The Thirty Years War [Reprint 2019 ed.] 9780520332058

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THE THIRTY YEARS WAR

THE THIRTY YEARS WAR

J. V. POLISENSKY translated from the Czech by Robert Evans

University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles 1971

Firn published in English 1971 © J. V. Polisènsky 1971

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

ISBN: 0-520-01868-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 77-89894

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

Contents General map of Central Europe, c. 1618 Map of Bohemia and Moravia, c. 1618 I Europe in a Century of Crisis and Revolution 2 The World at the Turn of the Century

3 The End of Equilibrium and First Attempts to Resolve the Crisis 4 The Bohemian War: the Local Conflict and its Wider Importance 5 The Dutch Period of the War, 1621-5 6 The Danish War and the Rise of Wallenstein 7 The Swedish War and the Fall of Wallenstein, 1631-5 8 New Horizons and New Miseries 9 The Compromise and the Peace 10 The Peace and its Consequences Notes on Literature and Sources Appendix on Place Names Index

vi viii 1 11 66

98 133

168 192 217

235 254 266 296

297

Náchod^/ J Opocrto \ j « Hradec Králové I ( Rychnov* '—JrPardubice

, 163-4, 176, 222

Stadtlohn, battle of (1623) 165 Starhemberg, Richard von, Austrian Protestant leader 75, 92 Steinau 212 Sternberg, Adam of, High Burgrave of Bohemia 70, 79-80, 102; Stephan Georg 102 Stirum-Limbuig, Otto Herman von 126, 129

Stittcn, Hartwig von 86 Stolbova, treaty of (1617) 175, 207 Stralsund 174 Strinsty, Pavel, Czech historian 146, 246, 276

Strünke 58, 68, 7 1 - 2 , 1 5 1 , 1 5 6 Strojnowski, Colonel 149,158 Stuhmsdorf, truce of (1635) 215, 217 Svamberk, Peter of 103 Svihovsty of Rfzmburk, Bedrich 102

Switzerland (cantons o f ) 2 2 , 7 8 , 9 2 , 1 2 8 ,

255-6; v. also Grisons

Täbor 115, 140, 159 Tachov 1 0 4 , 1 1 5 , 1 3 8 , 140,145 Tartars 67, 71, 156-7, 215 Tengnagel, Franz Gansneb von 76, 96 Teschen 170 Tetour of Tetov, family 55ff Teufel, Georg von, Imperialist general 70

194, 198; Jan 32; Jan Rudolf i o i , 198; MikuliS 32; Magdalena 142 Tfebofi 115, 159 Trent, Council of (1545-63) 46, 49, 79 Trier, Philipp von Sötern, ArchbishopElector of 218 Trip, family 175, 184, 260 Tromp, Martin Harpenszoon, Dutch admiral 220 Troppau 73, 78, 86, 150, 170-1, 198, 2 0 0 - 1 , 288

Tschemembl, Georg Erasmus von, Austrian Protestant leader 75, 77, 92, n 1-3, 271

Turenne, Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de, French marshal 219, 240-1

Turks and Ottoman Empire 14-5, 21,

48,63,66ff, 87,96,106,130-1,155-7» 165^7, 1 7 0 - 1 , 1 8 1 , 206-7, 2 1 5 , 229, 248, 2 5 7

Uceda, Cristobal y Roxas, Duke of 123 Uhersk^ Brod ¡ ¡ f f , 62, 66, 68, 70, 152, 186, 190 Uherské HradiStè 58-9, 61, 68-70, 115, 120,

151,

186,

203,

225—6,

230;

province 119, 231 Ulersdorfer of N£m£i, Christoph 118-9 ; Wilhelm 1 1 8 , 154 U l m , treaty of (1620) n o , 1 3 0

Union, Protestant 86-7, 92fr, n o , 126, 130, 1 6 1

Thun, family 125; Rudolph 283, 286,

Urban vili (Maffeo Barberini), Pope

Thum, Heinrich Matthias von, Bohemian Protestant leader 50, 71,

Urban of Domanin, Elias 68, 70; Jan

288, 2 9 1

7 5 - 6 , 85, 98-9, I02ff, 109, 1 1 2 , 1 1 4 - 5 , 1 1 8 , 149, 1 5 5 , 1 5 7 , 165, 192,

196, 207, 212, 281; Franz Bernhard, his son 1 2 1 , 1 5 2 Tilly, Johann Tserclaes von, general of the L e a g u e 1 2 5 , 1 6 3 - 5 , 172, 177-8, 208-10

