The Tradition of the Syriac Church of Antioch concerning the Primacy and the Prerogatives of St. Peter and of his Successors the Roman Pontiffs 9781463226855

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The Tradition of the Syriac Church of Antioch concerning the Primacy and the Prerogatives of St. Peter and of his Successors the Roman Pontiffs

Syriac Studies Library

119

Sériés Editors Monica Blanchard Cari Griffïn Kristian Heal George Anton Kiraz David G.K. Taylor

The Syriac Studies Library brings back to active circulation major reference works in the field of Syriac studies, including dictionaries, grammars, text editions, manuscript catalogues, and monographs. The books were reproduced from originals at The Catholic University of America, one of the largest collections of Eastern Christianity in North America. The project is a collaboration between CUA, Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute, and Brigham Young University.

The Tradition of the Syriac Church of Antioch concerning the Primacy and the Prerogatives of St. Peter and of his Successors the Roman Pontiffs

By

Cyril Behnam Benni

Translated and Annotated by Joseph Gagliardi

-Ék

1

2012

gorgias press

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2012 by Gorgias Press LLC Originally published in 1871 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. 2012

-X.

% ISBN 978-1-61719-242-5

Reprinted from the 1871 London edition.

Digitized by Brigham Young University. Printed in the United States of America.

Series Foreword

This series provides reference works in Syriac studies from original books digitized at the ICOR library of The Catholic University of America under the supervision of Monica Blanchard, ICOR's librarian. The project was carried out by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute and Brigham Young University. About 675 books were digitized, most of which will appear in this series. Our aim is to present the volumes as they have been digitized, preserving images of the covers, front matter, and back matter (if any). Marks by patrons, which may shed some light on the history of the library and its users, have been retained. In some cases, even inserts have been digitized and appear here in the location where they were found. The books digitized by Brigham Young University are in color, even when the original text is not. These have been produced here in grayscale for economic reasons. The grayscale images retain original colors in the form of gray shades. The books digitized by Beth Mardutho and black on white. We are grateful to the head librarian at CUA, Adele R. Chwalek, who was kind enough to permit this project. "We are custodians, not owners of this collection," she generously said at a small gathering that celebrated the completion of the project. We are also grateful to Sidney Griffith who supported the project.

TO THE PIOUS BENEFACTRESS. WHO SO GENEROUSLY ASSISTED B R I N G I N G TO T H E L I G H T T H I S IN

AID OP T H E

IN

PUBLICATION,

POOR

NINEVITES, MOST RESPECTFULLY AND

GRATEFULLY,

D.D.

W I T H AN E A R N E S T PRAYER THAT UPON H E R MAY BE T H E F U L N E S S OF T H E

BESTOWED REWARD

P R O M I S E D BY C H R I S T I N T H E S E VERY D

Z) y l ' ^ L i

•X

^ D

WORDS1, ^

£>

OCT!

THE

AUTHOR.

C. B .

BENNI

SYRIAN A R C H B I S H O P OF MOSSUL.

1

Taken backward, the words read literally thus :—

U-abu-k

d-hoze

b-kesio hu

ne-phrho-k

b-ghelio.

" And-Father-tliy, who-seetli, in-socret, lie sliall-roward-tliec in-public."

CONTENTS.

PAET g>amt

I.

$ttn-. PAGE

CHAPTEB „

„

I. Chief of the Apostles

.

.

.

.13

II. The only Foundation-Stone

.

.

.19

III. The Eock of Faith

25

IV. The Church based on him ancl his Faith .

34

V. The Denial „

„ ,,

43

VI. Second Moses

47

VII. Vicar of Christ

50

VIII. Head Shepherd and Universal Ruler

.

IX. Bearer of the Keys

53 59

„

X. Transmitter of the Keys .

.

.

.64

„

XI. The Source of Priesthood .

.

.

.66

.

.

.67

XII. The Unerring Doctor

.

viii

CONTENTS.

PART

II.

IFLOMAN CIJUTCLJ. PAGE

Chaptek

I. Her Establishment; or, Peter sent to Rome

„

.

.

.

.

.

.

75

I I . Her Diffusion; or, the Mother Church

„

I I I . Her Divine Primacy

„

IY. Her Inerrancy.

.

.

.

.

79 .83 85

PART

III.

©I)E L&OMAN IPONTIFFIS, TL)I ¿FEUMIWORS OF Chapter „

I. The Perpetuity of the Primacy .

.93

I I . The Roman Pontiffs the only Legitimate Succcssors

„

.

.

.

.

I I I . Their Divine Primacy

.

.

.

.

.

95

.

.99

IY. Their Supremacy „ „ „ „

IOC

Y. They are ahove Councils .

.

