The Works of Sahdona (Martyrius): With Homilies by Jacob of Sarug 9781463213145

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A Greek-English Lexicon of the N e w Testament

Gorgias Historical Dictionaries

26

The difficulty of locating historical dictionaries has long been a source of frustration for scholars. Gorgias Press seeks to address this difficulty by the introduction of a series of historic dictionaries. The Gorgias Historical Dictionaries series makes available classic sources at affordable prices.

A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament

Being Grimm's Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti. Corrected Edition

By

Carl Ludwig Willibald Grimm Edited and Translated by

Joseph Henry Thayer

1 gorgias press 2010

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2010 by Gorgias Press LLC Originally published in 1889 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC.

2010

ISBN 978-1-61719-677-5

Printed in the United States of America

1 ISSN 1935-3189

GREEK-ENGLISH

LEXICON

OF THJÎ

NEW

TESTAMENT

PREFACE.

WARDS the oloee of the year 1862, the "Arnoldisohe Bnchhandlung" in Leipzig published the First Part of a Greek-Latin Lexicon of the New Testament, prepared, upon the basis of the " Clavis Novi Testamenti Philologica" of C. G. Wilke (second edition, 2 vols. 1851), by Professor C. L. WILIBALD GRIMM of Jena. In his Prospectus Professor Grimm announced it as his purpose not only (in accordance with the improvements in classical lexicography embodied in the Paris edition of Stephen's Thesaurus and in the fifth edition of Passow's Dictionary edited by Host and his coadjutors) to exhibit the historical growth of a word's significations and accordingly in selecting his vouchers for New Testament usage to show at what time and in what class of writers a given word became current, but also duly to notice the usage of the Septuagint and of the Old Testament Apocrypha, and especially to produce a Lexicon which should correspond to the present condition of textual criticism, of exegesis, and of biblical theology. He devoted more than seven years to his task. The successive Parts of his work received, as they appeared, the outspoken commendation, of scholars diverging as widely in their views as Hupfeld and Hengsteuberg; and since its completion in 1868 it has been generally acknowledged to be by far the best Lexicon of the New Testament extant. An arrangement was early made with Professor Grimm and his publisher to reproduce the book in English, and an announcement of the same was given in the Bibliotheca Sacra for October 1864 (p. 886). The work of translating was promptly begun; but it was protracted by engrossing professional duties, and in particular by the necessity—as it seemed — of preparing the authorized translation of Lttnemann's edition of Winer's New Testament Grammar, which was followed by a translation of the New Testament Grammar of Alexander Buttmann. Meantime a new edition of Professor Grimm's work was called for. To the typographical accuracy of this edition liberal contributions were made from this side the water. It appeared in its completed form in 1879. "Admirable", "unequalled", "invaluable", are some of the epithets it elicited from eminent judges in England; while as representing the estimate of the book by competent critics in Germany a few sentences may be quoted from Professor Bcharer's review of it in the Theologisohe Literaturzeitung for January 5,1878: "The use of Professor Grimm's book for years has convinced me that it is not only unquestionably the test among existing New Testament Lexicons, but that, apart from all comparisons, it is a work

PREFACE.

VI

of the highest intrinsic merit, and one which is admirably adapted to initiate a learner into ail acquaintance with the language of the N e w Testament.

It ought to be regarded by every

student as one of the first and most necessary requisites for the study of the N e w Testament, and consequently for the study of Theology in general." B o t h Professor Grimm and his publisher courteously gave me permission to make such changes in his work as might in my judgment the better adapt i t to the needs of Englishspeaking students.

B u t the emphatic commendation it called out from all quarters, in a

strain similar to the specimens just given, determined me to dismiss the thought of issuing a new book prepared on my predecessor's as a basis, and — alike in justice to him and for the satisfaction of students — to reproduce his second edition in its integrity (with only the silent correction of obvious oversights), and to introduce my additions in such a form as should render them distinguishable at once from Professor Grimm's work. ** Explanations and Abbreviations" given below.)

(See [ ] in the list of

This decision has occasionally imposed on

me some reserve and entailed some embarrassments.

B u t notwithstanding all minor draw-

backs the procedure will, I am sure, commend itself in the end, not only on the score of justice to the independent claims and responsibility of both authors, but also on account of the increased assurance (or, at least, the broader outlook) thus afforded the student respecting debatable matters, — whether of philology, of criticism, or of interpretation. Some of the leading objects with the editor in his work of revision were stated in connection with a few specimen pages privately printed and circulated in 1881, and may here be repeated in substance as follows: to verify all references (biblical, classical, and — so far as practicable — modern); to note more generally the extrarbiblical usage of words; to give the derivation of words in cases where it is agreed upon by the best etymologists and is of interest to the general student; to render complete the enumeration of (representative) verbal forms actually found in the New Testament (and exclude all others); to append to every verb a list of those of its compounds which occur in the Greek Testament; to supply the N e w Testament passages accidentally omitted in words marked at the end with an asterisk; to note more fully the variations in the Greek text of current editions; to introduce brief discussions of N e w Testament synonyms;

to give the more noteworthy renderings not only of the

" A u t h o r i z e d V e r s i o n " but also of the Revised New Testament; to multiply cross references; references to grammatical works, both sacred (Winer, Buttmann, Green, etc.) and classical (Kühner, Krüger, Jelf, Donaldson, Goodwin, etc.); also to the best English and American Commentaries (Lightfoot, Ellicott, Westcott, Alford, Morison, Beet, Hackett, Alexander, The Speaker's Commentary, The New Testament Commentary, etc.), as well as to the latest exegetical works that have appeared on the Continent (Weiss, Heinrici, K e i l , Godet, Oltramare, etc.);

and to the recent Bible Dictionaries and Cyclopaedias (Smith, Alexander's

Kitto,

McClintock and Strong, the completed Riehm, the new Herzog, etc.), besides the various Lives of Christ and of the Apostle Paul. Respecting a few of these specifications an additional remark or two may be in place : One of the most prominent and persistent embarrassments encountered by the New Testament lexicographer is occasioned by the diversity of readings m the current editions of the Greek text.

A slight change in the form or even in the punctuation of a passage may

PREFACE.

VII

entail a change in its construction, and consequently in its classification in the Lexicon. In the absence of an acknowledged consensus of scholars in favor of any one of the extant printed texts to the exclusion of its rivals, it is incumbent on any Lexicon which aspires after general currenoy to reckon alike with them all. Professor Grimm originally took account of the text of the ' Receptustogether with that of Griesbach, of Lachmann, and of Tischendorf. In his second edition, he made occasional reference also to the readings of Tregelles. In the present work not only have the textual statements of Grimm's second edition undergone thorough revision (see, for example, "Griesbach" in the list of "Explanations and Abbreviations "), but the readings (whether in the text or the margin) of the editions of Tregelles and of Westcott and Hort have also been carefully noted. Again: the frequent reference, in the discussion of synonymous terms, to the distinctions holding in classic usage (as they are laid down by Schmidt in his voluminous work) must not be regarded as designed to modify the definitions given in the several articles. On the contrary, the exposition of classic usage is often intended merely to serve as a standard of comparison by which the direction and degree of a word's change in meaning can be measured. When so employed, the information given will often start suggestions alike interesting and instructive. On points of etymology the statements of Professor Grimm have been allowed to stand, although, in form at least, they often fail to accord with modern philological methods. But they have been supplemented by references to the works of Curtius and Fick, or even more frequently, perhaps, to the Etymological Dictionary of Vanicek, as the most compendious digest of the views of specialists. The meaning of radical words and of the component parts of compounds is added, except when it is indubitably suggested by the derivative, or when such words may be found in their proper place in the Lexicon. The nature and use of the New Testament writings require that the lexicographer should not be hampered by a too rigid adherence to the rules of scientific lexicography. A student often wants to know not so much the inherent meaning of a word as the particular sense it bears in a given context or discussion:—or, to state the same truth from another point ot view, the lexicographer often cannot assign a particular New Testament reference to one or another of the acknowledged significations of a word without indicating his exposition of the passage in which the reference occurs. In such a case he is compelled to assume, at least to some extent, the functions of the exegete, although he can and should refrain from rehearsing the general arguments which support the interpretation adopted, as well as from arraying the objections to opposing interpretations. Professor Grimm, in his Preface, with reason calls attention to the labor he has expended upon the explanation of doctrinal terms, while yet guarding himself against encroaching upon the province of the dogmatic theologian. In this particular the editor has endeavored to enter into his labors. Any one who consults such articles as a«uv, a«£nos, ficurtXtCa 'rov Oeov etc., ¿¡¿mint and its cognates, 8 O £ A , iXsrii, ¿an;, OavaTOS, deos, KOO/IOS, KvpuK, 7rurm, irvevfia, crap£, crotftia, CAI^oi and its cognates, vlos rov AvOpmron, uios rov Oeov, Xpurros, and the like, will find, it is believed, all the materials needed for a complete exposition of the biblical contents of those terms. On the comparatively few points respecting which doctrinal opinions still differ, references have been

Till

PREFACE-

added to representative discussions on both Bides, or to authors whoee views may be regarded as supplementing or correcting those of Professor Grimm. Convenience often prescribes that the archaeological or historical facts requisite to the understanding of a passage be given the student on the spot, even though he be referred for fuller information to the works specially devoted to such topics. In this particular, too, the editor has been guided by the example of his predecessor; yet with the constant exercise of self-restraint lest the book be encumbered with unnecessary material, and be robbed of that succinctness which is one of the distinctive excellences of the original. In making his supplementary references and remarks the editor has been governed at different times by different considerations, corresponding to the different classes for whose use the Lexicon is designed. Primarily, indeed, it is intended to satisfy the needs and to guide the researches of the a v e r a g e s t u d e n t ; although the specialist will often find it serviceable, and on the other hand the beginner will find that he has not been forgotten. Accordingly, a caveat must be entered against the hasty inference that the mention of a different interpretation from that given by Professor Grimm always and of necessity implies dissent from him. It may be intended merely to inform the student that the meaning of the passage is still in debate. And the particular works selected for reference have been chosen — now because they seem best suited to supplement the statements or references of the original ; now because they furnish the most copious references to other discussions of the same topic; now because they are familiar works or those to which a student can readily get access; now, again, because unfamiliar and likely otherwise to escape him altogether. It is in deference, also, to the wants of the ordinary student that the references to grammatical works — particularly Winer and Buttmann — have been greatly multiplied. The expert can easily train his eye to run over them; and yet even for him they may have their use, not only as giving him the opinion of eminent philologists on a passage in question, but also as continually recalling his attention to those philological considerations on which the decision of exegetical questions must mainly rest. Moreover, in the case of a literature so limited in compass as the New Testament, it seems undesirable that even a beginner should be subjected to the inconvenience, expense, and especially the loss of facility, incident to a change of text-books. He will accordingly find that not only have his wants been heeded in the body of the Lexicon, but that at the close of the Appendix a list of verbal forms has been added especially for his benefit. The other portions of the Appendix will furnish students interested in the history of the New Testament vocabulary, or investigating questions—whether of criticism, authorship, or biblical theology — which involve its word-lists, with fuller and more trustworthy collections than can be found elsewhere. Should I attempt, in conclusion, to record the names of all those who during the many years in which this work has been preparing have encouraged or assisted me by word or pen, by counsel or book, the list would be a long one. Express acknowledgments, however, mast 'oe made to GEORGE B. J E W E T T , D . D . , of Salem and to Professor W. W . E A T O N now of Middlebury College, Vermont,. The former has verified and re-verified ail the biblical and classical

PREFACE.

IX

references,, besides noting in the main the various readings of the critical texts, and rendering valuable aid in correcting many of the proofs; the latter has gathered the passages omitted from words marked with a final asterisk, completed and corrected the enumeration of verbal forms, catalogued the compound verbs, had an eye to matters of etymology and accentuation, and in many other particulars given the work the benefit of his conscientious and scholarly labor. To these names one other would be added were it longer written on earth. Had the lamented Dr. ABBOT been spared to make good his generous offer to read the final proofs, every user of the book would doubtless have had occasion to thank him. He did, however, go through the manuscript and add with his own hand the variant verse-notation, ID accordance with the results of investigation subsequently given to the learned world in his Excursus on the subject published in the First Part of the Prolegomena to TischendorFs Editio Octava Critica Major. To Dr. CASPAR GREGORY of Leipzig (now Professor-elect at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore) my thanks are due for the privilege of using the sheets of the Prolegomena just named in advance of their publication; and to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, Oxford, for a similar courtesy in the case of the Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scotfa Lexicon. No one can have a keener sense than the editor has of the shortcomings of the present volume. But he is convinced that whatever supersedes it must be the joint product of several laborers, having at their command larger resources than he has enjoyed, and ampler leisure than falls to the lot of the average teacher. Meantime, may the present work so approve itself to students of the Sacred Volume as to enlist their co-operation with him in ridding it of every remaining blemish — "VA O Xoyof rov icvplov rpexfl teal SO£A£ifrau

J. H . THAYER. CAXBKIDQE,

MASSACHUSETTS.

Dec. i5,

1885.

In issuing this " Corrected Edition " opportunity has been taken not only to revise, the supplementary pages (72o sq.), but to add in the body of the work (as circumstances permitted) an occasional reference to special monographs on Biblical topics which have been published during the last three years, as well as to the Fourth Volume of Schmidt's Synonymik (1886), and also to works which (like Meisterhans) have appeared in an improved edition. The Third edition (1888) of Grimm, however, has yielded little new material; and Dr. Hatch's " Essays in Biblical Greek " comes to hand too late to permit references to its valuable discussions of words to be inserted. To the correspondents, both in England and this country, who have called my attention to errata, I beg to express my thanks; and I would earnestly ask all who use the book to send me similar favors in time to come: — artXes ovStv ovSevos ptrpov. April 10, 1889.

LIST OF ANCIENT AUTHORS QUOTED

OR

REFERRED

TO

IN

THE

LEXICON.

N. B. In the preparation of this list, free use baa been made of the lists in the Lexicons of Liddell and Scott and of Sophocles, also •f Freund'a Triennlum Philologicum (1874) vols. 1. and li., of Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Boman Biography, of Smith and Waoe't Dictionary of Christian Biography, of Kngelmann's Blbllotheca Scriptorum Classlcoram (8th ed. 1880), and of other current works at reference. An asterisk (*) before a date denotes birth, an obelisk ( t ) death. B.C ACHILLES TATIUS

B.O.

A.D. 500 ?

ARETAEUS

Acts of Paul and Thecla, of Pilate, of Thomas, of Peler and Paul, of Barnabris, etc., at the earliest from . . .

2d cent on

ARISTIDES,

AELIAK

c. 180

ARISTOPHANES

ARISTAEXETUS

345

AESCHYLUS

' 5 2 5 , T456

AESOP

.

AGATHARCHIDES ALIUEUS

.

.

c. 500

ALCIPHRON

2007 610

ALEXAXDER ALEXIS

APHHODISIEN8I8

.

.

.

.

.

.

200

.

350

AMBROSE, Bp. of Milan

160 *444, t 3 8 0 .

.

.

200

*384, T322

ARRIAN (pupil and friend of Epictetns) ARTEMIDORUS

DALDIANCS

*c. 100

(oneiro-

critica)

610

ALCMAN

P. AELIUS

ARISTOTLE

1175

MYTILENAEUB

270

A R I S T O P H A N E S , the g r a m m a r i a n

570

1

AETICS

450?

ARISTEAS1

AEBCIIINES

374

160

ATHAXASIUS

T37S

ATHENAEUS, the grammarian

.

.

.

228

A T H K N A G O R A S of A t h e n s

177?

AUGUSTINE, Bp. of Hippo

t430

AUSOMCB, DECIMUS MAGNUS

.

.

.

t c . 390

ANAXIMANDER

580

ANDOCIDES

405

BAIIRIUS (see Rutherford, Babrius, Intr. eh. i.) (some say 50?) BARNABAS, Kpistlo written . . . . Bnrurh, Apocryphal Book of . . . . Basilica, the 2 BASIL THS GREAT, Bp. of Ctesarea

380

B A S I L of S e l e u c i a

AMMIANUS

MARCELLIXUS

.

.

.

.

t c. 400

AMMONIUS, the grammarian . . . . AXACREON2 .

.

.

390

.

530

AXAXANDRIDES

350

ANTIPHASES ANTIPHONAXTOXIXUS,

. . . M. AUBELIUS

.

.

.

.

tl80

A P O L L O D O R U S of A t h e n s APOLLONIUS

DYSCOLUS

APOLLONIUS

RHODIDS

140

150 160

APPULEIUS

A Q U I L A (translator of the O. T.)

.

.

ARATUS

270

ARCHILOCHÜS

700

A R C H I M E D E S , the mathematician

.

.

n t . (unter iH oHtdriu.)

250 c. 400

1 But the carrent Fables are not his; on the History of Greek Fable, see RmOurford, Babrius, Introd. ch. 11. * Only a few fragments of the odes ascribed to him are gennlne.

450 200 .

.

tMarch

CALLIMACIIUS

Canons and Constitutions, Apostolic .

200

c. 225 A 100? c.75? c. 900 t379

2d cent. ?

BION CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS

140

APPIAN

ARCHTTAS

Bel and the Dragon

412

A.D. 80?

15,44 260

u » d w> MM.

.

C A P I T O L I N U S , J C L I u s (one of the " Hist.

Angust. scriptores sex " ) . . . . CEBES CEDREXUS

c. 310 399 1050

1 Bnt his letter is spurious; see Hody, De Blbl. text. orlg. L i j A. Kurz, Artot. ep. etc (Bern 1872). 1 Tlie law-hook of the Byzantine Empire, founded upon the work of Justinian and consisting of sixty books. It was begun under the emperor Basil of Macedonia (t886), completed under his son Leo. and revised In 946 under Constantino Porphyrogenltus; (ed. Heimbach. 6 vols. 1833-70).

ANCIENT

XII

AUTHORS. BXL

CELSUS,

A.

CORNELIUS,

the

ANCIENT B.C.

A.».

writer

20 320

(ZYGADENUS)

1100

FLORUS, JULIUS

C. 125

CHARITON

450 ?

GALEN

CHRYSIPPUS of Tyana (in Athenaeus) CHRYSOSTOM, DIO, the orator, see Dio Chrys.

1

GELLIUS,

JOHN, B p . of

Constan-

tinople CICERO U O M A N U S , EPISTLE WRITTEN

.

COLUMELLA CONSTANTINUS EMPEROR FROM

150 950

GERMAN us

of

younger

c. 1280

G O R O I A S OF LEONTIUI

50

G R E G O R Y OF XAZIANZUS

T390

G R E G O R Y OF NYSSA

T395

VUITB

HARPOCRATION M

(LEXICON

180

TO THE

TEN

ATTIC ORATORS)

350?

HECATAEUS

F423

510 .

CRITIAS

411

H E G E S I P P U S (QUOTED IN EUSEBIUS) .

CTESIAS

401

H E L I O D O R U S , B P . OF TRICCA IU THESSALY

CURTIUS CYPRIAN

T257

C Y R I L OF ALEXANDRIA

T-*44

ILERACLITUS

C Y R I L OF JERUSALEM

F386

IIERMAS

430

DEMOSTHENES

500 1401 432

IIERMOGENES

170

C. 2 7 0

IIERO ALEXANDRINUS

D I D Y M U S OF ALEXANDRIA

C. 3 9 5

H E R O D I A N , THE GRAMMARIAN

D I O OASSIUS

200

H E R O D I A N , THE HISTORIAN

D I O CHRYSOSTOM

100

HERODOTUS

DIOGENES

470 LASRTIUS

C. 2 0 0

D I O N Y S I U S OF HALICARNASSUS .

.

. .

. .

500? 30

DIONYSIUS PERIEGETES DIOSCORIDES DIPHILUS OF JESUS

SON OF SIRACH; GRK. TRANS.)

.

EPICIIARMUS

.

.

E P I P I I A N I U S , B P . OF SALAMIS

.

.

.

HORACE

100

IGNATIUS

EUBULUS

T43 900? 4001 T8 T322

HYPERIDES

C. 1 1 0

I R E N A E U S , B P . OF LYONS

178

ISAEITS

f c . 196

Estiras, First Book of(Vulgate Third) lstcent.? Esdras, Second ßoofco/"( Vulgate Fourth) Either, Additions to 2d cent. ? Et f/moloyicum Magnum

(THE COUTINNATOR OF CAESAR'S

H O R A P O L L O , GRAMMARIAN C.375

T403

.

285 540

HOMER

600

ERATOSTHENES

360 430

COMMENTARIES)

*342, T 2 7 0

EPIMENIDES

450

HIPPONAX

480

EPICURUS

6001

HIPPOLYTUS

2D CENT, ON

EPICTETUS

T240 *484, T 4 0 8

11 I E R O N Y M U S , SEE JEROME.

HIRTIUS

E P H R E M SYRUB

160

RAPHER

100?

TI69

ENOCH, BOOK OF

.

IIIEROCLES

HIPPOCRATES

. C. 132 ?

EXNILS

.

HIMERIUS

THE

.

.

850?

300? 300

ECCLESIASTICUS ( W I S D O M

.

H E S Y C H I U S OF ALEXANDRIA, THE LEXICOG-

8dor3dc*nt

DIONYSIUS PAEI;LK>-AREOPAOITA

250

IIESIOD

40

DlOGNETUS, Epistle to

390

IIERMIPPUS

* 3 8 5 , F322

DIODORUS SICULUS

390?

HOMER, ARE SPURIOUS)

DB.X I PPUS, THE HISTORIAN

DIOCLES

C. 17FT

H E R A C L I D E S P O N T I C US (BUT THE ALLEG.

50

DEMOCRITUS

c- 925

the

Constantinople,

100?

911-959

CBATINCS

ATTICAE) GENESIUS

200

POEPUTROOENITUS,

CONSTITUTIONES APOSTOLICAE

NOCTEE

Geoponica (20 bks. on agriculture compiled by Cassianus Bassus) . . . .

93-97

CLEOMEDES

«131, TO. ML (AUTHOR OF

AULUS

t407 tDec.7,43

CLEMENS ALEXANDRINUS CLEMENS

A.O.

E U T I I Y M I U S Z I G A B B N U S OR ZIGADENNA

medical

CHARES

CIIRYSOSTOM,

AUTHOB*.

370

I S I D O R U S H I S P A L K N S I B , B P . OF SEVILLE

T636

*436, T 3 3 8

ISOCRATES JAMBI.ICHUS

lstcent ?

JEREMIAH, EP.

300 1 ST CENT 1

OF (6TH CH. OF BARUCH)

J E R O M E (SOPHRONIUS ( ? ) EUSEBIUS HIE-

I00G ?

RONYMNS)

T420

350

J O A N N E « DAMASCENUS

EUCLID

300

J O A N N E S MOSCHUS

T620

EL) POLIS

429

JOSF.PNCS

75

EURIPIDES E U S E B I U S , B P . OF CTESAREA1

*480, T406 .

.

.

.

175-100

JUDITH FC.340

E U S T A T H I U S OF CONSTANTINOPLE, GRAM MARIAN

730

1160

T CALLED PAMPHILI (AA FRIEND OF THE MARTYR PAMPHILNE).

J U L I A N , R O M A N EMPEROR FROM

.

.

.

361-363

J U S T I N I A N , R O M A N EMPEROR FROM

.

.

527-566

J U S T I N , THE HISTORIAN

150?

JUSTIN M A R T Y R

180

JITVKNAI

100

ANCIENT

XIII

AUTHORS.

ANCIENT

A.D.

B.O.

B.C.

310

NUMEXIUS (as quoted by Athen.)

LAMPRIDIUS, the h i s t o r i a n . . . .

310

OCELLUS LUCANUS

LEO ' Philosophas ', emperor . . . .

886

OECUMEXIUS, Bp. of Tricca

L I B A N I U S , the rhetorician

350

OLYMPIODORCS, the N e o - P l a t o n i c phi-

tl7

losopher OPPIAN of Anazarbos in Cilicia (anth. of the ¿AicvTivd) OPPIAN of Apameia in Syria (anth. of

LACTANTIUS

LITT

*53

LONOIXDS

250

LOSODS

400?

LLCAN, the epic poet LUCIAN of Samosata, the satiriat . . LUCILIUS, the Roman satirist . . . LUCRETIUS, the Roman poet . . . .

t65 160?

LTCOPHBON

tI03 t55 C. 270

LYCUROUS of Athens, the orator

.

.

t329

AUTHOÜS.

.

.

A..D.

c. 350 400?

. . . .

950? 525 180?

the itvrtiytTuci)

210?

ORIGEN

fc.254

OROSIUS PADLUS

415

Orphica, the

V tl7

OVID

LYXCEUS

800

LTSIAS, the Athenian orator, opened hia school

PAPIAS, Bp. of Hierapolis, first half of

2d cent.

410

PAUSANIAS

160

LYSIPPUS

434

PETRUS ALBXANDRINUS

MACARICS

PALAEPHATUB

C. 350

?

Maccabees, First Book of . . . 106-63 ? Maccabees, Second Book of . . . . . c. 75 ? Maccabees,'Ihird Book of c. 40? Maccabees, Fourth Book of . . . . 1st. cent 1

PHATORINUS, V A R I N C S 1

MACIION

PHILOSTRATUS

280

MACROBIUS M A L A LAS, JOHN, t h e annalist

Manasses, Prayer of MANETHO, the Egyptian priest

.

.

.

1st cent. ? . . 300

.

MABCIOX MAXIMUS T T B I U S

237 640 (in

the

Sibyl.

PHTLARCHUH

.

583 600

2d cent.

310

P L A T O , COMICUS, contemporary o f A r i -

427 *427, t347

PLAUTUS

TL84

PLINT the elder, the naturalist . . . PLINT the younger, the nephew and adopted son of the preceding . . . PLOTINUS, the philosopher . . . .

tl20

66

NEMESICS

400?

POLTBIUS

MOSCHUS

200

*90, t24

NEPOS NICANDER

NICEPHOBUS

PORPHYRY, pupil of Plotinus .

BRYBNNIUS,

the

PROCLUS, philosopher

fl359

Byzantine historian Nkodemus, Gospel of, see Acts of Pilate

1200

Protevangelium Jacobi Psalter of Solomon PSELLUS the younger, philosopher .

78 450

PROPERTIUS

torian

270 280

tU37

NICETAS ACOMINATUS ( a l s o C h o n i a t e s ) ,

NICOMACHLS GERASENUS

.

POSIDONI us, philosopher (teacher of Cicero and Pompey)

N i C E p n o B u s GBEOORAS, Byzantine his-

NILUS, the papQ and friend of John Chryaostom NOKNFS of Panopolis in Upper Egypt, the poet KDMENIDS of Apameia, the philosopher (as quoted by Origen) . . . .

.

f828

histo-

NICOLAUS DAMASCENUS

1156, Feb .23

.

POSIDIPPUS

rian

163 tl22

POLTCARP

160?

NICEPHOBUS, patriarch of Constantinople .

tllS f270 180

MUSOMIUS RUVCS

U0?

t79

PLUTARCH

POLLUX, author of the hmitaarutir . . POLTAENUS, author of the irrparirykpara

MOSCHION

1st cent, f 850 180

. *52I (4yrs.afterAeschylus),t441

Btophanes PLATO, the philosopher c. 175

MORRIS, the " A t t i c i s t " and lexicographer

50

140

325

MIMNERMUS, the poet

39

PHILODEMUB

PINDAR

.