169-70,

Toratenson, Lennart, Swedish general 209, 2 1 8 - 9 , 2 2 5 - 7 , 229, 290

Tianovskf, JiH, Czech poet 250-1 Transylvania 21, 67, 258, 265; v. also Bethlen and RAkfczi Trautmannsdorf, Maximilian von, Imperial diplomat 240, 294 TrCka of Lipa, family 30-1,34,36,40-1, 143, 182, 195, 199; Adam Erdman,

( 1 6 2 3 - 4 4 ) , 166, 1 7 7 , 236, 286

68ff, 2 7 7

Urbino 177 Uskoks 91, 173 Üsd nad Labem 136 Valtellina (Veltlin) 125, 160, 162, 219, 279, 2 8 3

Varotta, Marc'Antonio 52 Vchynsky v. Kinsky Velasqueq, Diego 166 Venice 21-2, 52, 78, 91-2, 126, 128, 1 3 0 - 1 , 160, 165, 1 7 1 , 176, 2 3 5

Vercelli 91 Verdugo, Guillermo, Imperialist general 1 2 4 - 5 , 199, 283

Vere, Sir Horace (Baron Vere of Tilbury) 164

INDEX

Verneuerte Landaordruuig (Obnaveni ZHzerd Zemski, 1627) 180-1, 197, 224, 284-5

Vervins, peace of (1598) 22 Vickov, Arkléb of 116; Jan Adam Cejkovskfof 1 1 6 , 1 1 8 , 1 2 1 , 1 4 8 , isoff, 186-7, 201» 282 Vienna 16, 7 3 - 4 , 76, 105, 109-10, 118,

149» 155» 167. I79> 196, 210, 225, 229; peace of (1606) 73, 106 Villafranca, Pedro Alvarez de Toledo, Marquis of 123 Vlachs (Wallachians)55,120-1,147,1512, 154-5, 157-9. 170, 172» 179. 184. l86ff, 206, 226ff, 250, 282, 285, 290 Vodiany 139, 145 Vratislav of Mitrovice, Vàclav, traveller 37 Vyikov 53, 64, 68, 75 Waldstein, family 143, 199; Adam 101, 142, 201, 280; Albrecht v. Wallenstein; Maximilian 199 Wallachians see Vlachs Wallenstein, Albrecht Eusebius von, Duke of Mecklenburg, Sagan and Friedland, Imperialist generalissimo " » 34» 54-5» 71» 74-5» 92» i4> « 6 - 8 120-1, 137-9» 142, 147» 150» 152,

154ÌF, i69ff, i8iff, 186, I92ff, 210-2, 219, 244, 259, 269, 281, 283-6, 288

305 William 11, Prince of Orange, s tadholder (1647-50) 220, 236-7, 239» 292

Wimpfen, battle of (1622) 164 Wismar I72ff Witte, Jan de, Dutch financier

137-8,

182, 184, 260, 283-4

Wittstock an der Dosse, battle of

(1636)

218

Wladislaw iv Vasa, King of Poland (1632-48) 215

Wrangel, Karl Gustav, Swedish general 215, 229, 240-1

Ziblati, battle of (1619) 1 0 5 , 1 2 1 2ampach of Potenstein, Zdenik

154-5,

159, 185, 202

Ziruba of Hustifany, Väclav 103 2atec, province 31-2, 35; town 3 2 , 1 2 9 , 145» 147 Zeelandre, Diego de, Spanish agent 91, 280

Zerotin, family 54, 56-7, 73, 147, 156, 202, 275; Jetfich (of MeziHä) 152; Karel the Elder, Moravian leader 51, 64, 66, 68-9, 72, 7 4 f r , 86ff, 92, 96, 102, 1 0 4 - 6 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 5 , 1 1 7 , 1 8 9 , 2 0 1 - 2 ,

230, 277; Ladislav Velen, Moravian commander, 6 8 , 1 0 5 , 1 0 7 , 1 1 5 , 1 2 0 - 1 , 148, 1 5 2 , 1 5 7 , 1 7 1 - 2 , 179, 277, 282

White Mountain, battle of

Zittau 133 Znojmo, 115, 232 Zsitva (Zsitvatorok), peace of (1606) 73 Zufiiga, Baltazar de, Spanish diplomat

Willenbeig, Jan 12

Zusmarshausen, battle of Zvikov 115, 159

Westphalia, Congress and Peace of

(1648) 235-6, 240, 242-3, 254«, 293 (1620) 1 1 1 - 1 2 , 120, 125-6, 130, 132-4, 159, 162, 181-2, 192, 209

76, 80, 90, 96, 161

(1648) 241