.

YI. Their right of receiving Appeals Y I I . Of Excommunication Y I I I . Of Canonical Institutions

.

.

. .

. .

. 120 .

.

117

123 . 125

CONTENTS.

IX PACK

CHAFTEE

I X . Of Summoning General Councils X . Of Proving the Faith

„ „

.

.

.

. 130

.

.131

X I . Their Inerrancy X I I . In every thing equal to Peter .

135 .

. 141

CONCLUSION

INDEX I.

145

Index I I

147

GENERAL INDEX

AND GLOSSARY

151

PREFACE. " L'Arabo, il Parto, il Siro In suo sormon I'udi."

H

OW highly favoured by Divine Providence the Eastern region has been is known to every

Christian. The East was the birth-place of the Incarnate Word; and year after year pilgrims from every quarter flock thither to visit His cradle. To the East was primarily committed the diffusion of the good tidings—the

spreading of that evangelical

truth

which, issuing from the tender heart of Jesus, was to be proclaimed by the inspired lips of His Apostles. From the East, bounteously enriched with the invaluable gifts of faithj these faithful messengers went forth and scattered over the face of the earth that fire which the Son of God had brought down from heaven, and which He so earnestly desired should be enkindled. Throughout the East, numbers of men, whose names still live for holiness, wisdom, and learning, arose in succession of time to guard and to protect the sacred

Xll

PREFACE.

deposit which they had received from the Apostles, and by which they were able to supply all Christian nations with such a wealth of truly scientific and philosophical doctrine as was sufficient to settle the bases of all Christian legislation, and of every noblqgt institution : a wealth of doctrine which brought forth that enlightenment, that enduring and ever-increasing enlightenment, which, as Eusebius said, " shoots like a sunbeam over the earth/'' Hence the expediency of turning from time to time—especially when controversies arise—towards that favoured region, so as to draw from its primitive tradition, as from a fountain, pure and soul-refreshing waters, by a diligent inquiry into the teaching of its great writers, who faithfully handed on to their successors those inviolable truths which they had received from their forefathers, in whose ears was still ringing the voice of the Apostles, which echoed onward the sound of those sacred words that were eagerly caught, in their freshness and beauty, while they were dropping from the tongue of the Incarnate Son of God, whose mouth, as St. Peter expresses it, breathed nothing but life eternal. It is thus that the happy connexion of that Church of the East (which St. Augustin called " the root of the Churches of the West") with the Great Roman Church will be fully recognized; and thus, I hope, by

PH.E-FACE.

XLLL

so evident a parallel, the brilliancy of its truth will strike more and more forcibly upon the upright and unbiassed mind; so that Catholics, well rooted in their faith, will simply be confirmed in their allegiance to the Old Religion; the wavering and unstable, who move on with the shifting tides of opinion, will be attracted by Divine grace to renounce their doubtful and dangerous hesitations, and lay hold of the whole truth, " bringing into captivity all their thoughts to the obedience of C h r i s t " (2 Cor. x. 5) ; whilst those who are still wandering outside, a s soon as they are convinced of the unchangeable verity, and come to behold the truth in its full light, will also heartily embrace it, and courageously betake themselves to the ONE fold of Christ. These, my dear readers, were the thoughts that passed through my mind, and were fondly cherished within my heart, when, a year ago, I was searching, during the Vatican Council, these several documents concerning the primacy and the prerogatives of St. Peter and of his successors—the Roman Pontiffs. May this humble work, which I ventured upon in the simplicity of my heart, relying solely on the power of truth, bring forth in every Christian soul the same priceless gifts of the Holy Ghost which I am daily asking for myself, praying to the Lord, with the Royal Prophet, " Teach me goodness, disci-

xiv

PREFACE.

pline, and science" ("Bonitatem et disciplinam et scientiam doce m e " ) , or as I carry these words engraven on my episcopal seal, in the original Syrian language, spoken by our Lord Jesus Himself, y .

. 0 V ]± ¿DO

* ox v I ^ Q ^ j ^ O

.o

v Jifil^

(Thamo, u Taibutho, u Madho alephain), words that more properly mean a spiritual relish, a moral goodness, an enlightened doctrine.

CYRIL B E H N A M B E N N I Archbishop

L o n d o n , Mai/,

1871.

of

Nineveh.

P R i E N 0 T A N D A. m H E J-

Syrian Church branches off, as it were, into four families.

The first is t h a t which is simply

called the Syrian, to which I have the happiness to belong.

The second is t h a t of the Maronites.

The

third, t h a t of the Chaldeans, or Nestorians.

The

fourth, t h a t of the Greek Melchites.