830

Orac., q. v.) PUOTIUS (Patriarch of Constantinople) PnRYNicn us, the grammarian . . .

60

MEN ANDER, the Byzantine historian

PHILEMON, COMICUS

f

PHILO

PSEUDO-PHOCTLIDES

48

MENANDEB, t h e poet

.

6001

t h e epi-

gram. anthologies MELITU, Bp. of Sardis

.

PHOCYLIDES

geog-

rapher MELK AU ER, the f o u n d e r of

.

420

150

M E L A , POMPONIUS, the R o m a n

t3ll

PHALARIS, spurious epistles of

*48, t l 6

2d cent. 63-48? .

1050

PTOLEMY, the g e o g r a p h e r 14

PYTHAGORAS

160 531

50

QUINTILIAN, rhetorician, teacher of Pliny the younger

t95

420

QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS

380?

600?

' The Latin name of the Italian Onarlno Pavortno, who died A D. 1837, and was the author of a Greek Lexicon compiled mainly (Tom Snldaa, Heaycbltu, Harpocratlon, Emtathlus, and Phrynlchoa. 1st ed. Borne, 1523, and often elsewhere since.

c. 150

ANCIENT

XIV

AUTHOKS. B.C. » 8 6 , t35

SAL LUST

A.D.

M

Testaments of the Twelee Patriarch . 610

.

THEAGES

SENECA, L . ANNAEUS, the philosopher

AUTHORS. A.D. t230f

TRRTULLIAX

Sapientia (Sal.), see Wisdom of Solomon. SAPPHO

ANCIENT

c. 125 1 1

THEMISTIUS

355

(son of the rhetorician) Septuagint, Greek translation of O.T. c. 280-150

t65

THEOCRITUS THEODORET

420

SEXTOS EMPIRICUS

225?

THEODORUS METOCHITA

1300

Sibylline Omcles, of various dates, ranging perhaps from Si LI us ITALICUS, poet Si MON IDES of Amorgos, " lambographns " SIMON IDES of Ceos (author of the epitaph on the Spartans that fell at Thermopylae) SIMPLICIUS, the commentator on Aristotle and Epictetus Sirach, see Ecclesiasticus. SOCRATES ' Scholasticus of Constantinople, historian

170 to Hutoh«M. tlOl

620 600

489

638

!M)ZOMEN, historian STATIus, the Roman poet STOBAEUS, i. e. John of Stobi in Macedonia (compiler of AnthoL) . . . ST R A BO, the geographer *66 STKATON, epigrammatist STRATTIS, comic poet 407 SUETONIUS, the historian, friend of Pliny the younger S UÏDAS, the lexicographer . . . . Susanna 1st cent. 1

TEREKCB

450 t96 500 1 t24 1501

. . .

1078 610

1310 428

TIBULLUS

tl8

TIMAEUS, the historian of Sicily . . TIIIAEUS the Sophist, author of Lexicon to Plato TIMAEUS of Locri, Pythagorean philosopher T I MON, the " Sillographus " or satirist .

260 850« 8751 c. 279 350

Tobit TRYPHIODORUS, a versifier . . . . TZETZES, Byzantine grammarian and poet

200 ? 400 ' U50

VALERIUS MAXIMUS

30

VARRÒ, " vir Romanorum eruditissimus" (Quintil.)

t26

VEGETIUS, on the art of w a r . . . . VERGIL

420 f U9

tl60 1100?

VITRUVIUS, the only Roman writer on architecture 80 VOPIBCUS, historian (cf. Capitolinus) . C.810 Wisdom of Solomon (abbr. Sap.) . . c. 1001 XENOPHANES, founder of the Eleatic philosophy 540

2001

XF.NOPHON

(translator of the O . T .

Teaching oj the Twelve ApottU»

322

grammarian

TIMOCLES

F

TATIAN

180

. . . .

THUCYDIDES

SOPHRONIUS o f Damascus

and

160 640

THOMAS MAGISTEK, l e x i c o g r a p h e r a n d

8001

into Greek) SYNESIUS, pagan philosopher bishop of Ptolemais TACITUS

THEOGNIS

THEOPHYLACT SIMOCATTA

SOLI NUS, Burnamed Polvhistor . . Solomon, Psalms of, see Psalter etc. Solomon, Wisdom of, see Wisdom etc. SOLON, the lawgiver and p o e t . . . . 594 Sung of the Three Children . . . . 2d cent. 1 SOPHOCLES *496, t406

SYMMACIIUS

THEODOTION (translator of O. T . into Greek) before THEOPHILUS, Bp. of Antioch . . . . THEOPHRASTUS, pupil and successor of Aristotle THEOPHYLACT, Abp. of Bulgaria . .

693

SOCRATES ( i n Stobaeus)

SOTADES

280

(Anabasis)

XENOPHOV of Ephesus, romancer . . 410 ZENO of Citium . . tc.117 ZENODOTUS, first librarian at Alexanc. 160 dria Sd cent. ? ZONARAS, the chronicler M 59 ZOSIMUS, Roman historian . . . .

401

4001 290 88® U18 420

LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO MERELY BY THEIR AUTHOR'S NAME OR BY SOME EXTREME ABRIDGMENT OF THE TITLE.

Alberti = Joannes Alberti, Observation« Phflologlcae in sacros Novi Foederis Libros. Lngd. Bat., 1725. Aristotle: when p a g e s are cited, t h e reference is to the edition of the Berlin Academy (edited by Bekker and Brandis; index by Bonitz) 5 vols. 4to, 1831-1870. Of the Rhetoric, Sandys's edition of Cope (3 vols., Cambridge, 1877) has been used. Baumlein = W. Baumlein, Untersuchnngen iiber griechische Partikeln. Stuttgart, 1861. B.D. = Dr. William Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, 3 vols. Loudon, 1860-64. T h e Ainerican.edition (4 vols., N . Y . 1868-1870), revised and edited by Professors Hackett and Abbot, has been the edition used, and is occasionally referred to by the abbreviation " Am. ed." B B . D D . - Bible Dictionaries: — comprising especially the work just named, and the third edition of Kitto's Cyclop e d i a of Biblical Literature, edited by Dr. W . L. Alexa n d e r : 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1870. Bnhdy. = G. Bernhardt, Wissenschaftliche Syntax der Griechischen Sprache. Berlin, 1829. B . = Alexander Buttmann, Grammar of the New Testament Greek. (Authorized Translation with numerous Additions and Corrections by the A u t h o r : Andover, 1873.) Unless otherwise indicated, the reference is to the p a g e of the translation, with the corresponding i)age of the German original added in a parenthesis. Bttm. Ausf. Spr. or Sprchl. = Philipp Buttmann, Ausfiihrliche Griechische Sprachlehre. (2d ed., 1st voL 1830, 2d vol. 1839.) Bttm. Gram. = Philipp Buttmann's Griechische Grammatik. T h e edition used (thongh not the latest) is the twenty-first (edited by Alexander B u t t m a n n : Berlin, _ 1863). Its sections agree with those of the eighteenth edition, translated by D r . Robinson and published by H a r p e r & Brothers, 1851. W h e n t h e p a g e is given, t h e translation is referred to. Bttm. LexiL = Philipp Buttmann's Lexilogus u. s. w. (1st roL 2d ed. and 2d vol. Berlin, 1825.) T h e work was translated and edited by J . R. Fishlake, and issued in one volume by J o h n Murray, Loudon, 1836. * Bible Educator " = a collection (with the preceding name) of miscellaneous papers on biblical topics by various writers under t h e editorship of Rev. Professor E . H .

Plumptre, and published in 4 vols, (without date) by Casse 11, Petter, and Galpin. Chandler = Henry VP. Chandler, A Practical Introduction t o Greek Accentuation. Second edition, revised : Oxford, 1881.

Cremer = Hermann Cremer, Biblisch-theologisches Wörterbuch der Neutestamentlichen Gräcität. ' Third greatly enlarged and improved E d i t i o n ' : Gotha, 1883. Of the ' F o u r t h enlarged and improved E d i t i o n ' nine parts (comprising nearly two thirds of the work) have come to hand, and are occasionally referred to. A translation of the second German edition was published in 1878 by the Messrs. Clark. Curtius = Georg Curtius, Grundzöge der Griechischen Etymologie. F i f t h edition, with the co-operation of E r n s t Windisch: Leipzig, 1879. Diet, of Antiq. = Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Edited by Dr. William Smith. Second edition: Boston and London, 1869, also 1873. Diet, of Biog. = Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Edited by Dr. William Smith. 3 vols. Boston and London, 1849. Diet, of Chris. Antiq. = A Dictionary of Christian Antiquities, being a Continuation of the Dictionary of the Bible. Edited by Dr. William Smith and Professor Samuel Cheetham. 2 vols. 1875-1880. Diet, of Chris. Biog = A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines; etc. Edited by Dr. William Smith and Professor Henry W a r e : vol. i. 1877; vol. ii. 1880; vol. iii. 1882; (not yet complete). Diet, of Geogr. — Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Edited by Dr. William Smith. 2 vols. 1854-1857. Edersheim = Alfred Edershrim, T h e Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. 2 vols. Second edition, stereotyped. London and New York, 1884. Eisner = J. Eisner, Observationes sacrae in Novi Foederis libros etc. 2 vols., T r a j . ad Rhen. 1720, 1728. Etym. Magn = t h e Etymologicum Magnum (see List of Ancient Authors, etc.) Gaisford's edition (1 vol. folio, Oxford, 1848) has been used. Fick = Aw/ust Fièle, Vergleichendes Wörterbach der Indogermanischen Sprachen. Third edition. 4 vols. Göt tingen, 1874-1876.

L I S T O F BOOKS.

XVI

G ö t t l i n g = Carl Goettling, Allgemeine Lehre vom Accent der griechischen Sprache. Jena, 1835. Goodwin = W. W. Goodwin, Syntax of the Moods ami Tenses of the Greek Verb. 4th edition revised. Boston and Cambridge, 1S71. Graecus Venetns = the Greek version of the Pentateuch, Prov., Ruth, Canticles, Eccl., Lam., Dan., according to a unique MS. in the Library of St. Mark's, Venice; edited by O. v. Gebhardt. Lips. 1875, 8vo pp. 592. Green = Thomas Sheldon Green, A Treatise on the Grammar of the New Testament etc. etc. A new Edition. London, Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1862. Abo, by the same author " Critical Notes on the New Testament, supplementary to his Treatise on the Grammar of the New Testament Dialect." London, Samnel Bagster and Sons, 1867. H a m b u r g e r W . Hamburger, Real-Encyclopädie für Bibel und Talmud. Strelitz. First Part 1870; Second P a r t 1883. Herrn, ad Vig., see Vig. ed. Herrn. Herzog — Real-Encyklopadi« für Protestantische Theologie und Kirche- Edited by Herzog. 21 vols, with index, 1854-1868. Herzog 2 or ed. 2 = a second edition of the above (edited by Herzog t> Plitt t , and Hanck), begun in 1877 and not yet complete. Hesych. = Hesychius (see List of Ancient Authors, etc.) The edition used is that of M. Schmidt (5 vols. Jena, 1858-1868) Jelf = W. E. J elf, A Grammar of the Greek Language. Third edition. Oxford and London, 2 vols. 1861. (Subsequent editions have been issued, but without, it is believed, material alteration.) Kautzsch = E. Kautzsch, Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen. Leipzig, 1884. Keim = Theodor Krim, Geschichte Jesu von Nazara u. s. w. 3 vols. Zürich, 1867-1872. Klotz ad Devar. = Matthaeus Devarius, Liber de Graecae Linguae Particulis, ed. R. Klotz, Lips., vol. i. 1835, vol. ii. sect. 1, 1840, vol. ii. sect. 2, 1842. Krebs, Observv. = J. T. Krebsii Observationes in Nov. Test, e Flavio Joeepho Lips. 1755. Krüger = K. IV. Krüger, Griechische Sprachlehre f ü r Schulen. Fourth improved and enlarged edition, 1861 sq. Kypke, Observv. = G. D. Kypke, Observationes sacrae in Novi Foederis librae ex auctoribus potissimum Graeciset antiquilatibus. 2 vols. Wratisl. 1755. L . and S. = Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon etc. Seventh edition, 1883. Lob. ad Phryn., see Phryn. ed. Lob. Loesner = C F. Loesneri Observationes ad Novum Test, e Philone Alexandrino. Lips. 1777. Lghtft. = Dr. John Lightfoot, the learned Hebraist of the 17 th century. Bp. Lghtft. = J. B. Lightfoot, D.D., Bishop of Durham, tae 8th edition of his commentary on the Epistle to the Gala tians is the one referred to, the 7th edition of his commentary on Philippians, the 7th edition of his commentary on Colos8ians and Philemon. Lipsius — K. II. A. Lipsius, Grammatische Untersuchungen über die Biblische Gräcität (edited by Prof. R. A. Lipsins, the author's son). Leipzig, 1863. Matthiae = August Matthiä, Ausführlich Griechische Grammatik. Third edition, 3 Pts., Leipz. 1835.

L I S T O F BOOKS.

McC. and S. = McClintock and Strong's Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. 10 vols. 1867-1881 ; with Supplement, vol. i. (1885), vol. ii. with Addenda (1887). New York: Harperand Brothers. Meisterhans = K. Meisterhans, Grammatik der Attischen Inschriften. Berlin, 1885. (2d edition, 1888 ) M u l l a c h = F . W. A. Mullach, Grammatik der Griechischen Vulgarsprache u. s. w. Berlin, 1856. Munthe = C. F. Munlhe, Observationes philolog. in sacroe Nov. Test, libros ex Diod. Sic. collectae etc. (Hafn. et Lips. 1755.) Palairet = E. Paiairet, Observationes philol.-crit. in sacroe Novi Foederis libros etc. Lugd. Bat. 1752. Pape = W Pape, Griechisch-Deutsches Handwörterbuch. Second edition. 2 vols. Brunswick, 1866. A continuation of the preceding work is the " Wörterbuch der Griechischen Eigennamen." Third edition, edited by G. E. Benseler. 1863-1870. Passow = Franz Passow's Handwo rterbnch der Griechischen Sprache as re-edited by Rost, Palm, and others. Leipz. 1841-1857. Phiyn. ed. Lob. = Phrynichi Eclogae Nominum et Verborum Atticorum etc. as edited by C. A. Lobeck. Leipzig, 1820. (Cf. Rutherford.) PolL = Pollux (see List of Ancient Authors, etc.) The edition used is that published at Amsterdam, 1 vol. folio, 1706. (The most serviceable is that of William Dindorf, 5 vols. 8vo, Leipzig, 1824.) Pas. of Sol. = Psalter of Solomon; see List of Ancient Authors, etc. R a p h e l = G. Raphelii annotationes in Sacram Scriptnram . . . ex Xen., Polyb., Aman., et Herodoto collectae. 2 vols. Lugd. Bat. 1747. RxddeU, Platonic I d i o m s = A Digest of Idioms given as an Appendix to " The Apology of Plato " as edited by the Rev. James Riddell, M. A . ; Oxford, 1867. Riehm (or Riehm, HWB.) = Handwörterbuch des Biblischen Altertums u. s. w. edited by Professor Edward C. A. Riehm in nineteen parts (2 vols ) 1875-1884. Rutherford, New Phryn. = The New Phrynichus, being a revised text of the Ecloga of the Grammarian Phrynichus, etc., by W. Gnnion Rutherford. London, 1881. Schaff-Herzog = A Religious Encyclopedia etc. by Philip Schaff and associates. 3 vols. 1882-1884. Funk and Wagnalls, New York. Revised edition, 1887. Schenkel (or ¡Schenkel, BL.) = Bibel-Lexikon u. s. w. edited by Professor Daniel Schenkel. 5 vols. Leipz. 1869-1875. Schmidt = J. H. Heinrich Schmidt, Synonymik der Griechischen Sprache. 4 vols. Leipz. 1876, 1878, 1879, 1886. Schöttgen = Christian! Schoettgenii Horae Hebraicae et Talmudicae etc. 2 vols. Dresden and Leipzig, 1733, 1742. Schürer = Emil Schärer, Lehrbuch der Neutestamentlichen Zeitgeschichte. Leipzig, 1874. The " Second P a r t " of a new and revised edition has already appeared under the title of Geschichte des Jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi, and to this new edition (for the portion of the original work which it covers) the references have been made, although for convenience the t i t l e of the first edition has been retained. An Engiisb translation is appearing at Edinburgh (T. and T. Clark). Scrivener, F. H. A.: — A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament etc. Third Edition. Cambridge and London, 1883.

LIST OF BOOKS.

XVII

L I S T OF BOOKS.

Bezae Codex Cantabrigiensls etc. Cambridge and (In Gebhardt and Harnack's Texte und Untersuchungen London, 1864. S>s, J n . iii. 19; roc IDA/IOR.ijptv i. e. love going forth from your soul and taking up 1 J n . ii. 15 ; rbw vuv aliiva, 2 Tim. iv. 10, — b o t h which its abode as it were in ours, i. q. your love to us, 2 Co. last phrases signify to set the heart on earthly advan- viii. 7 [ W . 193 (181 s q . ) ; B. 329 ( 2 8 3 ) ] ; f u f f ipüv tages and j o y s ; Tr/v yfrv^rjv avrwv, Rev. xii. 11; farjv, i. e. is present with (embraces) you, 1 Co. xvi. 24 ; ptff 1 Pet. iii. 10 (to derive pleasure from life, render it fjfiäv i. e. seen among us, 1 J n . iv. 17. Phrases : t^tiv agreeable to himself) ; to welcome with desire, long for : ayam\v tU riva, 2 Co. ii. 4 ; Col. i. 4 [ L T T r , but W I I itjk riruf>dvfua> avrov, 2 Tim. iv. 8 (Sap. i. 1; vi. 13; Sir. br.] ; 1 Pet. iv. 8 ; ayatnjv SiSovai to give a proof of iv. 12, etc.; so of a person: jjyajnjft/, Sap. iv. 10, cf. love, 1 J n . iii. I , ¿yairäv ayenrrjv riva, J n . xvii. 26 ; Grimm ad loc.). Concerning the unique proof of love E p h . ii. 4 (v. in ayairnu, sub fin.); ay- tov mtvparos i. e. which Jesus gave the apostles by washing their feet, it enkindled by the Holy Spirit, Ro. xv. 30; 6 viot rijc is said !jya7TT)

¿-ypcva: 1 aor. fjyptva-a; (aypa); to catch (properly, bewilderment. Thus it becomes a term for wariness wild animals, fishes): fig., Mk. xii. 13 tva avr6v aypcvcn(cf. vat Kai fifp-vao-' airurrelv) against spiritual dangers Xoyq> in order to entrap him by some inconsiderate re- and beguilements, 1 Pet. v. 8, etc." Green, Crit. Notes m a r k elicited from him in conversation, cf. Lk. xx. 20. on the N. T. (note on Mk. xiii. 33 sq.).]* ( I n Anthol. it often denotes to ensnare in the toils of 4-ypvirvta, -as, ij, sleeplessness, watching: 2 Co. vi. 5 ; love, captivate; cf. irayi&tva, Mt. xxii. 1 5 ; (rayijvevw, xi. 27. [From Hdt. down.]* Lcian. Tim. 25.) • ; impf. 7yoi; 2 aor. (¡yayov, inf. ayaytiv, in eVayo) 2 Pet. ii. 5) ; Paps., ¿YpuAwos, -ov, (Syptos and fXator or tkaia, like aypta/i- (more rarely 1 aor. triXor) ; X. of or belonging to the oleaster, or reiki olive, pres. Syojiai; impf. qyupiv; 1 aor. rjxdijv; 1 fut. ajftjX. properly (OS, to exercise conthrough, conduct, to something, become the author of stant vigilance over something (an image drawn from good or of evil to some one : fir So£av, Heb. ii. 10, (fIs shepherds), Heb. xiii. 17. [SYX. aypvirvtiv, ypijyoptlv,

vijtpti v. "aypimvelv may be taken to express sim-

[al. |S(a, -ar, r), ( f r . arjiijr, a n d this f r . a priv. and r/tas p l e a s u r e , d e l i g h t ) , [ f r . Lysip. d o w n ] ; 1. unpleasant-

a-0M-|i0«, -ov, (fitcrpot),

lawless,

[ A . V . wicked'] ; of o n e

w h o breaks t h r o u g h t h e r e s t r a i n t s of law and gratifies his lusts : 2 P e t . ii. 7 ; iii. 17. [Sept., Diod., Philo, Joseph., Plut.]* dOm'u, -a; f u t . a6tTT); 1 aor. rjStrrjcra ; a word m e t with first ( y e t v e r y o f t e n ) in Sept. a n d P o l y b . ; a. p r o p e r l y , to render aBtrov; do away with dtrov TI i. e. something laid down,prescribed, established: Stadrjiajv, G a l .

cí6¿TT)tTlf¡

14

iii. 15, (1 Macc. xi. 3 6 ; 2 Macc. xiii. 25, etc.) ; acc. to the context, ' to act towards anything as though it were a n n u l l e d ' ; hence to deprive a law of force by opinions or acts opposed to it, to transgress it, Mk. vii. 9 ; Heb. x. 28, (Ezek. xxii. 26) ; witrriv, to break one's promise or engagement, 1 Tim. v. 12; (Polyb. 8, 2, 5; 11, 29, 3, al.; Diod. excerpt, [i. e. de virt. et vit.] p. 562, 67). Hence b . to thwart the efficacy of anything, nullify, make void, frustrate : rrp> fiov\r)v TOV Otov, Lk. vii. 30 (they rendered inefficacious the saving purpose of God); TT)V avvfcrtv to render prudent plans of no effect, 1 Co. i. 19 (Is. xxix. 14 [where xpityai, yet cf. Bos's note]), c. to reject, refuse, slight-, n)» x"Pl" T 0 " 6toi, Gal. ii. 21 [al. refer this to b.]; of persons: Mk. vi. 26 (by breaking the promise given her) ; Lk. x. 16; J n . xii. 4 8 ; 1 T h . iv. 8 ; J u d e 8 (for which Karatftpovtiv is used in the parallel pass. 2 Pet. ii. 10). [ F o r exx. of the use of this word see Soph. Lex. s. v.]* d0«TT); [1 aor. subjunc. 3 pers. sing. dtfXijtn;]; (iff\os a contest); to engage in a contest, contend in ptiblic games (e. g. Olympian, Pythian, Isthmian), with the poniard [?], gauntlet, quoit, in wrestling, running, or any other w a y : 2 Tim. ii. 5 ; (often in classic auth. who also use the form adXruu). [ C O M P . : trvv-adXAo.] * £0\ipns, -cur, f), contest, combat, (freq. f r . Polyb. down); fig. aSktyns naBifftarav a struggle with sufferings, trials, Heb. x. 32; [of martyrdom, Ign. mart. 4 ; Clem. mart. 25].* ri0po(t«: pf. pass. ptcp. rjOpoio-fifvos; ( f r . adpoot i. q. ¿poor [a noisy crowd, noise], with a copulative [see A, a, 2]) ; to collect together, assemble; pass, to be assembled, to convene: Lk. xxiv. 33 L T T r W I I . ([Soph.,] Xen., Plat., Polyb., Pint., al.; O. T . Apocr.; sometimes in Sept. for | ' 3 P . ) [ C O M P . : iir-, ovv-adpoifa.] *

A¿6ío\fr

from,' innocent of, Matt, xxvii. 24 (the guilt of the murder of this innocent man cannot be laid upon me) ; ¿irò rijr dfiapriac, Clem. Rom. 1 Cor. 59, 2 [cf. Num. v. 31], T h e Greeks say à8ót rivos [both in the sense of free from and unpunished / o r ] . * al-ytux [ W H -yw, see their App. p. 154, and 1,1], -tía, -«ov, (ali, g e n - -yós goat, male or female), of a goat, (cf. icanijAfior, imrnor, vtios, irpo/üárttos, etc.) : Heb. xi. 37. [From Horn, down.]* al-yuiXós, -ov, ó, the shore of the sea, beach, [fr. Horn, down] : Mt. xiii. 2, 48 ; J n . xxi. 4 ; Acts xxi. 5 ; xxvii. 39, 40. (Many derive the word from Syuvfit and dXj, as though equiv. to ÓKTJ¡, the place where the sea breaks ; others fr. alyts billows and 3>r [Curtius § 140 ; Vaniíek p. 83] ; others f r . àia-tra and áXr [Schenkl, L. and S., s. v.], the place where the sea rushes forth, bounds forward.) * Alyvimos, -a, -ov, a gentile adjective, Egyptian-. Acts vii. 22, 24, 28 ; xxi. 38 ; Ileb. xi. 29* Alyvtrros, -ov, f¡, [always without the art., B. 87 (76) ; W . § 18, 5 a.], the proper name of a well-known country, Egypt : Mt. ii. 13 sq. ; Acts ii. 10 ; Heb. iii. 16, etc. ; more fully yij Aiywrror, Acts vii. 36 [not L W I I T r txt.], 40 ; xiii. 17 ; Ileb. viii. 9 ; J u d e 5, (Ex. v. 12 ; vi. 26, etc. ; 1 Macc. i. 19 ; Bar. 1. 19 sq., etc.) ; i¡yf¡ AÍywrror, Acts vii. 11 ; Iv Aìyvjrroti sc. yfj, Heb. xi. 26 I^chm., but cf. Bleek ad loc.; B. 171 (149); [ W . 384 (359)]. In Rev. xi. 8 A"y. is figuratively used for Jerusalem i. e. for the Jewish nation viewed as persecuting Christ and his followers, and so to be likened to the Egyptians in their ancient hostility to the true God and their endeavors to crush his people.

lUStos, -ov, (for àeiòios f r . aft), eternal, everlasting : (Sap. vii. 2G) Ro. i. 20 ; J u d e 6. (Horn. hymn. 29, 3 ; Hes. scut. 310, and f r . Thuc. down in prose; [freq. in Philo, e. g. de profug. § 18 (fat) mitos-), § 31 ; de opif. mund. § 2, § 61 ; de cherub. § 1, § 2, § 3 ; de post. Cain. § 11 fin. SYN. see aiúvior]-) * ais««, (-áoc) -oír, 17; f r . Horn, down; a sense of shame, modesty : 1 Tim. ii. 9 ; reverence, Ileb. xii. 28 (Xarptúctv 6t

® the 9, 5; 7, 14, 5; it at. : b. j. 5, 10, 5; (j) al.: antt. 19, 2, 3; general designation for time, which can be divided up into b. j. 1, 21, 10 ; plur. (see above) 3, 8, 5. See aicúvioi.] portions, each of which is in its turn a %pivos; on the other aUvtot, -op, and (in 2 Th. ii. 16; Heb. ix. 12; Num. hand, atey, which in the concrete and simple language of Homer (Pindar and the Tragedians) denotes the allotted xxv. 18; Plat. Tim. p. 3 8 b . [see below]; Diod. i. 1; lifetime, even the life, of the individual (II. 4,478 ftivuvidStos [cf. WH. App. p. 157; W. 69 (67); B. 26 (23)]) -oí, Hot altiy etc.), in Attic prose differs from xp s otros• tlx&v of God adopted from eternity, Rev. xiv. 6. S4 itrrt rw iytwdru xpdw, by alSva rorayoptboftts • &s out end, never to cease, everlasting: 2 Co. iv. 18 (opp. to yip tot' itSioy wapdSttypa, rby lStwixby ic6t upbs wapdStiyfta, rby aluva, SSt 6 XP^vot sharer of the same eternal life, Philem. 15; pápot 8ó|ijt, abv Koaiuf iSa/uovpyi d e n o t e s

A n t o n i n . 1. vii. § 31 okoXoi/-

2.

to join one as a disciple, become o r be his disciple; side with his party, [ A . V. follow h i m ] : M t . iv. 20, 2 2 ; i x . 9 ;

xix. 27 sq.; M k . i. 18; viii. 3 4 ; L k . v. 11, 27, etc.; ( V e r y f r e q . in prof, w r i t . ) * Jn. viii. 12 ( w h e r e J e s u s likens himself to a t o r c h which t h e accent cf. C h a n d l e r § 11G ; t h e disciple f o l l o w s ) ; ovk axoXov6ei ifuv h e is not of figment of t h e g r a m m a r i a n s , ' our b a n d of t h y disciples, M k . ix. 38. to cleave steads. v.], a l x M , L a t . acies, acuo) ; fastly to one, conform wholly to his example, in living and i j prop, a point, to prick with (cf.

