 4. The Negro and the Trades, Southern Workman 26 (February 1897): 26–27. 5. The American Negro Academy, Leslie’s Weekly 22 (1897): 264. 6. The Educated Negro and Menial Pursuits, Forum 26 (December 1898): 434–440. 7. Booker T. Washington and His Work, Education 20 ( January 1900): 270–276. 8. The Negro and Higher Learning, Forum 33 (1902): 349–355. 9. The Educated Negro and His Mission (Washington, D.C.: American Negro Academy, 1903), Occasional Paper no. 8, pp. 3–11. 10. The Relation of the Teacher to the Moral and Social Elevation of the Race, Hampton Institute Publications 8 ( July 1904): 79–83. 11. Howard University’s Semi-Centennial, Independent, March 19, 1917, p. 505. Philology in General 1. The Negro Element in Fiction, summary, Transactions of the American Philological Association 21 ( July 1890): xlii–xliv. 2. Function and Future of Foreign Languages in Africa, Methodist Review 76 (November–December 1894): 890–899. 3. Notes on the Function of Modern Languages in Africa, summary, Transactions of the American Philological Association 27 ( July 1896): xlvi–xlviii. x

167 173 178 185 187 190 193 196 199 201 208 213 219 228 231 233 3

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4. Creole Folk-Tale: Compair Bouki and Compair Lapin, Southern Workman 25 (September 1896): 186. 5. Folklore and Ethnology: Old Saws, Southern Workman 25 (October 1896): 206. 6. Negro Folk-lore and Dialect, Arena 15 ( January 1897): 186–192. 7. Iphigenia in Euripides and Racine, summary, Transactions of the American Philological Association 29 ( July 1898): lviii–lx. 8. The Negro in Fiction as Portrayer and Portrayed, Southern Workman 28 (September 1899): 358–361. 9. Iphigenia in Euripides, Racine, and Goethe, summary, Transactions of the American Philological Association 32 ( July 1901): xxxvii–xxxviii. Classical Philology 1. The Theory and Function of the Thematic Vowel in the Greek Verb, summary, Transactions of the American Philological Association 15 ( July 1884): vi. 2. On Fatalism in Homer and Virgil, A.M.E. Church Review 2 (1886): 132–138. 3. Grote on Thuc. vi. 17 (•