This last, owing

to t h e vicissitudes of the Byzantian schism by which she has been long tossed about, has preserved hardly any vestige of the truly Syrian Church, except the use of the Syriac language, or merely the characters.

It

is for this

reason

t h a t we

Syrian have

omitted her testimonies, which should rather be referred to the Greek Church.

THE tradition of the Syriac Church of Antioch from t h e fourth century, is found in nearly two hundred Documents, which the Editor collected in the last year from the Syriac codices preserved in the Vatican Library, and in the Museum of the U r b a n College of Propaganda.

XVI

PBJINOTANDA.

The works referred to may be classed as follows:— 1st. Liturgical Books of a very ancient origin, in daily use amongst Catholics and non-Catholics. 2nd. Fathers of the Syriac Church, and private schismatic and heretic Doctors. 3rd. Books of Canon Law and of Theology written, or at least recognized and published, by schismatics and heretics. 4th. Lastly, historical Books of non-Catholics and the writings of their Patriarchs.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

His Grace the Archbishop of Westminster, 8, York Place, London, W., 5 copies. Amherst, Eight Rev. Francis Kerril, D.D., Bishop of Northampton, Bishop's House, Leicester Road, Northampton. Akers, Rev. George, St. Mary's, Ash Grove, Hackney, London, E. Adolph, Albert, 22, Maitland Park Villas, Haverstock Hill, London N.W. Bute, the Marquess of, Mount Stuart House, Eothsay, Isle of Bute 2 copies. Bourke, Yery Rev. Ulich Joseph, President of St. Jarlath's College, Tuam, Ireland. Biblioteca, Civico Beriana, Genova, Italia. Buist, James I., M.D., Cardiff. Cachebruf, Right Rev. Bishop Joseph P. W., Yicar Apostolic of Colorado Denoed, U.S. Castracane, M. Illustre Signor Ab. Conte Francesco (Soc. dell' Ac. de', N. Lincei), Piazza d'Ara Caeli, 8, Roma. CJarr, Yery Rev. Canon James, Formby, Lancashire. Clarke, Yery Rev. Canon John Joseph, Bishop's House, Clifton, Bristol. Coffin, Very Rev. li. A., Prov. Cong. SS. R., St. Mary's, 8, Clapham Road, London, S.W. Coulston, Rev. Gabriel, St. Cuthbert's College, Durham. B

2

LIST OP

SUBSCRIBERS.

Crookall, the Very Rev. Dr., Canon of Southwark, St. George's Cathedral, Westminster Bridge Road, London. Chisholm, Colin, Esq., Glenelg Villa, Englefield Road, Islington,London. Culleton, Thomas, Esq., 25, Cranbourn Street, Leicester Square, London. Danell, Right Rev. James, D.D., Bishop of Southwark, St. George's Cathedral, Southwark, S.E. . . . . 4 copies. Donnelly, Right Rev. James, D.D., Bishop of Clogher, Bishop's House, Monaghan, Ireland. Dorrian, Right Rev. Patrick, Bishop of Down and Connor, Holywood, Belfast. Denbigh, the Earl of, Newnham Paddox, Lutterworth. Dormer, Right Hon. Lord, Grove Park, "Warwick. Douglas, Sir Charles, R.C.M.G., 27, Wilton Crescent, London, S.W. Daniel, Very Rev. Canon, St. Michael's, Hathersage, near Sheffield. Decker, Rev. H. E. H. (C. SS. R.) Amsterdam. Delaney, Very Rev. P., D.D., St. John's College, Waterford. De Lisle, Ambrose LislePhillipps, Esq., Garendon Park, Loughborough, Leicestershire. De Notaris, Cavalliere Giuseppe, Dottore e Professore all' Università di Genova, Italia. Dering, Edward H., Esq., Baddesley Clinton, Knowle, Warwickshire. Doyle, Rev. Thomas, D.D., Provost, St. George's Cathedral, Southward London. Eyre, the Most Rev. Archbishop, 248, West George Street, Glasgow. Esmonde, Sir John, Bart., M.P., Ballynastragh, Gorey, Ireland. Eyre, Rev. W., (S. J . ) St. Beuno's College, St. Asaph, North Wales. Edwards, John B., Esq., 48, Sandringham Road, West Hackney. Fitzherbert, Basil, Esq., Swynnerton Park, Stone, Staffordshire. Fleming, J., Esq., 12, Dorset Square, London, N.W. Ghiringhello, Joseph, Professor of S. Scripture and Hebrew Language at the University ; Fellow of the Royal Academy of Science, 6, Savoy Place, Turin (Italy). Gillooly, Right Rev. Laurence, C.M., Bishop of Elphin, Sligo, Ireland 2 copies. Granard, Earl of, Castle Forbes, Ireland . . . 2 copies. Grey, Lady, Thurlow Place, Lower Norwood, London . 2 copies.