[ t h e c l a s s i c ] alxprf)b . extremity, climax, acme, highest degree. c . the present point of time. H e n c e accus.

organ of hearing,

¿Kova

heard-, of the

[ A . V . t x t . report] : J n . xii. 3 8 ; R o . x. 16 sq. (Wr

iit'uTTtwt t j j ¿koji {¡fiûv; f r . Is. liii. 1, H e b r . nj'TOJjf, which in 2 S. iv. 4, etc., is r e n d e r e d àyytXia) ; 0x017 n'urrtas preaching o n t h e n e c e s s i t y of faith, ( G e r m . Glauhenspredigt), G a l . iii. 2, 5 ; Xoyor aKorjs i. q. X. ¿Kowrôtis [ c f . W . 531 ( 4 9 4 s q . ) ] : 1 T h . ii. 13 ; H e b . iv. 2. b . hearsay, report, rumor-, rivés, concerning any one: M t . iv.

2 4 ; xiv. 1; xxiv. 6 ; M k . i. 28; xiii. 7. writ.) *

( F r e q . in G r k .

need

be in dying

also:

M t . x . 3 8 ; x v i . 24 ; J n . xii. 26 ;

xxi. 22. T h i s v e r b is not f o u n d in t h e E p p . exc. in 1 Co. x. 4. A s in t h e classics, it is joined mostly with a d a t . of t h e o b j . ; sometimes with ptra twos, L k . ix. 49 ; Rev. vi. 8 [ T r e g . mrg. d a t . ] ; xiv. 13 ; (so also in G r k . writ. ; cf. Lob. a d P h r y n . p. 353 s q . ; [ R u t h e r f o r d , N e w P h r y n . p. 4 5 8 s q . ] ) ; onltrta rums, M t . x . 3 8 ;

Mk.

viii. 34 ( w h e r e R L W H T r m r g . f\d(iv), H e b r . } S n "J'Sfl n r w . c f . 1 K . xix. 21 ; see W . 234 (219) ; [ B . 172 (150), cf. axoX. xaroTTW tivos, A r s t p h . P l u t . 18. Comp. : in-, kut-, nap-, trvv- axoXou&'a)]. axovtt [on t h e use of t h e pres. in a pf. sense c f . W . 274 sq. ( 2 5 8 ) ; B . 203 ( 1 7 6 ) ] ; impf. {¡kovov, f u t . (in best G r k . usage) ¿Kovtropat, Jn. v. 25 R G L, 28 R G L ; Acts iii. 2 2 ; vii. 37 R G ; xvii. 3 2 ; [ x x i . 2 2 ] ; xxv. 22 ; xxviii. 28 ; [ R o . x. 14 T d f . ] , and ( a later f o r m ) ¿Kova-a, M t . xii. 19; xiii. 14, (both f r . t h e S e p t . ) ; [ J n . x. 16 ; xvi. 13 T r W H m r g . ; A c t s xxviii. 26] ; Ro. x. 14 [ R G ] ; a n d T T r W H i n Jn. v. 25,28, (cf. W . 8 2 ( 7 9 ) ; B. 53 (46) [ V e i t c h s. v . ] ) ; [1 aor. rjnovcra, Jn.iii. 32, e t c . ] ; pf. aid)Koa; P a s s . , [ p r e s . aKovopm;

1 iut.¿Kovcrdrjaofiat];

fjKova&Tjv; [ f r . Horn, d o w n ] ; to hear. endowed

with the faculty

of hearing

L absol.

1 aor.

1. to be

( n o t d e a f ) : M k . vii.

3 7 ; L k . vii. 2 2 ; M t . xi. 5. 2. to attend to (use t h e faculty of h e a r i n g ) , consider w h a t is or h a s been said. So in e x h o r t a t i o n s : aKovcrt,

i l k . i v . 3 ; ¿Kovtrart,

J a s . ii. 5 ;

o ix«n> axovav axovfra, M t . xi. 1 5 ; xiii. 9, [in b o t h T W H om. T r b r . dicoufix] ; M k . iv. 23 ; L k . xiv. 35 ( 3 4 ) ;

ôkoXovM», ; f u t . àteoXovâ^tra ; impf. t]ko\ov6ovv ; 1 aor. TfKo\oii6ritTa ; pf. ^koXoûAjko ( M k . x. 28 L T T r & fX by tio-aicovto). TI \tyowriv, Mt. xxi. 16 ; pass., Mt. ii. 18 ; Rev. xviii. i. with gen. of pers. and ptcp. [B. 301 (259)] : Mk. xiv. 22 sq.; ri fit rums, 2 Co. xii. 6 [R G] ; foil, by OT« [B. 58; Lk. xviii. 36; J n . i. 37; vii. 32; Acts ii. 6, 11 ; -300 (257 sq.)], Acts xxii. 2 ; Mk. xvi. 11 ; Jn. iv. 42 ; Rev. xvi. 5 ; rjicovaa row 8vauum)plov Aiyoiror, Rev. xvi. xiv. 28. b. to get by hearing, learn (from the mouth 7 G L T [ T r W H cod. Sin.], a poetic personification; of the teacher or narrator) : Acts xv. 17 ; Mt. x. 27 ( i ! cf. De Wette ad loc., W. § 30, 11. b. with gen. of a «ft TO ovs oKovtrt, what is taught you in secret) ; Ro. xv. 1 t h i n g : rijr ßXaatfnjiüas, Mk. xiv. 64 (Lehm, rqv ß\a21; Eph. i. 13; Col. i. 6 ; Jn. xiv. 24 ; 1 Jn. ii. 7, 24 ; oxjnifiiav, as in Mt. xxvi. 65; the acc. merely denotes the iii. 11 ; Xpurrov i. e. to become acquainted with Christ object; rrjs ßXaa. is equiv. in sense to airrov ß\aa TI. a thing comes to one's ears, to to consider the pron. pov which precedes as a possess, Jin/i out (by hearsay), learn, (hear [ ( » / ) ] m e d i a t e l y ) : gen. rather than, with B. 167 (145 sq.), to assume a with acc. of thing, ra ipya, Mt. xi. 2 ; oara t'noiti, Mk. double gen. of the object, one of the pers. and one of

iii. 8 [Treg. txt. irowi] ; iroXtpovs, Lk. xxi. 9 ; Mt. xxiv. € ; Mk. xiii. 7; to learn, absol. viz. what has just been mentioned: Mt. ii. 3 ; xxii. 7 [R L] ; Mk. ii. 17; iii. 21 ; Gal. i. 13; Eph. i. 15; Col. i. 4 ; Philem. 5, etc. foil, by or«, Mt. ii. 22; iv. 12 ; xx. 30; Mk. vi. 55; x. 47; J n . iv. 47; ix. 35; xi. 6; xii. 12; Gal. i. 23; irtpi TOPor, Mk. vii. 25 ; TI irtpi ru«or, Lk. ix. 9 ; xvi. 2 ;

the thing.

The Johannean phrase ¿Koiieiv irapa TOV

dtoii, or ri irapa dtoii, signifies a. to perceive in the soul the inward communication of God: J n . vi. 45. b. to be taught by God's inward communication : J n . viii. 26, 40, (so, too, the simple OKOVHV in v. 30) ; to be taught by the devil, acc. to the reading of L T T r W H , rfKovaart

irapa rovirarpis, in Jn. viii. 38. For the rest cf. B. 165 xxiii. 8 [R G L] ; foil, by an acc. with ptcp. [B. 303 ( 1 4 4 ) s q q . ; 3 0 1 ( 2 5 8 ) s q q . [ C O M P . : ÄT-, tla-, in-, irap-, (260)] : Lk. iv. 23 ; Acts vii. 12; 2 Th. iii. 11 ; 3 Jn. irpo-, vn aKovo).} 4; foil, by acc. with inf. in two instances [cf. B. 1. c.]: cucfxurta, -as, t), (ä*par^s), want of self-control, incontiJ n . xii. 18; 1 Co. xi. 18. pass.: Acts xi. 22 (¡¡KOVcrdrj nence, intemperance: Mt. xxiii. 25 (Grsb. abixia) ; 1 C a 4 Ao'yor DS T O Srra TTJS «VicXi/o'iar was brought to the ears) ; 1 Co. v. 1 (¿Kovrrai iropvtla iv ¿/xiv); Mt. xxviii. 14 vii. 5. Cf. Lob. ad Phryn. p. 524 sq. [(Aristot. on.)] • (fav aKovcrOfi TOVTO tin [L T r W H mrg. vnA] TOV ¿¡yepo- dicparfjf, -is, gen. -eor, -ovr, (icparor), without self-conms) ; Mk. ii. 1 ; J n . ix. 32 rjKovadrj ort. d . to give ear trol, intemperate: 2 Tim. iii. 3. (Freq. in prof. writ. fr. to teaching or teacher: TOVS A ¿your, Mt. x. 14; to follow Plato and Xen. down.) * with attentive hearing, TOV Xoyov, J n . viii. 48 ; TO. pr/para ¿ucpoTos,-oi>, (xtpcwvviu), unmixed, pure : Rev. xiv. 10 TOV 0tov, 47. e. to comprehend, understand, (like Lat. (of wine undiluted with water, as freq. in prof. writ, audio) : Mk. iv. 33; Gal. iv. 21 [(Lchm. mrg. avayivm- and Jer. xxxii. 1 (xxv. 15)).*

yet cf. Mey. ad loc.]; (Gen. xi. 7). 2. ¿Kovtiv is not joined with the g e n i t i v e of the obj. unless one hear the person or thing with his own ears [B. 166 (144)] ; •a. with gen. of a p e r s o n ; simply; a. to perceive any one's voice: of i. e. of Christ, whose voice is heard in the instruction of his messengers (Lk. x. 16), Ro. x. 14, 6iyyofuu, as truth in order to establish its authority among men, Jn. opp. to the vagaries of madness, Acts xxvi. 25]; aXq&ia xviii. 37 ; a\i]6(iav iroitlv to exemplify truth in the life, tyt'vfTo, was shown to be true by the event, 2 Co. vii. 14. to express the form of truth in one's habits of thought iv akriOrfif in truth, truly, as the case is, according to and modes of living, Jn. iii. 21; 1 Jn. i. 6, (Tob. xiii. 6; fact: Mt. xxii. 16; Jn. iv. 23 sq. (as accords with the iv. 6; cf. Neh. ix. 33; oSov oXijflf/ar aiptTt{ta0m, Ps. divine nature); 2 Co. vii. 14; Col. i. 6; «V aXqdfias cxviii. (cxix.) 30); so also ntparartiv iv rjj oX. 2 Jn. 4; a. truly, in truth, according to truth: Mk. xii. 32; Lk. 3 Jn. 3 sq.; antiGtivrj) aX. is just the opposite, Ro. ii. 8; II. s u biv. 25, (Job ix. 2 Sept.; Philo, vit. Moys.i.§ 1). b. of so also 7r\avT)0r)vai Od-20, 105); [cf. B. D. s. v. Mill].* 6. or forms a transition to the cardinal aXijOAt, adv., [fr. Aeschyl. down], truly, of a truth, in Mk. p. 157. matter, especially before imperatives: Mt. ix. 18; Mk.

28

a\\a

ix. 22; xvi. 7; L k . vii. 7; J n . viii. 26; xvi. 4 ; A c t s ix. 6 [not R e e . ] ; x. 20; xxvi. 16. 7. it is put elliptically: ¿AX' Iva, i. e. ¿XXa rovro y f y o v t v , Iva, Mk. xiv. 49 ; J n . xiii. 18; xv. 2 5 ; 1 J n . ii. 19. 8. a f t e r a conditional or concessive protasis it signifies, at the beginning of the apodosis, yet [cf. W . 442 ( 4 1 1 ) ] : a f t e r xai tt, 2 Co. xiii. 4 [ R G ] ; M k . xiv. 29 R G L , (2 Macc. viii. 1 5 ) ; after ,1 Kal, Mk. xiv. 29 [ T T r W H ] ; 2 Co. iv. 16 : v. 16: xi. 6 ; Col. ii. 5, (2 Macc. vi. 2 6 ) ; a f t e r tt, 1 Co. ix. 2 ; Ro. vi. 5, (1 Macc. ii. 2 0 ) ; a f t e r tav, 1 Co. iv. 15; after tintp, 1 Co. viii. 6 [ L T r mrg. W I I br. ¿XX']; cf. Klotz ad Devar. ii. p. 93 sq.; K ü h n e r ii. p. 827, § 535 Anm. 6. 9 . a f t e r a preceding /iiv: M k . ix. 13 [ T om. T r br. pi'v]; Acts iv. 16; Ro. xiv. 20; 10. it is joined to other particles; 1 Co. xiv. 17. ¿XXa yt [Grsb. dXXay»] (twice in the N. T . ) : yet at least, 1 Co. ix. 2 ; yet surely (aber freilich), Lk. xxiv. 21 [ L T T r W I I add xai yea and etc.], cf. Bornemann ad loc. I n the more elegant Greek writers these particles are not combined without t h e interposition of t h e most emphatic word between t h e m ; cf. Bornemann 1. c . ; Klotz ad Devar. ii. pp. 15 sq. 24 sq.; Ast, Lex. Plat. i. p. 101 ; [\V. 444 (413)]. dXX' rj (arising from the blending of the two statements ovbtv JXAo rj and ovSiv aXXo, äXXä) save only, except: 1 Co. iii. 5 (where ¿XX' rj omitted by G L T T r W H is spurious); Lk. xii. 51, (Sir. xxxvii. 12; xliv. 1 0 ) ; and after aXXa itself, 2 Co. i. 13 [here Lchm. br. ¿XX' before i^] ; cf. Klotz u. s. ii. 31 sqq.; K ü h n e r ii. p. 824 sq. § 535, 6 ; W . 442 ( 4 1 2 ) ; [B. 374 (320)]. ¿XX' oti but not, yet not: H e b . iii. 16 (if punctuated irapfTrtKpavati; ¿XX' ou) for ' but why do I ask ? did not all,' etc.; cf. Blcek ad loc. [\V. 442 (411)]. ¿XX' ovxt mil he not rather? Lk. xvii. 8. II. preceded by a negation: but ( L a t . sed, Germ, sondern) ; 1. owe (jiij) . . . ¿AXti: Mt. xix. 11 ; Mk. v. 3 9 ; J n . vii. 16; 1 C o . i. 1 7 ;

v i i . 1 0 , 1 9 [ovStv];

2 Co.

vii.

9;

1 Tim.

v.

23 [fiTjKCTi], etc. By a r h e t o r i c a l construction ovk . . . ¿XXa sometimes is l o g i c a l l y equiv. to not so much . . . as: Mk. ix. 3 7 (ovk t p i de'xrrai, ¿XXa T A K airotrrfiXaira ftt) ; Mt. x. 20; J n . xii. 44 ; Acts v. 4 ; 1 Co. xv. 10; 1 T h . iv. 8 ; by this form of speech the emphasis is laid on the second m e m b e r ; cf. Fritzsclie on Mk. p. 773 sqq.; W . § 55, 8 b . ; [B. 356 (306)]. ov p5»ov . . . ¿XXa xai not only . . . but also: J n . v. 18; xi. 52 [¿XX' Iva Kai, e t c . ] ; Ro. i. 32, and very often. W h e n Kal is omitted (as in the Lat. non solum . . . sed), the gradation is strengthened : Acts xix. 26 [Lchm. adds xai]; 1 J n . v. 6; ¿XXa 7roXXs, o, Amos, (p'Ott strong), indecl. prop, name of one b. v. ; B. 49 (42 sq.) ; Steph. s. v. col. 201 c. quotes from of Christ's ancestors: [Mt. i. 10 L T T r W I I ] ; Lk. iii. 25.* Cram. Anecdot. Ox. vol. ii. p. 338, 31 rò ptv dptpufa ¿art &v, a particle indicating that something can or could Kotvws, rò Si dpffnafa Amputò*, Sxnttp r i imonufa «al occur on certain conditions, or by the combination of vjrojridfcii].) Cf. dp*j>u(a* certain fortuitous causes. In Lat. it has no equivalent; ; to throw around, i. q. irtpifiaKka, of a gar- nor do the Eng. haply, perchance, Germ, wohl (wol), ment (Horn. Od. 14, 342) ; to cast to and fro note to one etwa, exactly and everywhere correspond to it. T h e side nou> to the other : a net, Mk. i. 16 G L T T r W H [acc. use of this particle in the N . T., illustrated by copious t o T T r W H used absol. ; cf. oi dptpt/3oXttt, Is. xix. 8]. exx. f r . Grk. writ., is shown by W . § 4 2 ; [cf. B. 216 (186) sqq. Its use in classic Grk. is fully exhibited (by ( H a b . i. 17.)* dp^tpXiprTpov, -ou, TÓ, (dp), in Grk. writ, any- Prof. Goodwin) in L. and S. s. v.]. I t is joined I. in the apodoses of hypothetical sentences 1. with the I m p f . , where the Lat. uses the impf. subjunctive, e. g. Lk. vii. 39 (tyivaOKtv av, sciret, he would know); Lk. xvii. 6 (tkt'ytTt ye would say); Mt. xxiii. 30 (non essemus, we should not have b e e n ) ; J n . v. 46 ; via. 42 ; ix. 4 1 ; xv. 19; xviii. 36 ; 1 Co. xi. 3 1 ; Gal. i. 10; iii. 21 [but W H m r g . b r . ] ; Heb. iv. 8 ; viii. 4, 7. 2. with the indie. A o r . (where the Lat. uses the plpf. subj. like the fut. pf. subj., I would have done it), to express what would have been, if this or that either M t . v i . 3 0 ; tv T i m [ B . 1 9 1 ( 1 6 6 ) ] , L k . v i i . 2 5 ; M t . x i . 8 . * 'Ap^faroXis, -">r> Amphipolis, the metropolis of were ( d with the impf. in the protasis preceding), or Macedonia Prima [cf. B. D. s. v. Macedonia] ; so called, had been ( i i with the aor. or plpf. preceding) : Mt. xi. because the Strvmon flowed around it [Thuc. 4, 102] ; 21 and Lk. x. 13 (av ptrtv6i)u{ti T T r . Cf. dppi{ttv rovi triryytvtlt.)* 4vd--yvwcn, -tat, t), (àvayivóaKto, q. v.) ; a. a knowing again, owning. b . reading, [fr. P l a t o o n ] : Acts

xiii. 15 ; 2 Co. iii. 14 ; 1 Tim. iv. 13. (Neh. viii. 8 i. q. [pres. avayivuxTKoixat]; 1 aor. av€yva>, Lk. x. 26 ; foil, by on r. épr)iiov, sc. fr. the low bank of the Jordan), rtvà tx [objective], Mt. xix. 4 ; [foil, by Sri recitative, Mt. xxi. vtKpwv fr. the dead in the world below, to the upper 16]; r i ¿7roiijiTi, Mt. xii. 3; Mk. ii. 25. The obj. not world, Ileb. xiii. 20 ; Ro. x. 7 ; riva tó> \aa> to bring one mentioned, but to be understood from what precedes: forth who has been detained in prison (a lower place), Mt. xxiv. 15; Mk. xiii. 14; Acts xv. 31; xxiii. 34; Eph. and set him before the people to be tried, Acts xii. 4 ; iii. 4; pass. 2 Co. iii. 2. to read to others, read aloud : Ovtxiav t\; W. take up, take upon one's self, undertake, assume; hence 87 (83); B. 59 (52)]) ; to shoot up, sprout again, grow to receive, entertain any one hospitably: Acts xxviii. 7; green again, flourish again, (Horn. II. 1, 236 ; Ael. v. h. to entertain in one's mind: Tat tirayytXias, i. e. to em- 5, 4); trop. of those whose condition and affairs are becoming more prosperous: Phil. iv. 10 avtOaXtTt rA brace them with faith, Heb. xi. 17.* &*OrS(S«|u: 2 aor. ptcp. avadovt; 1. to give forth, irnip ipov ; [impf. dvefijrovv]; 1 aor. dv((rfTTjo-a; 'to redeemed, and, if an animal, to be slain [Lev. xxvii. 28, run through with the eyes any series or succession of 29] ; therefore a person or thing doomed to destruction, men or tilings, and so to seek out, search through, make Josh. vi. 17; vii. 12, etc. [W. 32]; a thing abominable diligent search, Germ, daran hinsuchen, aufsuchen' ( Win. and detestable, an accursed thing, Deut. vii. 26. Hence De verb. comp. etc. Pt. iii. p. 14) : run, Lk. ii. 44, (and in the N. T. avaBepa denotes a. a curse: avadcfiart dva45 I. txt. T Tr WH) ; Acts xi. 25. (See exx. fr. Grk. 6tnaritfiv, Acts xxiii. 14 [W. 466 (434) ; B. 184 (159)]. b. a man accursed, devoted to the direst woes (i. q. cVi•writ. [fr. Plato on] in Win. 1. c.) • ¿va-{towv)u: to gird up; mid. to gird up one's self or KaTaparor) : dvaOtpa ?, Gal. i. 8 sq.; 1 Co. xvi. 22; \eytiv rtva to execrate one, 1 Co. xii. 3 (RG, for one's self: avci{w: [pres. pass. avaxatfoCfuu]; a word peculiar to the apostle Paul; prop, to cause to grow up (am) new, to make new; pass., new strength and vigor is given to me, 2 Co. iv. 16; to be changed into a new kind of life, opposed to the former corrupt state, Col. iii. 10. Cf. Win. De verb. comp. Pt. iii. p. 10 [or Mey. on Col. I. c . ; Test. xii. Patr., test. Levi 16, 17 avaKaivonoitw. Cf. KSstlin in Herzog ed. 2, i. 477 sq.]* dvorKaCvoivts, -eat, {¡, a renewal, renovation, complete change for the better, (cf. avaKaivoa) : rot voos, object, gen., Ro. xii. 2; nvcvfiuTos dyiov, effected by the Holy Spirit, Tit. iii. 5. (Etym. Magn., Suid.; [Ilerm. vis. 3, 8, 9; other eccl. writ.] ; the simple Kaivams is found only in Joseph, antt. 18, 6, 10.) [Cf. Trench § xviii.]* dvo-KaXvuTw: [Pass., pres. ptcp. dvaKaXvnrdfitvos; pf. ptcp. avaufKaXvp/xe'vos]; to unveil, to uncover (by drawing back the veil), (i. q. nSj, Job xii. 22; Ps. xvii. (xviii.) 16) : Kakvfxpa . . . fir) dvaKaXinrrdpevov the veil. .. not being lifted (lit. unveiled) [so W H punctuate, see W . 534 (497); but L T A l f . etc. take the ptcp. as a neut. acc. absol. referring to the clause that follows with ort: it not being revealed that, etc.; (for avaxaX. in this sense see Polyb. 4, 85, 6 ; Tob. xii. 7,11) ; see Meyer ad loc.], is used allegor. of a hindrance to the understanding, 2 Co. iii. 14, (avaKa\v7!T(iv avyKakvpfia, Deut. xxii. 30 Alex.) ; avaK(Kakvp.fieva> npoo-uira with unveiled face, 2 Co. iii. 18, is also used allegor. of a mind not blinded, but disposed to perceive the glorious majesty of Christ. (The word is used by Eur., Xen., [Aristot. de sens. 5, vol. i. p. 444", 25], Polyb., Plut.)* dva-Kd(iirr«: fut. avanafxifno; 1 aor. dvfKapifra', to bend back, turn back. In the N. T. (as often in prof. auth.; in Sept. i. q. 311?) intrans. to return: Mt. ii. 12; Lk. x. 6 (where the meaning is, 'your salutation shall let irn to you, as if not spoken ' ) ; Acts xviii. 21; Heb. xi. 15.* dvd-K«juu; [impf. 3 pers. sing, dv/iceiro] ; depon. mid. to be laid up, laid: Mk. v. 40 R L br. [cf. Eng. to lay out~\. In later (irk. to lie at table (on the lectus tricliniaris [cf. B.D. s. v. Meals]; the earlier Greeks used KtitrOai, kotoKfiaOai, cf. Lob. ad Plirvn. p. 216 sq.; Fritzsclie [or Wetst.] on Mt, ix. 10): Mt. ix. 10; xxii. 10 sq.; xxvi. 7,20; Mk. [vi. 26 T T r W H ] ; xiv.18; xvi. 14 ; Lk.vii. 37 ( L T T r W H KardiuiTai); xxii. 27; Jn. xii. 2 (Rec. avvavaxftji.); xiii. 23, 28. Generally, to eat together, to dine: J n . vi. 11. [Cf. dvanima, fin. COMP.: trvv-avctKttfiai.'} * dvorKC^aXaufo, -aXaiovpai; 1 aor. mid. inf. dvaKfaikaimeyjrio$

