The Routledge Handbook of Linguistic Ethnography 1138938165

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The Routledge Handbook of Linguistic Ethnography

The Routlcl{~e Handbook of Linguistic Ethnography provides an accessible, authoritative and comprehensive overview of this growing body of research, combining ethnographic approaches with close attention to language use. This handbook illustrates the richness and potential of linguistic ethnography to provide detailed understandings of situated patterns of language use while connecting these patterns clearly to broader sooal structures. Including a general introduction to linguistic ethnography and 25 state-of-the-art chapters from expert international scholars. the handbook is divided into three sections. Chapters cover historical, empirical, methodological and theoretical contributions to the field, and new approaches and developments. This handbook is key reading for those studying linguistic ethnography, qualitative research methods, sociolinguistics and educational linguistics within English Language, Applied Linguistics, Education and Anthropology. Karin Tusting is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Linguistics and English Language. Lancaster University. Her research has in recent years focussed on the literacies of the workplace, with a particular interest in issues of audit and accountability.

Routledge Handbooks in Applied linguistics

Rou//cd5n to comrnunicative practice extends our knowledge oflmguistic and as a consequence expands our understanding of social

future directions ()nc of th,· future dircctwns of travel in resc;irc:h ni.to con1 n1unic;1tivc in socially diverse settings rs to,v:irds onlmc and d1grtal conm1.un1c:ation. This has already begun, but sLUdics which adopt an explicitly on digital comrnunicat1on are still relatively scarce (although see Andrcmtsopoulos, 2(111; Tagg, The 1ntc:rnd can be seen ,is a llLtJOr n1cchaui,rn rn proce,sn and in the creation of superdiversity (Varis &. Wang, 1011 ). Jt opem up new channels ol corn rnumcat.1cn1, generating nnv linguis-t1c and cultural fc,rms, new v,:ays of form mg and 1nai11tamrng contacts, networks and groups, and new opportunities fi:,r Blornmaert and lCunpton p. point out that as people comn1unicate more and more in v,1ry1ng con1buutions of oral, \Nrittcn, pictori,il and modes (Facebook, Twitter, \YJeChat, WhatsApp, online games, SIVI.S, Snapchat, Instagram and so "nmltimodal is an inevitable c1npincal adjustment to conternporary conditions, and we are forced to 1novc frorn 'language' in the strict sense towards scmiosis as c,ur G:icus of inquiry". An which focusses on the simultaneous use of d1flcrc11t kinds of fr.>nns or signs, and the tensions and conf-licb atnong those signs, will be productive 111 n1aking sense of the prolifr:rauon ofsigrn in virtual v,,orlcls. A second direction of travel in the deployment of a heteroglossic lens to investigation ollanguagc in social life should attend to mult1modal dimensions of comrn.unication. We have seen shifts in conceptual 1n1derst,indings of use, which have resulted 111 rhe development 0Lu1Jlytical n1e,rns tu examine the complexity :rnd mobility of communicative practices in everyday life (Blackledge & Creese, But recent research which !us attended to nrnltilingual comnrnnication has paid little lemoriented i111rod11ctio11. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (Outlines and illustrates different methods for analysinµ; multimodal materials, including films, webpages, social media ,rnd computer game,.) Goodwin (2018). c,,,,,pn,1ti1•e action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Major contribution to multimocLtl i11ter,,ction analysis, from the perspective oflinguistic anthropology.) Heath, Luft; & Hindmarsh (2010). Viclt:o in q11alit,1tive research. London: Sage. (Introduction to a videobased approach to 'multimodal' interaction analysis, grounded in conversation analysis and ethnomethodology, drawing on a range of different studies by the authors.) Jewitt, Bezemer, & O'Halloran (2016). Introducing multimod,1/ity. London: Routledge. (Outlines, illustrates and compares a range of different approaches to multunodality, including social semiotics, systemic functional linguistics and conversation analysis; and discusses how to design a study in multimodality.) Ledin & M;,chiJJ (21118). Doing 11isu,1l analysis. From thc,,,y to practice. London: Sage. (Introduction to visual analvsis ufphutugraphs, document de,igu. ,Jc"""'"""'"· built environments and filui.)

Related topics lntcractional sociolinguistics; Hctcroglossia; Sociolinguistic ethnographies of globalisation; Micro-analysis of spoken interaction. 136

Multi modality

References Bateman,]., \Vildfeuer,J., & Hippala, T. (2017). Multilt101iulity. Found11tio11s, research and analysis: .!l problemoriented introduction. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Bezemer, ]. (2008). Displaying orientation in the classroom: Students' rnultimodal responses to tc:ichcr instructions. Linguistics and EduCcJtion, 19(2), 166-178. Bezerner, ]., & Kress, G. (2014). Touch: A rcsnurce f;,1r making meaning . .!lust111lic1n Journdl of Language ,md L1fcrdcy. ./7(2), 77-85. Bezemer, J., & Krcs,, G. (2016). J'vfultirnorLdity, ,rnd communication: /1 soci,zl semiotic (r'1me. London: Routledge. Burn. /\. (2016). Cames, films and media literacy: Fiameworks for multimodal analysis. In M. Knobel & C. Lankshcar (Eds.), Researching neu• /ircr,1cies: Design, theory, and dr a discussion of this point). Stress on rctkxivity has also implied greater c,msideration of the rok of emotions and empathy in intnvie1ving, a point very much emphasised by feminist researchers for example, Oakley, 199K). However, debates about the role of the interview in ethnogr;iphic research have not ceased, partKnLirly since a great deal cif1 especially · in identity and narrative research, are still heavily based on interviews. '163

Anna De Fina

Condusions and future directions In this chapter I have traced the of intervinving and its emcrgenct' as a central too] in ethnographic research in the fields of sociocultural linguistics and anthropological linguistics. [ h:,ve described the main kinds of mterviews, cliscmsecl the 1nost important debates in the different disciplines in which interviews are used and traced a brief view of cur. rent work based on interviews. I thmk that future directions will see an increased awneness of etbicil issues m interviewrng and a continuation of the current trend towards researcher reflexivity. The future will also witness greater development oC new types of interviews, such as those conducted through the rnediation of or those tlut include mobile components.

Further reading EJ!iott, J. (2005). U.,ing n,m,lliw i11 sori,il research: Qualitatilif