LIST OP SUBSCRIBERS.

3

Gazzola, Rev. D., V.-Prov. 0 . C., St. Mary's College, Rugby. Gordon, Rev. William, Everingham Park, Yorkshire. Gregory, Right Rev. Abbot, Broxwood, Pembridge. Geoghegan, Michael John, Esq., 50, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C. Goold, Madame, The Convent, Roehampton, Surrey, S.W. Howard, Right Rev. Möns. Edward A., D.D., Palazzo Sacripanti, 67, Quirinale, Rome 3 copies. Howard, Lord, of Glossop, 191, Rutland Gate, Knightsbridge, S.W. 2 copies. Hamilton, F. H., M.A., Stoke Newington, London, N. Harrison, William, The Hall, Rose Hill, near Rotherham. Hugo, Rev. Thomas, The Rectory, West Hackney, Stoke Newington, London, N. Hutton, Yery Rev. P., President, Ratcliffe College, Leicester. Keane, Right Rev. William, Bishop of Cloyne, Queenstown, Ireland. 2 copies. Leahy, Most Rev. Patrick, Archbishop of Cashel, Thurles, Ireland. 2 copies. Lindsay, Hon. Colin, 11, Bryanston Square, London 2 copies. Laforet, Yery Rev. Melior Joseph, Rector of the Catholic University, Louvain, Belgium. Leighton, Rev. W. A., B.A., F.L.S., Shrewsbury. Leman, Very Rev. J., President, French College, Blackrock, Co. Dublin. Lockhart, Rev. William, Presbytery, Culford Road, Kingsland, London, N. Melia, the Rev. Pius, D.D., 14, Gray's Inn Square, London, W.C. 2 copies. Mary Francis, The Rev. Mother, St. Mary's Franciscan Convent, Ash Grove, Hackney, London, E. Moore, Mrs. Marian, 19, Grafton Street, London, W. Moore, Adell, Miss, 19, Grafton Street, London, W. Moore, Arthur, Esq., St. Cuthbert's College, Durham. Norfolk, the Duke of, Norfolk House, London, S.W. Norfolk, the Duchess of, Norfolk House, London, S.W. B 2

4

LIST 01" SUBSCRIBERS.

O'Reilly, Rev. Gerald, St. Mary's Church, Wigan. O'Reilly, Very Rev. Canon Bernard, St. Yincent'a Church, 13, Hardy Street. Liverpool. Purbrick, Very Rev. E., Rector, Stoneyhurst College, Blackburn. Quinlan, Right Rev. John, Bishop of Mobile, Mobile United States

Alabama, 2 copies.

Rassam, Hormuzd, Esq., Ailsa Park Lodge, Twickenham 5 copies. Rooke, Very Rev. Fr. Austin, M. O.P., St. Dominic's Priory, Haverstock Hill, London, S.W. . Ryan, Edmond William, Esq., 60, Georges Street, Cork. Seminary, English, Bruges, Yery Rev. A. S. Room, V-Rector. Seminary, Quebec, and Laval University, Yery Rev. Thomas E. Hamell, V. G., President, Quebec, Canada. Seminary, Theological, Mt. St. Mary's of the West, Cincinnati, Rev. Francis Jos. Pabisch, D.D., LL.D., President. Sefi, Anthony, Esq., 21, Canonbury Square, Islington, London, N. Sefi, John, Esq., 21, Canonbury Square, Islington, London, N. Smith, Yery Rev. Dr. Payne, the Deanery, Canterbury. Tate, Right Rev. Möns., D.D., President, Ushaw College, Durham. Thompson, Yery Rev. Möns. Canon William, Esh Laude, Durham. Tasker, the Countess, Middleton Hall, Brentwood. Tondini, Rev. F. Cesaire, Barnabite, 64, Rue de Monceau, Paris. Ushaw College Library, Right Rev. Möns. Tate, D.D., Durham. Woodlock, Yery Rev. Möns. Barth, D.D., Hon. Chamberlain to His Holiness, Rector, Catholic University, Dublin. Walker, Charles, Esq., 31, Keppel Street, Russell Square, London. Walker, John, Esq., 31, Keppel Street, Russell Square, London. Walker, Thomas, Esq., 31, Keppel Street, Russell Square, London, Subscription one pound. Wegg Prosser, F. R., Esq., 45, Grosvenor Place, London, S.W. Wilberforce, H enry W., Esq., Chester Hill, Woodchester, Stroud.