45

irt£ofiai ( W . 83 f 79)): impf. qvti X 6pv v 2 Co. xi. [1 Rec*!*] f 4 [ R e c . ] ( G T T r W H m r g . avtixotai» [ c f - Moeris ed. Piers, p. 1 7 6 ; (but L W H t x t . in vs. 4 d v c X . ) ; cf. W H . App. p. 1 6 2 ; W . 72 ( 7 0 ) ; B . 35 ( 3 1 ) ] ) ; 2 aor. {¡vtv avßp., see under vioc. to rise up from something, i. e. from what one has been doing while either sitting or prostrate on the ground: dvtanra-rtvu; (¿irrt for i. e. in lieu or stead of any one, d. of the dead; 2 aor., with « ««par and VJTOT*va> to be vnaros, to be supreme, to be consul) ; Lk. xxii. 45. to be proconsul: Acts xviii. 12 [R G ; cf. B. 169 (147)]. added : Mt. xvii. 9 R G W H mrg.; Mk. ix. 9 sq.; xii. 25; Lk. xvi. 31; xxiv. 46 ; J n . xx. 9; Eph. v. 14 (here fig.); (Plut. comp. Dem. c. Cic. c. 3 ; Hdian. 7, 5, 2.) * dyfl-vrniTos, -ou, s) and in Acts iv. 6, attributes to him the iv entai Lcian. Philops. § 3 3 ) ; npoc rwa, 2 Co. vi. 11 (ri pontificate long after he had beer removed from office. aropa {¡pitv avctpyt irp6s vpas our mouth is open towards Cf. Win. R W B . s. v. Annas; Keim in Schenkel i. p. you, i. e. we speak freely to you, we keep nothing back) ; 135 sq.; Schiirer in the Zeitschr. fur wissensch. Tlieol. the mouth of one is said to be opened who recovers the for 1876, p. 580 sq. [also in his Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 23 power of speech, Lk. i. 64; of the earth yawning, Rev. xii. 16. dv. dxodf twos i. e. to restore the faculty of heariv.; and BB.DD. s. v.].* 4-v6tjtos, -ok, (voijTOf fr. voim) ; 1. not understood, ing, Mk. vii. 35 ( L T T r W H ) . dp. tovs oal) ; Lk. xxiv. 25; Ttix5r, to restore one's sight, Mt. ix. 30; xx. 33; J n . ix. Gal. iii. 1, 3 ; Tit. iii. 3. irriBvptat avoryroi, 1 Tim. vi. 9. 10, 14, 17, 21, 26, 30, 32 ; x. 21 ; xi. 37; metaph., Acts (Prov. xvii. 28; Ps. xlviii. (xlix.) 13; and often in Attic xxvi. 18 (to open the eyes of one's mind), avoiym rf/v writ.; [cf. Trench § lxxv.; Ellic. on Gal. iii. 1; Schmidt trpayida, to unseal, Rev. v. 9 ; vi. 1, 3,5, 7 , 9 , 1 2 ; viii. 1; ch. 147 § 20].)* dv. TO ¡3ti3\iov, @i@\apt8iov, to unroll, Lk. iv. 17 L T r W H ; Avoia, -at, fj, (Svovs [i. e. avoos without understand- Rev. v. 2-5; x. 2, 8; xx. 12. [Comp. : 8i-avot'ya>.] * ing]), want of understanding, folly : 2 Tim. iii. 9. mad-, av-ouco-So|Uv, -a: fut. avoixoSop^ca; to build again, nesx expressing itself in rage, Lk. vi. 11, [duo 8' avoias (Vulg. reaedifico): Acts xv. 16. ([Thuc. 1,89,3]; Diod. ytut), to piv pavlav, tA 8» apaBtav, Plato, Tim. p. 86 b.]. 11, 39; Plut. Them. 19; Cam. 31; Ildian. 8, 2, 12 [5 ([Theogn. 453]; Hdt. 6 , 6 9 ; Attic writ. fr. Thuc. down.)* ed. Bekk.].)* dv-ol-yo); (ava, o"ya> i. e. oiyvvpi) ; fut. avot(a; 1 aor. £voi£is, -tat, fj, (dvoiya, q. v.), on opening: iv avot(tt rjvot^a and ( J n . ix. 14 and as a var. elsewli. also) avf i n 11 ; Lk. xiii. 25 ; Rev. iii. 7. tovi (hjcravpovs, Mt. ii. 11, whom all iniquity has as it were fixed its abode, 2 Th. (Sir. xliii. 14 ; Eur. Ion 923); to pvrjptia, Mt. xxvii. 52; ii. 8 ; Sv. tpyov an unlawful deed, 2 Pet. ii. 8 ; free from rav Svopos be opened and something to descend fr. it, Mt. iii. 16; Lk. 6tov [B. 169 (147)] (Rec. 1 Co. ix. 21. (Very iii. 21 ; J n . i. 51 ( 5 2 ) ; Acts x. 11; or something is said often in Sept.) [Syn. see dvop'ta, fin.] * to be seen there, Acts vii. 56 R G ; Rev. xi. 19 (; 1 aor. iJirXi; [fr- Horn, down]; to lead away. Lk. xiii. 15 (sc. djrA rrft arvr)s); Acts xxiii. 10 (Lchm. [ed. min.]); 17 (sc. hence); xxiv. 7 [R G ] (away, rV rStv x«ipv xtKotpripivuiv as the first one recalled to life of them t h a t have fallen asleep, 1 Co. xv. 20, 23 (here the phrase seems also to signify t h a t by his case t h e f u t u r e resurrection of Christians is g u a r a n t e e d ; because the first-fruits forerun and are, as it were, a pledge and promise of the rest of the harvest). b. of persons superior in e x c e l l e n c e to others of the same class: so in Rev. xiv. 4 of a certain class of Christians sacred and dear to (iod and Christ beyond all others, (Schol. ad E u r . Or. 96 arrapxb y (TO ov povov to irparov rij rd£ft, aXXa «a! rd npirrov T J J Tipfi). c . oi rjfoirff Trjv am. rov wvfvparot who have the first-fruits (of future blessings) in the Spirit (roC it-v. is gen. of apposition), Ro. viii. 23; cf. what W i n e r § 59, 8 a. says in opposition to those [e. g. Meyer, but see Weiss in ed. 6] who take rou jtv. as a p a r t i t i v e gen., so that oi t\. r. air. rov irv. are distinguished from t h e great multitude who will receive the Spirit subsequently. ( I n firk. writ. fr. [Soph.,] H d t . down.) * &iras, -a to emit brightness, and this fr. avyr) brightness; cf. anoaKiaapa, amt'iKatrpa, aittiKovuTfui, anr)XT)fia), reflected brightness: Christ is called in Heb. i. 3 dnavy. riys 8o£t]f toO 6tov, inasmuch as he perfectly reflects the majesty of God; so that the same thing is declared here of Christ metaphysically, which he says of himself in an ethical sense in J n . xii. 45 (xiv. 9 ) : 6 Btapmv ¿pi Btapei tov nep^avra ¡it. (Sap. vii. 26 ; Pliilo, mund. opif. § 5 1 ; plant. Noe § 12 ; de concup. § 1 1 ; and often in eccl. writ.; see more fully in Grimm on Sap. 1. c., p. 161 sq.) [Some interpreters still adhere to the signif. effulgence or radiance (as distinguished from refulgence or reflection), see Kurtz ad loc.; Soph. Lex. s. v.; Cremer s. v.] *

55

àireipacTOì

how it wUl go with me], Phil. ii. 23. ( I n Sept., J o n . iv. 5, e t c . ) * ¿•reCStia [ W H Sia, exc. in Heb. as below (see I, t)], -or, 17, ( : impf. rprtiXovv', 1 aor. mid. ^irftkrjaapiiv', to threaten, menace : 1 Pet. ii. 23 ; in mid., acc. to later Grk. usage ([App. bell. civ. 3, 29] ; Polyaen. 7, 35, 2), actively [ B . 5 4 ( 4 7 ) ] : Acts iv. 1 7 (àntCkri [ L T T r W H om.] cattiktiaBcu, with dat. of pers. foil, by ¡if] with inf., with sternest threats to forbid one to etc., W . § 54, 3 ; [ B . 1 8 3 ( 1 5 9 ) ] ) . (From Horn, down.) [ C o m p . : trpotrajrfiAico.] * àmiXyj, -ijt, 17, a threatening, threat : Acts iv. 1 7 R G (cf. aimXe'a)), 29 ; ix. 1 ; Eph. vi. 9. (From Ilom. down.) * &ir-«i|u ; (tipi to be) ; [fr. Horn, down] ; to be away, be absent : 1 Co. v. 3 ; 2 Co. x. 1, 11 ; xiii. 2 , 1 0 ; Col. ii. 5 ; Phil. i. 27 ; [in all cases exc. Col. 1. c. opp. to rrdptipi].* &ir- [impf. a i r t i i i f x ^ w ] > assiduously and patiently to wait far, [cf. Eng. wait it o u t ] : absol., 1 Pet. tion, without solicitude: 1 Co. vii. 35. (The adjective iii. 20 (Rec. eK&xofuu) ; ri, Ro. viii. 19, 23, 25; 1 Co. i. occurs in Sap. xvi. 11; Sir. xli. 1; often in Polyb. [the 7; Gal. v. 5 (on this pass. cf. tXirls sub fin.) ; with the adv. in 2, 20, 10; 4,18, 6; 12, 28, 4 ; cf. W. 463 (431)] acc. of a pers., Christ in his return from heaven : PhiL and Plut.) * iii. 20; Heb. ix. 28. Cf. C. F. A. Fritzsche in Fritz4MTfp(-T|U|rot, -ov, (mpiTfimw), uncircumcised; metaph. schiorum Opuscc. p. 155 sq.; Win. De verb. comp. etc. Pt. arrtpiTprjroi rjj xapdip (Jer. ix. 26; Ezek. xliv. 7) «at T. iv. p. 14; [Ellic. on Gal. 1. c.]. (Scarcely found out of tict (Jer. vi. 10) whose heart and ears are covered, i. e. the N. T . ; Heliod. Aeth. 2, 35; 7, 23.)* whose soul and senses are closed to divine admonitions, ; 1 Macc. ¿r«c-64io|icu: 1 aor. cmtKbvaanijv; 1. wholly to put obdurate, Acts vii. 51. (Often in Sept. for offfrom one's self (airo denoting separation fr. what is i. 48; ii. 46; [Philo de migr. Abr. § 3 9 ] ; Plut. am. put off) : t6v naKativ mSpvmov, Col. iii. 9. 2. wholly prol. 3.)* to strip off for one's self (for one's own advantage), de, Aliai, pvo/uu, tas fuyaKov, Acts viii. 10 ; Heb. viii. 11 ; àpyeaiiai dirti era>fo>, v KTX. as an i n d e c l i n a b l e n o u n , for the we are indebted for what we know, receive, possess, [cf.W. purpose of indicating the meaning of the proper name 370 ( 3 4 7 ) n., also De verb. comp. etc. Pt. ii. p.7 sq. ; B . 324 n i r r ; cf. W . § IO, 2 fin. ; [ B . 50 ( 4 3 ) ] . (279) ; Mey. on 1 Co. xi. 2 3 ; per contra Bp. Lghtft. on (Jal. i. 12] : dieovriv, Acts ix. 13 ; 1 J n . i. 5 ; ytyùaictw, Mk. xv. 45 ; Xa/iSuveii/, Mt. xvii. 25 sq. ; 1 J n . ii. 27 ; iii. 22 L T T r W I I ; tXftv, 1 J n . iv. 21 ; 2 Co. ii. 3, etc. ; napaXafifiávtiv, 1 Co. xi. 23 ; òixtcrdat, Acts xxviii. 21 ; respecting pavdávtiv see above, I I . 1 d. ; \arptva> r ¿ dirò vpoyómv after the manner of the \arptla received from my forefathers [cf. W . 372 (349) ; B . 322 ( 2 7 7 ) ] , 2 Tim. i. 3. yívrrai ¡not, 1 Co. i. 30 ; iv. 5 ; \áptt dirò dtov or TOV Otov, from God, the author, bestower, Ro. i. 7 ; 1 Co. i. 3 ; Gal. i. 3, and often ; «al TOÙTO ¿irò dtov, Phil. i. 28. dw«7ToXor ¿aró etc., constituted an apostle by &»rifcority

V. In composition diro indicates separation, liberation, cessation, departure, as in diro/3oXXu, diroKÒirra>, dtroKvXiai, diroXvo, dirokvTptuTtr, diraXytu, airipxoficu ; finishing and completion, as in diraprifa, dirorcXew ; refers to the pattern from which a copy is taken, as in dnoypa(j>tui, à

60

«7roBíBafu

in the xiv. 21 (22)). sense of lose): Acts xxvii. 22 anoQokfi \jrvxV oMtpia one: Heb. vii. 5 ; (1 S. viii. 15,17). [B. D. s. v. Tithe.] * ¿«¿-Surras [so L T WH accent (and Eec. in 1 Tim. ii. rtrrat t£ ifiiiv no one of you shall lose his life [W. § 67, 3) ; al. ánodfKTÓs, cf. Lob. Paralip. p. 498; Gdttling p. 313 1 e.]. (Plat., Plut., al.) • d-rro-^tvojuu. : [2 aor. ); 1 aor.tnrcdoKi/iaira; Pass., seeds, which while being resolved into their elements in 1 aor. ántdoKiftá(T0j]v; pf. ptep. ánoit8oKipa(rpf vos; to dis- the ground seem to perish by rotting, J n . xii. 24 ; 1 Co. xv. approve, reject, repudiate: Mt. xxi. 4 2 ; Mk. viii. 31 ; xii. 36. H . tropically, in various senses; 1. of e t e r n a l 10; Lk. ix. 22; xvii. 25 ; xx. 17 ; 1 Pet. ii. 4, 7; Ileb. xii. death, as it is called, i. e. to be subject to eternal misery, 17. (Equiv. to DKO in Ps. cxvii. (cxviii.) 22; J e r . viii. 9, and that, too, already beginning on e a r t h : Ro. viii. 13; etc.; in Grk. writ. f r . Hdt. 6, 130 down.)* J n . vi. 5 0 ; xi. 26. 2. of m o r a l death, in various ¿To-Sox^j, -qr, f¡, (anoMxopuu, q. v.), reception, admis- senses; a. to be deprived of real life, i. e. esp. of the sion, acceptance, approbation, [A. V. acceptation] : 1 Tim. power of doing right, of confidence in God and the hope i. 15; iv. 9. (Polyb. 2, 56, 1; 6, 2, 13, etc.; ó \óyor < W of f u t u r e blessedness, Ro. vii. 10; of the spiritual torpor doxqt Tv/xóm id. 1, 5, 5 ; Diod. 4, 84 ; Joseph, antt. 6,14, of those who have fallen from the fellowship of Christ, the fountain of true life, Rev. iii. 2. b . with dat. of the 4 ; al. [cf. Field, Otium Norv. pars iii. p. 124].) * ¿*¿4* : 1 aor. anoKarrjKKa^a; 2 aor. pass. airoKanjK\dyj)Tc (Col. i. 22 (21) L T r mrg. W H mrg.); to reconcile completely (d»ro), [al. to reconcile back again, bring back to a former state of harmony; Ellic. on Epli. ii. i e ; Bp. Lghtft. or Bleek on Col. i. 20 ; Win. Do verb, comp. etc. Pt. iv. p. 7 sq.; yet see Mey. on Eph. 1. c.; Fritzsche on Rom. vol. i. p. 278; (see am V.)], (cf. KaraXXaV iravrmv, the restoration not only of the true theocracy but also of that more perfect state of (even physical) things which existed before the'fall, Acts iii. 21; cf. Meyer ad loc. (Often in Polyb., Diod., Plut., al.)* [Airo-icaT-Mmiv», see v to draw away the disciples to their own party, Acts xx. 30, (very similarly, AeL v. h. 13, 32). Pass, reflexively: anoairaadivrts air' avruv having torn ourselves from the embrace of our friends, Acts xxi. 1; mt. SYN. see fin.] «Saro-oTcpi», -a; 1 aor. anturiprfva; [Pass., pres. avo(7TipoC/«ji] ; pf. ptcp. air«rrcprifi(voi; to defraud, rob, despoil : absol., Mk. x. 19; 1 Co. vi. 8 ; riXA^Xour to withhold themselves from one another, of those who mutually deny themselves cohabitation, 1 Co. vii. 5. Mid. to allow one's self to be defrauded [ W . § 38, 3 ] : 1 Co. vi. 7; riva TIV IS (as in G r k . writ.), to deprive one of a thing; pass. anttrrtpwevoi rijr aXi/flet'ar, 1 Tim. vi. 5 [ W . 196 (185) ; B. 158 ( 1 3 8 ) ] ; Tt to defraud of a thing, to withdraw or keep back a thing by f r a u d : pass. purBbi ant art pr^iim, Jas. v. 4 ( T T r W H drftvareprifievos, see a(f)vs TOV nvpiov tls •naaav apttnetiav, to please him in all things, Col. i. 10; ix. 20. [From Horn, down.]* dfryipiov, -ou, TO, (fr. Spyvpos, q. v.), [fr. Hdt. down]; (of the desire to please G o d , in Philo, opif. § 50; de X. silver: Acts iii. 6 ; vii. 16 ; xx. 33 ; 1 Pet. i. 18; [1 profug. § 17 ; de victim. § 3 sub fin. In native Grk. writ, Co. iii. 12 T T r W H ] . 2. money : simply, Mt. xxv. commonly in a bad sense : Theophr. char. 3 ( 5 ) ; Polyb. 18, 27; Mk. xiv. 11; Lk. ix. 3; xix. 15, 23 ; xxii. 5; Acts 31, 26,5; Diod. 13,53; al.; [cf. Bp. Lghtft. on Col. 1. c.]).* dpfo-KM; impf. fjptaKov; fut. apto-at: 1 aor. rjpt, Theophr. ytXiov, Phil. iv. 15 (Clem. Rom. 1 Cor. 47, 2 [see note in de odor. § 51 [frag. 4, c. 11]) ; so Mk. ix. 50; Lk. xiv. Gebh. and Harn. ad loc. and cf.] Polyc. ad Philipp. 11,3); 84; metaph. o Xoyor ¿Xart qprvfitvos, full of wisdom and from the beginning of the gospel history, Lk. i. 2; from the commencement of life, Acts xxvi. 4 ; iv apxj, in the grace and hence pleasant and wholesome, Col. iv. 6.* 'Af+at&S, 6, Arphaxad, son of Shem (Gen. beginning, when the church was founded, Acts xi. 15. x. 22, 24; xi. 10,12, [cf. Jos. antt] 1, G,4]) : Lk. iii. 36* The acc. apxh» [cf. W. 124 (118) ; Bp. Lghtft. on Col. i. opX-AyyiXot, -ov, 6, (fr. apxh q. v., and cJyyfXor), a bibl. 18] and rr/v apxV" the Grk. writ. (cf. Lennep ad Phaand eccl. word, archangel, i. e. chief of the angels (Hebr. larid. p. 82 sqq. and p. 94 sqq. ed. Lips.; Brilckner in De "ifr chief, prince, Dan. x. 20; xii. 1), or one of the princes Wette's Ildbch. on John p. 151) is often used adverand leaders of the angels (D'Jtfton D'ljyn, Dan. x. 13): bially, i. q. 3X®s altogether, (properly, an acc. of ' direc1 Th. iv. 16 ; Jude 9. For the Jews after the exile dis- tion towards": usque ad initium, [cf. W. 280 (216) ; B. tinguished several orders of angels, and some (as the 158 (134)]), commonly followed by a negative, but not author of the book of Enoch, ix. 1 sqq.; cf. Dillfhann always [cf. e.g. Dio Cass. frag. 101 (93 Dind.); xiv. 84 ad loc. p. 97 sq.) reckoned f o u r angels (answering to (Dind. vol. ii. p. 194); lix. 20; lxii. 4; see, further, the four sides of the throne of God) of the highest rank; Lyeurg. § 125 ed. M'atzner]; hence that extremely diffibut others, and apparently the majority (Tob. xii. 15, cult passage, Jn. viii. 25 ri)v.. . vp.lv, must in my opinion where cf. Fritzsche: Rev. viii. 2), reckoned s e v e n be interpreted as follows: I am altogether or wholly (i. e. in (after the pattern of the seven Amshaspands, the high- all respects, precisely) that which I even speak to you (I est spirits in the religion of Zoroaster). See s. vv. ru- not only am, but also declare to you what I am; therefore you have no need to question me), [cf. W. 464 (432) ; B. Pptrfk and Mi^aijX.* apxato«, -aia, -alov, (fr. apxij beginning, hence) prop. 253 (218)]. apxi/v \apfiamv to take beginning, to begin, that has been from the beginning, original, primeval, old, Ileb. ii. 8. with the addition of the gen. of the thing ancient, used of men, things, times, conditions: Lk. ix. spoken of: ¿divav, Mt. xxiv. 8 ; Mk. xiii. 8 (9) [(here 8,19; Acts xv. 7, 21; xxi. 16; 2 Pet, ii. 5 ; Rev. xii. 9; R G plur.) ; TUV (Tripriuv, Jn. ii. 11] ; {¡p.v, Heb. vii. 8; xx. 2; oi dpxaioi the ancients, the early Israelites: Mt. rou tvayyrXiov, that from which the gospel history took v. 21, 27 [Ree.], 33; ra apxaia the man's previous moral its beginning, Mk. i. 1 ; ri}c vjroordo-««, the confidence condition: 2 Co. v. 17. (In Grk. writ. fr. Pind. and with which we have made a beginning, opp. to fttxP* TiXous, Heb. iii. 14. TO arotxeia Trje apxqt, Heb. v. 12 Hdt. down.)* (rrjc apxr/s is added for greater explicitness, as in Lat. ru[STN. &px*~of, wa\at6t: in wa\. the simple idea of dimenta prima, Liv. 1,3; Justin, hist. 7,5; and/>rtma time dominates, while ipx- (" or av£op.ai, and Pind. except av^avoi F r . 1 SO ( B e r g k ) ' ] ) a6(a ( E p h . ii. 21; CoL ii. 19); impf. TjCfrwor; fut. av^ijcra; 1 aor. rjufaaa; [Pass., pres. av£a»ofuu] ; 1 aor. t)v£ri6riv; 1. trans, to cause to grow, to augment: 1 Co. iii. 6 Rq.; 2 Co. ix. 10. Pass, to grow, increase, become greater: Mt. xiii. 32; Mk. iv. 8 L T T r W H ; 2 Co. x. 15; Col. i. 6 [not Rec.]; tit rijv tntyvaxrtv row Stov unto the knowledge of God, Col. i. 10 (G L T T r W H rg emyvaxm rov 6tov) ; it's trarripiav [not Rec.] to the attaining of salvation, 1 Pet. ii. 2. 2. acc. to later usage (fr. Aristot. an. post. 1,13 p. 78b, 6, etc., down; but nowhere in Sept. [cf. B. 54 (47) ; 145 (127) ; W . § 3 8 , 1 ] ) intrans. to grow, increase: of plants, Mt. vi. 28; Mk. iv. 8 Rec.; Lk. xii. 27 [not T d f . ; T r mrg. br. o i f ] ; Lk. xiii. 19; of infants, Lk. i. 80; ii. 4 0 ; of a multitude of people, Acts vii. 17. of inward Christian g r o w t h : tls Xpurrov, in reference to [ W . 397 ( 3 7 1 ) ; yet cf. Ellic. ad loc.] Christ, E p h . iv. 15 ; tic vaov, so as to form a temple, Eph. ii. 21; tv xripirt, 2 Pet. iii. 18 ; with an acc. of the substance, rrjv avfao-tv, Col. ii. 19 [cf. W . § 32, 2; B. § 131, 5, also Bp. Lghtft-'s note ad loc.]; of the external increase of the gospel it is said 6 Xoyos t)C£avt: Acts vi. 7 ; xii. 24; xix. 20; of the growing authority of a teacher and the number of his adherents (opp. to tXarrovaffat), J n . iii. 30. [ C O M P . : aw, vntp-av£ava>.'} *

