Preface 1. The Mystery of Music: The Need for an Evolutionary History of Music Part One: The Present 2. More than Cheesecake? The Similarities and Differences between Music and Language 3. Music without Language: The Brain, Aphasia and Musical Savants 4. Language without Music: Acquired and Congenital Amusia 5. The Modularity of Music and Language: Music Processing within the Brain 6. Talking and Singing to Baby: Brain Maturation, Language Learning and Perfect Pitch 7. Music Hath Charms and Can Heal: Music, Emotion, Medicine and Intelligence Part Two: The Past 8. Grunts, Barks and Gestures: Communication by Monkeys and Apes 9. Songs on the Savannah: The Origin of ‘Hmmmm’ Communication 10. Getting into Rhythm: The Evolution of Bipedalism and Dance 11. Imitating Nature: Communication about the Natural World 12. Singing for Sex: Is Music a Product of Sexual Selection? 13. The Demands of Parenthood: Human Life History and Emotional Development 14. Making Music Together: The Significance of Cooperation and Social Bonding 15. Neanderthals in Love: ‘Hmmmmm’ communication by Homo neanderthalensis 16 The Origin of Language: The Origin of Homo sapiens and the Segmentation of ‘Hmmmmm’ 17. A Mystery Explained, but Not Diminished: Modern Human Dispersal, Communicating with the Gods, and the Remnants of ‘Hmmmmm’ Notes Bibliography Picture Acknowledgements Index