A

PLEA FOR

THE

TRANSLATION. OVK lcerdotio, Tract, ii. cli. 7. Cod. de Prop. Sharfian (Syriac), p. 103, a tergo. XLVIII.

(Peter) denied, and by an oath confirmed his denial; but he did not forfeit therefore the apostolic dignity, or the pre-eminence he had over his brethren.

46 Nay, he heard his Saviour telling him: " Feed both my lambs and my s h e e p w h i c h also H e proved by the fact, when he said to him: " Simon, behold, Satan is seeking to sift you as wheat, but I have prayed for thee that thy faith may not fail, and thou, being once converted, confirm thy brethren, that is : that indulgence which has been granted to thee, a sinner, do thou likewise bestow upon thy failing and erring brethren. The same, ibid., Tract v. oh. 1. Cod. eod. p. 112.

XLIX. H e (Christ) left the other Disciples, and came to him who was the first and the head 58 of the assembly, saying to h i m : " Satan hath often sought to sift you as wheat . . . yet I have prayed for thee that thy faith may not fail . . . and thou, once converted, mind to confirm thy brethren; that is, to be the supporter, the initiator, the teacher of those who, by faith, will come near to Me . . . thou being converted, confirm thy b r e t h r e n w h i c h saying was both of one who pardons and of one who was raising him (Peter) to the apostolic Powers. St. Cyril of Alexandria, Homil. 144. Edit. Payne Smith, p. 412. 58

See note 41.

CHAPTER VI. SECOND MOSES.

M

L.

OSES, the chief of the old (law), Peter of the new, both alike: God dwelt in (both of them). Moses coming down (from the mountain) bore (in his hand) the tables of the law : Simon received the keys of the (heavenly) kingdom. Moses built the tabernacle of the alliance : Simon built the Church. Syriac Liturgy, Fer. ii. Noct. ii. Breviarium Feriale, Edit. Roman. 1853, p. 127. LI.

(0 Lord) . . . grant to the priests, whom Simon has ordained, that they may becomingly minister in the place of those instituted by Moses, who have nailed Thee to the cross. Ibid., Office of the Holy Week, Fer. ii. Noct. i. Cod. do Prop. (Syriac), 60, p. 13. LII.

Come, Moses, go to the land of the heathen. Mind the new vineyard, which Simon will plant as soon as I shall send him. Ibid., Fer. ii. Hor. 4. Cod. eod. p. 70.

48 LOT.

Moses put in his appearance and went off (like a figure) ; but Simon administered (the truth), and relished the sweetness of its flavour. Ibid., Fer. iii., ad Vesp. Cod. eod. p. 78. LIV.

There were both, the prince of the Old and the prince of the New Testament, confronting one another. There the saintly Moses beheld the sanctified Simon, the Steward of the Father, the Procurator of the Son. He who forced the sea asunder to let the people walk across the parted waves, beheld him, who raised the (new) Tabernacle, and built the Church. S. Ephrem, Serm. de Transfig. Domini, Sec. iv. Edit. Rom. 8yro-Grceco-Lattna, vol. ii. LV.

The power 59 which Elias had (Christ) had bestowed on Simon, That he should loose and bind like God 60. As a great master of the house, He brought those of Simon and those of Moses together, To match the new with the old at preaching 61. 59 60

See note 1, pt. i. See note 2, pt. i.

SlZojOfS^ L horozutheh, KrtpiyfiaTi, ad prcedicationem, in their herrald-Kke mission, come banditori della divina parola.— Matt. xii. 41, Koruzwtho d Iaunon is rendered in Greek by icripvyfia 'lava. 'AvSpes NiyeutToi, etc., " The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, and shall condemn i t ; because they repented at the preaching of Jonas." 01

49 He requested the great of the houses to interchange ; The old to yield the keys to those who were young. St. James of Serug., Homil. de Transfig. Domini. Cod. Vatic. (Syriac), 117, p. 538, a tergo, col. 2.

LVI.

(Christ) summoned Moses, the leader of Prophetship, And John, the ornament of the Apostleship. Summoned Elias, too, and joined to him Simon, the head of the Apostles, That the keys he received over all (the Church) might be sanctioned; . . . Brought forth the Gospel, to sway the world through Simon; Brought in Moses as a witness, because he is true. The same, ibid. Cod. ood. p. 539.

CHAPTER V I I . YICAE OF CHRIST. LVII.