afifiprif, -ta>s, i), (af(o>), increase, growth : E p h . iv. 16; TOO Otov, effected by God, Col. ii. 19; cf. Meyer ad loc. ( [ H d t . ] , Thuc., Xen., Plat., and subseq. writ.)* av£e>, see av£av to dry up), harsh (Lat. au~ sterus), stringent of taste, avarrjpbu «al y\vKv (cal itucpov), aiXijrVjs, -ov, o, (avXca), a flute-player: Mt. ix. 23 ; Rev. Plat. legg. 10, 897 a . ; ohms, Diog. Laert. 7, 117. of xviii. 22. (In Grk. writ. f r . [Theogn. and] Hdt. 6, 60 mind and manners, harsh, rough, rigid, [cf. Trench down.) * § xiv.] : Lk. xix. 21, 22; (Polyb. 4, 20, 7; Uiog. Laert. a4X(lo|icu: depon.; impf. t?uXifo/i>)i>; 1 aor. r)vkip a thief, tfiwpa a t h e f t ) , t h e same opinion, 1 Co. i. 10; ovtibifaiv, not in the same manner but r e p r o a c h e d him w i t h the same, cast on him [ f r . Soph, d o w n ] ; p r o p , caught in the act of theft; then any other crime; the same reproach, M t . xxvii. 44, (ùutiòlfciv rotavra, Soph. u n i v . caught in the act of perpetrating O e d . Col. 1002). r à avTa: A c t s xv. 2 7 ; R o . ii. 1 ; E p h . v e r y o f t e n in t h e p h r a s e s in' avro (as one w o r d p a s s . \apfiav(tr8ai, Karakapvi. 9. tiri TÒ avrò [ R e e * passim frriroauro] ( H e s y c h . tnavroa>pcp) nva \apfia»tiv, ópov, (VI TOv aìrròv TOITOV), to the same place, in the same &aMt). h . to leave so that what is left may re\idos rirl \l6or xv. 37 ( G e n . xlv. 2 and often in G r k . w r i t . ; [cf. Heinichen main, leave remaining: ov pfj a(f>(&rj on Euseb. h. e. 8 , 1 4 , 1 7 ] ) . o. to let go, let alone, let be; [or AW], Mt. x x i v . 2; M k . xiii. 2 ; L k . x x i . 6. i. a. to disregard: Mt. x v . 14. f3. to leave, not to discuss foil, by the acc. of a noun or pron. with an acc. of the now, a t o p i i , used of teachers, writers, speakers, e t c . : predicate [ B . § 144, 1 8 ] : L k . x. 30 {^nBavrj)-, J n . x i v . Heb. vi. 1, ( E u r . A n d r . 392; T h e o p h r . char, praef. § 3 ; 18 (rira apfpapov) ; M t . xxiii. 38; L k . xiii. 35, (but Lchm. for other examples fr. G r k . writ, see B l e e k on Heb. vol. om. (pripos in both pass., W H txt. om. in Mt., G T T r iL 2 p. 144 sq.), [al. take the word in Heb. 1. c. as expres- W I I om. in L u k e ; that being omitted, ¿(jutvat means to sive of the duty of the readers, rather than the purpose of abandon, to leave destitute of (1 oil's h e l p ) ; A c t s xiv. 1 7 the w r i t e r ; and consequently refer the passage t o 3 be- (¿pdprvpor iavrov [ L T T r avrAv ( W H avr. q. v . ) ] ) . low]. y. to omit, neglect: Mt. xxiii. 23, [ L k . xi. 42 R G ] ; &4>hicv«o|mu, -oO^q, ; 2 aor. atpiKopijv; (¡mio/iai to c o m e ) ; M k . vii. 8; Ro. i. 27. d . to let go, give up, a debt, by not v e r y often in G r k . writ. f r . Horn, d o w n ; to come from demanding it (opp. to Kparttv, Jn. x x . 23), i. e. to remit, (diro) a place (but often the prep, has almost lost its forgive : T6 idvttoi/, M t . xviii. 2 7 ; nji> o(f>fiXrjv, M t . xviii. f o r c e ) ; to come to, arrive at; in the N . T . once, t r o p i c a l l y : 32 ; r a ¿(fxtkripara, M t . vi. 1 2 ; ra wapaTrrapara, vi. 14 sq. ; Ro. xvi. 19 (ypMV imaKofi *ls wavrat aUtro your obediM k . xi. 25 sq. [ T T r W H om. verse 26] ; Tar ¿paprtat, TCL ence has reached the ears of [ A . V . is come abroad unto~\ ¿paprrfpaTa, ras avofilas, M t . ix. 2, 5 sq.; xii. 3 1 ; M k . ii. 5, all m e n ; Sir. xlvii. 16 tit vrjtrovt dUtro t6 ovopd trov. 7 ; iii. 2 8 ; L k . v. 20 sq. 23; Ro. iv. 7 (fr. Ps. x x x i . ( x x x i i . ) Joseph, antt. 1 9 , 1 , 16 fir th diarpov • . . aiKtTo 6 Xoyot).* 1 ) ; 1 J n . i. 9 ; J a s . v. 15, (Is. xxii. 14 ; x x x i i i . 24, etc.) ; ¿4>iX-&ya0o«, -o", (a priv. and 24) ; absolutely, auvat rtvi to 30; TA XP*ai only in 2 T i m . iii. 3.* forgive one : M t . xii. 32; xviii. 21, 35 ; M k . iv. 1 2 ; L k . ¿^iX-dfryvpos, -on, (a priv. and (j>i\afryvpos), not loving xi. 4 ; xii. 10; x v i i . 3 sq.; xxiii. 34 [ L br. W H reject the money, not avaricious; only in the N . T . , twice viz. 1 pass.], e. to give up, keep no longer: TT/V npaynjv aycarqv, T i m . iii. 3 ; H e b . xiii. 5. [ C f . T r e n c h § x x i v . ] * Rev. ii. 4. 2. to permit, allow, not to hinder; a . foil, b y -tws, 17, (¿(piKviofiat), in G r k . writ, generally a pres. inf. [ B . 258 ( 2 2 2 ) ] : M k . x. 1 4 ; L k . xviii. 16 Stfurt arrival; more rarely departure, as Hdt. 9, 1 7 ; D e m . tpXf «al oviliv avrav [ L T T r W H om. to exclude as disreputable, Lk. vi. 22; in a good sense, rtva aùr.] 5avov, i. e. there is no language destitute of the cts TI, to appoint, set apart, one for some purpose (to do power of language, [R. V. txt. no kind (of voice) is withsomething), Acts xiii. 2 ; Ro. i. 1; rtva foil, by a telic out signification], (cf. the phrases jSi'or àftiarros a life unuse inf., Gal. i. 15 [(?) see the Comm. ad loc.]. ([Soph.], Eur., worthy of the name of life, xoppas tit TOV Peloponnesus. 2. in a broader sense, fr. B. C. 146 j3tov Karaktiirovat), and often in Grk. writ.; Xapfiavav, to on [yet see Diet, of Geog. s. v.], a Roman province emtake occasion, find an incentive, Ro. vii. 8, 11 ; didovtu, 2 bracing all Greece except Thessaly. So in the N. T. : Co. v. 12; 1 Tim. v. 14, (3 Macc. iii. 2; both phrases often Acts xviii. 12, 27 ; xix. 21 ; Ro. xv. 26 ; xvi. 5 Ree. : 1 also in Grk. writ.); 2 Co. xi. 12; Gal. v. 13. On the mean- Co. xvi. 15 ; 2 Co. i. 1 ; ix. 2 ; xi. 10 ; 1 Th. i. 7 sq. [B. D . ings of this word see Viger. ed. Herm. p. 81 sq.; Phryn. s. v.] * ed. Lob. p. 223 sq.; [ R u t h e r f o r d , New Phryn. p. 304]. * 'Axautóf, -oO, 0, A chaicus, the name of a Christian of ¿4>p({«); (dpor) ; to foam : Mk. ix. 18, 20. (Soph. El. Corinth : 1 Co. xvi. 17.* 719; Diod. 3, 10; Athen. 11, 43 p. 472 a.; [al.].) ¿xApioTos, -ov, (xapl^opai), ungracious ; a. unpleasing [ C O M P . : ¿7t-a(ftpt(a).'] * (Horn. Od. 8, 236 ; 20, 392; Xen. oec. 7, 37 ; al.). b. &pds, -ov, ¿, foam: Lk. ix. 39. (Horn. II. 20, 168; unthankful (so in Grk. writ. fr. Hdt. 1, 90 down) : L k . [al.].) • vi. 35 ; 2 Tim. iii. 2. (Sir. xxix. 17 ; Sap. xvi. 29.) * o4>poV TOV ¿XPFIOTOROV); by a n h y p e r b o l e of pious modesty in L k . xvii. 10 ' t h e s e r v a n t ' calls himself ¿xpt'tov, because, although h e h a s d o n e all, y e t h e h a s done nothing e x c e p t w h a t h e o u g h t t o h a v e d o n e ; accordingly he possesses no m e r i t, a n d could only claim to b e called 'profitable,' should h e d o m o r e t h a n w h a t h e is b o u n d t o d o ; cf. B e n g e l a d loc. ( O f t e n in G r k . writ. f r . Horn, d o w n ; X e n . mem. 1, 2, 54 nxpttov Kat avax^)fXfs. S e p t . 2 S. vi. 22 equiv. to low, base.) [ S y n . cf. T i t t m a n n ii. p. 11 s q . ; Ellic. on Philem. 11.] * ¿xfMuW, -£3, Chald. contr. f r . ^£3), lord: Ro. xi. 4. This was the name of the supreme heavenly divinity worshipped by the Shemitic nations (the Phoenicians, Canaanites, Babylonians, Assyrians), often also by the Israelites themselves, and represented by the S u n : ijj BaaX, Ro. xi. 4. Cf. Win. R W B . [and B B . D D . ] s. v. and J. G. Müller in Herzog i. p. 637 sqq.; A/err in Schenkel i. 322 sqq.; Schlottmann in Riehm p. 126 sq. Since in this form the supreme power of nature g e n e r a t i n g all things, and consequently a m a l e deity, was worshipped, with which the f e m a l e deity Astarte was associated, it is hard to explain why the Sept. in some places say 3 to confound, acc. to Gen. xi. ft; cf. Aeschyl. Pers. 52 Baßv\ai> 8' f) jroXt'fXpviros irapfUKTov o^Kov irtpnei crvp&rjv. But more correctly, as it seems, fr. ^3 3X3 the gate i. e. the court or city of Bein.* [Assvr. Bäb-Il the Gate of God; (peril, of H, the supreme G o d ) ; cf. Schräder, Keilinschr. u. d.

ßadvvta Alt. Test. 2te Aufl. p. 127 sq.; Oppert in the Zeitsch. d. Deutsch. Morg. Gesellschaft, viii. p. 135]), Babylon, formerly a very celebrated and large city, the residence of the Babylonian kings, situated on both banks of the Euphrates. Cyrus had formerly captured it, but Darius Hystaspis threw down its gates and walls, and Xerxes destroyed [?] the temple of Belus. At length the city was reduced almost to a solitude, the population having been drawn off by the neighboring Seleucia, built on the Tigris by Seleucus Nicanor. [Cf. Prof. Rawlinson in B. D. s. v. and his Herodotus, vol. i. Essays vi. and viii., vol. ii. Essay iv.] The name is used in the N". T. 1. of the city itself: Acts vii. 43; 1 Pet. v. 13 (where some have understood Babylon, a small town in Egypt, to be referred t o ; but in opposition cf. Mayerhoff, Einl. in die petrin. Schriften, p. 126 sqq.; [cf. 3 fin. below]). 2. of the territory, Babylonia: Mt. i. 11 sq. 17; [often so in Grk. writ.]. 3. allegorically, of Rome as the most corrupt seat of idolatry and the enemy of Christianity: Rev. xiv. 8 [here Ree.' 1 ' Baßov\a>i>]; xvi. 19; xvii. 5 ; xviii. 2, 10, 21, (in the opinion of some 1 Pet. v. 13 also; [cf. 1 fin. above]).* ßaOfot, adv., deeply: Spdpnv ßaßiais sc. SVTOC (cf. Bnhdy. p. 338), deep in the morning, at early dawn, Lk. xxiv. 1 L T T r W H ; so Meyer ad loc. But ßadtas here is more correctly taken as the Attic form of the gen. f r . ßaövs, q. v.; cf. B. 26 (23) ; [Lob. Phryn. p. 247].* ßo6|iäf, -ov, Tt Tin, to throw, cast, ffKiffLrfv; 1 aor. ifSktf6r)v; 1 fut. f3\r)6ri; [impf. tficmrifav] ; f u t . /Sanrura); 1 aor. e'/3a- formed, vdaTi, see bb.below, b . with P r e p o s i t i o n s ; irnaa; Pass., [pres./3atrn£b/iat]; impf. i/3airri£oprjv; pf. a a . els, to mark the e l e m e n t into which the immersion ptcp. fitfiamurpivos; 1 aor. i$aTni, to imbue richly with irri(optvoi 8iff3aivov, Polyb. 3, 7 2 , 4 ; [for exx. see Soph. the Holy Spirit, (just as its large bestowment is called an Lex. s. v.; also T. J. Conant, Baptizein, its meaning and outpouring) : Mt. iii. 11 ; M k . i. 8 [ L T r br. iv] ; Lk. iii. use, N . Y. 1864 (printed also as an A p p . to their revised 16 ; J n . i. 3 3 ; Acts i. 5 ; xi. 16 ; with the addition xal irvpi version of t h e Gosp. of Mt. by the " Am. Bible Union " ) ; to overwhelm with fire (those who do not r e p e n t ) , i. e- to and esp. four works by J . W . Dale entitled Classic, J u - subject them to the terrible penalties of hell, M t . iii. 11. daic, Johannic, Christie, Baptism, Phil. 1867 sqq.; D. B. tv &VSPATi TOV Kvpiov, by the authority of t h e L o r d , Acts c c . l'ass. «Vi [ L T r W H «V] r y ovipari 'iijtroO Ford, Studies on the B a p t . Quest, (including a review of x. 41. D r . Dale's works), Bost. 1879]). II. I n the N . T . it Xpiirrov, relying on t h e name of J e s u s Christ, i. e. reposd d . imtp rip is used particularly of the rite of sacred ablution, first in- ing one's hope on him, A c t s ii. 38. stituted by J o h n the Baptist, a f t e r w a r d s by Christ's com- vtKpüv on behalf of the dead, i. e. to promote'their eternal mand received by Christians and adjusted to the con- salvation by undergoing baptism in their stead, 1 Co. xv. tents and nature of their religion (see fiawrurpa, 3), viz. 29; cf. [ W . 175 (165) ; 279 ( 2 6 2 ) ; 382 ( 3 5 8 ) ; M e y e r ( o r a n immersion in water, performed as a sign of the re- B e e t ) a d loc.]; esp. N e a n d e r a d loc.; Rücken, P r o g r . moval of sin, and administered to those who, impelled by on the passage, J e n . 1847; Paret in E w a l d ' s J a h r b . d . a desire for salvation, sought admission to the benefits bibl. Wissensch, ix. p. 2 4 7 ; [cf. B. D. s. v. Baptism X I L of t h e Messiah's k i n g d o m ; [for patristic reff. respecting Alex.'s Kitto ibid. VI.].* the mode, ministrant, subjects, etc. of the rite, cf. Soph. Lex. s. v . ; Diet, of Chris. Antiq. s. v. Baptism], a. T h e word is used a b s o l u t e l y , to administer the rite of ablution, to baptize, (Vulg. baptizo-, Tertull. tingo, tingtto, [cf. mergito, de corona mil. §"3]): M k . i. 4 ; J n . i. 25 sq. 2 8 ; iii. 22 sq. 2 6 ; iv. 2; x. 4 0 ; 1 Co. i. 17 ; with the cognate noun TA fiairrurpa, Acts xix. 4 ; 6 fiairrifav substantively

pin-rurjia, -TOS, TO, (ßamifa), a word peculiar to N . T . and eccl. writ., immersion, submersion', 1. used trop. of calamities and afflictions with which one is quite overwhelmed : Mt. xx. 22 sq. R e c . ; M k . x. 38 sq.; Lk. xii. 50, (see ßairrlfa, I. 3). 2. of J o h n ' s baptism, t h a t purificatory rite by which men on confessing their sins were bound to a spiritual reformation, obtained the par-

ßa-JTTUTfi66a\Rev. xix. 13 [Tdf. jrcpiptpafipivov, see s. v. ircpippaivw; pol ¡3f@apT)p*voi, sc. v7rvcot weighed down with sleep, Mk. WII ptpcaniopivov, see pavrlfc}. (Hdt. 7, 67; Anth. 11, xiv. 40 (L T T r W I I KaTaPapvmptvot) ; Mt. xxvi. 43; 68; Joseph, antt. 3, 6, 1.) [Comp. : tp.-ßäjrra>.~\ * with vnvtp added, Lk. ix. 32; iv (3) Kpainaky, Lk. xxi. Chald. 13 [cf. Ps. ii. 12; Prov. xxxi. 2] ; ßap 'lavä 34 Rec. fiapvv$a> L txt. T T r four vast and mighty kingdoms had succeeded one an- W H ] ; 8, E x . xxviii. 2 0 ; x x x v i . 20 ( x x x i x . 13)). Cf. Win. R W B . s. v. Edelsteine, 1 1 ; [esp. Riehm, I I W B . ib. 3 a n d 12].* 0ta, -as, rj; 1 . strength, w h e t h e r of body or of mind : Horn, and subseq. writ. 2. strength in violent action, force: prra /3ias by t h e use of force, with violence, A c t s v. 26 ; xxiv. 7 [ R e c . ] ; shock TUV KvpAraiv, A c t s xxvii. 41

1 3 ; 9, 2 ] ) , Bethlehem, (DTI^ r r 3 house of b r e a d ) , a little town, n a m e d f r o m t h e fertility of its soil, six R o m a n miles south of J e r u s a l e m ; now Beit Lachm, w i t h about 3000 [ " 5000 ", B a e d e k e r ] i n h a b i t a n t s : M t . ii. 1, 5 sq. 8, 16; L k . i i . 4 , 15; J n . vii. 42. Cf. Win. R W ' B . s . v.; Rob- [ R G , b u t T r t x t . b r . al. o m . rav KVFTARAi>] ; 8ia T. /Siav TOV inson i. p. 470 sqq.; R a u m e r p. 313 s q q . ; Tobler, Beth- o^Xou, t h e crowd pressing on so violently, A c t s xxi. 35. lehem in P a l ä s t i n a u.s.w. 1849; [Socin ( i . e . B a e d e k e r ) , [SYN.. see bvvafus, fin.] * f3U£a: (;8la); to use force, to apply force; TWO, to H d b k . etc., s. v . ; Porter (i. e. M u r r a y ) i b . ; B B . D U . ] . * B«|e; impf. c'/SXatTt^ij/ioux; 1 aor. cj3\aa; Acts ix. 9 ; Ro. xi. 8, 10; irciv ano rtvot (i. q. sibi cavere ab aliquo) to beware of one Rev. iii. 18, etc. (Soph. Oed. Col. 73; Arstph. Plut. 15; [ W . 223 (209), cf. 39 (38); B. 242 (209), cf. 323 (278)], Xen. mem. 1, 3, 4 ; Ael. v. h. 6, 12, etc. Ex. iv. 11; Mk. viii. 15; xii. 38; look to in the sense of providing, xxiii. 8, etc. Tob. xi. 15). t6 0X/*r«v sight, the power taking care-, foil, by Iva, 1 Co. xvi. 10; foil, by prj with of seeing, Lk. vii. 21 ( G L T T r W I I o m . TO). b . to subj. aor., Mt. xxiv. 4 ; Mk. xiii. 5; Lk. xxi. 8; Acts xiii. perceive by the use of the eyes, to see, look, descry; o. 40; 1 Co. viii. 9 (prprats); x. 12; Gal. v. 15; Heb. xii. absol.: ffKtirovrav avrav while they were looking, Acts i. 25; foil, by prj with fut. indie., Col. ii. 8 ; Ileb. iii. 12. 9 ; [xxii. 11 T r m r g . W H mrg.]; ipxov *al /SXfVf, Rec. in The Grks. say opiv pfj, [cf. W . 503 (468 sq.); B. 242 sq. 3. in a geographical sense, like Lat. specto Rev. vi. 1, 3, 5, 7. p. with acc. of pers. or thing: Mt. (209)]. [Eng. look'], of places, mountains, buildings, etc., turned vii. 3 ; xi. 4 ; xxiv. 2; Mk. v. 31; viii. 23 sq.; xiii. 2 ; Lk. vi. 4 1 ; xxiv. 12 [ T om. L T r br. W H reject the vs.]; towards any quarter, as it were facing i t : foil, by Kara J n . i. 29; Acts iv. 14, etc.; [Rev. xviii. 18 Rec. opuvrtt]; with acc., Acts xxvii. 12 [cf. B. D. Am. ed. s. v. Phenice], rrjv (fxovrjv, him who uttered the voice, Rev. i. 12; opapa, (Sept. [Num. xxi. 20] ; Ezek. xi. 1 ; [xliv. 1; xlvii. 1]; Acts xii. 9 ; he who has free access to one, as princes, n-pit, Xen. Hell. 7, 1, 17; mem. 3, 8, 9 ; Hdian. 6, 5, 2 ; ministers, and personal friends have to a king, is said Diog. Laert. 1, 2, 4 8 ; Sept. Ezek. ix. 2 ; xl. 24; [xlvi. /3X. TO vpovamov rums ( ^ B H ' J 3 'N1!, 2 K. xxv. 19 ; J e r . 1]; tit, viii. 3, etc. [for other exx. see Soph. Lex. s. v.]). Iii. 25 ; Esth. i. 14) ; hence in Mt. xviii. 10 angels of [SYN. see s. v. ¿paw. COMP. : am-, ano-, dw-, tfi-, tirt-, closest access or of highest rank are referred to (see ntpi-, irpo^3Xeiro».] dpx? and 1TJJ; in Grk. writ. f r . Tliuc. and Xen. d o w n ) ; plur. helps: Acts xxvii. 17 [see Ilackett ad loc.; B.D. s. v. Ship 4 ; Smith, Voyage and Shipwr. of St. Paul, pp. 106 sq. 204 sq.; cf. viro(a>vvvpi]*

Potj-8«'«, S>; 1 aor. jua). (2 Macc. xv. 5 ; in Grk. writ. f r . Plat, down.) [SYN\ cf. &'Ao), fin.] * povXofiov, 2 pers. sing. /SouXu Lk. xxii. 42 (Attic for ^OOXIJ, cf. W . § 13, 2 a . ; B. 42 ( 3 7 ) ) ; impf. i/3oi/X, see 0tXa>, fin.*

1 Co. ix. 24; metaph. of the heavenly reward for Christian character, Phil. iii. 14. (Oppian, cyn. 4, 197; Lycophr. 1154; vnopovijc 13p. Clem. Rom. 1 Cor. 5, 5 [where see Lghtft., Gebh. and H a m . ] ; a(}>6apirias,Mart. Polyc. 17.)* ppaptv«; in Grk. writ. f r . Isoc. and Dem. down; 1. to be a fipafitvs or umpire (see PpaQtiov). 2. to decide, determine. 3. to direct, control, rule: Col. iii. 15 [where see Meyer; contra, Bp. Lghtft. COMP. : xara-£/>a/9FV.] * PpaSvva; (fipa&vs) ; to delay, be slow; 1. rarely trans, to render slow, retard: rfjv Ka; see ßtb. j. 7, 7,4), i. e. by craft or by force to bind one to some ßp. necessity, to constrain him to obey some command, 1 Co. ßu6(&»; [pres. pass. /Svöifcyiai]; (ßv86t, q. v.); to vii. 35.* Pfnryprf«, -oS, o, (3pvxv oiivrav added, a phrase denoting the extreme an- ships (as Polyb. 2,10, 5 ; 16, 3, 2; [Aristot., Diod., al.]), guish and utter despair of men consigned to eternal so that they began to sink, Lk. v. 7; metaph. nva tit oXrcondemnation, Mt. viii. 12; xiii. 42, 5 0 ; xxii. 13; xxiv. 6pov [A. V. drown], 1 Tim. vi. 9 * 51 ; xxv. 30 ; Lk. xiii. 28. (In Sir. li. 3 /Spvy/xor is atßvOfe, -öS, o, the bottom (of a ditch or trench, Xen. oec. tributed to beasts, which gnash the teeth as they attack 1 9 , 1 1 ) ; the bottom or depth of the sea, often in Grk. writ, their prey; in Prov. xix. 12 Sept. for DHJ snarling, fr. Aeschyl. Prom. 432 down; the sea itself, the deep sea: growling; in the sense of biting, Nic. th. 716, to be de- 2 Co. xi. 25, as in Ps. cvi. (cvii.) 24; so Lat. profundum rived fr. fipvicto to bite; cf. Fritzsche on Sir. as above, in Lucan, Phars. 2, 680 " profundi ora videns." * p. 308.)* ßvp»], 11, 12 ; plur. (referringassigns the reason why now at length Jesus betook himapparently to the several acts of feasting), Mt. xxii. 2 self into Galilee; for the authority denied to a prophet sqq. 9 ; xxv. 10; Lk. xii. 36; xiv. 8, (cf. W. § 27, 3; B. in his own country (Galilee), he had previously to seek 23 (21)). 2. marriage, matrimony: Heb. xiii. 4.* and obtain among strangers; cf. 45; Meyer [yet see ed. •yAp, a conjunction, which acc. to its composition, yi 6 (Weiss)] ad loc.; Strauss, Leben Jesu, i. 725 ed. 3; and Spa (i. q. ap), is properly a particle of a f f i r m a - Neander, Leben Jesu, p. 385 sq. ed. 1 [Am. trans, pp. t i o n and c o n c l u s i o n , denoting truly therefore, verily 100, 168]; Ewald, Jahrbb. d. bibl. Wissensch. x. p. 108 2. Often the sentences are connected in such a as the case stands, " the thing is first affirmed by the par- sqq. ticle yi, and then is referred to what precedes by the way that either some particular statement is established force of the particle Upa" (Klotz ad Devar. ii. 1, p. by a general proposition (' the particular by the uni232; cf. Kühner ii. p. 724 ; [Jelf § 786 ; W. 445 (415) versal '), as in Mt. vii. 8 ; xiii. 12; xxii. 14 ; Mk. iv. 22, sq.]). Now since by a new affirmation not infrequently 25; Jn. ill. 20; 1 Co. xii. 12; Heb. v. 13, etc.; or what the reason and nature of something previously men- has been stated generally, is proved to be correctly tioned are set forth, it comes to pass that, by the use stated by a particular instance (' the universal by the of this particle, either the reason and cause of a forego- particular') : Mk. vii. 10; Lk. xii. 52, 58; Ro. vii. 2; 1 ing statement is added, whence arises the c a u s a l or Co. i. 26; xii. 8. ' 3. To sentences in which somea r g u m e n t a t i v e force of the particle, for (Lat. nam, thing is commanded or forbidden, ydp annexes the reaen im; Germ, denn) ; or some previous declaration is ex- son why the thing must cither be done or avoided : Mt. plained, whence ydp takes on an e x p l i c a t i v e force: i. 20 sq.; ii. 20; iii. 9 ; vii. 2; Ro. xiii. 11; Col. iii. 3;

ydp

110

1 Th. iv. 3 ; Heb. ii. 2, and very often. In Phil. ii. 13 yap connects the verse with vs. 12 thus: work out your salvation with most intense earnestness, for nothing short of this accords with God's saving efficiency within your souls, to whom you owe both the good desire and the power to execute that desire. 4. To questions, yip annexes the reason why the question is asked: Mt. ii. 2 (we ask this with good reason, for we have seen the star which announces his birth) ; Mt. xxii. 28; Ro. xiv. 10; 1 Co. xiv. 9; Gal. i. 10. 5. Frequently the statement which contains the cause is interrogative; ris, ri yap: Lk. xxii. 27; Ro. iv. 3 ; xi. 34; 1 Co. ii. 16 ; vii. 16; Heb. i. 5 ; xii. 7 ; ri yap for ri yap ttrri, Ro. iii. 3 (cf. Fritzsche ad loc.; [Ellic. on Phil. i. 18]) ; "va ri yap, 1 Co. x. 29 ; iroia yap, Jas. iv. 14 [WH txt. om. Tr br. yap]. 6. Sometimes in answers it is so used to make good the substance of a preceding question that it can be rendered yea, assuredly: 1 Co. ix. 10; 1 Th. ii. 20; cf. Kühner ii. p. 724. 7. Sometimes it confirms, not a single statement, but the point of an entire discussion : Ro. ii. 25 (it is no advantage to a wicked Jew,/or etc.). On the other hand, it may so confirm but a s i n g l e thought as to involve the force of asseveration and be rendered assuredly, yea : Ro. xv. 27 (ti86iaj; fut. ytXatrto (in Grk. writ, more com. yiKatro/xat[B. 53 (46); W. 84 (80)]); [fr. Horn, down]; to laugh: Lk. vi. 21 (opp. to xkai«), 25. [COMP. : Kara-yrXaa).] * Y^Xus, -wot, 6, laughter: Jas. iv. 9. [From Horn, down.]* -y: 1 aor. iyifufra ; Pass., [pres. yf pi^o/iai] ; 1 aor. iy€ftia6r)v\ (yi/xa), q. v.); to Jill, Jill Jull; a. absol. in pass.: Mk. iv. 37; Lk. xiv. 23. b . ri TWOS, to fill a thing full of something: Mk. xv. 36 ; Jn. ii. 7; vi. 13; Rev. xv. 8, (Aeschyl. Ag. 443 ; al.) ; rl AN& TU/OS, of that which is used for filling, Lk. xv. 16 [not W H T r m r g . ] ; also in the same sense T! ?K TWOS, Rev. viii. 5; [cf. Lk. xv. 16 in W H mrg.], (JO «So, EX. xvi. 32; Jer. li. 34, etc. [cf.

113

lància

ffallta, -aror, ró, (fr. yivopai), a form supported by the mostly in pass., «V $tov or öc TOV Otov ¿ytwi]6r)") ; nation (i. e. nationality or descent from a particular people) : Mk. vii. 26 ; Acts iv. 36 ; xviii. 2, 24. d. concr. the aggregate of many indi•

114

Tepaa"r)voin on Mt. 1. c.; [Lchm.]; Mk. v. 1 [L T W H T r txt.]; Lk. viii. 26 and 37 Meyer on J n . I. c.; Bleek, Liinem., Alf. on Heb. 1. c.]. 3. to [L T r W H ] acc. to very many codd. seen by Origen. But foil, by Sri: 1 P e t ii. 3 (Ps. xxxiii. (xxxiv.) 9). since Gerasa was a city situated in the southern part of take food, eat: absol., Acts x. 10; xx. 11; cf. Kypke, Per®a (Joseph. I. c., cf. 4, 9, 1), or in Arabia (Orig. Observv. ii. p. 47 ; to take nourishment, eat — [but subopp. iv. 140 ed. De la Rue), that cannot be referred to stantially as above], with gen. pjfbfvos, Acts xxiii. 14; with here; see radaprjvds, and the next word.* the ellipsis of a gen. denoting unlawful food, Col. ii. 21.* ytapt/iu, - ytyovis, Lk. ii. [36 and] 64 (62); [B. 15 (14)].* 'Wp&rK»oryrjpaoi: 1 aor. eyjjpacra; fr. Horn, down; [cf. 15; ra piWovraylvttrOai, Lk. xxi. 36; Acts xxvi. 22; rrjv W. 92 (88) ; Donaldson, New Crat. § 387] ; to grow old : avaoTamv ¡¡St] ytyovtvai, 2 Tim. ii. 18 ; ffavarov ytvopivov Jn. xxi. 18; of things, institutions, etc., to fail from age, a death having taken place (Germ, nach erfolgtem Tode), be obsolescent: Heb. viii. 13 (to be deprived of force and Heb. ix. 15. pjj yivoiro, a formula esp. freq. in Paul (and authority; [here associated with irakaiovptvos — the lat- in Epictetus, cf. Schweigh. Index Graec. in Epict. p. 392), ter (used only of things) marking the lapse of time, while far be it! God forbid ! [cf. Morison, Exposition of Rom. •yqpafTKw carries with it a suggestion of the waning iii., p. 31 sq.] : Lk. xx. 16; Ro. iii. 4, 6, 31; vi. 2,15 ; vii. strength, the decay, incident to old age (cf. Schmidt ch. 7, 13; ix. 14; xi. 1, 11 ; 1 Co. vi. 15; Gal. ii. 17; iii. 21 46, 7; Theophr. caus. pi. 6, 7, 5) : " that which is becom- (equiv. to nS'Sn, Josh. xxii. 29, etc.); cf. Sturz, De dial. Maced. etc. p. 204 sq.; ri ytyovtv, ori etc. what has come ing old and faileth for age " etc.]).* yCvopai (in Ionic prose writ, and in com. Grk. fr. Aristot. to pass, that etc. i. q. for what reason, why ? Jn. xiv. 22 (ri on for Attic yiyvopai); [impf. iyiv6pt)v] ; fut. ytvrjiropMi; 2 tytvero, on. . • Eccles.-vii. 11(10); ri ttrnv, as etc., Eur. b. Very common in the first three Gosaor. iytvopjjv (often in 3 pers. sing, optat. yivoiro; [ptcp. Troad. 889). pels, esp. that of Luke, and in the Acts, is the phrase xai ytvapjvoc, Lk. xxiv. 22 Tdf. ed. 7]), and, with no diff. in signif., 1 aor. pass, (ytvfi&rjv, rejected by the Atticists (cf. tyivtro Orn foil, by ]) ; cf. W. § 65,4 e. [also § 44, 3 c.], Lob. ad Phryn. p. 108 sq.; [Tliom. Mag. ed. Ritschl p. and esp. B. § 141,6. a. xai tyivrro Ka't with a finite verb: 75, 6 sq.]), not rare in later Grk., common in Sept. (Acts Mk. ii. 15 ([Trtxt. «al yivtrai'], T WII KOI ylv. [foil, by iv. 4 ; 1 Th. ii. 14; 1 Co. xv. 10, etc.), impv. ytvt)6t\ra (Mt. acc. and inf.]); Lk. ii. 15 [R G Lbr. Trbr.]; viii. 1; xiv. vi. 10 ; xv. 28, etc.) ; pf. ytyivrjpai and yiyova, 3 pers. plur. 1; xvii. 11; xix. 15; xxiv. 15 [WHbr. no/]; foil, by km yiyovav L T Tr W1I in Ro. xvi. 7 and Rev. xxi. 6 (cf. ISov, Mt. ix. 10 [T om. Kai before ii.] ; Lk. xxiv. 4. p. [ Tdf. Proleg. p. 124; WH. App. p. 166; Soph. Lex. p. much oftener «ai is not repeated: Mt. vii. 28; Mk. iv. 4; 37 sq.; Curtius, Das Verbum, ii. 187]; W. 36 and 76 (73) Lk.i. 23; ii. [ 1 5 T W I I ] , 4 6 ; vi. 12; vii. 11; ix. 18,33; xi. sq.; Mullach p. 16; B. 43 (37 sq.)), [ptcp. ytyovas] \ 1; xix. 29; xxiv. 30. 7. Kai iyiv. foil, by acc. with inf.: plpf. 3 pers. sing, iytyovti (Jn. vi. 17 [not Tdf.]; Acts Mk. ii. 23 [W. 578 (537) note] ; Lk. vi. 1, 6 [R G iy'tv. i t iv. 22 [where L T Tr WH yty«W, cf. W. § 12, 9 ; B. 33 *ai]. c. In like manner iyivtro i t a. foil, by «ai with a finite verb: Lk. v. 1; ix. 28 [WH txt. om. L br. Kai, (29) ; Tdf.'s note on the pass.]) ; to become, and 51; x. 38 R G T, L Tr mrg. br. *ai]; Acts v. 7. p. tytWo 1. to become, i. e. to come into existence, begin to be, re- i t foil, by a fin. verb without Kai: Lk. i. 8; ii. 1, 6; [vi. ceive being : absol., Jn. i. 15, 30 (t/nrpooBiv fum ytyovtv) ; 12 R G L] ; viii. 40 [WH Tr txt. om. tytv.]; ix. 37; xi. Jn. viii. 58 (irp\v 'Afipaap. ytviadai) ; 1 Co. xv. 37 (TO AAPA 14, 27. y. iyivtro ¡Si foil, by acc. with inf.: Lk. iii. 21; ri ytytjai/ttvov) ; ?K VIVOS, to be born, Ro. i. 3 (tic trnipparos [vi. 1, 6 L T T r W I I , 12 T Tr W H ] ; xvi. 22; Acts iv. AavtS) ; Gal. iv. 4 (IK yvvaiKds) ; Mt. xxi. 19 (p^KTRI c* 5; ix. 3 [without it], 32, 37; xi. 26 R G ; xiv. 1 ; [xvi. trot unpnhs yivrjrai, come from) ; of the origin of all things, 16 ; xix. 1]; xxviii. 8, [17], S. iyiv. it [ ¿ j i t iyiv.] foil, Ileb. xi. 3 ; dia rivor, Jn. i. 3,10. to rise, arise, come on, by rod with inf.: Acts x. 25 (Rec. om. rov), cf. Mey. ad apvear, of occurrences in nature or in life: as yivtrai loc. and W. 328 (307); [B. 270 (232)]. d. with dat. of fiporni, Jn. xii. 29 ; aorpani), Rev. viii. 5 ; aturpot, Rev.

116

7 ivo/iai

7

tvoftai

p e r s . to occur or happen to one, befall one: foil, b y inf., A c t s x x . 1 6 ; iav ytvr/rai (sc. avr xaicar, Ael. v. h . 9, 3 6 ) .

w i t h vi. 1 6 ; E p h . v. 7, 17 ; 1 Co. x. 7 ; pij yivaptda, Gal. v. 2 6 ;

specification of the thing befalling o n e : ri yiyovtv [ L T T r t x t . W H f'yfV] a ¿rip, Acts vii. 40 ( f r . Ex. xxxii. 1) ;

hence used declaratively, i. q. to be found, shown: Lk. xiii. 2 (that it was shown by their fate that they were

iyivtro [ L T T r W H tyivtro~\ 7rdoji >fn>xf/ ofiot f e a r c a m sei n n e r s ) ; R o . iii. 4 ; 2 Co. vii. 14 ; — yivopal rivi ns t o

show one's self (to be) some one to one: 1 Co. ix. 20, 22. b . with an interrog. pron. as predicate: r i o IJrrpoc iyivtro what had become of Peter, Acts xii. 18 [cf. use of ellipsis of rjpiv, J n . i. 17. iyivtro (avr) yvwprj a p u r p o s e ri iyiv. in Act. Phil, in Hell. § 23, Tdf Acta apost. apocr. O. yivttrOcu. as o r ixrti riva to become as o r like occurred to him, he determined, Acts xx. 3 [B. 268 (230), p. 104]. but T T r W H read iyiv. yvw/iijt; see below, 5 e. a.], to one: Mt. x. 25 ; xviii. 3 ; xxviii. 4 ; Mk. ix. 26; Lk. xxii. foil, by prepositions: tir avrjj upon (Germ, bei or a n ) 44 [ L br. W H reject the pass.]; Ro. ix. 29 (fr. Is. i. 9) ; d . yivtv without querulous discontent, without murmurings, i. e. knees, the act of one imploring aid, and of one expresswith a cheerful and willing mind, Phil. ii. 14; 1 Pet. i v. ing reverence and honor: TU>I', Mt. xvii. 14 Rec.; rum, 9 (where L T T r W H read the sing.). (Ex. xvi. 7 sqq.; ibid. G L T T r W H ; Mk. i. 40 R G T r txt. br. W H br.; x. 17; cf. W. 210 (197); [B. 147 sq. (129)]; Zpvpoceiv Sap. i. 10 sq.; Antonin. 9, 37.) • •yomfvaTfjs, -oO, 6, a murmurer, (Vulg., Augustine, mur- nvot, Mt. xxvii. 29. (Polyb., Heliod.; eccl. writ.) • YpA|i|ia, -Tor, ro, (ypaa), that which has been written; murator), one who discontentedly complains (against God; forptfi^ipotpoi is added): Jude 16. [Prov. xxvi. 1. a letter i. e. the character: Lk. xxiii. 38 [R G L br. T r m r g . b r . ] ; G a l . v i . 11. 2. any writing, a document or 21 Theod., 22 Symm.; xxvi. 20, 22 Graec. Ven.] * a . a note of hand, bill, bond, account, written acyóip, i j T O S , i , (yoda to bewail, howl) ; 1. a waiter, record; of debt, (as scriptio in Varr. sat. Men. 8 , 1 howler: Aeschyl. choeph. 823 [Hermann et al. •yoipnjt]. knowledgment 2. a juggler, enchanter, (because incantations used to be [cf. Edersheim IL 268 sqq.]) : Lk. xvi. 6 sq. ([Joseph, uttered in a kind of howl). 3. a deceiver, impostor: antt. 18, 6,3], in L txt. T T r W I I plur. ra ypappara; so of one document also in Antiph. p. 114, (30) ; Dem. p. 2 Tim. iii. 13 ; (Hdt., Eur., Plat., and subseq. writ.).* b. a letter, an epistle: Acts IoXyoWl [Tr WII, or -05 R G L T (see Tdf. Proleg. 1034, 16; Vulg. cautio). p. 102 ; Kautzsch p. 10) ; also -66 L W H mrg. in Jn. xix. xxviii. 21; (Hdt. 5, 14; Thuc. 8, 50; Xcn. Cvr. 4, 5, 17 ; acc. -äv Tdf. in Mk. xv. 22 ( W H -¿v, see their App. 2 6 , e t c . ) . O. r a Upa ypap-pxiTa the sacred writings ( o f t h e p. 160), elsewhere indecl., W. 61 (60)], Golgotha, Chald. O. T.; [so Joseph, antt. prooem. § 3; 10,10,4 fin.; c. Ap. Knbl1?}, Heb. nSiSj (fr. SSj to roll), i. e. xpaviov, a skull 1,10; Philo, de vit. Moys. 3, 39; de praem. et poen. § 14; [Lat. calvaria~\, the name of a place outside of Jerusa- leg. ad Gai. § 29, etc.—but always r n i. y ] ) : 2 Tim. iii. 16 lem where Jesus was crucified; so called, apparently, [here T W H om. L T r br. rBi) Si, Mt. v. 22, 28, 32, 34, 39, 44 ; ¡¡pus Si, 1 Co. i. 23; 2 Co. x. 13; aii H, Mt. vi. 6 ; vptis 8c, Mk. viii. 29; oi 3» viol rijs f3aoi\tias, Mt. viii. 12; al aXanrtxtt... 6 Si vioc rov at/dp. Mt. viii. 20 ; Lk. ix. 58; vac o Xaos . . . oi Si Gapiaaioi, Lk. vii. 29 sq.; o Si irvtvparixos, 1 Co. ii. 15, and often; — or with a slight discrimination, o St, avros St: Mk. i. 4 5 ; v. 34 ; vi. 37 ; vii. 6 ; Mt. xiii. 2 9 , 3 7 , 5 2 ; xv. 23 sqq.; Lk. iv. 40, 43 ; v. 16 ; vi. 8 ; viii. 10, 54 ; xv. 29 ; 01 Si, Alt. ii. 5; Mk. iii. 4 ; viii. 28, etc., etc.; with the addition also of a prop, name, as 6 Si 'iijcrow: Mt. viii. 22 [Tdf. om. 'I.]; ix. 12 [ R G T r b r . ] , 22 [Tdf. om. 'I.]; xiii. 57; Mk. i. 41 [ R G L mrg. T r mrg.] ; anoxp. Si (6) 'Sifuav, Lk. vii. 43 R G L b r . ; ij Si Mapia, Lk. ii. 19, etc. 2. piv . . . Si, see piv. 3. after negative sentences, but, but rather (Germ, tcohl aber) : Mt. vi. 19 sq. (prj thjoavpi(; 1 aor. ¿Sanavrjira; (San/ivij) ;W . 443 (412)]. 5. it serves to mark a transition to f r . [ I l d t . a n d ] Thuc. down ; to incur expense, expend, something new (Si metabatic) ; by this use of the partispend: ri, Mk. v. 26 (1 Macc. xiv. 32); iiri with dat. of cle, the new addition is distinguished from and, as it were, pers., for one, in his favor, Acts xxi. 24; vtrtp nvos, 2 Co. opposed to what goes before: Mt. i. 18; ii. 19; x. 21; xii. 15. in a bad sense, to waste, squander, consume: Lk. xii. 13 ; xiii. 1 ; J n . vii. 14, 37; Acts vi. 1; Ro. viii. varra, Lk. xv. 14; iva iv rait ¡¡Sopo'is iip&v Sairavrftrtjrf, 28 ; 1 Co. vii. 1 ; viii. 1, etc., etc.; so also in the phrase that ye may consume, waste what ye receive, in luxuri- iyivtro Si, see yivopai, 2 c. 6. it introduces explanaous indulgence — [ev marking the realm in rather than tions and separates them from the things to be explained : the object on]: Jas. iv. 3. [Comp. : «'*-, jrpo«r- Sairavaai.~] * J n . iii. 19; vi. 39 ; 1 Co. i. 12; vii. G, 29; Eph. v. 32, etc.; — Savin), ijr, ij, ( f r . iairrcu to tear, consume, [akin are esp. remarks and explanations intercalated into the disSdirvov. Lat. daps; Curtius § 261 ]), expense, cost: Lk. xiv. course, or added, as it were, by way of appendix: Mk. v. 28. (2 Esdr. vi. 4; 1 Macc. iii. 30, etc. Among Grk. 13 (faa» St etc. R L br.) ; xv. 25; xvi. 8 [ R G] ; J n . vi. 10; writ. lies. opp. 721,Pind., Eur., Thuc., et sqq.)* ix. 14 ; xii. 3 ; tovto Si yiyovt, Mt. i. 22; xxi. 4. Owing AatxCS and AavtS, see Aafild. to this use, the particle not infrequently came to be conW (related to iij, as piv to pfjv, cf. Klutz ad Devar. ii. founded in the Mss. (of prof. writ, also) with yap; cf. 2 p. 355), a particle adversative, distinctive, disjunctive, Winer on Gal. i. 11; Fritzsche on Mk. xiv. 2 ; also liis but, moreover, ( W . § 53, 7 and 10, 2) ; it is much more Com. on Rom. vol. i. pp. 234, 265 ; ii. p. 476; iii. p. 196 ; 7. after a parenthefreq. in the historical parts of the N. T . than in the other [ W . 452 (421) ; B. 363 (312)]. sis or an explanation which had led away from the subbooks, very r a r e in the Epp. of John and the Apocalypse. [On its general neglect of elision (when the next word ject under discussion, it serves to take up the discourse begins with a vowel) cf. Tdf. Proleg. p. 96 ; WH. App. again [cf. W . 443 (412)] : Mt. iii. 4 ; Lk. iv. 1 ; Ro. v. 8 ; p. 146 ; W . § 5, 1 a . ; B. p. 10 sq.] It is used 1. 2 Co. ii. 12; v. 8 ; x. 2; Eph. ii. 4 ; cf. Klotz ad Devar.

Seq&K}

126

ii. 2 p. 376 sq. 8. it introduces the apodosis and, as it were, opposes it to the protasis : Acts xi. 17 R G (1 Macc. xiv. 29; 2 Macc. i. 3 4 ) ; a f t e r a participial construction which has the force of a protasis: Col. i. 22 (21); cf. Matthiaeii. 1470; K ü h n e r ii. 818; [Jelf § 7 7 0 ] ; Klotz but... u. s. p. 370 sq.; [B. 364 (312)]. 9. «at ... ii, alto, yea and, moreover also : Mt. x. 18; xvi. 18; Lk. ii. 35 [ W H txt.om. L T r b r . i « ' ] ; J n . vi. 5 1 ; xv. 27; Acts iii. 24; xxii. 29; Ro. xi. 23; 2 Tim. iii. 12 ; 1 J n . i. 3 ; 2 Pet. i. 5; cf. Klotz u. s. p. 645 sq.; B. 364 (312) ; [also W . 443 (413) ; Ellic. on 1 Tim. iii. 10; Mey. on J n . vi. 51]. K ai iäv 8c yea even i f : J n . viii. 16. 10. dt never stands as the first word in the sentence, but generally second; and when the words to which it is added cannot be separated, it stands third (as in Mt. x. 11; xviii. 25; Mk. iv. 84; Lk. x. 31; Acts xvii. 6 ; xxviii. 6; Gal. iii. 23; 2 Tim. iii. 8, etc.; in ov yävov it, Ro. v. 3, 11, etc.), or even in the fourth place, Mt. x. 18; J n . vi. 51; viii. 16 sq.; 1 J n . i. 3 ; 1 Co. iv. 18; [Lk. xxii. 69 L T T r W H ] . 8«T)(is, which expresses confiding access to God; thus, in combination, tir/ais gives prominence to the expression of personal n e e d , -wpotrt v x i to the element of d e v o t i o n , II to that of childlike c o n f i d e n c e , by representing prayer as the heart's converse with God. See Huther's extended note ad loc.; Ellic. ad loc.; Trench u. s.] 6«t; subjunc. p r e s . i t j i ; impf. «8«; an impers. verb [cf. B. § 132, 12; cf. § 131, 3 ; fr. Ilom. d o w n ] ; (8cs occurs on the Rosetta stone, line 30; Boeckh, Inscrr. 4697. COMP. : jrapa-8fty/xari£a>.] * Sciicvvtt (8eucview, Mt. xvi. 21; itucvvfis, J n . ii. 18; TOV ituaruovTos, Rev. xxii. 8 [not T d f . ] ) and itUm/u (1 Co. xii. 31; Mt. iv. 8 ; J n . v. 20; cf. B. 45 (39)) ; fut. ftctfti; 1 aor. t i t ¡¿a; 1 aor. pass. ptcp. itixOtis (Ileb. viii. 5) ; Sept. mostly for i H O n ; to show, exhibit; 1. prop, to show i. e. expose to the eyes: rwi rt, Mt. iv. 8 ; Lk. iv. 5 ; xx. 24 (for Rec. A r » 8 « f ) ; xxii. 12; xxiv. 40 [ R G L , but T om. T r br. W H reject the vs.]; Mk. xiv. 15; J n . xx. 20; Acts vii. 3; obov TIVI, metaph., in which one ought to go, i. e. to teach one what he ought to do, 1 Co. xii. 31 ; KARA TOV TWro» T6V 8«x0«'ita trot, Heb. viii. 5 ; tavrdv bttKvvvai rwi to expose one's self to the view of one, Mt. viii. 4 ; Mk. i. 44; Lk. v. 14; 8fi£ov ij/xiv TOV naripa render the F a t h e r visible to us, J n . xiv. 8 sq.; of things presented to one in a vision: rwi rt, Rev. xvii. 1; xxi. 9 sq.; xxii. 1 , 8 ; 8*(£at Tin, A it! yrwVdat, Rev. i. 1; iv. 1 ; xxii. 6. to show, i. q. to bring to pass, produce w h a t c a n be seen (Germ, sehen lassen) ; of miracles per-

BeiXia

127

AeieairoKis

8v aXXav i6vS>v buaiàaipovias c^ov&fvifctv. Festus in the presence of Agrippa the Jewish king employs the word ambiguously and cautiously, in Acts xxv. 19, of the Jewish religion, viz. so as to leave his own judgment concerning its truth in suspense. Cf. Zezschwitzt ProfangriicitHt u. bibl. Sprachgeist, p. 59 ; [ K . F. Her[SYN. St LAI'a, J, i ¿ A i i ^ i i a : "of these three words mann, Lehrb. d. gottesdienstl. Alterthiimer, § 8 note 6 ; the first is used always in a bad sense; the second is a mid- Trench § xlviii.; (cf. Kenrick, Bibl. Essays, 1864, p. 108 dle term, capable of a good interpretation, capable of an evil, sqq. ; Field, Otium Norv. iii. p. 80 sq.)].* and lying pretty evenly between the two; the third is quite StwvScUpuv, -ov, gen. -ovot, (&ttSa> to fear, and balpav predominantly used in a good sense, though it too has not altogether escaped being employed in an evil." Trench § x. deity), fearing the deity or deities, like the Lat. religiosus; used either 1. in a good sense, reverencing god or the q. v.; cf. 8«of.] gods, pious, religious : Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 58 ; Ages. I I , 8; 2. in a bad sense, StiXidw, -£>; (ieiX/a, q. v.) ; to be timid, fearful: Jn. xiv. Aristot. poi. 5, I l [p. 1315% 1] ; or 27. (Deut. xxxi. (J; i. 21 and often in Sept.; Sir. xxii. superstitious: Theophr. char. 16 (22); Diod. 1, 62; 4, 16; xxxi. (xxxiv.) 16; 4 Macc. xiv. 4. Diod. 20, 78. 51 ; Plut. de adul. c. 16 ; de superstit. c. 10 sq. Paul in the opening of his address to the Athenians, Acts The Greeks prefer the comp. airodctXtw.) * 8«iX4$, -ij, -ov, (Siiico to fear), timid, fearful: Mt. viii. xvii. 22, calls them, with kindly ambiguity, «torà iravra 26; Mk. iv. 40; in Rev. xxi. 8 of Christians who through dtiaiSatpovtortpovt (sc. than the rest of the Greeks [ W . cowardice give way under persecutions and apostatize. 244 (223)], cf. Meyer ad loc.), as being devout without the knowledge of the true God ; cf. Bengel ad loc.* (From Uom. down.) * formed in presence of others to be seen by them: o-qpdov, Jn. ii. 18, (Bar. vi. [i. e. ep. Jer.] 6G; : [fut. ifr, to occupy the places of honor nearest the king, Mt. xx. 21, 2 3 ; Mk. x. 37, 4 0 ; (3ET 1 9 ! r s - xliv- ( x I v ) 10)" 3 fp" 1 ?. 1 K Hence, after Ps. cix. (ex.) 1 as applied to the Messiah (Mt. xxii. 4 4 ; Mk. xii. 36 ; Lk. xx. 42), Christ is said to have ascended Kadr/o-öai or radiVat (k i(£taiv

(at or on the right hand)

of

God, Mt. xxvi. C4; Mk. xiv. 6 2 ; xvi. 19; Lk. xxii. 6 9 ; A c t s ii. 34 ; H e b . i. 13 ; (ivai

or xadlaai

iv

r. 6tov,

Ro. viii. 3 4 ; E p h . i . 2 0 ; Col. iii. 1; lk'b. i. 3 ; viii. 1 ; x. 1 2 ; xii. 2, — to indicate that he has become a partner in God's universal government ( c f . Knapp, D e J . Chr. ad d e x t r a m

dei sedente, in his Scripta var. arg. p. 41 sqq.; [Sfuarf, Com. on Heb., excurs. iv.]). T h a t these expressions are tobe understood in this figurative sense, and not of a fixed and definite place in the highest heavens (as Chr. Fr. Fritzsche in Xov. Opuscc. acad. p. 209 sqq. tries to prove, after the orthodox theologians of the reformed church), will be questioned by no one who carefully considers Rev. iii. 21. Christ is once spoken of as iaras ix dc£«£y rov dtoi, as though in indignation at his adversaries [acc.

èeofjuu

129

to others, t o welcome his m a r t y r e d s e r v a n t ] h e h a d risen from his h e a v e n l y t h r o n e , A c t s vii. 55 sq. S c o p u ; 3 pera. sing. impf. cicero (cf. Lob. a d P h r y n . p. 2 2 0 ; W . 4 6 ; [ V e i t c h s. v. Sia to need fin.]), L k . vili. 38 ( w h e r e L c h m . iSttìro, T r W H ¿Stiro; cf. Mey. ad loc.; [ WH. A p p . p. 1G6] ; B . 55 ( 4 8 ) ) ; 1 aor. c'8fij"%; ( f r . Sia t o w a n t , need ; w h e n c e mid. diofiat to stand in n e e d of, w a n t for one's s e l f ) ; [ f r . H d t . d o w n ] ; 1. to want, lack : rirar. 2 . to desire, long for : Tirar. 3 . to ask, beg, ( G e r m , bitten) ; a . univ. — t h e t h i n g asked for being evident f r o m t h e c o n t e x t : with gen. of t h e pers. f r o m whom, Gal. iv. 12 ; t h e t h i n g sought being specified in d i r e c t d i s c o u r s e : L k . v. 1 2 ; viii. 2 8 ; ix. 38 (acc. to t h e r e a d i n g iirl^Kt^rov R L ) ; A c t s viii. 34 (Sioftai trov, trrpì rivor ó npo^trjrrjs \tyti tovto; of whom, I p r a y thee, d o t h t h e p r o p h e t say this ?) ; A c t s x x i . 39 ; 2 Co. v. 20 ; foil, b y t h e inf., L k . viii. 38 ; ix. 38 (acc. to t h e r e a d i n g < i n f f \ i + a t T r W H ) ; A c t s xxvi. 3 ( w h e r e R L T T r W H om. trov a f t e r Scopai) ; foil, by tra, L k . ix. 40 (cf. W . 335 (315) ; [ B . 258 ( 2 2 2 ) ] ) ; foil, by t o with inf. 2 Co. x. 2 [cf. B. 263 (226), 279 ( 2 3 9 ) ; W . 321, 322 (301 s q . ) ] ; with gen. of pers. a n d acc. of thing, 2 Co. viii. 4 ( G L T T r W H ; f o r R e e . a d d s St^aadai f)p.às without w a r r a n t ) , [cf. B . 164 (143) ; W . 198 (18G)]. b . spec, of requests a d d r e s s e d to God ; absol. to pray, make supplication : A c t s iv. 31 ; toC 6tov, A c t s x. 2 ; foil, b y ci 3pa, A c t s viii. 22 [ B . 256 (220) ; W . 300 ( 2 8 2 ) ] ; rov xvplov, onus etc. M t . ix. 38 ; L k . x. 2 ; without t h e gen. 6tov, — foil, b y cZ rrtor, R o . i. 10 [cf. W . and B . 1L cc.] ; b y iva, L k . xxi. 36 ; xxii. 3 2 ; b y t h e telic tit ró, 1 T h . iii. 10 [cf. B . 265 ( 2 2 8 ) ] ; turip rtvot irpòr rò» k up toy, «nor, A c t s viii. 24. [ S y n . see alria and deferte. COMP. : irpocr-fito/uu.] * Wo», -avrai, ró, ( p t c p . of flcl, q. v.), f r . [Soph, a n d ] H d t . d o w n , that of which there is need, which is requisite, due, proper : Stov tori t h e r e is need, 1 P e t . i. 6 [ T T r t x t . W H om. T r m r g . b r . c.] ; foil, by acc. w i t h inf. A c t s xix. 36 ; r ò fi) diottra t h a t a r e not p r o p e r , 1 T i m . v. 13.* Wo», -ovt, TO, (StiSa), [ f r . Horn, d o w n ] , fear, awe : perà tiXafrias Kal Siovt, H e b . xii. 28 L T T r W H * [ S t n . Sios (apprehension),tp6$os (fear): Ammonias s. v. 8. says Slot «cai IJS it generalizes a relative, like the Lat. cumque ; see Lob. (rrtt R G ) vvktos, L k . v . 5 ; bta navrbt r o C (ijv, H e b . i i . 1 5 ;

èia

133

Sia

iia varros [so L W H Tr (exc. Mk. v. 5 ; Lk. xxiv. 53)], r. crripticiv) ; Lk. i. 70 ; Acts i. 1G ; ii. 22 (ripacrt K. otj/m). 4. separation (SuiXuu, Siaiptot). 5. rivalof Meyer (on xii. 39), Luthardt (on x. 17), al., that in this ry anil endeavor (Suariva, SUIKATFK(YX°TUU > ad phrase in J n . the TOVTO always looks backwards], in the Vig. p. 854 ; [Winer, as below, p. 6]). 6. transition opposite order (when the words that precede with STI are from one state to another (SiaXXao-o-o), Siop6oa>). [Cf. Winto be emphasized) : J n . xv. 19. I t indicates the end er, De verb. comp. etc. P t . v.; Valckcnaer on Hdt. 5, and purpose, being foil, either by iva, 2 Co. xiii. 10; 1 18; Cattier. Gazophyl. ed. Abresch, Cant. 1810, p. 39; A.