H

ERB is Simon, wliorn the Lord thrice called upon (saying) : " F e e d Me My rams and My gentle sheep62. I entrust thee with the keys of My spiritual treasury^ that thou mayest hind and 62

Tamimotho, t h e e p i t h e t h e r e given t o neltauoth, is mildness, m e e k n e s s , a n d g e n t l e n e s s in itself. Otir L o r d applied it especially t o t h e doves ( M a t t . x. 16), w h e r e H e advised H i s disciples t o b e hahime ah huaotho utamime ah iaune, i. e. wise a s s e r p e n t s and harmless as doves. I t a n s w e r s p e r f e c t l y t o t h e Greek ^fiepos, a n d t h e L a t i n cicur a n d mansuetus, w h i c h signify domestic o r tame; a n o t h e r E n g l i s h w o r d , b y t h e w a y , of a p r o b a b l y Oriental origin, like t h e G o r m a n zliam, t h e Greek v e r b Sa/jiav, domare, a n d even t h e S a n s k r i t dam. A n o t h e r s h o r t observation upon nchauoth w e t r u s t m a y n o t be useless. Lot n s call to m i n d t h e f a m o u s irepiox^ of Isaias, w h i c h P h i l i p c a m e n p t o explain t o t h e e u n u c h of Candace, t h e chosen m a n of .¿Ethiopia: " H e w a s led as a sheep t o t h e slaughter, a n d like a l a m b d u m b beforo his s h e a r e r , " etc. H e r e sheep, in i t s Syriac original, is nehio, vpSffarov, ovis, evidently from tho radical verb nho, j u g u l a v i t , mecavit ; t h a t is, a n object for sacrifice, a crtpayiov (ein O p f e r t h i e r ) . I n one of St. J a m e s of S e r u g . ' s finest madroshe (canticle u p o n E d e s s a , l a t e l y p u b l i s h e d b y Dr. W r i g h t , in C u r o t o n ' s Syriac Doc. j, is t h i s p a s s a g e : " D r a w m e a f t e r T h e e i n t o T h y fold, because I am a sheep ( j j | dnekio no) gone a s t r a y in t h e world. A f t e r Thee I r u n , a n d T h y voice do I seek, t h a t t h e n u m b e r a h u n d r e d b y m e m a y be complete, b y a lost one which is f o u n d . "

51 loose on earth and in heaven. I will install thee Yiear of the heavenly kingdom; rule j u s t l y / 3 and govern the children of thy household (the Church). Syro-ChaMaoan Liturgy, in Com. SS. Apost. Petri et Pauli. Cod. Vatic. (Syriac), 86, p. 35.

LVIII. Then Peter deservedly received the Vicariate (of Christ) over His people. St. Ephrem., in Sermone de Martyrio, SS. Ap. Petri et Pauli. Cod. Vatic. (Arabic), 199, p. 194, a tergo.

LIX. And Simon Peter was their head (of the Apostles) ; holding the throne of Christ upon earth. Arums Matthasi, Nestorian Hist. Cod. do Prop. (Arabic), 45, p. 03.

IX. I t has been naturally provided by the Creator that children should not disinherit their parents, but on the contrary, fathers should have authority over their children. . . . Now all perfection should prevail in the Holy Church; so that as one is the veritable Father, one His Son, our Saviour Jesus Christ, one His Spirit, the Paraclete ; so also one is His faithful Vicar, Simon Barjona, who has been called (Kipho) the Rock, as (Christ) Himself had promised to him, saying : " Upon this Rock I wll build My Church." And again, " T o thee I will give the keys of the kingdom of heaven." Nestor. Synod., (sub Patriarch Dadishoo). Cod. do Prop. (Syriac), 27, p. 277. 63

•;•

jiSi.

SUaphiroith, properly, fairly, impartially,

5os evOvTijTos rj pafiSus rT]S f}aH, K a l &AAo i] TOV avdpwirov MOP Musica, a melodious harmony. S t . AUGUSTINE, a n d

See

Mshah.

" Music's ethereal fire was given, Not t o dissolve our clay, B u t d r a w P r o m e t h e a n beams f r o m heaven And purge t h e dross a w a y . " Newman. MYSTERY—of t h e I n c a r n a t i o n p. 121.—" Of the world above " This mystery of Life, where good and ill together blend, "VVago an u n d y i n g s t r i f e ; For rivers t w a i n are gushing still, and pour a mingled flood; Good in t h e very d e p t h of ill, ill in t h e h e a r t of good." Newman. •N. Name—" The

NAME

of t h e Most H i g h . "

See

JESUS.