135

Siaßaivot

U e b . d. mit mehr als ein. präp. zusammeng. verba

Rieder,

im N . T . p. 17 sq.]

N o one of the N . T . writers makes

more f r e q . use of verbs compounded with did than Luke,

the devil, trop. to depend upon the

rive their origin from

devil in thought and action, to be prompted

and

governed

by him : Jn. viii. 4 4 ; 1 Jn. iii. 8 ; the same are called

[see d i e list in W i n e r , u. s. p. 3 n o t e ; on their constr. W .

TfKva rov diaf3. children of the devil, 1 .In. iii. 10; vioi

§ 52, 4, 8 ] .

TOV 8. sons of the devil, A c t s xiii. 10, cf. M t . xiii. 38; Jn.

Sio-ßalvu : 2 aor. iußqv,

inf. iiaßfjvai,

ptcp. iiaßäs;

in G r k . writ. f r . I l o m . d o w n ; ( P l i n . pertranseo);

as

to pass

through, cross over •, a. transitively : rrjv ödAatrcrav at &ia b . intrans.: irpds riva, L k . xvi. 2G;

H e b . xi. 29.

(tjpäi,

tit with acc. of place, A c t s x v i . 9 ; ( f o r *0>', 1 S. xiii. 7).* Sia-f&XXo: 1 aor. pass. ittß\i)6i)v;

1. prop, to throw

over or across, to send over, ( r i did neos). f r . H d t . down, to traduce,

calumniate,

defame ( c f . L a t . perstringere,

2. very often, slander,

accuse,

Germ, durchziehen,

as it w e r e from one to another; sec Winer,

[8ui

D e verb,

viii. 3 8 ; 1 Jn. iii. 10.

T h e name 8ia&o\os is fig. applied

to a man who, by opposing the cause of God, may be said to act the part of the devil or l o side with h i m : Jn. vi. 70, cf. M t . x v i . 23 ; M k . viii. 33.

[ C f . aarav fin.] *

Si-ofY«XX»; 2 aor. pass. 8ti7yy«'Xi;v; f r . Pind. down ; to carry

a message through,

places,-through

everywhere,

through

assemblies of men, e t c . ; to publish

announce

abroad,

declare, [see hid, C. 3 ] : ri, L k . ix. 6 0 ; A c t s x x i . 26 (Utay•y«XXan>, sc. to all w h o w e r e in the temple and

were

knowing to the a f f a i r ) ; with the addition iv irds L y s . 93, 6 ] : rjp*pa>v biaycvopivoiv licavov xpovov hiaytvopivov,

[ S v x . see KanjyopfG)-] *

vafifiaTov, ; mid. to affirm

strongly, assert

intervened,

elapsed, passed meanwhile, [ c f . xp^vov p.cra£v iiaytvopc'vov

w i t h ptcp., X e n . H e l l . 2, 3, 23; P l a t . epp. 7 p. 334 a.). Si.a-ß«ßau>0|«u (-ovfuu)

hence in ( i r k . writ,

Acts xxv.

TIVCDV,

M k . xvi. 1.*

Sia-yiyua-Ku; fut. biayvaaopai;

1. to distinguish

i. e. to know accurately,

[ c f . W . 253 ( 2 3 8 ) ] :

jr(pi nvos ( P o l y b . 12,

dignosco),

11 ( 1 2 ) , 6), 1 T i m . i. 7 [ c f . WII.

A p p . p. 1 6 7 ] ; T i t . iii.

A c t s xxiii. 15; (so in Grk. writ. f r . Horn. d o w n ) .

confidently, 8.

( D e m . p. 220, 4 ; Diod., Dion. Ilal., Plut., A e l . ) * Sta-ßX: fut. diaß\(\f/ai; 1 aor. düß\(\fra;

through, straight

penetrate

by vision;

a. to look

to

fixedly,

look stare

before one ( P l a t . P h a e d o p. 86 d . ) : d u ß ^ t ^ r , of

a blind man recovering sight, M k . viii. 25 T W I I T r txt. [some r e f e r this to b.].

b. to see clearly:

foil, by an inf.

expressing the purpose, M t . vii. 5 ; L k . vi. 42.

(Aristot.,

Pint.) * accusing falsely,

to slander,

( A r s t p h . , Andoc.,

slaiuler-

Plut., a l . ) : 1

T i m . iii. 11; 2 T i m . iii. 3 ; T i t . ii. 3 ; as subst. 6 didßo\os, a calumniator, fin.],

(Lat.

exactly:

decide,

false

accuser,

slanderer,

[see Karrjyapea,

( X e n . A g e s . 1 1 , 5 ; [Aristot., a l . ] ) : Sept. Esth. vii.

4 ; viii. 1.

In the Bible and in eccl. writ, o 8»cij9oXor

[also bmß. without the a r t . ; cf. W . 124 ( 1 1 8 ) ; B. 89 ( 7 8 ) ] is applied KOT

to the one called in H e b r .

ri, 2.

(cf. Cic.

: ra naff vpas your case, A c t s x x i v . 2 2 ;

(2

M a c c . ix. 15; Dem. p. 62H, 25; p. 545, 9 ; al.).* 8 i o f v u p q > : 1 aor. iityvapitra; known

thoroughly,

ncpi

TIVOS,

to publish abroad, make L k . ii. 17 R G .

Besides,

only in [ P h i l o , quod det. [Kit. § 26, i. 210, 16 ed. M a n g . a n d ] in Schol. in Bekk. A n e c d . p. 787, 15 to

discriminate.*

SUUyvttOTS, -teas, {), (see Biaryiv&>cr, q. v.),prone ou

ascertain

in a legal sense, to examine, determine, cognosco)

13;

A c t s x x v i i . 9 ; biaytvopivov TOV

guishing.

2. in a legal sense ( L a t . cognitio),

distin-

examina-

tion, opinion, decision, ( S a p . iii. 18; Plat. legg. 9 p. 865 c . ) : A c t s x x v . 21.* Sia^yoYYvJo): impf.

Suyaryyvfav;

to murmur

(¿id

i. e.

either through a whole crowd, or ' among one another,' Germ, durch

einander [cf. Si a, C . ] ) ; hence it is always

used of many indignantly complaining (see y o y y v f a ) : L k . xv. 2 ; xix. 7.

( E x . x v i . 2, 7,8 ; [ N u m . x i v . 2 ] ; Josh.

|B!?ri, 6 aaravas ( q . v . ) , viz. Satan, the prince of demons,

ix. 24 ( 1 8 ) , etc.; Sir. x x x i v . ( x x x i . ) 24; Clem. A l e x . i.

t h e author of evil, persecuting good men ( J o b i.; Zecli.

p. 5 2 « ed. P o t t . ; Ileliod. 7, 27, and in some Byzant. w r i t . )

iii. 1 sqq., cf. R e v . xii. 10), estranging mankind from G o d

Cf. JVin. D e verb. comp. etc. P t . v. p. 16 sq.*

and enticing them to sin, and afflicting them with dis-

Siarypujyopiu, -a : 1 aor. dityptfydprjaa; to watch through,

eases by means of demons who take possession of their

( H d i a n . 3, 4, 8 [4 ed. B e k k . ] itaxrqs ttjr

bodies at his b i d d i n g ; the malignant enemy of G o d and

yprjyoprjoavTft, Nicepli. G r e g . Hist. B y z . p. 205 f. and 571

VVKTOS

. . . 8ia-

the M e s s i a h : M t . iv. 1, 5, [8, 11] ; xiii. 39 ; x x v . 4 1 ; L k .

a.) ; to remain awake: L k . ix. 32 ( f o r they had overcome

iv. 2, [ 3 , 5 R L , 6, 1 3 ] ; viii. 12; Jn. xiii. 2; A c t s x. 38;

the force of sleep, with which they w e r e weighed down, [al. ( e . g. R . V . t x t . ) to be fully

Eph. iv. 2 7 ; vi. 11; 1 T i m . iii. 6 sq.; 2 T i m . ii. 26; Heb.

fiffiapTifi. vrrvai);

ii. 14 ; Jas. iv. 7 ; 1 P e t . v. 8 ; Jude 9 ; R e v . ii. 10; xii.

cf. N i c c p h . u. s. p. 205 f. &o£av dn(fia\op.r)V aoirtp

9,12; x x . 2 , 1 0 ; (Sap. ii. 24; [ c f . Ps. cviii. ( c i x . ) C; 1 Chr.

ypr\yopijtravr(s TO iv rolr vnvois oneipara;

xxi. 1 ] ) .

comp. etc. P t . v . p. 11 sq.].*

M e n who resemble the devil in mind and will

are said tivai«

TOV iiaßoXov to be of the devil, prop, to de-

Striya;

awake, ol 8ia-

Win. D e verb,

1. to lead through, lead across, send across.

BiaSe^ofuu

136

Staff^Kt)

2. with top /Stop, top xpovov, etc., added or understood, tum). For the word covenant is used to denote the close to pass: ffiov, 1 Tim. ii. 2 (very often in Grk. writ.); relationship which God entered into, first with Noah Suryav tv rivt, sc. rbv fliov to live. [YV. 593 (551 sq.) ; B. (Gen. vi. 18; ix. 9 sqq. [cf. Sir. xliv. 18]), then with 144 (126)], Tit. iii. 3 (tV (f>t\oaoia, Plat. Phaedr. p.Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and their posterity (Lev. xxvi. 42 [cf. 2 Macc. i. 2]), but esp. with Abraham (Gen. 259 d.; tp flpij"!! «at axokji, Pint. Timol. 3).* Suir&x°l uu : 1 aor. 8u8f$ap^v; prop, to receive through xv. and xvii.), and afterwards through Moses with the another anything left or bequeathed by him, to receive in people of Israel (Ex. xxiv.; Deut. v. 2; xxviii. 69 (xxix. succession, receive in turn, succeed to: nje aur^vtfv the 1)). By this last covenant the Israelites are bound to tabernacle, Acta vii. 45. (ji)v apx^v, ttjv ftaaiXdav, etc., obey God's will as expressed and solemnly promulged in the Mosaic law; and he promises them his almighty in Polyb., Diod., Joseph., al.) [Cf. SUU»)|ia, -rot, to, (StaSf'te to bind round), a diadem, i. e. protection and blessings of every kind in this world, the blue band marked with white with which Persian but threatens transgressors with the severest punishkings used to bind on the turban or tiara; the kingly or- ments. Hcnce in the N. T. we find mention of ai jr\axts nament for the head : Rev. xii. 3; xiii. 1; xix. 12. (Xen. TT)S flia&T)KT)S ( m a n niniS, Deut. ix. 9, 15), the tables of Cyr. 8,3,13 ; Esth. i. 11; ii. 17 for 1H3 ; 1 Macc. i. 9.)* the law, on which the duties of the covenant were inscribed [Syn. SidSijpa, nav, Col. ii. 22; batfiovlmv, 1 Tim. iv. 1.* StSAoicaXos, -ov, 6, (8(5dtr/«u), a teacher; in the N. T . one who teaches concerning the things of God, and the duties of man; 1. of one who is fitted to teach, or thinks himself so: Heb. v. 12; Ro. ii. 20. 2. of the teachers of the Jewish religion : Lk. ii. 46; Jn. iii. 10; hence the Hebr. is rendered in Greek itSaa-xaXor: Jn. i. 38 (39); xx. 16; cf. below, under pnfifii, and Pressel in Hcrzog xii. p. 471 sq.; [Campbell, Dissert, on the Gospels, diss, vii. pt. 2]. 3. of those who by their great power as teachers drew crowds about them; a. of John the Baptist : Lk. iii. 12. b. of Jesus: Jn. i. 38 (3!)); iii. 2; viii. 4 ; xi. 28; xiii. 13 sq.; xx. lfi ; often in the first three Gospels. 4. by preeminence used of Jesus by himself, as the one SiSax^i, -iji, ij, (iiàâo-Kùt), [fr. Hdt. down] ; 1. teachwho showed men the way of salvation : Mt. xxiii. 8 L T ing, viz. that which is taught : Mk. i. 27 ; Jn. vii. 16; Acts T r YVTI. 5. of the apostles: 6 SiSdo-icaAof ratv t6i>5>v, xvii. 19 ; Ro. [vi. 17] ; xvi. 17 ; 2 J n . 10 ; Rev. ii. 24 ; i; of Paul, 1 Tim. ii. 7; 2 Tim. i. 11. 6. of those who ii8. rivoi, one's doctrine, i. e. what he teaches : Mt. vii. in the religious assemblies of Christians undertook the 28 ; xvi. 12 ; xxii. 33 ; Mk. i. 22 ; xi. 18 ; Lk. iv. 32 ; J n . work of teaching, with the special assistance of the Iloly xviii. 19 ; Acts v. 28; Rev. ii. 14 sq.; y SiSa^ God, Spirit: 1 Co. xii. 28 sq.; Eph. iv. 11; Acts xiii. 1, cf. tov xvpiov, rov XpuTTov, the doctrine which has God, Jas. iii. 1. 7. of false teachers among Christians : 2 Christ, the Lord, for its author and supporter : Jn. vii. Tim. iv. 3. [Horn. (h. Merc. 556), Aeschyl., al.] 17; Acts xiii. 12; 2 Jn. 9 ; with the gen. of the object, SIMotcu ; impf. ibibamov; fut. ; 1 aor.fdi9a£a; doctrine, teaching, concerning something: Heb. vi. 2 [W. 1 aor. pass. t&MxOrjv, (AAQ [cf. Vaniiek p. 327]); [fr. 187 (176); 192 (181); 551 (513)]; plur. Ileb. xiii. 9. Horn, down] ; Sept. for ;'_'Tin, rni'n, and esp. for T31?; 2. [the act of] teaching, instruction, (ci.diSavKaXta [on the to teach; 1. absoL a. to hold discourse with others supposed distinction betw. the two words and their use in order to instruct them, deliver didactic discourses: Mt. in the N. T. see Ellic. on 2 Tim. iv. 2 ; they are assoiv. 23; xxi. 23 ; Mk. i. 21; vi. 6 ; xiv. 49 ; Lk. iv. 15 ; v. ciated in 2 Tim. iv. 2, 3 ; Tit. i. 9]) : Acts ii. 42 ; 2 Tim. 17; vi. 6 ; Jn. vi. 59 ; vii. 14; xviii. 20, and often in the iv. 2 ; (v rrj SiSaxy, while he was teaching, a phrase by Gospels; 1 Tim. ii. 12. b. to be a teacher (see ii8d- which the Evangelist indicates that he is about to cite conduct one's self as a teacher: 1 Co. iv. 17. 2. in time, Mk. iv. 2 ; xii. 38 ; rov xarà rfjv SiSaxf/v irurrov construction; a. either in imitation of the Ilebr. S T31? \6yov, the faithful word which is in accordance with the (Job xxi. 22), or by an irregular use of the later Greeks received (2 Tim. iii. 14) instruction, T i t i. 9 ; in partie-

hihpa-)Qiov

145

blBfOfll

2. to grant, give to one asking, let have: Mt. xii. 39; xiv. 7 s q . ; xvi. 4 ; xx. 23; M k . vi. 22, 25; viii. 1 2 ; x. 40; L k . xL 29; xv. 1 6 ; Jn. xi. 22; xiv. 16; xv. 16 ; xvi. 23; Acts iii. 6; Jas. i. 5 ; [noteworthy is 1 Jn. v. 16 dutrtt (sc. prob. o fftoi) airrtp farji/ TOIS &¡mprravovaiv etc., where airy seems to be an ethical dat. and r. ifiap. dependent on the verb; s e e B . 133 ( 1 1 6 ) note,cf. 179 (156); W . 523 (487), cf. 530 (494)] ; in contradistinction from what one claims: Jn. iii. 27; xix. 11. 3. to supply, furnish, necessary things: as Sprov rivl, Mt. vi. 1 1 ; L k . xi. 3; Jn. vi. 32, 5 1 ; Tpotprjv, Mt. xxiv. 45; fHpaxnv, Jn. vi. 27; besides in Mt. xxv. 15, 28 sq.; Mk. ii. 26 ; iv. 25; L k . vi. 4 ; viii. 18; xii. 42; xix. 24, 26; Jn. iv. 10, 1 4 , 1 5 ; Eph. vi. 19. 4. to give over, deliver, i. c. a. to reach out, extend, present: as Mt. xiv. 1 9 ; xvii. 27; Mk. vi. 4 1 ; xiv. 22 sq.; Lk. ix. 1 6 ; xxii. 19; t6 yf/a notr/aa, Jn. xvii. 4; to ovofia tov 8tov, to be declared, Jn. xvii. i l [not Rec., 12 T T r W I I ] . b b . to give or commit to some one something to be religiously observed: biadr)Ki)v irtpvroprjt, A c t s vii. 8; TT)V mpiTopf/v, the ordinance of circumcision, Jn. vii. 22; TOP vopov, ibid. vs. 19; Xoyui ¿iuira, Acts vii. 38. 5. to give what is due or obligatory, to pay: wages or reward, Mt. x x . 4 , 1 4 ; xxvi. 1 5 ; Rev. xL 18; apryvptov, as a reward, Mk. xiv. 1 1 ; L k . xxii. 5 ; taxes, tribute, tithes, etc.: Mt. xvii. 27; xxii. 1 7 ; M k . xii. 14 ( 1 5 ) ; L k . xx. 22; xxiii. 2; Ileb. vii. 4 ; Ova-lav sc. r y Kvpicp, L k . ii. 24 (Ovatav airodovvat 6( T r , yet see WH. A p p . p. 167]), 3 pers. plur. Sidoam (Rev. xvii. 13 [not Ree.]), impv. didov (Mt. v. 42 R G ) ; impf. 3 pers. sin«;, ebibov, 3 pers. plur. ibibovv (ibiboaav, Jn. xix. 3 L T T r W H [see ?xcrpas LpSiv, 2 Co. i. 16 (where Lchm. tated, to rise, Jn. vi. 18. Metaph. to arouse the mind ; txt. fia TOV dSuaiparot, [cf. rhet. 1,13,1 and Cope's note on 1, 3, 9]). [Cf. reff. in 8uccuo, 2 b.] ; men, 1 Tim. iii. 10 (in the pass.); to the same subject as that of Sokcu itself, Lk. viii. 18 iavriv, 1 Co. xi. 28; 2 Co. xiii. 5, (cf. i(tra{tiv iavrov, Xen. (A ioKil txta>) > xxiv. 37 (tioxovv trvtvpa 6tu>pt~iv); J n . mem. 2, 5, 1 and 4) ; Btov, Ileb. iii. 9 (R G, f r . Ps. xciv. v. 39; xvi. 2; Acts xii. 9 ; xxvii. 13; 1 Co. iii. 18 ; vii. (xcv.) 9 ; on the sense of the phrase see ntipa(a>, 2 d. /3.); 40 ; viii. 2 ; x. 12; xiv. 37 ; Gal. vi. 3 ; Phil. iii. 4 ; Jas. i. ra wvtvpara, foil, by tl whether etc. 1 J n . iv. 1; foil, by 2. to 26; fir) iofijrc Xtyttv iv iairrotr do not suppose that ye indir. disc., Ro. xii. 2 ; 1 Co. iii. 13 ; E p h . v. 10. may think, Mt. iii. 9; cf. Fritzsche ad loc. foil, by ort, recognize as genuine after examination, to approve, deem Mt. vi: 7; xxvi. 5 3 ; [Mk. vi. 49 T W H ] ; Lk. xii. 51; worthy. 1 Co. xvi. 3; tivu onovbalov ovra, 2 Co. viii. 22; xiii. 2, 4 ; xix. 11 ; J n . v. 45 ; xi. 13, [31 T T r W I I ] ; xiii. iv $ boxipa{ti for iv Toirrtj>, o boxipafat in that which he 29 ; xx. 15 ; 1 Co. iv. 9 ; 2 Co. xii. 19; Jas. iv. 5. so used approves, deems right, Ro. xiv. 22; btboxipcurptBa vno roi that the object is easily understood from the context: Mt. Btov muTtvOfivat TO tvayytKutv we have been approved bv xxiv. 44 (?J apa oi boKtirt 6 viot TOV avQpimov tpxrrai) ; God to be intrusted with the business of pointing out to Lk. xii. 4 0 ; xvii. 9 [R G L br. T r mrg. b r . ] ; forming a men the way of salvation, 1 T h . ii. 4 ; ovx iboxipaoxw tov tlv «"yvaxj-M they did not think God worthy to parenthesis in the midst of a question: ir6dri; (ßovXaywyot, cf. iraiSayoyos) ; to lead away into slavery, claim as one's slave, (Diod. Sic. 12, 24, and occasionally in other later writ.) ; to make a slave and to treat as a slave i. c. with severity, to subject to stern and rigid discipline: 1 Co. ix. 27. Cf. Fischer, De vitiis lexicorum N . T . p. 4 72 sq.* SovXita ( T d f . -ta, [see I, t ] ) , -as, fj, (SovXtvoi) ; slavery, bondage, the condition of a slave : rjjr tpöopäs, the bondage which consists in decay [ W . § 59, 8 a., cf. B. 78 ( 6 8 ) ] , equiv. to the law, the necessity, of perishing, Ro. viii. 21; used of the slavish sense of fear, devoid alike of buoyancy of spirit and of trust in God, such as is produced by the thought of death, Heb. ii. 15, as well as by the Mosaic law in its votaries, Ro. viii. 15 (nvevpa SovXtias) ; the Mosaic system is said to cause dovXela on account of the grievous burdens its precepts impose upon its adherents: Gal. iv. 24 ; v. 1. [From Pind. down.]*

SovXftw; fut. dovXrvaw; 1 aor. i&ovXcvaa; pf. dtdovXfvxa; (8ovXor); Sept. for "Qj*; X. prop, to be a slave, serve, do service : absol., Eph. vi. 7 ; 1 Tim. vi. 2; rivi, Mt. vi. 24; L k . xvi. 13 ; Ro. ix. 12; said of nations in subjection to other nations, Jn. viii. 33 ; Acts vii. 7; men are said dovXfueo' who bear the yoke of the Mosaic law, 2. metaph. to obey, submit Gal. iv. 25 (see bovXtia). to ; a. in a good sense : absol. to yield obedience, Ro. vii. 6; TIV'L, to obey one's commands and render to him the services due, L k . xv. 29; G o d : M t . vi. 24; Lk. xvi. 13; 1 T h . i. 9 ; Kvpi ] * self up to : TJ; Apapriq, Ro. vi. 6 ; voptf Apaprias, Ro. vii. Aopxós, -ó8os, ij, (prop, a wild she-goat, a gazelle, " irapá 25 ; imOvpiats K. f/Sovals, T i t . iii. 3, ( X e n . mem. 1, 5, 5 ; TO df'pxa), TO /9X(7TCI>* o^vStpxis yap r¿ K- tíó¡tpaToV " apol. Socr. 1G; Plat. Phaedrus p. 238 e.; Polyb. 17,15,16 ; Etyni. Magn. [284, 6 ] ) , Dorcas, a certain Christian woIldian. 1, 17, 22 [9 ed. B e k k . ] ) ; rjj KotXt'a, Ro. xvi. 18, man : Acts ix. 36, 39 ; see Ta/3 Kara rìjv lòlav òvvaptv, Mt. xxv. 15 ; virèp ivvapiv, irvtvpaTos, under or full of the power of the Holy Spirit, beyond our power, 2 Co. i. 8 ; iv ivvapet sc. &v, endued Lk. iv. 14 ; iv òvvaptt irvtvpuiTos àyiov, by the power and with power, Lk. iv. 36 ; 1 Co. xv. 43 ; so in the phrase influence of the Iloly Spirit, Ro. xv. 13 ; by the power ipXtaSai tv òvvópti, Mk. ix. 1 ; powerfully, Col. i. 29 ; 2 which, under the influence of the Holy Spirit, I exerted b. specifically, the poirer T h . i. 11 ; contextually i.q. evidently, Ro. i. 4 ; iv òvvaptt upon their souls, Ro. xv. 19. aifptiav K- Ttparav, through the power which I exerted of performing miracles : Acts vi. 8 ; narra òvvapts, every npon their souls by performing miracles, Ro. xv. 19 ; òtiv. kind of power of working miracles (with the addition tts ri, Heb. xi. 11 ; Svv. tiri rà daipóvia «ai vmrovs 6*pu- xat wrpuiots K. Ttpacri), 2 Th. ii. 9 ; plur. : [Mt. xiii. 54 ; ntuti», Lk. ix. 1 ; ij òvvapic Tijs àpaprlat ó vépos, sin exer- xiv. 2 ; Mk. vi. 14] ; 1 Co. xii. 28 sq. ; Gal. iii. 5 ; ivtpcises its power (upon the soul) through the law, i. e. yfipara Svvapfav, 1 Co. xii. 10 ; by meton. of the cause for through the abuse of the law, 1 Co. xv. 56 ; rijr àvaaradfoic the effect, a mighty work [cf. W . 32 ; Trench § xci.] : dvroti Xpicrrov, the power which the resurrection of Christ vaptv irottiv, Mk. vi. 5 ; ix. 89 ; so in the plur., Mk. vi. 2 ; has, for instructing, reforming, elevating, tranquillizing, Lk. xix. 37 ; joined with ai)ptia, Acts viii. 13 ; with ai)ptia the soul, Phil. iii. 10 ; rr/s tvatfitias, inhering in godliness k. Ttpara, Acts ii. 22; 2 Co. xii. 12 ; Ileb. ii. 4 [?] ; iroitlv and operating upon souls, 2 Tim. iii. 5 ; òvvaptts pt'Wovros dvvaptts, Mt. vii. 22; [xiii. 58]; Acts xix. 11; ylvorrat c. m or al power almvos (see aia », 3), Heb. vi. 5 ; rè irvtvpa rijt òvvaptas òvvàptis, Mt. xi. 20 s) ; to be vi. 19, 20 ; but the phrase is not altogether foreign even able, have power: foil, by an inf., Ro. xiv. 4 L T T r W I I ; to the Grk. poets, as Aeschyl. Pers. 981 pvpla pvpla for 2 Co. ix. 8 L T T r W I I . Not found in prof. writ, nor *ari pvpiadas, cf. W . 249 (234), [cf. 39 (38)]) ; neut. tit dvo into two parts, Mt. xxvii. 51; Mk. xv. 38 ; with gen. in the Sept.* Swards, -ij, -¿v, (dvvapat); [fr. Pind. down], Sept. for dvo ratv ¿tadi7rwi>(aurou),Mk. xi. 1; xiv. 13; Lk. xix. 29 ; "113J; able, powerful, mi/jhty, strong; 1. absolutely; a. [Mt. xi. 2 R G ] ; ratv OMCT&V, Acts x. 7. 8Jo e'| avrav, mighty in wealth and influence: 1 Co. i. 26; (Rev. vi. 15 Lk. xxiv. 13 [cf. Bttm. 158 (138); Win. 203 (191)]. Rec.); ol dvvaroi, the chief men, Acts xxv. 5, (Joseph, with a noun or pronoun : Svo haipovi£optvoi, Mt. viii. 28. b. j. 1, 12,4 J)KOV 'lovdaiiov ol Svvaroi; Xen. Cyr. 5, 4, 1; dvo paxaipai, Lk. xxii. 38 ; ini trTuparos dvo paprvpav, Mt. Thuc. 1,89; Polyb. 9,23, 4). 6 dvvaros, the preeminently xviii. 16; 2 Co. xiii. 1 ; ¿Wi Kvplois, Mt. vi. 24 ; Lk. xvi. mighty one, almighty Got!, Lk. i. 49. b. strong in sou!: 13; tiSt dvo aitXtftois, Mt. iv. 18; preceded by the article, to bear calamities and trials with fortitude and patience, ot dvo the two, the twain : Mt. xix. 5 ; Mk. x. 8 ; 1 Co. vi.