of P e t e r — " a now name, which tho m o n t h of t h e Lord shall n a m e . " D. xxvi., p . 113 n.—K\Ti8ri(TCTai ¿Vo/ia tcaivov, Isa. lxv. 15. Nasziho (illustris, Esquire ?), like /cpdriarros, used as a title of dignity, p. 76 n. NEBEL (Psaltery), p. 34 n. " A w a k e , psaltery and h a r p . " Ps. lvi. 9. J/ecavit, slain—from nekio, a sacrificial sheep, p. 50. NESTOHIUS, a famous heresiarch of t h e fifth c e n t u r y (428) ; P a t r i arch of Constantinople. See DD. xvi., clxxvi., etc. Hence, Nestorians, Syro-Chaldeans, " O r i e n t a l Christians," who, w i t h t h e assistance of tho Kings of Persia, founded t h e school of Edessa, a f t e r w a r d s t r a n s f e r r e d to Nisibe. They were occasionally u n i t e d w i t h Rome u n d e r INNOCENT I V . , J U L I U S I I I . , and P A U L V . , y e t t h e y soon fell into their old groove. Ngar (dolavit, pared o f f ) , hence nagoro, TCKTWV, faber lignarius, p. 38 n. NlC/EA, a t o w n of Bithynia, famous for its (Ecumenical Council (325), presided over, in t h e name of SYLVESTER, b y t h e Bishop OSIUS. See Canones Nicasni Arabici, pp. 108, 132. N I N E V E H (dwelling of Ninus ?), t h e famous t o w n built by Asher (Gen. x. 11), on t h e l e f t bank of t h e Tigris, opposite to Mossul. The " r e m a i n s " of this onco "exceedingly g r e a t c i t y " are still wondered a t in t h e British Museum.—A " S i g n " t o tho m e n of Nineveh, J O N A H h a d converted t h e m by his predication; yet i t s heavy " b u r d e n " was soon given out by NAIIUM, after w h o m " s h e is empty, and void, and N

178 waste."—According to our Lord's promise, " The men of Nineveh shall rise in j u d g m e n t with this generation, and shall condemn i t . " See page iv. " When the rich town, t h a t long Has lain its h u t s among, Uprears its pageants vast, And vaunts—it shall not l a s t ! Bright t i n t s t h a t shine, are but a sign Of summer p a s t . " Newman. X I T R I A N HSS., quoted p. 7. NTcauoth (oves, sheep or ewes), p. 18 n. See JVecavit. N O N N U S Panopolitanus (Sec. Y.) wrote a Paraphrasis of the Gospel of St. .JOHN, quoted pp. 35 n., 50. Nv^tpt). See Call—and CLEOPATRA—most delicately hinted : " Tail your regard, Upon a wrong'd, I ' d fain have said, a maid." Shahspeare. But sadly marred in the following:— " T h e nympholepsy

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CCXVI. Tu es etiam traliens populum ad fontem yeritatis . . . et etiam factus es similis fonti dulci, a quo quicumque biberit, non amplius sitiet, ex doctrina divinitatis . . . tenensque firmiter verba Evangelii . . . sicut dicitur de rege Davide, qui electus et unctus est super populum, sicut Tu super Ecclesiam sanctam, sciens secreta pura: Pater noster, et corona capitis nostri, auxiliator animabus nostris doctrina divina. CCXYII. Nunc vero animadverti professionem yestram esse veluti lucernam, quee super candelabrum posita est, ad quam nullse pertingunt tencbrse, etsi vel totus mundus tenebras effuderit, ilia nihilominus luxerit ceu sol super omnes. CCXVIII. '¿fa J) (•fti.^J

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excellentiam vestram adoremus, et benedictionem a matre Ecclesia magna Pauli et Petri accipiamus nos humiles et subditi. Quis urgct nos, ut hoc faciamus, nisi fides Christiana et amor vester erga humilitatem nostram? Et hoc, quod vestrse sapientiae indicayimus suificiat; sed sustinemus hunc totum laborem propter Eomanam Ecclesiam. CCXIY. Item credo sicut films obediens; et semper obtemperabo ordinibus et confirmationibus, atque legibus Pontificis magnse Rom®, qui nostro tempore viget; et etiam omnibus, qui ei succedunt in Pontificatu Eomae. CCXY. ]]] . ]Lu? ]Zon > I cnAn^ui \i3cr\ ]l£>] LI2OMLO IJJOAIO V?)ION UR»R* IZAMICN ^ A O . . .