2 Co. xii. 10; strong in Christian virtue, 2 Co. xiii. 9; 16 ; E p h . v. 3 1 ; TOVS dvo, E p h . ii. 15 ; ol [ R e c . o n l y ] 3uo firm in conviction and faith, Ro. xv. 1. 2. in con- diaffijxai, Gal. iv. 24 ; ovrot [Lchm. br. oir.] oi dvo viol pov, struction; a. dvvaros dpi with inf., to be able (to do some- Mt. xx. 21 ; ntpl TO>V dvo adt\(f>a>v, Mt. xx. 24 ; iv ravrais thing-, [B. 260 (224); W. 319 (299)]) : Lk. xiv. 31; Acts rate dvtrlv ivroXais, Mt. xxii. 40; rovt dvo ¡xdvas, Mt. xiv. xi. 17; Ro. iv. 21; xi. 23 ; xiv. 4 R G ; 2 Co. ix. 8 R G ; 19; Mk. vi. 41 ; Lk. ix. 16 ; dvo hr)vapia, Lk. x. 35. 2 Tim. i. 12; Tit. i. 9 ; Ileb. xi. 19 (Lchm. ¿warm) ; Jas. 8vs, an inseparable prefix conveying the idea of d i f f i iii. 2. b. Swurot tv Ttut, mighty i. e. excelling in some- c u l t y , o p p o s i t i o n , i n j u r i o u s n e s s or the like, and thing : iv fpyäa>jxt) ; from [Aeschyl. and] Hdt. down; with inf., Mk. x. 24.* 6wncdX«c, adv., (SiWoXot), [fr. Plato down], tcith diffi- a giß: Jn. iv. 10 ; Acts viii. 20; xi. 17 ; Ro. v. 15; 2 Co. ix. 15 ; Heb. vi. 4 ; 17 X^Pls t'bödij Kara t6 ¡xirpov rrjt baptäs culty : Mt. xix. 23; Mk. x. 23; Lk. xviii. 24.* Swrpij, -ijr, 17, [fr. Aeschyl. and Ildt. down], much often- tov Xpurrov, according to the measure in which Christ er in plur. [W. § 27, 3] bvo-fiai, ai, (dva> or bvva, q. v.), gave it, Eph. iv. 7; with an epexegetical gen. of the sc. rjXiov, the setting of the sun: Lk. xii. 54 [acc. to the thing given, viz. rov Arylov irvfiparof, Acts ii. 38; x. 45; reading of T WII Tr mrg. tiri b. may possibly be un- diKatoa-vvtjs, Ro. v. 17 [ L W H Tr mrg. br. r. dwp.]; rijs derstood oitime (cf. W. 375 sq. (352)) ; see eV/, A. II.; XapiTos rov Ofov, Eph. iii. 7. The acc. baptdv (prop, as al. take the prep, locally, over, in, and give 811071. the a gift, gift-wise [cf. W. 230 (216); B. 153 (134)]) is used meaning which follows ; see ¿tri, A. I. 1 b.] ; the region of adverbially; Sept. for Din; a. freely, for naught, gratis, sunset, the iresl, [anarthrous, W. 121 (115)]: Rev.xxi.13; gratuitously: Mt. x. 8; 'Ro. iii. 24; 2 Co. xi. 7; 2 Th. iii. 8; i>,from all regions or nations, Mt. Rev. xxi. 6; xxii. 17, (Polyb. 18,17, 7; Ex. xxi. 11; baptav viii. 11 ; xxiv. 27; Lk. xiii. 29; in Ilebr. l??C?n W33, Svtv apyvptov, Is. Iii. 3). b. by a usage of which as yet Josh. i. 4. Often in prof. writ. fr. Hdt. on, both with no example has been noted fr. Grk. writ., without just cause, unnecessarily. Jn. xv. 25 (Ps. lxviii. (lxix.) 5 ; and without IJXIOU.* xxxiv. (xxxv.) 19); Gal. ii. 21, (Job i. 9 [?]; Ps. xxxiv. SUO-VDRITOT, -OK, (vofw), hard to be understood: 2 Pet. iii. 16. (xpi/o-por, Lcian. Alex. 54 ; Diog. Laert. 9, 13 bvv\os, Orac. of -a giß or of gifts: Ro. xv. 31 L Tr mrg. cf. btaicovta, 3. Sibyll. Cf. btxav eVtpeXeirai nai jrpoaray- the t sound as long or short. See the remarks on this subject in WH. App. p. 152 sq. (cf. Intr. § 399); Tdf. Proleg. p. 83 fiarwv, ¿is àv iroXcre/ar àp^wv airrorrtXoiis ; likewise Simon sq.; Soph. Lex. s. v. ci. The use of t for ti is noticed s. v. I,

et

P r e s . in t h e apodosis, L k . xix. 8 ; R o . iv. 2 ; xv. 2 7 ; foil, by a question in t h e a]K>dosis, Lk. xvi. 11, 1 2 ; J n . xviii. 23 ; 1 Co. iv. 7; Ix. 1 1 ; foil, by t h e A o r . in t h e apodosis, Rev. xx. 1 5 ; by t h e I m p v . in t h e apodosis, J n . xviii. 2 3 ; xx. 15; Ro. xi. 17 s q . ; 1 T i m . v. 9, 10; Philem. 18; by t h e F u t . in t h e apodosis, J n . xiii. 3 2 ; xv. 20 ; Ileb. xii. 25 ( w h e r e supply OVK TjTr]t, tyivaxTKtv av if this m a n w e r e a p r o p h e t , h e would k n o w ) ; J n . v. 4 6 ; viii. 4 2 ; ix. 41 ; 1 Co. vii. 9. y. foil, by t h e F u t u r e in t h e apodosis : Lk. xv. 19; 1 Co. xi. 3 1 ; Gal. i. 1 0 ; H e b . viii. 4, 7 (if . . . x v i . 3 1 ; A c t s v. 39 L T T r W I I ; xix. 3 9 ; R o . viii. 1 1 , 1 3 ; w e r e etc. t h e r e would not b e sought etc. viz. in t h e O. T . 2 Co. xi. 30, etc. 8. foil, by t h e P e r f e c t or t h e Aorist in passage q u o t e d vs. 8 ) ; by a question in t h e apodosis : t h e apodosis, w h e r e it is declared t h a t , if this or t h a t is, 1 Co. xii. 19 ; I l e b . vii. 1 1 ; by av with t h e aor., where something else h a s or h a s not o c c u r r e d : M t . xii. 26, 2 8 ; t h e Latin uses t h e plupf. s u b j u n c . : J n . xi. 32 (tl fjs J>81 L k . xi. 20; 1 Co. xv. 16; Gal. ii. 21; Ro. iv. 14; 2 P e t . ii. 20. if thou h a d s t been h e r e , OVK &V airtOavt pov o a&tXipot my *. foil, by t h e I m p e r f e c t , e i t h e r with or without Sv, w h e r e b r o t h e r would n o t h a v e died [when h e did (cf. below) ; in t h e protasis something is simply assumed to be, b u t t h e B. § 139, 25 r e g a r d s t h e impf. in prot. as expressing d u r OVTOS KOKOHOIOS. ov* apodosis shows t h a t w h a t h a s been assumed c a n n o t be a t i o n ] ) ; J n . iv. 10; xviii. 30 (tl pi) t h e case. T h r e e passages falling u n d e r this h e a d h a v e av 5t . . . OVK Sv tTt6vT)K(i, would not h a v e died vtvovaiv ( T T r , for R G L W I I tpvqpovtvov) . . . ti%ov av, [and be now d e a d ; cf. W . 304 (285) a n d see a b o v e ; b u t I l e b . xi. 15 ( w h e r e by t h e pres. tense t h e w r i t e r r e f e r s L T T r t x t . W I I r e a d t h e aor. h e r e a l s o ] ) ; 1 J n . ii. 19. to t h e l a n g u a g e of t h e J e w i s h F a t h e r s as a t p r e s e n t re- b . tl with t h e Plpf., foil, in t h e apodosis by av with t h e c o r d e d in t h e sacred S c r i p t u r e s ; cf. rotavra \tyavrts vs. plpf. or t h e aor., in t h e sense of t h e L a t i n plpf. s u b j . : 14) ; tl TTKVA TOV 'A/3p. ttrrt ( G L T T r W I I , for R fa) M t . xii. 7 (tl eyvuKfiTf if ye had understood i. e. if y e . . . tlTOltlTt ( [ W I I t x t . Trot.J R L add Sv), J n . viii. 3 9 ; cf. knew, OVK iv KartdtKaaart rovs dvairiove y e would not Bum. in S t u d . u. K r i t . for 1858 p. 4 74 sqq. [ N . T . G r a m . have condemned t h e g u i l t l e s s ) ; M t . xxiv. 43 and L k . xii. § 139, 26 ; b u t cf. M e y . on Lk. 1. c.]. B u t 2 Co. xi. 4 . . . 39, (tl r/Sti if he h a d perceived i. e. if h e knew, t'yprjyopr}KifpviTtrtt. . . avti^taBt G T T r W I I mrg. (avt\f, .In. x. 37 s q . ; tl yap tTttfrrtvtTt . . . ,tl St . . . ov iri- Xen., Plat., a l . ) : Ro. xiii. 9 ; 1 Tim. i. 10; « r i t with artvtrt, J n . v. 46 s q . ; add, Mk. xi. 26 R G L ; Ro. viii.. subjunc. pres. Rev. xi. 5 Rec. ; with the subjunc. aor., 9 ; 1 Co. Lk. 2 ; xi. 6 ; J a s . iii. 2. p. to some other idea ibid. T T r W H t x t . which is n e g a t i v e (formally or virtually) : tl . . . OVK [fty«, see yt, 3 c.] aKovovaut,ovSi . . . nti.] X ttpi irpftrfivTT)s, Lk. i. 18; rya> dpi Ta/Spt^X, Lk. i. 19 ; the P e r f e c t ptcp. is formed — a periph. of the aor. fprffios ttrriv o rdjror, Mt. xiv. 15; 7rpo^)ijrr}9 ft s or ¿>[kos, etc. of itrriv t) £a>mj avrrj, Acts xxi. 11 ; add, Mk. xii. 7; Jn. x. 12; xix. 24; — or for the possession of which he is V. tlpi with P r e p o s i t i o n s and their cases. 1. Qtted: TWOS ttrrw FJ ¡3aaiXtla r. ovp- or rov Otov, he is fit airo TIVO r (TOTTOV), to come from, be a native of: J n . 1.44

eifu

179

eifil

(45) [cf. tv spoken of ills which one is afflicted with: iv pvati aificeros, tltriv, unite, conspire, towards one and the same result, Mk. v. 25; Lk. viii. 43, (iv TJ vfotp, Soph. Aj. 271 ; in agree in one; 2 Co. vi. 18 (Jer. xxxviii. (xxxi.) 1) ; Heb. morbo esse, Cic. Tusc. 3, 4, 9) ; of wickedness in which i. 5 (2 S. vii. 14) ; viii. 10. 3. Zk rivos, a. to be of one is, as it were, merged, iv reus ¿papriais, 1 Co. xv. 17; i. e. a part of. any thing, to belong to, etc. [W. 368 (345) ; of holiness, in which one perseveres, iv iriorti, 2 Co. xiii. cf. B. 159 (139)] : 1 Co. xii. 15 sq.; ?«c runav, of the num- 5. c. to be in possession of, provided with a thing [W.386 0dpi i (see ber of: Mt. xxvi. 73; Mk. xiv. 69 sq.; Lk. xxii. 58; J n . (361)]: Phil. iv. 11; ivi£avais ovk 1, H e b . iv. 3. b . with acc. of t h e 8, 10; 1 Co. i. 15; xiv. 23 ; xv. 27 [L br. WI1 mrg. om. o f , designate

by words:

tv tlirov, J n . i. 15

[(not W H txt.) ; B. 377 (323); cf. Ro. iv. 1 W H txt. (say o / ) ] ; 6 prfltis, M t . iii. 3. thrtiv riva xaX&r, to speak well of one, praise him, L k . vi. 2G, (ti tlirtìv riva, Horn. O d . 1,

302) ; tea/cat, to speak ill of one, Acts xxiii. 5 fr. Ex. xxii. 28 ; cf. Kühner § 409, 2 ; 4 1 1 , 5 ; [W. § 32, 1 b. ß. ; B. 146 (128)]. c. with an ellipsis of the acc. avrò (see airós, II. 3) : Lk. xxii. 67 ; Jn. ix. 27 ; xvi. 4, etc. ?

182

elpi)viKO avpiov sc. ¡¡ptpav, f o r t h e morrow, M t . vi. trai tic ptràvoiav, 2 P e t . iii. 9, etc. 34 ; Acts iv. 3 ; tic rjptpav Kpitrtas, 2 P e t . ii. 9 ; iii. 7 ; tls rection or reference; a. univ. of a c t s in which the Tjfitpav Xpurrou, P h i l . i. 10; ii. 16; f i t {¡pipav àiroXvrpói- m i n d is directed towards, or looks to, something : ßXtntiv trtas, Eph. iv. 30. 4. of the (temporal) l i m i t t o tls irpóatatróv rtvos (see ßktiro>, 2 c.) ; cnroßXtirtiv tls T. w h i c h ; iinto i. e. even to,until: A c t s xxv. 21 ; 1 T h . iv. pxaBaisohoalav, Heb. xi. 26 ; ¿(popàv tls • • • *Iijirovv, ib. 15 ; tls tKtivT)v rrjv ¡¡ptpav, 2 T i m . i. 12. On t h e p h r a s e xii. 2 (see A. I. 5 a. above) ; nuntvtiv tls TWO, and the

xiii. 42 ; tls rò naXtv, again (for the second, third, time), 2 Co. xiii. 2. 3. of the (temporal) l i m i t f o r w h i c h anything is or is done ; Lat. in ; our for, unto : Rev.

tig TtXot, see Ti'Xor, 1 a.

Used M E T A P H O R I C A L L Y , tls I . retains the force of e n t e r i n g i n t o anything, 1. where one thing is said to be changed into another, or to be separated into parts, or where several persons or things are said to be collected or combined into one, etc. : àirofialvtiv tls TI, B.

Phil. i. 19 ; yirttrdai

t'c TI, sec yivopat, 5 d. ; tivai tls TI, TRRPLFYTTV TI tit TI, Rev. xi. 6 ; ptTaarpitftttv, Acts ii. 20 ; J a s . iv. 9 ; p*Ta\Xa- Mk. vi. 11 ; Acts xi. 18 ; Ro. x. 4; Phil. i. 25 ; ii. 16 ; 2 povta>, unto moderation, modesty, i. e. not beyond it, Ro.Tim. ii. 25 ; Rev. xxii. 2, etc. «. tls TO foil, by an inf., xii. 3. b. the end which a thing is a d a p t e d to a t t a i n a favorite construction with Paul (cf. B. 264 (227) sq. ; (a use akin to that in B. II. 2 b.; [cf. W. 213 (200)]) : Harmsen in the Zeitschr. f. wissensch. Theol. for 1874, àpyòs k. Sxapiros tls rt, 2 Pet. i. 8 ; tCfftros, Lk. ix. 62 R G ; pp. 345-360), is like the Lat. ad with the gerundive. It xiv. 35 (34) ; ttixpyrros, 2 Tim. iv. 11 ; xpympos, 2 Tim. is of two kinds ; either aa. ds ró combines with the ii. 14 RG, dvvapovpitvos, Col. i. 11 ; Otoiidaxros, 1 Th. iv. verb on which it depends into a single sentence, as irapadatroviriv avrò»... tls TO tpna~t£ai, (Vulg. ad deludendum), 9 ; fipabvs, Jas. i. 19 ; aoipós, Ro. xvi. 19 ; à>s tls ànoKaXtn/riv, Lk. ii. 32 ; dvvapis tls etc. Ro. i. 16 ; Ileb. xi. 11 ; Mt. xx. 19 ; «(S TÒ crravpmtìrjvai, Mt. xxvi. 2 ; oixoòopt]6rf àvaytvvav tls, 1 Pet. i. 3 sq. ; avaxaivoa, Col. ili- 10 ; tro- atrai tls rò rà tlbaXó&vra t'trtìitiv, (Vulg. aedificabitwr ad i(av rivà tls, 2 Tim. ili. 15 ; Itrxvtiv tls, Mt. v. 13. c. manducandum idolothyta), 1 Co. viii. 10; /i^ olnias OVK the end which one has in view, i.e. o b j e c t , p u r p o s e ; f^eTi iti rò toBitiv K- trivfiv, 1 Co. xi. 22 ; ds rò jrpoctpiptw a. associated with other prepositions [cf. W. § 50,5] : ftc òàpa rt xaì dverias KaOitrrarat, (Vulg. ad offerenda mimerà «icrrtas tls irioriv, to produce faith, Ro. i. 17, cf. Fritzsche, et hostias), Heb. viii. 3 ; add, Ileb. ix. 28 ; 1 Th. ii. 16 ; Meyer, Van Ilengel, ad loc. ; «'£ avrov kcù di' avrov «al tls iv. 9 ; Phil. i. 23 ; or P0. (Is TO with the inf. has the avrov, answering to his purj>oses (the final cause), Ro. xi. force of a separate telic clause (equiv. to iva with tlie 3G ; «'£ ov rà trama «ai r^ptìs tls avrov, 1 Co. viii. 6 ; ii* avrovsubjunc.), [Meyer (on Ro. i. 20) asserts that this is its Kai tls avrov (see did, A. III. 2 b. sub fin.), Col. i. 16 ; uniform force, at least in Ro. (cf. his note on 2 Co. viii. bt airrnv ds avrov, Col. i. 20. f). shorter phrases : (it 6) ; on the other hand, Harmsen (u. s.) denies the telic rovro, to this end, Mk. i. 38 ; [Lk. iv. 43 R G Tr mrg.] ; force of tis ro before an inf. P r e s e n t ; cf. also W. 329 tls avrò rovro [R. V./or this very thing], 2 Co. v. 5 ; fis (309); esp. B. as above and p. 265 note; Ellic. on I rovro . . . iva etc. Jn. xviii. 37 ; 1 Jn. iiL 8 ; Ro. xiv. 9 ; 2 Thess. ii. 12; and see below, d. fin.]: Lk. xx. 20 Co. ii. 9 ; 1 Pet. iv. 6 ; »IS avrò rovro • . .OTTMSetc. Ro. R G ; Acts iiL 19 [T W H npós] ; Ro. i. 11 ; iv. 16, 18 ; ix. 17 ; ina, Col. iv. 8 ; Eph. vi. 22 ; tls ri, to what purpose, xi. 11 ; xii. 2; xv. 8,13; 1 Co. ix. 18; x. 6 ; Gal. iii. 17; Mt. xxvi. 8 ; Mk. xiv. 4 ; tls o, to which end, for which Eph. i. 12,18; 1 Th. ii. 12,16; iii. 5; 2Th.i. 5 ; ii. 2,10; cause, 2 Th. i. 11 ; Col. i. 29. y. univ. : fiairrifa tis riva, Jas. i. 18 ; Heb. ii. 17 ; vii. 25 ; ix. 14, 28 ; xii. 10 ; xiii. 21 ; ri (see 3T)V, Jni v. 24; 1 Jn. iii. 14; iytpBrfvai Xaov, Acts iii. 23 ; irpo/3 or VVFIFIIFÌÀFA ÌK TOV ó^Xou, v7rvov, Ro. xiii. 11 [cf. W . 366 (344) n o t e ] ; (¿vrts ix

190 vtxpwv, alive from being dead (i. e. who had been dead and were alive again), Ro. vi. 13; ¿aiq c* vtxpav i. e. of those that had been vtxpol, Ro. xi. 15, (t\tv6tpostx 8ov\ov xal itkovoios tK 7rrs, Dem. p. 270 fin.; tx ir\ovs HUrrrjv (pavrjvai, X e n . an. 7, 7, 28; ylyvopai rvtpXos TX itbopxoTOS, Soph. 0 . T . 454 ; t\acf>ov i f dvSpos ytveaOat, Palaeph. 3, 2 ; add, Lys. adv. Ergocl. init.; Tac. ann. 1, "4 ex pauperibus divites, ex contemtis metuendi). Also of the state out of the midst of which one does something : TK rroWf/s ff\i^r«j>i ypativ, 2 Co. ii. 4. 6. of any kind of s e pa r a t i o n or d i s s o l u t i o n of c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a t h i n g or person [cf. B . 157 ( 1 3 8 ) ] : dvanaJtrl(e(r6ai, xviii. ] ; 26 ; v/itit ol Kaff tva « a o r o r rfjv favrov yvvaiKa ayairara, 1-7}s 7roXf; 1 aor. inf. CKdi/fujo-ai; (?*3i)fios away from home) ; 1. to go abroad (Hdt., Soph., Plat., Joseph., a l . ) ; hence univ. to emigrate, depart: (K TOV paras, from the body as the earthly abode of the spirit, 2 Co. v. 8. 2. to be or live abroad: 2 Co. v. 9 ; ¿no roC Kvpiov, abode with whom is promised us, 2 Co. v. 6 ; in these exx. opp. to e^rjpa, q. v.*

(k-Pchtis, -eas, |u: Mid., fut. eK&oitrofiai; 2 aor. 3 pers. sing. merely the end of their physical life, but the manner in f£i'3oTo, T W I I f£e8ero (see awoilSafu) ; a com. word in which they closed a well-spent life as exhibited by their Grk. auth. fr. Horn. II. 3, 459 on; to give out of one's spirit in dying ; cf. Delitzsch ad loc.* house, power, hand, stores; to give out, give up, give over-, iic-f)oX4j, -rjs, fj, (¿K/3aXAa>) ; a. a casting out. b . hence also to let out for hire, to farm out, Hdt. 1, 6 8 ; spec, the throwing overboard of goods and lading whereby yeapylm 8c iKdedopevat dowXoit, Plat. legg. 7 p. 806 d.; advantage: sailors lighten a ship in a storm to keep her from sinking, al. In the N. T . , Mid. to let out for one's (Aeschyl. sept. 769; Aristot. eth. Nic. 3, 1, 5 [p. 1110«, Mt. xxi. 33, 41 [ R e c . i*ioo-rnu, cf. Tdf.'s note; B . 47 9] ; Lcian. de mere. cond. 1) : notuaùai tK^oXijv, Lat. ( 4 1 ) ] ; M k . xii. 1 ; Lk. xx. 9.* jacturam facere, to throw the cargo overboard, Acts xxvii. iK-8i-tfylo|JLai, -ovpai; dep. mid.; prop, to narrate in full 18 ; with r&v (TKfvàiv added, Sept. J o n . i. 5 ; ran oprriav, or wholly, univ. to relate, tell, declare - ri, Acts xiii. 41 Poll. 1, 99 p. 70 ed. Hemsterh* (Hab. i. 5 ) ; xv. 3. ([Aristot. rhet. Alex. 23 p. 1434 b , ; Pass., [pres. exyapifapai] ; impf. i£eyapi- 4 ] ; Joseph., [Philo], Galen, [al.] ; Sept.) * fcSuct'w, - a f u t . iic&uaitra; 1 aor. t^eSiiaiaa ; (exiucos, {ofir)v ; to give away (tit out of the house [cf. W . 102 a. rivd, to vindicate ( 9 7 ) ] ) in marriage: a daughter, 1 Co. vii. 38* R G , q. v . ) ; Sept. for Op.}, Ipi), 0310; [ibid." R e e . ] ; Mt. xxiv. 38 R G T r txt. Pass, to marry, one's right, do one justice, [A. V . avenge"]: Lk. xviii. 5 to be given in marriage, Mt. xxii. 30 R G [cf. Tdf.'s note (1 Macc. vi. 2 2 ) ; riva airo TIVOS, to protect, defend, one ad loc.]; L k . xvii. 27 R G ; see y a p i f a . Not found person from another, Lk. xviii. 3 ; eavrov, to avenge one's self, Ro. xii. 19. b. ri, to avenge a thing (i. e. to punelsewhere.* iK-yojiLcrKio, i. q. èicyapifa, q. v. : Pass. [pres. cicya- ish a person for a thing) : tj)v napaKoijv, 2 Co. x. 6 ; ri piaKopai] ; L k . x.\. 34 sq. R G ; cf. yapioKa and Fritzsche alpa TI OS OTTO or ck TIVOS, to demand in punishment the blood of one from another, i. e. to exact of the murderer on Mk. p. 5 2 9 sqq. Not found elsewhere.*

eKöiKTjai [cf. W . 158 (150)]) mrg. ¿7TU1/]; Heb. xi. 6, (Ps. xiii. (xiv.) 2 ; xxxiii. KtvTi¡crav, J n . xix. 37. (Polyb. 5, 56, 12; Polyaen. 5, 3, (xxxiv.) 5 ; lxviii. (lxix.) 33; Amos v. 4, etc.). b . to 8 ; for I f n , Judg. ix. 54; J^.n to kill, Num. xxii. 29. 2 seek out i. e. investigate, scrutinize: rl, Sir. xxxix. 1, 3 ; Macc. xii. 6. Cf. Fischer, De vitiis lexicc. etc. p. 540 sq.)* ntpt runs, to examine into anything, 1 Pct.'i. 10, where ¿k-k\¿u : 1 aor. pass. t£