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COXIII. Etenim, o Pater, ecce fides mea pervenit ad Tuam sanctitatem cum epistolis, ut yideas si est dolus in professione nostra, aut est error, aut recessio qusedam a matre nostra Ecclesia Romana: admone et faciemus; Doce et obediemus . . . Et hoc sufficiat sanctitati T u « a nostra humilitate, quod ex ultimis orientis partibus, super capita et oculos nostros prsecepta tua feramus, et venimus (Romani) contra omnes nationes sanguine nostro, et sustinemus calamitates, ut ante H

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OCX. Pater mi Papa Julius, Domine sedis gloriosse Petri, congregentur tibi cunctse nationes Romanorum . . . Ultimo hsec peto a sanctitate Patria mei carissimi, fidem orthodoxam stabilem. Quia literse vestrse charitatis pervenerunt ad meam deficientiam et infìrmitatem, et legi eas, et intellexi, et dixi : hodie venit ad me nuntius, et tamquam excitatus a somno surrexi a mari tribulationum . . . Et noli me despicere, Pater mi, corona capitis nostri, cum ausus fuerim scribere hoc et tot verba : sic enim decebat scribere nostram fidem ad vestram sanctitatem ut videas si illa continetur veritas vel non, quia tu es fornax ferri ruginosi, in quam quodcumque ingreditur ruginosum exit purum. Sic sumus nos miseri respicientes ad Deum, et ad vestram sanctitatem; firmate quEesumus nostram fidem veram. CCXI. Obtestor Patrem Patrum, et Pastorem Pastorum, Pontificem Julium tertium, qui accepit signaculum nominis Trinitatis, ut dignetur acceptare hanc meam professionem, meo nomine, atque etiam nomine Patriarchi nostri. Insuper vos Patres electos, qui estis

(

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CCVIII. Pervenit ad nos epistola vestra elegans, quae ex ore vestro sancto prodiit, et mandato vestro excelso conscripta est; et suscepimus earn manibus nostris debilibus, et earn super oculos nostros posuimus. Et sicut Simon sencx, qui portavit D. N. J. Christum in ulnis suis, sic diximus: Quia viderunt oculi nostri pietatem vestram immensam. Nunc igitur Domine mi dimitte servo vestro peccata sua, sicut posita est in manibus vestris potestas ligandi at que solvendi, et omnium mysteriorum. Legimus earn siquidem cum laetitia et intelleximus quod in ea scriptum est cum gaudio, et mandatum vestrum attendimus, et non habemus os quod sufficiat ad commendationem vestram, neque linguam, quae possit exprimere gloriam vestram, et nos contremiscimus excellentiam vestram, quia Dominus magnificavit vos. CCIX. Non recepimus igitur eos, qui confitentur dualitatem divisivam unitatis, nec iterum eos, qui confitentur mixtionem et confusionem sicut Eutyches excommunicatus, sed recipimus omnes qui sequuntur fidem b. Petri Principis Apostolorum, et incedunt per viam Nicoeni concilii. . .

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f. Ego hwmilis Joseph Archiep. Insul®, subscripsi. f. Ego humilis Timotheus Archiep. Jerusalem, subscripsi. f . Ego humilis Abraham Episcopus Vehdonfores, subscripsi. f . Item ego Joannes Jesu Archiep. loci civitatis "Wan veni post congregationem et subscripsi. Datum in civitate Amed an. 1927. Grsecorum, die veneris 8. mensis Martii.

CLXXII. EX

CUBICULO PATßlARCHALI

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ET

BENEDICTIONES CONCEDANTUR VOBIS.

Ab humili Elia orientali, qui per gratiam Dei sedi sanctae Babylonis inservit, adorationes continuae, et inclinationes perpetuae, genuflexionesque sempiternas ante sanctos pedes tuos, o Pater benedicte, et Caput Patrum, sol Christianitatis, et nomen in quo situm est aedificium Ecclesiae Ecclesiarum: Dominus meus, et Pater meus Papa, Dominus Pater Patriarcharum omnium, qui in universo sunt.

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CLXXI. Et si fuerit aliquid, quod non placeat vobis ex his quae misimus, faciemus ut placeat vobis. . . f. Ego Elias per gratiam Dei Patriarcha Orientis, subscripsi. f. Ego humilis Gabriel Archiep. Hesno, subscripsi. t . Ego humilis Elias Archiep. Sehert, subscripsi.

(

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CLXVIII. Pater mundus . . . qui sedet in sede veritatis . . . Dei yoluntate et gratia electus in sede Petri. . . Et plus osculor terram sub pedibus tuis, et do obedientiam cameree honoratas a suo Domino . . . qui est Pater Patrum, et Pastor beatissimus, Caput principum, pastor ovium . . . gerens vicem verbi Dei, et vestitus veste spirituali, et coronatus mitra gratise Deitatis, et ornatus ornamentis atque ordinibus Mosaieis . . . corona filiorum baptizatorum, ac gloria populi Jesu . . . Tu es quintus Evangelista inter quatuor . . . Et ego minimus inter capita sacerdotum, Ignatius indignus faeio reverentiam bis et ter Patri meo dilecto, qui est Pater Patrum . . . qui est successor Patris nostri Petri, caput Patriarcharum Romae, et caput Patriarcbarum mundi sequentium Christum. CLXIX. J

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